3
I
424
llatufttf Cttp
Jtofcltc itfrratp
This Volume is for
FERENCE USE ONLY
343
477- l J extravagant etc. ( inordinate )
3 1. 9; opinionated etc. (bigoted) 606.7.
Eccentric
lso 503. Insanity, Eccenfricity)
;. n. madman, crazy etc. 503.12 per-
soi!., lunatic, dement, crackbrain, crack-
skitll [rare], cracked wit, bedlam, bed-,
lariite, candidate for bedlam, Tom o'
Be|ilam, phrenetic, noncompos, psycho-
paifh, psychopathic case; demoniac, en-
erg umen ; loon, loony, nut, bat, coot, goof,
crackpot, screwball [all slang] ; maniac,
racing lunatic; madcap; monomaniac,
crank [coll.] ; kleptomaniac, kleptoma-
nis:; phobiac [rare], phobic, phobe; au-
torianiac; dipsomaniac; paranoiac; hy-
poi hondriac etc. 837 5 ; idiot, imbecile etc,
(fcol) 501.
|. n. fanatic, fan [slang], energurnen,
infituate, devotee, bug [slang], nut
[sling], enthusiast, rhapsodist, seer,
hi|hflier or highflyer; zealot, zealotist;
fate dist, fadmonger ; dogmatist etc. 474.4 ;
op fiionist etc. 606 3,
eccentric, erratic, maggot-pate
[all coll.] ;
queer bird, odd
or queer card, queer case, odd or queer
fish, rum customer, queer potato [all
slang].
505, Memory
(See 506. Oblivion)
i. n. memory, memoria, memento,
Ij oc. ] , remembrance, rememorance
rare], recollection, recall [rare], mental
reproduction or recurrence ; recognition,
recognizance [now rare], reidentifica-
tion; mirror of the mind, mind's eye, eye
of the mind ; tablets of the memory, Mem-
ory's halls or pictures ; corner or recess
of the memory, inmost recesses of the
memory.
"that in ward eye" (Wordsworth), "the
warder of the brain" ( Shakespeare ) , "the
treasury and guardian of all things" (Cic-
ero), "storehouse of the mind, garner of
504. Who is yonder poor maniac? SOUTHEY.
There is a pleasure, sure, / In being mad, which
none but madmen know. DRYDEN, "Tis the
times* plague, when madmen lead the blind.
SHAKESPEARE. Every madman thinks all
other men mad. PURLILITJS.
505. Memory is the diary that we all carry
about with us. WIL&E. O call back yester-
day, bid time return. SHAKESPEARE. Fresh
2. n. retentivity, retentiveness; reten-
tion; retentive memory; etc. below.
3. n. good memcify; 'faithful or trust-
worthy memory, exact or correct mem-
ory, ready or prompt memory, retentive
memory, tenacious memory, capacious
memory , memory for faces, camera eye.
4. n. remembering, recalling etc. v. ;
recalling to the memory, rememoration
[obs.j, recollection, reminiscence, retro-
spect, retrospection, looking back, look-
ing back on things past, review, review or
contemplation of the past, reconsidera-
tion, reflection; afterthought etc. (ma-
ture thought) 451.2.
5. n. reminder, remindal; remem-
brance, remembrancer ; jogger [ coll. ] ,
flapper; prompt, prompter, prompting;
mnemonic device, mnemonic, mnemoni-
con; token of remembrance, memento,
token, souvenir, keepsake, relic ; word to
the wise, suggestion etc. (hint, tip)^
5^73,4-
6. n. memorandum (pi. memoranda),
memo [coll.], memoir, memorial [obs.
exc. Law], commonplace ; memorandum
book, memo book [coll.], notebook, pock-
etbook, engagement book, promptbook,
commonplace book, adversaria; memory
book [U.S.] , scrapbook, album ; birthday
book, address book.
7. n. memorial; testimonial etc. (mon-
ument) 551.4.
8. n. memories, memorabilia, memo-
randa, memoirs, memorials.
9. n. mnemonics, mnemotechny, mne-
motechnics, mnemonization ; art of mem-
ory improvement, artificial memory;
Mnemosyne [Gr. Myth.].
10. v. remember, rernemorate [obs.],
member [obs. exc. dial ], mem [ slang]
recollect, recomember [dial. U.S.], re*
call, call or recall to mind or remem-
brance, call ~ 9 summon or conjure up,
mind, remind [obs.], think back, carry
one's thoughts back, look back or back-
wards,* look back upon, look back upon
and lasting ... in remembrance. SHAKE-
SPEARE. Beasts and babies remember, that is,
recognize: man alone recollects. COLERIDGE.
A man of great memory without learning hath
a rock and a spindle and no staff to spin. G.
HERBERT. Lay it where childhood's dreams
are twined /In Memory's mystic band .CAR-
ROLL. Music, when soft voices die, / Vibrates
in the memory, SHELLEY, Parsque est me
PETER MARK ROGET
(1779-1869)
PETER MARK ROGET was the only son of John Roget, who hailed from Geneva
and later had oversight of the French Protestant Church in Threadneedle Street
London, where Peter was born in 1779. His father died a few years later, and his
mother removed to Edinburgh, where the son entered the university there at the
age of fourteen. He was graduated M.D. from the medical school at the early age of
nineteen and distinguished himself by valuable research work on such subjects as
consumption and the effects of laughing gas. In 1802 he went to Geneva, his father's
home, in company with the sons of a wealthy merchant of Manchester, to whom he
acted as tutor. The disturbances caused by the breach of the Peace of Amiens
interrupted their tour and Roget was for a time held a prisoner at Geneva. He suc-
ceeded in getting away, however, at the end of 1803 and became private physician
to the Marquis of Lansdowne.
In 1805 he becamfe physician to the Manchester Infirmary and made a name
for himself there by giving courses of lectures on scientific subjects. He combined
in an unusual degree exact knowledge with a power of apt and vivid presentation,
and this work he continued for well-nigh fifty years after his removal to London
in 1808. He became honorary physician to the Northern Dispensary and lectured
assiduously on medical and other subjects in various parts of the metropolis. A
testimony to his versatility is afforded by the fact that he was asked by the Govern-
ment to make an inquiry into the water supply of London, and in 1828 he pub-
lished a report on the subject. For three years he held the post of Fullerian Profes-
sor of Physiology at the London Institution.
Dr. Roget was made a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1815, and served as
secretary of the organization for over twenty years. He was appointed Examiner
in Physiology in the University of London. He wrote various papers on physiology
and health, among them On Animal and Vegetable Physiology, a Bridge water
treatise, 1834; a work on phrenology in two volumes, 1838; The Economic Chess-
Board, 1846; and Electricity, Galvanism, 184.8.
These activities would be more than enough for most men, but Roget's insatiable
thirst for knowledge and his appetite for work led him into yet other fields.
He was no high-and-dry scientist who thought that learning was the prerogative
of the elect. His aim was to broadcast it as widely as possible, and to this end
he founded the Society for the Diffusion of Knowledge and wrote for it a series of
popular manuals. He also devised a slide rule. He spent much time in attempting
to perfect a calculating machine, and showed remarkable ingenuity in inventing and
solving chess problems.
However, the one work that extended and perpetuated his fame on two conti-
nents was one which he probably regarded as a side issue. In the year 1852 he
brought out his Thesaurus oj English Words and Phrases Classified and Arranged
so as to Facilitate the Expression of Ideas and Assist in Literary Composition. A
second edition followed the next year, a third two years later, and still others in
the next few years. The work was extended and corrected by his son. In 1911 the
THOMAS Y. CROWELL COMPANY published the first edition prepared by the noted
lexicographer and orientalist C. O. Sylvester Mawson. The edition of 1922
virtually a new book was again the work of Dr. Mawson and the first to be called
"International Edition/' The long series of subsequent improved and enlarged
editions finds its climax in the present revision in which the Publishers and Editors
have spared neither effort nor expense to live up to and even better the standards
of so remarkable a tradition.
Peter Roget died in West Malvern, on September 17, 1869, at the age of ninety.
ROGET'S
INTERNATIONAL
THESAURUS
ROGET'S
INTERNATIONAL
THESAURUS
NEW EDITION
Revised and Reset
THE COMPLETE BOOK OF SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
IN AMERICAN AND BRITISH USAGE
A CROWELL REFERENCE BOOK
THOMAS Y. CROWELL COMPANY
NEW YORK
COPYRIGHT, 1946, BY
THOMAS Y. CROWELL COMPANY
FIRST PRINTING, JUNE 1946
Previous Editions Copyright,
1911, 1922, 1930, 1932, 1936, 1938, 1939,
by Thomas Y. Crowell Company
(Thirty-Two Printings)
All rights reserved.
MANUFACTURED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
To the memory of
HENDRIK WILLEM VAN LOON
who month after month,
year after year,
sent additions and changes for this edition.
KANSAS CITY, MO PUBLIC LIBRARY
3 1148 01110 2977
CONTENTS
PUBLISHERS' PREFACE iv
PETER ROGET'S PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION vii
PETER ROGET'S INTRODUCTION viii
SYNOPSIS OF CATEGORIES xvi
How TO USE THE BOOK . . xxviii
THESAURUS OF ENGLISH WORDS AND PHRASES i
INDEX GUIDE 683
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS BOOK 1184
AUTHORS QUOTED IN THIS BOOK 1186
PUBLISHERS' PREFACE
^ This new, enlarged edition of ROGET'S INTERNATIONAL THESAURUS
is the culmination of nearly a hundred years of evolution in the life cycle of a great
reference work. It is the third resetting by the THOMAS Y. CROWELL COMPANY.
It is nearly twice as large as its parent edition, many times the size of the grand-
parent editions. Of all books of synonyms ROGET'S INTERNATIONAL
THESAURUS, New Edition, is by far the most complete, the most up-to-date, the
only one containing more than a sampling of American slang and colloquialisms, the
only one stressing modern quotations as well as ancient and foreign, the only one
embodying a system of precise references to paragraphs within sections, the only
one set in large type. It is the result of five years of concentrated work of a staff of
special editors.
The basic principle of Dr. Peter Roget's original Thesaurus was the grouping of
ivords according to their ideas rather than the listing of words, as dictionaries do,
according to the alphabet. This principle the secret of Roget's success has been
scrupulously preserved in the various Crowell editions for over sixty years. It is the
material within the established pattern that has been enlarged and improved year
by year, edition after edition. There are editions on the market in which the plan
is preserved but the contents are increased little or not at all. There are also editions
which have altered the plan. There is, however, no other edition besides ROGET'S
INTERNATIONAL THESAURUS which has both kept the original plan and
continuously enlarged the contents.
The Thesaurus oj English Words and Phrases Classified and Arranged so as to
Facilitate the Expression oj Ideas and Assist in Literary Composition by Peter
Mark Roget, published in 1852 by Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans in
London, was the final outgrowth of a mere catalog of words which the compiler
had jotted down for his own private use as early as 1805. He had added to it from
time to time and finally, after his retirement from the active secretaryship of the
Royal Society, devoted several years to the task of preparing his material for pub-
lication. The reception of the Thesaurus on the part of the public proved that it
answered a definite need.
In 1853 a second edition was necessary; a third and "cheaper edition enlarged
and improved" followed in 1855. When Peter Roget died in West Malvern, on
September 17, 1869, at the advanced age of ninety, his book had gone through
twenty-eight separate editions.
After the death of the original compiler, the task of additions and emendations
became the sole responsibility of his son, Dr. John Lewis Roget. In 1879 he brought
out a greatly expanded edition in which he 'incorporated all the material collected
by his father during the last years of his life. This edition is at the basis of all
American Rogets, some of which still on the market today are virtually unim-
proved reprints of it.
In 1886 the THOMAS Y. CROWELL COMPANY brought out its first American edition
and initiated its policy of constant expansion and improvement and of making Roget's
original British work into a thoroughly American one of international usefulness.
By 1909 it had become an established custom of the Crowell Company to entrust
its revisions of the Thesaurus to American editors. The edition of 1911 practically
anew book was the work of the noted lexicographer and orientalist, C. 0. Svlvester
Mawson, Revising Editor of Webster's New International Dictionary The lorn?
series of subsequent editions of the Crowell line of American Rogets completely
v Publishers' Preface
recast and reset in 1922 as the International Edition, enlarged and improved in 1930,
1932, 1936, 1938, and 1939 finds its climax in the present New Edition in which
neither effort nor expense has been spared to maintain and even better the standards
of so remarkable a tradition.
This edition of ROGET'S INTERNATIONAL THESAURUS may be called an
entirely new work as also a mere revision. It is a revision in the sense that it retains
again the basic principles and a great many features of the older editions and that it
incorporates all the useful material compiled by Peter Roget and his successors.
It is an entirely new work in that the thousands and thousands of items added
have not simply been inserted in the appropriate places but have been worked in
with the old stock in a thorough recasting.
The principles that have guided the editors in their endeavor to make the
INTERNATIONAL THESAURUS, New Edition, the most nearly perfect the-
saurus possible, may be set forth as follows :
In its earliest conception, Roget's thesaurus was a dictionary of synonyms and
antonyms relating to general ideas and not to specific things. Under this plan the
term "lion," for instance, might be listed in connection with the idea of courage
but not as standing for the mammal known to zoologists as Felis leo. This principle
has not been maintained. To be sure, it is impossible to list in a book of this sort
the names of all the mammals, all the ropes of a sailing ship, all the parts of an
automobile, etc. ; but the user who will let the Index direct him to sections - where
terms of this type are collected will agree that ample provision has been made to
meet all reasonable demands.
In marked contrast to former times, there are today many who feel that a forceful
style should not shun but rather cultivate the use of colloquialisms and even slang.
Indeed, the "right" word or phrase, that is, the most expressive or convincing one,
is often not to be found in the dictionaries of the standard language whereas colloquial
speech or slang could easily supply it. It is in keeping with these observations that
the new Roget has been made to include an impressive array of nonstandard terms.
All of these have been carefully labeled.
The wealth of material incorporated in the new Roget would make the use of
the book a fairly cumbersome business if it were not for the refined system of refer-
ences that has been devised. The new Index Guide refers not only to the various
sections but within these by means of decimals to specific paragraphs which have
been made numerous rather than long. Thus the user is not just led in a general
way to the approximate place of the word he is looking for but rather with some-
thing like pin-point precision to the word itself.
In Peter Roget's original setup sections dealing with ideas interconnected as
correlatives or antonyms were placed, as far as possible, under consecutive numbers
and in parallel columns. In the present edition explicit references to correlative
and antonymous sections, whether or not these could be made to precede or follow
immediately, are given underneath almost every sectional caption. The arrangement
in parallel columns was discontinued in part to assure a clearer and nonconf using
page layout but mainly because it limited the coordination of units to two while the
device of explicit references was found to be much more elastic. The general
references are supplemented by a great many specific cross references distributed
throughout the running text.
Great care was taken in matters of typographical detail. The large type, a distinc-
tive feature of the International, was retained in spite of the vast body of word
material added.
The Index Guide was made to function more smoothly by the use of more clearly
distinct type faces and generally by the application of the most modern principles
of sound lexicography. Particular attention was paid to the desideratum that the
Index Guide should be reliable as an authority on present-day American spelling.
The quotations pertaining to most of the 1000 units of the book have been
compiled anew with particular emphasis on modern material. Foreign quotations
Publishers' Preface vi
have not been slighted ; but, as a means of facilitating their use, complete translations
have been supplied for all of them.
Work on this new edition of ROGET'S INTERNATIONAL THESAURUS
was begun in January, 1941. The compilation of new material was organized and
directed by Lester V. Berrey, author of The American Thesaurus of Slang. The
Index Guide and other problems of a more technical nature were worked out under
the directorship of Dr. Alexander Code of the editorial staff of the THOMAS Y.
CROWELL COMPANY.
The result is a thoroughly up-to-date reference work for modern needs and modern
demands. If, nevertheless, the preface and the introduction which Peter Roget wrote
for his first synonymy almost a hundred years ago can still serve to present this
latest scion of the Roget tradition to the public, the Editors may take that fact
as proof of the perennial usefulness of the Roget plan and expect their efforts to
win for the book many new friends and devoted users.
A. a
fFor instructions and advice on How to Use the Book, see pp. xxviii f.]
PETER ROGET'S PREFACE
to the First Edition
IT is now nearly fifty years since I first projected a system of verbal classification
similar to that on which the present work is founded. Conceiving that such a
compilation might help to supply my own deficiencies, I had, in the year 1805,
completed a classed catalog of words on a small scale, but on the same principle,
and nearly in the same form, as the Thesaurus now published. I had often during
that long interval found this little collection, scanty and imperfect as it was, of
much use to me in literary composition, and often contemplated its extension and
improvement ; but a sense of the magnitude of the task, amidst a multitude of other
avocations, deterred me from the attempt. Since my retirement from the duties of
Secretary of the Royal Society, however, finding myself possessed of more leisure,
and believing that a repertory of which I had myself experienced the advantage
might, when amplified, prove useful to others, I resolved to embark in an undertak-
ing which, for the last three or four years, has given me incessant occupation, and
has, indeed, imposed upon me an amount of labor very much greater than I had
anticipated. Notwithstanding all the pains I have bestowed on its execution, I am
fully aware of its numerous deficiencies and imperfections, and of its falling far
short of the degree of excellence that might be attained. But, in a work of this
nature, where perfection is placed at so great a distance, I have thought it best to
limit my ambition to that moderate share of merit which it may claim in its present
form ; trusting to the indulgence of those for whose benefit it is intended, and to the
candor of critics who, while they find it easy to detect faults, can at the same time
duly appreciate difficulties.
P. M. ROGET
April 29, 1852
PETER ROGET'S INTRODUCTION
THE present work is intended to supply, with respect to the English language,
a desideratum hitherto unsupplied in any language; namely, a collection of the
words it contains and of the idiomatic combinations peculiar to it, arranged, not
in alphabetical order as they are in a dictionary, but according to fat ideas which
they express. The purpose of an ordinary dictionary is simply to explain the mean-
ing of words; and the problem of which it professes to furnish the solution may
be stated thus : The word being given, to find its signification, or the idea it
is intended to convey. The object aimed at in the present undertaking is exactly
the converse of this: namely, The idea being given, to find the word, or words,
by which that idea may be most fitly and aptly expressed. For this purpose, the
words and phrases of the language are here classed, not according to their sound
or their orthography, but strictly according to their signification.
The communication of our thoughts by means of language, whether spoken or
written, like every other object of mental exertion, constitutes a peculiar art,
which, like other arts, cannot be acquired in any perfection but by long-continued
practice. Some, indeed, there are more highly gifted than others with a facility
of expression, and naturally endowed with the power of eloquence ; but to none is
it at all times an easy process to embody, in exact and appropriate language, the
various trains of ideas that are passing through the mind, or to depict, in their
true colors and proportions, the diversified and nicer shades of feeling which
accompany them. To those who are unpracticed in the art of composition, or
unused to extempore speaking, these difficulties present themselves in their most
formidable aspect. However distinct may be our views, however vivid our con-
ceptions, or however fervent our emotions, we cannot but be often conscious that the
phraseology we have at our command is inadequate to do them justice. We seek
in vain the words we need, and strive ineffectually to devise forms of expression
which shall faithfully portray our thoughts and sentiments. The appropriate terms,
notwithstanding our utmost efforts, cannot be conjured up at will. Like "spirits
from the vasty deep," they come not when we call; and we are driven to the
employment of a set of words and phrases either too general or too limited, too
strong or too feeble, which suit not the occasion, which hit not the mark we aim
at ; and the result of our prolonged exertion is a style at once labored and obscure,
vapid and redundant, or vitiated by the still graver faults of affectation or ambiguity.
It is to those who are thus painfully groping their way and struggling with the
difficulties of composition that this work professes to hold out a helping hand.
The assistance it gives is that of furnishing on every topic a copious store of words
and phrases, adapted to express all the recognizable shades and modifications of
the general idea under which these words and phrases are arranged. The inquirer
can readily select, out of the ample collection spread out before his eyes in the
following pages, those expressions which are best suited to his purpose, and which
might not have occurred to him without such assistance. In order to make this
selection, he scarcely ever need engage in any critical or elaborate study of the
subtle distinctions existing between synonymous terms; for if the materials set
before him be sufficiently abundant, an instinctive tact will rarely fail to lead him
to the proper choice. Even while glancing over the columns of this work, his eye
may chance to light upon a particular term which may save the cost of a clumsy
paraphrase, or spare the labor of a tortuous circumlocution. Some felicitous turn
of expression thus introduced will frequently open to the mind of the reader a whole
viii
ix Introduction
vista of collateral ideas, which could not, without an extended and obtrusive
episode, have been unfolded to his view ; and often will the judicious insertion of a
happy epithet, like a beam of sunshine in a landscape, illumine and adorn the
subject which it touches, imparting new grace and giving life and spirit to the pic-
ture.
Every workman in the exercise of his art should be provided with proper
implements. For the fabrication of complicated and curious pieces of mechanism,
the artisan requires a corresponding assortment of various tools and instruments.
For giving proper effect to the fictions of the drama, the actor should have at his
disposal a well-furnished wardrobe, supplying the costumes best suited to the
personages he is to represent. For the perfect delineation of the beauties of nature,
the painter should have within reach of his pencil every variety and combination
of hues and tints. Now, the writer, as well as the orator, employs for the accom-
plishment of his purposes the instrumentality of words; it is in words that he
clothes his thoughts; it is by means of words that he depicts his feelings. It is
therefore essential to his success that he be provided with a copious vocabulary,
and that he possess an entire command of all the resources and appliances of his
language. To the acquisition of this power no procedure appears more directly
conducive than the study of a methodized system such as that now offered to his
use.
The utility of the present work will be appreciated more especially by those who
are engaged in the arduous process of translating into English a work written in
another language. Simple as the operation may appear, on a superficial view, of
rendering into English each of its sentences, the task of transfusing, with perfect
exactness, the sense of the original, preserving at the same time the style and
character of its composition, and reflecting with fidelity the mind and the spirit
of the author, is a task of extreme difficulty. The cultivation of this useful depart-
ment of literature was in ancient times strongly recommended both by Cicero and
by Quintilian, as essential to the formation of a good writer and accomplished
orator. Regarded simply as a mental exercise, the practice of translation is the
best training for the attainment of that mastery of language and felicity of diction
which are the sources of the highest oratory, and are requisite for the possession
of a graceful and persuasive eloquence. By rendering ourselves the faithful ^inter-
preters of the thoughts and feelings of others, we are rewarded with the acquisition
of greater readiness and facility in correctly expressing our own; as he who ^ has
best learned to execute the orders of a commander, becomes himself best qualified
to command.
In the earliest periods of civilization, translators have been the agents for propa-
gating knowledge from nation to nation, and the value of their labors has been
inestimable ; but, in the present age, when so many different languages have become
the depositories of the vast treasures of literature and of science which have been
accumulating for centuries, the utility of accurate translations has greatly increased
and it has become a more important object to attain perfection in the art.
The use of language is not confined to its being the medium through which we
communicate our ideas to one another ; it fulfills a no less important function as an
instrument of thought; not being merely its vehicle but giving it wings ^ for flight.
Metaphysicians are agreed that scarcely any of our intellectual operations could
be carried on, to any considerable extent, without the agency of words. None but
those who are conversant with the philosophy of mental phenomena can be aware
of the immense influence that is exercised by language in promoting the develop-
ment of our ideas, in fixing them in the mind, and in detaining them for steady
contemplation. Into every process of reasoning, language enters as an essential
element. Words are the instruments by which we form all our abstractions, by
which we fashion and embody our ideas, and by which we are enabled to glide
along a series of premises and conclusions with a rapidity so great as to leave in
the memory no trace of the successive steps of the process ; and we remain uncon-
scious how much we owe to this potent auxiliary of the reasoning faculty. It is
Introduction x
on this ground, also, that the present work founds a claim to utility. The review
of a catalogue of words of analogous signification, will often suggest by Association
other trains of thought, which, presenting the subject under new and varied aspects,
will vastly expand the sphere of our mental vision. Amidst the many objects
thus brought within the range of our contemplation, some striking similitude
or appropriate image, some excursive flight or brilliant conception, may flash on
the mind, giving point and force to our arguments, awakening a responsive ^chord
in the imagination or sensibility of the reader, and procuring for our reasonings a
more ready access both to his understanding and to his heart.
It is of the utmost consequence that strict accuracy should regulate our use of
language, and that every one should acquire the power and the habit of expressing
his thoughts with perspicuity and correctness. Few, indeed, can appreciate the
real extent and importance of that influence which language has always exercised
on human affairs, or can be aware how often these are determined by causes much
slighter than are apparent to a superficial observer. False logic, disguised under
specious phraseology, too often gains the assent of the unthinking multitude, dis-
seminating far and wide the seeds of prejudice and error. Truisms pass current,
and wear the semblance of profound wisdom, when dressed up in the tinsel garb
of antithetical phrases, or set off by an imposing pomp of paradox. By a confused
jargon of involved and mystical sentences, the imagination is easily inveigled into
a transcendental region of clouds, and the understanding beguiled into the belief
that it is acquiring knowledge and approaching truth. A misapplied or misappre-
hended term is sufficient to give rise to fierce and interminable disputes ; a misnomer
has turned the tide of popular opinion ; a verbal sophism has decided a party ques-
tion ; an artful watchword, thrown among combustible materials, has kindled the
flame of deadly warfare, and changed the destiny of an empire.
In constructing the following system of classification of the ideas which are
expressible by language, my chief aim has been to obtain the greatest amount of
practical utility. I have accordingly adopted such principles of arrangement as
appeared to me to be the simplest and most natural, and which would not require,
either for their comprehension or application, any disciplined acumen, or depth
of metaphysical or antiquarian lore. Eschewing all needless refinements and subtle-
ties, I have taken as my guide the more obvious characters of the ideas for which
expressions were to be tabulated, arranging them under such classes and categories
as reflection and experience had taught me would conduct the inquirer most readily
and quickly to the object of his search. Commencing with the ideas expressing
abstract relations, I proceed to those which relate to space and to the phenomena
of the material world, and lastly to those in which the mind is concerned, and which
comprehend intellect, volition, and feeling; thus establishing six primary Classes
of Categories.
1. The first of these classes comprehends ideas derived from the more general
and ABSTRACT RELATIONS among things, such as Existence, Resemblance, Quantity,
Order, Number,, Time, Power.
2. The second class refers to SPACE and its various relations, including Motion,
or change of place.
3. The third class includes all ideas that relate to the MATERIAL WORLD;
namely, the Properties of Matter, such as Solidity, Fluidity, Heat, Sound, Light.
and the Phenomena they present, as well as the simple Perceptions to which they
give rise.
4. The fourth class embraces all ideas of phenomena relating to the INTELLECT
and its operations; comprising the Acquisition, the Retention, and the Communica-
tion of Ideas.
5. The fifth class includes the ideas derived from the exercise of VOLITION;
embracing the phenomena and results of our Voluntary and Active Powers;' such as
Choice, Intention, Utility, Action, Antagonism, Authority, Compact, Property, etc.
6. The sixth and last class comprehends all ideas derived from the operation of
xi Introduction
our SENTIMENT AND MORAL POWERS ; including our Feelings, Emotions, Passions,
and Moral and Religious Sentiments. 1
The further subdivisions and minuter details will be best understood from an
inspection of the tabular Synopsis of Categories prefixed to the Work, in which are
specified the several topics or heads of signification, under which the words have
been arranged. By the aid of this table, the reader will, with a little practice,
readily discover the place which the particular topic he is in search of occupies in
the series; and on turning to the page in the body of the work which contains it,
he will find the group of expressions he requires, out of which he may cull those
that are most appropriate to his purpose. For the convenience of reference, I
have designated each separate group or heading by a particular number; so that
if, during the search, any doubt or difficulty should occur, recourse may be had to
the copious alphabetical Index of words at the end of the volume, which will at
once indicate the number of the required group. 2
The object I have proposed to myself in this work would have been but imper-
fectly, attained if I had confined myself to a mere catalogue of words, and had
omitted the numerous phrases and forms of expression composed of several words,
which are of such frequent use as to entitle them to rank among the constituent
parts of the language. 3 Very few of these verbal combinations, so essential to the
knowledge of our native tongue, and so profusely abounding in its daily use, are
to be met with in ordinary dictionaries. These phrases and forms of expression
I have endeavored diligently to collect and to insert in their proper places, under
the general ideas that they are designed to convey. Some of these conventional
forms, indeed, partake of the nature of proverbial expressions ; but actual proverbs,
as such, being wholly of a didactic character, do not come within the scope of the
present work; and the reader must therefore not expect to find them here in-
serted. 4 . . .
It is hardly possible to find two words having in all respects the same meaning,
and being therefore interchangeable; that is, admitting of being employed indis-
criminately, the one or the other, in all their applications. The investigation of the
distinctions to be drawn between words apparently synonymous forms a separate
branch of inquiry, which I have not presumed here to enter upon; for the subject
has already occupied the attention of much abler critics than myself, and its complete
exhaustion would require the devotion of a whole life. The purpose of this work,
it must be borne in mind, is, not to explain the signification of words, but simply
to classify and arrange them according to the sense in which they are now used,
and which I presume to be already known to the reader. I enter into no inquiry
into the changes of meaning they may have undergone in the course of time. 5 I am
1 It must necessarily happen in every system of classification framed with this view, that ideas
and expressions arranged under one class must include also ideas relating to another class ; for
the operations of the Intellect^ generally involve also those of the Will, and vice versa; and our
Affections and Emotions, in like manner, generally imply the agency both of the Intellect and of
the Will. All that can be effected, therefore, is to arrange the words according to the principal
or dominant idea they convey. Teaching, for example, although a Voluntary act, relates prima-
rily to the Communication of Ideas, and is accordingly placed at No. 537, under Class IV, Divi-
sion (II). On the other hand, Choice, Conduct, Skill, etc., although implying the co-operation
of Voluntary with Intellectual acts, relate principally to the former, and are therefore arranged
under Class V.
2 It often happens that the same word admits of various applications, or may be used in differ-
ent senses. In consulting the Index the reader will be^ guided to the number of the heading
under which that word, in each particular acceptation, will be found, by means of supplementary
words; which words, however, are not to be understood as explaining the meaning of the word
to which they are annexed, but only as assisting in the required reference. ...
3 For example : To take time by the forelock ; to turn over a new leaf ; to show the white
feather ; to have a finger in the pie ; to let the cat out of the bag ; to take care of number
one; to kill two birds with one stone, etc,
* See Trench, On the Lessons in Proverbs.
5 Such changes are innumerable : for instance, the words tyrant, parasite, sophist, churl, knave,
villain, anciently conveyed no opprobrious meaning. Impertinent merely expressed irrelative;
and implied neither rudeness nor intrusion, as it does at present. Indifferent originally meant
Introduction xii
content to accept them at the value of their present currency, and have no concern
with their etymologies, or with the history of their transformations ; far less do I
venture to thread the mazes of the vast labyrinth into which I should be led by
any attempt at a general discrimination of synonyms. The difficulties I have had to
contend with have already been sufficiently great, without this addition to my labors.
The most cursory glance over the pages of a dictionary will show that a great
number of words are used in various senses, sometimes distinguished by slight
shades of difference, but often diverging widely from their primary signification,
and even, in some cases, bearing to it no perceptible relation. It may even happen
that the very same word has two significations quite opposite to one another. This
is the case with the verb to cleave, which means to adhere tenaciously, and also to
separate by a blow. To propugn sometimes expresses to attack; at other times to
defend. To let is to hinder, as well as to permit. To ravel means both to entangle and
to disentangle. Shameful and shameless are nearly synonymous. Priceless may
either mean invaluable or of no value. Nervous is used sometimes for strong, at other
times for weak. The alphabetical Index at the end of this work sufficiently .shows
the multiplicity of uses to which, by the elasticity of language, the meaning of
words has been stretched, so as to adapt them to a great variety of modified sig-
nifications in subservience to the nicer shades of thought, which, under peculiarity
of circumstances, require corresponding expression. Words thus admitting of
different meanings have therefore to be arranged under each of the respective
heads corresponding to these various acceptations. There are many words, again,
which express ideas compounded of two elementary ideas belonging to different
classes. It is therefore necessary to place these words respectively under each of
the generic heads to which they relate. The necessity of these repetitions is
increased by the circumstance, that ideas included under one class are often con-
nected by relations of the same kind as the ideas which belong to another class.
Thus we find the same relations of order and of quantity existing among the ideas
of Time as well as those of Space. Sequence in the one is denoted by the same
terms as sequence in the other; and the measures of time also express the measures
of space. The cause and the effect are often designated by the same word. The
word Sound, for instance, denotes both the impression made upon the ear by
sonorous vibrations, and also the vibrations themselves, which are the cause or ,
source of that impression. Mixture is used for the act of mixing, as well as for the
product of that operation. Taste and Smell express both the sensations and the
qualities of material bodies giving rise to them. Thought is the act of thinking ; but
the same word denotes also the idea resulting from that act. Judgment is the act
of deciding, and also the decision come to. Purchase is the acquisition of a thing
by payment, as well as the thing itself so acquired. Speech is both the act of speak-
ing and the words spoken ; and so on with regard to an endless multiplicity of words.
Mind is essentially distinct from Matter; and yet, in all languages, the attributes
of the one are metaphorically transferred to those of the other. Matter, in all its
forms, is endowed by the figurative genius of every language with the functions
which pertain to intellect; and we perpetually talk of its phenomena and of its
powers, as if they resulted from the voluntary influence of one body on another,
acting and reacting, impelling and being impelled, controlling and being controlled,
as if animated by spontaneous energies and guided by specific intentions. On the
other hand, expressions, of which the primary signification refers exclusively to the
properties and actions of matter, are metaphorically applied to the phenomena of
thought and volition, and even to the feelings and passions of the soul ; and speaking
of a ray of hope, a shade of doubt, a flight of fancy, a flash of wit, the warmth of
emotion, or the ebullitions of anger, we are scarcely conscious that we are employ-
ing metaphors which have this material origin.
impartial; extravagant was simple digressive; and to prevent was properly to precede and assist.
The old translations of the B Scriptures furnish many striking examples 01 the alterations which
time lias brought in the signification of words. Much curious information on this subject is
in Trench's Lectures on the Study of Words.
xiii Introduction
As a general rule, I have deemed it incumbent on me to place words and phrases
which appertain more especially to one head, also under the other heads to which
they have a relation, whenever it appeared to me that this repetition would suit
the convenience of the inquirer, and spare him the trouble of turning to other parts
of the work; for I have always preferred to subject myself to the imputation of
redundance, rather than incur the reproach of insufficiency. 1 When, however,,
the divergence of the associated from the primary idea is sufficiently -marked, I
have contented myself with making a reference to the place where the modified
signification will be found. But in order to prevent needless extension, I have, in
general, omitted conjugate words 2 which are so obviously derivable from those that
are given in the same place, that the reader may safely be left to form them for
himself. This is the case with adverbs derived from adjectives by the simple addi-
tion of the terminal syllable -ly; such as closely, carefully, safely, etc., from close,
careful, safe, etc., and also with adjectives or participles immediately derived from
the verbs which are already given. In all such cases, an "etc/ 7 indicates that
reference is understood to be made to these roots. . . .
There are a multitude of words of a specific character which, although they
properly occupy places in the columns of a dictionary, yet, having no relation to
general ideas, do not come within the scope of this compilation, and are conse-
quently omitted. 8 The names of objects in Natural History, and technical terms
belonging exclusively to Science or to Art, or relating to particular operations,
and of which the signification is restricted to those specific objects, come under ^ this
category. Exceptions must, however, be made in favor of such words as admit of
metaphorical application to general subjects, with which custom has associated
them, and of which they may be cited as being typical or illustrative. Thus, the
word Lion will find a place under the head of Courage, of which it is regarded as the
type. Anchor, being emblematic of Hope, is introduced among the words express-
ing that emotion; and in like manner, butterfly and weathercock, which are sug-
gestive of fickleness, are included in the category of Irresolution.
With regard to the admission of ".many words and expressions, which the classi-
cal reader might be disposed to condemn as vulgarisms, or which he, perhaps,
might stigmatize as pertaining rather to the slang than to the legitimate language
of the day, I would beg to observe, that, having due regard to the uses to which
this work was to be adapted, I did not feel myself justified in excluding them solely
on that ground, if they possessed an acknowledged currency in general intercourse.
It is obvious that, with respect to degrees of conventionality, I could not have
attempted to draw any strict lines of demarcation ; and far less could I have pre-
sumed to erect any absolute standard of purity. My object, be it remembered, is
not to regulate the use of words, but simply to supply and to suggest such as may
be wanted on occasion, leaving the proper selection entirely to the discretion and
taste of the employer. 4 If a novelist or a dramatist, for example, proposed to
1 Frequent repetitions of the same series of expressions, accordingly, will be met with under
various headings. For example, the word Chance has two significations, distinct from one
another: the one implying the absence of an assignable cause; in which case it conies under
the category of the relation of Causation, and occupies the No. 156: the other, the absence of
design, in which latter sense it ranks under the operations of the Will, and has assigned to it
the place No. 621. I have, in like manner, distinguished Sensibility, Pleasure, Pain, Taste, etc.,
according as they relate to Physical, or to Moral Affections; the former being found at Nos. 375.
377, 378, 390, etc., and the latter at Nos. 822, 827, 828, 850, etc.
2 By "conjugate or paronymous words is meant, correctly speaking, different parts of speech
from the same root, which exactly correspond in point of meaning." A Selection of English
Synonyms, edited by Archbishop Whately.
3 [This rule was not in all cases rigorously observed by the author; and later editors have
included such words in the interest of the general writer.]
* [In keeping with the trend of the times the editors of subsequent editions have progres-
sively increased the space given over to colloquialisms, dialect terms and slang. The present
edition is almost as complete with respect to these much-neglected groups of words in our
language as with regard to standard expressions. All substandard or nonstandard terms, how-
ever, have been specially marked with appropriate labels.]
Introduction xlv
delineate some vulgar personage, he would wish to have the power of putting
into the mouth of the speaker expressions that would accord with his character;
just as the actor, to revert to a former comparison, who had to personate a
peasant, would choose for his attire the most homely garb, and would have just
reason to complain if the theatrical wardrobe furnished him with no suitable
costume. . . .
I have admitted a considerable number of words and phrases borrowed from
other languages, some of which may be considered as already naturalized; while
others, though avowedly foreign, are frequently employed in English composition,
particularly in familiar style, on account of their being peculiarly expressive, and
because we have no corresponding words of equal force in our own language. 1 The
rapid advances which are being made in scientific knowledge, and consequent im-
provement in all the arts of life, and the extension of those arts and sciences to
so many new purposes and objects, create a continual demand for the formation
of new terms to express new agencies, new wants, and new combinations. Such
terms, from being at first merely technical, are rendered, by more general use,
familiar to the multitude, and having a well-defined acceptation, are eventually
incorporated into the language, which they contribute to enlarge and to enrich.
Neologies of this kind are perfectly legitimate, and highly advantageous ; and they
necessarily introduce those gradual and progressive changes which every language
is destined to undergo. 2 , . .
A work constructed on the plan of classification I have proposed might, if ably
executed, be of great value, in tending to limit the fluctuations to which language
has always been subject, by establishing an authoritative standard for its regula-
tion. Future historians, philologists, and lexicographers, when investigating the
period when new words were introduced, or discussing the import given at the
present time to the old, might find their labors lightened by being enabled to
appeal to such a standard, instead of having to search for data among the scattered
writings of the age. Nor would its utility be confined to a single language ; for the
principles of its construction are universally applicable to all languages, whether
living or dead. On the same plan of classification there might be formed a French,
a German, a Latin, or a Greek Thesaurus, possessing, in their respective spheres,
the same advantages as those of the English model. 3 Still more useful would be a
conjunction of these methodized compilations in two languages, the French and
English, for instance; the columns of each being placed in parallel juxtaposition.
No means yet devised would so greatly facilitate the acquisition of the one language,
by those who are acquainted with the other : none would afford such ample assist-
ance to the translator in either language ; and none would supply such ready and
effectual means of instituting an accurate comparison between them, and of fairly
appreciating their respective merits and defects. In a still higher degree would
all those advantages be combined and multiplied in a Polyglot Lexicon constructed
on this system.
Metaphysicians engaged in the more profound investigation of the Philosophy
of Language will be materially assisted by having the ground thus prepared for
them, in a previous analysis and classification of our ideas ; for such classification
of ideas is the true basis on which words, which are their symbols, should be classi-
1 All these words and phrases are printed in Italics.
- Thus, in framing the present classification, I have frequently felt the want of substantive
terms corresponding to abstract qualities or ideas denoted by certain adjectives; and have been
often tempted to invent words that might express these abstractions : but I have yielded to this
temptation only in the four following instances; having framed from the adjectives irrelative,
amorphous, sinistral, and gaseous, the abstract nouns irrelation, amorphism, sinistrality, and
gaseity. I have ventured also to introduce the adjective inter social, to express the active voluntary-
relations between man and man. [Note that all these words have become fairly generally
accepted.]
s [Similar works in other languages have since appeared, notably Dictionnaire Ideologique by
T. Robertson (Paris, 1859) ; DeuUcher Sprachschatz by D. Sanders (Hamburg, 1878), and
Deutscher Wortschate, oder Der passende Ausdrwk by A. Schelling (Stuttgart, 1892).]
xv Introduction
fied. 1 It is by such analysis alone that we can arrive at a clear perception of the
relation which these symbols bear to their corresponding ideas, or can obtain a
correct knowledge of the elements which enter into the formation of compound
ideas, and of the exclusions by which we arrive at the abstractions so perpetually
resorted to in the process of reasoning, and in the communication of our thoughts.
Lastly, such analyses alone can determine the principles on which a strictly
Philosophical Language might be constructed. The probable result of the construc-
tion of such a language would be its eventual adoption by every civilized nation ;
thus realizing that splendid aspiration of philanthropists, the establishment of a
Universal Language. However Utopian such a project may appear to the present
generation, and however abortive may have been the former endeavors of Bishop
VVilkins and others to realize it, 2 its accomplishment is surely not beset with greater
difficulties than have impeded the progress to many other beneficial objects, which
in former times appeared to be no less visionary, and which yet were successfully
achieved, in later ages, by the continued and persevering exertions of the human
intellect. Is there at the present day, then, any ground for despair, that at some
future stage of that higher civilization to which we trust the world is gradually
tending, some new and bolder effort of genius towards the solution of this great
problem may be crowned with success, and compass an object of such vast and
paramount utility? Nothing, indeed, would conduce more directly to bring about a
golden age of union and harmony among the several nations and races of mankind
than the removal of that barrier to the interchange of thought and mutual ^good
understanding between man and man, which is now interposed by the diversity of
their respective languages.
P. M. ROGET.
1 The principle by which I have been guided in framing my verbal classification is the same as
that which is employed in the various departments of Natural History. Thus the sectional
divisions I have formed, correspond to Natural Families in Botany and Zoology, and the filiation
of words presents a network analogous to the natural filiation of plants or animals.
The following are the only publications that have come to my knowledge in which any attempt
has been made to construct a systematic arrangement of ideas with a _yiew to their expression.
The earliest of these, supposed to be at least nine hundred years old, is the AMERA C6SHA, or
Vocabulary of the Sanscrit Language, by Amera Sanha, of which an English translation, by the
late Henry T. Colebrooke, was printed at Serampoor, in the year 1808. The classification of
words is there, as might be expected, exceedingly imperfect and confused, especially in all that
relates to abstract ideas or mental operations. This will be apparent from the very ^ title of the
first section, which comprehends "Heaven, Gods, Demons, Fire, Air, Velocity, Eternity, Much ;
while Sin, Virtue, Happiness, Destiny, Cause, Nature, Intellect, Reasoning, Knowledge, Senses,
Tastes, Odors, Colors, are all included and jumbled together in the fourth section. A more logical
order, however, pervades the sections relating to natural objects, such as Seas, Earth, Towns,
Plants, and Animals, which form separate classes ; exhibiting a remarkable effort at analysis at
o remote a period of Indian literature.
The well-known work of Bishop Wilkins, entitled, An Essay towards a Real Character and a
Philosophical Language, published in 1668, had for its object the formation of a system of sym :
bols which might serve as a universal language. It professed to be founded on a scheme ot
analysis of the things or notions to which names were to be assigned ; but notwithstanding the
immense labor and ingenuity expended in the construction of this system, it was soon found to
be far too abstruse and recondite for practical application.
In the year 1797, there appeared in Paris an anonymous work, entitled PASIGRAPHIE ou
premiers ilements du nouvel art-science d'ecrire et d'imprimer une langm de mamere a etre to et
entendu dans toute autre langue sans traduction" of which an edition m German was also pub-
lished It contains a great number of tabular schemes of categories ; all of which appear to be
excessively arbitrary and artificial, and extremely difficult of application, as well as of appre-
C 2 "The Languages," observes Home Tooke, "which are commonly used throughout the world,
are much more simple and easy, convenient and philosophical, than Wilkins's scheme for a .real
character; or than any other scheme that has been at any other time imagined or proposed lor
the purpose." ETrect Ilrepo^ra, p. 125,
SYNOPSIS OF CATEGORIES
Classes: L ABSTRACT RELATIONS; II. SPACE; III. MATTER; IV. IN-
TELLECT; V. VOLITION; VI. AFFECTIONS
CLASS ONE: Abstract relations
Section I. Existence
1. Being in the Abstract
r. Existence. 2. Nonexistence.
2. Being in the Concrete
3. Substantiality. 4. Unsubstantially.
3. Formal Existence
Internal conditions
5. Intrinsicality.
External conditions
6 Extrinsicality.
4. Modal Existence
Absolute
/. State.
Relative
8. Circumstance.
Section II. Relation
1. Absolute Relation
9. Relation. 10. Irrelation. n. Consan-
guinity. 12. Correlation. 13. Identity.
14. Contrariety. 15. Difference.
2. Continuous Relation
16. Uniformity. i6a. Nonuniformity,
3. Partial Relation
17. Similarity. 1 8. Dissimilarity.
19. Imitation. 20. Nonimitation.
21. Copy. 22. Prototype.
4. General Relation
23. Agreement. 24. Disagreement.
Section III. Quantity
1. Simple Quantity
25. Quantity. 26. Degree.
2. Comparative Quantity
27. Equality. 28, Inequality. 29. Mean.
30. Compensation.
Quantity by Comparison with a Standard
31. Greatness. 32. Smallness,
Quantity by Comparison with a Similar Object
33. Superiority. 34. Inferiority.
Changes in Quantity
35. Increase. 36. Decrease.
3. Conjunctive Quantity
37. Addition. 38. Deduction. 39. Ad-
junct. 39a. Decrement. 40. Remainder.
41. Mixture. 42. Simpleness. 43. Junc-
tion. 44, Disjunction. 45* Bond
xvii Synopsis
CLASS ONE (Continued)
46. Coherence. 47. Incoherence.
48. Combination. 49. Decomposition.
4. Concrete Quantity
50. Whole. 51. Part. 52. Completeness,
53. Incompleteness. 54. Composition.
55. Exclusion. 56. Component.
57. Extraneousness.
Section IV. Order
i. -Order in General
58. Order. 59. Disorder. 60. Arrange-
ment. 61. Derangement.
2. Consecutive Order
62. Precedence. 63. Sequence. 64. Pre-
cursor. 65. Sequel. 66. Beginning.
67. End. 68. Middle. 69. Continuity.
70. Discontinuity. 71. Term.
3. Collective Order
72. Assemblage. 73. Dispersion.
74. Focus.
4. Distributive Order
75. Class. 76. Inclusion. 77. Noninclu-
sion. 78. Generality. 79. Speciality,
5. Order as Regards Categories
80. Rule. 81. Multiformity. 82. Con-
formity 83. Unconformity.
Section V. Number
1. Number in the Abstract
84. Number. 85. Numeration. 86. List.
2. Determinate Number
87. Unity. 8/a. Zero. 88. Accompani-
ment. 89. Duality. 90. Duplication.
91. Bisection. 92. Triality. 93. Triplica-
tion. 94. Trisection. 95. Quaternity.
96. Quadruplication. 97. Quadrisection.
98. Five, etc. 99. Quinquesection, etc.
3. Indeterminate Number
loo. Plurality. 101, Fraction.
102. Numerousness. 103. Fewness.
104. Repetition. 105. Infinity.
Section VI. Time
1. Absolute Time
1 06. Time. 107. Timelessness. 108. Pe-
riod. 109. Course. io9a. Interim.
HO. Durability, in. Transience.
112. Perpetuity. 113. Instantaneity.
114. Chronometry. 115. Anachronism.
2. Relative Time
i. Time with Reference to Succession
1 1 6. Priority. 117. Posteriority.
118- Present Time. 119. Different Time.
120. Synchronism. 121. Futurity.
122. Preterition.
ii. Time with Reference to a Particular Period
123. Newness, 124. Oldness.
Divisions of the Day
125;. Morning 1 ; Noon. 126. Evening ; Night.
Synopsis xviii
CLASS ONE (Continued)
Divisions of the Year
I26a. Season,
Time of Life
127. Youth. 128. Age. 129. Youngling.
130. Elder. 131. Adulthood,
iii. Time with Reference to an Effect or Purpose
132. Earliness ; Punctuality. 133. Lateness.
134. Timeliness. 135. Untimeliness.
3. Recurrent Time
136. Frequency. 137. Infrequency.
138. Regularity of Recurrence; Periodicity.
139. Irregularity of Recurrence.
Section YLI. Change
1. Simple Change
140. Change. 141. Permanence.
142. Cessation. 143. Continuance.
144. Conversion. 145. Reversion.
146. Revolution. 147. Substitution.
148. Interchange.
2. Complex Change
149. Changeableness. 150, Stability.
Present Events
151. Eventuality.
Future Events
152. Imminence.
Section VIII. Causation
1. Constancy of Sequence in Events
153. Cause. 154. Effect. 155. Attribu-
tion. 156, Chance.
2. Connection between Cause and Effect
157. Potence. I57a. Electricity.
158. Impotence. 159. Strength.
I59a. Virility. 160. Weakness.
ioa. Effeminacy.
3. Power in Operation
161. Production. 162. Destruction.
163. Reproduction. 164. Producer.
165. Destroyer. 166. Ancestry.
167. Posterity. 168. Productiveness.
169. Unproductiveness. 170. Agency.
171. Energy. 172. Inertness. 173. Vio-
lence. 174. Moderation.
4. Indirect Power
175. Influence. I75a. Noninfluence.
176. Tendency. 177. Liability.
5. Combination of Causes
178. Concurrence. 179. Counteraction.
CLASS TWO: Space
Section I. Space in General
1. Abstract Space
180. Space. i8oa. Inextension. 181. Re-
gion. 182. Country. 183. The Country,
2. Relative Space
184. Location. 185. Dislocation.
3. Existence in Space
186. Presence. 187. Absence, 188. In-
Synopsis
CLASS TWO (Continued')
habitant. 189. Abode. 190. Contents.
igi. Receptacle.
Section II. Dimensions
1. General Dimensions
192. Size. 193. Littleness. 194. Expan-
sion. 195. Contraction. 196. Distance.
197. Nearness. 198. Interval. 199. Con-
tiguity.
2. Linear Dimensions
200. Length. 201. Shortness.
202. Breadth ; Thickness, 203. Narrow-
ness ; Thinness. 204. Layer. 205. Fila-
ment. 206. Height. 207. Lowness.
208. Depth. 209. Shallowness. 210. Sum-
mit. 211. Base. 212. Vertically.
213. Horizon tality. 214. Pendency.
215. Support. 216. Parallelism. 217. Ob-
liquity. 218. Inversion. 219. Crossing.
3. Centrical Dimensions
i. General Centrical Dimensions
220. Exteriority. 221. Interiority.
222. Centrality. 223. Covering. 224. Lin-
ing. 225. Investment. 226. Divestment.
227. Circumjacence. 228. Interjacence.
229. Circumscription. 230. Outline.
231. Edge, 232. Enclosure. 233. Limit.
ii. Special Centrical Dimensions
234. Front. 235. Rear. 236. Side.
237. Contraposition. 238. Dextrality.
239. Sinistrality.
Section III. Form
1. General Form
240. Form. 241. Formlessness.
242. Symmetry. 243. Distortion.
2. Special Form
244. Angularity. 245. Curvature.
246. Straightness. 247. Circularity.
248. Convolution. 249. Rotundity.
3. Superficial Form
250. Convexity. 251. Flatness. 252. Con-
cavity. 253. Sharpness. 254. Bluntness.
255. Smoothness, 256. Roughness.
257. Notch. 258. Fold. 259. Furrow.
260. Opening. 261, Closure. 262. Per-
forator. 263. Stopper.
Section IV. Motion
1. Motion in General
264. Motion. 265. Quiescence.
266. Travel. 267. Navigation.
267a. Aeronautics. 268. Traveler.
269. Mariner. 26ga. Aeronaut,
270. Transference. 271. Carrier.
272. Vehicle. 273. Ship. 273a. Aircraft.
2. Degrees of Motion
274. Velocity. 275. Slowness,
3. Motion Conjoined with Force
276. Impulse. 277; Recoil.
Synopsis
XX
CLASS TWO (Continued)
4. Motion with Reference to Direction
278. Direction. 279. Deviation. 280. Pre-
cession. 281. Sequence. 282. Progression.
283. Regression. 284. Propulsion.
285. Traction. 286. Approach. 287. Re-
cession. 288. Attraction. 289. Repulsion.
290. Convergence. 291. Divergence.
292. Arrival. 293. Departure. 294. In-
gress. 295. Egress. 296. Reception.
297. Ejection. 298. Eating. 299. Excre-
tion. 300. Insertion. 301. Extraction.
302. Passage. 303. Overrunning.
304. Shortcoming. 305. Ascent.
306. Descent. 307. Elevation. 308, De-
pression. 309. Leap. 310. Plunge.
311. Circuity. 312. Rotation. 313. Evo-
lution. 314. Oscillation. 315. Agitation.
CLASS THREE: Matter
Section I. Matter in General
316. Materiality. 317. Immateriality.
318. World. 319. Gravity. 320. Levity.
Section II. Inorganic Matter
r. Solid Matter
321. Density, 322. Rarity. 323. Hard-
ness. 324. Softness. 325. Elasticity.
326. Inelasticity. 327. Toughness.
328* Brittleness. 329. Texture. 330. Pul-
verulence. 331. Friction. 332. Lubrica-
tion.
2. Fluid Matter
i. Fluids in General
333. Fluidity. 334. Gaseity. 335. Lique-
faction. 336. Vaporization.
ii. Specific Fluids
337. Water. 338. Air. 339. Moisture.
340. Dryness, 341. Ocean. 342. Land.
343. Inlet ; Gull 343a. Lake ; Pool.
344. Plain. 345. Marsh. 346. Island,
iii. Fluids in Motion
347. Flow. 348. Stream. 349. Wind.
350. Conduit. 351. Air Passage.
3. Imperfect Fluids
352. Semiliquidity. 353. Bubble; Cloud.
354. Pulpiness. 355. Unctuousness.
356. Oil. 356a. Resin.
Section III. Organic Matter
I. Vitality
i. Vitality in General
357- Organic Matter. 358. Inorganic Mat-
ter. 359. Life. 360. Death. 361. Killing.
362. Corpse, 363, Interment,
ii. Special Vitality
364. Animality. 365. Vegetation.
366. Animals. 367. Vegetables. 368. Zo-
ology. 369. Botany. 370. Animal Culture.
xxl Synopsis
CLASS THREE (Continued)
371. Agriculture. 372. Mankind.
373. Male. 374. Female,
2. Sensation
i. Sensation in General
375. Physical Sensibility. 376. Physical
Insensibility. 377. Physical Pleasure.
3/8. Physical Pain,
ii. Special Sensation
(1) Touch
379. Touch. 380. Sensations of Touch.
381. Numbness.
(2) Heat
382. Heat. 383. Cold. 384. Calefaction.
385. Refrigeration. 386. Heater.
387. Cooler. 388. Fuel. 389. Thermom-
eter.
(3) Taste
390. Taste. 391. Insipidity. 392. Pun-
gency. 392a. Tobacco. 393. Condiment.
394. Savoriness. 395. Unsavoriness.
396. Sweetness. 397. Sourness.
(4) Smell
398. Odor. 399. Inodorousness.
400. Fragrance. 401. Fetor.
( 5 ) Sound
a. Sound in General
402. Sound. 403. Silence. 404. Loudness.
405. Faintness.
b. Specific Sounds
406. Snap. 407. Roll. 408. Resonance.
4o8a. Nonresonance. 409. Sibilation.
410. Stridor. 411. Cry. 412. Ululation.
c. Musical Sounds
413. Concord. 414. Discord. 415. Music.
416. Musician. 417. Musical Instruments.
d. Perception of Sound
418. Hearing. 419. Deafness.
(6) Light
a. Light in General
420. Light. 421. Darkness. 422. Dim-
ness. 423. Luminary. 424. Shade.
425. Transparency. 426. Opacity.
427. Semitransparency.
b. Specific Light
428, -Color. 429. Colorlessness.
430. Whiteness. 431. Blackness.
432. Grayness. 433. Brownness.
434. Redness. 435. Greenness. 436. Yel-
lowness. 437. Purpleness. 438. Blueness.
439. Orange, 440. Variegation.
44Oa. Discoloration.
c. Perception of Light
441. Vision. 442. Blindness. 443. De-
fective Vision. 444. Spectator. 445. Op-
tical Instruments. 446. Visibility.
447. Invisibility. 448. Appearance.
449. Disappearance.
Synopsis xxii
CLASS FOUR: Intellect
Division (I) Formation of Ideas
Section I Operations of Intellect in General
450. Intellect. 45oa. Absence of Intellect.
451. Thought. 452. Incogitance.
453. Idea. 454. Topic.
Section II. Precursory Conditions and Operations of Intellect
455. Curiosity. 456. Incuriosity.
457. Attention. 458. Inattention.
459. Care. 460. Neglect. 461. Inquiry.
462. Answer. 463. Experiment.
464. Comparison. 465. Discrimination.
465a. Indiscrimination. 466. Measurement.
Section III. Materials for Reasoning
467. Evidence. 468. Counterevidence.
469. Qualification.
Degrees of Evidence
470. Possibility. 471. Impossibility.
472. Probability. 473. Improbability.
474. Certainty. 475. Uncertainty.
Section IV. Reasoning Processes
476. Reasoning. 477. Sophistry.
477a. Intuition. 478. Demonstration.
479. Confutation.
Section V. Results of Reasoning
480: Judgment. 481. Misjudgment.
48ia. Discovery. 482. Overestimation,
483. Underestimation. 484. Belief.
485. Unbelief; Doubt. 486. Credulity.
487. Incredulity. 488. Assent. 489. Dis-
sent. ^49- Knowledge. 491. Ignorance.
492. Scholar. 493. Ignoramus.
494. Truth. 495. Error. 496. Maxim.
497. Absurdity.
Faculties
498. Intelligence; Wisdom. 499. Unintel-
ligence; Folly. 500. Sage. 501. Fool.
502. Sanity. 503. Insanity. 504. Madman.
Section VI. Extension of Thought
1. Extension of Thought to the Past
505. Memory. 506. Oblivion.
2. Extension of Thought to the Future
507. Expectation. 508. Inexpectation.
509. Disappointment. 510. Foresight.
511. Prediction. 512. Omen. 513. Oracle.
Section VII. Creative Thought
. . . /TTN 5 T 4- Supposition. 515. Imagination.
Division (II). Communication of Ideas
Section L Nature of Ideas Communicated
516. Meaning. 517. Unmeaning-ness.
518. Intelligibility. 519. Unintelligibility.
520. Equivocalness. 521. Figure of Speech.
522. Interpretation. 523. Misinterpreta-
tion. 524. Interpreter.
Section II. Modes of Communication
525. Manifestation. 526. Latency.
5-7. Information. 528. Concealment.
xxiii Synopsis
CLASS FOUR (Continued)
529. Disclosure. 530. Ambush; Hiding.
531. Publication. 532. News. 532a. Tele-
phone and Wireless Communication.
533. Secret. 534. Messenger. 535. Af-
firmation. 536. Negation. 537. Teaching.
538. Misteaching. 539. Learning,
540. Teacher. 541. Learner.
542. School. 543. Veracity. 544. False-
hood. 545. Deception. 54Sa. Undecep-
tion. 546. Untruth. 547. Dupe.
548. Deceiver. 549. Exaggeration,
Section III. Means of Communicating Ideas
1. Natural Means of Communicating Ideas
550. Indication. 551. Record. 552. Ob-
literation. 553. Recorder. 554. Repre-
sentation. 555. Misrepresentation.
x\rts of Design
556. Graphic Arts. 557. Sculpture.
558. Engraving. 559. Artist.
2. Conventional Means of Communicating Ideas
i. Language Generally
560. Language. 561. Letter. 562. Word.
563. Barbarianism ; Colloquialism.
564. Nomenclature. 565. Misnomer;
Anonymity. 566. Phrase. 567. Gram-
mar. 568. Ungrammaticism.
Style; Mode of Expression
569. Diction. 570. Perspicuity. 571. Im~
perspicuity. 572. Conciseness. 573. Dif-
fuseness. 574. Vigor. 575. Feebleness.
576. Plainness. 577. Ornament.
578. Elegance. 579. Inelegance,
ii. Spoken Language
580. Voice. 581. Aphonia. 582. Speech.
583. Imperfect Speech. 584. Loquacity.
585. Taciturnity. 586. Allocution.
587. Response. 588. Interlocution.
589. Soliloquy,
iii. Written Language
590. Writing. 591. Printing. 592. Cor-
respondence. 593. Book. 594. Descrip-
tion. 595. Dissertation. 596. Compen-
dium. 597. Poetry. 598. Prose.
599. Drama.
CLASS FIVE: Volition
Division (I). Individual Volition
Section I. Volition in General
i. Acts of Volition
600. Will. 601. Necessity. 602. Willing-
ness. 603. Unwillingness. 604. Resolu-
tion. 6o4a. Perseverance. 605. Irreso-
lution. 606. Obstinacy. 607. Tergiversa-
tion. 608. Caprice. 609. Choice.
6o9a. Choicelessness. 610. Rejection.
611. Predetermination. 612. Impulse.
613. Habit. 614. Want of Habit
Synopsis xxiv
CLASS FIVE (Continued')
2. Causes of Volition
615. Motive. 616. Dissuasion. 617. Al-
lurement. 618. Bribery. 619. Pretext
Section II. Prospective Volition
j. Concept! onal Volition
620. Intention. 621. Chance. 622. Pur-
suit. 623. Avoidance. 624. Abandonment.
625. Business. 626. Plan. 627. Way.
628. IMid-course. 629. Circuit. 630. Re-
quirement.
2. Subservience of Volition to Ends
a. Actual Subservience
631. Instrumentality. 632. Means.
633. Instrument. 634. Equipment.
635. Materials. 636. Store. 637. Pro-
vision. 638. Waste. 639. Sufficiency.
640. Insufficiency. 641. Redundance.
1). Degree of Subservience
642. Importance. 643. Unimportance.
644. Utility. 645. Inutility. 646. Expe-
dience. 647. Inexpedience. 648. Good-
ness. 649. Badness. 650. Perfection.
651. Imperfection. 652. Cleanness.
653. Uncleanness. 654. Health. 655. Dis-
ease. 656. Salubrity. 657. Insalubrity.
658. Improvement. 659. Deterioration.
660. Restoration. 661. Relapse.
662. Remedy. 663. Bane.
c. Contingent Subservience
664. Safety. 665. Danger. 666. Safe-
guard ; Refuge. 667. Source of Danger.
668. Warning. 669. Alarm. 670. Preser-
vation. 671. Escape. 672. Deliverance.
3. Precursory Measures
673. Preparation. 674. Nonpreparation.
675. Essay. 676. Undertaking. 677. Use.
678. Disuse. 679. Misuse.
Section III. Voluntary Action
1. Simple Voluntary Action
680. Action. 681. Inaction. 682. Activity.
683. Inactivity. 684. Haste. 685. Leisure.
686. Exertion. 687. Repose. 688. Fa-
tigue. 689. Refreshment. 690. Agent.
691. Workshop.
2. Complex Voluntary Action
692. Conduct 693. Direction. 694. Di-
rector. 695. Advice. 696. Council.
697. Precept. 698. Skill. 699. Unskillful-
ness. 700. Proficient. 701. Bungler.
702. Cunning. 703. Artlessness.
Section IV. Antagonism
1. Conditional Antagonism
704. Difficulty. 705. Facility.
2. Active Antagonism
706. Hindrance. 707. Aid. 708. Oppo-
sition. 7ocj. Co-operation. 710. Opponent.
7x1. Auxiliary. 712, Party. 713* Discord.
xxv Synopsis
CLASS FIVE (Continued)
714. Concord. 715. Defiance. 716. At-
tack. 717. Defense. 718. Retaliation.
719. Resistance. 720. Contention.
721. Peace. 722. Warfare. 723. Pacifica-
tion. 724. Mediation. 725. Submission.
726. Combatant. 727. Arms. 728. Arena.
Section V. Results of Action
729. Completion. 730. Noncompletion.
731. Success. 732. Failure. 733. Trophy.
734. Prosperity. 735. Adversity.
736. Mediocrity.
Division (II). Intersocial Volition
Section I. General Intersocial Volition
737. Authority. 738. Laxity. 739. Sever-
ity. 740. Lenity. 741. Command.
742. Disobedience. 743. Obedience.
744. Compulsion. 745. Master.
746. Servant. 747. Insignia of Authority.
748. Freedom. 749. Subjection.
750. Liberation. 751. Restraint.
752. Prison; Shackle. 753. Jailer.
754. Prisoner. 755. Commission.
756. Abrogation. 757. Resignation.
758. Consignee. 759. Deputy.
Section II. Special Intersocial Volition
760. Permission. 761. Prohibition.
762. Consent. 763. Offer. 764. Refusal.
765. Request. 766. Deprecation.
767. Petitioner.
Section III. Conditional Intersocial Volition
768. Promise. 769. Compact. 770. Con-
ditions. 771. Security. 772. Observance.
773. Nonobservance. 774. Compromise.
Section IV. Possessive Relations
1. Property in General
775. Acquisition. 776. Loss. 777. Pos-
session. 777a. Nonpossession. 778. Parti-
cipation. 779. Possessor. 780. Property.
781, Retention. 782. Relinquishment
2. Transfer of Property
783. Transfer. 784. Giving. 785. Receiv-
ing. 786. Apportionment. 787. Lending.
788. Borrowing. 789. Taking. 790. Res-
titution. 791. Theft. 792. Thief.
793. Booty.
3. Interchange of Property
794. Barter. 795. Purchase. 796. Sale.
797. Merchant. 798. Merchandise.
799. Mart.
4. Monetary Relations
800. Money. 80 1. Treasurer. 802. Treas-
ury. 803. Wealth. 804. Poverty.
805. Credit. 806. Debt. 807. Payment.
808. Nonpayment. 809. Expenditure.
810. Receipt. 8ri. Accounts. 812. Price.
813. Discount. 814. Dearness.
815. Cheapness. 816. Liberality.
Synopsis xxvi
CLASS FIVE (Continued)
817. Economy. 818. Prodigality.
819. Parsimony.
CLASS SIX: Affections
Section I. Affections General!}
820. Affection. 821. Feeling. 822. Sensi-
bility. 823. Insensibility. 824. Excitation.
825." Excitability. 826. Inexcitability.
Section II. Personal Affections
1. Passive Affections
827. Pleasure. 828. Pain. 829. Pleas-
urableness. 830. Painfulness. 831. Con-
tent. 832. Discontent. 833. Regret.
834. Relief. 835. Aggravation.
836. Cheerfulness. 837. Sadness.
838. Rejoicing. 839. Lamentation.
840. Amusement. 841. Weariness.
842. Wit. 843. Dullness. 844. Humorist.
2. Discriminative Affection b
845. Beauty. 846. Ugliness. 847. Orna-
mentation. 848. Blemish. 849. Simplicity.
850. Taste. 851. Vulgarity. 852. Fash-
ion. 853. Affectation. 854. Fop.
855. Ridiculousness. 856. Ridicule.
857. Laughingstock.
3. Prospective Affections
858. Hope. 859. Hopelessness. 860. Fear.
861. Courage. 862. Cowardice.
863. Rashness. 864. Caution. 865. De-
sire. 866. Indifference. 867. Dislike.
868. Fastidiousness. 869. Satiety.
4. Contemplative Affections
870. Wonder. 871. Unastonishment.
872. Prodigy.
5. Extrinsic Affections
873. Repute. 874. Disrepute. 875. No-
bility. 876. Commonalty. 877. Title.
878. Pricle. 879. Humility. 880, Vanity.
881. Modesty. 882. Ostentation.
883. Celebration. 884. Boasting.
885. Arrogance; Insolence. 886. Servility.
887. Bluster.
Section III. Sympathetic Affections
1. Social Affections
888. Friendship. 889. Enmity.
890. Friend. 891. Enemy. 892. Sociality.
893. Tnsociality. 894. Courtesy. 895. Dis-
courtesy. 896' Congratulation. 897. Love.
898. Hate. 899. Favorite. 900. Resent-
ment. 901. Ill-humor. 902. Love-making;
Endearment. 903. Marriage. 904. Celi-
bacy. 905. Divorce; Widowhood.
2. Diffusive Affections
906. Benevolence. 907. Malevolence.
908. Malediction. 909. Threat, 910. Mis-
anthropy. 911. Philanthropist. 912. Bene-
factor. 913. Evildoer.
xxvii Synopsis
CLASS SIX (Continued)
3. Special Sympathetic Affections
914. Pity. 9i4a. Pitilessness. 915. Con-
dolence.
4. Retrospective Sympathetic Affections
916. Gratitude. 917. Ingratitude.
918. Forgiveness. 919. Revenge.
920. Jealousy. 921. Envy.
Section IV. Moral Affections
1. Moral Obligations
922. Right. 923. Wrong. 924. Dueness.
925. Undueness. 926. Duty. 927. Dere-
liction of Duty.
2. Moral Sentiments
928. Respect. 929. Disrespect. 930. Con-
tempt. 931. Approbation. 932. Disappro-
bation, 933. Flattery. 934. Detraction.
935. Commander. 936. Detractor.
937- Vindication. 938. Accusation.
3. Moral Conditions
939. Probity. 940. Improbity. 941. Jus-
tice. 94ia. Injustice. 942. Unselfishness.
943. Selfishness. 944. Virtue. 945. Vice,
946, Innocence. 947. Guilt. 948. Good
Person. 949. Bad Person. 950. Peni-
tence. 951, Impenitence. 952. Atonement.
4. Moral Practice
953. Temperance. 954. Intemperance.
954a. Sensualist. 955. Asceticism.
956. Fasting. 957. Gluttony. 958. So-
briety. 959. Drunkenness. 960. Purity.
961. Impurity. 962. Libertine.
5. Moral Institutions
963. Legality. 964. Illegality. 965. Juris-
diction. 966. Tribunal. 967. Judge.
968. Lawyer, 969. Lawsuit. 970. Ac-
quittal. 971. Condemnation. 972. Pun-
ishment. 973. Reward. 974. Penalty.
975. Scourge,
ection V. Religious Affections
1. Superhuman Beings and Regions
976. Deity. 977. Angel 978. Satan.
979. Mythic and Pagan Deities. 980. Evil
Spirits. 98oa. Specter. 981. Heaven.
982. Hell.
2. Religious Doctrines
983. Theology. 983^ Orthodoxy.
984. Heterodoxy. 985. Revelation (Bibli-
cal). 986. Sacred Writings (non-Biblical).
3. Religious Sentiments
987. Piety. 988. Impiety. 989. Irreligion.
990. Worship. 991. Idolatry.
4. Occult Arts and Sciences
992. Sorcery. 9^3. Spell. 994. Esoteric
Sciences.
5. Religious Institutions
995. Churchdom. 996. Clergy.
997. Laity. 998. Rite. 999. Canonicals.
1000. Temple.
HOW TO USE THE BOOK
Always turn first to the Index Guide
The text part of the book consists of comprehensive lists of related words and
phrases. In one of these lists is the answer to your problem. The Index Guide can
direct you to the list you need.
TO FIND THE MOST FITTING WORD FOR A GIVEN IDEA
Look under any related term in the Index Guide for a
reference to the desired list.
Example: Suppose }ou are looking for a term to describe the performance of a poor
public speaker. The idea has something to do with "bad taste/' The Index Guide
tells you that bad taste in connection with "language" is listed in section 579.1
X
,-
578.1-5803 394"
578. Elegance uncouth or disagreeable .ords. word*
(Sec 579. Inelesance) tl"t break the teeth or dislocate the jaw;
affected elegance, euphuism, Marirusm,
i ri elegance. &&31> graceiuiness Congonsm , solecism etc. (ungrammati-
etc orf; , grace, rentiexl gracefulness or cliiii) sCJft, caconyni, slang etc 563; fus-
jjiopnety. propriety, refinement, dis- tian ctc (grandilociuencc) 5772, man-
crmiination. restraint , taste, good or fas- nenM etc (affectation) 853.
tidious taste, polish. Bmsh, distinction. 3> ine !e g ant speaker or writer, vuJ.
danty. purity , felicity, ease , simplicity. _ nan tar banan , racographef , euphuiat,
hamronious simplicity, balance, rhythm, Xiannw. Goneorist
s >rrtnietry. proportion, harmony . concin- 3 ad} , nc legant. tasteless, m bad taste.
mty, concmnation rare] . euphony, cu- offensive to ears po i lte> uncou th. low. vul-
phonia [rarej, euphonism; euphemism. g-i r) mdecorous, groiis, unseemly, nwle,
eopiiuisin. Atticism, Attic salt . clas,si- ^^ coarse( u ,, I>0 i ls h e d. uncourtly. im-
ctMit. classicahsn*. well-rounded or well- dignified, unrefined, impure, outlandish.
turned periods, flow ing periods . the right gl otesque bal barous< barbanc . barban-
ttotd m the right place an , unclassical, doggerel. tiionKret, in-
3, n. punst. cla>wctt, stylist correct, improper, cacographic(al) ,
3. v display elegance! etc n.. discritw- graceles*. ungraceful . harsh, abrupt , dry,
mate mctly, flow smoothly or with case, ponderous, lalxircd. forced, cramped.
point an antithesis round a period st iff, formal (juindi [F 1, affected, man-
jf. ad } elegant, proper, correct, appro- nered> art ificial. aw kward. halting . Con-
priat*". seemly, comely tasteful refined, goret or gongonrtw, Gongoresqtw : sota-
rest rained polished, simple, chaste, pure. clstlc etc ( an gmntical ) 568 3 . slanjry
arrtsticfal). Attic. Ciceronian. Saxbn. tc (barbarovis) 563 15, 16. turgid etc
-lonlemicfa!}. classic(al), classicistic . (grandiloquent) 5777, malaproiswn etc.
enncmnate concmnoua (rare | . graceful. 5(5-3
osy readable fluent, nownng tripping; ,go Voice
milronic(al).euijhontic [r'arel .cuphe- i M \oice, for fL ]. vote (It ] vr>-
mistic(al). euphuistic(al); felicitous, cality. vocal, vocal sound; good voice,
hajip\ neat, well of neatly put or x- loud or powerful voice (sec loud, jxAver-
presscd M etc 4048), mtwical etc voite (set
. , ... -XTTSN Tntlr cnnce musical etc 4U z~} , unmttoical etc voice
backwardation
b*cfcw**b 26;a
backwater 183 :
in backdate:
SWTO
backway
covert a>
pash 6-'7-2
baclrwooa, baci
ait i?33
backwoods n i
(mtand r j
tac&woodsDtu
bclnettter Jl
tovaa atjSjJ
bacteria fungi
btr>ct4a! 6f
baetericjde ^.2
bactiologit 3
SSS
b* habtt <irt """V
4 r< fexd tenor, Mot ho* t
13.1 mour <JOI J
VittlSsm 8434
banter 85*1 1
bad influence 649 1
(evil spirit 980 s)
94 bad lurk 733 3
badly 6M ii
oa4 fcjidly off .,,__,
unfortunate 7359
3 1 poor 804 7 '"
bid manners 805 I
bidmtecen 40.*!
\jt (painfu<ties SjatJ
n _ fjnabTOtgHCt 907.l)
"^Z> lntlc anc (tee unmusical etc 4144), h&rt.h etc.
CSfn inelegance, inelegancy, want of tion. tone of voice etc (lone) 402 2
eldbiKej etc ^78. tnsteiessneas etc. ad) , * " vocnl organs, organs of speech,
twtVCTtnacI taatefc vtilcantj, vulgarism, vo ^ cavities, glottis, \ocal chink, voice
*titgar iptsxh or writing, barbarism. ^* larynx, oyrmx. \twal -AC, vocal
Gotiiicun, impropriety impurity , cacol- cords or bands, \ocalhps \ ocal proceskci.,
ogy . cacoeiw mtenrointnoanon , wor die- vocal folds . lungs etc 340 1 9
boil, had Hjeaking or pronnciatm jxior 3- uttcranof or utttnuiey vocal ut-
choKe uf \\onls , caaigraphy incorrect or terance or expression votaltn'.uiim Uicu-
bad writing, loose or slipshod construe- t>n. exprcwdii. voitc. tongue, prolation
nun, JWbafanced sentences; cacoi>houy, [ h s> > f^n.itton auicul.vtum. artitubte
_ Mittncl enunciation ])ritiniiKKition or-
8 bad-tempered 901 7
7 7 bad time* 7354
10 Baedeker
604 itinerary^ ? 7
ituideboofc 694 7 /
x batUfter S 'S^/
S7* Let your speech be always with 5 race sea- ^^' '*S^ t ^^^^.^^t^T
iurted ith salt. BIHLK. 1 wuuld ailvii* """ '= "' NK.CLH. MMC "i ^ IK -" >- x *
tboic who do not sjwaVs clepmly i to >]'* prcswwi. manner of speakmj;. <khvirv,
ataJt CHEstaiFii'iu llegant a Mmplic- attatk, (Itstmctnei* or (.learnt ss o nrticti-
J79*ThouRh l"b*'~rucle in speech Biste. ete S& 3
*^^'ift 1 pr^^e'^&HAKKs 1 ^liABfc Jft Out erf the ahtimfaiKe of the heart the
To speak and to offend, wtfh onw ptorHt, aw ni.oth (txtUUi'-limus, Hnw wcIy
but one and the *ae thing^-U BKUVtws. tound* tbc \*n. of wd wwnan -ltAMX-
Turning to that section you find a variety of terms, one or several of which are
applicable to your speaker. Now you can complain about his vulgarity, his poor
diction, his slipshod constructions, and so on.
xxviii
XXIX
How to Use the Book
TO FIND A BETTER WORD TO TAKE THE PLACE OF ONE THAT IS GIVEN
Look under the less satisfactory term in the Index Guide
for references to suitable lists.
Example: Suppose you wish to describe somebody's behavior as "foolish" but you
feel that that term is somewhat flat. Under the word foolish in the Index Guide
you find several references. "Foolish" in the sense of "absurd" looks more promising
than "foolish" in the sense of "silly" which would seem to apply to the person
/rtfiower ~~~
,-
497.1-498.3 336
piece of stupidity, W/<r (F J ; nonsense, tliat's a laugh', that slays or kills me!
nonsensicahty . Muff, stuff and nonsense ; (all slang).
inconsistency, obvious inconsistency, ri-
diculous incongruity, self-eontradiction. ^g Intelligence, Wisdom
S^ SSutSS^iSf. stu!ti,uence &* VwaO^a^ PoHy)
(rare), futility, nugacity. ineptitude. ab- i. . intelligence, intelhgency [now
surdnm ( L J , bathes, anticlimax, conic- rare) ; capacity, mental capacity, capacity
down of UK mmd, capacity to know er spore-
ludjcroti'sness. comicality etc, (rklicu' hend, reach or conipas* o mind, caliber;
foiisness) 855, inooiislunc. fiddle-faddle power of conceiving. * judging or rca-
[co!l. J etc 517 2 , sophism, unreasonable- somng. intellectual power, faculty of un-
ness, irrationality etc 477 i. J.extraia- derstandmg, understanding:, t'ersinud
eancretc (exaggeration) 549, travesty. |G ], comprehension, apprehension,
parody etc (burlesque) 856 j . tomfool- gras.p of intellect; sabe, savvy [slang,
ery etc (buffoonery) 84.33; bowler US): docity [dial J. docility [now
| slang J. bull ett (blunder) 405-3- rare] , intellectual gifts or talents, parts,
3, v be absurd etc adj . commit an ab- wits , wit, mother wit, naturaJ or native
stjrduv, employ absurdity etc. ., pass wit or understanding . sense, senses; m-
fromtlw sublime to tlw ridiculous :rhap- telhgencc quotient, IQ.. mental ratio,
iodize. TOinaiKe . be ridiculous etc 855 3 . mental age ; mind, brains etc. (intellect }
jjla> the fool etc $f) 9. talk nonsense etc. 450, knowledge etc 490, information
5176, blunder etc 445 9 , joke, play prtc- etc. 527
tical jokei etc. 8428 a. . sagacity, sagaciousness. shrevid-
3. ii render alisur*! etc. <Mf;.. stultify; ness, acuteness etc. arf; ; mental acute-
make a fool ol. burlesque etc 856.4-6. ness, acuteness of mind, quickness or
Miccci-ior iSu
Ultcrpwt (15*)
(aciump^iiier US j
( tin r sue i tu/.-O
dimple S4' J
>ehwl 54y 4
devotee 840 19
iu't'r tt7 6
following ii, order 63
UotJuvver i8ij)
posterity "71
mutum 381,1
foUowmj urf;
MicCeedmg 635
later 1173
/ <oUy9A7
1 (unlwifSlnoi''
\foant inflame 1738
1 dupe 547 '}
behave locality
trifle 6.139
fool away
V.UK 638 a
squander 8183
fool tfrf; 4i.l5
fool duck 3ui
loottty
?Jtjv^W<> W '
httffwwcry &wj
<ool)urdihoo4 W>3 i
fOhardySt.37
m^n^te.yoofjyjimpid, silly, poppy- ment or penetration, keenness in intel-
cockish (coll | awnme, milwcile. crazy, lectual or practical matters, sharpness o
screwy Iskng, UJS-1. inane, inept, m- wit or intelligence. -acute discernment.
apt. fatuous, fatuitous. fantastical ). keen mental vision or penetration, pcne-
momtrous. preposterous, egregious, tration in perception. discernment or
flagrant, gross, outre | F 1 . extravagant, discrimination. nsEtive cleverness, ready
bombastic, inflated, high-flown, rhatwod- wit.
fcfalj. twarre. inconsistent, inconeru- acumen, gumption (colt and dial. I;
oiis. paradoxical , self-contradictory, self- perspicacity, perspicuity [erron.J, per-
wmullmp; stidtitiou!, |obs.J. stulty spicacy (ol.]; ponpicnce or percipien-
| nh> 1 . stultiloquent | rare } , amohtfforic ; cy. perception. a.ppercqjtion ; pcnetrat Jon,
ludicrous, farcical etc. (ridiculous) discernment : farsif htedncsi, long-sght-
8555. odd. grotesque etc. (unusual) edness . sohtilky, atilrtilty. subtlety: good
83.10. sophistical, irrational, unreason- mental capacity. bright mtdliRence. y>nt
able etc. 477.0. to: meamnKless etc. |F |. clear <v quick ihmking. quick part*.
517 8. 9 . tnmng etc. 643.1 1 cunning etc 70*; refinement etc. (taste)
5, m/. that** absurd! etc. orf;., non- 850; eagle eye etc. (eyes) 441.7-
sense ', stuff L stuff and nonsense!, fiddle- 3. . wisdom, wiscness. sameness etc.
<ke<ke!. nddle-faddle! (coHl. fiddle- </.; sapience, saf-acity etc. Aoar. Rood
sticks { { coll. I ; fud?c !. applesauce '. ba- or sound understa.n<15n^ ; rationality, re^-
loney!. raj/.berriesl [all slang. U.S.]; son. nawnabloi:seiisfr. good .corn-
pish', pish-pasht. poo 1 , prtoo!. pho!. mon or plain sense, horse sense Jcoll,
phohi [rarel. pooh!, pooh-pooli !. U.S.]. dw scnwof: judgment, good or
phooev! Jcoll.]. poof?, pugh!, pshaw!, soirndi<fenTent.soafidj>ce|ioH<rrea-
bah!, bosh! fcolU, balderdash!, hooey! soning. soundness of judgment, judicious-
i'towM?"'
(irrational 477 10)
tooJT&iiS 1 t * 73 J
be diirepuubltX
4z*j^-
rubbish!, rats! [slang], twaddle!, in 498. He is truly wist who Runs wisdom uom
off!, come off of it! [both slang] ; tell it ^eqmrrf OTcc'occurs^icfm ' \ho
to the irairines! [coll.} ; it is to laugh!, knows useful thing*, not many things, is wist
himself rather than to his behavior. The reference number 4974 takes you to a
list of adjectives from among which you can choose the most appropriate one. Now
you can state that the person's behavior was absurd, stupid, crazy, preposterous,
bizarre, and the like.
TO FIND THE CORRECT WORD FOR SOMETHING VAGUELY REMEMBERED IN ITS
ASSOCIATIONS
Look under an associated term in the Index Guide for a
reference to the required list.
Example: Suppose you recall vaguely that a certain individual holds some sort of
an academic title. Looking up doctor in the Index Guide you find a reference to
"academic degree 877.3." Reading through that paragraph you may suddenly feel
reminded of the title you are looking for. Now you can give the person his B.Ed.
(Bachelor of Education), his LL.D. (Doctor of Laws), or whatever else he happens
to have earned.
How to Use the Book xxx
TO FIND WORDS SUGGESTIVE OF NEW IDEAS ON A GIVEN SUBJECT
Look under related terms in the Index Guide for references
to the appropriate lists.
TO FIND WORDS WITH PECULIAR CONNOTATIONS AS COLLOQUIALISMS, SLANG,
DIALECT, ARCHAIC OR OBSOLETE EXPRESSIONS, BRITICISMS, MILITARY AND NAVAL
OR OTHERWISE TECHNICAL TERMS, ETC.
Look under the standard words in the Index Guide for
references to the lists in which a great many specialized
words can be found, all of them carefully distinguished by
an appropriate label.
TO FIND A FITTING QUOTATION ON A GIVEN SUBJECT
Look in the Index Guide for the reference to a list of related
expressions. Below that list you will find a selection of
choice quotations on the subject you have in mind.
WHATEVER THE PROBLEM
Look in the Index Guide for a reference to the list which
can supply the answer.
[For details on how to consult the Index Guide, see the note on p. 683.]
The lists are lists of nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc. and are so marked. Many
of them contain references to related lists which may be consulted if a still wider
choice of terms is desired. In the case of the poor public speaker of the first example
given above, you may feel that none of the terms in section 579.1 is quite satis-
factory. At the end of the paragraph, however, there are references to lists of
terms related to slang, affectation, grandiloquence, etc. It may be that the best
answer to your problem can be found in one of them.
Often a list of nouns or verbs or adjectives etc. contains the suggestion that
further words of the desired kind can be derived from lists of words of another
part of speech in the same section. For instance, in section 579.1 of the first example
above it is suggested that words like tastelessness can be derived from a good
many of the adjectives in section 579.3.
Note that there are generally several lists of the same part of speech in one section
but that the parts of speech appear always in the order n. t v., adj., adv., prep., conj.,
int.
It is often helpful to look through the lists of various parts of speech in a given
section, for by changing the construction one had in mind one may be able to express
one's thought more cogently with the help of a noun or a verb or the like instead of the
adjective or whatever else one had intended to use.
At times it is profitable to extend one's search to lists of terms expressing the
opposite of the original idea. Instead of saying, for instance, that something is
clear, it may be better^to say that it is not obscure. References to sections dealing
with opposite ideas will be found immediately below the sectional captions. (In
the same place there are often references to correlated sections.)
Note. The order of sections in this book follows the "logical" structure set up
by Peter Roget. It may be of interest to study this structure in the Synopsis of
Categories on pp. xvi to xxvii. A thorough grasp of the principle of Roget's
classification can facilitate the use of the book, for reference to the desired lists
of synonyms may occasionally be made from the Synopsis taken as an index of
subjects and sections instead of from the complete Index Guide,
THESAURUS
OF ENGLISH WORDS AND PHRASES
i. Existence
(See 2. Nonexistence)
, n. existence, being, entity, ens [L.],
nee, esse [L.], subsistence or subsist-
i ; hypaxis [rare] ; automaton ; life
359; substantiality etc. 3; presence
(existence in space) 186; coexistence
120.
, n. reality, actuality, actual existence,
uality, fact, the real know [slang,
.], positive fact, matter of fact, plain
ter of fact, "plain, plump fact"
owning) , naked fact, undeniable fact,
;e fact [coll.], stubborn fact, sober or
i reality, no joke, not a dream; true
s, what's what [coll.] ; basics, essen-
;, fundamentals, basic or essential
s, brass tacks [coll.], cases [slang,
.], turkey [coll., U.S. and Can.] ;
plete facts, whole story [coll.] ; fait
n-npli [F.] ; truth etc. 494.1 ; the real
3oy | slang, U.S.] etc. (the real
g) 494-4J certainty etc. 474.
, n. (science of existence) ontology,
aphysics, cosmology.
, v. exist, be, have being etc. n., sub-
stand, obtain, prevail, be the case, be
nits about it [coll.] ; have place, rank ;
dst, coincide, contemporize ; postex-
ogito ergo sum [I think, therefore I am],
ESCARTES. To be, or not to be : that is
question. SHAKESPEARE. Facts are
x>rn things. SMOLLET. To live is not
ly to breathe, it is to act ROUSSEAU.
>hor the dull routine of existence, A.
A.N DOYLE. Facts do not cease to exist
use they are ignored. HUXLEY. You
, alter facts by filming them over with
romances. DRINK WATER. Fact is
iger than fiction.
ist, pre-exist ; pass the time, vegetate ;
live, breathe etc. 359.6 ; abide, endure etc.
(be permanent) 141.4; be present etc.
186.8.
5. z: become, come into existence etc.
., see the light, see the light of day ; arise
etc. (begin) 66.5, 6; come forth etc. (ap-
pear) 446.2.
6. v. consist in, lie in, be comprised in,
be contained in, be constituted by.
7. adj. existing etc. v. f existent, in ex-
istence etc. n. ; subsistent, subsistential ;
extant, prevalent, current, afloat, on foot ;
under the sun, on the face of the world :
living etc. 359.10; present etc. 186.13.
8. adj. real, actual, factual ; positive,
absolute; self-existing, self-existent; es-
sential ; unideal, unimagined ; authentic,
valid etc. (true) 494.9, n, 13; substan-
tial etc. 3.4; tangible etc. 316.8.
9. adv. actually, really etc. adj. ; in fact,
in point of fact, as a matter of fact, de
facfo [L.], ipso facto [L.] , in actuality, in
reality; no buts about it [coll.], nothing
else but [slang] ; unquestionably, un-
doubtedly etc. (certainly) 474.16; really-
truly [coll.], indeed etc. (truly) 494.14.
2. Nonexistence
(See i. Existence)
i. w. nonexistence, inexisteiice, exist-
lessness, nonstibsistence, nonentity, non
esse [L.], nonbeing, nullity, nothingness,
oblivion, nirvana ; nihility, nihilism ; neg-
2. And through my Self, the deepest of the seas,
/ I strive to thee, Nirvana. LANIER. Into
the darkness they go t the wise and the lovely,
MTIJLAY,
2.1-4.2
ativeness, negation, negation of being;
abeyance or abeyancy; vacuity, blank,
void etc. (absence) 187; Unsubstantiality
etc. 4.
2. n. nothing, nil [L.], nihil [L.],
nlchts [G.], nix [slang], hike [slang],
naught or nought, none, nothing or none
whatever, nothing at all, nothing on earth
or under the sun, none in the world, no
such thing ; never a one, ne'er a one, nary
one [dial.] ; no thing, no degree, no part,
no quantity, not a blessed one [coll.], not
a particle etc. 32.2 ; no one, nobody, not
a soul; lowest point, nadir, scratch
[chiefly coll.], point of commencement;
goose egg [sports slang], cipher etc.
(zero) 87a; thing of naught etc. 4.2.
3. n. annihilation, obliteration etc. (ex-
tinction) 162.2,
4. v. not exist etc. 1.4, have no exist-
ence etc. i.i, be null and void etc. adj.
5. v. cease to exist etc. 1.4, become ex-
tinct etc. adj., come to nothing etc. n. t
cease, vanish, disappear, evaporate, fade,
fade out or away, fleet [arch.], fly, sink,
dissolve, melt away, die out or away, pass
away, pass out of the picture [coll.] , peter
out [coll.], peg out [slang], go, be no
more, leave no trace, 'leave not a rack
behind" (Shakespeare) ; perish etc.
162.5 ; die etc. 360.6.
6. v. render null etc. adj., nullify ; an-
nihilate, obliterate etc. (destroy) 162.4;
abrogate etc. 756.3.
7. adj. nonexistent, inexistent, non-
subsistent, existless ; null, void, null and
void ; minus, missing, omitted, negative ;
blank etc. (absent) 187.10, n.
8. adj. unreal, not real etc. 1.8 ; poten-
tial, virtual ; vain ; unsubstantial, chimeri-
cal etc. 4.5, 6; visionary, fabulous, ideal
etc. (imaginary) 515.12-14; suppositi-
tious etc. 514.9.
9. adj. unborn, uncreated, unbegotten,
unconceived, unproduced, unmade.
10. adj. extinct, no more, napoo
f slang], gone, all gone, all [dial., U.S.],
all over with, all up [coll.], all U.P.
[slang], done for [coll.], dead and done
for [coll.] , exhausted, petered out [coll.] ,
gone phut [slang, U.S.], lost, departed;
destroyed, perished etc. 162.7; defunct
etc. (dead) 360.8.
11. adv. none etc. 101.
3. And the Word was made flesh and dwelt
among us. BIBLE. Beware lest you lose the
substance by grasping at the shadow. AESOP.
3. Substantiality
(See 4. Unsubstantiality)
1. n. substantiality, substantialness,
substantivity ; concreteness, tangibility;
objectivity, objective reality; hypostasis,
substratum (pi. substrata), groundwork,
foundation; corporeity etc. (materiality)
316; essential nature, vital part etc. (es-
sence) 5.2; reality etc. (existence) I.
2. n. something, thing ; an existence, a
being; creature, critter [dial.]; body,
flesh and blood, person ; substance, object
etc. (matter) 316.2, 3.
3. n. (totality of existences) plenum
[L.] etc. (world) 318.
4. adj. substantial, substantive ; physi-
cal, bodily, personal ; hypostatic ( al ) ;
practical, effective ; right, sober ; well-
founded, well-grounded, sound, solid,
sturdy, stable; as big as life [coll.] ; cor-
poreal, tangible etc. (material) 316.8;
real etc. (existent) 1.7, 8.
5. adv. substantially, bodily etc. adj* ;
essentially etc. (intrinsically) 5.8.
4. Unsubstantiality
(See 3. Substantiality)
1. n. Unsubstantiality, insubstantiality,
unsubstantialness etc. adj^ unsubstantia-
tiou; incorporeity etc. (immateriality)
317; nothingness etc. (inexistence) 2.
2. n. thing of naught, nullity, nihility,
nonentity, obscurity; nominis umbra
[L.], vox et praeterea nihil [L.] ; cipher,
"an O without a figure" man of straw,
(Shakespeare) ; lay figure, puppet,
dummy; fagot or faggot voter [polit.
cant, Eng.] ; all talk, all talk and no cider
[coll., U.S.], all moonshine, all stuff and
nonsense, all tommyrot [slang] ; flash in
the pan, blank cartridge, dud [slang] ;
matter of no importance or consequence,
4. Who warms himself with unsubstantial
hopes. SOPHOCLES. Out of nothing nothing
can come, and nothing can become nothing.
PERSIUS. Nothing hath no savour. BECON.
We know not substance ; J mid the shades shad-
ows ourselves we live and die. R. BURTON.
I have heard that two negatives make an af-
firmative; but I never heard that two noth-
ings ever made anything. DUKE OF BUCKING-
HAM. Its glory is all moonshine. W. SHER-
MAN. Ex nihilo nihil [Nothing from noth-
ing].
3
a nobody etc. (unimportance) 643.3-6;
nothing etc. 2.2,
3. n. (something unsubstantial) shad-
ow, air, thin air, mockery, "such stuff as
dreams are made on" (Shakespeare) ; il-
lusion, phantom etc. (optical illusion)
443.9; fantasy, dream etc. (imagination)
515; Ignis fatuus [L.] etc. (lumines-
cence) 420.11; bubble etc, 353; incor-
poreal, incorporeal being etc. 317.2.
4. n. inanity, fatuity, fool's paradise.
5. adj. unsubstantial, insubstantial;
baseless, groundless, ungrounded, with-
out foundation ; nominal ; eviscerated ;
slight, fragile etc. (frail) 160.11; vacu-
ous, blank etc. (empty) 187.11 ; unreal
etc. 2.8; incorporeal etc. (immaterial)
317.6; inane, fatuitous etc. (nugatorv)
158.11. . . .
6. adj. chimerical, ethereal, airy, made
of empty air, gaseous, vaporous, impon-
derable, tenuous, gossamery, illusory,
shadowy, vague, in nubibus [L.] ; cloud-
built, cloud-formed; dreamy, dreamlike;
visionary etc. (imaginary) 515.1214;
spectral etc, c)8oa.4.
5. Intrinsicality
(See 6. Extrinsicality)
1. n. intrinsicality, intrinsicalness etc.
adj., inbeing, inherence, inhesion, imma-
nence, indwelling; subjectiveness, sub-
jectivity; egohood, egoity [rare] ; interi-
ority etc, 221.
2. n. essence, quintessence, elixir, sub-
stance ; essential, iprinciple, fundamental ;
true being, intrinsic truth, inmost nature,
inmost heart or soul, inner or esoteric
reality, essential nature, true inwardness,
center of life, vital principle, essential or
vital part; essential quality, suchness;
quid, quiddity; soul, spirit, spiritus [L.] ;
heart, heart's core, heart of hearts, secret
5. Magnets homines virtute tnetimur non for-
Hna [We estimate men as great not by their
wealth but by their virtue]. NEPOS. His
own character is the arbiter of every one's for-
tune. PUBULIUS, Who is It that can tell
me who I am ? -SHAKESPEARE. Vital spark
of heavenly flame. POPE. Character is
higher than intellect EMERSON. What is
bred in the bone will never come out of the
flesh. PILPAY. Dust thou art, to dust re-
turnest, / Was not spoken of the soul, LONG-
FELLOW. The all-important factor in na-
tional greatness is national f character. T,
ROOSEVELT. Temper my spirit, O Lord* /
Burn out its alloy. UNTER MEYER.
4.2-6.1
or inmost recesses of the heart, cockles
of the heart ; breast, bosom ; gist, jet, nub
[coll., U.S.], pith, core, kernel, nucleus,
flower, backbone ; marrow, sap ; lifeblood,
heartblood, heart's blood ; important part
etc. (salient point) 642.4; existence etc.
i ; truth etc. 494.
3. n. nature, constitution, character,
quality, property, crasis, diathesis, as-
pect ; 'temper, temperament; disposition,
habit, frame, cast, cue, mood, humor,
spirit, tone, grain, vein, streak, stripe ;
type, sort etc. (kind) 75.2; characteris-
tic etc. (particularity) 79.2 ; tendency etc,
176.
4. n. capacity, endowment ; size, speed
[both slang] ; capability etc. 157.2.
5. v. be intrinsic etc. adj., be or run in
the blood, be born so. be built that way
[slang, U.S.].
6. adj. intrinsic (al), immanent, native,
inherent, innate, inborn, inbred, incarnate,
indwelling-, infixed, inwrought, ingrained,
implanted, ingenerate, ingenit or mgenite
fobs.], indigenous, congenital, connate;
genetous, genetic; derived from within,
sub j ecti ve, nonob j ective ; idiocratic ( al ) ,
idiosyncratic (al ) .
native, natural, normal ; essential, fun-
damental, elementary, primary, basic,
basal, underlying, original, radical; in-
stinctive, bred in the bone, running in
the blood, in the grain etc. n.; hereditary,
inherited, to the manner born, coeval with
birth ; hematobious ; syngenetic, syn-
genic; thoroughbred, purebred, blue-
blooded, hot-blooded [turf cant] ; vir-
tual; inward etc. (internal) 221.9.
7. adj. characteristic etc. (peculiar)
79.8, (indicative) 550.21.
8. adv. intrinsically, essentially etc,
adj.; at bottom, in the main, in effect,
practically, virtually, substantially, per se,
ait fond [F.] ; fairly ; truly etc. 494.14-
6. Extrinsicality
(See 5. Intrinsicality; also
57. Extraneousness)
r. n. extrinskali ty, extrinsicalness, ob-
jectiveness etc. adj. ; non ego [L.] ; acci-
dent, contingency, accessory; modality;
extraneousness etc. 57; exteriority etc.
220.
6. Outside show 5s a poor substitute for inner
worth. AESOP. These but the trappings and
the suits of woe. SHAKESPEAFE.
6.2-9.4
2. adj. extrinsic (al), derived from
without, objective, added extrinsically,
adventitious, ascititious, adscititious, ac-
cidental, fortuitous, casual, incidental,
nonessential or unessential, supervenient,
accessory, contingent, subsidiary ; modal ;
extraneous etc. 57.4; outward etc. (ex-
terior) 220.7; circumstantial etc. 8,5.
7. State
1. n. state, condition, estate, lot, case;
form, shape [coll.], trim, fig [coll], fet-
tle, whack [slang], order, commission
[coll.], kilter or kelter [coll. or dial.],
way [coll.] ; fashion, style; mode, modal-
ity ; complexion, light, tone, tenor, turn ;
character, disposition, temper, mood ;
constitution, make-up [coll.] etc. 240;
plight etc. (predicament) 8.3.
2. v. fare, do, be in ~, possess or en-
joy a state etc., n., be on a footing; come
to pass.
3. adj. conditional, modal, formal;
structural etc. 240.9.
4. adv. etc. conditionally, provision-
ally ; provided etc. 8.8.
8. Circumstance
1. n. circumstance, situation, position,
status, standing, footing, posture, atti-
tude, place, point ; phase, phasis ; terms ;
regime; occurrence, go [coll.].
2. n. occasion, juncture, conjuncture;
contingency etc. (event) 151.1.
3. ;/. predicament, plight, pass, pickle
[chiefly coll.] ; fix, kettle of fish, go, how-
do-you-do, how-de-do, to-do [all coll.] ;
corner, hole etc. (bad predicament)
704.2 ; emergency, exigency etc. (crisis)
134.4; condition etc. (state) 7.
4. n. bearings, how the land lies.
5. adj. circumstantial, given, condi-
tional, provisional, limitative ; contingent,
incidental ; critical, crucial ; modal ; ad-
7. No one lives content with his condition.
HORACE. When in disgrace with fortune and
men's eyes / I all alone beweep my outcast
state. SHAKESPEARE. Along the cool se-
quester' d vale of life / They kept the noiseless
tenor of their way. GRAY. It is a condition
that confronts us not a theory. CLEVELAND.
Between the devil and the deep sea.
8. Men's plans should be regulated by the cir-
cumstances, not circumstances by the plans.
LWY. Fearful concatenation of circum-
stances. D. WEBSTER, ^Circumstances alter
cases. HALIBURTON. Circumstances are be-
4
ventitious etc. (extrinsic) 6.2; detailed,
minute etc. (special) 79.7.
6. adv. thus, thusly [coll.], in such
wise, thuswise, this-a-way [dial.], thus
and thus, thus and. so, so, so fashion
| dial, U.S.], just like that
7. adv. etc. accordingly, that being the
case, such being the case, that being so,
quae cum ita suit [L.J ; in or under the
circumstances or conditions, according to
circumstances or the occasion, as matters
stand, as the matter stands, as the case
may be, as it may be, as it may happen or
turn out, pro re nata [L.], as things go,
as times go, as the wind blows ; therefore
etc. (hence) 155.5; consequently etc.
154.7; seeing that etc. (since) 155.8.
^8. conj. etc. provided, it being pro-
vided, on condition, on or upon condition
that, with the stipulation or understand-
ing; if, if so, if so be [arch, and dial],
if case be [arch.] , if it be so, if it so hap-
pen or turn out; in case, just in case, in
case that, granting ^, allowing or sup-
posing that, in such a case, < ' contingency
or event; unless, except, without [now
chiefly dial.].
9. Relation
(See 10. Irrelation; also 12. Correlation)
1. n. relation, relationship, relative po-
sition; bearing, reference, concern, de-
pendence or dependency, interest, appli-
cability ; apposition, appositeness etc.
adj.", connection, tie-in [slang], associa-
tion, alliance, cognation, affinity, rapport,
homogeneity, homology; approximation
etc. (nearness) 197; kinship, filiation etc.
(consanguinity) 11 ; correlation etc. 12;
analogy etc. (similarity) 17; relevance
etc. 23.2; ratio, proportion etc. (compar-
ative relation) 464.
2. n. link, tie, bond of union etc.
(bond) 45.
3. v. be related etc. adj., have a relation
etc. n., connect, relate to, refer to, bear
upon, regard, concern, touch, affect, in-
terest, have to do with, tie in with [slang] ,
pertain to, appertain to, belong to, answer
to, correspond to.
4. v. relate, associate, connect, bring
yond the control of man ; but his conduct is in
his own power. DISRAELI.
9. Thereby hangs a tale. SHAKESPEARE. A
man is a bundle of relations, a knot of roots.
EMERSON.
9.4-11.1
into relation with, bring to bear upon;
parallel, parallelize, draw a parallel ; link
etc. 43.5, 6 ; compare etc. 464.2.
5. adj. relative, relational; relating to,
belonging to etc. v. ; relative to, in relation
with, referable or referrible to, pertinent
or appurtenant to, in common with ; cor-
relative etc. 12.6, 7.
6. adj. related, connected, implicated,
associated, affiliated, allied ; germane, ap-
posite; collateral, connate frare], cog-
nate, connatural, affinitive, paronymous,
equiparant ; congener [rare], congener-
ous, congeneric (al) ; in relation etc. n. }
in touch with; en rapport [F.], in rap-
port ; kindred, akin etc. (consanguineous)
11.7.
7. adj. approximative, approximating,
much of a muchness [coll.] ; proportional,
proportionate, proportionable ; allusive,
allusory [obs.] ; comparative, comparable
etc. 464.5, 6.
8. adj. relevant, applicable, pertinent
etc. (apt) 23.10; in the same category
etc. 75; like etc. 17.10-16.
9. adv. etc. relatively etc. adj., in a rela-
tive manner, in relation or respect to ; not
absolutely; pertinently etc. 23.13; com-
paratively etc, 464.7-
10. prep. etc. with relation to, with ref-
erence to, with regard to, in or with re-
spect to, in respect to or of, in connection
with, a propos [F.] or apropos of, speak-
ing of; as respects, as regards, as to, as
for; in point of, on the part of, on the
score of, in the matter of, in re [L.] }
quoad hoc [L.] ; concerning, touching
etc. v. ; about, anent ; concerning which,
in regard to which, on which ; whereon,
vvhereanent [chiefly Scot.], whereto,
whereunto, wherein, whereof; thereof
| obs.], therein, thereto, thereunto, there-
over, thereon [rare], thereby; under the
head of etc. (class) 75 ; by the way etc.
134.11.
10. Irrelation
(See 9. Relation)
i. n. irrelation, unrelatedness etc. adj.,
irrelevance or irrelevancy, impertinence,
nonpertinence, inapplicability, inconnec-
tion, inconsequence, independence, in-
commensurability ; disquiparancy, dis~
10. I do desire we may be better strangers.
SHAKESPEARE. She stood in tears amid the
alien corn. KEATS. But that's another
story. KIPLING.
quiparation; dissociation, disassociation ;
disagreement etc. 24; unconformity etc.
83; disconnection etc. (disjunction) 44;
heterogeneity, multifariousness etc. 81.
2. n. misrelation, misapplicability, mis-
reference, misalliance.
3. v. not concern etc. 9.3, have no con-
cern with, have no relation to, have no
bearing upon, have no business with or
there, have nothing to do with.
4. v. introduce irrelevantly, drag in,
work in, lug in, worm in, smuggle in,
foist in, run in, drag or lug in _by the
head and shoulders; interject, intrude
etc. 228.8, JO ; insert etc. 300.5.
5. adj. irrelative, unrelated, disrelated,
irrelate [rare] ; independent, irrespective
frare], unallied; unconnected, discon-
nected ; adrift, away from the point ; iso-
lated, insular ; arbitrary ; extraneous,
strange, outlandish, exotic [rare], alien;
foreign, furrin [dial], foreignistic
[coll.] ; not comparable, incommensur-
able, incommensurate ; discordant etc.
24.6, /; different etc. 15.7; heterogene-
ous, multifarious etc. (multiform) 81.2.3.
6. adj. irrelevant, inconsequent, inap-
plicable, impertinent, not pertinent etc.
23.10, inapposite; unessential, inessen-
tial, nonessential ; accidental ; without
connection, a propos de bottes [F.], be-
side the mark, ~ point, ~> purpose or
question, aside or aw r ay from the purpose,
< ' question, ~ transaction or point, noth-
ing to the point, nihti ad rein [L.] } not to
the purpose, traveling out of the record ;
disquiparant, not equiparant; inapt etc.
24.7 ; misplaced etc. (uncongenial) 24.8;
illogical etc. 477.10.
7. adj. remote, farfetched, out-of-the-
way, forced, neither here nor there, quite
another thing; detached, apart; segre-
gated, segregate.
8. adj. incidental, parenthetical, obiter
dictum [L.], episodic.
9. adv. etc. irrelevantly, irrespectively
etc. adj.; without reference or regard to;
ase[L.].'
10. adv. incidentally, parenthetically
etc. adj. ; by the way etc. 134.11.
ii. Consanguinity
Relation of Kindred. i. n. consan-
guinity, kinship, kindred ; relation, rela-
11. And hath made of one blood all nations
of men. BIBLE. A little more than kin and
11.1-118
tionship; blood relation or relationship,
blood, ties of blood, cognation, agnation,
connation fobs.] ; filiation, affiliation; al-
liance, connection, family connection or
tie; nepotism; ancestry etc. 166; poster-
ity etc. 167 ; family likeness etc. (connat-
uralness) 17.2,
2. ;;. brotherhood, fraternity ; sister-
hood, sorority [rare] ; cousinhood, cous-
inage [obs.].
3. n. kinsmen, kinsfolk, kinf oik [dial.],
kinfolks [dial.], kinspeople [U.S.], kin-
dred, kinnery [slang], kin, kith [arch.],
kith and kin, kith and kind [dial.], folks
[coll.], relatives, relations, people, con-
nections ; near relation, distant relation ;
german, germane; consanguine [rare],
consangttinean; blood, blood relation or
relative ; one's own flesh and blood ; next
of kin.
brother, bub [coll., U.S.], bud [dial
and coll.], buddy [coll., U.S.], br'er
[dial, South, U.S.], blood brother,
brother-german ; sister, sis [coll.], sissy
[coll.] , blood sister, sister-german ; uncle,
nunks or nunky [slang], nuncle [dial.] ;
aunt, nephew, niece ; cousin, cousin-ger-
man, first ^, second etc. cousin, cousin
once (twice etc.) removed, country cous-
in; in-law [coll.], brother-in-law, sister-
in-law, mother-in-law, father-in-law ;
father, mother etc. (parent) 166.5-9;
son, daughter etc. (offspring) 167.4.
4. n. race, generation [obs.], gens
[Rom. Hist,], people, family, house, clan,
tribe, nation ; nationality, gentility j stock,
lineage* strain etc, (extraction) 166.4;
Caucasian, Caucasian race etc. adj. ;
Scandinavian, Jew etc. (nationalities)
188.9.
5. IL family, household, homefolks
[coll.].
6* v. be related etc. adj., claim rela-
tionship with etc. n.
7. adj. consanguineous, consanguine,
cpnsanguinean ; related, kindred, akin,
sib [Scot, or arch.], of the blood, connate,
agnate, connate [rare] ; allied, affiliated ;
collateral; fraternal, sororal [rare] ; in-
timately or closely related, remotely or
distantly related; affinal; german, ger~
mane; connatural etc. 17.13.
8. adj. racial* tribal, national, family,
lineal ; phyletic, phylogenetic ; gentile,
gentilic, gentilitian, gentilitial, gentili-
tious ; Caucasian, Aryan, Mongolian, In-
dian, American, European, Asiatic, Afri-
can, Ethiopian ; Negro, Negroid ; Malay,
Malayan; Jewish, Hebrew; Scandinav-
ian, Mexican etc. (nationality) 188,11.
12. Correlation
(See also g. Relation)
1. 77* correlation, corelation, double re-
lation, correlativity, correlativism ; mu-
tual relation, mutuality, commutuality ;
correspondence or correspondency; in-
terrelation, interconnection, interdepend-
ence.
2. n. reciprocation, reciprocal relation,
reciprocalness etc. adj., reciprocity, re-
ciprocality; quid pro quo [L.] ; inter-
change etc. 148; exchange etc. (barter)
794 ; alternation etc. (reciprocating mo-
tion) 314.3 ; retaliation etc. 718.
3. n. reciprocator, reciprocatist ; each
other, one another.
4. v. correlate, be correlative etc. adj.,
correspond ; interrelate, interconnect, in-
terdepend.
5. v. reciprocate, be reciprocative etc.
adj., interact, mterwork ; exchange, coun-
terchange etc. (interchange) 148.3; al-
ternate etc. 314.10; retaliate etc.
718.2.
6. adj. correlative, interrelative, inter-
related, interconnected, interdependent;
mutually related, mutual, commutual ;
common; correspondent, corresponding
etc. v. f equivalent ; complemental, comple-
mentary ; relative etc. 9.5.
7. adj. reciprocal, reciprocative, recip-
rocate [rare], reciprocally related; alter-
nate ; interchangeable etc, 148.4.
8. adv. reciprocally etc. adj. ; by turns
etc. 148.5; vice versa [L.] etc. (contra-
rily) 14.7.
less than kind. SHAKESPEARE. The great-
er the kindred is, the less the kindness. LYLY
AM so do his sisters and his cousins and his
aunts. GILBERT. I was blood-sister to the
clod, blood-brother to the stone. W. V.
MOODY. Blood is thicker than water.
12. We are interested in others when they are
interested in us. PXJBLILIUS. My true love
hath niy heart and I have his. SIUNEY.
There is a reciprocal pleasure in governing and
being governed,* JOHH SON. Independence?
That's middle class blasphemy. We ate all de-
pendent on one another, every soul of us on
earth. SHAW.
7
13- Identity
(See 14. Contrariety, 15. Difference; also
17. Similarity, 23. Agreement,
27. Equality)
1. n. identity, identicalness, oneness
etc. adj. ; unity, coincidence, coalescence,
homoousia ; synonymity, synonymy ;
identification; equality etc. 27; connat-
uralness etc. (similarity) 17; individual-
ity, self etc. 79.2, 4.
2. n. sameness, selfsameness ; sameli-
ness etc. (regularity) 16.2; wearisome
sameness etc. (tedium) 841,3; similarity
etc. 17; equivalence etc, 27,2,
3. n. same, selfsame, very same, one
and the same, the identical same, no other,
very or actual thing; ipsissiwia verba
[L.] s the very words; counterpart etc.
(analogue) 17.5* facsimile etc. (copy)
21.
4. v. be identical etc. adj., coincide,
ditto [coll.], coalesce.
5. v. identify, recognize or establish
the identity of, treat or render as identi-
cal or the same ; diagnose, diagnosticate
[rare] ; recognize etc. 48ia.6.
6. adj. identical, same etc. n., ilk
[arch.], self fobs,] ; one, one and the
same, all one ; homoousian, homoousious
(rare]. ^
7. adj. coincident, coincidental, coin-
ciding; coalescent, coalescing; indistin-
guishable, undistinguishable ; synony-
mous, synonymic (al) ; equivalent etc.
(equal) 27.8, 9; alike, analogous, etc.
17.10-15.
8. adv. etc. identically etc. adj., on all
fours with; ibidem [L.], ibid. [L.] ;
in the same manner, ditto, same here
[coll].
14. Contrariety
(See 13. Identity; also 15. Difference)
i* n. contrariety, contrariness etc. adj.,
contrast, antithesis, opposition, contradic-
tion, contradistinction; antagonism, re-
pugnance, antipathy, clashing, collision,
conflict; inversion etc. 218; difference
etc. 15 ; contraposition etc, 237; counter-
action etc. 179.
13. AVhen 1 had lost one shaft, / I shot his fel-
low of the selfsame f%ht / Tfee atflfoatne wayv
13.1- 14,7
2. ??. the contrary, opposite, direct op-
posite, antithesis, reverse, inverse, con-
verse, obverse, the other extreme, anti-
pode, antipodes [pi. used as sing,], anti-
pole, counterpole, counterpoint ; foil ; vis-
a-vis [F.] ; counterpart etc. (analogue)
I/.5-
3. v. be contrary etc. adj., contrast
with, antithesize [rare], contradict, con-
travene, counteract, counterwork; go or
act contrary to, go or run counter to, fly
in the face of, be or play at cross-pur-
poses ; oppose, be opposed to, be or run
in opposition to; differ toto caelo [L.] ;
differ etc. 15.5; be unlike etc. 18.2.
4. v. invert, reverse, retrograde [rare],
transpose ; invaginate, intussuscept ; turn
the tables etc. 218.4.
5. adj. contrary, contrarious [arch.],
contrariant [rare] ; opposite,, vis-a-vis
[F,], counter, antithetic (al), contrasted,
converse, reverse, inverse, adverse,
averse, oppositional, opposing, opposed,
anti [coll.], dead against; antipodal, anti-
podean, antipodic; antagonistic(al), re-
pugnant, hostile, inimical, conflicting,
clashing, inconsistent, contradictory, at
cross-purposes ; negative ; subcontrary ;
contrapositive etc. 237.6; different etc.
15,7; inverted etc. 218.6; counteractive
etc. 179.5.
6. adj, diametrically opposite or dif-
ferent, differing toto caelo [L.], as op-
posite as black and white, ~ as light and
darkness, ^ as fire and water, ^ as the
poles etc,; "Hyperion to a satyr" (Shake-
speare) ; quite the contrary or reverse,
tout au contralre [F,] , just the other way,
no such thing.
7. adv. contrarily, conversely etc. adj, ;
contra, contrariwise, against the grain, a
rebours [F.] ; in reverse English [coll.,
U.S.], per contra [L.], on or to the con-
trary, nay rather ; by contraries, by way
of opposition; vice versa [L.] ; on the
other hand etc. (in compensation) 30.7,
8; differently etc. 15.10; inversely etc.
21,8.8; otherwise etc. 18,6; reciprocally
etc. 148.5; counteractively etc. 179,6.
SHAKESPEARE. The self- same song . . ,
KEATS.
14* All concord's born of contraries. JONSON,
Every sweet has its sour ; every evil its good
EMERSON. Good and evil ben two contraries.
CHAUCER, And yet you incessantly stand
on your
15.1 - 16-4
15- Difference
(See 13. Identity; also 14. Contrariety,
18. Dissimilarity, 24. Disagreement)
1. n. difference, cliff [slang], odds, dis-
similitude, otherness etc. adj., variance,
variation, variety, heterogeneity, diver-
sity, divergence, deviation, departure, dis-
accord, inconformity, incompatibility, in-
consistence or inconsistency : discongru-
ity, incongruity, incongruence ; discord-
ance or discordancy, dissonance or dis-
sonancy ; inharmoniousness, inharmony ;
discrepancy, discrepance [rare], dis-
crepation [rare] ; distinction, distinctly
[rare] ; moods and tenses; dissimilarity
etc. 18; disagreement etc. 24; disparity
etc. (inequality) 28 ; antithesis etc. (con-
trariety) 14; differentiation etc. (dis-
crimination) 465.
2. //. nicety, subtlety, nuance [F.], re-
finement, delicacy, nice ^, fine ~, deli-
cate or subtle distinction, shade of differ-
ence; differentia, differential.
3. n. different thing, different story
[coll.], something else, something else
again [coll.] ; apple off another tree, an-
other pair of shoes, another order of cat
[slang], horse of a different or another
color, bird of another feather; nothing
of the kind, no such thing, no such a thing
[dial, or coll.], quite another thing, Incus
a non lucendo [L.], tertium quid [L.] ;
this, that, or the other.
4. H. modification, alteration etc.
(change) 140.
5. v. be different etc. adj., differ, vary,
ablude fobs.], mismatch, discept [rare],
discrepate [rare], divaricate, diverge,
deviate, depart ; diverge from, depart
from etc. ; disagree with, disaccord with,
conflict with, clash with, jar with ; differ
toto caelo or longo intervallo [L.] ; con-
trast with etc. 14.3 ; be unlike etc. 18.2.
6. v. differentiate, difference; sever,
severalize; specialize, particularize; dis-
equalize, desynonymize, despecificate ;
15. Quot homines tot sententiae [As many
opinions as men]. TERENCE. It is differ-
ence of opinion that makes horse races.
TWAIN. You must wear your rue with a
difference. SHAKESPEARE. 0, the differ-
ence of man and man! SHAKESPEARE. A
distinction without a difference. FIELDING.
Like but oh! how different! WORDSWORTH.
Strange 1 all this difference should be / 'Twixt
Tweedledum and Tweedledee, BYROM. It
takes all sorts to make a world. II y a fagots
et fagots [There are fagots and fagots].
distinguish etc. (discriminate) 465.2,
3 ; compare etc. 464.2 ; modify etc.
(change) 140.6.
7. adj. differing etc. v., different ; va-
ried, variant; diverse, divers [arch.],
divergent; deviative, widely apart, dis-
tinct, distinguished, separate, heterogene-
ous, disaccordant, inconformable, ir-
reconcilable, incompatible, incongruous,
discrepant, discordant, dissonant, inhar-
monious, unmatched ; dissimilar etc. 18.4,
5 ; disagreeing etc. 24.6 ; contrary etc.
14.5, 6 ; unequal etc. 28.3 ; ununiform etc.
i6a.2; variform, diversified etc. 81.2, 3;
unrelated etc. 10.5.
8. adj. differentiate, differential;
distinctive, characteristic, peculiar ; dia-
critic (al) ; diagnostic; distinguishing,
discriminative etc. 465.4.
9. adj. etc. other, another, not the same,
else, otherwise, other than or from, other-
some.
10. adv. differently etc. adj., in a dif-
ferent manner; otherwise etc. 18.6; con-
trarily etc. 14.7.
11. phr. what's the difference?, what's
the diff? [slang], what's the odds?
1 6. Uniformity
(See i6a. Nonuniformity,
81. Multiformity)
1. 11. uniformity, uniformness, even-
ness, steadiness etc. adj.; stability, con-
tinuity, permanence, persistence or per-
sistency ; consistence or consistency, con-
sonance, accordance, unity; connature,
connaturality [both rare] ; homogeneity,
homology ; conformity etc. 82 ; agreement
etc. 23 ; similarity etc. 17.
2. n. regularity, constancy, evenness,
even tenor, sameness, sameliness, same-
someness [dial.], monotony; undevia-
tion, unvariation, invariability; clock-
work precision ; wearisome sameness etc.
(tedium) 841.3; routine etc. (habit)
613; periodicity etc. 138.
3. v. be uniform etc. adj., run through ;
accord with etc. (agree) 23.7; conform
etc. 82.4.
4. v. render uniform etc. adj., bring
into uniformity etc. n., uniform, assimi-
16. Ab uno disce omnes [From one learn to
know all]. VERGIL. Consistence, thou art a
jewel. ANOK A foolish consistency is the
hobgoblin of .little minds. EMERSON. Con-
stant dropping wears the stone.
16.4-17.8
late, make alike etc. (Sec alike etc.
17.10) ; level, smooth, dress.
5. adj, uniform, even, equable, con-
stant, steady, level, regular; samely,
samesome [dial.] ; monotonous, hum-
drum, dingdong, singsong, jog-trot
[coll.] ; unchanging, unchanged, undevi-
ating, unvarying, unvaried, invariable,
undiversified ; homogeneous, homoge-
netic, homogenetical, homogenic, horno-
geneal [rare] ; homologous, homolog-
ic(al) ; consistent, of a piece, connatural ;
alike etc. (similar) 17.10-16; in harmony
with etc. (agreeing) 23.9; methodical,
systematic etc. (orderly) 58.7 ; measured
etc. 466.13; stable etc. 150.6; weari-
somely uniform etc. (tedious) 841.8;
conformable to rule etc. 82.9.
6. adv. etc. uniformly etc. adj. ; uni-
formly with etc. (conformably) 82.12.
7. adv. invariably, without exception,
never otherwise; constantly, continually,
right along [coll., U.S.] ; regularly, reg-
ular [chiefly dial.] ; by clockwork; in a
rut or groove; always etc. (perpetually)
112.5; generally etc. 78.15; commonly
etc. (habitually) 613.13.
i6a. Nonuniformity
(See 1 6. Uniformity)
1. n. nonuniformity, ununiformity, un-
uniformness ; irregularity, unevenness ;
divarication, divergence, deviation, het-
eromorphism, heterogeneity ; diversity
etc. (multiformity) 81, (dissimilarity)
18; unconformity etc. 83 ; roughness etc.
256.
2. adj. ununiform, nonuniform ; irreg-
ular, uneven, "of every shape that was
not uniform" (Lowell) ; different etc.
15.7 ; dissimilar etc. 18.4, 5 ; multifarious,
diversified etc. 81.2, 3 ; rough etc. 256.12.
3. adv. ununiformly etc. adj., in all
manner of ways, every which way or
every which way [coll., U.S.] ; here, there,
and everywhere.
17. Similarity
(See 18. Dissimilarity; also 13- Identity,
27. Equality)
i. n. similarity, resemblance, likeness,
alikeness, similitude, semblance, con'sim-
16a. Of every shape that was not uniform.
LOWELL. Oh, how various is the scene /
ilarity [rare], homogeneity, affinity, ap-
proximation, parallelism; analogy, ana-
logicalness ; correspondence, homoiousia,
parity ; agreement etc. 23 ; sameness etc.
(identity) 13 ; uniformity etc. 16 ; equiva-
lence etc. 27.2 ; comparability etc. 464.
2. n. connaturalness, connature [rare],
connaturality [rare] ; family likeness or
resemblance, family favor ; isogamy, iso-
gametism ; brotherhood etc. (consanguin-
ity) ii.
3. n. assonance, alliteration, rhyme or
rime, pun. paronomasia.
4. n. a similar, simile [obs.] ; the like,
the like or likes of [coll.] ; suchlike, such.
5. JL analogue, congener, correlative,
correlate, equivalent, correspondent,
parallel, counterpart, complement, pend-
ant, match, double, dub [slang, U.S.],
twin, fellow, companion, mate, brother,
sister ; second self, alter ego [L.] ; couple,
pair ; two of a kind, birds of a feather,
Arcades ambo [L.], gens de meme ja-
mille [F.], par nobile jratrum [L.] ; et
hoc genus omne [L.] ; chip of or oft the
old block, second edition; synonym etc.
516.3; inverse etc. (opposite) 14.2; same
etc, 13.3 ; copy etc. 21.
6. n. perfect likeness, speaking like-
ness, striking resemblance, image, very
image, portrait, picture, very picture, liv-
ing picture [coll.], dead rap [slang],
fetch [dial.], dead or very fetch [dial.],
moral [slang], ringer or dead ringer
[slang] ; spit, spitting image, spit and im-
age, ~ picture or likeness, dead spit [all
dial.].
7. i/. be similar etc, adj., resemble, bear
resemblance, put one in mind of [chiefly
coll.] , have all the earmarks of, look like,
favor [coll.], feature [dial.], take after,
follow, savor or smack of; approximate,
approach; parallel, match, span [U.S.] ;
not tell which from tother [slang] ; hunt
or run in couples; be comparable etc.
864.4-
8. v. render similar etc. adj., similarize
Allowed to Man for his demesne. HOFFEN-
STEIX. *
17. They say we are / Almost as like as
eggs. SHAKESPEARE. For the Colonel's
Lady and Judy O'Grady / Are sisters under
their skins. KIPLING. Though analogy^ is
often misleading, it is the least misleading thing
we have. BUTLER. As lyke as one pease is
to another. LYLY. Birds of a feather flock
together. Tel pert tel fils [Like father like
son].
17.8-193
[rare], assimilate, approximate, bring
near ; connaturalize, make alike.
9. v . assonate, alliterate, rhyme or
rime, pun.
10. adj. similar, like, alike, resembling
etc. v. \ comparable etc. 464,6 ; coincident
etc. 13.7; relevant etc. 9.8 ; uniform etc.
16.5.
n. adj. analogous, analogical; paral-
lel, of a piece ; homoiousian, homoioitsi-
ous [rare] ; twin ; equivalent etc. 27.9.
12. adj. such as, suchlike or such like,
so; -like [as crasy-like; dial.].
13. adj. connatural, correlative, cog-
nate ; corresponding, correspondent ; con-
generic, congenerous; allied to, tarred
with the same brush [coll.] ; instar om-
nium [L.] ; akin etc. (consanguineous)
11.7.
14. adj. approximative, much the
same, much at one, much of a muchness
[coll.], nearly the same, same but dif-
ferent [joe.], "like but oh! how dif-
ferent!'* (Wordsworth); near, close,
something like; quasi [L.], near- [as
near-silk; coll.] ; pseudo etc. (spurious)
545-13-
15. adj. exactly like, the very picture
or image of, for all the world like, ridicu-
lously like; conmte deux gouttes d'eau
\ F.] , as like as two peas, "as lyke as one
pease is to another'' (Lyly), "as like as
eggs'* (Shakespeare), cast in the same
mold; lifelike, speaking, true to life or
nature; strict, servile etc. (faithful) 21.5.
1 6. adj. assonant, assonantal; allitera-
tive, alliterate, alliteral, alliterated ; rhym-
ing or riming", rhymy or rimy [rare].
17. adv. etc. as if, quasi [L.], just as,
just as if, so to speak, in a manner of
speaking [coll.], as it were, as if it were,
as though, in a way; kind of, sort of
[both coll.] ; vehtti in speculum [L,].
1 8. Dissimilarity
(See 17. Similarity; also 15. Difference,
28. Inequality)
i. n. dissimilarity, dissimilitude, un-
likeness etc. adj., dissemblance, diversity,
disparity, divergence, variation ; dissimi-
lation* oogamy, heterogamy; difference
etc, 15 J nonuniformtty etc. i6a, novelty
etc* 123 ; originality etc. 20.1.
IS- Dis altter ftsum [To the gods it has seemed
otherwise]. -VERGIL. No more like my
father / Than I to Hercules. SHAKESPEARE.
10
2. v. be unlike etc. adj.> bear little or no
resemblance to, not compare with ; differ
etc. 15.5; contrast with etc. 14.3.
3. v. render unlike etc. adj., dissitrtf-
late, dissimilarize [rare] ; vary etc.
(change) 140.6.
4. adj. dissimilar, dissimilatory, dis-
similative ; unlike, unalike ; disparate, di-
vergent, varied; nonidentical, unidenti-
cal: of a different kind etc. 75 .2 ; of a
sort, of sorts [both coll.] ; unmatched,
odd, out [as out sizes] ; different etc.
15.7; unique, original etc. (unusual)
83.10, II ; novel etc. 123.10; at variance
etc. (disagreeing) 24.7-8; diversified etc.
(multiform) 81.2, 3; ununiform etc.
i6a.2,
5. adj. far from it, far other [coll.],
nothing of the kind, quite another thing,
no such thing, no such a thing [coll.] ;
cast in a different mold, as like a dock as
a daisy, "very like a whale" (Shake-
speare) ; as different as chalk from cheese,
as different as Macedon and Monmouth ;
not comparable to, not able to touch, not
able to reach [coll.].
6. adv. otherwise, otherways fobs. exc.
dial.], othergates [obs. exc. dial. Eng.],
otherguess [ rare ] , otherguise [ obs. ] ,
otherhow [rare] ; elsewise, elseways
[dial.], elsehow [dial.]; alias; differ-
ently etc. 15*10; contrarily etc, 14.7; on
the other hand etc. 30,8*
19. Imitation
(See 20. Nonimitatiofl; also 21. Copy)
1. n. imitation, imitating, copying, etc.
z;.; reproduction, duplication, reduplica-
tion, repetition ; quotation ; transcription ;
mimeography; an imitation etc* (copy)
21 ; representation etc, 554.
2. n. mockery, mimicry, apery; par-
rotry, parrotism.
3. JL simulation, pretense, sham, fake-
ment [coll.], semblance etc. (dissimula-
19. Men often applaud an imitation, and hiss
the re,al thing. AESOP. Fair Portia's coun-
terfeit. SHAKESPEAK&, The sound must
seem an echo to the sense. POPE. To t ad-
mire on principle is the only way to imi-
tate without loss ol originality. COLERIDGE.
Genius borrows nobly. EMERSON. Quota-
tion confesses inferiority. EME&SON. Play
the sedulous pe to men Of letter i.^STEVflN60K.
He wrapped himself in quotations. KIPLING.
By necessity, by proclivity, and by delight, we
all quote.EMEksON. Tel mattre tel valet
[Like master like* man].
11
tion) 544- 2 ; counterfeiting, forgery,
plagiarism etc. (falsification) 544.1 ; per-
sonation etc. (representation) 554; im-
posture etc. (deception) 545.1. *
4. n. imitator, mimic, mimicker, mime
[rare]; mimer, mimester [rare], mocker,
mockie [crim. slang, U.S.] ; mockingbird,
cuckoo; parrot, polly, poll-parrot or
polly-parrot [coll.] ; ape, monkey; echo,
echoer, echoist; copyist, copier, copycat
[coll.] ; counterfeiter, forger, plagiarist.
5. v. imitate, copy, mirror, reflect,
ditto [coll.], reproduce, repeat, do like,
do a [slang, U.S.], go like [coll] ; dupli-
cate, dupe [printers* slang] ; double, dub
[slang, U.S.]; echo, re-echo; match,
parallel ; facsimile, squeeze [cant] ; tran-
scribe ; mimeograph.
6. v. mock, mimic, mime, copycat
[coll.], ape, take off, hit off, pipe off
"slang], borrow, steal one's stuff [slang,
ft
7. v. simulate, assume, convey an im-
pression of, register [slang], go through
the motions [slang], act the part, put on
an act [slang, U.S.], make a show of;
sham, feign etc. (dissemble) 544.6;
counterfeit, forge etc. (falsify) 544.3;
represent, personate etc. 554.7, 8 ; act etc.
(drama) 599.26.
8. <v, caricature, parody, burlesque,
travesty, hit or take off on.
9. z>. paraphrase, translate etc. (inter-
pret) 522.6, 7.
10. v. emulate, follow, follow or tread
in the steps or footsteps of, walk in the
shoes of, put oneself in another's shoes,
follow in the wake of, follow the ex-
ample of, follow suit [coll.], take pattern
by, take after, copy after, model after or
on, take a leaf out of another's book.
n. adj. imitated etc. v. } modeled after
or on; literal.
12. adj. imitation, imitative; mock,
mimic, apish, make-believe; pseudo,
quasi [L.], near- [as near-silk; coll.,
U.S.], ape- [as ape-ware; slang, U.S.],
trick [as trick decorations; slang] ; bor-
rowed, secondhand; irnitable; counter*
feit, sham etc. (spurious) 545.13; repre-
sentative ate. 554.9.
13, adj. caricatural, burlesque, parod-
ic(ai),
14* adv. literally, literatim [L.], to the
letter, according to the letter, au pied de la
httr$ [F,], verbally, verbatim, verbatim
et literatim [L.], ipsissimits verbis [L.],
193-21.2
totidem uerbis [L.], in the same words,
word for word, mot a mot [F.] ; sic [L.] ,
thus ; exactly, precisely etc, (accurately)
494.15 ; faithfully etc. 772,6 ; by heart etc,
505,22.
20, Nonimitation
(See 19, Imitation)
1. n. nonimitation, no imitation etc.
21 ; originality, authenticity, creative-
ness; novelty etc. 123; uniqueness etc,
83-3-
2. n. an original etc. (prototype) 22;
sulphite [slang], eccentric etc. (noncon-
formist) 83.4.
3. adj. unimitated, uncopied, unex-
ampled, unreproduced, untranslated ; un-
matched, unparalleled; firsthand; arche-
typal, prototypal, prototypical ; primor-
dial; genuine etc. (authentic) 494.12;
rare, unique, original etc* (unusual)
83.10, ii ; novel etc. 123.10.
4. adj. inimitable etc. (supreme) 33.8.
2i f Copy
(See 22, Prototype; also 19. Imitation)
Result of Imitation. i, n. copy, imi-
tation, likeness, resemblance, semblance,
similitude, image, form [obs.], icon; ef-
figy, effigies [L.] ; ectype; representa-
tion, adumbration, study; pasticcio [It.] ;
"counterfeit presentment" ( Shake-
speare), fakement [coll.] ; take-off
[coll.], hit-off [slang], pipe-off [slang] ;
near- silk, near-leather, near-antique [all
coll., U.S.] ; ape-ware [slang, U.S.] ; re-
vise, revision; rewrite, rewriting, re-
script ; fair copy, faithful copy etc. adj. ;
portrait etc. (picture) 556.9; counterfeit
etc. (spurious article) 545.6 ; perfect like-
ness etc. 17.6; same etc, 13,3; typescript
etc. (writing) 590.3; printed matter etc.
(print) 591.2.
2. n, duplicate, duplication, dupe
20. Not picked from the leaves of any author,
but bred amongst the weeds and tares of mine
own brain, T, BIOWNE, ^ The merit of orig-
inality is not novelty ; it is sincerity. CARLYLE.
Originality provokes originality, GOETHE,
Wrapped in the solitude of his own originality,
~~C, PHILIPS. A thought is often original,
though you have uttered it a hundred
21. The only good copies are those which
make ws see the absurdity of bad originals.-
LA ROCHEFOUCAULD. ^Parody might ^indeed
be defined as the worshipper's ha
CHESTERTON.
21.2-23.7
12
[printers' slang] ; ditto [coll.], reproduc-
tion, replica, model, counterpart ; double,
dub [slang, U.S.j ; cast, casting; fac-
simile, facsimile impression, squeeze
[cant] ; transcript, transcription ; apo-
graph, transfer, tracing, counterscript,
offprint, reprint, second edition; carbon,
carbon copy; canned editorial or music
[slang] ; reflected counterpart, reflex, re-
flexion, reflection ; shadow, echo ; chip of
or oft" the old block.
3. n. caricature, take-off [coll.], bur-
lesque, parody; travesty, travesti [F.] ;
extravaganza ; cartoon.
4. n. paraphrase, metaphrase, version,
translation etc. (rendering) 522.2.
5. adj. faithful, close, exact, strict, con-
scientious, servile; lifelike etc. (similar)
17.15.
22. Prototype
(See 21. Copy)
Thing Copied. i. n. prototype, orig-
inal, model, pattern, paradigm, precedent,
standard, criterion, rule, module, scant-
ling [obs.], type, mirror ; archetype, anti-
type; protoplast, protoplasm, proplasm
[rare] ; exemplar, example, ensample
[rare] ; model house, model [coll.] ; art-
ist's model, dressmaker's model, lay fig-
ure ; imitatee ; fugler, fugleman or flugel-
man ; guide ; keynote ; beau ideal etc.
(paragon) 650.2.
2. n. copy, text; design etc. (outline)
626.2.
3. n. die, mold, matrix, last, mint, seal,
stamp, punch, intaglio, negative.
4. v. prototype, example, serve as or
set an example etc. //.
23. Agreement
(See 24. Disagreement; also 13. Identity,
83. Conformity)
i. n. agreement, accord, accordance;
concord, concordance; whack [slang],
harmony, rapport [F.], concert, concin-
nity, assonance, consonance or conso-
nancy, conformance, conformation, con-
22. For each man to be a standard to himself
is most excellent for the good, but for the bad
it is the worst of all things. HOMER. I do
not give you to posterity as a pattern to imitate,
hut as an example to deter. JUNIUS. A
precedent embalms a principle. DISRAELI.
Follow the copy though it fly out of the win-
dow. PRINTER'S SAYING. Exempla sunt
odiosa [Examples are odious].
23. Auxilia humilia frma consensus facit [Una-
formity, line, keeping, consistence o<
consistency, coherence, unison, union
congruence or congruency, congruity
congeniality, compatibility, affinity, cor
respondence, coincidence, parallelism, ap
position; synchronization, sync or sin!
[motion-picture slang] ; uniformity etc
16; concurrence etc. 178; similarity etc
17; assent etc. 488.
2. n. fitness, aptness etc. adj. ; rele-
vance or relevancy, pertinence or perti-
nency; aptitude, coaptation, propriety
applicability, admissibility, commensura-
bility; cognation etc. (relation) 9; rele-
vant instance, case in point etc, (exam-
ple) 82.2; timeliness etc. 134.
3. ;/. adaptation, adaption ; adjustment
graduation, accommodation, assimila-
tion; reconciliation, reconcilement.
4. n. mutual agreement, understand-
ing, mutual or cordial understanding
entente cordiale [F.], gentleman's agree-
ment; go [coll.], whiz or whizz [slang
U.S.] ; compact etc. 769.
5. n. general agreement, consensus,
consension [rare], consentaneity, con-
sentaneousness, concentus, unanimity ;
like-mindedness, meeting of minds ; co-
operation etc. 709; concurrence etc. 178,
6. n. very thing, just the thing, quite
the thing, the thing, the article [slang,
U.S.], the Wea [coll.], the ticket [coll.] ;
right man in the right place, round peg in
a round hole.
7. v. agree, be accordant etc. adj., ac-
cord, harmonize, chime, correspond,
tally, respond, meet, do, suit, fit, befit,
gee [slang and dial.], jibe [coll., U.S.],
hitch [coll.], go with, conform with, as-
similate, adapt itself to, become adapted,
fit together, dovetail, square or quadrate
with, fall or chime in with, consort or
comport with; homologate, homologize;
hit it off with, cotton, hitch horses [all
coll.] ; fit like a glove, fit to a T or tittle ;
synchronize, sync or sink [motion-pic-
ture slang].
be self-consistent, be logically con-
sistent; hang or hold together, hold up,
hold water [all coll.] ; conform etc. 82.4;
nimity makes humble help strong] . PUBLILIUS.
Concordia discors [Inharmonious harmony],
HORACE. They agree like bells, they want
nothing but hanging, MERITON. Finally, be
ye aH of one mind. BIBLE. If the cap fits,
put it on. When in Rome, do as the Romans
do.
13
23.7-24.7
come to an agreement etc. (assent)
488.6-8; concur etc. 178.2, 3 ; be expedi-
ent etc. 646.3.
8. v. render accordant etc. adj., bring
into accordance etc. ., accord, agree, as-
similate, similari ze, harmonize, reconcile,
adapt, accommodate, fit, suit; homolo-
gize, homologate; arrange, dress, regu-
late ; readjust, readapt ; fadge, dovetail,
square; adjust etc. (render equal) 27.7;
pacify etc. 723.4.
9. adj. agreeing, suiting etc. v. ; in ac-
cordance with, in harmony with, in uni-
son with etc. n. ; in rapport, en rapport
[F.] ; in accord, in step; accordant, con-
cordant, consonant, harmonious, agree-
able, becoming, consistent, congenial,
compatible, conformable, reconcilable, an-
swerable, correspondent, commensurate,
proportionate ; consentient, consentane-
ous, consent! ve [rare], consensual, con-
centual ; congruent, congruous ; at one, at
one with, on all fours with, of a piece;
of one mind, of the same mind, like-
minded ; synchronized, synchronal, syn-
chronous, in synchronization, in sync or
sink [motion-picture slang] ; self-con-
sistent; concurrent etc. 178.4; uniform
etc. 16.5.
10. adj. apt, apposite, pertinent, ap-
purtenant, pat, happy, felicitous, ger-
mane, ad rein [L.] } in point, to the point
or purpose, bearing upon, applicable,
relevant, admissible.
11. adj. fit, adapted, in loco [L.], &
prop os [F.] or apropos, appropriate, sea-
sonable, sortable, suitable, idoneous
[rare] ; meet etc. (expedient) 646.4,
12. adj. at home, in one's proper ele-
ment.
13. adv. etc. pertinently etc. adj., &
propos [F.] or apropos of; relatively etc.
9.9.
24. Disagreement
(See 23. Agreement; also 15. Difference,
83. Unconformity)
i. n. disagreement, discord, discord-
ance or discordancy; disaccord, disac-
cordance, inaccordance ; dissonance, dis-
24. FilFd the air with barbarous dissonance.
MILTON. All discord, harmony not under-
stood. POPE. That which is agreeable to
the nature of one thing, is many times con-
trary to the nature of another. U ESTRANGE.
A round peg in a square hole.
sidence ; disunity, disunion ; incongruity,
incongruence ; discongruity, discongru-
ence ; disharmony, unharmoniousness etc.
adj. ; misalliance, mesalliance [F.] ; jar-
ring, clashing etc. v. ; dissension, misun-
derstanding, bickering etc. (personal dis-
cord) 713 ; conflict etc. (opposition)
708 ; unconformity etc. 83.
2. n. disparity, disproportionateness
etc. adj., disproportion, dissimilitude, in-
equality, variance, difference, divergence,
repugnance; discrepance [rare], discrep-
ancy, discrepation [rare].
3. n. unfitness, unsuitability, inappli-
cability etc. adj. ; inaptitude, impropriety,
inconsistency, inconcinnity ; mis joining,
mis joinder; mismatch, mismatchment ;
syncretism; irrelevance etc. (irrelation)
10.
4. n. misfit, ass in lion's skin, jackdaw
in peacock's feathers, acinus ad lyram
[L.], fish out of water; square peg,
square peg in a round hole; failure etc.
732.4.
5. v. disagree, not jibe [coll., U.S.] etc.
23.7 ; be or run at cross-purposes, be out
of harmony, disaccord, conflict, clash, jar,
jostle, collide, swear at [slang] ; corne
amiss ; mismatch, mismate ; humano
capiti cervicem jungere equinam [L.] ;
dispute, quarrel etc. (discord) 713.6; in-
terfere etc. (intrude) 228.10; not hear to
[coll.] etc. (dissent) 489.4; differ etc.
z 5-5-
6. adj. disagreeing etc. v., discordant,
disaccordant, discrepant, divergent, vari-
ant, at variance, at odds, at war, hostile,
antagonistic, repugnant, inaccordant, out
of accord etc. 23.1, out of whack [slang],
clashing, clashy [coll.], jarring, factious,
dissident, unconsonant, incompatible, ir-
reconcilable, inconsistent ; incongruent,
incongruous; unharmonkms, disharmo-
nious; intrusive; disproportionate, dis-
proportioned ; unconformable, exception-
al etc. 83.9, 10; dissentient etc. 489.5;
contentious etc. 901 .9 ; differing etc. 1 5.7 ;
dissimilar etc. 18.4.
7. adj. inapt, unapt; inappropriate,
unappropriate [rare] , malappropriate
[rare], mat d propos [F.] ; unseasonable,
ill-timed, untimely ; improper, ill-adapted,
infelicitous, inadmissible, unbecoming ;
unsuited, unsuitable, dissuitable [rare] ;
unfit, unfitting, unbefitting ; out of char-
acter, out of keeping, out of proportion,
out of joint, out of tune, out of place, out
247-274
of season, out of time, out of its element ;
inapposite etc, (irrelevant) 10.6,
8. adj. uncongenial, unsympathetic;
ill-assorted, ill-sorted ; mismatched, mis-
joined, mismated, misplaced; unaccom-
modating, irreducible, uncommensurable,
9, adv. discordantly etc, adj., d tort ct
a tr avers [F.],
ip. prep, in disagreement with, in de-
fiance of, in contempt of, in opposition to,
at cross-purposes with; in spite of, re-
gardless of etc. (notwithstanding) 3^8.
25. Quantity
Absolute Quantity. J. n, quantity, ^
amount, quantum, feck [Scot, and dial], *
mass, bulk, substance, magnitude, ampli-
tude, extent, sum; measure, measure-
ment ; strength, force, numbers ; size etc.
(dimensions) 192 ; number etc, 84.
2, n, a quantity, amount, sum, meas-
ure, portion, stock, batch, lot, dose, deal,
grist [coll., U.S.], gob [chiefly dial, and
slang], boiling [slang], jag or jagg [dial.
U.S.], swad [slang, U.S,], chance [dial.
U.S.]; armful, handful, yaffle [dial],
mouthful, spoonful, cupful, capful, etc. ;
quota, quotiety [rare], quotum; great
quantity etc. 31,3; small quantity etc.
33,2; pittance etc, 640,5.
3, n, (science of quantity) quantita-
tive analysis, gravimetric analysis, volu-
metric analysis etc. (mathematics) 85.2,
4, n. (logic) category, general concep-
tion, universal predicament.
5, v. quantify, rate, fix; modify, qual-
ify; measure etc. 466,10,
6, adj. quantitative, quantitive, quan-
tic, quantical, quantified, quantised
[rare],
7, adj* some, any, more or less.
8, vdv. to the amount or tune of , .
[coll.],
36, Degree
Relative Quantity. i. n, degree,
grade, step, pas [F.], round, rung, stair,
point, mark, peg; notch, cut, hole [all
coll]; extent, measure, amount, ratio,
stint or stent, standard, height, pitch*
reach, remove, compass* amplitude,
range, scale, scape, caliber; gradation,
; shadow, shade ; rank, sphere,
26. Who shines in the second tajik is eclipsed
in the first VOLTAIRE. Cttrs of low degree.
14
stage, station, status, stand, standing,
footing; period, interval, line [Mus.],
space [Mus.] ; rate, way, sort; intensity,
strength etc. (greatness) 31,
2. v. graduate, gradation, mark with
degrees, divide into grades; change
gradually, pass by degrees, shade off;
calibrate, measure; rectify,
3. adj. comparative, relative; within
the bounds etc. (limit) 233.
4. adj. gradual, gradational, gradatory
[rare], shading off.
5. adv. by degrees, degreewise [Mus.] ;
gradually, gradatim ; step by step, grade
by grade, di grado in grado [It], bit by
bit, little by little, inch by inch, drop by
drop ; by slow degrees, by inches, by little
and little; in some degree or measure,
to some extent; to such an extent, pro
tanto [L.], for so much, inasmuch; to
whatever extent, whatever ; however,
howe'er, howsoever, howsomever [dial,
or vulg.],
27. Equality
(See 28. Inequality; also 13, Identity,
17. Similarity)
Sameness of Quantity or Degree. i.
n. equality, parity, coextension, sym-
metry, balance, poise; evenness, monot-
ony, level.
2. n. equivalence or equivalency, equi-
pollence, equipoise, equilibrium, equipon-
clerance; par, quits; distinction without
a difference, six of one and half a dozen
of the other, not a pin to choose ; coequal-
ity, coevality [rare], isonomy, isopolity,
isotropy, parallelism, owelty [Law] ;
sameness etc. (identity) 13 ; likeness etc.
(similarity) 17.
3. n. equalization, equation, equaling;
equilibration, co-ordination, adjustment,
readjustment; halves, halvers fobs, exc,
dial, and slang] ; compensation etc. 30.
4. n. tie, draw, drawn game or battle,
dead heat, neck-and-neck race, nose fin-
ish [turf slang], standoff [coll.], level,
even Stephen [slang, U.S.], even break
[slang] j tied score, knotted score [slang].
27. All men are created equal DECLARATION
OF INDEPENDENCE. One man is as good as
another and a great dale Utther, as the Irish
philosopher said/ THACKERAY, All man*
kind ar equalized by death. HOOP, We
shall not produce equality by turning every-
thing upside dowa, A, P HEKBIRT, What s
sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander,
15
275-29.1
5. n. equal, match, ditto [coll.], peer,
compeer, equivalent, equipollent, coequal,
parallel, countervail [obs.] ; mate, fellow
etc. (analogue) 17,5; synonym etc. 516.3.
6. v. be equal etc. adj., equal, match,
fellow with, correspond, cope with [obs.] ,
reach, touch ; keep pace or step with, run
abreast ; come or amount to, come up to,
check with or up with [coll.], stack up
with [slang], match up with; be or lie
on a level with, balance, parallel ; come
or amount to the same thing, ditto [coll.] ,
even, even off, break even [slang] ; tie,
knot the score [slang],
7. #. render equal, equalize, equate,
equivalent [rare], square, level, dress,
balance, strike a balance, poise, adjust,
trim; handicap, give points; fit, accom-
modate; establish or restore equality or
equilibrium, re-equalize, readjust ; stretch
on the bed of Procrustes ; adapt etc. (ren-
der accordant) 23.8; compensate etc.
34-
8. adj. equal, even, even Stephen
[slang, U.S.], level, coequal, symmet-
ric (al), co-ordinate; equiparant, equip-
arate [rare]; horse and horse [slang],
hank and hank [Naut.] ; square, hunky
[slang, U.S.] ; on even terms, on a par
with, on a level with, on a footing with ;
up to the mark, up to the notch [coll.]
etc. (see mark, notch etc. 26.1).
g. adj> equivalent, tantamount, corre-
sponding; quits, on or upon a par; ho-
mologous, homologic(al), resolvable into,
convertible ; much at one, much the same
as, as good as, as broad as long, neither
more nor less; fifty-fifty [slang, U.S.],
half-and-half, on or to the halvers
[slang] ; all one, all the same; equipol-
lent, equiponderant, equiponderous, equi-
balanced ; equalized etc. v. f drawn, tied ;
isochronal, isochronous ; isoperimet-
ric(al) ; isobath, isobathic; identical etc.
13.6, 7; synonymous etc. 516.11 ; similar
etc. 17.10-16.
10. adv. equally etc, adj., at the same
rate, with equal step, pari passu [L.], to
the same degree, ad emidmn [L.] ; to all
intents and purposes, other things being
equal, caeteris paribus [L.] ; to a stand-
off [coll].
28. Men are made by nature unequal. It is
vain, therefore, to treat them as if they were
eqt&l. -Ffcot-DE. Inequality is as dear to the
American heart as liberty itself. HOWBLLS.
When people have to obey other people's or-
28. Inequality
(See 27. Equality; also 15. Difference)
Difference of Quantity or Degree. i.
n. inequality, unequality, inequation; in-
equalness [rare], unevenness etc. adj.;
disparity, imparity [rare] ; odds ; inclina-
tion of the balance, partiality; cast-
ing weight, makeweight; inadequation
[arch. ] , inadequacy, shortcoming ; su-
periority etc. 33; inferiority etc. 34; dif-
ference etc. 15.
2. v. be unequal etc. adj., countervail,
turn the scale; have or give the advan-
tage ; kick the beam, be found wanting ;
topple, topple over; overmatch etc. 33. 5,
6 ; not come up to etc. 34.4.
3. adj. unequal, inequal [rare], un-
even, irregular, disparate, partial, inade-
quate ; ill-matched, ill-balanced ; over-
balanced, unbalanced ; top-heavy, lop-
sided ; disquiparant ; odd ; differing etc.
15-7.
4. adj. unequaled, unparalleled, un-
matched, matchless, fellowless [rare],
unrivaled, unique, unapproached, inimi-
table, transcendent, unpeered, peerless,
nonpareil, unexampled, unpatterned
[rare] ; not to be compared to, not a cir-
cumstance to [coll., U.S.], not a marker
on [coll.].
5. adv. unequally etc. adj., unequal;
hand passibtis aequis (Vergil).
29. Mean
i. ;;, mean, golden mean, juste-milieu,
[F.], medium {pL media), happy me-
dium, intermedium [obs,], average, bal-
ance, normal, rule, run, me den agan
[Gr. pyj&v ayav], ariston metron {Gr.
apurrov iMTpov} ; middle term, mes%o ter-
mine [It.] ; middle state, middle ground ;
generality; middle etc. 68; middle of the
road, neutrality etc. (mid-course) 628;
ders, equality is ^out of the question. GILBERT,
29. Est modus in rebvis '[There is a mean in
(all) things]. HORACE. Keep the -gulden
mean. PUB'LiLitrs, Give me neither poverty
nor ricftes. BfBffe. Measure is a merry
mean. J. RUSSEIL. Wot 1fow Jnediocrity,
not above it.- JOHNSON. MeMmn temtrrf
btati f Happy are t!tey w*ho teve kept a ms&i&t
course].
29.1-313
compromise etc. 774; moderation etc.
174; aurea mediocritas [L.] etc. (medi-
ocrity) 736.
2. v. average, split the difference, take
the average etc. n., reduce to a mean etc.
., strike a balance, pair off.
3. adj. mean, medium, intermediate,
intermediary, medial ; average, ordinary,
normal, standard ; middle etc. 68.5 ; medi-
ocre etc. 736.3 ; neutral etc. 628.3.
4. adv. mediumly etc. adj., in the mean,
in wiedias res [L.] ; in the middle etc.
(midway) 68.6.
5. adv. on an average, in the long run ;
taking one or one thing with another, tak-
ing all things together, taking all in all,
taking it for all in all ; communibus annis
[L.], in round numbers; generally etc.
78.15.
30. Compensation
1. n. compensation, recompense, rec-
ompensation [obs. exc. Scot. Law] ; in-
demnification, indemnity; measure for
measure ; commutation, substitution ;
neutralization, nullification ; counterac-
tion etc. 179; retaliation etc. 718; equal-
ization etc. 27.3; compromise etc. 774;
atonement etc. 952.
2. n. setoff, offset, counterpoise, coun-
terbalance, counterweight, makeweight,
casting weight, ballast; equivalent, quid
pro quo [L.] ; countervail [obs.], coun-
tervailing; cross debt, cross demand,
counterclaim; amends etc. (atonement)
952.
3. n. pay etc. (payment) 807, (re-
ward) 973; bribe etc. 618.2; gift etc.
784.3- r ,
4. v. compensate, compense [rare],
make compensation, make good, make up
for, recompense, indemnify; cover, fill
up ; neutralize, nullify, rob Peter to pay
Paul; equalize etc. 27.7; make amends,
redeem etc. (atone) 952.4; pay, reward
etc, 973.3 ; repay etc. 807.9.
5. v. offset, set off, counteract, coun-
tervail, counterpoise, ' counterbalance,
balance ; outbalance, overbalance ; hedge ;
30. Sacpe creat molles aspera spina rosas
[Often the sharp thorn produces delicate roses].
^OviD. It is a comfort that the medal has
two sides. JEFFERSON. Every sweet has its
sour ; every evil its good. EMERSON. White
shall not neutralize the black, nor good com-
pensate bad in man. BROWNING. Robbing
Peter to pay Paul.
16
square, square up ; give and take, get it
coming and going [slang].
6. adj. compensating, countervailing
etc. v. ; compensative, compensatory ;
recompensive, amendatory, indemnifica-
tory, reparative ; in the opposite scale ;
equivalent etc. (equal) 27.8, 9.
7. adv. in compensation or return, in
consideration, for a consideration.
8. adv., prep, notwithstanding, but, all
the same [coll.], yet, still, however, how-
e'er; nevertheless, natheless or nathless
[arch.] ; although, though; howbeit, al-
beit; mauger or maugre [arch.], at all
events, at any rate; in spite of, spite of
[coll.], in despite of, despite; regardless
of, without regard to ; be that as it may,
for all that, even so, on the other hand,
at the same time, quoad minus [L.],
quand inhne [F.], however that may be :
after all, after all is said and done ; taking
one thing with another etc. (average)
29.5 ; in defiance of etc. 708.6 ; contrarily
etc. 14.7 ; in disagreement with etc. 24.10 ;
excepting etc. 55.7; otherwise etc. 18.6.
31. Greatness
(See 32. Smallness; also 192. Size)
1. n. greatness, largeness, vastness etc.
adj. ; magnitude, immensity, enormity,
muchness; might, strength, intensity,
fullness, amplitude; bigness etc. (size)
192; numerousness etc. 102; boundless-
ness etc. (infinity) 105.
2. n. eminence, distinction, conse-
quence, prominence, grandeur, dignity,
notability, nobility; fame etc. (repute)
873; importance etc. 642; pre-eminence
etc. (superiority) 33.
3. n. great quantity, quantity or quan-
tities, abundance or abundancy, profu-
sion, volume, world or worlds, sea, ocean
or oceans, mass ; mint, peck, pack, plenty
[all chiefly coll.] ; lot or lots, consider-
able, deal, good or great deal, quite a
little ; sight, galore, pot, raft or rafts, slew,
slews, whole slew, heap or heaps, pile or
piles, loads, stack or stacks, batch, mess,
wad or wads, hunk [all coll.] ; peck,
bushel; load, carload, cartload, wagon-
load, shipload; flood, spring tide; ac-
31. Some are born great, some achieve great-
ness, and some have greatness thrust upon
them. SHAKESPEARE. The great man is the
man who does a thing for the first time. A.
17
cumulation, collection, bunch etc. (as-
semblage) 72; hoard, stock etc. (store)
636.1, 2; greater part etc. 50.3; host,
quite a few etc. (multitude) 102.5.
lump, gob or gobs, heap sight [all slang
or dial] ; swad, smear or whole smear,
fat lot, oodle or oodles [all slang] ;
chance, quite a chance, right smart
chance, scad or scads, slather or slathers,
lashings, lavish, power [all dial].
4. v. be great etc. adj. ; run high, soar,
tower, loom, bulk, bulk large, rise or
carry to a great height, know no bounds ;
tower above, rise above, transcend ; as-
cend, mount.
5. v. enlarge etc. (increase) 35.3, (ex-
pand) 194.5-3.
6. adj. great, grand, large, tall [slang,
U.S.], considerable, mickle [arch.],
goodly, noble, precious, mighty, full, in-
tense, strong, sound, passing [obs.],
heavy, plenary, deep, high ; signal, at its
height, in the zenith ; sad, grave, serious ;
big, bulky etc. (sizable) 192.11-15; am-
ple, abundant etc. (plenty) 639.7 J niany
etc. 102.5; important etc. 642.10-14;
greater etc. 33.7.
7. adj. extensive, wholesale, sweep-
ing, wide, broad, liberal, far-stretched,
far-reaching, fargoing, far-embracing,
far-extending, far-flying, far-ranging,
far-flung, far-spread, far-spreading,
widespread, indiscriminate ; far-famed,
far-heard; world-wide, prevalent, uni-
versal etc. 78.10, ri ; abundant etc. 639.7.
8. adj. vast, immense, enormous, mag-
nitudinous [rare], stupendous, prodi-
gious, gigantic, colossal, titanic, towering ;
Atlantean, Herculean, Cyclopean ; aston-
ishing, appalling, incredible; fabulous;
whopping, whacking, banging, thumping,
thundering, roaring, slapping, swinge-
ing, rousing [all coll.] ; whaling, spank-
ing, whooping, howling, staving [all
slang] ; fearful, frightful, dreadful, hor-
rible, terrible, terrific [all coll.] ; huge etc.
(size) 192.15; unlimited etc. (infinite)
105.3; marvelous etc. (wonderful)
870.7 ; unsurpassed etc. (supreme) 33.8.
g. adj. inordinate, excessive, extrava-
gant, exorbitant, outrageous, preposter-
ous, unconscionable, monstrous; over-
done, overwrought, overgrown.
SMITH. The sense of greatness keeps a na-
tion great W. WATSON. Top huge for
mortal tongue, or pen of scribe. KEATS.
313 -31.16
10. adj. inexpressible, unutterable, in-
describable, ineffable, unspeakable, be-
yond expression, nameless, unnamable.
11. adj. undiminished, unabated, unre-
duced, unrestricted ; undivided etc. 50.7.
12. adj. absolute, utter, downright,
thorough, thoroughgoing, thorough-
paced, out-and-out, stark, desperate, pro-
found, positive, pronounced, decided, un-
equivocal essential, consummate, perfect,
finished, complete, extreme ; arrant, un-
mitigated, flagrant, tall [slang, U.S.],
glaring, stark-staring, rank, crass, gross.
13. adj. remarkable, of mark, marked,
pointed, veriest ; notable, noticeable, note-
worthy; extraordinary etc. (unusual)
83.10."
14. adj. august, eminent, distinguished,
grand, dignified, sublime, majestic etc.
(reputable) 873.15-19.
15. adv. (in a great or high degree)
greatly, largely etc. adj.: much, mickle
[arch.], muchly [obs. exc. slang], very
much, so very much, ever so much, ever
so, never so, so, pretty much or well, no
end [coll., U.S.], no end of, not a little,
a deal [coll.] ; by much, by far, far and
away, far and wide, widely ; to a large or
great extent, in a great measure, on a
large scale, by wholesale ; like or as all
creation [coll.], like or as all get-out
[slang, U.S.], like or as all possessed
[coll., U.S.] ; very, quite, plenty [coll.],
real [coll.], right [dial, and coll. ], pretty,
jolly [coll., Eng.] gallows [dial], par-
lous [coll.], right smart [dial., U.S.].
considerably, considerable [obs. exc,
dial], exceedingly, tremendously, ex-
travagantly, richly, intensely, acutely, ex-
quisitely, preciously, precious [coll.],
powerfully or powerful [dial, and coll.],
mightily, mighty [chiefly coll.], almight-
ily or almighty [slang], mortally [coll.],
mortal [chiefly dial], properly [chiefly
slang], proper [dial, and coll].
1 6. adv. (in a positive degree) abso-
lutely, positively, truly, verily, indeed, de-
cidedly, unequivocally, unconditionally,
assuredly, certainly, essentially, funda-
mentally, radically, downright, purely,
seriously, in all conscience; for a cer-
tainty, for fair [slang] ; for the most part,
in the main.
There is no great and no small / To tht soul
that maketh all. EMERSON. Great thing's
are made of little things. BROWNING. A
31.16-322
18
17. adv. (in a complete degree) fully,
thoroughly, throughout etc. (completely)
52.1315 ; totally, altogether, entirely etc,
(wholly) 50.10; abundantly, amply etc.
(sufficiently) 639.8.
1 8. adv. (in a supreme degree) su-
premely, pre-eminently, superlatively etc.
(superiority) 33.10.
19. adv. (in an extreme degree) ex-
tremely, in the extreme, most, a entrance
[F.], a toute oiitrance [F.j ; indefinitely,
immeasurably, incalculably, infinitely ; be-
yond compare or comparison, beyond
measure or all bounds ; to the utmost etc.
(utterly) 52.14.
20. adv. (in an excessive degree) ex-
cessively, immoderately, unreasonably,
monstrously, preposterously, grossly, in-
ordinately, exorbitantly, woundily or
woundy [arch.], superabundantly, overly
f chiefly Scot, and U.S.], enormously, out
of all proportion, out of sight [coll.] ; too,
too-too [ slang].
21. adv. ( in a marked degree) remark-
ably, particularly, singularly; curiously,
oddly, uncommonly, uncommon [dial.
and col!.], unusually, extraordinarily, pe-
culiarly, strangely, queerly; famously,
egregiously, prominently, glaringly, no-
tably, signally, strikingly, pointedly, em-
phatically ; wonderfully [coll.], wonder-
ful [dial.], wondrous, amazingly, amaz-
ing [dial.], surprisingly, astonishingly,
incredibly, marvelously, awfully [coll.],
awful [dial, and coll.], stupendously.
22. adv. (in a violent degree) vio-
lently, furiously, terrificly [coll.], se-
verely, desperately, desperate [dial and
coll.] , with a vengeance ; all to pieces, all
to sticks or sticks and staves, all to smash,
all to smithereens [all coll.].
23. adv. (in a painful or distressing de-
gree) painfully, sadly, sorely, bitterly,
pitcoudy, grievously /miserably, cruelly,
woefully, lamentably, balefully, dolor-
ously, distressingly;' shockingly, fright-
fully [coll.], awfully [coll.], awful [dial
and coll], dreadfully [coll.], dreadful
[dial, and coll.], terribly [coll], terrible
[diaL and slang], horribly [coll.], hor-
rible [slang] t abominably [coll.], some-
thing awful, ierce or terrible [slang],
the worst way [slang].
24* adv. (in an infamous degree) curs-
edly, confoundedly, damnably, devilishly
[coll.], deucedly [slang], dashedly
[coll.], darned [coll.], blamed or blame
[coll.], plaguily [coll.], plaguy [coll.],
infernally [coll.], hellishly, hell-firedly or
hell-fired [slang], all-firedly or all-fired
[ slang J, bally [slang, Eng.], bloody
[slang, Eng.], bleeding [slang, Eng.],
beastly [coll.].
32. Smallness
(See 31. Greatness; also 193. Littleness)
1. n, smallness, littleness, picayunish-
ness [U.S.] etc. adj.; tenuity; diminu-
tiveness etc. (small size) 193; paucity,
fewness etc (small number) 103; insig-
nificance etc. (unimportance) 643; inex-
tension etc. i8oa.
2. n. small quantity, finite quantity,
modicum, minimum ; vanishing point ;
material point, atom, particle, electron,
molecule, corpuscle, point, speck, fly-
speck, dot, mote, jot, iota, hooter [dial,
and slang], hoot [slang], ace; look,
thought, idea, dab [dial, and coll.], dablet
[coll.], drab [coll.], canch [dial.], dight
[dial.], whit, tittle, shade, shadow, sus-
picion; spark, scintilla, gleam, glim
[Scot.] ; touch, cast.
grain, scruple, granule, globule, minim,
sup, sip, sop, spice, drop, droplet, driblet,
sprinkling, dash, morceau [F.] screed
[Scot,], smack, taste, smell, lick, tinge,
tincture; inch, patch, scantling, cantle,
cantlet, gobbet, dole, pittance, mite
[chiefly coll.], bit, little bit [coll.], soup-
gon [F.], small dose, homeopathic dose
[coll] ; morsel, crumb, scrimption [dial.] ,
smidge or smidgen [dial, U.S.], smitch
[coll], snitch [coll.].
scrap, tatter, flitter [coll.], smither
[coll.], smithereen [coll.], shivereen
[ Scot, and North. Eng. ] , smatter [ Scot. ] ,
shred, tag, splinter, rag; seed, fritter,
shive; snip, snippet ; snick, snack [dial] ;
snatch, slip; chip, chipping; shiver [dial
and coll.], sliver, clipping, paring, shav-
ing, hair ; nutshell ; thimbleful, spoonful,
handful, capful, mouthful ; mere nothing,
next to nothing, hardly anything, just
enough to swear by, a drop in the bucket
or ocean, the shadow of a shade, the sus-
picion of a suspicion; minutiae, details;
^f^ti min * m [Fr0m th gmtest **** 32 ^ ways *** Gods * ive wH things to the
m roe least j. small CAUJMACBUS. For the proverb
19
fragment, fraction etc. (small part) 51 ;
animalcule etc. 193.2-4 ; trifle etc. (unim-
portant thing) 643,3 J a few etc- 103.2.
3. n. minutiae etc. (particulars) 79.3,
(trivia) 643.4.
4. v. be small etc. adj., lie in a nutshell ;
cut no ice [slang], not amount to a hill
of beans [coll.] ; be found wanting, kick
the beam.
5. v. diminish etc. (decrease) 36; con-
tract etc. 195.4.
6. adj. small, little, dinky [slang],
puny ; minute, miniature, minikin ; di-
minutive etc. (small in size) 193.8.
7. adj. limited, conditioned, circum-
scribed, bounded, finite; part-way, half-
way.
8. adj. inconsiderable, insignificant,
picaytmish [U.S.], moderate, modest,
light, slender, slight, sparse, homeo-
pathic [coll.] ; scant, scanty; scrimp,
scrimpy [coll.] ; skimp, skimpy [coll.],
skimping [chiefly coll.] ; middling, toler-
able, passable, indifferent, fair, fairish,
fair to middling [coll.], soso or so-so
[coll.], no great shakes [coll.] ; below or
under par, below or under the mark ; shal-
low, depthless, cursory, superficial, skin-
deep ; short, brief, low ; at a low ebb, at
low- water mark ; meager, scarce etc. (in-
sufficient) 640.9, ro; few etc. 103. 3; triv-
ial, petty, paltry etc. (unimportant)
643.10-12.
g. adj. inappreciable, evanescent etc.
(infinitesimal) 193.10.
10. adj. dainty, delicate, puny, tender;
subtle, subtile ; fragile etc. (frail) r6o.li.
11. adj. mere, simple, sheer, stark,
bare, plain.
12. adv. (in a small degree) smally
[rare], slightly etc. adj.; to a small ex-
tent, on a small scale ; imperfectly, faintly,
feebly, weakly, miserably, wretchedly ; in-
sufficiently etc. 640.13.
13. adv. (in a certain or limited de-
gree) partially, partly, in part ; to a cer-
tain degree or extent, to such an extent,
pro tanfo [LJ ; comparatively, relatively ;
simply, only, purely, merely ; at least, at
the least; at most, at the most; in ever
saith that many small makea a great. CHAU-
CER. The microscope cannot find the ani-
malcule which is less perfect for being little,
EMER&OK. Let a man once overcome his
selfish terror at his own fhutedc, and his
rmttwk is, in aae sense, overcome,- SANIA-
32.2-33.2
so small a degree, evef so little, as little
as may be, tant soit peu [F.] ; thus far,
within bounds, in a manner, in a manner
of speaking [coll.] , after a fashion.
14. adv. (in some degree) in some
measure, to some extent, somewhat, some
[coll.], something [chiefly coll.], some-
thing like | coll.] , rather, ratherish [coll.] ,
kind of [coll.], sort of [coll.], pretty;
moderately, passably, tolerably, tolerable
[dial.], middling [coll.], middling of
[dial.], soso or so-so [coll.], pretty well,
well enough; imperfectly etc. 651.5.
15. adv. etc. almost, most [coll. and
dial.], nearly, near, nigh, nigh about,
nigh on or upon [dial.],, well-nigh, near
or close upon, pretty near, around [coll.] ,
pen sen jaitt [F.] ; near the mark, within
an ace or inch of, on the brink of; not
quite, all but,
1 6. adv. etc. scarcely, hardly, barely/
only just, no more than.
17. adv. etc. (in an uncertain degree)
about, thereabouts, somewhere about or
near, around, circa [L.J, nearly, approxi-
mately, say; the same more or less, the
same little more or less.
1 8. adv. (in no degree) noway or fio
ways, nowise, in no wise, in no respect*
by na means, by no manner of means, on
no account, at no hand, not at all, not by
a darn sight or long shot [slang} # not in
the least, not rrroch [coll.}, not a bit, not
a bit of it y not a whit, ~ jot, ~ shadow
etc, n.
33. Superiority
(See 34. Inferiority)
1. n. superiority, pre-eminence, pre-
eminency [now rare} ;. precedence, prior-
ity, lead y transcendence or transcend-
ency ; ascendance or aseendence, ascend^
ancy or ascendency, prestige, prepotemee
or prepotency,, prepollence or prepol-
lency ; prevalence or prevalency, prevail-
ment [all rare] ; predominance or pre-
dominancy, predomination.; preponder-
ance or preponderancy, preponderation
[rare}; excellence etc.. 648; importance
etc. 642 } greatness, etc. 3.1 ; majority etc,
100.2 ; perfection etc., 6501
2. n. advantage,- vantage Cupper or ^hip
3-3*. No* two* men* caw be harlf air htrar together
but one shaH acqjiwe- an evident siageiriorat3f vef
the- other. jEoHNraDBf. You're at better man
tfeaw I am*. Gnogat- Di!^I&iiLrN*L Np iBan
can ever end with being superior who wiM not
332-34.1
hand, odds, inside track [coll.] ; edge,
bulge, jump, drop, deadwood, pull over
[all slang] ; superior or commanding po-
sition, vantage ground, ^ point or post,
advantage ground [rare], eminence
fobs.], height; leverage etc. (influence)
1/5-
3. n. supremacy, supremeness etc. adj.,
supremity [rare] ; primacy, paramountcy,
the highest degree, nc plus ultra [L.] ;
leadership, headship, sovereignty etc.
(dominion) 73/.2, 3; the highest posi-
tion, crest, maximum, climax etc. ( sum-
mit) 210.
4. n. a superior, higher-up [slang] ;
superior being, superman, superhuman
[rare], Triton among the minnows; ace,
crackajack [slang, U.S.], heavyweight
[coll., U.S.] ; superioress [of a convent]
etc. (clergy) 9(36.12; top sawyer [coll.]
etc. 642.6; master etc. 745.
5. v. be superior etc. adj., possess su-
periority etc. H., exceed, excel, transcend.
rival, cap ; top, overtop, o'ertop ; overpays,
override, overmatch; preponderate, pre-
dominate, prevail ; distance, surpass,
pass, be ahead of; beat, beat hollow or all
hollow [coll.], play the leading part, play
first fiddle, beat the band [slang] , cut out
[coll.], come it all over [slang], have it
all over [coll.], skin [slang], skin a mile
[slang].
outdo, outpoint, outprize [obs. exc.
dial.], outstrip, outplay, outrival, outrank,
out-Tory, out-Herod Herod; get ahead
of, outweigh, outbalance, over weigh,
overbalance, overbear; eclipse, throw
into the shade, take the shine out of
[coll.], put one's nose out of joint [coll.] ;
precede, take precedence, come or rank
first, come to the front, lead, lead the way,
lead the dance, take the lead ; beat or sur-
pass all others, beat all creation [coll.],
bear the palm, bear away the bell, bring
home the bacon [coll., U.S.], take the
cake [slang, U.S.] ; break the record,
reach a new high [coll.].
6. v. have the advantage or ascend-
ancy, have superiority over, have the up-
per or whip hand, have the pull over
[slang], have the edge on, ^ bulge on,
"*> dead wood on, ^ jump or drop on [all
slang], have the inside track [coll.] , have
with being Inferior, S. SMITH. In-
feriors reYoIt in order that they may be equal,
and equals that they may be superior. ARIS-
TOTLE.
20
the better or best of, have on the hip;
change the preponderance, turn the scale
or balance, turn the tables ; gain the as-
cendancy etc. 731.8.
7. adj. superior, greater, better, major,
higher, upper, over, above; surpassing,
exceeding etc. v. ; ascendant, in the as-
cendant, in ascendancy ; eminent, distin-
guished, marked ; more than a match for,
one (or two, three, etc.) up on [slang].
8. adj. supreme, greatest, bannei
[chiefly coll.], highest, maximal, maxi-
mum, utmost, uppermost, top, topmost,
tiptop [coll.], top-notch [coll.], top-hole
[ slang, chiefly Eng.] , A I, A one, A num-
ber i | coll. f, of the first water; para-
mount, chief, main, principal, leading,
dominant, predominant, hegemonic (al),
crowning, capital, cardinal; prime, pri-
mary; pre-eminent, supereminent ; rul-
ing, overruling.
peerless, matchless, unmatched, un-
rivaled, unparagoned, unparalleled, un-
equaled, unapproached, unsurpassed, un-
excelled, champion [chiefly coll.] ; in-
imitable, incomparable, beyond compare
or comparison, nc phis ultra [L.], easily
first, facile prince ps [L.] , second to none,
nulli secundus [L.], sans pareil [F.],
without equal or parallel, superlative,
transcendent or transcendental ; sover-
eign, suzerain ; plus royaliste que le roi
f F.] ; best etc. 648.9 ; perfect etc. 650.5.
9. adv., prep, beyond, more, over ; over
or above the mark, above par ; in advance
of, upwards of, over and above, in addi-
tion to; at the top of the scale, at its
height.
10. adv. (in a superior or supreme de-
gree) eminently, egregiously [obs. exc.
humorous], prominently, remarkably;
pre-eminently, surpassingly, superla-
tively, supremely, of all things, the most,
to crown all, par excellence [F.] ; princi-
pally, especially, particularly, peculiarly,
mainly, in the main, in the first place, be-
fore everything else, above all, to crown
all ; a fortiori [L.], even, yea, still more,
all the more.
34. Inferiority
(See 33. Superiority)
i. w. inferiority, subordinacy, subor-
dinancy [obs.], subordinance [obs.], sub-
34. Exaggerated sensitiveness is an expres-
sion of the feeling of inferiority. ABLER.
21
34.1-35.7
ordination, subjacency [rare], secondari-
ness etc. adj. ; deficiency, inadequacy, in-
adequation [arch.], imperfection; poor-
ness, smallness, littleness, meanness,
baseness, shabbiness; back seat [coll.],
second fiddle ; lowest degree, minimum ;
shortcoming etc. 304.
2. n. (personal inferiority) juniority,
minority ; subservience, subjection ; in-
feriority complex ; commonalty etc. 8/6.
3. n. an inferior, underling, under-
strapper, subordinate, subsidiary, subal-
tern, sub [coll.], secondary, second fiddle,
second-stringer [slang, U.S.], bottom
sawyer [coll.] ; henchman, liege etc.
(servant) 746.
4. v. be inferior etc. adj. f fall or come
short of, not come up to, not pass, want,
be found wanting, kick the beam; con-
cede superiority, hand it to [slang], yield
the palm, retire into the shade, hide its
diminished head, play second fiddle, take
a back seat [coll.] ; be unequal to etc.
28.2 ; be smaller etc. 195.5.
5. adj. inferior, deterior [rare] , smaller,
less, lesser, lower, subordinate, subaltern,
sub, secondary, minor, junior, humble ;
not fit to hold a candle to, not a marker
on or to [slang], not a circumstance to
[coll., U.S.], not a patch on [coll.] ; in
the shade, thrown into the shade; left a
mile [coll.], not in it [slang], out of the
picture [coll.] ; weighed in the balance
and found wanting; beat, skinned etc.
(see skin etc. 33.5) ; deficient, second-rate
etc. (imperfect) 651.4; unimportant etc.
643.10-12; small etc. 32.6-11; bad etc.
649.8.
6. adj. most inferior, lowest; least,
smallest etc. (see little, small etc. 193.8).
7. adv., prep, less, under, below, short
of, under or below the mark, under par, at
a low ebb ; at the bottom of the scale, at
the bottom of the heap [slang, U.S.] ; at
a disadvantage.
35. Increase
(See 36. Decrease ; also 37. Addition,
194. Expansion)
i. n. increase, increasement [rare] ;
augmentation, enlargement, extension,
Weighed in the balance and found wanting.
35. Vires acquirit eundo [It gains strength as
it goes], VERGIL. He enlargeth the nations,
and straiteneth them again. BIBLE. They
increment, accretion, aggrandizement, ac-
cumulation ; enhancement, reinforcement,
redoubling, intensification, aggravation,
magnification, exaggeration ; exacerba-
tion, exacerbescence [obs.] ; advance, ap-
preciation, rise or raise [as in price],
boost [slang, U.S.], hike [slang], up
[coll.] ; flood tide, spring tide; dilation,
inflation etc. (expansion) 194; accession
etc. (addition) 37; spread etc. (disper-
sion) 73 ; improvement etc. 658.
2. n. gain, produce, product, profit,
getting, gettings, take [slang, U.S."
take-in [coll.], rake-off [slang, U.S.
booty, plunder, superlucration [obs.~
cleanup [slang].
3. v. increase, make greater, augment,
add to, enlarge, largify [dial.], eke [arch,
and dial.], extend, aggrandize; greaten
[arch.], biggen [chiefly dial., Eng.],
lengthen, heighten, deepen, thicken; en-
hance, strengthen, reinforce, amplify, in-
tensify, step up [coll.], aggravate, mag-
nify, exaggerate ; double, redouble, triple
etc.; expand, distend, inflate; raise, ex-
alt, boost [slang], hike or hike up
[slang], jack or jack up [coll.], up
[coll.] ; add fuel to the flame, oleum ad-
dere camino [L.] ; add etc. 37.3, 4;
spread etc. (disperse) 73.3 ; improve etc.
658.6.
4. v. be increased, become greater, in-
crease, grow, augment, advance, appre-
ciate [coll. exc. in value], look up [coll.],
wax, get ahead, gain strength, run or
shoot up; multiply, prolificate, be pro-
lific or fruitful; rise, mount etc. (as-
cend) 305.4; enlarge, expand etc. (be-
come larger) 194.5-7.
5. adj. increased, enlarged etc. v. ; un-
diminished, unreduced etc. (see diminish,
reduce etc. 36.3, 4) ; additional etc.
(added \ 37.7.
6. adj. increasing, growing, crescent,
crescive [rare], lengthening, multiplying,
intensifying, intensive, intensitive [rare] ,
incretionary [rare] ; on the increase, cre-
scendo.
7. adv. increasingly etc. adj., cre-
scendo.
go from strength to strength. BIBLE. The
Fraction of Life can be increased in value not
so much by increasing your numerator as by
lessening your denominator. CARLYLE. We
are here to add what we can to, not to get
what we can from, Life. OSLER. Tall oaks
from little acorns grow.~D. EVERETT.
36,1-37*8
36. Decrease
(See 35. Increase; also 38. Deduction,
195, Contraction)
1. n. decrease, decrescence, diminish-
ment, diminution, lessening etc. v., al-
leviation, mitigation, curtailment, cut, re-
duction, step-down [coll.], refaatement
[rare], abatement, letup [coll.], declen-
sion; attenuation, extenuation; decre-
ment, waste, loss, shrinkage, deprecia-
tion, wear and tear, erosion, consump-
tion ; subtraction etc. 38 ; contraction etc.
195 ; abridgment etc. (shortening) 201,2 ;
moderation etc. 174-
2. n. subsidence, decline, slump [coll.],
lapse, wane, reflux, ebb, ebb tide, neap
tide, ebbing ; catabasis [Med.].
3. v. decrease, diminish, lessen, grow
less; subside, decline, wane, ebb, bate,
abate, let up, languish, dwindle, melt or
die away, tail off, drop off, fall off, fall
away, fall to a low ebb, run low ; waste,
wear, waste or wear away, crumble,
erode, consume, consume away, tabefy
[rare] ; retire into the shade, hide its
diminishing head ; shrink etc. (contract)
195.4; descend etc. 306.4.
4. v. reduce, render less, lessen^ de-
crease, diminish, minish [rare], minify
[rare], minimize, belittle; dwarf, be-
dwarf ; bate, abate ; deliquesce, ease, re-
mit ; attenuate, extenuate, weaken ; lower,
step down [coll.], tune down [coll.] ;take
from, take away ; fritter away ; compress,
constrict etc. (contract) 195.4 J abbrevi-
ate, curtail etc. (shorten) 201.4; miti-
gate etc. (moderate) 1/4-5; subtract,
pare etc. (deduct) 38.4-6 ; reduce weight
etc. 203.8.
5. adj. decreased, decreasing etc, *v.\
decrescent, reductive; deliquescent, con-
tractive ; decrescendo.
6. adv. decreasingly etc. adj,, decre-
scendo, an the wane etc. n.
37. Addition
(See 38. Deduction; also 35, Increase,
39. Adjunct)
i* n. addition, additory, adjection
[rare], accession, reinforcement; super-
36. Wlwt a. fettfay of was t&erel SHAKE-
gr&AjtE* WW fcveth w the palac^ hall /
Waoetli feit and ipeoddth all- EMERSON
My dty* are tike 9 shadow that decBrwtb; and
I am withered like grass, BIBUC.
37. Adde panxtm PQTVO magmts QCGTVHS erit
22
addition, superposition, super] unction,
superf etation ; annexation, joining etc.
(junction) 43; augmentation, increment
etc, (increase) 35 ; appendage, affix etc.
(adjunct) 39; interjection etc. 228.2; in-
sertion etc. 300,
2. n. computation, adding, footing,
totaling, casting, reckoning, calculation,
summation; count, cast, total, tottle
[dial.], tot or tot-up [coll, chiefly Eng,] ;
plus sign, plus; sum, gross amount etc.
(all) 50.2.
3. v. add, annex, affix, plus [coll],
clap on, saddle on, tack on, tuck on
[slang], hitch on [coll.], slap on [coll.],
append, tag, adject [rare], attach, hitch
up [coll.], postfix, adjoin [rare] ; super-
add, superpose, superimpose ; fix a bur-
den upon, burden, encumber, saddle with ;
interpose etc. (interject) 228,8; infix, in-
graft etc, (insert) 300.5, 6.
4. v. reinforce, restrengthen, recruit,
add to, swell the ranks of; fortify, but-
tress etc. (strengthen) 159,8; enlarge,
augment etc. (increase) 35.3.
5. v. compute, add, add up, foot up,
count up, total, tottle [dial], tot or tot
up [coll], cast, cast up, sum, sum up,
count up, reckon, reckon up [coll.], cal-
culate, figure, figure out or up, enumer-
ate, numerate, number, cipher ; figure in
[coll], include in a reckoning.
6. i3. become added, accrue; super-
vene, advene.
7. adj. added, annexed etc, v. ; addi-
tional, supplemental, supplementary, sup-
plement; suppletive [rare], suppletory;
addititious, adjectitious fobs.], adsciti-
tious, ascititious, subjunctive, superven-
ient [rare], extraneous; extra, plus,
further, fresh, more, new, ulterior, other,
remanent [chiefly Scot,], auxiliary, su-
pernumerary, contributary, accessory ;
spare, surplus; additive, additory; in*
creased etc. 35.5.
8. adv. additionally etc. v., in addi-
tion, also, and also, and eke [arch.], and
all [coll.], as well, too, else, besides, to
boot, into the bargain, at that [coll],
over and above, on top of . . . , beyond,
plus, overplus, extra, on the side [slang] ,
more, moreover, au reste [F.], further,
furthermore, yet, similarly, likewise ;
item.
[Add Httte to littl^ and there will be a
hap].-^OviP. This pluralistic view of a
world of additive constitution. W. JAMES.
23
37,9 ~39a
9. />r#/>. by the addition of, with, withal
[chiefly arch.], including, inclusive of. as
well as, not to mention, let alone [coll],
along or together with, coupled with, in
conjunction with ; jointly etc. 43.14.
10. conj. etc. and, and also, also [coll] ,
in addition to, plus, added or linked to,
along or together with, as well as, as at
the same time, in addition to being, with
the addition or increment of, with an ad-
dition, attended by.
11. phr. et cetera, et caetera, etc. ; and
so on, and so forth, and others, and others
of the same or similar kind, and other
things, and everything else, and every-
thing [coll.], and the rest, and all [coll.],
and all that [coll.], and suchlike, and the
like, and all like that [slang], and stuff
like that [slang], and whatnot, and I
don't know what [coll.], and what have
you [slang] ; cum multis aliis [L.].
38. Deduction
(See 37. Addition; also 36. Decrease,
3ga. Decrement)
i n. deduction, subtraction, subduc-
tion, removal ; sublation [rare] , ablation,
abstraction ; retrenchment ; abrasion ; ab-
breviation, curtailment etc. 201.2 ; reduc-
tion etc. (decrease) 36; decrement, re-
bate etc. (thing deducted) 3Qa.
2. n* excision, recision [rare], abscis-
sion ; amputation, mutilation ; truncation,
detruncation, obtruncation.
3. w. (mathematics) subtraction, take-
away [slang] ; subtrahend, subtract
[obs.] ; minuend; subtraction or minus
sign, minus*
4. v. deduct, deduce, subduct, reduct
[dial] , subtract, minus [coll.] , take from,
take away, remove, withdraw, abstract,
discount; rebate [obs.], bate fobs. exc.
fig.] ; detract; decimate; diminish etc.
(reduce) 36.4; curtail etc. (shorten)
2014.
5* v. excise, abscind [rare], cut out,
retrench [rare], extirpate, expunge,
erase, wipe out, rub out, blot out, strike
out, cancel; delete, dele; thin, thin out,
weed; discard etc. 678.3.
38. If \ye take a farthing from a thousand
pounds, it will be a thousand pounds no longer.
GOLDSMITH. And take from seventy
springs a score, / It only leaves me fifty more.
'
6. v. cut off, retrench, amputate, muti-
late ; truncate, detruncate, obtruncate ;
prune, pare, peel, clip, crop, dock, lop,
nip, snub, shear, shave, skive, mow ; clip
off, shave off etc. ; abrade, scrape off, file
off, rub off, grind off; pollard.
7. v. geld, castrate, cut [dial, and coll.] ,
alter [coll.], spay [a female], capon or
caponize [a cock], emasculate, evirate
[rare], unman, effemitdze, eunuchize,
sterilize.
8. adj. deducted etc. v., deductive, de-
ducible, subtractive, ablatitious [rare].
9. adj. tailless, acattdal, acaudate.
10. adv. in deduction etc. n.
n. prep, minus, less, short of, out
[slang], diminished by, with the subtrac-
tion or deduction of, with the rejection
of, without, lacking, leaving or left out,
excepting, except, with the exception of,
barring, bar, save, save and except, exclu-
sive of, excluding.
39. Adjunct
(See also 37. Addition)
Thing Added. i. n. adjunct, addi-
tion, additament, addititm [L.], ad-
dendum (pL addenda), affix, appendage,
and [coll.], annex, annexe [F.], annexa-
tion, augment, augmentation, accession,
increment, reinforcement, supernumer-
ary, appurtenance, appurtenant, acces-
sory, item, adjective, expletive, comple-
ment, supplement, continuation, exten-
sion; pendant, rider, offshoot, episode,
side issue, corollary; codicil, subscript,
postscript, prefix, suffix, appendix; ac-
companiment etc. 88 ; insertion etc, 300.3.
2. n. tab, tag, flap, lug, lapel, apron, fly,
tuck, lap, lappet, skirt ; embroidery, frills
or frillery [coll.] ; trappings, traps
[coll.] ; cortege [F.] or cortege, retinue;
afterpart etc. 65.2.
3. n. (building) wing, addition, annex,
annexe [F.], extension, ell or L.
4. adj. winged, alate, alated.
39a. Decrement
(See also 38* Deduction)
Thing Deducted. n. decrement, dis-
count, deduction, eduction, tare, offtake,
take-off [slang], drawback, draft or
draught, reprise ; rebate f rebatemeiit ; de-
fect, loss, shrinkage, waste ; afterglow.
40.1 -4L5
24
40. Remainder
Thing Remaining. i. n. remainder,
remainders, remains, remanence, rem-
nant, remanet [rare], residue, residuum
(pi. residua), rest, balance [coll.], relicts
[rare], relics [poetic], leavings, left-
overs; oddments, odds and ends, scraps,
orts, candle ends, rags; parings, cheese-
parings, scobs, raspings, filings, shavings,
sawdust; chaff, straw, stubble; detritus,
debris or debris, ruins; skeleton, fossil,
shadow; stump, butt [as of a cigar],
rump, fag end ; plugs [publishers' slang] ;
castoff skin etc. 223.13.
2. n. dregs, sordes, grounds, lees,
mother [obs.], dross, sprue, slag, draff,
recrement, scoria (pi. scoriae), feces or
faeces, residue etc. above] caput mortmim
|L. ; old Chem.]; sediment, settlement,
settlings, bottoms, deposit; heeltap or
heeltaps; precipitate, precipitation, sub-
limate [Chem.] ; alluvium, alluvion, dilu-
vium ; silt, loess, moraine ; sweepings ;
scourings, offscourings ; scum, off scum,
froth ; ash, ember, cinder, sinter, clinker,
coal, carbon, charcoal, lava; soot, smut;
refuse, waste etc. (rubbish) 645.4; fecu-
lence, scurf etc. (offal) 653.6; condensa-
tion etc. 321.3.
3. n. result, resultant, eliminant
[Math.] ; educt, eduction.
4. n. surplus, surplusage, overplus, su-
perplus [obs. exc. Scot.], overage, over-
set, leftover, redundant, balance [com-
mercial slang], carry-over ; survival, sur-
vivance [rare] ; excess, superfluity etc.
(redundance) 641.
5. v. remain, be left etc. ad/., survive,
subsist.
6. adj. remaining, left, leftover, sur-
plus, remanent, supplementary, over, odd,
surviving ; unconsumed, unused ; residu-
ary, residual; sedimentary, sedimental;
exceeding, over and above ; supernumer-
ary, spare, to spare ; outlying, outstand-
ing; superfluous etc. (redundant) 641.5
41. Mixture
(See 42. SImpleness; also 43. Junction)
i. n. mixture, admixture, admixtion;
commixture, commixtion [obs.] ; inter-
mixture, immixture, minglement, eucrasy
40. Round the decay / Of that colossal wreck,
boundless and bare / The lone and level sands
tretdi far away, SHELLEY. It is strange
[Med.], fusion, interfusion, intertangle-
ment, interlacement, interlacery, inter-
texture ; interlarding, interlardation ;
amalgamation, alloyage ; levigation ; mat-
rimony, marriage; intermarriage, inter-
breeding ; junction etc. 43 ; multiformity
etc. Si ; combination etc. 48.
2. n. imbuement, impregnation, infu-
sion, diffusion, suffusion, transfusion, in-
filtration, permeation, pervasion, penetra-
tion ; seasoning, sprinkling ; adulteration,
sophistication, corruption; interpolation
etc. (interjection) 228.2.
3. n. (thing mixed) tinge, tincture,
touch, clash, smack, sprinkling, spice, sea-
soning, infusion, soupgon [F.].
4. n. (compound resulting from mix-
ture) mixture, admixture etc. above 41.1 ;
compound, combination, combo [slang,
U.S.] , composition, compo [slang, U.S.] ,
tertium quid [L.] ; miscellany, melange
[F.], medley, varied assortment, mess,
muss [coll., U.S.], mux [dial.], mix-up
[coll.], mix [chiefly coll.], hash, hodge-
podge, hotchpotch, hotchpot, chowchow.
pasticcio [It.] , patchwork, odds and ends,
all sorts, omnium-gatherum [coll.], what
the cat brought in [coll. U.S.], Noah's
ark ; salad, sauce, mash, gallimaufry, olla-
podrida, olio, salmagundi, potpourri,
stew, mulligan [slang, U.S.] ; amalgam,
alloy ; brass, pewter ; paste, magma ; tex-
ture ; mingled yarn ; mosaic etc. (variega-
tion) 440; jumble etc. (confusion) 59.2.
5. n. mongrel, crossbreed, cross, hy-
brid; mustee or mestee [W. Ind. and
Ind. ], metis, metisse [F.], mestizo [Sp.],
(jem. mestizo) ; half-breed, half blood,
half-caste; mulatto, high yellow [coll.,
U.S.], sepian [slang, U.S.], kelt or keltch
[dial, and slang, U.S.] , three-quarter kelt
or keltch [dial, and slang, U.S.] ; quad-
roon, quarteroon, quarteron ; quinteroon,
quinteron, quintroon; octoropn, octpon
[rare] ; sambo or zambo, cafuzo, Eura-
sian, Americanadian [coll.], fustee [W.
Ind.], ladino, marabou, sacatra [U.S.] ;
griffe or griffin [local, U.S.], griffado,
grijado [Sp.] ; zebrule or zebrula, zebrass,
cattalo, mule ; pomato, citrange, tangelo,
that men should see sublime inspiration in the
ruins of an old church and see none in the
ruins of a man. CHESTERTON.
41. There is also a mixture of good and evil
wisely distributed by God. ATTERBURY.
"The time has come," the Walrus said, / "To
talk of many things: / Of shoes and ships
and sealing-wax / Of cabbages and kings.
plumcot; drop of black blood, touch of
the tar brush [coll.].
6. v. mix, commix, inimix, intermix,
mingle, commingle, immingle ; inter-
mingle, bemingle, scramble; throw to-
gether, pound together ; stir up, hash up
[chiefly coll.] ; mix up with, associate
with ; amalgamate, alloy ; mix thoroughly,
levigate ; knead, brew ; cross, crossbreed,
interbreed, intermarry, hybridize, mis-
cegenate ; put together, join etc. 43.5 ;
blend, fuse, etc. (combine) 48.3; inter-
twine, interweave etc. (interlace) 219.8;
interlard etc. (interject) 228.8, 9; mix
up, shuffle etc. (derange) 61.2-5; varie-
gate etc. 440.4.
7. v. be mixed etc., get among, be en-
tangled with.
8. v. imbue, infuse, suffuse, transfuse,
instill, infiltrate, saturate, impregnate,
lace [as tea], fortify [a beverage], flavor,
dash, tinge, tincture, entincture, season,
sprinkle, besprinkle ; medicate, drug,
dope or dope up [slang] ; attemper, di-
lute, cut [coll.] ; adulterate, sophisticate,
corrupt, doctor or doctor up [coll.],
hocus [coll.]; infect, contaminate; per-
vade etc. 186.12; -interfuse etc. (inter-
penetrate) 228.9.
g. adj. mixed etc. v., implex [rare],
composite, medley, linsey-woolsey, chow-
chow, heterogeneous, miscellaneous ; pro-
miscuous, indiscriminate; half-and-half,
fifty-fifty [slang, U.S.] ; variegated etc.
440.5-1 o %
10. adj. mongrel, hybrid, amphibious,
crossbred, crossed ; half-blooded, half-
breed, half-bred, half-caste.
n. prep, among, amongst, 7 mongst;
amid, mid or f mid, amidst, midst or
'midst, in the midst of, in the thick of;
with, together with.
42. Simpleness
(See 41. Mixture)
Freedom from Mixture. i. n. simple-
ness, simplicity, purity, homogeneity ;
homozygousness, homozygosity.
2. n. elimination, riddance, shut [dial. ] ,
exclusion, rejection, ejection, expulsion,
evacuation; purification, defecation etc.
(cleaning) 652.2.
CARROLL. I like a bit of a mongrel myself
whether it's a man oir a dog: they're the best
fox everyday. S
415-43.2
3. v. simplify, render simple etc. adj.,
reduce to simplicity etc. n., disinvolve,
disintricate ; disentangle etc. 60.9.
4. 2;. eliminate, exclude, count out, re-
ject, eject, expel, abstract, discard, get
rid of, get shut of [dial.], bilge [sea
slang], chuck [slang] ; clear, clear away,
clear the decks ; weed or weed out [chiefly
coll.], pick out; sift, winnow etc. (re-
fine) 652.10; purge, purify etc. (clean)
652.9.
5. adj. simple, uniform, of a piece, sin-
gle, homogeneous; pure, pur et simple
[F.] , pure and simple, Attic, clear, sheer,
neat ; plain, homespun.
6. adj. unmixed, unmingled, un-
blended, uncombined, uncompounded, in-
composite [rare], incomplex; unadulter-
ated, unsophisticated, unalloyed, un-
tinged, unfortified; elemental, elemen-
tary ; free or exempt from, exclusive.
7. adv. simply, purely, singly etc. adj. ;
solely, only, alone.
43. Junction
(See 44. Disjunction; also 41. Mixture,
48. Combination)
1. n. junction, joining, meeting etc. v. ;
joinder, union, accouplement, concur-
rence, connection, hookup [spec, coll.],
tie-up [coll.], tie-in [coll.] ; conjunction,
conjuncture, conjugation; annexion, an-
nexation, annexment [rare] ; sub junc-
tion ; ligation, alligation [rare] ; compagi-
nation, structure; interrelation, intercon-
nection, intertexture, interdigitation, in-
ter joinder.
blending, inosculation, anastomosis,
confluence, concatenation, interlinking,
interlocking, infibulation ; restriction, as-
rriction; coalescence, symphysis; con-
course, consolidation, alliance, coalition,
combine [coll.] ; coupling, copulation
[Chem.] ; communication, intercourse;
reunion, reune [coll.] ; marriage etc. 903 ;
assemblage etc. 72 ; combination etc. 48 ;
mixture etc. 41 ; coherence etc. 46, addi-
tion etc. 37.
2. n. coition, coitus, copulation, copula
[chiefly Law], sexual congress, sexual
connection or conjunction, intercourse,
43. In every union there is a mystery a cer-
tain invisible bond which must not be dis-
turbed AMIEL. What therefore God.bgth
joined together, let not man put asuickr^-
BIBLE. Were there not an identity xa tfacf
43.2-44.4
sexual intercourse ; procreation etc. (gen-
eration) 161.2: fructification etc. 168.1.
3. n. joint, jint [dial], joining, junc-
ture, connection, articulation ; pivot,
hinge, elbow, knee; weld, welded joint;
splice, node [Bot], suture, stitch, raphe;
hitch, gilligan hitch [coll., West. U.S.] ;
closure, seam, commissure I Tech.] ; gore,
gusset ; miter, mortise, dovetail ; intersec-
tion, decussation ; chiasm, chiasma ; oscu-
lation, osculature [rare] ; link, bond, knot
etc. 45-
4. n. joiner [spec, coll., U.S.] , annexa-
tionist.
5. z'. join, unite, unify, combine, incor-
porate, compound, conjoin, connect,
meet, associate, consolidate, league, link,
band ; put together, lay together, clap to-
gether, hang together, hold together,
lump together, piece together, tack to-
gether, fix together, bind up together, roll
into one ; embody, re-embody ; reunite,
reune [coll.] ; bridge over, span; mingle,
etc. (mix) 41.6; enlist etc. (become a
member) 712.8; unite with etc. (league)
48.3, 4; relate etc. 9.4.
6. v. attach, fix, affix, saddle on, fasten,
bind, secure, immobilize [rare], clinch,
make fast etc. adj. tie, pinion, string,
strap, hitch, hook up [coll.], lash, leash,
truss, bandage, swathe, swaddle, gird,
girth, cinch, harness ; tie up, tether, moor,
picket, stake out ; forefoot [slang, West.
U.S.], hog-tie [coll, U.S.], put a half
nelson on [coll.], get a strangle hold on.
sew, lace, stitch, tack, knit ; splice, bend
[Naut. slang] ; button, buckle; lock,
latch; belay, brace, grapple; hook, link,
yoke, poke [coll., U.S.], couple, acouple,
copulate [Chem.], bracket; chain, pin,
nail, screw, bolt, hasp, clasp, clamp,
rivet ; fuse, fuse together; wedge, rabbet,
mortise, miter, jam, dovetail, enchase, set ;
graft, ingraft; inosculate, anastomose;
tighten, trice up, screw up ; append, an-
nex etc. (add) 37.3 ; glue, weld etc. (ce-
ment) 46.7; fetter, shackle etc. (bind)
7517-
7. v. intertwine, interlink etc. (inter-
lace) 219.8.
8. t\ copulate, unite in sexual inter-
course, have sexual congress etc. n.. come
together; board, jazz, niggle [all slang] ;
.substance, men nod women might join, but they
cwjH new nnify rf *-owKiiraB. Seas but join
tlit they divide,
26
fructify etc. 168.2; procreate etc. (gen-
erate) 161.10
9. v. be joined etc. join etc, above 43.5 ;
hang or hold together ; stick, cohere etc.
46.5, 6.
10. adj. joined, united etc. v. ; copulate,
joint, conjoint, conjunct, corporate, com-
pact, concurrent, coincident, correal
[civil Law] ; hand-in-hand, intimate ; un-
separated etc. 46.10.
n. adj. fast, secure, firm, fixed, close,
tight, taut, set, sound ; intervolved [rare] .
12. adj. inseparable, indissoluble, in-
discerptible, insecable fobs.], inseverable.
13. adj. conjunctive, conjunctival ;
connect! ve, combinative, copulative
[Gram.] ; unifying etc. 87.9.
14. adv. jointly, conjointly etc. adj. ;
in conjunction, ^ union etc. n. 9 hand in
hand ; with . . . , together etc. 88.9, 10.
15. adv. fast, close, firm; firmly, se-
curely etc. adj.
44* Disjunction
(See 43. Junction; also 49. Decomposition)
1. n. disjunction, disconnection, dis-
connectedness, etc. adj. f inconnection ;
disunity, disunion; disassociation, disso-
ciation, disengagement,, dis jointure ; sepa-
ration, parting etc. v, } detachment, segre-
gation, abstraction; divorce, divorce-
ment; isolation, insulation, insularity;
oasis, island; division, subdivision; sec-
tion, resection; dislocation, luxation;
partibility, separability; separatism; dis-
jecta membra [L.] ; discontinuity etc. 70;
incoherence etc. 47; apportionment etc.
786 ; dispersion etc. 73 ; bisection etc. 91 ;
interval etc. 198 ; divergence etc. 291 ; ir-
relation etc. 10.
2. n. sunderance, severance, dissever-
ance, discerption, diremption, scission,
fission, cleavage, splitment [slang] ; ab-
scission, rescission [obs.] ; abstriction, ab-
junction; laceration, dilaceration ; dis-
ruption, abruption, cataclasm; avulsion,
divulsion; elision, syncope; circumcision,
3. n. fissure, cut, fracture etc, (cleft)
I9&2, 3-
4. n. dissection, dissecting etc. v. ;
analysis, resolution, breakup, diaeresis,
dismemberment; anatomy, anat [Med.
44, Even as a splitted bark, so sunder we.
SHAKESPEARE, It went to pieces all at once,
/ All at once and nothing first HQLMB&
27
slang] ; disintegration etc. (decomposi-
tion) 49.
5. n, separatist etc. (apostate) 607,5
dissenter etc, 489.3 ; heretic etc. 984,12,
13; insurgent etc, 742.3.
6. z/. be disjoined etc., come or fall off,
come or fall to pieces, get loose, peel off.
7. v. disjoin, disconnect, disengage,
disunite, dissociate ; separate, divide,
part, dispart, divorce, detach, remove,
rescind, cut off, cut adrift ; segregate, set
or keep apart, isolate, insulate; section,
sectionize [rare] ; disjoint, dislocate,
throw out of joint or gear; loose, un-
loose, undo, unbind, untie, unchain, un-
lock, unattach etc. (see attach etc. 43.6) ;
unfetter, set free etc. (liberate) 750.2, 3 ;
disentangle etc. 60.9; loosen etc, 47.2;
discontinue etc. 70.3 ; bisect etc. 91.4 ; di-
verge etc. 291.2.
8. v. sunder, sever, dissever, abscind
[rare], incise; cut, ckave, saw, snip, nip,
rive, rend, tear, slit, split, chip, chop,
hack, whack [coll.], hew, slash, slice, slish
[dial, or rare], carve, whittle, haggle,
hackle, gash; crack, snap; break, burst,
bust [dial, and inelegant] ; cut ^, rend
etc. asunder, cut in two, rend in twain.
9. v. separate into parts, disintegrate,
decompose, divellicate [rare], segment,
break up, cut up, whack up [coll.], take
~ } pull ~, pick or tear to pieces, tear
to rags or tatters, tear piecemeal, pull in
pieces, decimate, reduce to fragments,
shatter ; smithereen, break to smithers or
smithereens, break all to smithers or
smithereens [all colL], shiver, shivereen
[dial.], break into shivereens [dial.] ;
flinderate, break to flinderation or all to
moderation [all slang], splinter; smash,
crush ; crunch, craunch, cranch ; lacerate,
scramble [obs.], mangle, mutilate, mince,
hash.
dissect, anatomize, analyze, separate
into its elements or integrant parts ; dis-
member, dislimb, disbranch; subdivide,
divide and redivide, separate into sub-
divisions; comminute etc. (pulverize)
330.6, 7*
10. v. partition, parcel, portion, appor-
tion, allocate, divide, divvy or divvy up
[slang], split, split tip, whack up [coll],
demarcate [rare] ; graduate, grade ; dis-
trict, chapter, canton,
u. v. part, part company,' separate,
disperse, disband, split up, split out
[coll.], divide, break it up [slang], leave,
44.4-45,2
take leave, quit, go away; alienate,
estrange, break with, split [colL] ; demo-
bilize, demob [slang].
12. adj. disjoined, divided, discon-
nected etc. ^ ; disjoint, disjunct, disjunc-
tive ; detached, unconnected, unattached,
unassociated, tmannexed; separate, dis-
parate, withdrawn, abstract [arch,],
apart, asunder, far between; loose, free,
adrift; distinct, distinctive Jrare] ; dis-
crete, discretive; isolated, insular; cut,
reft, rift [obs.], cleft, split; lobate, tabu-
late, lobulated, lobulose; digitate, digi-
tated ; bipartite, biparted [rare] ; multi-
partite, multisegmental, multisegmentate ;
straggling, straggly ; secant ; discontinu-
ous etc. 70.4; fractional etc. (partial)
51.8; alone etc. 87.8.
13. adj. divisible, dividuous [rare], dis-
cerptible [rare], partible, separable, sev-
erable, scissile, abjunctive; dissoluble,
dissolvable.
14, adv. separately etc* adj., severally,
one by one; apart, adrift, asunder, in
twain ; in the abstract, abstractly,
15* adv. to pieces, to smithers etc. v. ;
to smash, to sticks, to sticks and staves ;
all to pieces etc*
45. Bond
Connecting Medium. I. n. bond,
bond of union, privity [Law], vinculum
(/>/. vincula), tie, link, connection, con-
nective [spec. Tech.], connective link,
interconnection, intermedium, nexus ;
bridge,, steppingstone ; neck, isthmus,
jugulum [ZooL] ; ridge, fold, frenum
[Anat], ligation; hyphen, dash; junc-
tion etc. 43.
2. n. fastening, fastener, fast, tie,
clinch, clamp, holdfast; catch, detent,
click, pawl ; clip, clasp, hasp, buckle, but-
ton ; hook, hook and eye ; latch, latchet ;
bolt, bar; lock, padlock; copula, coupler,
couple, coupling, union; bonder [ma-
sonry] , bondstone, binding stone ; girder,
tie beam; anchor, moorings; guy, guy
rope ; band, bandage, brace, roller, fillet ;
with, withe, withy.
belt, girth, surcingle, cinch [U.S.],
bellyband, girdle, cestus [Zool, or Gr. and
Rom. Antiq.] ; garter, suspenders, braces
45. Blest be the tie fliat binds- FAWCFTT.
Together Hnkt with adamantine chains.
SPENSER. It is tod hard a knot for rtic t'ttri-
tie. SHAKESPEARE.
45.2-46.6
[Eng.] ; hawser, halser [obs.], bow ~,
head ~. quarter /^, breast or stern fast ;
noose, hempen bridle [slang] ; lasso, lar-
iat, reata or riata [Sp.] ; lass rope, throw
rope, ketch rope, lazo fall slang, West.
U.S.] ; thong, boondoggle [slang, U.S.],
whang [Scot, and dial.] ; braid, inkle,
sennit [Naut.], oxreim [S. Afr.] ; lace,
lacing ; harness, gear, tackle ; bridle, hal-
ter, freno [West. U.S.] ; yoke, poke
(local, U.S.] ; link, loop, tag, ring, terret,
hank [Naut.], laricjo [Sp.] ; grappling
iron or hook, grapple iron or hook, grap-
nel, grappler; connection, juncture etc.
(joint) 43.3 ; suspender etc. 214.3; P r op
etc. (support) 215.2; shackle, rein etc.
(means of restraint)' 752.2; grip etc.
' 7 Rr.2.
3. n. knot, bend, tie, hitch; slipknot,
slide knot, running knot, running bow-
line, anchor knot, weaver's hitch or knot,
becket knot, wall knot, Blackwall hitch,
timber knot, bowknot, bowline, bowline
knot, surgeon's knot, builder's knot,
stunner hitch, carrick bend, cat's paw,
studding-sail halyard bend, tack bend,
stopper knot, clinch, clinch inside or out-
side, clove hitch, cuckold's neck, steve-
dore's knot, square knot, diamond knot,
Englishman's tie, figure-of-eight knot,
fisherman's bend, flat knot.
Flemish knot, French shroud knot,
German knot, single knot, double hitch,
shroud knot, sheet bend, sheepshank,
granny knot, half crown, half hitch, har-
ness hitch, hawser bend, hawser fasten-
ing, hearing-line bend, round turn and
half hitch, round seizing, rope-yarn knot,
rolling hitches, reeving-line bend, reef
knot, prolonge knot, overhand knot, out-
side clinch, inside clinch, lanyard knot,
loop knot, niagnus hitch, manrope knot,
o|>en hand knot, netting knot, midship-
man's hitch, mesh knot, Matthew Walker
knot, marling hitch, marlinespike hitch,
Gorclian knot.
4. n. ligature, ligament, ligamentum
jL.] ; line, leader, tendon, sinew, thew:
cable, wire ; strap, strop ; chain, catena ;
funicle, funictilus; umbilical cord, sper-
matic cord; lines, reins, jerk line [West.
U.S.} ; cord, string, rope etc. (filament)
205.
5. n. pin, corking pin [obs. exc. dial.],
drawing pin [Eng. J, hairpin ; nail, spike,
brad, rivet, screw, staple, peg, skewer;
tack, thumb tack; dowel, doll [coll.],
28
duledge [Mil.] ; thole, tholepin; treenail,
trenail; toggle [Naut.], kevel [Naut.],
cleat, bollard ; tooth [Carp.], stub tenon ;
stake, stob [dial.], post, snubbing post.
6. n. cement, glue, adhesive, stickum
[slang.], fish glue, mucilage, mastic,
paste, library paste, gluten, gum, solu-
tion, size, wafer, solder, lute, putty, lime ;
birdlime, viscum, viscin; mortar, stucco
etc. (plaster) 223.19.
46. Coherence
(See 47. Incoherence)
1. n. coherence, coherency, cohesion,
adherence, adhesion ; cementation, con-
glutination, agglutination ; sticking, sol-
dering etc. v. : concretion, accretion, so-
lidification, set, congelation, coagulation ;
conglomeration, agglomeration, aggrega-
tion, consolidation; connection, depend-
ence ; junction etc. 43,
2. n. tenacity, tenaciousness, adhesive-
ness, cohesiveness, stick-to-itiveness
[coll.], glutinousness, glutinosity, viscid-
ity, viscosity, stickiness, toughness; stay
[coll.], stay-putness [slang]; insepara-
bility, inseparableness, indivisibility; re-
tention etc. 781.
3. n. (something adhesive or tena-
cious) adhesive, adherent, adherer ; adhe-
sive plaster, plaster ; bur or burr, cockle-
bur, clotbur, bramble, brier, prickle,
thorn, sticker [coll.]; claw, talon; pin-
cers, nippers, vise ; bulldog, leech ; sirup,
molasses ; varnish, casein, resin ; remora,
clog, drag; parasite etc. (sycophant)
886.2 ; glue etc. (cement) 45.6.
4. n. conglomerate, conglomeration,
agglomerate, agglomeration ; concrete
etc. (solid) 321.4, 5.
5. v. cohere, adhere, stick, stick to-
gether, stay, stay put, cling, cleave, hold,
close with, hold ~, hang or grow to-
gether; take hold of, clasp, grasp, hug;
join etc. 43.9.
6. v. hold fast, hold on like old Billy
Hell [slang] , stick close, stick like a leech,
stick like wax, stick like the paper on the
wall, stick like a wet shirt, stick closer
than a brother, cling like ivy, cling like
46. Held in cohesion by unresting cells.
MASEFIEUX Only throw dirt enough and
some of it is sure to stick. T. HUGHES.
This cold, congealed blood / That glues my lips.
SHAKESPEARE.
29
a bur, adhere like a remora, adhere like
Dejanira's shirt.
7. r. cement, agglutinate, conglutinate,
glue, solution [colL] , paste, gum, lute, be-
lute [rare] ; solder, weld, braze, ferru-
minate [rare].
8. v. agglomerate, conglomerate; con-
solidate, coagulate etc. (solidify) 321.7.
9. adj. coherent, adherent, adhesive,
cohesive, stickable, stick-to-itive [coll.],
tenacious ; cohering, adhering etc. v. ;
tough, sticky etc. (viscid) 352.8; com-
pact, inseparable etc. (dense) 321.8-10.
10. adj. unseparated, undivided, ses-
sile: inseparable, compact etc. 321.8-10;
combined etc. 48.5, 6 ; united etc. 43.10.
47. Incoherence
(See 46. Coherence)
1. it. incoherence, nonadhesion, non-
cohesion; looseness etc. adj., laxity, re-
laxation ; immiscibility ; rope of sand ;
disjunction etc. 44.
2. v. loosen, slacken, relax; unglue etc.
(see glue etc. 46.7) ; detach etc. (disjoin)
447-
3. adj. nonadhesive, noncohesive ; in-
coherent, detached, loose, slack, lax, re-
laxed, flapping, streaming, baggy, di-
sheveled ; immiscible ; uncombined etc.
(see combined etc. 48.5), segregated, like
grains of sand.
48. Combination
(See 49. Decomposition; also 43. Junction,
54. Composition)
1. n. combination, combo [slang,
U.S.], union, unification, alliance, aggre-
gation, coadunation, synthesis, synizesis,
synaeresis, incorporation, amalgamation,
embodiment, coalescence, coalition, crasis,
fusion, inosculation, absorption; blend,
blendure [rare], blending etc. v. ; cen-
tralization; impregnation; junction etc.
43 ; mixture etc. 41.
2. n. compound, alloy, composition etc.
(mixture) 41.4.
3. v. combine, unite, unify, incorpor-
ate, consolidate, inosculate, consubstanti-
ate, alloy, amalgamate, syncretize, ^ag-
glutinate, absorb, blend, merge, melt into
47. Well of soft Incoherence. L. BACON.
48. Strength united is the greater. BACON.
A threefold cord is not quickly broken. BIBLE.
Great is the strength of feeble arms combined.
46.6-49.3
one, coalesce, solidify, contemper, cen-
tralize, put or lump together ; fuse, inter-
fuse: impregnate; embody, re-embody;
link etc. (join) 43.5, 6; interlink etc. (in-
terlace) 219.8; intermix, intermingle etc.
(mix) 41.6,
4. v. league, interleague [rare] ; fed-
erate, confederate, federalize; associate,
consociate; fraternize, fraternate [rare] ;
club, club together [coll.], band together,
bunch, bunch up [coll.], gang, gang, up
[coll.], amalgamate, unionize, form or
cement a union, ally, form an alliance, go
cahoots or in cahoots [slang], join to-
gether, join forces, join or unite with,
hitch horses [coll.] , hook up with [slang] .
join up with [coll.], throw in with
[slang], tie up <?r in with [slang] ; couple,
pair, pair off, partner, go in partnership,
go in partners [coll.], team with, team
up with [coll.] ; syndicate ; co-operate etc.
709.4 ; form a party etc. 712.7.
5. adj. combined etc. r., coadunate,
conjunctive, conjugate; joint, conjoint;
indiscrete; impregnated, ingrained, im-
bued, inoculated ; unseparated etc. 46.10.
6. adj. leagued, enleagued, in league, in
cahoots [slang] ; allied, amalgamated, in-
corporated, confederated etc. v* ; federal,
federative, federate, confederate; corpo-
rate, corporative, corporational, co-opera-
tive etc. 709,7.
49. Decomposition
(See 48. Combination; also
44. Disjunction)
1. n. decomposition, disintegration,
dissolution, catalysis [rare], resolution,
breakup, diaeresis; erosion, crumbling
etc. v. ; wear, wear and tear : decay etc.
659.2; dissection etc. (disjunction) 44;
waste etc. 638.
2. n. (physics) electrolysis, electroly-
zation ; hydrolysis, proteolysis, thermoly-
sis, catalysis.
3. v. decompose, become decomposed
etc. adj., undergo decomposition etc. 11.,
disintegrate, decompound (rare], dis-
solve, break up, come or fall to pieces,
crumble, crumble into dust, erode, con-
HOMER. All your strength is in your un-
ion, LONGFELLOW. B pluribus unum [From
many, one], U.S. MOTTO.
49. It went to pieces all at once, / Jtist as
bubbles do when they burst HOLMES. A
sorry breaking-up, T. MOORE. Constant
dropping wears the stone.
493-51.2
sume, consume ^ wear or waste away,
tabefy [rare] ; decay etc. 659.7; analyze,
dissect etc. (separate into its integrant
parts) 44.9 ; comminute etc. (pulverize)
330.6, 7.
4. v. (physics) elect rolyze, hydrolyze,
thermolyze, catalyze.
5. ad'j. decomposed, decomposing, dis-
integrated etc. v. ; catalytic, analytical ;
resolvent, separative; solvent; decayed
etc. 659,13,
50. Whole
(See 51. Part; also 52. Completeness)
1. n. whole, totality, teetotality or T-
totality [coll.], entirety, integrity, collec-
tivity :* integration [Tech.], embodiment;
organic unity, compages [sing, and />/.],
compaction (rare] ; complete unity, in-
teger, integral [spec. Math.] ; unity etc.
87 ; completeness etc. 52.
2. 11. all, the whole etc. above; entire
[rare], general [arch.], everything, ag-
gregate, assemblage, the complete assem-
lage, one and all, the devil and all [coll],
the altogether [joe.] ensemble [F.],tout
ensemble [F.] ; complex, complexus
[L.] ; total, teetotal or T-total [coll.], tote
[coll.], tot, tottle [dial.], sum, sum total,
amount, whole or gross amount, stick
[sporting slang] ; length and breadth,
alpha and omega, beginning and end, be-
all ; lock, stock and barrel.
whole boodle or caboodle, the boodle,
the caboodle, whole kit or kit and ca-
boodle, the kit and caboodle, whole jim-
hang or jingbang, whole shoot or shoot-
ing match, the shooting match, whole
boiling, whole smear, the shebang, whole
shebang, whole business or works, the
business, the works, whole toot and
scramble or stumble, whole show, whole
squeeze [all slang] ; everyone etc. 78.5 ;
summation etc. (calculation) 37.2.
3. n. principal part, greater ^, major
>^, best ^j main etc. part, main squeeze
f slang, U.S.], almost or nearly ail ; bulk,
heft [coll., U.S.], mass, lump, tissue,
staple, body, gross; trunk, torso, bole,
hull, hulk, skeleton; lion's share, Ben-
jamin's mess, big or long end [slang] ;
50. All are but parts of one sttipettdous Whole,
/ Whose body Nature is, and God the souL
POPE, The foe-all tod the end-aft foert.
SH&KESFEAXE. Tomt bien on rim [All or
nothing J.
30
essential part etc. (salient point) 6424.
4. v. form a whole, constitute a whole ;
integrate, embody, amass.
5. v. total, be in its totality, amount or
come to, add up to, tottle [dial.], tot or
tot up to [coll.], tote or tote up to [coll.],
reckon up to [coll.], pile up to, aggregate
[coll.], come to in its aggregate.
6. adj. whole, total, teetotal or T-total
[coll.], entire, integral [rare], integrate
[rare], gross; one, individual; complete
etc. 52.9.
7. adj. undivided, unbroken, uncut, un-
severed, undipped, uncropped, unshorn,
undiminished, unreduced, un demolished,
undissolved, undestroyed, unbruised ;
seamless; intact.
8. adj. indivisible, inseparable etc.
321.10.
g. adj. comprehensive, wholesale etc.
(extensive) 31.
10. adv. wholly, entirely, totally etc.
adj.; in toto [L.], toto caelo [L.], all, al-
together, on all counts, all put together,
collectively, in a body, bodily, as a whole,
in the aggregate, in the lump, in the gross,
in the mass, en masse [F.], en bloc [F.],
by wholesale ; one and indivisible ; com-
pletely, throughout etc. 52.13-15.
11. adv. on the whole, in the long run,
all in all, to all intents and purposes, by
and large, in all respects, in the main,
mainly, substantially, effectually.
12. adv. for all, for all in all, for the
total amount, for the stick [sporting
slang].
51. Part
(See 50. Whole)
1. n. part, portion, fragment, fraction,
frustum [rare], division, parcel [Law or
arch.], dole [dial., Eng.]> ward, sector,
segment, section, cantle, cantlet, moiety ;
subdivision, detachment; item, detail,
particular; dose, go [coll.], jag [dial.,
U.S.], slug [slang], rare [slang, U.S.],
aught, any ; installment ; dividend, divvy
[slang]; share etc. (allotment) 786.2;
role etc. 599.7; principle part etc. 56.3;
essential part etc. 642.4.
2. n. (part of writing) section, chap-
ter, verse, article, clause, phrase, para-
graph, passage, number, book; fascicle,
51, Fools ! they know not how rrmdi half ex-
ceeds the whole. HESIOD.
31
fascicule or fasciculus; Ikraison [F.], "
serial.
3. n. piece, bit, snatch, snack, whack
[slang], cut, cutting, clipping, paring,
shaving, rasher, snip, chip, collop, slice,
canch [dial.], crumb, scale, scrap, swatch
[cant], tatter, shred, stitch, splinter, Hin-
der, flitter [coll.], shiver [dial, and coll.] ;
shivereen [Scot, and North. Eng.],
smither or smithereen [coll.] ; lump, gob
[dial, and slang], chunk [coll.], hunk
[coll,], hunch, hank [dial.] , whang [Scot,
and dial.] ; stump, butt; particle, morsel
etc. (small quantity) 32.2; lamina etc.
(layer) 204.2,
4. n. member, limb, branch, bush,
bough, twig, sprig, spray, switch; run-
ner, tendril, sarmentum [pi. sarmenta] ;
offshoot, ramification, scion, spur, arm,
leg, wing; lobe, lobule; joint, link; com-
ponent, component part etc. 56.
<;. n. compartment; department etc.
(class) 75 ; county etc. (region) 181.
6. n. oddments, odds and ends; left-
overs, detritus etc. (remains) 40; debris
or debris, refuse etc. (rubbish) 645.4.
7. v. part, divide, disconnect etc. (dis-
join) 44.7-11,
8. adj. partial, fractional, fragmentary,
portional [rare], sectional, aliquot
[Math.], multifid; divided, divisible etc.
(disjunction) 44.12, 13; incomplete etc.
53.4, 5; imperfect etc. 651.4.
9. adv. partly, partially, in part; in-
completely etc. 53.6; somewhat etc. (in a
limited degree) 32.13, 14.
10. adv. piecemeal, piece by piece, part
by part, bit by bit, little by little, inch by
inch, foot by foot, drop by drop ; by de-
grees, by or in installments, by or in
snatches, by inches, by driblets, dribs-
like [dial, and slang] ; in lots, in small
lots ; in compartments ; in detail.
52. Completeness
(See 53. Incompleteness; also 50, Whole,
729. Completion)
i. n. completeness, wholeness, entire-
ness etc. adj. ; entirety, totality, teetotal-
ity or T-totality [coll.], allness [rare],
universality ; integrity, integrality [rare] ;
unity, solidity, solidarity; indivisibility,
52, That ye may ]be perfect and entire, wanting
nothing. BIBLE. Totus in toto, et totus in
quaKbet pevrte [Complete as a whole, and com-
plete in every part].
51.2-5110
indiscerptibility ; whole, all etc. 50 ; com-
pletion etc. 729.
2. n. fullness, full; plenitude, ampli-
tude; abundance etc. (plenty) 639.2.
3. n. fill, full [coll.], full supply or
measure, "good measure, pressed down,
and shaken together, and running over"
(Bible), full house [slang], impletion ;
saturation, saturity [obs.] ; high water,
high tide, flood tide, springtide ; load, lad-
ing, jag [chiefly dial.], lug [coll.];
bumper, brimmer ; cupful, basketful etc. ;
bellyful [vulgar], skinful [coll.], mouth-
full" [in say a mouthful; slang] ; crush,
cram [coll.], jam-up [slang] ; sufficiency,
plenty etc. 639 ; redundance etc. 641.
4. n. consummation, limit, ideal, ex-
treme, extremity, acme, climax, maxi-
mum, the nines [coll.], the nth [coll.],
utmost, uttermost, utmost extent, highest
degree, ne plus ultra [L.] ; the whole
length or way, the whole figure [coll.],
the whole hog [slang] ; the whole hog or
none [slang], all or nothing; all creation,
all forty, all get out [all slang].
5. n, complement, supplement, make-
weight; filling up etc. v.
6. v. be complete etc. adj. ; come to a
head, etc. (reach completion) 729.4.
7. v. render complete etc. adj., implete
[rare], fill, charge, load, lade, freight,
weight, pile, stuff, wad, pad, pack ; re-
plenish, replete [rare] ; supply deficien-
cies, fill in, make up, make good, piece
or eke out ; fill up, fill to the brim, fill the
measure of, capacitate [coll.] ; saturate,
satiate [obs.] ; complete etc. (accom-
plish) 729.2; overload etc. 641.4; sate
etc. 869.4.
8. v. be thorough etc. adj., do
thoroughly, go all lengths, go to all
lengths, go the limit [coll.], go the whole
length or way, go the whole hog [slang],
go the whole figure [slang].
9. adj. complete, entire, solid, intact,
with all its parts, all-sided ; whole, undi-
vided etc. 50.6, 7 ; perfect etc. 650.5. _
10. adj. thorough, thoroughgoing,
fully realized, exhaustive, comprehensive,
radical, sweeping; unqualified, unmiti-
gated, whole-hog [slang], out-and-out,
outright, utter, regtilar [coll], consum-
mate, perfect [chiefly coll], precious
[chiefly coll], absolute, downright,
plumb [chiefly coll], total, sheer, veri-
table, dead, blue [slang] ; unconditional*
unrestricted, free* ' ' ' '
5111-535
ii. adj. full, replete, ample, plump,
good, plenary, pleny [naut.J , flush ; brim-
ming, brimful ; topfull chock-full, choke-
full, chuck-full, chock or chuck [coll.],
crammed, cram-full ; cram- jam-full,
cramp-full, jam-full, jam-packed, pack-
jammed, jam-up, chug -full, full-up [all
slang] ; bursting. read\ to burst; capaci-
ti\e, capacitative, capacitated [coll.] ; as
full as an egg is of meat, as full as a vetch ;
saturated, V fraught, laden, full-laden,
f ul 1-f raught , full-charged, heavy-laden,
packed like sardines or herrings ; crawl-
ing or oozing with . . . , replete with
. . . ; crowded, packed etc. 72.13 ; over-
fill etc. 641.6; satiated etc. 869.6; plenty
etc. 639.7.
12. adj. completing etc. z/. t completive,
completely ; adscititious, ascititious ; sup-
plemental, supplementary.
13. adv. completely, fully, entirely,
thoroughly etc. adj. ; a jond [F.] , to or in
entirety, to the limit, all, all over [spec,
coll.], in full measure; altogether, totally
etc. ( wholly; 50.10 ; perfectly etc. 650.6.
14. adv. utterly, to the utmost, a
outrancc |F.], tf toute entrance [F.], to
the full, to the limit, to the backbone, to
or up to the nines [coll], to the nth
[coll.], to the nth degree, to the sky or
skies, to the top of one's bent, for all
there is in it [coll] , for fair [slang], to a
fare-you-well or fare-ye-well [coll.], as
far as possible, out of sight [slang, U.S.],
as ... as can be, than which there is
no whicher [slang] ; with a vengeance,
with a witness [coll.] ; hollow, all hollow ;
quite, fair [dial], stark, stock [coll.],
clean, clean as a whistle, plumb [chiefly
coll., U.S.], plain or just plain [dial, and
coll. ] ; absolutely etc. 31 .16, 17 ; extremely
etc. 31.10.
15. adv. throughout, all out, from first
to last, from beginning to end, from one
end to the other, fore and aft, from cover
to cover, inside and out, from here out
[coll.], to the end, to the end of the chap-
ter, in cxtenso | L.] , from out to out, from
Dan to Beersheba, from hell to breakfast
[slang, U.S.], from clew to earing, from
the word go [coll.] % from the ground up,
down to the ground [coll], from top to
bottom, dc jond en comble [F.], from
top to toe, from head to foot, a capitc
ad colcem fL.], cap-a-pie, from soup to
nuts [slang], aft ovo usque ad mala [L.] ;
through and through, through thick and
32
thin ; heart and soul, root and branch,
up to the brim, up to the crop, up to
the hilt, up to the handle [coll., U.S.] , up
to the knocker [slang], up to the hub
[U.S.], up to the ears, up to the eyes;
head and shoulders, neck and heels or
crop [coll.] , over head and ears, hide and
hair, body and breeches [slang] ; every
inch, every whit, every bit ; in every re-
spect, in all respects, sous tons les rap-
ports [F.J, on all counts, at all points, to
all intents and purposes, effectually, for
good and all, by and large.
53. Incompleteness
(See 52. Completeness; also
730. Noncompletion)
1. n. incompleteness, deficientness etc.
adj., defkience [rare], deficiency; short
measure or weight ; half weight ; scant-
ness, scantiness, scantity, scant suffi-
ciency [coll.] ; shortcoming etc. 304; in-
sufficiency etc. 640; imperfection etc.
651; immaturity etc. (nonpreparation)
674 ; noncompletion etc. 730.
2. n. (part wanting) deficiency, defi-
cience etc. above, want, lack, need, deficit,
defect, shortage, short [coll.], wantage,
ullage ; defalcation, omission ; caret ; miss-
ing link; interval etc. 198; break etc.
(discontinuity) 70; noncompletion etc.
730 ; insufficiency etc. 640.
3. v. be incomplete etc. adj^. ; fall short
etc. 304.2; lack etc. (be insufficient)
640.6.
4. adj. incomplete, deficient, defective,
inadequate, wanting, failing; immature,
half-baked [coll.] ; in default, in arrear
or arrears ; short, short of, shy or shy on
[slang]; cut short, bobtailed; meager,
scarce, slight, sketchy, scanty, skimp or
skimpy [coll.], poor, lame, perfunctory;
half-and-half; void, jejune, hollow; im-
perfect etc. 651.4; uncompleted, unfin-
ished etc. (see complete, finish etc.
729.2) ; crude etc. (unprepared) 674.7,
8; fractional etc. (partial) 51.8; insuffi-
cient etc. 640.8.
5. adj. mutilated, garbled, hashed,
mangled, butchered, docked, lopped,
truncated.
53. That quality of being albeit marvellously
always incomplete. PROUST. Artistry 's
haunting curse, the Incomplete. BROWNING.
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans every-
thing. SHAKESPEARE.
33
6. adv. incompletely etc. adj., by
halves, by or in half measures, with di-
vided effort; partly etc. 51.9.
54. Composition
(See also 48. Combination)
1. . composition, constitution, con-
struction, formation, embodiment, make,
make-up, getup [coll.], setup [coll.], con-
fection [rare], synthesis, compaction
[rare] ; temperament, nature, character,
crasis ; synizesis, synaeresis ; combina-
tion, compound etc. (mixture) 41.4; ad-
mission, comprehension etc. (inclusion)
76.
2. n. authorship, origination, produc-
tion, compilation, composition, recucil
[F.], inditement, conflation, invention,
concoction ; musical composition, instru-
mentation; hymnology, hymnody; opus,
aria etc. (music) 415.2. 3; designing,
painting etc. (graphic arts) 556; model-
ing, relief etc. (sculpture) 557; writing
etc. 590.2 ; printing etc. 591.
3. v. be composed of, be made of, be
made up of, be formed of, consist of, be
resolved into.
4. v. compose, constitute, form, make,
make up, fabricate, weave; recompose,
precompose ; compile, redact, collate,
dash off, address, indite, score, draw,
draw up, draft; set up etc. (print)
591.14; construct, build etc. (produce)
161.8; compose music etc. 415.26; enter
into the composition of etc. (be a com-
ponent) 56.2; comprise etc. (include)
76.3-
55. Exclusion
(See 76. Inclusion)
1. n. exclusion, noninclusion, nonad-
mission ; omission, exception, preclusion,
lockout; debarment, debarrance [rare] ;
rejection, rejectment [rare] ; repudia-
tion; prohibition; removal, withdrawal,
relegation, elimination, eradication; ex-
pulsion, banishment etc. (ejection)
297.1-5.
2. 11. segregation, separation, isolation,
seposition [obs.] ; cofferdam.
3. v. exclude, loar, bar out, count out
54. Little drops of water, / Little grains of
sand, / Make the mighty ocean / And the
pleasant land. J. F. CARNEY.
55. He drew a circle that shut me out. E.
MARKHAM. Beats at our own clay-shuttered
doors. F. T H o M P SON .
53.6-57.1
[chiefly coll/], reject, repudiate, omit,
elide, cut out [coll. and slang], pass over,
throw over or overboard [coll.], strike
off or out, leave or shut out, eliminate,
eradicate, relegate, remove, weed out;
ostracize etc. (banish) 297.11.
4. r. segregate, separate, isolate; set
aside or apart, lay aside or apart, put
aside or apart, keep aside or apart ; sort
or pick out, weed, winnow, sift, garble
[rare] ; part, divide etc. (disjoin) 44.7-
10.
5. adj. excluded etc. v., unrecounted,
left or shut out. left out in the cold
[slang], not included in . . . , not in it,
not in the picture [coll.] ; extraneous etc.
574-
6. adj. exclusive, exclusory; preclu-
sive, exceptional, inadmissible, prohibi-
tive, preventive.
" 7- prcf*. etc. exclusive of, excluding etc.
v.j barring, bar, except, excepting, with
the exception of, save, saving, save and
except, bating [rare], beside, besides, un-
less, without, let alone; notwithstanding
etc. 30.8.
56. Component
1. n. component, integrant, component
part, integrant or integral part, ingredi-
ent, element, factor, constituent, constitu-
ent part or portion, part and parcel;
leaven; appurtenance, adjunct: feature,
aspect; contents, makings [coll.], fix-
ings [coll., U.S.]; personnel, personal;
member etc. (part) 51.
2. v. be a component etc. n., be or form
a part etc. 51, enter into, enter into the
composition of, combine or unite in,
merge or be merged in, be implicated in,
inhere in, belong or appertain to ; share
in etc. (participate) 778.5 ; constitute,
form etc. (compose) 54.4, 5.
3. adj. component, constituent, in-
tegrant, integral ; inherent, essential etc.
(intrinsic) 5.6; forming etc. (see form
etc. 54.4, 5) ; inclusive etc. 76.5.
57. Extraneousness
(See also 6. Extrinsicality)
i. n. extraneousness, alienage, alien-
ism ; extrinsicality etc. 6 ; exteriority etc.
220.
57. Thej r were strangers and pilgrims on the
earth.- BIBLE. I have been a stranger in a
strange land. BIBLE.
57.2-59.1
2. n. foreign body, ~ substance or ele-
ment.
3. n. alien, stranger, newcomer, Johnny
Newcomer [slang, U.S.], Johnny-come-
lately [slang, U.S.], novus homo [L.],
new chum [coll., Austral.], tenderfoot,
maverick [slang, West. U.S.], shorthorn
[slang, West. U.S.], jackaroo [coll.,
Austral], griffin [Anglo-Ind.] ; recruit,
rookie [slang] ; foreigner, furriner
[dial], outsider, outlander [arch.], bar-
barian, extern [rare], tramontane [rare],
ultramontane; emigrant, emigre [F.] ;
immigrant, immigrator [rare] ; settler,
colonist, colonizer, metic [Gr. Ant. ] .
guinea [slang, U.S.], wop [slang,
U.S.], dago [slang, U.S. and Can.], bo-
hunk [slang, U.S.], hunky [slang, U.S.],
spick [slang], Tony [slang], Chink
j slang], Jap [coll.], kike [slang], shon-
nacker [slang, U.S.], Izzy [slang], hehe
1 slang, U.S.], sheeny [slang], square-
head [slang], roundhead [slang], mick
[slang], shamrock [slang], greaser
[slang, U.S.], nigger [coll.] ; Afrikander,
creole; Easterner, Westerner, North-
erner, Yankee [coll.], Southerner [all
U.S.]; intruder etc. 228.4; visitor etc.
(incomer) 294.4; outcast etc. 893.5.
4. adj. extraneous, exotic, foreign, fur-
rin [dial.], foreignistic [coll.], alien,
strange [arch.], ulterior, exterior, ex-
ternal, outside ; outlandish, outland ; bar-
baric, barbarian ; oversea, overseas ; tra-
montane [rare) , ultramontane ; excluded,
exclusive etc. 55-5* 6 >" extrinsic etc. 6.2,
5. adv. abroad, in foreign parts or
lands ; beyond seas, oversea, overseas ; on
one's travels.
58. Order
(See 59. Disorder; also 60. Arrangement)
1. . order, regularity, uniformity,
symmetry, lucidus ordo [L.], harmony;
music of the spheres; arrangement etc.
60; condition etc. (state) 7; rule etc. 80.
2. M. gradation, graduation, shade, suc-
cession, procession, progression; series
etc. (continuity) 69; rank, place etc.
(term) 71.
S& Ord&r is Heaven's first law. POPE. Let
all tilings !> done decently and in order. BIBL&
<5ol order is the iotindatioft of all good things.
^BUXKB. Set thine hews in order.- BIBLE.
A place for everything, and everything In its
place.
34
3- //. method, course, system, disposi-
tion, arrangement, array; even tenor,
routine, route [rare]; regulation, disci-
pline, subordination ; economy.
4. n. orderliness, tidiness etc. adj. ; or-
derly arrangement, perfect order, apple-
pie order [coll.], fine whack [slang].
5. v. form, be or become orderly etc.
adj., take an arrangement, arrange or
range itself, place itself, fall in, fall into
arrangement, fall into place, fall into rank,
take order, take one's place, take rank;
come together, draw up, rally round.
6. v. order, adjust, regulate, organize,
methodize, systematize, harmonize ;
standardize, normalize; time, set the
tempo.
7. adj. orderly, regular, well-regulated,
well-ordered, correct, methodic (al), uni-
form, systematic (al) , harmonious ; kempt
[arch.], trim, neat, spruce, jimp [Scot,
and dial Eng.], trig [dial], tidy, ship-
shape, businesslike ; neat as a bandbox or
pin [coll.], like a cat in pattens ; in order,
in its proper place, to rights [coll.], in
trim, in apple-pie order [coll.], in kilter
or kelter [coll. and dial.], in whack or
fine whack [ slang J, in good shape [coll.] ;
in normal or fit condition, in shape, nor-
mal, habitual, usual, en rkgle [F.] ; un-
confused etc. (see confuse etc. 61.2-5) ;
arranged etc. 60. 10; symmetrical etc.
242.4; clean etc. 652.14; classificational
etc. 75.6.
8. adv. in order, in turn, in its turn ;
step by step, by regular steps, by regular
gradations, by regular stages, by regular
intervals, by clockwork, gradatmi ; in se-
ries, seriatim [NL.], systematically,
methodically etc. adj.; at regular inter-
vals etc. (periodically) 138.12.
59. Disorder
(See 58. Order; also 61. Derangement)
i. n. disorder, disorderliness, untidi-
ness etc. adj. ; irregularity, ununiformity,
unsymmetry, disharmony, deordination
[rare] ; dishevelment, slovenry, squalor;
disunion, disunity; anarchy, anarchism;
derangement etc. 61 ; anomaly, etc. (un-
conformity) 83 ; uncleanness etc. 653 ;
formlessness etc. 241.
59. The devil is the author of fconfu&km, ~
SWIFT. A work where nothing's just oi* fit ;
/ One gkrirtg chaos and wild heap of wif.
POPE.
-35
592-59.11
2. n. confusion, confusedness etc. adj.,
chaos, anarchy, disarray, deray [arch.
and dial.] ; confused mass, imbroglio
[rare], farrago, jumble, tumble, topsy-
turvy, huddle, litter, lumber, rummage
[chiefly dial.], medley, omnium-gatherum
[coll.], mix [coll.], mix-up [coll,], mux
[dial.], mess, holy mess [slang], muss
[coll., ILS.], mash, mishmash, hurrah's
nest [coll., U.S.], kettle of fish, muddle,
hash, hodgepodge, hotchpotch, hotchpot,
chowchow, olla-podrida, what the cat
brought in [coll.,, U.S.], rudis indiges-
taque moles [Ovid] ; fortuitous con-
course of atoms ; scattered parts, disjecta
membra [L.] ; mixture etc. 41.4,
3. n, complexity, complexness etc.
adj., complexus, complication, implica-
tion, involvement, involution, entangle-
ment, perplexity, intricacy, intrication
[rare] ; webwork, maze, meander, laby-
rinth, wilderness, jungle, Hyrcynian
wood ; wheels within wheels, clockworks ;
tangle, tangled skein, sleave, raveling,
knot, Gordian knot, gnarl, knarl fobs.] ;
twist, kink, coil etc. (convolution) 248;
network etc. 219.4; unintelligibility etc.
51 9; enigma etc. 533.2.
4. n. turmoil, turbulence, perturbation,
ado, to-do [coll.], stir [coll.], disturb-
ance, row [coll.], rowdydow [coll.], fuss,
breeze [coll.], squall [coll.], dust [slang],
trouble, bother, pother, pudder [obs. exc.
dial.], touse [chiefly dial.], commotion,
callithump [U.S.],, hubbub, tumult, con-
vulsion, bluster, uproar, racket, riot,
shindy [slang], shine [slang], randan or
rantan [dial, and slang], razzle-dazzle
[slang], rumpus [coll.], ruckus [dial.
and slang], ruction [chiefly dial.], fracas,
fraction [dial.], stour [arch, and dial.],
embroilment, melee, scramble, spill and
pelt, rough-and-tumble.
pandemonium, beargarden, Babel, sat-
urnalia, Donnybrook Fair, confusion
worse confounded, most admired disor-
der, concordia discors [L.] hell or Bed-
lam broke loose ; bull in a china shop ; all
the fat in the fire, le diable a quatre [R],
the devil to pay, the devil to pay and no
pitch hot [coll.] ; pretty kettle of fish,
pretty or nice piece of work, pretty piece
of business ; broil etc. 713.4 ; agitation etc.
5. n. slattern, sloven, frump [coU.J,
drab, (Jowdy, drabbletail, draggletall
[coll.], slammock or slummock [dial.],
malkin [obs. exc. dial Eng.], traipse
[dial.], slubberer [now chiefly dial.],
slubberdegullion [arch, and dial.], slut,
trollop, alley cat [slang], bitch; pig,
swine, hog [all coll.] ; vulgarian etc.
8514.
6. *v. be disorderly etc. ad]. } play at
cross-purposes, be at sixes and sevens.
7. v. disorder, put out of order ; muss
up [coll., U.S.], ruffle, rumple etc. (de-
range) 6 1. 2-5 ; turn topsy-turvy etc. (in-
vert) 218.4; ravel etc. 219.8.
8. adj. disorderly, orderless, in disor-
der, without order, disorganized, disor-
dered, unarranged etc. (see arrange etc.
60.6), dislocated; out of order, out of
place, out of gear, out of whack [slang],
out of kilter [coll.], out of sorts; irregu-
lar, desultory, unmethodical, immethodi-
cal, unsystematic, unsymnietric(al), in-
discriminate, haphazard, promiscuous,
casual, random, undirected, aimless,
straggling.
confused, perplexed, chaotic, (all)
balled up [slang], bedlamitish [coll.],
helter-skelter [coll. ] , huggermugger,
ramble-scramble [slang] ; disjointed, out
of joint; anarchic (al), anarchal, anarch-
ial; deranged etc. 61,6; topsy-turvy etc,
(inverted) 218.6; misplaced etc, 185.5;
shapeless etc, 241.5 ; anomalous etc, (tin-
conformable) 83.9; purposeless etc,
621.21.
9. adj. untidy, messy [coll.], messed
up [coll.], mussy [coll., U.S.], mussed
up [chiefly dial, or coll,] ; slovenly,
frowzy, unkempt, grubby [coll,], slouchy
[coll.], dowdy, sloppy [coll.] ; drabble-
tailed, clraggletailed, sluttish, frumpish,
slatternly, slammocky or slummocky
[coll.]; careless, slipshod; tousled,
tously, tousy [coll. or dial.] ; uncombed;
squalid ; unclean etc. 653.16, 17; uncouth
etc. 851.7.
10. adj. complex, complexed, intricate,
mazy, complicated, perplexed, involved,
raveled, tangled, entangled, tangly,
snarled, knotted, gnarled, crabbed, inex-
tricable ; daedal, Daedalian or Daedalean,
Daedalic ; labyrinthine, labyrinthian,
labyrinthic(al) ; meandering, pieandrws,
me&ndry [obs.] ; irreducible, irreduQtible
[rare]; difficult etc. 704.8; tortuww,
sinuose etc, (convoluted) 248.4; obscure
etc, 519.7; imperspicuous etc, 571.?;
enigmatic et<e. 533.6,
11. a-dj. troublous, tumultttous, tarfns-
59.11-61.2
36
lent, turbid, unquiet, agitated ; riotous etc.
(violent) 1/3.11, 12.
12. adv. irregularly etc. adj., by or at
intervals, by fits, by fits and starts or
snatches, by or in snatches, in spotb
[coll] ; every now and then, every once
in a while (both coll.] ; at haphazard, at
random ; by chance etc. 156.13.
13. adv. in disorder or confusion
etc. ;/., higgledy-piggledy, helter-skelter
[coll.], hugger mugger, ramble-scramble
[slang], harum-scarum [coll.], willy-
nilly [coll.] , all balled up [slang] , all any-
how [coll. j, which way or every which
way [coll., U.S.], all over the shop
[slang] ; in a ferment ; at cross-purposes,
at six and seven or sixes and sevens ; up-
side down, topsy-turvy etc. 218.6.
60. Arrangement
(See 61. Derangement; also 58. Order)
Reduction to Order. i. n. arrange-
ment, disposal, disposition, disposure ;
distribution, collocation, allocation, sort-
ing etc. v. t assortment, allotment, appor-
tionment ; taxis, syntaxis ; graduation, or-
ganization, ordination; grouping, group-
age; system etc. (order) 58; preparation
etc. 673.
2. n. classification, taxonomy, biotaxy ;
analysis, division, systematization, cate-
gorization, codification, digestion; class
etc. 75,
3. n. (result of arrangement) system-
atic collection, syntagma, catalogue, table,
atlas, calendar; filing system, file, letter
file, index, card index, pigeonholes;
scheme, schema, schematism; organism,
architecture, cosmos; form, lay, array;
outline etc. (plan) 626 ; register "etc. (rec-
ord) 551 ; instrumentation, orchestra-
tion, score etc. (music) 415.3, 21 ; order-
liness etc. 584; stipulation, settlement
etc. (compact) 769.
4. n. sorter, sifter, sieve, riddle, screen,
bolter, colander ; grate, grating.
5. n. (act of making neat) cleanup,
red-up [dial.] ; tidy-up, trim-up, police-
up, muck-up [all slang].
6. v. arrange, order, put or set in or-
der, reduce to order, bring into order, in-
troduce order into, put or set to rights or
60. Ail things have their place, knew we how
to place them. G. HERBERT. Who hath dis-
posed the whole world ? BIBIJ:,
in array; put in or into shape, put in
trim, clear up, clear the decks, trim, trim
up, do up [chiefly coll.], fix up [coll.],
police or police up [coll.], red up [dial.]
side or side up [coll.], tidy or tidy up
[chiefly coll.] ; neat, neaten, neatify
| rare] ; fettle or fettle up [dial.], spruce
or spruce up | coll. ] , clean up.
dispose, dispose of, fix. place, set out,
collocate, allocate, compose, space, range,
pack, marshal, rally, array, size, group,
rank, align, line up ; allot, apportion, par-
cel out, distribute, deal, deal out, cast or
assign the parts, assign places to ; assort,
sort, sift, sieve, screen, riddle ; string to-
gether, thread; prepare etc. 673.6.
7. v. classify, class, divide, segregate,
group, rank, grade, graduate; file, list,
catalogue, tabulate, index, alphabetize,
digest, codify.
8. v. methodize, systematize, harmon-
ize, regulate, organize, co-ordinate, bri-
gade, echelon, seriate [rare], settle, fix;
orchestrate, score.
9. v, disentangle, ravel, unravel, un-
weave, untwist, feaze [dial.] ; comb, card ;
disembroil, unconfuse (rare] ; untie etc.
(separate) 44.7; disinvolve etc. (sim-
plify) 42.3.
10. adj. arranged, disposed, classified,
filed etc. v. ; on file ; tabular, tabulate ; in
order, systematic etc. (orderly) 58.7, 8.
6 1. Derangement
(See 60. Arrangement; also 59. Disorder)
Subversion of Order; Bringing into
Disorder. i. n. derangement, disar-
rangement, misarrangement ; disorgan-
ization, deorganization ; displacement,
misplacement, dislocation ; discomposure,
disturbance, perturbation, razzle-dazzle
[slang] ; evection; disorder etc. 59; in-
version etc. 218; insanity etc. 503.
2. v. derange, disarrange, misarrange ;
disorder, bring into disorder etc. 59 ; dis-
organize, deorganize; muddle, jumble,
tumble, huddle, shuffle, hustle, fumble;
muss or muss up [coll., U.S.], mess or
mess up [coll.], mux or mux up [dial.],
mix up, mommick or mommix [dial.],
ass up [slang], make a hash or mess of
61. Confusion now hath made his masterpiece.
SHAKESPEARE. Confusion on thy banners
waitGRAY. So quick bright things come to
confusion. SHAKESPEARE. Confusion worse
confounded, MH.TCVN ,
37
6L2-64.1
it [slang], pie; drag from under the bed
[coll., U.S.]; litter, scatter; dishevel,
tousle [coll.], touse [dial.], unform, un-
shape, ruffle, rumple : turn topsy-turvy
etc. (invert) 218.4; dement etc. 503.11.
3. v. displace, dislocate, unhinge, dis-
joint, put out of joint, throw out of gear;
misplace, mislay.
4. v. discompose, throw into disorder
or confusion, disconcert, unsettle, upset,
disturb, trouble, perturb, agitate, toss,
embroil, convulse; rattle [coll.], fluster
etc. (confuse the mind) 458.9; change
etc. 140.6.
5. v. complicate, involve, perplex, con-
found, confuse, muddle, mix up, ball up
f slang], tangle, entangle, embrangle,
ravel; bedevil; obscure etc. 528.10.
6. adj. deranged, disordered, discom-
posed etc. v. : syncretic, syncretistic ; dis-
orderly, untidy etc. 59.8, 9 ; demented etc.
503.12-13.
62. Precedence
(See 63,, 281. Sequence; also 64. Precursor,
280. Precession)
1. n. precedence, precedency, prede-
cession [rare], antecedence or anteced-
ency, anteriority, anteposition, precession
[rare], the lead, le pas [F.] ; epacme;
preference etc. 609.2 ; superiority etc. 33 ;
importance etc. 642; priority etc. (in
time) 1 1 6 ; precedent etc. (precursor) 64.
2. v. precede, forerun, forego [arch.],
prevene [rare], antecede, come first,
come or go before, go ahead of, go in ad-
vance, head, stand at the head, stand first,
lead, take the lead, lead the way, lead the
dance, lead the cotillion [U.S.], lead the
german [U.S.] ; take or have precedence,
have the pas [F.] ; rank, outrank; have
the start etc. (get before) 280.2; be pre-
vious etc. (in time) 116.3.
3. v. place before, prefix, preface, pre-
mise, prelude, prologize, preamble, in-
troduce.
4. adj. preceding etc. r., precedent
[rare], antecedent, anterior, prior; pre-
cursory, precursive ; prodromal, prodro-
mous [rare] ; prelusive, prelusory; pre-
ludious, preludial ; prevenient, prelim-
62. But many that are first shall be last; and
the last shall be first. BIBLE. The first in
glory as the first in place. HOMER. None
sure will claim in Hell precedence. MILTON.
First come, first served.
inary, prefatory, proemial, preparatory,
inaugural; former, fore [obs.J, forego-
ing, afore -going ; before-mentioned,
above-mentioned, afore-mentioned,
aforesaid, aforenamed, afore-sighted,
aforethought, forenamed, forementioned,
before-said [arch.], said, named; previ-
ous etc, fin time ) 1 16,4 ; introductory etc.
296.7; preparatory etc. 673.10.
5. adv. before etc. (time) 116, (place)
234, (motion) 280.
63. Sequence
(See 62. Precedence, 280. Precession; also
65. Sequel, 281. Sequence)
1. /;. sequence, succession, successive-
ness, following, coming or following
after ; consecution, consecutiveness ; go-
ing after etc. (motion) 281 ; pursuit etc.
(action) 622; posteriority etc. (time)
117; secondariness, subord'inacy etc. (in-
feriority) 34; sequel etc. 65.
2. n. continuation, prolongation, ex-
tension; order of succession; mantle of
Elijah ; continuity, series etc. (unbroken
sequence) 69; continuance etc. (in ac-
tion) 143.
3. v. succeed, come or go after, come
next, come on, follow, ensue; follow or
move behind etc. 281.3; ste P ' mio tne
shoes of etc. (supplant) 147.3.
4. r. place after, suffix, append, sub-
join.
5. adj. succeeding, successive, follow-
ing, ensuing, sequent, sequential, sequa-
cious, subsequent, consequent, proximate,
next ; consecutive etc. (continuous) 69.6;
alternate etc. (periodic) 138.10 ; later etc.
117.
6. adv. etc. after etc. (time) 117.3, 4,
(place) 235.14-17, (motion) 281.5;
(pursuit) 622.11.
64. Precursor
(See 65. Sequel; also 62. Precedence)
i. n. precursor, forerunner, apparitor
[obs.], prodrome \<fos.],prodromos [Gr.
TrpoSpofjLos] , proclromus [rare], pioneer,
voortrckker [Du.], avant-courier, avant-
coureur or avant-courrier [F.] ; vancour-
63. And it must follow, as the night the day.
SHAKESPEARE.
64. What's past is prologue. SHAKESHSAEE.
It was the lark, the herald of the
SHAKESPEARE.
64.1-665
ier [arch.] ; harbinger, herald, outrider
[obs.] ; scout, scouter ; leader, belhvether,
bell mare; forelooper |S. Air.], wor-
loo per [Du.] ; dawn; predecessor, prece-
dent, antecedent; vanguard etc. 234.2;
messenger etc. 534; groundwork etc.
(foundation) 215.3 ; prefigurement, fore-
token etc. (omen) 512; informant etc.
527.5 ; preparer etc. 673.5.
2. n. prelude, preamble, preface, pro-
logue, foreword, trrani-propos [F. |, pro-
tasis, proem, proemium, plolusion [rare],
prolegomenon (pi. prolegomena), ex-
ordium, introduction, frontispiece; pre-
fix, prefixtttre [rare) ; preliminary, pre-
lim [slang, U.S.|: overture, voluntary,
ritornel, ntorncllo [It.], descant; prem-
ise, presupposition, postulate, prolep-
sis: heading etc. (beginning) 66.
3. adj. precursory, prelusive etc. (pre-
ceding) 62.4.
65. Sequel
(See 64. Precursor; also 63. Sequence)
1. n. sequel, sequela (pi. sequelae), se-
quelant ; continuation, continue, supple-
ment, appendix (pi. appendixes, appen-
dices)* postscript, subscript, postfce,
postlude, epilogue, conclusion, peroration,
codicil, colophon, tag, more last words;
outgrowth, consequence etc. (effect)
154; sequence etc. 63.
2. n. after part or afterpart, afterpiece t
aftercome [Scot.] ; wake, trail, train,
queue; aftermath, afterclap, afterglow,
aftertaste; aftergrowth, aftercrop, after-
grass ; second crop, rowen ; arrish, eddish
I both dial., Eng.] ; afterbirth, aftertmr-
clen [obs.]. placenta, secundines, after-
pain; afterthought, second thought, ar-
ri&rc-pensec [F.] ; suffix, postfix j hinder
part, tail etc. (rear) 235 ; retinue, cortege
[F.], suite etc. (attendance) 88.5; fol-
lower etc, 281.2 ; fab etc. 39.2* ; end etc. 67.
66. Beginning
(See 67- End)
i. n. beginning* commencement, start,
starting point, opening, outstart, outset,
65. Gather the sequel by that went before.
SjtfAltfc&teArifc in etery affair considfei 1
whatprecedes and what follows. EpitftEttJS.
00. ftrttttt frfacipia pana svbt [The
of all thtrtgs are small].- QCR(X
My way is to begin with the beginning. BYR6N.
38
setout, incipience or incipiency, incep-
tion ; indication, inchoacy ["rare] ; fatiha
[Arab.] ; first, first beginning, first rattle
out of the box, go-off or first go-off, kick-
off, jump-off/ send-off, start-off, take-
off [all coll.] ; prime, initial, alpha; in-
fancy, incunabula [/>/.] (sing, incunabu-
ium], cradle; debut, coming out [coll.].
inauguration, installation, unveiling
[coll. I , embarkment, the first step, le pre-
mier pas [F.], first stage, rising of the
curtain; curtain raiser, maiden speech,
opener [coll.]; outbreak, onset; initia-
tive, move, first move; first blush, first
glance, first sight, first impression ; fresh
start, new departure; slight beginning,
narrow or thin edge of the wedge : front
etc. 234 ; prelude, proem etc. 64.2 ; dawn
etc. (morning) 125.1 : first attempt etc.
6/5.2.
2. . genesis etc. (origin) 153, (birth)
161.3.
3. ;/. heading, head, headline, caption,
title; overline, banner, banner head or
line, flag [U.S.], streamer, screamer
[U.S.], scarehead [U.S.], spread,
spreadhead, drophead, hanger [all journ.
cant] ; running head or title ; title page,
imprint.
4. n. rudiments, elements, principia,
outlines, grammar, alphabet, A B C's.
5. v. begin, commence, make a begin-
ning or start, gin [arch.], start, start in,
enter on or upon, enter, embark in, set
in, set to or about, get to, turn to, fall to,
go ahead; pitch in, fire away, get going,
take off [all coll.] ; initiate, inchoate,
handsel, do for the first time, take the
first step, lay the first stone, cut the first
turf ; break ground, break the ice, break
cover ; open, open up, open the door to.
inaugurate, install, institute, incept
[rate], introduce, broach, usher in, ring
in [coll.], launch, set up, set on foot, set
agoing, set abroach, set or put the ball
in motion, open the ball [slang], open
fire, apply the match to a train ; take the
initiative, take the lead, lead off, lead the
way, head; stand at the head, stand first ;
take the decisive step, cross or pass the
Rubicon ; make an auspicious beginnings,
Begin, and then the work will be completed.
GOETHE. t'he beginning, as the proVerfe^sayls,
ii half the whok.-^-ARisTOTtE. DiifrtMiuvn
facti qui cctcpit habe't {H;e wfi has begun iiafe
the ybrk half dohe~J .-*- HORACE. A bad bfe-
ginning makes a bafd ending.
39
66.5-67.7
auspicate, get off to a good start [coll.] ;
ventilate, air; lay the foundation etc.
(prepare) 673.6; undertake etc. 676.2;
set out etc. (depart) 293.4.
6. v. originate, take or have origin,
come into existence, come into the world,
become, see the light, take birth; rise,
arise, take rise, take its rise ; burst forth,
break out, spring or crop up ; make one's
debut, come out [coll.] ; conceive, give a
beginning to; give origin to etc. (cause)
IS3-6.
7. adj. beginning etc. v., initial, initia-
tory, initiative; incipient, introductory,
proemial [rare] ; inaugural, inaugura-
tory ; inchoate, inchoative [rare] ; prime,
primal, primary, primitive, premier
[rare] ; primigenial, primigenious or
primigenous, primogenial ; original, ab-
original ; embryonic, embryonal, embryo-
nary [rare] ; rudimentary, rudimental ;
natal, nascent ; elemental, elementary ;
primeval etc. 124.7.
8. adj. first, foremost, front, head,
chief, principal, leading, main; maiden.
g. adv. first, firstly, imprimis [L.], at
first, in the first place, erst [obs.], first
and foremost, before everything ; at or in
the beginning etc. n.; in limine [L.] ; in
the bud, in embryo, in its infancy; from
the beginning etc. n., from its birth or in-
ception ; from or at the first go-off, from
the word go, at the drop of the hat or
handkerchief [all coll.] ; ab initio, ab ovo,
ab incunabilis, ab orlgine [all L.] ; for-
merly etc. 122.14.
67. End
(See 66. Beginning)
i. n. end, ending, termination, deter-
mination [arch.], terminus, terminal,
term, apodosis, conclusion, close,- expira-
tion, expiry, consummation, finis, finale,
finality, stoppage, windup [coll.], blow-
off [slang, U.S.], payoff [slang, U.S.],
thirty [Teleg. and slang], fall of the cur-
Whatever Begins, also ends.i SENECA. Bet-
ter never begin than never make an end.
G, H;ERBERT. Well begun is half done.
Aller Anfang ist schwer [Every beginning is
difficult]. // n*y ty que le premier pas qm
coute [It is only the first step which costs;
the beginning is hardest].
67, Whatsoever thou takest in hand, remember
the end, and thou shalt never do amiss.
ABOCRWHA. , Great is the art of beginning,
but greater fbe ait is I '
tain, curtains [slang, U.S.] ; last, what
the shoemaker threw at his wife [slang] ;
period, limit, goal destination; omega,
izzard [slang], Z; denouement [F.],
catastrophe ; doom, crack of doom,
doomsday, Day of Judgment, fate ; escha-
tology; discontinuance etc. (cessation)
142; finish etc. (completion) 729; ex-
tinction etc. 162.2; dissolution etc.
(death) 360 ; epilogue, appendix etc. (se-
quel) 65.
2. n. extremity, extreme, tip, point,
nib, tail, tail end, butt end, tag end, fag
end, bitter end, gable end ; stub, butt, tag ;
bottom dollar [coll.], cases or case dough
[crim. slang, U.S.] ; verge etc. (edge)
231.
3. n. closing period, close, declining pe-
riod, breakup, last stage, beginning of the
end, commencement de la fin [F.] ; home-
stretch, last lap [coll.] ; evening etc.
126.1.
4. n. finishing stroke or blow, ender,
end-all, quietus, stopper, finisher [coll.],
deathblow, death stroke, coup de grace
[F.], settler [coll.], knockout or knock-
out blow [coll.] ; K.O. or kayo, fiattener,
sockdolager [U.S.], kibosh, calker [all
slang].
5. v. end, terminate, determine, deter-
minate [obs.], close, finish, conclude, over
[dial, and slang], wind up [coll.] ; stop,
discontinue etc. (cease) 142.6.
6. v. come to an end etc. n., end etc.
above, come or draw to a close, be all
over, expire, become void, run out, run
its course, pass away, conk out [slang] ;
die etc. 360.6; reach completion etc.
729.4.
7. v. bring to an end etc. n. 9 terminate
etc. above 67.5, put an end to, make an
end of, get it over, get through with;
shut up shop, shut down, knock off
[coll.], hang up one's ax [coll.], hang
up the fiddle [coll.], drop or ring down
the curtain [coll.], ring down on [coll.] ;
knock on or in the head, knock out
[coll.] ; K.O. or kayo, kibosh, put the
kibosh on, put the finisher or settler on,
Some time an end there is of every deed.-^
CHAUCER. All's well that ends well
SHAKESPEARE. 'Tis a consummation / De-
voutly to be wished. SHAKESPEARE. LW-
mus Rgmanorum [The last of the Romaa3*
En toute chose il faut considerer la fin [In every
affair it is necessary to consider tie egdj.
respice [Look to the cna}
67.7-69.7
wash up [all slang] ; achieve etc. (com-
plete) 729.2 ; stop etc. (interrupt) 142.7.
8. adj. ending etc. v., final, terminal,
terminative [rare], determinative, defini-
tive; conclusive, conclusory, last, even-
tual, farthest, extreme, ultimate ; caudal ;
approaching an end, drawing to a close,
vergent [rare], all over but the shouting
[coll.] ; conterminous, conterminal, con-
terminate [obs.], conterminant [obs.] ;
crowning etc. (completing) 729.5; hin-
derniost etc. (rear) 235.9.
9. adj. ended etc. v., at an end, settled,
decided, conclusive, over, all off [coll.],
all bets off [slang], all up or U.P.
[slang], done with, done for [coll.], set
at rest ; played out, pegged or petered out
[coll.] ; finished, fini [slang] ; completed
etc. 729.6.
10. adj. penultimate, last but one, <-*>
two etc.
11. adv. finally, conclusively, in fine;
at last, at the last ; once for all.
12. adz*, to the end, to the last extrem-
ity, to the bitter end, through thick and
thin, to the end of the chapter, until the
last cat is hung [slang] ; to completion
etc. 729,8.
68. Middle
(See also 222. Centrality)
1. n. middle, middlement [dial.],
midst, mid [rare], midmost, middlemost
[rare], mecliety [obs.], middle or central
position, thick; middle term, mezzo ter-
minc [It.] ; medium etc. (mean) 29; mid-
course etc. 628 ; centrality etc. 222.
2. ?L middle part, central portion, in-
termediate part; diaphragm, midriff,
equator ; core, kernel etc. (center) 222.2 ;
interior etc. 221.2.
3. n. equidistance, equal distance, half
distance, midway [obs.], halfway point
or place, halfway house ; bisection, equal
division ; interjacence etc. 228.
4. v. middle, center, put or be in the
middle; find the middle of, bisect; fold
in the middle, double.
5. adj. middle, medial, mediate [rare],
mesial, mesian, middling [obs. exc. dial] ,
medium* mean, mid, midmost, middle-
most, midway [rare] ; midship ; midland,
mediterranean ; equidistant, equatorial;
central etc. 2224; intermediate etc. (in-
terjacent) 228.11.
6. adv. midway, halfway, in the mid-
40
die, halfway in the middle [coll.], in the
midst, in the mean, in inedlas res [L.],
plump < ', slap ~, slap-dab ~, smack or
smack-dab in the middle Jail slang] ;
medially, mediumly etc. adj. ; midships,
amidships; mcden agan [Gr. p^Slv ayav].
69. Continuity
(See 70. Discontinuity)
Uninterrupted Sequence. i. n. con-
tinuity, continuousness, unbrokenness,
consecutiveness etc. adj. ; consecution,
succession, progression, course, grada-
tion, catenation, concatenation ; unbroken
extent, perpetuity, ceaselessness, constant
flow; continuation etc. (sequence) 63,
(in action) 143.
2. n. series, succession etc. above;
train, rank, file, line, string, thread,
queue, row, range, tier ; catena, chain ;
suite, suit, set, team ; round, cycle ; scale ;
colonnade, portico, peristyle.
3. n. procession, line, string, column,
train, etc. above ; cavalcade, caravan ; pa-
rade; funeral, ovation, triumph; skim-
mington, skimmington ride ; rank and
file ; line of battle ; array ; retinue, cortege
[F.] etc. (attendance) 88.5.
4. v. form a series, follow a series etc.
?i. ; fall in, fall in or into line ; defile, march
in procession etc. (file off) 266.21.
5. v. give continuity to, continuate
[obs.], graduate; arrange in a series etc.
;/., string together, string, thread; file,
list, tabulate.
6. adj. continuous, continued, consecu-
tive, serial, successive, immediate ; se-
quent, sequential; progressive, gradual
[rare] ; uninterrupted, unbroken, unin-
termitting, unremitting, incessant, con-
stant, ceaseless, endless, perennial, ever-
green ; linear, in a line or row ; continu-
ing etc. 143.4; monotonous etc. 104.7.
7. adv. continuously, consecutively etc.
adj. ; in unbroken succession, running,
hand running [coll.], at or on a stretch;
in succession, in turn ; in a series, seriatim
[L.] , serially ; in a line etc. n. f in column,
in file; in single file, in Indian file; by
gradual series, by gradations, gradually
[rare], gradathn [L.], step by step.
69. In masks outrageous and austere / The
years go by in single file. E. WYLIE. Con-
stant dropping wears the stone. Natura non
facit saltum [Nature makes no leap].
41
70.1-72.6
70. Discontinuity
(See 69. Continuity)
Interrupted Sequence. i. ;;. discon-
tinuity, discontinuousness, disconnected-
ness etc. adj. ; disconnection ; solution,
solution of continuity, ~ connection etc. ;
pause, interval, intermission, letup [coll.] ,
interruption, caesura, break, broken
thread ; parenthesis, episode ; rhapsody,
patchwork, crazy quilt [coll.] ; intermit-
tence, alternation etc. (periodicity)
138.2; interim etc. io8a; discontinuance
etc. (cessation) 142.
2. v. be discontinuous etc. adj., alter-
nate, inte'rmit
3. v. discontinue, pause, interrupt,
stop, cease etc. 142.6, 7 ; disconnect, dis-
sever etc. (disjoin) 44.7, 8 ; intervene, in-
terpose etc. 228.8, 10.
4. adj. discontinuous, discontinued,
unsuccessive, disconnected, unconnected,
broken, broken off, interrupted, dccousu
[F.] ; discrete, discretive; disjunct
[rare], disjunctive; spasmodic, desul-
tory, fitful etc. (irregular) 139.2; inter-
mittent, alternate, recurrent etc. (peri-
odic) 138.10; disjoined etc. 44.12.
5. adv. discontinuously etc. adj. f at in-
tervals, longo interrallo [L.], sporadi-
cally, spasmodically, intermittently, by
snatches, by jerks, by skips, by catches,
by or at fits, by fits and starts, skippingly,
per salt urn [L.] ; "like angel visits, few
and far between" (T. Campbell) ; occa-
sionally etc. 137.4; irregularly etc. 139.3.
71. Term
Station in a Series. -i. n. term, rank,
grade, gradation, scale, range, remove,
station, status, state, stand, standing,
footing, position, place, pitch, point,
mark, step, pas [F.], link, rung, round,
round of the ladder, stair, peg ; cut, notch,
hole [all coll.].
2. v. rank, have ~, hold ~ 9 occupy ^,
find etc. a place, ~ grade etc. n., fall into
a place etc., find one's hole [coll.].
72. Assemblage
(See 73. Dispersion)
i. n. assemblage, gathering, ingather-
ing, forgathering, collection, congrega-
70. Begin, and cease, and then again begin.
M. ARNOLD. Life is made up of interrup-
tions. GILBERT.
tion, concourse, conflux, contesseration
[obs.] ; rendezvous; mobilization, levy,
muster, attroupcmcnt [F.], collocation,
colligation ; convergence etc. 290.
2. n. assembly, gathering etc. above,
meeting, meet, get-together [coll.], turn-
out [coll.], gemot or gemote; congress,
house, senate, legislature, caucus, conven-
tion, conventicle, session, seance, eistedd-
fod, levee: convocation, aucl call [college
slang] ; conclave etc. (council) 696; re-
union etc. (social gathering) 892.5; di-
vine service etc. 990.7.
3. n. company, band, Bund [G.] , tribe,
group, gang, outfit, crew, squad, team,
string, troop, troupe, body, corps, force,
platoon, covey, bunch [coll.], mob
[slang], crowd [coll.] ; push, shove, mob,
hiram [all crim. slang, U.S.] ; posse,
posse comitatus [L.] ; caravan; watch;
claque ; army, regiment etc. (combat-
ants) 726.6, 7; clique, association etc.
(party) 712.1-5; attendance etc. 186.6,
4. n. crowd, throng, multitude, horde,
host, heap [coll.], legion, body, force,
swad [slang, U.S.], array, bevy, galaxy;
press, crush, cram [coll.], push [slang,
U.S.], shove [crim. slang, U.S.], squeeze
[coll.]; mob, rabble, cohue [F.], rout;
flight, cloud, storm, shower, volley;
swarm, hive ; shoal, school ; bunch, pack,
kennel, covey, flock, tribe, herd, drove,
drive; mulada, reinuda [both Sp. and
West. U.S.] ; roundup [West. U.S.] ;
large number etc. 102.2; great quantity
etc. 31.3.
5. n. bunch, group, cluster, Pleiades
[Astron.] (pi.} sing. Pleiadum), clump;
set, batch, lot; boodle [U.S.], caboodle,
boiling, kit, kit and boiling [all slang] :
pack, packet, package, budget, parcel,
bundle, bindle [tramp slang, U.S], bale,
seroon, seron [Sp.], fagot, fascine, wisp,
truss, tuft ; grove, thicket, plump [arch.] ;
shock, hattock [dial, Eng.] , stook [dial.] ,
mow, rick, fardel [arch, and dial.], stack,
sheaf ; hayrick, haycock, haymow ; swath ;
fascicle, fascicule, fasciculus.
6. n. accumulation, cumulation, amass-
ment, acervation, coacervation [rare],
augmentation [obs.], glomeration, ag-
glomeration, conglomeration, conglomer-
ate, aggregation, aggregate, congeries;
72. Two is company, three is a crowd. FULL-
ER. A crowd is not company, and faces are
but a gallery of pictures. BACON. I have a
rendezvous with Death. SEEGER.
72.6-74.2
conglobation, conglobulation [rare] ;
concentration, congestion ; lump, mass,
gob [dial, and slang], batch, heap, bing
[obs. exc. dial], pile, pyramid, rouleau,
tissue ; drift, snowdrift ; snowball ; glean-
ing, spicihgium [L.] ; hoard etc. (store)
636; quantity etc. 31.3.
7. n. collection, collectanea; ana,
budget, compilation, symposium; chres-
tomathy; museum, library, menagerie
etc. (collections) 636.5.
8. . miscellany, miscellanea ; assort-
ment, varied assortment, medley, mob
[coll.], omnium-gatherum [coll.], Noah's
ark; hodgepodge, olla-podrida etc. (mix-
ture) 414.
9. n. collector, gatherer; whip, whip-
per-in.
10. v. (be or come together) assemble,
collect, muster, congregate, come or flock
together, gather, forgather, gang up
[coll], round in [slang]; meet, unite,
join ; cluster, bunch, bunch up, flock,
swarm, surge, stream, herd, crowd,
throng ; pig together, pig it together ; as-
sociate ; conglomerate ; concentrate ; cen-
ter round, rendezvous, re-sort; huddle,
go into a huddle [slang] ; reassemble, re-
unite, reune [slang], rejoin.
11. v. (get or bring together) assem-
ble, gather, muster; bring together, get
together, draw together, scrape together,
lump together, batch together, bunch to-
gether ; collect, collocate, colligate ; get in,
whip in, gather in ; hold a meeting, meet,
convene; convoke, convocate; rake up,
dredge, heap, mass, batch, bunch, bunch
up, pile, pile up ; pack, truss, cram ; acer-
vate [rare], agglomerate, aggregate, put
together or up, compile ; group, aggroup,
unite ; collect or bring into a focus, con-
centrate ; collect in a dragnet ; heap Ossa
upon Pelion; amass, accumulate etc.
(store) 636.7.
12. adj. etc. assembled, collected etc.
v.; fasciculate, fascicled, fasciculated;
acmvtim [L.].
13. adj. crowded, packed, closely
packed, corn-pact, firm, solid, dense, close,
serried, all of a heap [coll], teeming,
swarming, populous; crowded to suffo-
cation, ptcked like sardines, as thick as
hops, <** flies, ~ hail or thieves, swarm-
ing like maggots, as full as a tick, ready
to burst, fit to bust [slang] ; MI etc.
52.11 ; overfull etc. 641.5.
14. adj. cumulative, acctmralative.
42
73. Dispersion
(See 72. Assemblage)
1. n. dispersion, scattering etc. v., scat-
terment, scatteration [coll.] ; aspersion,
dissemination, diffusion, dissipation, dis-
tribution, respersion [obs.], spread; cir-
cumfusion ; interspersion, interfusion ; af-
fusion, spargefaction [obs.] ; disjunction
etc. 44; apportionment etc. 786; diver-
gence etc. 291.
2. n. flotsam, flotsam and jetsam,
waveson [early Eng. Law], waifs and
estrays, disjecta membra [L.].
3. v. disperse, scatter, broadcast, sow,
disseminate, diffuse, radiate, spread,
spread out, overspread, dispread, ted,
strew, bestrew, strow [arch.], straw
[obs.], distribute, resperse [obs.]; set
abroach ; sow broadcast, scatter to the
winds; spread like wildfire; spurtle,
sprinkle, spatter, squatter [dial.] ; inter-
sperse, intersow, interfuse, intersprinkle ;
circumfuse, spread or diffuse around ;
disband, disembody, dismember; dispel,
drive or clear away, cast, cast forth, shed,
draft or draught off, blow off, let out,
turn or cast adrift ; issue, deal out, retail,
utter, dispense ; apportion etc. 786.3 ; di-
verge etc. 291.2.
4. adj. dispersed, disseminated, scat-
tered etc. v. ; strown, strewn, broadcast,
dispread; widespread, sparse, sporadic;
adrift, stray ; disheveled, unkempt,
streaming ; diverging etc. 291.3.
5. adj. dispersive, scattering etc. v.,
dissipative, diffusive, dispellent [rare] ;
resolvent [chiefly Med.], disculient
[Med.].
6. adv. scatteringly, sparsely etc. adj. ;
sparsim [L.], here and there, passim
[L.], in spots [coll.],
74. Focus
Place of Meeting. i. n. focus, focal
or central point, point of convergence,
~ concentration etc. 290, center of ac-
tivity, ^ ~ attraction, ~ attention etc. ;
corradiation [rare] ; issue, venue ; center
etc. 222.2; focalizattoft etc. (conver-
gence) 290; axis etc. 312.5..
2. n. meeting place, gathering place,
place of meeting or resort, rallying point,
73. Far and few, far aild few / Are tfie l&rids
where the Jumblies live. . LEAR. Th6*
thou wert scattered to the win<f. TENNYSON.
43
point de reunion [F.] , resort, rendezvous,
hangout [slang, U.S.], haunt, stamping
ground [slang], retreat, habitat; head-
quarters, home, club, lair, diggings
[coll.], dig or digs [slang, U.S.], den,
cave, hole ; tryst, trysting place ; place of
assignation, assignation house ; love nest
[coll.] ; hideaway, hide-out [coll.] ; scat-
ter, drum [both crim. slang, U.S.] ;
jungle or jungles, bo camp [both tramp
slang, U.S.] ; depot etc. 636.4; assembly
room etc. 189.10.
3. v. focus, focalize, bring or come to
a point or focus, bring into focus ; corradi-
at [rare] ; bring to an issue ; center, con-
centrate etc. 222.3; concur etc. (con-
verge) 290.2.
75. Class
1. n. class, classification, division, sub-
division, category, grouping, head, order ;
section, department, province, domain,
range, sphere, estate, status, predicament.
2. n. kind, sort, type, tap [chiefly
coll.], Jot [coll.], stamp, brand, number
[coll.], designation, variety, species, de-
nomination, manner, style, description,
feather, color, stripe [usu. derog.], grain,
kidney, kin fobs.], the like or likes of
[coll.] ; connection, order, genus (pi.
genera), gender [arch.], gens, genre
[F.], strain, family, race, brood, tribe,
caste, sept, phylum, clan, breed; sub-
genus, subspecies, subgroup, suborder,
subfamily; make, cast, form, mold; set,
kit [coll.], suit, sect ; clique, coterie ; char-
acter etc. (nature) 5.3.
3. n. sex, gender [coll. exc. Gram.],
genre [F.], sect [misuse].
4. n. indication, particularization, se-
lection, specification.
5. i}. classify etc. 60.7,
6. adj. classificational, classific, classifi-
catory, classical [rare] ; taxonomic(al) ;
divisional, divisionary, divisive; sub-
divisional, subdjvisive; categoric (al)
[Philos.] , categorematic (al) [Logic ;
rare] ; departmental ; sectional, section-
ary [rare] ; sectary, sectarian^ sectarial ;
denominative, denominational ; mortal,
75. All sorts and conditions of men. BOOK OF
COMMON PR. Countless the various species
of mankind, / Countless the shades which
serrate niincj fronp mjbd.^-rW. GIFFQRJX
gireatf} there a man wit^ hide $o tcmgh /
Who ,says t
74,2-783
sorty; typal, typic(al) ; special, specific,
individual, particular, peculiar, unique;
tribal, racial, family, clannish ; classified
etc. (arranged) 60.10; systematic etc.
(orderly) 58.7.
7. adj. sexual, sexuous [rare], sex-
like, sexly [rare], sexy [slang].
76. Inclusion
(See 77. Noninclusion, 55. Exclusion)
Comprehension under, or Reference to,
a Class. i. n. inclusion, comprisal, com-
prehension, incorporation, admission, re-
ception ; composition etc. (inclusion in a
compound) 54.
2. v. be included in etc., come or fall
under, range under or with, belong to,
pertain or appertain to ; enter into, merge
in.
3. v. include, comprise, comprehend,
contain, compose, admit, subsume, re-
ceive, enclose, incorporate, cover, em-
body, encircle, encompass, involve, em-
brace, hold, take in ; reckon among, enu-
merate or number among, place or ar-
range under or with ; take into account or
consideration, refer to.
4. adj. included, including etc. v.', of
the same class etc. 75 ; congenerous etc.
(related) 9.6.
5. adj. inclusive, unexclusive [rare],
inclusory [rare], comprehensive, com-
pendious; wide, sweeping etc. (exten-
sive) 31.7; all-inclusive etc. (universal)
78.11 ; component etc. 56.3.
77. Noninclusion
(See 76. Inclusion)
1. n. noninclusion, expulsion etc. (ex-
clusion) 55 ; rejection etc. (ejection) 297.
2. n. outlaw etc. (outcast) 893.5.
78. Generality
(See 79. Speciality)
1. n. generality, universality, world-
wideness etc. adj. ; ecumenicity ; catholic-
ity, Catholicism ; generalization.
2. . prevalence, rifeness etc. adj., rtnt ,
3. n. (generality or entirety of diversi-
fied groups) Pan- Americanism, Pat|-
Anglicanism, Panhellemsm, . PatirQejf-
7S. For parlor use Ac vague generality Is a
783-79.6
manism, Pan-Slavism, Pan-Sclavism,
Pan-Slavonism, Pan-Asianism, Pan-Asi-
aticism, Pan-Babylonism, Pan-Bud-
dhism, Pan-Celticism, Pan-Hispanism,
Pan-Islamism, Pan-Mongolism, Pan-
Moslemism, Pan-Prussianism, Pan-Teu-
tonism, etc.
4. n. the generality, run, general /,
common ~, average or ordinary run, us-
ual or normal kind etc. 75.2, average,
ruck.
5. n. everyone, everybody, each and
every one, each and every [dial.], one
and all, all hands [coll.], all hands and
the cook [slang], every man Jack [coll.],
every mother's son (coll.], all the world,
tout'le monde [F.], all the world and his
brother or wife [humorous], the devil
and all [coll.] ; every Tom, Dick, and
Harry [coll.] ; whole boodle or caboodle,
whole kit, whole kit and caboodle or boil-
ing, whole boiling, whole toot and scram-
ble or stumble [all slang] ; all etc. 50.2.
6. pron. whatever, whatever, whatso-
ever, whatsoe'er, what so or whatso
[arch, and dial.], whatsomever [dial.],
anything soever which.
7. v. be general etc. adj., prevail, be go-
ing about, stalk about.
8. r. generalize, make or render gen-
eral etc. adj., universalize ; reduce to gen-
eral laws, give a general form to ; derive
or induce a general conception, apply
generally, give a general applicability;
broaden, spread.
g. adj. general, generic, collective ; en-
cyclopedic (alj ; panoramic, bird's-eye.
10. adj. prevalent, prevailing, current,
rife, rampant, epidemic, besetting ; wide-
8 spread, sweeping etc. (extensive) 31.7;
customary, common etc. (habitual)
613.11.
11. adj. universal, catholic (al), com-
prehensive, all-inclusive, all-embracing,
world-wide, nation-wide, state-wide,
heaven- wide; ecumenic ( al ); all over
[coll.], covered with.
12. adj. Pan- African, Pan- Afrikander,
Pan- Syrian, Pan-American, Pan- Angli-
can, Panhellenic, Pan-Germanic, Pan-
German, Pan-Arabian, Pan-Asiatic, Pan-
Britannic, Pan-British, Pan-Celtic, Pan-
Croat, Pan-European, Pan-Gothic, Pan-
Slav^ Pan- Slavonic, Pan-Slavic, Pan-
Sdavic, Pan-Sclavonian, Pan-Slavistic,
Pan-Slavonian, Pan- Syrian, Pan-His-
panic, Pan-Latin, Pan-Mongolian, Pan-
Pacific, Pan-Russian, Pan-Saxon, Pan-
boeotian, Pan-Buddhist, Pan-Christian,
Pan-Islam, Pan-Islamic, Pan-Israelitish,
etc.
13. adj. etc. every, all, every one, each,
each one, each and all of, one and all of.
14. adj. indefinite, indeterminate, un-
specified, impersonal; vague etc. 475.11.
15. adv. generally etc. adj., in general,
generally speaking, speaking generally,
roughly speaking, as a rule, as a matter
of course, for the most part, by and large,
for better or for worse ; in the long run
etc. (on an average) 29.5 ; invariably etc.
16.7; always etc. 112.5; commonly etc.
(habitually) 613.13.
79. Speciality
(See 78. Generality)
1. ?L speciality, ^n'a/ffr [F.], special-
ty, specificness etc. adj.
2. n. particularity, singularity, pecu-
liarity, individuality; characteristic, dis-
tinctive feature, trait, trick, diagnostic
[spec. Med.], physiognomic [rare], line-
ament, quality, property ; idiosyncrasy,
idiocrasy; mannerism; jc ne sals quoi
[F.], nescio quid [L.] ; mark, earmark,
distinguishing mark or characteristic, dif-
ferentia (pi. differentiae) ; tendency etc.
176 ; character etc. (nature) 5.3 ; identity
etc. 13 ; unity etc. 87.
3. n. particulars, details, circum-
stances, items, counts ; minute particulars
or details, minutiae.
4. n. etc. selfhood, self ness [rare] ; self,
I, I myself, me, myself, oneself, number
one | coll.], your Uncle Dudley [slang],
yours truly [coll.] ; yourself, himself, her-
self, itself ; themselves, theirselves [dial.] ,
theirsens [dial.] jegohood, egoity [rare] ;
ego, personality, entire self or man ; alter,
altenim [both L.], alter ego; subliminal
self, subliminal ; psyche etc. 994.11 ; inner
man etc. 450.3 ; world-self etc. 359.3.
5. v. specify, designate, mention, de-
termine, denote, indicate, point out, se-
lect; differentiate.
6. v. specialize, individualize, particu-
larize, give particulars of, give full par-
ticulars, detail, give in detail, go into de-
tails, itemize ; descend to particulars, get
79. Men acquire a particular quality by con-
stantly acting in a particular way. ARISTOTLE.
Who is it that can tell me who I am? SHAKE-
SPEARE. Each man ... is justified in his in-
down to brass tacks [coll.], get down to
cases [slang, U.S.], come to the point;
make special or specific, specificize [rare] .
7. adj. special, especial, specific, par-
ticular, precise, express, singular, indi-
vidual ; personal, private, intimate, eso-
teric ; respective, several ; restricted, lim-
ited, confined, fixed, definite, determinate,
certain, exclusive, partial ; containing par-
ticulars, detailed, minute, full, circum-
stantial ; distinguished, noteworthy.
8. adj. peculiar, characteristic, typical,
representative, distinctive, marked, ap-
propriate, proper, endemic ; original ;
idiosyncratic (al), idiocratic(al) ; diag-
nostic ; party ; unique, uncommon etc.
(unusual) 83.10 ; intrinsic etc. 5.7 ; char-
acterized etc. 820.3.
g. adj. this, this here [dial.], these.
10. adj. that, that there [dial], those;
yon, yond, yonder.
11. adv. specially, especially etc. adj.,
in particular, /;/ propria persona [L.] : ad
ho mine m [L.] ; for my <^, your etc. part,
as far as regards me, ~ you etc., for all
me.
12. adv. each, apiece ; one by one. sev-
erally, respectively, each to each ; seriatim
[NL.], in detail, bit by bit; pro hac vice
[L.], pro re nata [L.].
13. adv. namely, nominally, that is to
say, videlicet [L.], viz., scilicet, scil., sc.,
to wit.
80. Rule
1. n. rule, law, formula (pi. formulas,
formulae) , principle ; governing law, pre-
scribed or set form, settled or established
rule, hard and fast rule, standing order or
dish, Procrustean law, law of the Medes
and Persians; regulation, maxim etc.
(precept) 697; standard, criterion etc.
(prototype) 22 ; method, system etc. (or-
der) 58 ; regularity etc, (uniformity) 16;
rut, routine etc. (habit) 613.
2. ?/. normality, normalcy, normal state
or condition, natural or ordinary state of
affairs.
3. adj. regular, constant, steady etc.
(uniform) 16.5 ; methodical, systematic
etc. (orderly) 58.7; measured etc.
dividuality. EMERSON. I celebrate myself
and sing myself, WHITMAN. Le style est
rhomme meme [His style is the man himself].
BUFFON.
80. Exceptions prove the rule.
466.13; customary etc. (habitual)
613.11 ; according to rule etc. (conform-
able) 82.8, 9.
8 1. Multiformity
(See 1 6. Uniformity)
1. n. multiformity, omniformity, multi-
fariousness etc. adj., variety, diversity,
variegation, heterogeneity ; polymorph-
ism ; varied assortment etc. (collection)
72.8, (mixture) 41; irrelation etc. 10;
nonuniformity etc. i6a.
2. adj. multiform, multifold, multifari-
ous, multigenerous, multiplex, variform
[rare], diversiform, amoebiform, mani-
fold, many-sided, omniform, omnigenous,
omnifarious, polymorphic, polymorphous,
multiphase, metamorphotic, protean, pro-
teiform, heterogeneous, motley, mosaic;
epicene ; unimiform etc. i6a.2.
3. adj. diversified, varied, sorty [coll.],
variegated, checked, daedal ; indiscrimi-
nate, desultory, irregular; divers, vari-
ous; of various kinds, of sorts [coll.];
all manner of, all sorts or kinds of ; of all
sorts and kinds, of every description, of
every color and description ; et hoc genus
onine [L.] ; and what not; different etc.
15.7; dissimilar etc. 18.4.
82. Conformity
(See 83. Unconformity; also
23. Agreement)
i. n. conformity, conformance, con-
formation ; observance, observation ;
adaption, adaptation ; adjustment, accom-
modation; line, keeping; reconcilement,
reconciliation ; custom etc. 613.2 ; conven-
tionality etc. 852.2 ; acquiescence, com-
pliance etc. (submission) 725 ; corre-
spondence, congruity etc. (agreement)
23 ; uniformity etc. 1 6 ; orthodoxy etc.
2. n. example, exemplar, ensample
[rare] , sample, teaser [trade slang] , spec-
imen, representative ; exemplification,
81. O Lord, how manifold are thy works!
BIBLE. Variety's the very spice of life.
COWPER. Oh, how various is the scene /
Allowed to Man for his demesne! HOFFEN-
STEIX. Age cannot wither her, nor custom
stale / Her infinite variety. SHAKESPEARE.
82. They are happy men whose natures sort
with their vocations. BACON. Conform, thy-
self to thy present fortune, and cut thy coat
according to thy cloth. R. BURTOX. The
82.2-83.4
instance, relevant instant, case, case in
point, illustration, quotation ; object les-
son ; elucidation, explanation ; pattern
etc. (prototype) 22.
3. n. conformist, conformer, conven-
tionalist, bromide or bromidite [slang],
formalist, methodologist, precisian, ped-
ant, Philistine.
4. v. conform, comply, adapt, adjust,
accommodate, meet, suit, fit, shape, cor-
respond ; adapt etc. to, agree or comply
with, tally with, chime or fall in with, be
guided or regulated by ; reconcile, settle,
compose ; rub off corners ; harmonize, ac-
cord etc. (agree) 23.7; be uniform etc,
16.3.
5. V. conform to rule, conventionalize,
follow ~, observe ~, go by ^, bend to
or obey rules or precedents, go according
to Hoyle [coll.] etc. adj., fall into a cus-
tom or usage, follow the fashion, follow
the crowd or multitude, swim or go with
the stream, ~ tide or current, do as
others do, hurler avec les loups [F.],
tread or follow the beaten path or track ;
come to time, keep in step, get into line,
toe the mark or line, walk the chalk, walk
the chalk mark or line [all coll.] ; keep up
to standard, pass muster, come up to
scratch [coll.] ; keep one in countenance;
pass current; move in a rut etc. (habit)
613.10; be fashionable etc. 852.6.
6. v. exemplify, example, sample, type
[rare], instance, produce an instance etc.
., put a case, illustrate, cite, quote; elu-
cidate, explain.
7. adj. conformed, adapted etc. v. ; nat-
uralized etc. (habituated) 613.12.
8. adj. conformable, adaptable, adjust-
able ; consistent, harmonious etc. (agree-
ing) 23.9; compliant etc. (submissive)
725.5-
9. adj. conformable to rule, according
to rule or regulation, according to use or
custom ; according to Cocker, ~ Gunter
or Hoyle [coll] ; en regie [F.], selon les
regies [P.] ; well-regulated etc, (or-
derly) 58,7 ; regular etc. (uniform) 16.5 ;
customary, usual etc. (habitual) 613.11 ;
conventional $tc- 852.8; preceptive etc.
697.2 ; orthodox etc.
virtue in mo$t respects h conformity,
SON. Examples work more forcibly on the
nund than !*Fecef>ts.^FrBU>iMCL Example is
always more efficacious than precept AESOP,
Example is a lesson that all men can read,-*-
G. WEST. When in Rome, do as the Romans
do.
46
10. adj. orthodox, canonical, sound,
sound on the goose [coll.], hard-shell
[coll., U.S.] ; strict, uncompromising etc.
(severe) 739.5 ; faithful, catholic etc. (re-
ligion) 983a.7; authentic etc. 494.11.
n. adj. exemplary, exemplifying etc.
?'., illustrative, representative; emblem-
atic, symbolic, typical, prefigurative, fig-
urative.
12. adv. etc. conformably etc. adj., in
conformity with, in accordance with, in
keeping with, uniformly with, consist-
ently with, according to ; by rule, by the
card ; as a rule etc. (generally) 78.15 ; as
usual etc. 613.14.
13. adv. for conformity, for the sake of
conformity; for form's sake, pro forma
[L.]- "
14. adv. for example, for instance, as
an instance or example, exempli gratia
[L.], e.g., inter alia [L.].
83. Unconformity
(See 82. Conformity; also
24. Disagreement)
1. n. unconformity, inconsistency, ir-
regularity, deviation, divergence, variety ;
anomaly, anomalousness etc. adj., anom-
alism; teratism [Med.] ; aberrance or
aberrancy, aberration; abnormality, ab-
normity; disagreement etc. 24; nonutu-
formity etc. i6a; irrelation etc. 10.
2. n. nonconformity, nonconformance,
disconformity ; nonobsetvance, noncom-
pliance ; nonconventionality, unconven-
tionality, originality, informality, Bo-
hemianism ; disagreement, dissent ; recu-
sance or recusancy; infraction ~, breach
~, violation or infringement of custom or
usage ; unorthodoxy, sectarianism etc.
984.
3. n. unusualness, uniqueness, strange-
ness ; bizarreness etc. adj. ; bizarrene
[F.], oddity, peculiarity, singularity, rar-
ity, abnormality, exceptionality ; idiosyn-
crasy etc. (eccentricity) 503.6; individ-
uality etc. 79.2.
4. n. nonconformist, original, sulphite
[slang], Bohemian, eccentric, character
83. Whoso would be a man must be a non-
conformist. EMERSON. All good things
which exist are the fruits of originality .-r-J r S.
MILL, That so few now dare to be eccentric
iwks the chief danger of the, time-. J. S. MILL.
Not conventionally unconventional. SHAW.
It is a custom / More honored in the breach
83.4-83.B
[coll], card [coll.], case [slang] ; one in
a thousand, one in a way; nondescript,
nonesuch [rare].
crank, crackpot, nut, screwball [all
slang] ; queer chap, queer specimen [coll.
or slang] ; odd or queer fish, bird, queer
bird, duck, queer duck, odd stick, geezer,
galoot, queer or rum customer, rum one,
rummy, bird, duck, geezer, [all slang] ;
codger, duffer [both coll.] ; curiosity,
oddity, rarity, rara avis [L.], exception,
abnormality, missing link; radical etc.
(reformer) 658.5; recusant etc. (dissen-
ter) 489.3 ; heretic, sectarian etc. 984.12-
14-
5. n. hermaphrodite, epicene, an-
drogyne, gynandroid, bisexual, homosex-
ual ; Lesbian ; pervert, sodomist, sodom-
ite; homo, queer, fairy, pansy, queen,
nance, Nancy or nancy, Molly or molly,
Miss Molly," betty, painted Willie, fag,
fagot, flute [all slang] ; tertium quid [L.],
neither one thing nor the other.
6. n. monstrosity, monster, miscrea-
tion, abortion, mooncalf [arch.], cacogen-
esis [Med.], teratism, teratogeny, tera-
tology ; freak, freak of nature, Incus na-
turae [L.] ; prodigy, prodigiosity.
7. n. (mythical monsters) phoenix, chi-
mera, Hydra, sphinx, manticore or man-
ticora, Gorgon, Minotaur, centaur, Sagit-
tary, sea horse, hippocampus, hircocer-
vus, hippocerf, hippogriff or hippogryph,
hippocentaur, kraken, dipsas, cockatrice,
basilisk, wivern, roc, simurgh, dragon,
drake [arch.], sea serpent, salamander,
griffin, Python, xiphopagtis, mermaid,
merman, unicorn, ogre, ogress, Cyclops,
Cerberus, ant lion ; gazook, oink, whang-
doodle, gyascutus, prock, sidewinder,
wampus, wampus cat, swamp gaboon,
whiffle-bird, tree squeak [all humorous] ;
animal etc. 366.
8. v. be unconformable etc. adj., not
conform etc. 82.4 ; abnormalize ; leave the
beaten path or track, get out of line
[coll.] , infringe ^, break or violate a law,
<*-* habit, ^ usage or custom; drive a
coach and six through; stretch a point;
have no business there ; beggar or baffle
all description.
9< adj. unconformable, nonconform-
able; unconventional, nonobservant ; ec-
than the observance. SHAKESPEARE. If a
mail does not keep pace with his companions,
perhaps it is becattse hfe hears a different dnim-
mer. T KOREA tf. Men whose heads do grow
centric, irregular, heteroclite, informal,
deviative, divergent, aberrant, stray,
straying, wandering, wanton, lawless ;
anomalous, anomalistic ; abnormal, ab-
normous; out of order or place, mis-
placed, out of one's element ; out of keep-
ing, out of tune, out of turn [slang], out
of line [coll.], out of step; egregious, fla-
grant, gross ; arbitrary, capricious ; dis-
agreeing etc. 24.6; unorthodox etc.
984.22.
10. adj. unusual, inusitate [rare], un-
ordinary, unnatural, uncustomary, unac-
customed, unwonted, uncommon, unfa-
miliar, unheard-of, unprecedented, unpar-
alleled, unexampled, undescribed, unde-
scribable, unaccountable, unexpected ; un-
imaginable, inimaginable [obs.], incon-
ceivable, incredible ; out of the ordinary,
out of the way, out of the common or
common run, out of or off the beaten
track, out of the pale ; rare, singular, ex-
ceptional, extraordinary, unique, sui gen-
eris [L.], recherche [F.], curious, pecu-
liar.
odd, outre [F.], quisby [slang], rum
[slang], strange, passing strange, queer,
funny [coll.] , comical [coll.] , quaint, non-
descript; monstrous, outlandish, exotic
[rare], fantastic, fanciful, grotesque,
freakish, bizarre, baroque, rococo, weird ;
teratogenic, teratogenetic, teratoid; re-
markable, wonderful, noteworthy, stu-
pendous, marvelous, prodigious ; super-
natural, preternatural, supernormal ;
tombc des nues [F.] ; denaturalized; out
[as out sizes], off [as off color] ; new-
fangled etc. (novel) 123.10; unknown
etc. 491.14; superexcellent etc. 648.10.
11. adj. original, sulphidic or sulphitic
[slang] , informal, Bohemian, on the free
and easy [slang], nonobservant, uncon-
ventional, unfashionable, not being done;
utiimitated etc. 20.3.
12. adj. hermaphrodite, hermaphro-
ditic (al) ; androgynous, androgytial, gy-
nandrous, gynandrian, epicene, bisexual,
homosexual, queer [slang], monoclinous,
amorphous, heteroclite ; adelomorphic,
adelomorphous ; Lesbian ; effeminate ;
perverted.
13. int. what on earth!, what in the
world!, what under the sun!, what in
hell! [coll.].
beneath their shoulders* S*
Leviathan, that crooked serpent ... the drag-
on that is in the sea. BIBLE.
84,1-85.4
48
84. Number
(See also 85. Numeration)
1. w. number, numeral, numero, No. or
no. [abbr.], character, symbol, figure, fig-
ger [dial.], cipher, digit, integer; cardi-
nal number ; round number ; counter ;
formula (/>/. formulas, formulae) ; func-
tion ; series ; figurate numbers, pyramidal
numbers, polygonal numbers ; quantity
etc. 25.
2. n. (mathematical sums and ele-
ments) complement, subtrahend, multi-
plicand, multiplier, multiplicator, multi-
ple, submultiple, coefficient, dividend, di-
visor, factor, quotient, fraction, mixed
number, numerator, denominator, deci-
mal, mixed decimal, circulating decimal,
repetend, common measure, aliquot part,
reciprocal, prime number, tot lent, quota,
quotum [rare], differential integral,
fluxion, fluent, power, root, radix, base,
exponent, index, logarithm, antiloga-
rithm, modulus.
3. ;z. sum, summation, difference, prod-
uct, count, score, reckoning, tally, tale,
the story or whole story [coll.], aggre-
gate, amount, gross amount, stick [sport-
ing slang] ; total etc. (all) 50.2.
4. n. permutation, combination, alter-
nation ; election.
5. . variation, variation of a function,
variation of an integral, variation of con-
stants or parameters.
6. ?L ratio, proportion ; progression,
arithmetical progression, geometrical
progression, harmonical progression ;
percentage, per cent or percent.
7. adj. numeral, numerary, numera-
tive, numerical; figural, figurate, figura-
tive; aliquot, submultiple, reciprocal,
prime, fractional, decimal, exponential,
logarithmic, logometric, differential, flux-
ional, integral, totitive ; positive, nega-
tive; rational, irrational; surd, radical;
real, imaginary ; possible, impossible.
85. Numeration
(See also 84. Number)
i. n. numeration, enumeration, num-
bering, summation, reckoning, counting,
84. Winner o deus impare gaudet [The god de-
lights in odd numbers]. VERGIL. I've got
your number. HOLMES.
85. And, dear child, mind your arithmetic . . .
What would life be without arithmetic, but a
telling [arch.], computation, calculation,
calculus [rare], account, estimation, re-
cension, supputation [obs.] ; adding, foot-
ing, totaling, casting; rhabdology [rare] ;
dactylonomy ; dead reckoning ; measure-
ment etc. 466, accountancy etc. 811.4.
2. n. mathematics, math [slang], math-
eniatic, mathesis |rare] ; pure mathema-
tics, abstract mathematics, applied mathe-
matics, higher mathematics, elementary
mathematics ; arithmetic, elementary
arithmetic, higher arithmetic, political
arithmetic, binary arithmetic; algorism,
algorithm.
algebra, elementary or ordinary alge-
bra, higher algebra, multiple algebra, com-
plex or double algebra, vector algebra,
quaternian algebra, associative algebra,
commutative algebra, nilpotent algebra,
noncommutative algebra, subalgebra,
proper subalgebra, invariant subalgebra,
simple algebra, semisimple algebra, reduc-
ible algebra, equivalent algebras, zero
algebra, linear algebra, hyperalgebra, n-
tuple linear algebra, graphic algebra,
Boolian algebra, matrix algebra, division
algebra, universal algebra; calculus, dif-
ferential calculus, integral calculus, in-
finitesimal calculus, calculus of differ-
ences.
geometry, algebraic geometry, analytic
geometry, circle geometry, denumerative
geometry, descriptive geometry, geodesic
geometry, hyperbolic geometry, intui-
tional geometry, inverse geometry, line
geometry, metageometry, natural geome-
try, projective geometry, speculative ge-
ometry, universal geometry, Euclidean
geometry, Riemannian geometry; trigo-
nometry, trig [slang], plane trigonome-
try, spherical trigonometry ; analysis ;
fluxions; geodesy etc. (measurement)
466.8.
3. . statistics, statistology ; count, ac-
count ; recount, recapitulation ; census,
poll etc. (roll) 86.2; score, tally etc.
(sum) 84.3.
4. n. (operations) notation, addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division, pro-
portion, rule of three, practice, equations,
extraction of roots, reduction, involution,
evolution, approximation, interpolation,
scene of horrors ? S. SMITH. The king was
In his counting-house / Counting out his money.
NURSERY RHYME. The very hairs of your
head are all numbered. BIBLE.
49
differentiation, integration, indigitation
[rare],
5 n> (instruments) calculator, coun-
ter; abacus, suan pan [Chin.] ; Napier's
bones or rods ; calculating machine, add-
ing machine, arithmometer, arithmo-
graph, comptometer [trade name], dif-
ference engine, listing machine ; cash reg-
ister; rule, logometer etc, (measure)
4664,
6. it. mathematician, mathematic
fobs.], arithmetician, calculator, abacist;
geometer, geometrician; algebraist, trig-
onometrician, actuary, statistician ; geod-
esist etc. (measure 466.9.
7. v. number, numerate, enumerate,
count, tell, tell off, "tell his tale" (Mil-'
ton), name or call over, run over; count
up, figure, figure out or up, cipher, cipher
up, reckon, reckon up [coll.], calculate,
compute, supputate [obs.], suppute
[obs.] , estimate, make or furnish an esti-
mate, take an account of, sum, sum up,
cast up, score, score up, total, total up,
tot up [coll., Eng.j ; add, add up; sub-
tract, multiply, divide, extract roots, al-
gebraize ; recount, recapitulate ; relate,
rehearse, recite, detail ; call the roll, count
noses [coll.], muster, poll, census; keep
accounts etc. 811.7.
8. v. check, check up, check up on
[coll.] ; prove, demonstrate ; balance, bal-
ance the books; audit, overhaul, take
stock, inventory, inventorize [rare].
9. r. page, paginate, number or mark
the pages of, affix numbers to, foliate.
10. v. amount to, come to, aggregate,
come to in its aggregate, total, tot up to
[coll., Eng.], be in its totality.
11. adj. numerative, numberahle.
countable, reckonable, computable, cal-
culable; rhabdological [rare] ; commen-
surable, commensurate.
12. adj. mathematical, arithmetic (al),
algebraic ( al ) , geometric ( al ) , analyt-
ic (al), statistic(al).
86. List
i. n. list, register, registry, record, in-
ventory, tablet, tableau [F.], scroll,
screed, brief [obs.] ; catalogue, classified
I ** ^y * :"<* .
86. He's got 'em on the list . . . / And thefll
none of 'em be missed. GILBERT. How in-
dex-learning turns no student pale, / Yet holds
the eel of science by the tail. POPE*
85.4-87.2
catalogue, catalogue raisonnc |F.]; file,
letter file, catalogue file ; pamphlet file,
pam file [library cant] ; index, thumb in-
dex, card index ; glossary, gloss, vocabu-
lary ; table, contents, table of contents ;
memorandum, memo [coll.] ; compen-
dium, synopsis, syllabus, brief, digest ;
schedule, calendar, calends or kalends,
docket [U.S.], draft, panel, prospectus,
program, line-up [coll.].
bill of fare, menu, carte ; invoice, mani-
fest, bill of lading ; account, score, tally ?
terrier; bill of costs, score [slang], dam-
age [slang] ; bulletin, bulletin board,
score board or sheet; totalizator [turf] r
tote [turf cant] ; clergy list, civil service
list, army list, navy list, sick list, active
list, retired list; ballot, ticket [U.S.
polit.], slate [polit. cant] ; cadastre or
cadaster, cadre [F.] ; chartulary, cartu-
lary ; diptych ; ledger, journal, memoran-
dum book etc. (record book) 551.3; dic-
tionary etc. 593.4.
2. n. roll, roster, rota ; check roll,
checker roll, bead roll [spec. R.C. Ch.J,
muster roll or book, roll of honor ; roll
call, muster, capitation fobs.], census,
nose count [coll.], poll, returns, census
report or returns ; panel.
3. v. list, register, catalogue, record,
inscribe, tally, tabulate, enter, enroll, ma-
triculate, post, docket [U.S.] , book ; man-
ifest ; bill, invoice, indent ; file, index ; in-
ventory, inventorize [rare] ; census, poll,
count noses [coll.] ; schedule, slate
[U.S.], line up [coll.], calendar; score,
keep score ; empanel, impanel.
4. adj. listed, catalogued etc. v. ; inven-
torial, cadastral.
87. Unity
(See 100. Plurality)
1. n. unity, oneness, undividedness,
singleness etc, adj. ; integrality, compac-
tion [rare], compages (sing, and />/.),
consistency, solidarity, coherence, inter-
connection of parts, organic totality ; in-
dividuality etc. 79.2; solitude etc. (seclu-
sion) 893.2; isolation etc. (disjunction)
44; unification etc. 48.1; completeness
etc. 52 ; whole etc. 50.
2. n. unit, one, ace, monad, monas
87, He travels the fastest who travels alone.
KIPLING. Liberty and Union, now and for-
ever, one and inseparable. D. WEBSTER.
87.2-88.8
[rare] (pL monades) ; none else, no
other, nought beside.
3. . integer, item, individual, entity,
point, module.
4. <u. be one etc. adj., be or stand alone.
5. z/. unify, render one; unite etc.
(join) 43.5 (combine) 48,3, 4.
6. adj. one, single, singular, individual,
sole, solus [L.] (fern, sola), solitary,
lone; sesqui-, one and a half.
7. adj. unique, sole, singular, odd, un-
repeated, azygous, first and last, only,
onliest [dial.], only-begotten, one and
only.
8. adj. alone, solitary, solus [L.] (fern,
sola), apart, cornpanionless, unaccom-
panied, unattended; lonely, lonesome;
monad, monadic ( al ); kithless; single-
handed, unassisted, unaided; separate,
isolated, insular etc. (disjoined) 44.12.
9. adj. unific, unitary, unifying, unit-
ing; combinative, combinatory ; connec-
tional, connective, connecting; conjunc-
tive, conjunctival ; coalescing, coalescent ;
compact, irresolvable ; uniflorous, uni-
lobed, uniglobular, unifoliate, unigenital,
unilateral, unilocular, unimodular ; mono-
spermous.
10. adv. singly, individually etc. adj. ;
particularly, in the singular; severally,
one by one, one at a time ; alone, without
companions or associates, of or by itself,
all by if s or one's lonesome [coll.] , per se
[L.]; apart, in the abstract; solely,
simply, exclusively.
Sya. Zero
1. n. zero, naught or nought, cipher,
nil, nichts [G.] ; nix, nixie, goose or
duck egg [Sport], duck [Sport,], hike
[all slang] ; none, scratch etc. (nothing)
2.2; absence etc. 187.
2. adj. no, not one, not any, none
[arch.],
3. adz*, none, not at all, in no way, to no
extent.
88. Accompaniment
i- w, accompaniment, concomitance or
concomitancy, coexistence, coeffitiency;
Distinct as the billows, yet one as the sea.
J. MONTGQUEBY. We are one people and will
feet ES one. SCKXUJB,
38, Two is company, fta*e is a eroM.
Svtry must i* likt the cotafon? he
50
attendant, concomitant, obbligato, coeffi-
cient ; attribute ; context ; appendage, ac-
cessory, appurtenance etc. (adjunct) 39.
2. n. company, association, compan-
ionship, fellowship, palship [slang], so-
ciety ; partnership, copartnership.
3. n. accompanier, accompanist, accom-
panyist ; attendant, companion, mate, fel-
low, associate, colleague, fidus Achates
[L.], consort, spouse; partner, pard
[slang, chiefly U.S.], copartner; chum
[coll.], comrade etc. (friend) 890; satel-
lite, shadow, hanger-on etc. (follower)
281.2; flunky [coll.], lackey etc. (serv-
ant) 746.
4. n. escort, conductor; usher, ush
' [slang] ; chaperon, shap [slang], duenna,
gooseberry [slang] ; retainer, burkundaz
[Incl], bodyguard, safe-conduct, convoy ;
psychopompos [Gr. Relig.], Hermes,
cavalier, squire etc, (lover) 897*6.
5. n. attendance, following, cortege
[F.] or cortege, retinue, suite, suit
[arch.], rout, trail, train, train of attend-
ants, body of retainers ; court ; procession
etc. 69.3,
6. v. accompany, company [arch.],
bear or keep company, companion, com-
panionize [coll.], attend, hang or wait on,
hang around with [coll.], associate or
couple with, consort with, flock together,
herd together- [coll.], row in the same
boat, go with, go hand in hand with;
chum, pal, buddy, pal with, chum or
buddy together, buddy or pal up or
around with [all slang] ; take up with
[coll.], tie up with [slang] ; clique or
clique with [coll.], gang or mob up with
[slang]; coexist, concur; follow etc.
281.3.
7. v. escort, conduct, usher, convoy,
guide, carry [arch, and dial], tote [coll.,
U.S.], squire; hustle [U.S,], chase
[U.S.], drag [U.S.], flame [all slang] ;
chaperon, shap [slang], play gooseberry
[slang] ; precede etc. 280.2; protect etc.
664.3.
8. adj. accompanying, accompanimen-
tal ; concomitant, comitant [rare] ; at-
tendant, accessory, obbligato [chiefly
is womUo keep.' EURIPIDES. A merry com-
panion is as good as a wagon. LYLY. Good
company is a good coach. J. CLARKE. Good
company and good discourse are the very sinews
of virtue. I, WAWON. Birds of a feather
flock together. Nascitw a wciis [A person
is known by the company he
51
88.8-91.6
Mus.], associated or coupled with; fel-
low, twin, joint.
g. adv. etc. in company with, with,
withal [chiefly arch.], together or along
with, coupled with, in conjunction with ;
hand in hand or glove, side by side, cheek-
by jowl, arm in arm; therewith, here-
with; including, as well as etc. (addition-
ally) 37-8, 9.
10. adv. together, in a body, collec-
tively, mutually, in conjunction; con-
jointly, jointly etc. 43.14.
89. Duality
(See 91. Bisection; also 90. Duplication)
1. n. duality, dualism, duplexity, du-
plicity, biplicity [rare], biformity ; polar-
ity.
2. n. two, tw r ain [chiefly poetic] ; cou-
ple, couplet, doublet [Tech., cant, or
coll.], brace, pair, match, dyad, duad,
twosome [spec, golf], span; twins, pair
of twins [coll.], Siamese twins; twin
stars, Castor and Pollux, Gemini ; deuce,
deucer [slang], dace [slang, U.S.; all
cards and dice] ; snake eyes [slang],
crabs, craps [all dice] ; jaws, cheeks [as
of a vice] ; the two, both ; yoke, conjuga-
tion ; distich ; dispermy.
3. v. pair, unite in pairs, pair off, cou-
ple, couple up; bracket, yoke, span
[U.S.] ; match, mate; cpnduplicate.
4. adj. dual, dualistic; binary, bino-
mial, binate [Bot.], binal [rare] ; byadic,
duadic ; two, twain [chiefly poetic] ; twin,
biparous ; diphyletic ; dispermous, dispef-
mic; biduous; conduplicate [chiefly
Bot.]; tete-a-tete; duplex, twofold etc.
{double) 90.3.
5. adj. coupled, paired etc. v. ; conju-
gate; bi jugate, uni jugate [both Bot.].
6. adj. etc. both, both the one and the
other, the two, not only this but that as
well ; both two, both twain, all both, all
two [all now dial.].
90. Duplication
(See t)i. Bisection; also 89. Duality)
i. n. duplication,*, reduplication^ repro-
duction, gemination,, ingemination, <iou-
89. Two are better than one. BIBLE. Two
souls with but a single thought, two hearts that
beat as one. BELLIJSTGHAUSEN.
bling etc. v. ; reiteration etc. (repetition)
104 ; renewal etc. 660.2 ; duplicate, coun-
terpart etc. (copy) 21.
2. v. duplicate, dupe [print, slang],
ditto [coll.], double, dub [slang, U.S.],
geminate [rare; Tech.] ; reduplicate, re-
double; repeat etc. 104.4, 5; imitate etc.
19.5-10; renew etc. 660.13.
3. adj. duplicate, double, doubled etc.
v. ; bicipital, bicephalous, bidental, bilabi-
ate, bivalve or bivalvular, bifold, biform,
bilateral, bifarious, bifacial ; twofold, two-
sided ; disomatous ; duple [rare] , duplex ;
double-faced, double-headed; twin, bi-
parous; geminous [rare], geminate, in-
geminate; second, secondary; dual etc.
89.4.
4. adv. etc. doubly etc. adj., to twice
as many or much, as much again, two-
fold.
5. adv. twice, two times; once more,
over again etc. (repeatedly) 104.8.
6. adv. secondly, in the second place
or instance, again, anew, afresh.
91. Bisection
(See 89. Duality, 90. Duplication)
Division into Two Parts. i. n. bisec-
tion, bipartition, bifidity, dichotomy, di-
rnidiation [rare] , halving etc. v. ; subdivi-
sion, subdichotomy [rare] ; division etc.
44.1.
2. n. bifurcation, furcation, biforking,
forking, branching, ramification, divari-
cation, divergence, separation; fork,
crotch, crutch [dial. ; as of a tree] ; fur-
culum, furcula (both anat], prong,
branch, Y, V.
3. n. half, halver or halvers [dial, and
slang] ; moiety, mediety [Law] ; hemi-
sphere, semisphere [rare] ; fifty percent,
fifty per [coll.] ; half-and-half, fifty-fifty
[slang, U.S.].
4. v. bisect halve, hemisect [rare], cut
in two, dimidiate, dichotomize; divide,
cleave, split etc. 44.7, 8 ; go halves, divide
with etc. (participate) 778.5.
5. v. bifurcate, furcate, fork, branch
off or out, separate^ diverge, divaricate,
ramify ; angle etc. 244.4.
6. adj. bisected, halved etc. v. ; cloven,
cleft; bipartite, dimidiate, biconjugate, bi-
91. Two roads diverged in a yellow wood.
FROST. Half a loaf is better than none.
91.6-95.4
geminate, bicuspid, bifid ; distichous, dis-
tichal ; dichotomous, dichotomic, dichoto-
inal ; semi-, clemi-, hemi- ; evenly divided,
half-and-half, fifty-fifty [slang, U.S.].
7. adj. bifurcate or bifurcated, bifurcal
[rare], bifurcous [rare] ; furcate, furcal,
furcular; forked, biforked, two-forked;
diverging etc. v., divergent, divaricate;
crotched, Y-shaped, V-shaped; angular
etc. 244.5.
92. Triality
(See 94. Trisection; also 93. Triplication)
1. n. trialit}, triunity, triplicity, trial-
ism [ rare [ , trilogy, trinity [spec. Theol.] ;
the Trinity, Trimurti [Hindu] etc. (De-
ity) 976.3; triplication etc. 93.
2. n. three, triad, triplet, ternion, ter-
nary, trine [rare), trio, tercet, terzetto
| AIus.], leash [as of hares] ; trey [cards
and dice], deuce-ace [dice], little trey
[dice slang] ; trefoil, shamrock, clover ;
triangle, trident, trienniurn, trigon [rare] ,
trinomial, trionym, triplopia or triplopy,
tripod, trireme, triseme, triskelion or tris-
kele, trisul or trisula, triumvirate ; spike
team [U.S.], three-up [coll., West.
U.S.].
3. n. third, tierce ; third power, cube.
4. adj. trinal, trial [Gram.], trine
[rare], triform, trinomial; triarch, tri-
aclicf al ) ; three ; triune ; tria jitncta in uno
[L.] ; three in one.
93. Triplication
(See 94. Trisection; also 92. Triality)
1. n. triplication, triplicity, trebleness
etc. adj. ; triplicate, second carbon ; terza ;
trine* triality etc. 92.
2. v. triplicate, 'triple, treble, multiply
by three, increase threefold, threefold,
trinalize [Gram. ; rare] ; cube.
3- adj. triplicate, triple, triplex, treble ;
threefold, three-ply; tern, ternary; ter-
nate, ternal ; trinary [rare], trinal trine
[rare) : trilogic(a!) t trilogistic(al) ; tri-
plasic [Gr. and L. Pros.; rare] ; third,
tertiary.
4- adv. triply, trebly, trinely, threefold ;
thrice, three times.
93. A threefold cord is not quickly broken.
BIBLE.
52
5. adv. thirdly, in the third place or
instance, again and yet again.
94. Trisection
(See 92. Triality, 93. Triplication)
Division into Three Parts. i. n. tri-
section, tripartition, trichotomy; third,
third part, one third.
2. adj. trisected, tripartite, triparted,
three-parted, trifid, trichotomous, trichot-
omic, trisculate, ternal; three-sided, tri-
lateral ; three-forked, three-pronged, tri-
furcate or trifurcated ; trident, tridental,
tridentate or tridentated, tridentiferous ;
three-footed, tripodic, tripedal ; trifolio-
late, trifoliate or trifoliated, trifloral, tri-
florate, triflorous, tripetalous, triadel-
phous. triarch [all Bot.] ; trimerous, 3-
merous [coll. ; both Bot. and ZooL] ;
three-cornered, tricornered. tricorn ; trig-
onoid, trigonous, trigonal ; triquetrous,
triquetral, triquetric; trigrammic, tri-
grammatic, triliteral ; triangular, triangu-
late ; tricuspid ; tricapsular, tricapsulate.
95. Quaternity
(See 97. Quadrisectipn; also
96. Quadruplication)
1. n. quaternity, tetralogy, quadrilogy ;
tetrapody ; quatrefoil or quadrifoil [Bot.] ,
four-leaf clover; tetragram, tetragram-
maton ; tetrahedron, tetrahedroid [all
Geom.] ; tetraphony, four-part diaphony
[both AIus.] ; square, four-square, quad-
rilateral, quadrature [obs.], quadrangle,
tetragon, tetragram; quadrinomial, bi-
quadrate [both Math.].
2. //. four, delta [Gr.], tetrad, quater-
nion, quaternary, quartet or quartette,
quatre [rare], quadruplet, foursome [esp.
golf], Little Joe (from Kokomo) [dice
slang] .
3. v. square, quadrate, reduce to a
square.
4. adj. quaternary, quaternal [rare],
quartile [Tech.], quartic, quadric
[ Tech. ] . quadratic, quadrifid, quadri-
form; quadrinomial, biquadratic [both
Math.] ; tetract, tetractine, tetractinal,
four-rayed [all ZooL]; tetrad, tetradic;
quadrivalent, tetravalent; square, four-
square, quadrangular, quadrilateral, te-
tragonal ; four.
53
96. Quadruplication
(See 97. Quadrisection; also
95. Quaternity)
1. n. quadruplication, quadruplicating
[rare].
2. v. quadruplicate, quadruple, quad-
ruplate [obs.], multiply by four, increase
fourfold, fourfold, biquadrate |Math.|,
quadruplex [Teleg.].
3. adj. quadruplicate, quadruple, quad-
ruplex, quadrible, quadrable, fourfold,
tetraplous [rare], tetraploid, quadrigem-
inal [Tech.], biquadratic [Math.] ;
fourth.
4. adv. fourthly, in the fourth place or
instance.
97. Quadrisection
(See 95. Quaternity, 96. Quadruplication)
Division into Four Parts. i. //. quacl-
risection, quadripartition, quartering etc.
v.
2. n. fourth, one fourth, quarter, quar-
tern ; quart ; farthing.
3. v. quadrisect, quarter, divide into
four parts.
4. adj. quadrisected, quadrifid, quadri-
partite [rare], quartered, quarter-cut;
quadrifoliolate, quadrifoliate ; quadrigem-
inai, quadrigeminous, quadrigeminate ;
(jiiadripinnate, quadriplanar, quadriserial,
qtiadrivial, quadrifurcate, quadrtimanal,
({uadrumanous.
98. Five
(See 99. Quinquesection)
1. n. five, fiver [slang], cinque [spec,
cards and dice], quint [cards and dice],
quincunx, quintet or quintette [spec.
Mus.], fivesome jspec. Scot.], quintuple
[rare], quintuplet, quinary [rare], pen-
tad ; fin, finf, finif, firm if, finnuf, half saw
or sawbuck, V, vee, one V [all slang,
U.S.] ; Phoebe, Little Phoebe, fever in
the South (all dice slang]; pentagon,
pentagram [both Geom.] ; pentapody,
pentameter, pentastich [all Pros.] ; pen-
tarchy, Pentateuch [Bible], pentathlon
[Athletics], pentacle, pentalpha; mullet,
estoile [both Her.].
2. n. six, sixer [slang], sise [rare exc.
dice], Captain Hicks [dice slang], half a
dozen, sextet [spec. Mus.], sestet [son-
net], sextuplet. hexad; hexagon, hexa-
hedron, hexacosihedroid, hexagram [all
Geom.] ; hexameter, hexapody, hexastich
96.1-98.8
| all Pros.]; hexavalent [Chem.], hexa-
pod, hexarchy, Hexateuch [Bible], hex-
astyle [Arch.], hexachorcl [Mus.], Hex-
abiblos, hexabromide.
3. n. seven, sevener [slang], septenary
[rare], heptacl ; seven-out [dice] ; hepta-
gon, heptahedron [both Geom.] ; heptam-
eter. heptastich (both Pros.) ; heptarchy,
Heptateuch [Bible], septet [spec. Mus.[,
sept nor, septermate.
4. ;;. eight, eighter [slang] ; Ada Ross
the stable hoss, eighter from decatur
(both dice slang] ; octagon, octahedron
[both Geom.] ; octave, octavo, octacl
jspec. Chem. | ; octet [Mus.]; ogdoad,
octonary ; octet [sonnet | , octameter [both
Pros.]; octastyle [Arch.]; utas [Eccl.],
Octateuch [Bible], octosyllable.
5. ;/. nine, niner [slang], novenary
[rare], ennead, nonary [rare], three
times three; quinine (the bitter dose),
Carolina nine [both dice slang] ; nonage,
novena [both Eccl.] ; nonagon [Geom.],
nontiplet [Mus.], enneastyle [Arch.].
6. 11. ten, tenner [slang], decad [rare],
decade, clicker [spec, of hides] ; dews,
double fin, saw, sawbuck [all slang,
U.S.] ; Big Dick, Big Dick from Boston
[both dice slang] ; decagon, decahedron
[both Geom.] ; decagram, decigram, deca-
liter, deciliter, decare, decameter, decime-
ter, decastere [all metric meas.] ; deca-
pod, decastyle [Arch.], decasyllabic, de-
cemvir or decemvirate [spec. Rom.
Antiq.], decennium, decennary. Deca-
logue [Bible].
7. ;i. (eleven to ninety) eleven, 'leven
[dial.] ; twelve, dozen, boxcar or boxcars
[dice slang] ; teens ; thirteen, long dozen,
baker's dozen, devil's dozen; fifteen,
quindecima [Mus.], quindene [Ch.
Hist.], quindecim [Plist. and Eccl.],
quindecennial ; twenty, score, double saw
or sawbuck [crim. slang, U.S.] ; twenty-
four, four and twenty, two dozen ; twenty-
five, five and twenty, quarter of a hun-
dred or century; forty, twoscore; fifty,
half a hundred/ half C or century [crim.
slang, U.S.] ; sixty, sexagenary, three-
score ; seventy, threescore and ten ;
eighty, fourscore; ninety, fourscore and
ten.
8. n. hundred, century, one C (crim.
slang, U.S.], centred [Hist.], centrev or
centref [Hist., Welsh] ; centennium, cen-
tennial, centenary ; cental, centigram,
98.8-100.2
54
centiliter, centimeter, centiare, centistere
[all metric meas.] ; hundred-weight,
cwt. ; hecatomb [Gr. Antiq.] ; centipede;
centum vir [Rom. Antiq.], centumvirate,
centurion ; bicentenary, bicentennial ; ter-
centenary, tercentennial ; one hundred
and twenty, great or long hundred
[coll.] ; twelve dozen, one hundred and
forty-four, gross.
9. n. five hundred, five centuries ; five
C's, half G or grand [both crim. slang,
U.S.].
10. n. thousand, chiliad, milliad [rare] ;
millenary [rare], millennium; G, grand,
one G or grand, thou, yard [all crim.
slang, U.S.] ; chiliagon, chiliahedron or
chiliaedron [both Geom.] ; chiliarchia or
chiliarch [Gr. Antiq,], chiliarchy [obs.] ;
millepede [ZooL] ; milligram, milliliter,
millimeter, kilogram, kiloliter, kilometer
[all metric meas,] ; kilocycle [Radio] ;
myriad, ten thousand ; one hundred thou-
sand, one hundred grand [crim. slang,
U.S-], lac or lakh [Ind.], plum [obs.].
11. . million; ten million, crore
12. n. billion, thousand million, mil-
Hard, great or long million [coll.].
13* H. (trillion etc.) trillion, quadril-
lion, quintillion, sextillion, septillion, oc-
tillion, nonillion, decillion, undecillion,
duodecillion, tredecillion, quattuordecil-
lion, quindecillion, sexdecillion, septem-
decillion, octodecillion, novemdecillion,
vigintillion, zillion [humorous].
14. r. multiply by five, ~ six etc. ; five-
fold* sixfold, etc.; quintuple, quintupli-
cate ; sextuple, sextuplicate ; centuple,
centuplicate, centuriate [obs.].
15. adj. fifth, quinary, quintuple, quin-
tuplicate, fivefold; quincuncial [spec.
Bot], pentastyle [Arch.] ; pentad, penta-
valent [both Chem.] ; quin-, penta-.
16. adj. sixth, senary [rare] ; sixfold,
sextuple, sexpartite ; hexagonal, hexahe-
dral, hexangular [all Geom.] ; hexad
[Chem.], sextuplex [Teleg.], hexastyle
[Arch.], sexennial, hexatomic [Chem.] ;
hexamerous [Bot] ; hex-, hexa-, sex-.
17. arf/- seventh, septuple, septenary,
septirjml [rare] jheptagonalyheptahedral,
heptangular [all Geom.] ; heptamerous
[Pot] ; $ept-, hept-, hepta-.
1 8, od/, eighth, octuple, octorwy; oc-
tagonal, octahedral^ octan, octangular [all
Geom.); octastyle [Arch.J; oct-, qcta-,
octo~,
19. adj. ninth, ninefold, novenary
[rare], nonary [rare]; enneahedral
[Geom.], enneastyle [Arch.]; noven-,
nona-, non-, ennea-, enne-.
20. adj. tenth, tenfold, decimal, denary,
decuple ; decagonal, decahedral [both
Geom.] ; decasyllabic; dec-, deci-, deca-,
deka-.
21. adj. eleventh, undecennial, unde-
cennar}'.
22. adj. twelfth, duodenary, duodenal ;
duodecimal.
23. adj. thirteenth, fourteenth etc.;
'steenth [coll.] ; eleventeenth, umpteenth
| both slang] ; in one's teens.
24. adj. twentieth, vicenary, vicennial,
vigesimal, vicesimal.
"25. adj. sixtieth, sexagesimal, sexage-
nary.
26. adj. seventieth, septuagesimal, sep-
tuagenary.
27. adj. centuple, centuplicate, centen-
nial centenary, centurial, hundredfold;
secular, hundredth ; cent-, centi-, hecto-.
28. adj* thousandth, millenary, millen-
nial ; kilo-, milli-.
29. adj. millionth, billionth etc.
99. Quinquesection
(See 98. Five)
Division into Five or More Parts. i.
n. quinquesection, quinquepartition, sex-
tipartition etc.; division by five, ~ six
etc. ; decimation, decimalization ; fifth,
sixth etc.
2. v. divide by five, ^ six etc. ; quin-
quesect ; decimate, decimalize.
3. adj. divided by five, <*-> six etc.;
quinquefid, quinqueliteral, quinquepar-
tite ; sexpartite, sextipartite ; septate,
septated; octofid; decimal, tenth, tithe;
duodecimal, twelfth; sexagesimal, sexa-
genary; hundredth, centesimal; millesi-
mal etc.
loo. Plurality
(See 87. Unity)
More Than One. i. n. plurality, a
number, a certain nuipber, one or two,
two or three etc,, a few, several, indefinite
or indeterminate number ; eleventeen, X-
teen, umpteen, umptyunv forty-eleven,
jillion [all slang] ; multitude etc, (uumer-
ousness) 102.2.
2, n. majority, plurality, more than
55
half, greater number, the greatest num-
ber; preponderance or preponderancy,
preponderation ; lion's share, Benjamin's
mess ; excess of votes, plural vote ; plural-
ity oE causes ; superiority etc. 33.
3. v. pluralize, plurify, multiply.
4. adj. plural, more than one ; upwards
of, uppards of [dial]; some, certain;
plurative [Logic] ; not alone etc. 87.8.
1 01. Fraction
Less Than One. i. n. fraction, frac-
tional part ; half, one half, third, one third,
fourth, one fourth etc. ; fragment, portion
etc. (part) 51.
2. adj. fractional, fragmentary, incon-
siderable, partial, portional.
102. Numerousness
(See 103. Fewness)
1. n. numerousness, multitudinousness
etc. adj.] numerosity, numerality [obs.],
multiplicity; profusion etc. (plenty)
639.2; plurality etc. 100.
2. n. multitude, great or large number,
enormous number, any number, a thou-
sand and one, an abundance, a number,
numbers, quantities, scores ; array, bevy,
galaxy, legion, host, army; all kinds or
sorts of, quite a shucks [U.S.] , dead loads
[all slang] ; bags, barrels, tons, flock,
bunch, good or great few, quite a few, no
end of, sweet ~, neat or tidy sum [all
coll.] ; plenty or a plenty [chiefly U.S.,
coll.], passel [dial.] ; shoal, swarm, hive,
cloud, herd, drove, flight, covey, brood,
litter, farrow, fry, nest; "many-headed
multitude'' (Sidney) ; all the world and
his brother or wife [joe.] ; mob, crowd
etc. (assemblage) 72; sea, batch, power
etc. (great quantity) 31.3.
3. . (increase of number) multiplica-
tion, multiplying; multiple, multiplier,
multiplicatpr [rare] , multiplicand ; tables,
multiplication table ; addition etc. 37.
4. v. be numerous etc. adj., teem with,
be alive with, creep with, swarm with,
swarm like locusts or bees; crowd,
swarm, come thick upon ; multiply ; peo-
101. Gives in the long run a net result of zero.
CARLYL&
102. Mt name is Legion: for we are many.
BlftLte. Because in the ^dministratipn it
hath respect not to tire feiv but to the multitude,
100.2-1011
pie, populate ; outnumber, exceed in num-
ber.
5. adj. etc. numerous, many, several,
sundry, divers, various, not a few, no few ;
some ten or a dozen, some forty or fifty
etc. ; half a dozen, half a hundred etc. ;
twenty or so, fifty or so etc. ; twentyish,
fiftyish etc. ; multitudinous, multitudinal,
multitudinary ; multifarious, multiferous
[rare] ; multiple, multiplied, multifold,
manifold, myriad, plentiful, plenteous,
plenty [chiefly coll.], copious, abundant,
abounding, bountiful, bounteous [coll] ;
very many, full many, ever so many, quite
some [slang], considerable [coll.] ; more
than one can tell, no end of or to [coll] ;
a world of, a hundred, a thousand, a
myriad, a million, a billion, a quadrillion,
a nonillion, a thousand and one.
generous, lavish, profuse, in profusion,
prodigal, superabundant, rife, teeming,
swarming, alive with, populous, thronged,
crowded, studded, thick, thick-coming;
thick as hops, ~ hail, ~ flies, ~ thieves
etc., "thick as autumnal leaves that strow
the brooks in Vallombrosa" (Milton),
plenty as blackberries, numerous as the
stars in the firmament, numerous as the
sands on the seashore, numerous as the
hairs on the head, "numerous as glitter-
ing gems of morning dew" (Young) ; and
many more, cum multis aliis [L.], and
what not, and heaven knows what ; multi-
nomial [Alg.] ; outnumbering; innumer-
able, endless, etc. (infinite) 105.3.
6. adv. numerously, abundantly etc.
adj.; in abundance, acervathn [L.], en
joule [F.], galore [coll.], without stint,
with no sparing hand, no end [coll.,
U.S.], ever so, ever so much, plenty
[coll.] ; innumerably, incalculably etc.
105.4.
103. Fewness
(See 102. Numerousness)
i. n. fewness, sparseness etc. adj.,
sparsity, paucity, scarcity, exiguity, rar-
ity; infrequency etc. 137.
our form of government is called a democracy.
THUCYDIDES. Dejendit nmnerus [There is
safety in numbers] is the fnaxim of the foolish ;
deperdit numerus [there is ruin in numbers J of
the wise. C. COLTON. The nmltitoflic
seas, SSAttSFEAR,
103. It is the minority that have . * . achiewl
all that is noble in the history of th
103.2-104.8
2. ;/. a few, small number, only a few,
scrimption [dial]; handful; minority;
small quantity etc. 32.2.
3. adj. few, not many, hardly or scarce-
ly any, precious little [coll.], middling of
| dial], of small number; meager, scant,
scanty, sparse, scarce, scrimp, scrimpy
[coll.], skimp or skimpy [coll.], skimp-
ing [chiefly coll.], rare, exiguous; few
and far between, thinly scattered, thin,
slim ; to he counted on one's ringers, to
be counted on the lingers of one hand ;
scarce as hen's teeth [coll.], unrepeated;
infrequent etc. i ^7.2 ; inconsiderable etc.
32.8.
4. adj. fewer, smaller, les>, not so much
or many.
5. adv. sparsely etc. adj., scrimp, spar-
sim [I-.], here and there, in spots [coll.],
dribs-like [dial.] ; infrequently etc. 137.3.
104. Repetition
1. n. repetition, repeatal [rare], itera-
tion, reiteration, iterance [rare], reiter-
ance (rare], duplication, reduplication,
reproduction, recurrence, reappearance,
return : succession, run ; monotony, harp-
ing, monotone ; alliteration ; rijacimenlo
[It.] ; renewal etc. (revival) 660.2; pe-
riodicity, rhythm etc. 138.2-4; dingdong,
drumming etc. (repeated sounds) 407;
hattology. pleonasm etc. (.tautology)
573.2 : continuance etc. 143 ; frequency
etc, 136.
2. ;/. repetencL a repetition etc. above,
repeat, ditto |coll.] ; refrain, burden of a
song, undersong, chorus, ritornel or ritor-
nelle, |Mus.|, ritorndlo [It.], bob; bob
and wheel, bob wheel ; encore, curtain
call, curtain [Theat cant] ; recital, re-
hearsal, recapitulation, summing up, re-
enuntal, recounting, restatement, rehash
[chiefly coll.] ; echo, re-echo; reverbera-
tion, repercussion, reflection; chimes,
drum, hammer.
3. w. retold story, twice-told tale etc.
( trite saying } 496.3 ; Joe Miller etc. (old
joke) 842.6.
4. r. repeat, iterate, reiterate, repro-
J f B. GOUGII, Many are railed, but few ...
chosen. BIBLE.
104. Like warmed-up cabbage served at each
repast, / The repetition kills the wretch at last.
JCVBXAL. Iteration, like friction, is likely
to generate heat instead of progress. G. KUOT.
duce, echo, re-echo, duplicate, dupe
[slang], reduplicate, ditto [coll.]; re-
hearse, do or say over again, go over the
same ground, go the same round; begin
again, resume, return to ; recapitulate, re-
word, recount, retell, tell or say over,
come again [slang] ; cut and come again ;
ring the changes on; hash up [slang],
rehash [chiefly coll.] ; conjugate in all its
moods, tenses and inflections.
battologize, tautologize ; dwell on or
upon, insist upon, harp upon, harp on one
or the same string, never hear the last of,
sing the same old song or tune, mount or
ride a hobby [coll.] ; beat, din, drum,
hammer, pound ; din or drum in the ear ;
renew etc. (revive) 660.13.
5. v. recur, return, reappear, resume ;
revert, turn or go back.
6. adj. repeated, repetitional, repeti-
tionary, repetitive, repetitious ; iterated,
iterative, reiterated, reiterative, reiterate,
reiterant ; reduplicated, reduplicative, re-
duplicator}' [rare] ; recurrent, recurring;
re-echoed, re-echoing : ever-recurring,
thick-coming, incessant; retold, twice-
told; warmed-up or -over, rechauffe
[ F.] ; tautological etc. 5/3.8 ; habitual etc.
613.11; another etc. 15.9; aforesaid etc.
62.4 ; drumming etc. (sound) 407.11-14;
frequent etc. 136.13.
7. adj. monotonous, harping, hum-
drum, singsong, dingdong [coll.], jog-
trot ; mocking ; claiming ; worn, worn thin ;
tedious etc. 841.8; unvaried etc. (uni-
form) 16.5; constant etc. (continuous)
69.6; habitual etc. 613.
8. adv. repeatedly etc. adj., often,
again, anew, over again, afresh, once
more; ditto, encore, de novo [L.], da
capo [It.] , bis ; again and again, over and
over, over and over again, many times
over, time and again, time after time,
times without number, year after year,
day by day, day after day, "tomorrow and
tomorrow and tomorroAv" (Shake-
speare) ; many times, several times, a
number of times ; many a time, full many
a time : every now and then, every once
in a while [both coll.] ; frequently etc.
136.5.
Use not vain repetitions. BIBLE. Canttte-
nam tandem cams [You are singing the same
song ; you are giving us the same old stuff] .
TERENCE. Nullmn est jam dictum quod non
dictum sit firms [Nothing is said which has not
heen said before] .TERENCE.
57
1051 - 106.9
1 05. Infinity
1. h. infinity, infiniteness, boundless-
ness etc. adj. ; infinitude, inexhaustibility,
immeasurability, incalculability, illimita-
bility, interminability, incomprehensibil-
ity, immensity; eternity etc. (perpetuity)
112; greatness etc. 31.
2. v. be infinite etc. adj., have or know
no limit or bounds, have or know no end,
be without end, go on forever, go on and
on, never cease or end.
3. adj. infinite, illimitable, intermina-
ble, interminate, immeasurable, innumer-
able, incalculable, incomprehensible, un-
fathomable, unapproachable ; without
number or measure, without bound, with-
out limit or end, no end of or to ; number-
less, countless, sumless, measureless;
limitless, termless, endless, boundless ;
untold, unnumbered, unmeasured, un-
plumbed ; unbounded, unlimited, illim-
ited ; indefinite, indeterminate ; all-em-
bracing, all-covering, all-filling, all-in-
cluding, all-inclusive, all-comprehensive ;
fourth-dimensional ; exhaustless. inex-
haustible; immense; eternal etc. (per-
petual) 112.4.
4. adv. infinitely, innumerably, incal-
culably etc. adj., ad infinitum [L.] ; with-
out end etc. (perpetually) 112.5.
1 06. Time
(See 107. Timelessness)
1. n. time, duration, tenure, term, pe-
riod, stage, space, tide [arch.], spell, sea-
son; Time, Father Time, the enemy
[coll.], "Old Time, that greatest and
longest established spinner of all" (Dick-
ens), "Old Time, the clock-setter, that
bald sexton Time" (Shakespeare), ''that
old common arbitrator, Time" (ibid.),
"that old bald cheater, Time" (Jonson) ;
glass of time, ravages of time, whirligig
of time, noiseless foot of Time, scythe of
Time; Kronos or Cronus [Gr. Myth.] ;
Saturn [Rom. Myth.] ; course etc, 109.
2. v. continue, last, endure, dure
[arch.], perdure [rare], perennate, go
on, run, run on, extend, sustain, stay, re-
main, abide, stand, subsist, persist, carry
105. Hold infinity in the palm of your hand.
W. BLAKE. But how can finite grasp In-
finity? DRYDEN. As boundless as the sea.
SHAKESPEARE. A dark / Illimitable ocean,
without botmd. MILTON. Lost in expan-
on, hold out, stick [coll.] ; elapse etc.
109.3; prolong, linger on etc. 110.5-7;
tarry etc. 133.7.
3. v. pass time, spend or while away
time, employ or use time, fill or occupy
time, consume time, take or take up time,
put in time ; talk -against time ; tide over ;
week-end ; Sunday, Monday, Christmas
etc. | coll.] ; waste time etc 683.8; pro-
crastinate etc. 133.4-7.
4. adj. continuing etc. v. t on foot ; last-
ing, permanent etc. (durable) 110.9.
5. adj. timely etc. (opportune) 134.7.
6. adv. etc. when . . . , at which time,
at which moment or instant, on which oc-
casion, upon which, whereupon ; at what
time, on what occasion, whenever or
when ever [coll.] ; at the same time or
moment that, at the same time as, at that
time or instant, on that occasion, then ;
by the time that; anno Domini [L.],
A.D. ; ante Christum [L.], A.C., before
Christ, B.C.; anno urbis conditae [L.],
A.U.C ; anno rcgni [L.], A.R.
7. prep. etc. during, pending, during
the time or interval, during the while, in
the time or course of, in the middle of
[coll.], for the period of, over, through,
throughout, throughout the continuance
or course of, until the conclusion of, at a
stretch ; during pleasure, during good be-
havior, quandiu se bene gcsscrit [L.].
8. prep, until, till, to, up to, up to the
time of, as far as, down to, to the time
when.
9. conj. etc. while, whilst, whiles [arch,
and dial.], during the time that, as long
as, in the course of, at or during which
time, in the time of, in the consulship of
sion, void and infinite. BLACK MORE. Man
always sees the infinite shadowed forth in some-
thing finite. CARLYLE.
106. 7 em pus eda.v rcrum [Time the devourer
of things]. OVID. The tooth of time.
SHAKESPEARE. Time travels in divers paces
with divers persons. SHAKESPEARE. The
time which we have at our disposal every day
is elastic. PROUST. Time is a great legal-
izer, even in the field of morals. H. L. MENCK-
EX. Alas, time stays, we^ go. DOBSON.
Time, you old gipsy man, / Will you not stay,
/ Put up your caravan / Just for one day?
R. HODGSON. Time is a sandpile we run our
fingers in. SANDBURG. The Bird of Time
has but a little way to flutter and the Bird is
on the Wing. OMAR KHAYYAM FITZGERALD.
Volat Jwra per orbem [Time flies through the
world]. LUCRETIUS. Tempus fugit [Time
flies]. VERGIL, Time and tide stayeth for
106.9 ~109a.2
[joe.] ; at the same time that, whileas
[arch.], whereas.
10. phr. time runs, time runs or
marches on.
107. Timelessness
(See 106. Time)
1. n. timelessness, "neverness" (J.
Wilkins), absence or want of time, no
time, dies non [L.] ; a time that will never
come, kdendas Graecas [L.] 7 Greek cal-
ends, Tib's or St. Tib's Eve, blue moon
[slang] ; eternity etc. 112.
2. adj. timeless, without time, date-
less ; eternal etc. 112.4.
3. adv. never, ne'er [poetic], at no
time or period, on no occasion, never in
all one's born days [coll.], jamais de ma
vie [R], never in the world, never on
earth, nevermore, sine die [L.] ; on or at
the Greek calends, ad kalendas Graecas
[L.], on St. Tib's Eve, on the 30th of
February; not at all.
1 08. Period
(See 109. Course)
Definite Duration or Portion of Time,
i. n. period, point, term, space, stretch,
interval, stage, go [slang], span, spell,
ghurry [Ind.] ; moment, second, minute,
hour, day, week; month, moon, moon-
shine [rare] , lunation ; semester, quarter ;
year, twelvemonth; quinquennium, lus-
trum, luster; decade, decennium, decen-
nary; century; millennium; octave; no-
vena [L.] , novenary ; annus magnus [L.] ,
annus mirabilis [L.] ; season etc. I26a.
2. n. era, epoch, age, generation, cycle ;
aeon; Kalpa, Yuga, Manvantara; epact,
monthly or menstrual epact; induction,
cycle or era of indiction ; Stone Age,
Bronze Age, Iron Age; Middle Ages,
Dark Ages ; Mundane Era, Jewish Mun-
dane Era, Chinese Era of Yao, Abraham
Era, Nabonassar Era, Olympic Era, Ro-
man or Varro Era ; Christian Era, Com-
mon or Vulgar Era; Seleucidan Era,
Jalalaean or Jalalian Era ; Gay Nineties,
Golden Age, Jazz Age [all coll.] ; Mad
Decade [slang, U.S.] ; Prohibition Era
107. Quoth the raven, "Nevermore." POE.
108. The years like great black oxen tread the
world. YEATS. And not only a night, an
age. FROST. Every age, like every human
body, has its own distemper, EMERSON.
58
[U.S.]; Depression Era ; Polarian
Epoch, Hyperborean Epoch, Lemurian
Epoch, Atlantean Epoch, Aryan Epoch.
3. adj. epochal etc. (periodical) 138.
109. Course
(See 108. Period)
Indefinite Duration.-!, n. course,
course of time, progress of time, process
of time, succession of time, lapse of time,
flow of time, flux of time, stream of time,
sweep of time, tract of time, current of
time, tide of time, march of time, step of
time, flight of time; corridors of time,
halls of time; duration etc. 106.
2. n. (indefinite time) age, aeon,
Kalpa; aorist, aorist tense [Gram.] ; blue
moon [coll.] etc. 110.3.
3. v. elapse, lapse, flow, run, proceed,
advance, pass, roll or press on, flit, fly,
slip, slide, glide ; run its course, run out,
expire, go or pass by; be past etc. 122.6 ;
drag, wear on etc. 110.7; continue etc.
106.2.
4. adj. elapsing, passing etc. v. ; tran-
sient etc. in; progressive etc. 282.3.
5. adj. aoristic, aorist, indefinite, unde-
termined.
6. adv. in time, in due time, in due sea-
son, in due course, in the course or
process of time, in the fullness of time.
zoga. Interim
Intermediate Period/ i. n. interim,
intermediate or intervening time, time in-
tervening, interval, interlude, intermis-
sion, intermittence, recess, rest, pause,
interruption, break, pendency; respite,
spell, breathing, breathing spell; letup,
time out [both coll.] ; meantime, mean-
while, while, the while ; interregnum, in-
terreign [rare]; snap, cold snap; spare
time etc. (leisure) 685.
2. v. interlude, intervene, interval, in-
termit, occur or act as an interlude, come
or separate by an interval, form an in-
terval; let up [coll.]; take time out*
[coll.].
109. Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow /
Creeps in this petty pace from day to day.
SHAKESPEARE. Truditur dies die [One day
makes way for another], HORACE. Eheu!
fupaces labuntur ami [Alas, the fleeting years
glide by] . HORACE. Time rolls his cease-
less course* SCOTT*
59
3. adv. meanwhile, meantime, whiles
[dial, and Scot.], interim, in the mean-
while or meantime, in the interim, ad in-
terim [L.], in the intervening time, dur-
ing the interval, for the time being, for
a time or season; pendente lite [L. ;
Law] ; at the same time.
no. Durability
(See in. Transience)
Long Duration. i* n. durability, dur-
ableness, lastingness etc. adj. ; diuturnity
[rare], continuance, constancy, persist-
ence, endurance, permanence, standing;
survival, survivance ; length of time, dis-
tance of time, vista of time ; longevity etc.
(age) 128; perpetuity etc. 112; slowness
etc. 275.
2. 11. protraction of time, prolongation
or extension of time; delay etc. 133.2.
3. n. long time or while, age or ages
[coll.], aeon, century, eternity, years,
years on end, blue moon [coll.], coon's
age [coll, U.S.], dog's age [coll], don-
key's years [slang], month or week of
Sundays [coll.] , right smart spell [dial.] ;
coeternity, sempiternity etc. 112.
4. n. lifetime, life-while [rare], life,
generation, duration of life, life's dura-
tion, period of existence ; (all) one's born
days, (all) one's natural life [both coll.].
5. v. endure, last etc. (continue)
106.2 ; brave a thousand years.
6. v. protract, prolong, extend, length-
en, lengthen or draw out, spin out, eke
out, perendinate [rare] ; temporize,
tarry, delay etc. 133.4-7.
7. v. be protracted etc. adj.) crawl,
drag, drag or wear on, drag along, drag
its slow length along, drag a lengthening
chain, linger, linger on.
8. v. outlast, outlive, outwear ; survive,
live to light again.
9. adj. durable, endurable [rare], diu-
turnal [rare], lasting etc. v., lasty [coll.
and dial.], of long duration or standing,
long-standing, long-lasting, ' long-lived,
longeval [rare], longevous, perdurable,
perdurant [rare], macrobiotic, evergreen,
perennial^ sempervirent or sempervirid
[rare] ; lifelong, livelong ; abiding, per-
manent, chronic, fixed, immovable, stable,
110. The great use of a life is to spend it for
something that outlasts it. W. JAMES.
Mbnumentoum aefe peremius [A monument
more lasting than bronze]. HORACE.
109a.3- 111.4
firm, steadfast, constant, persistent; in-
transitive, intransient, intransmutable ;
everlasting, endless etc. (perpetual)
112.4; unchangeable etc. 150.7; continu-
ing etc, 106.4.
10. adj. protracted, prolonged, ex-
tended, lengthened, spun-out, dragged-
out, lingering, long-pending, long-con-
tinuing, long-continued, long-drawn,
long-drawn-out; long-winded; slow etc.
275.8.
11. adv. long, for or during a long
time, for ever so long, for many a long
day, for years on end, for an age [coll.],
for ages [coll.], for a coon's or dog's age
[coll.], for a month or week of Sundays
[coll.], for ever and a day; longo inter-
vallo [L.] ; all along, all the year round,
all the day long, the livelong day, as the
day is long; morning, noon and night;
hour after hour, day after day, month
after month, year after year ; day in day
out, month in month out, year in year
out; semper et ubique [L.], semper
eadem [L.] ; for good, for good and all,
for life, till death; permanently, con-
stantly etc. adj.; always etc. (perpetu-
ally) 112.5; long ago etc. 122.14, 15.
in. Transience
(See no. Durability)
Short Duration. i. n. transience,
transiency, tf ansientness [rare] etc. adj. ;
inipermanence or impermanency, preteri-
ence [rare], ephemerality, evanescence,
volatility, fugacity, caducity [rare] ; per-
ishability, mortality ; velocity etc. 274 ; in-
stantaneity etc. 113; changeableness etc.
149.
2. n. brevity, briefness, shortness etc.
adj.
3. n. short time, little while, brief time,
brief or limited space of time, small space,
span, spurt, bit or little bit [coll.], no
time, less than no time [coll.] ; two shakes,
brace of shakes, couple of shakes or
winks, shake of a lamb's tail [all slang] .
4. n. transient, transiency, ephemeron
(pi. ephemera), ephemeral; transient
guest or boarder, temporary lodger ; tran-
sient rates; ephemerid [Zool.], shad fly,
111. The fashion of this world paSseth
BIBLE. In the presence of eternity, the mo:u!l-
tains are as transient as the clouds. INGERSOLL.
It will last about as long as a snowball in hell.
SANDBURG, The stream of time glides
111.4-1125
May fly, gnat ; nine clays' wonder ; bubble,
smoke.
5. v. be transient etc. adj., flit, fly, fleet,
gallop, sink, melt, fade, evaporate, van-
ish, pass away ; pass away like a cloudy/-
summer cloud, fade like a shadow, vanish
like a dream, burst like a bubble, go up
in smoke.
6. adj. transient, transitory, transitive,
transeunt ; passing, fleeting, flying etc. v. ;
temporal, temporary; impermanent, pre-
terient [rare], evanescent, volatile, cadu-
cous | rare] , short-lived, diurnal, cursory ;
ephemeral, ephemerous [rare] ; decidu-
ous, deciduary: perishable, mortal, pre-
carious, shifty, slippery ; fugacious, fugi-
tive ; provisional, provisory; spasmodic
etc. (irregular) 139.2; inconstant etc.
149.6.
7. adj. brief, short, quick, brisk, fleet,
cometary, meteoric, volatile, summary ;
hasty, pressed for time etc. 684.5, 6 ; sud-
den, momentary etc. (instantaneous)
ii34,5-
8. adv. transiently, temporarily etc.
adj.; for the moment, pro tcmporc [L.],
for a time, awhile; in passing, en passant
[F.], in transit u [L.] ; on the point of
. . . , in articulo [L.].
9. adv. briefly, shortly etc. adj. ; in a
short time, at short notice, in no time, in
less than no time ; in quick order, in noth-
ing flat, before you can say "Jack Robin-
son" or "knife" [all coll.] ; in two shakes
fall slang] ; between cup and lip : instan-
taneously etc. 113.6; promptly, soon etc.
132.14, 15; to be brief etc. (concisely)
5724-
112. Perpetuity
(See 113. Instantaneity)
Endless Duration. i. n. perpetuity,
everlastingness etc. adj., *'evemess' J (J.
Wilkins), eternity, infinity, forever, aye,
endless time, sempitemity, perennial ity
[rare], perennity [obs.], perdurability,
smoothly on and is past before we know.
OVID Sic transit gloria mundi [Thus passes
the glory of the world]. Here today and
gone tomorrow. Non semper erit aestas [It
will not always be summer].
112. The clock indicates the moment but what
does eternity indicate? WHITMAN. Eter-
nity is written in the skies. YOUNG. Eter-
nity is not something that begins after you are
dead, it is going on all the time. C. P. GILMAX.
The stiller sea / That stretches everlastingly.
6U
continuity, continued or uninterrupted
existence, immortality ; athanasy, atha-
nasia ; perpetuation ; coeternity ; timeless-
ness etc. 107 ; durability etc. no.
2. v. be eternal etc. adj., have no end,
have no limits or bounds, last or endure
forever, go on forever, go on and on.
3. v. perpetuate, preserve from obliv-
ion, perennialize [rare], eternalize, eter-
nize, immortalize ; monumentalize.
4. adj. perpetual, eternal, eterne [po-
etic ], everlasting, ever-during, everliving,
ever-flowing, eviternal [rare], sempiter-
nal, sempiternotts [rare] ; dateless, infi-
nite ; endless, unending, never-ending,
without end, having no end, interminable,
boundless, limitless, illimitable ; continual,
constant, ceaseless, unceasing, incessant,
unremitting, unintermitting, uninterrupt-
ed, indesinent [obs.] ; unfading, never-
fading, evergreen, sempervirent or sem-
pervirid [rare], amaranthine, perennial;
deathless, immortal, undying, never-dy-
ing, imperishable, perdurable, perdurant :
coeternal; continuing etc. 143.4; perma-
nent etc. (durable) 110.9; timeless etc.
107.2.
5. adv. perpetually etc. adj., always,
ever, evermore [arch.], ever and anon,
aye. for aye, forever, forevermore, for-
ever and ever, forever and aye, forever
and amen [coll.], forever and a clay
(coll.], ora c scmprc [It.], for good, for
good and all, for keeps [coll.].
all along, at all times, for all time, in all
ages, throughout the ages, from age to
age; endlessly, without end, world with-
out end, time without end ; /;/ saecula
saeculoriun |L.] ; to the end of time, <k to
the last syllable of recorded time"
(Shakespeare), to the crack of doom,
till doomsday; till all is blue [coll.], till
hell freezes over [slang] ; for all one's
natural life, in all one's born days [both
coll.], till death, till death do us part;
permanently etc. no. 11; incessantly,
without ceasing etc. (constantly) 136.6;
infinitely etc. 105.4; invariably etc. 16.7;
generally etc. 78.15; habitually etc.
613.13.
W. W. GIBSON. Labitur et labetitr in omne
volubilis acvinn [Gliding on it flows and will
flow forever]. HORACE. But thou shalt
flourish in immortal youth. ADDISON. For
men may come and men may go but I go on
forever. TENNYSON Bsto pcrpctuum [Let
it be everlasting].
61
113,1-114.6
ii3- Instantaneity
(See H2. Perpetuity)
Imperceptible Duration. i. //. instan-
taneity, instantaneousness, immediate-
ness etc. adj. ; transience etc. 1 1 1 .
2. n. suddenness, abruptness etc. adj. ;
suddenty [chiefly Scot, and Law], sud-
den [rare], precipitance or precipitancy.
3. n. instant, moment, second, sec
[slang], half a second, minute, trice,
twinkling, twinkling or twinkle of an eye,
twinkling of a bedpost or bedstaff [coll. ;
now rare], twink, wink, bat of an eye
[coll.], flash, flash of lightning, breath,
crack, jiffy or half a jiffy [coll.], jiff
[coll.], coup [F.], burst, stroke of time,
tick, shake or half a shake [slang].
4. adj. instantaneous, instant, momen-
tary, immediate, quick as thought or
lightning, rapid as electricity; brief etc.
111.7; punctual etc. 132.9.
5. adj. sudden, abrupt, subitaneous
[rare] ; extempore, extemporaneous ;
speedy, swift etc. (fast) 274.13; precipi-
tate, headlong, impetuous etc. (hasty)
684.5 ; unexpected etc. 508.8.
6. adv. instantaneously, instantly, in-
stanter, instant [poetic], presto, immedi-
ately, sitbito [L. and It.] ; in no time, in
less than no time, in nothing flat [coll.],
in an instant, in a trice, in a jiff or jiffy
[coll.], in the twinkling of an eye, in the
twinkling of a bedpost or bedstaff [coll. ;
now rare], before you can say "Jack Rob-
inson" or "knife" [coll.], like a shot, like
a shot out of hell [slang], bang-off
[slang] ; on the instant, on the spot, on
the dot [coll.] ; at once, right away, with-
out the least delay, tout a I'heure [F.] ;
just then, just now; at the same instant,
in the same breath ; no sooner said than
done; briefly etc. 111.9.
7. adv. suddenly, abruptly etc. adj. ;
sudden, on a sudden, of or all of a sud-
den, all at once, in a bang [slang], at a
stroke, at one swoop, "at one fell swoop"
(Shakespeare), at one jump, per saltuni
[L.], mio saltu [L.], sitbito [L. and It] ;
pop, plump, plunk, plop, slap, smack [all
chiefly coll.] ; precipitately, slapdash etc.
(hastily) 684.7 J unexpectedly etc. 508.1 1.
113. He's sudden if a thing comes in his head.
SHAKESPEARE. The quick of all time is
the instant. D. H. LAWRENCE. Then a sol-
dier .../... sudden and quick in quarrel.
SHAKESPEARE.
114. Chronometry
(See 115. Anachronism)
Measurement and Record of Time. i.
n. chronometry, horometry, chronology,
horology, chronography, horography,
chronoscopy.
2. n. the time, time of day, hour, min-
ute ; very time, very minute or hour ; cor-
rect or right time, exact time; present
time etc. 118.
3. n. standard time, civil time, zone
time [Naut.] ; mean time, solar time,
sidereal time, apparent time, Greenwich
time; local time, Eastern time, Central
time, Mountain time, Pacific time [all
U.S. and Can.] ; Alaska standard time;
Provincial time [formerly] , Atlantic time
[both Can.] ; daylight-saving time, fast
time [coll.], summer time [chiefly Eng.].
4. n. date, given point of time ; month,
era, age etc. (period) 108.
5. n. (chronological record) chronol-
ogy, almanac, calendar, calends or kal-
ends, style, fasti [L., pi.], chronogram;
chronicle, register, registry, record, an-
nals, journal, diary; astronomical calen-
dar, ~ almanac or table, ephemeris [pi.] ;
Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac, Whit-
aker, Whitaker's Almanack, World Al-
manac, Poor Richard's Almanac; Julian
calendar, Roman calendar, Gregorian cal-
endar, Chinese calendar, Jewish calendar,
international fixed calendar, Cotsworth
calendar, Swiss plan ; perpetual calendar.
6. n. timepiece, timekeeper, timer;
horologe [Tech.], horologium; chronom-
eter, chronograph, chronoscopy; clock,
watch; ticker, souper [U.S. crim.], tur-
nip [all slang] ; alarm clock, repeater,
electric clock, pneumatic clock, program
clock, sidereal clock, turret clock, watch-
man's clock, pendulum clock, pendule,
grandfather clock, journeyman, stem-
winder [coll.], stop watch, split-second
watch, calendar watch, isochronon, met-
ronome ; gnomon, dial, sundial ; hour-
glass, sandglass, half-hour glass, half-
minute glass, three-minute glass, egg-
glass ; water clock, hydroscope [obs. exc.
Hist.], clepsydra, ghurry [Ind.] ; pocket
chronometer, box chronometer, marine
chronometer; time signal, chronopher,
time ball.
114. If history without chronology is dark and
confused, chronology without history is dry and
insipid. HOLMES.
114.7-117.4
7 n. chronographer, chronologist,
chronologer, chronicler; horologist, ho-
rologer; annalist.
8. v. time, fix or set the time, mark the
time; chronicle, chronologize, calendar;
arrange chronologically, make chronolog-
ical, make a calendar or chronological rec-
ord, reckon chronologically ; date, give or
fix the date ; be dated, date at or from,
bear date ; measure time, mark time, keep
time, beat time ; clock, stop-watch [both
coll.] ; ring in, ring out; punch in, punch
out [both slang].
9. adj. chronologic (al), chronomet-
ric (al) , chronoscopic, chronographic (al) ,
chronogrammatic(al) ; horologic(al),
horometric(al) ; datal [rare], temporal;
metronomic (al) ; isochronal etc. 138.10,
ii.
10. adv. etc. o'clock; half past, half
after [Eng.], half [Scot] ; half past the
corner, half past kissing time [both
slang] ; a quarter of or to ; a quarter past
or after.
115. Anachronism
(See 114. Chronometry)
False Estimation of Time. i. n.
anachronism, antichronism [obs.], mis-
date, parachronism; metachronism ; pro-
lepsis, prochronism, anticipation; disre-
gard ~, neglect or oblivion of time; in-
tempestivity etc. (untimeliness) 135.
2. v. misdate, mistime, anachronize
[rare] ; antedate, postdate, overdate, an-
ticipate ; take no note of time.
3. adj. anachronous, anachronistic;
misdated etc. v. } undated; overdue; out-
of-date or season ; behind time ; untimely
etc. 135.6.
1 1 6. Priority
(See 117. Posteriority)
1. n. priority, previousness etc. adj.;
antecedence or antecedency, anteriority,
precedence or precedency, precession,
pre-existence ; the past etc. (preterition)
122.
2. n. premise; antecedent, antecedent
happening or occurrence ; precursor etc.
64.
3. v. be prior etc. adj., precede, come
116. Prior temp ore prior jure [First in time,
first in law]. First come first served
62
or go before, precurse, be the precursor
etc. 64, forerun, forego [arch.], prevene
[rare] , antecede, pre-exist ; dawn ; herald,
usher in, proclaim, announce ; anticipate,
forestall etc. (be early) 132.5; presage
etc. (portend) 511.9.
4. adj. prior, earlier, previous, ci-
devant [F.], fore, precedent [rare] ; pre-
ceding etc. v., anterior, antecedent, pre-
existent; former, foregoing etc. (past)
122.8-13; precursory, afore-mentioned
etc. 62.4.
5. adv. previously etc. ad
past, prior to . . . , earlier, b
[obs. exc. dial.], beforetime,
hitherto, heretofore, theretofo
now, erewhile or erewhiles j
then or now, before then or now, or ever ;
already, yet; on the eve of ... ; ante
bellum [L.] ; ante Christum [L.], A.C.,
before Christ, B.C.; then etc. 119.2; for-
merly etc. 122.14.
6. adv. beforehand, aforehand [arch,
and dial.], in anticipation or advance.
117. Posteriority
(See 1 1 6. Priority)
1. n. posteriority, subsequence, subse-
quency, sequence, succession, following,
coming after, supervention ; continuance,
prolongation; remainder, reversion; fu-
turity etc. 121 ; sequel etc. 65.
2. v. be subsequent etc. adj.; follow,
come or go after, succeed, supervene ; en-
sue, attend, emanate [rare], result.
3. adj. subsequent, posterior, follow-
ing, after, later, succeeding, successive,
ensuing, consecutive, attendant, postlimi-
nary [rare] ; sequent, sequential [rare],
sequacious [rare] ; postdiluvial, post-
diluvian ; posthumous, after-death ; post-
prandial, after-dinner; future etc, 121,7.
4. adv. subsequently etc. adj., after,
afterwards, since, later, at a later or sub-
sequent period, after a while or time;
next, in the sequel, close upon , . . ,
thereafter, eftsoon or eftsoons [arch.],
from that time or moment; whereupon,
upon which, whereat, thereupon; here-
upon, hereon ; ex post facto [L,] ; in proc-
ess of time etc. (in future) 121,9, 10.
117. I have gone in for posthumous fame.
S. BUTLER, That which comes after ever
conforms to that which has gone before.
MARCUS AURELIUS.
63
1 1 8. Present Time
(See 119. Different Time, 121. Futurity,
122. Preterition)
1. n. present time, the present day or
time, the present hour or moment, the
present juncture or occasion, the present,
this day, this day and age, this hour, now,
today ; the times, the existing time, the
time being ; this epoch or age, the present
age.
2. adj. present, actual, instant, current,
nonce, latest, existing, that is.
3. adv. now, at present, "upon this
bank and shoal of time" (Shakespeare),
at this time, at this moment etc. 113.3, at
the present time etc. n. f today, at this
time of day, in these days, hereadays,
nowadays, nowanights; even now, but
now, just now ; on the present occasion,
for this occasion, pro hac vice [L.], for
the time being, for the nonce ; on the nail,
on the spot ; on the spur of the moment or
occasion, prompted by the occasion.
4. adv. until now, to this or the present
day, up to now or this time, by this time,
up to the present, now or then as previ-
ously, already, yet, still; formerly etc.
122.14.
119. Different Time
(See 118. Present Time)
Time Different from the Present. i.
n. different time, other time, another
time; indefinite time etc. 109.
2. adv. then, at that time, at that mo-
ment or instant, on that occasion, in that
case or instant ; again, at another or dif-
ferent time, at some other time ; once etc.
(formerly) 122.14; previously etc. 116.5.
3. adv. etc. whenever, whene'er [po-
etic], whensoever, whensoever [poetic],
at whatever time, at any time, anywhen
[chiefly dial.] , any old day or time [coll.] ,
no matter when.
4. adv. sometime, someday, some of
these days, one of these days, some fine
clay or morning, one fine day or morn-
ing, some sweet day [coll.], sometime or
other, sooner or later ; sometimes, at vari-
ous times, on divers occasions, now and
then, at times; in future etc. 121.9.
118. The present hour alone is man's. JOHN-
SON. One today is worth two tomorrows.
F, QUARLES. Unborn Tomorrow and dead
Yesterday. 1 OMAk KHAYYAM FITZGERALD,
Tomorrow never comes,
118.1-1213
120. Synchronism
1. n. synchronism, synchronization,
simultaneousness etc. adj., coincidence,
coincident existence, coexistence, coeval-
ity, contemporaneity, concurrence, con-
comitance or concomitancy, unity of time ;
isochronism.
2. n. contemporary, coeval, coetanian
[obs.].
3. v. synchronize, be synchronous etc.
adj.j concur, contemporize, coincide, co-
exist ; accompany, go hand in hand, keep
pace with, keep in step ; isochronize ; sync
or sink, be in sync or sink [all motion-
picture and television cant] .
4* adj. synchronous, synchronal, syn-
chronic(al), synchronistic (al) ; coinstan-
taneous, coetaneous [rare], simultane-
ous, concomitant, concurrent, collateral ;
coexistent, coexisting; coeval, coevous
[obs.] ; contemporary, contemporaneous ;
coterminous, conterminous ; coeternal ;
isochrone, isochronal, isochronous, iso-
chronic; in sync or sink [motion-picture
and television cant] ; in time, in step, in
tempo*
121. Futurity
(See 118. Present Time, 122. Preterition)
Prospective Time. i. n. futurity, fu-
ture state or time, futurition [rare] ; pros-
pect, anticipation etc. (expectation) 507,
(foresight) 510; posterity etc. 167; pos-
teriority etc. 117.
2. n. the future, futurity, hereafter,
aftertime, after years, time to come, womb
of time, coming or subsequent time, ^
age, /*-' days, ~ hours, ^ years or ages,
the morrow, tomorrow, manana [Sp.],
the yet [rare] ; by-and-by, the sweet by-
and-by [coll.], remote or distant future;
Day of Judgment, doomsday, crack of
doom, millennium, millenary, chiliad
[rare]; afterlife, afterlifetime [Ins.].
3. n. postexistence, future existence,
hereafter, future state, next world, after-
life, afterworld, life or world to come, life
120. It is lucky for the peace of great men that
the world seldom finds out contemporaneously
who its great men are.- LOWELL. Men re-
semble their contemporaries even more than
their progenitors. EMERSON. In the hu-
man breast / Two master passions cannot co-
exist T. CAMPBELL.
121. Quid sit futurum eras fuge quaerefe [Do
not seek to find out what the morrow will
bring], HORACE, If today will not, tomor*
1213-122.8
or world beyond the grave; heaven etc.
981.
4. n. approach of time, advent, time
drawing on, eventuality; approach etc.
286.
5. v. look forward, anticipate etc. (ex-
pect) 507.4-6, (foresee) 510.5; forestall
etc. (be early) 132.5.
6. v. approach, near, come, come on,
draw on or near, await, stare one in the
face; threaten etc. (impend) 152.2.
7. adj. future, hereafter ; eventual, ul-
terior ; to-be, to come ; coming, near, close
at hand etc. (imminent) 152.3; prospec-
tive, in prospect etc. (expected) 507.8;
after, later etc. (subsequent) 117.3. ^
8. adj. millennial, millenary; chiliadal,
chiliadic.
9. adv. in future, prospectively etc.
adj., hereafter, hereafterward [obs. exc.
dial], in after time, at a later or subse-
quent time, after a time or while, anon ;
in time, in the course or process of time,
in the fullness of time, in due time, all in
good time, eventually, ultimately, in the
long run, sometime or other, sooner or
later; tomorrow, inanana [Sp.], the day
after tomorrow, by and by, in the sweet
by-and-by [coll.] ; proximo [L.], prox.
[abbr.] ; paulo post juturwni [L.] ; one of
these days etc. (sometime) 119.4; after-
wards, thereafter etc. (subsequently)
117.4; soon etc. 132.15.
10. adv. henceforth, henceforwards,
thence, thenceforth, thereafter, from this
or that time, from this or that time for-
ward.
11. prep, about to, on the eve, ~ point,
<*-> brink or verge of, close upon.
122. Preterition
(See 118. Present Time, 121. Futurity)
Retrospective Time. r. n. preterition,
past time ; priority etc. 1 16 ; retrospection
etc. (memory) 505.
2. n. the past, heretofore [rare], times
or days past, time or days gone by, by-
gone times or days, former times, fore-
row may. FULLER. I will lend you the
wings of the future, for I have them. R. JEF-
FERS. I believe the future is only the past
again, entered through another gate. PINERO.
Coming events cast their shadow before them.
122. What's past is prologue. SHAKESPEARE.
The eternal landscape of the past. TENNYSON.
The tender grace of a day that is dead / Will
never come back to me. TENNYSON. Lend
64
time [rare] ; yesterday, yesteryear ; old or
olden times, old days, the olden time,
times or days of old or yore, yore, yore-
time, eld [obs. or poetic], good old times
or days, long ago, right smart spell ago
[dial.], langsyne or auld lang syne
[chiefly Scot.], wayback [dial, and coll.] ;
history.
3. n. antiquity, antiquary, antiqueness,
ancientness, ancient times ; time immemo-
rial, remote age or time, remote or distant
past, distance of time ; rust or cobwebs of
antiquity ; ancient history, medieval his-
tory; antiquities etc. 124.3.
4. n. antiquarianism ; archaeology ; fos-
silology, fossilogy, palaetiology ; paleon-
tology, paleography, paleology, palaeo-
typography, palaeosophy, paleoanthro-
pography, paleoanthropology, paleobio-
geography, paleobiology, paleobotany,
paleochorology, paleocosmology, paleo-
climatology, paleodendrology, paleoge-
ography, paleography, paleoherpetology,
paleohistology, paleohydrography, pale-
olatry, paleolimnology, paleolithy, pa-
leometeorology, paleopathology, paleo-
physiography, paleophysiology, paleo-
phytology, paleopotamology, paleopsy-
chology, paleozoology ; archaism, medi-
evalism, Pre-Raphaelitism.
5. n. antiquary, antiquarian, antiquist
[rare] ; virtuoso, dryasdust, laudator
temp or is acti [L.] ; paleologist, archaeol-
ogist, medievalist, Pre-Raphaelite etc.
above; the Rev. Dr. Dryasdust (Scott),
Jonathan Oldbuck (Scott), Herr Teu-
felsdrockh (Carlyle) ; Assyriologist,
Egyptologist etc.
6. v. be past, have expired etc. adj. ;
have run its course, have had its day,
pass, pass or go by, pass away, blow over ;
lapse etc. (elapse) 109.3.
7. v. retrospect, look back, cast the eyes
back; trace back, study the history of,
prove the existence or occurrence of, ex-
amine vestiges or remains of ; antiquari-
anize [coll.] ; exhume.
8. adj. past, gone, gone-by, bygone,
foregone [arch.], bypast, ago, agone
[arch.], over, passed, passed away,
elapsed, lapsed, preterlapsed [rare], ex-
me the stone strength of the past. R. JEFFERS.
I tell you the past is a bucket of ashes. SAND-
BURG. Time does not become sacred to us
until we have lived it BURROUGHS. Hoc
erat in more majorum [This was in the manner
of our ancestors].
65
pired, no more, run out, blown over, ex-
tinct, never to return, exploded, forgot-
ten, irrecoverable; obsolete etc. (old)
124.6-10.
9. adj. (grammar) past, preterit or
preterite, pluperfect, past perfect.
10. adj. former, fore, ci-devant [F.],
late, whilom [arch.], sometime, quondam,
erst^ [arch.] ; previous, antecedent etc.
(prior) 116.4; pristine, ancient, ances-
tral etc. (old) 124.6-9; older etc. 124.10.
11. adj. foregoing, afore-going, pre-
ceding, last, latter; recent, afore-men-
tioned etc. 62.4.
12. adj. retrospective, retrospect, ret-
roactive, looking back etc. v.
13. adj. antiquarian, archaeological,
paleological etc. .
14. adv. formerly, before, afore [obs.],
before or ere now, erenow, aforetime,
hitherto, heretofore ; erst, erstwhile, erst-
whiles, erewhile, whilom [all arch.] ; ago,
agone [arch.], apast [obs. exc. dial.], in
the past, back.
anciently, of old or yore, in days of
yore, "in yore agone" (W. Morris), in
the olden time etc. n., long ago, long since,
a long while or time ago, years or ages
ago, some time ago or since, right smart
ago [dial.], some time back, a way or
away back [dial, and coll.], in the mem-
ory of man, time out of mind ; once, once
upon a time, one day, one fine morning,
time was; no longer; previously etc.
T 16.5 ; already, yet etc. (until now) 1 18.4 ;
lately etc. 123.13; then etc. 119.2; first
etc. 66.9.
15. adv. since long ago, long since,
from away back [dial, and coll.], since
Heck or Hector was a pup [slang] , since
days of yore, since or from time imme-
morial, from time out of mind, since the
world was made, since the world was
young, since the days of Methuselah,
since Adam, since Adam was a boy, since
God knows when [slang].
123. Newness
(See 124. Oldness)
i. n. newness, recentness etc. adj., re-
cency; novelty, gloss of novelty; new-
fanglement, newfandanglement [slang] ;
neology etc. $63.7; immaturity etc.
123. Perpetual modernness is the measure of
merit in every work of art EMERSON.
Things are always at their best in the begin-
122.8-123.10
(youth) 127; renewal, renovation etc.
660.2 ; innovation etc. (change) 140 ;
nonimitation etc. 20; dissimilarity etc.
18.1.
2. n. a novelty, newfanglemeiit, new-
fangle [dial, and coll.], newfandangle-
ment [slang], newfandangle [slang],
newfangled device, contraption [coll.],
newfangled contraption [coll.], new
wheeze [slang], new or latest wrinkle
[slang], the last word [slang], the latest
thing, the latest scream [slang], dernier
cri [F.], spic-and-span novelty.
3. n. modernism, modernness, mod-
ernity ; modernization ; futurism, cubism
etc. (art) 556.6; the latest fashion etc.
852.
4. n. modernist, modernizer, modern,
moderner [rare] ; neoteric, neoterist, ne-
ologist ; modern generation ; futurist, cub-
ist etc. (artist) 559.1.
5. n. upstart, parvenu etc. 876.8.
6. v. renew, renovate etc. (restore)
660.8-14.
7. v. modernize, render modern etc.
adj., adapt to modern persons or things ;
adopt modern ways; futurize [chiefly
Art].
8. adj. new, recent, late, of yesterday,
neoteric ( al ).; fresh, fresh as a rose or
daisy, fresh as the morning's dew, fresh
as paint [coll.] ; green, vernal; raw, im-
mature; virgin, virginal; untried, un-
touched, unhandled, unhandseled, un-
heard-of, unfamiliar, untrodden, un-
beaten ; newborn, newfledged ; ever-new,
evergreen, sempervirent or sempervirid
[rare] ; renewed etc. (restored) 660.17;
unused etc. 678.7.
9. adj. brand-new, bran-new, new-
made, fire-new, span-new, spick-and-
span, spick-and-span new; brand spic-
and-span new, brand spank-fire new,
brand spanking, brand-spanking new,
brand splinterfire new, brand splinter
new, spanking, spanking new, spank-fire
new, splinterfire new, splinternew, split-
new [all coll., slang or dial.] ; just out
[coll.], hot off the fire, hot off [coll],
10. adj. novel, newfangled [contempt-
uous], newfangle [dial, and coll.] ; new-
fandangled, newfandangle, new-wrinkled
[all slang] ; unique etc. (uriusual) 83.10;
dissimilar etc. 18.4; unimitated etc. 20.3.
ning. PASCAL. jD* novella tutto par bello
[Everything new appears beautiful] . A new
broom sweeps clean.
123.11-125.1
66
11. adj. modern, of recent period, neo-
teric (al) ; new-fashioned, new-fashion
[dial.], up-to-date, up-to-datish, up-to-
the-minute, up-to-dick [slang], up
[coll.], on the boat [slang], abreast of
the times ; ultramodern, ultra-ultra ; mod-
ernistic, futuristic; modernized.
12. adv. newly etc. adj., anew, afresh.
13. adv. lately, recently, latterly, of
late, not long ago, a short time ago, the
other day, only yesterday ; just now, right
now [chiefly coll.] ; formerly etc. 122.14.
124. Oldness
(See 123. Newness)
1. n. oldness, age, eld [obs. exc. po-
etic] ; great or hoary age, antiquity, rust
or cobwebs of antiquity, ancientness etc.
adj.; old age etc. 128.2; senility etc,
499.5 > maturity etc. 131.
2. ;L antiquities, archaisms; ancient
relics, relics of the past, reliquiae, re-
mains, organic remains, fossils, petrifica-
tions ; Egyptian antiquities, Greek an-
tiquities, Roman antiquities, Indian an-
tiquities ; Megatheriidae, Theropoda,
Saurischia, Sauropoda, Ornithopoda,
Ornithischia, Triceratops, Stegosauria,
Ceratopsia, Ceratopsidae ; prehistoric
animal, Megatherium, Megalosaurus,
Ceratosaurus, Compsognathus, theropod,
sauropod, ornithopod, Dinotherium, din-
osaur, mastodon, mammoth, wooly or
northern mammoth, saber-toothed tiger
or cat ; eolith, paleolith, neolith ; aborig-
ine, aboriginal, aboriginary; fossil man,
Piltdown man; petrified forest; Baby-
lonian, Assyrian, Sanskrit; antiquarian-
ism etc. 1224.
3. n. tradition, custom, common law,
immemorial usage, Sunna [Moham.] ;
folklore.
4. v. be old etc. adj., have had or seen
its day, have seen its best days, have seen
better days [coll.],
5. v. render or become old etc. adj.,
olden [rare], age; obsolesce, become ob-
solete or extinct ; antiquate ; grow old etc.
128,8; fade, decline etc. (deteriorate)
659-6.
124. Age, like distance, lends a double charm.
HOLMES. Vetera extollimus recentium
[Neglectful of recent events we praise what is
old] TACITUS. There is no new thing un-
der the sun, BIBLE. Nullum est jam dictum
quod non dictum est prius [Nothing is said
which has not been said before]. TERENCE.
6. adj. old, auld [dial and Scot.], An-
cient, antique, of yore, of long standing,
time-honored, venerable, hoary, vetust
[obs.] ; olden [chiefly poetic], eldern
[arch.]; secondhand; aged etc, (age)
128.9; senile etc. 499.16.
7. adj. primitive, prime, primeval;
primigenial, primogenial; primigenious,
primigenous ; primordial, primordiate
[rare] ; pristine, aboriginal ; archaic, ar-
chaical [rare] ; diluvian, diluvial ; ante-
diluvian, antediluvial ; Noachian, Noa-
chic(al), arky [slang] ; prehistoric, pro-
tohistoric, preadamite, antepatriarchal ;
dateless; fossil, fossilized; paleocrystic,
Paleozoic, preglacial, antemundane ; Ve-
die, classic(al), Pre-Raphaelite, medie-
val ; patriarchal, ancestral ; beginning etc,
66.7.
8. adj. traditional, traditive, tradition-
ary [rare] ; prescriptive, customary, un-
written ; inveterate, rooted ; immemorial,
whereof the memory of man runneth not
to the contrary.
9. adj. antiquated, superannuated, an-
tique, archaic, archaical [rare], of other
times, old-world, afterage; old as the
hills, old as Methuselah or Adam, old as
history; out-of-date, out of season, out of
fashion, old-fashioned, old-fashion [obs,
exc. dial], old-fashionable [obs,], un-
fashionable, oldfangled, old-timy [coll.],
behind the age or times, of the old school,
back-number [coll,], black-letter, has-
been [coll.], tintype [slang] ; stale, fusty,
moldy, mildewed, rusty, timeworn, moss-
grown, moth-eaten, gone to seed, crum-
bling, moldering ; obsolete, extinct, passe
[F.], gone out, gone-by, dead, disused,
past, run out, outworn.
10. adv. older, elder; oldest, eldest, el-
dermost [dial] ; former etc. 122.10, 11,
125. Morning, Noon
(See 126. Evening, Night)
i. n. morning, morn, morningtide
[rare or poetic], morning time, morn-
time, matins [Eccl], forenoon, foreday;
ante meridiem [L.], a.m., A.M., Ack
Emma [slang, Eng.] ; "dewy morn"
(Byron) , "incense-breathing morn"
(Gray), "genial morn" (T. Campbell),
125. Flames in the forehead of the morning
sky. MILTON. Morning roses newly washed
with dew. SHAKESPEARE. For what hu-
man ill does not dawn seem to be an allevia-
67
"grey-eyed morn" (Shakespeare), "rosy-
finger'd morn" (Homer), "rich unfold-
ing morn" (Keble), "the opening eye-
lids of the morn" (Milton) ; Morning,
Aurora, Eos; dawn, the dawn of day,
daybreak, dayspring, daylight, dawn-
light, clay-peep, cockcrow, cocklight, cock-
crowing, sunrise, sunup [chiefly dial,
Eng.; coll., U.S.] ; brightening or first
brightening [dial.], break or peep of day,
break or crack of dawn, prime, prime of
the morning, first blush or flush of the
morning; aurora, foredawn, the small
hours, the wee sma' hours [Scot.], the
wee and small [slang].
this morning, this A.M. [coll.] ; the
morning after, the morning after the
night before [both slang] ; twilight, cre-
ptiscle etc. 126.1 ; beginning etc. 66.
2. n. noon, noonday, noontide, noon-
ing, noontime, midday, meridian, meri-
diem [L.].
3. adj. morning, matin, matinal, matu-
tinal, matutinary [rare], antemeridian;
twilight, crepuscular etc. 126.5.
4. adj. noon, noonday, midday, merid-
ian, meridional [obs.],
5. adv. in the morning etc. n., morn-
ings [chiefly dial.] ; at sunrise, at the
crack of dawn etc. n., with the lark, when
the morning dawns.
126. Evening, Night
(See 125. Morning, Noon)
i. n. evening, eve [poetic], even [po-
etic], eventide [arch, and poetic], decline
or fall of day, close of day, shut of day
[dial, and coll.], nightfall, sunset, sun-
setting [arch.], sundown, stm-go-down
[chiefly dial.], going down of the sun,
cockshut [obs. exc. dial*], shank of the
afternoon or evening [coll.] ; vespers,
evensong [Eccl. or arch.] ; dusk, dusk-
ingtide, dusk-down [dial.], dimpsy [dial.,
Eng.], twilight, twinight [slang], owl-
light or owl's light, crepuscle or crepus-
tipn? T. WILDER. Out of the shadows of
night / The world rolls into light ; / It is day-
break everywhere,- LONGFELLOW. Faster
and more fast* / O'er night's brim, day boils at
last. BROWNING.
126. There sinks the nebulous star we call the
sun. TENNYSON. The nightly mercy of the
eventide. MASEFIELD. Through the pale
dusk of the impending night LONGFELLOW.
The evening is spread out against the sky. -T.
125.1 - 126a.l
cule, gloam [poetic], gloaming, glooming
[poetic], darkening [Scot, and North.
Eng.; dial. U.S.], candlelight, candle-
lighting, torchlight [rare] ; eleventh hour,
curfew, bedtime ; close etc. 67.3.
2. n. afternoon, after [coll.], aft
[slang], evening [local Eng. and South
U.S.] ; post meridiem [L.], p.m., P.M.,
pip emma [slang, Eng.] ; this afternoon,
this after [coll.], this aft [slang], this
P.M. [coll.].
3. n. night, nighttime, nighttide, darky
[slang], darkmam [crim. slang, Eng,],
"sable-vested Night" (Milton), "sable
night" (Shakespeare), "dark-eyed night"
(Shakespeare), "cowled night" (F.
Thompson), "dusky night" (Milton),
"empress of silence, and the queen of
sleep" (Marlowe) ; darkness of night etc.
421.
4. n. midnight, hush or dead of night,
dead, witching hour or time of the night,
"the very witching time of night" ( Shake-
speare), killing time, "noonday night"
(Longfellow), "outpost of advancing
day" (Longfellow).
5. adj. evening, vesper, vespertine;
twilight, twilighty ; dusk, dusky ; crepus-
cular, crepusculous [rare], crepusculine
[rare] ; sunsetty.
6. adj. nocturnal, night, nightly, night-
time, night-fallen; noctivagant, noctiva-
gous; night-clad etc. (dark) 421.7.
7. adj. benighted, benighten [rare],
night-overtaken.
8. adv. nightly, nights [dial. exc.
U.S.], at or by night, through the night,
i26a* Season
i. n. season, period, period or division
of the year, recurrent or annual period ;
dry / ', rainy or cold season, dead or off
season, strawberry season, theatrical sea-
son; social season, the season [Eng.] ; big
Black night broods Over the deep
Watchman, what of the night?
S. ELIOT.
VERGIL.
BIBLE.
126a. Sweet Spring, full of sweet days and
roses. G. HERBERT. Spring is a true recon-
structionist. H TIMROD. When the hounds
of spring are on winter's traces. Swmstn&NE.
Steep thyself in a bowl of summertime. VER-
GIL. Come, summer, come, the sweet season
and sun ! JAMES I OF SCOTLAND. Sumer is
icumen in, / Lhude sing cucctt! UNKNOWN.
Summer's lease hath all too short a date*.
SHAKESPEARE, I know I am but summer to
126aJ - 128.5
68
season, little season [both U.S.] ; Aries,
Cancer, Libra, Capricornus; seasonally.
2. n. spring, spring season, springtide,
springtime, seedtime, grass ; vernal equi-
nox.
3. 72. summer, summer season, sum-
mertide, summertime, good old summer
time; midsummer; canicular days, dog
days.
4. n. autumn, fall [U.S.; arch, and
dial., Eng.], fall of the year, fall of the
leaf, harvest, harvest time ; autumnal
equinox; Indian summer, St. Martin's
summer, St. Luke's summer, little sum-
mer of St. Luke, St. Austin's summer,
St. Augustine's summer, Allhallow sum-
mer [obs.].
5. n. winter, winter season, winterticle,
wintertime, hiems [L.].
6. adj. seasonal, in or out of season, in
season and out of season; summery, au-
tumnal; wintry, wintery; brumous, bru-
mal.
127. Youth
(See 128. Age, 131. Adulthood)
1. n. youth, juvenility, juvenescence
[rare] ; youthhood, youthhead [chiefly
Scot.] ; youthfulness, youthiness [Scot.],
youngness etc. adj.; juniority, immatu-
rity, minority, nonage, tender age; teen
age, teens ; prime of life, flower of life,
spring-tide of life, seedtime of life, golden
season of life, heyday of youth, "child-
hood's careless days" (Bryant) , "the glad
season of life" (Carlyle), age of growing
pains [coll.] , calf days [coll.] , goslings or
gosling patch [slang], awkward age.
childhood, childage [obs.], childish-
ness; boyhood, boyage [obs.], boyery
[obs.], boyishness; girlhood, girlage
[obs.], girlery [obs.], girlishness, flap-
perhood [coll.] ; a youth etc. (youngling)
129; newness etc. 123.
2. n. adolescence, pubescence, puberty.
your heart, / And not the full four seasons of the
year.MiLLAY. The teeming autumn, big
with rich increase. SHAKESPEARE. Cold au-
tumn, wan with wrath of wind and rain.
SWINBURNE. There is something in the au-
tumn that is native to my blood. B. CARMAN.
Barren winter, with its wrathful nipping cold.
SHAKESPEARE, Winter lingering chills the
lap of May. GOLDSMITH. If Winter comes,
can Spring be far behind ? SHELLEY.
127. Youth is wholly experimental. STEVEN-
SOX. He wears the rose of youth upon him.
SHAKESPEARE. But I was one and twenty, /
No use to talk to me. HOUSMAN. My salad
3. n. infancy, babyhood, incunabula,
the cradle, the nursery.
4. V. make youthful, youthen, youth-
ify; juvenilify, juvenilize [rare] ; rejuve-
nate, rejuvenesce, reinvigorate.
5. adj. youthful, youthy [chiefly Scot.] ,
youthsome [obs. exc. dial.], youthlike;
young, youngling ; juvenile, juvenescent ;
immature, raw, green, sappy, unripe, cal-
low, unfledged, newfledged, budding, ten-
der, underage; teen-age, in one's teens,
sweet sixteen [slang] ; puerile, childlike,
childly [rare], childish, kiddish [coll.];
boyish, boylike, beardless ; girlish, girl-
like, maidenly, flapperish [coll.], frying-
size [slang].
6. adj. adolescent, pubescent, hebetic.
7. adj. infant, infantine, infantile ;
babyish, baby; dollish, doll-like; kitten-
ish, kittenlike; newborn; in the cradle,
in swaddling clothes, in long clothes, in
arms, in leading strings, at the breast.
8. adj. junior, Jr. or jr. ; ' younger,
puisne [Law].
128. Age
(See 127. Youth; also 131. Adulthood)
1. n. age, oldness, elderliness etc. adj.,
eld [arch.], years, "slow-consuming age' 7
(Gray), longevity; time of life; maturity
etc. 131.
2. n. old age, senescence, senectitucle,
senectude ; advanced age or years, hoary
age, ripe age, ripe old age, superannua-
tion, vale of years, declining years, decline
of life, the shady side [coll.] ; gray hairs,
"the sear and yellow leaf" ( Shakespeare ) ,
"the silver livery of advised age" (Shake-
speare), "a crown of glory" (Bible);
autumn, winter; three score years and
ten ; infirm old age, infirmity of age, in-
firmity, decrepitude ; senility etc. 499.5
oldness etc. 124.
3. n. climacteric, grand climacteric,
change of life, menopause.
4. n. seniority, eldership, deanship,
primogeniture ; senior etc. (elder) 130.
5. n. (science of old age) nostology,
gerontology, gerocomy,
days / When I was green in judgement
SHAKESPEARE. My youth may wear and
waste, but it shall never rust in my possession.
CONGREVE. Our most important are our
earliest years. COWPER.
128. Life is most delightful when it is on the
downward slope. SENECA. Grow old along
with me ! / The best is yet to be, BROWNING.
69
128.6-129.5
6. v. be old etc. adj., have had or seen
one's day, have seen one's best days or
have seen better days [coll.] ; show one's
age, look around the clock [coll.].
7. v. age, grow old etc. adj., olden
| rare], senesce [rare], live to a ripe old
age, make old bones [coll.] ; wither, wrin-
kle ; decline, wane, fade etc. (deteriorate)
659.6.
8. adj. aged, old, elderly, eldern
[arch.], grown old, in years, along in
years, years old, advanced in life or years,
past one's prime, on the shady side
[coll.], no chicken [coll.]; superannu-
ated, senectuous, antiquated, ancient, old
as Methuselah or as the hills ; patriarchal ;
gray, gray-headed, gray with age, hoar,
hoary ; wrinkled, marked with the crow's
foot, with crow's feet ; ripe, mellow, run
to seed, senescent, like the last of pea
time; declining, waning, fading, doting,
time worn, moth-eaten [joe.], moss-
backed [slang], rusty, effete, decrepit,
stricken in years, with one foot in the
grave, fossilized [joe.]; gerontic, ge-
rontal; doddering, doddery; senile etc.
499-16. ^
g. adj. senior, Sr., elder, older ; eldest,
eldermost [dial.], oldest; first-born; pri-
mogenitary, primogenous.
129. Youngling
(See 130. Elder)
i. n. youngling, youngster [chiefly
coll.], younker [coll.], young person,
youth, juvenile, minor, immature person,
stripling, slip, sprig, sapling, chicken
Give me a staff of honor for my age. SHAKE-
SPEARE. Age is like love; it cannot be hid.
DEKKER. Old age is an incurable disease.
SENECA. No man is so old as to think he
cannot live one more year. CICERO. Every-
man desires to live long ; but no man would be
old. SWIFT. No wise man ever wished to
be younger. SWIFT. To know how to grow
old is the master-work of wisdom. AMIEL.
Pen de gens savent etre vieux [Few people
know how to be old]. LA ROCHEFOUCAULD.
Only on the edge of the grave can man con-
clude anything. H. ADAMS. Old age and
the wear of time teach many things. SOPHO-
CLES. The older I grow the more I distrust
the familiar doctrine that age brings wisdom.
H. L. MENCKEN. It's no use growing older
if you only learn new ways of misbehaving
yourself. SAKI. A man is as old as he feels,
and a woman as old as she looks.
129. Girls have curious minds and fain would
know the end of everything. E. B. BROWNING.
[chiefly coll.], fry or young fry [coll.],
fledgling, callow [obs.], codling or cod-
Hn [obs.] ; whippersnapper or young
whippersnapper [chiefly coll.], whipster
[rare], whiffet [coll., U.S.], brat, brat-
ling, imp, little monkey, minx ; pubescent ;
hopeful, young hopeful; scion, offspring
etc. (descendant) 167.4.
2. n. young people, rising generation,
younger generation, young fry [coll.],
modern crop [coll.] ; children, childkind ;
infantry [obs. exc. joe.].
3. n. child, little one, urchin, bairn
[Scot.], tot, little tot, tad or little tad
[U.S.], mite, chit [coll.], scrap, scrap of
a child, shaver or little shaver [coll. and
dial.], little squirt [slang], kid [slang],
punk [slang], punk kid [slang], butcha
[Ind.], imp [derog.], brat [contemptu-
ous], bratling elf, bantling, pickaninny
[usu. joe.], chick, chickabiddy, pullet,
duckling, kitten, lamb, lambkin, darling,
moppet [arch.], cherub, bud, innocent,
little innocent; unspanked child, curled
darling [both coll.].
4. n. boy, lad, laddie, youth, miichacho
[Sp.], callant or callan [Scot, and North.
Eng.], hobbledehoy, master, sonny,
sonny boy; cub, whelp, colt, pup, puppy
[all usu. contemptuous] ; bub, bubby,
bubby boy [all slang] ; schoolboy, cadet ;
male etc. 373.
5. n. girl, girly [coll.], lass, lassie,
wench [dial, and slang], miss, missy, lit-
tle missy, damsel, damoiselle, damosel
[arch.], demoiselle, maid, maiden, mu-
chacha [Sp.] ; colleen, girleen [both
Anglo-Ir.] ; chicken, flapper, babe, baby,
broad [U.S.], curve [U.S.], twist [crim.,
U.S.] , cutie, dame, doll, filly, fluff [U.S.] ,
frail [U.S.], gal, heifer, pussy [all
slang] ; baggage, bag [slang], hussy, tart
April's amazing meaning doubtless lies / In
tall hoarse boys and slips / Of slender girls.
G. DILLON. For many a rose-lipt maiden /
And many a lightfoot lad. HOUSMAN. The
rosebud garden of girls. TENNYSON. Suf-
fer the little children to come unto me, and
forbid them not, for such is the kingdom of
God. BIBLE. A boy's will is the wind's
will, / And the thoughts of youth are long, long
thoughts. LONGFELLOW. First the infant /
Mewling and puking in the nurse's arms. / And
then the whining school-boy, with his satchel /
And shining morning face. SHAKESPEARE.
Blessings on thee, little man, / Barefoot boy
with cheek of tan. WHITTIER. Boys are na-
ture's raw material. SAKI. Golden lads and
girls all must / As chimneysweepers, come to
1295-13L6
[slang] ; hoyden, tomboy, romp; virgin,
herring [crim, slang, U,S,] ; schoolgirl,
schoolmaid, schoolmiss ; female etc, 374.
6. n. infant, baby, babe, weanie [ Scot. ] ,
papoose, bambino [It], baby bunting,
babykins [coll.], bouncing baby; nurs-
ling, suckling, bottle-boy [dial] ; wean-
ling, yearling, year-old; toddler, toddle-
kins [slang] ; vagitus [Med.].
7. n> (animals) younglet, youth [both
rare] ; birdling, nestling, fledgling ; chick,
chicky, chickling, pullet, fryer or frier;
duckling ; pup, puppy, whelp ; cub ; calf,
weaner [West. U.S.] ; colt, foal ; kitten,
kit, kitling [dial], catling; lamb, lamb-
kin, kid; tadpole, polliwog, pollywiggle
[obs. exc. dial.], pollyfrog [dial, and
slang].
8. n. larva, chrysalis, aurelia, cocoon,
pupa ; nymph, nympha ; caterpillar, mag-
got, grub ; worm etc. 366.25.
130. Elder
(See 129. Youngling)
1. n, elder, oldster [coll.], old person,
old man, old chap, old gentleman, old
gent [coll. or vulgar], old codger [coll.],
geezer or old geezer [slang], old duffer
[coll.], old dog [coll.] , graybeard, grisard
[rare], gaffer [coll. or contemptuous],
patriarch, reverend sir ; preadatnite, ante*
diluvian, Father Time, Methuselah, Nes-
tor, Old Parr; sexagenarian, octogenar-
ian, nonagenarian, centenarian; dotard
etc. 501.3; grandfather, forefather etc,
(ancestry) 166 ; veteran etc. 700.3,
2. n. antiquated person, antique [joc.J,
fogy, old fogy, fogram or fogrum [coll.],
dodo or old dodo [coll], fossil [chiefly
coll.], long-hair [slang],
3. n. old woman, old lady, granny, old
granny, grandam or grandame [arch.],
dame, gammer [dial, Eng.J, trot or old
trot [arch, and dial.], no chicken [coll.] ;
old dame, old hen, old heifer, old girl
dust SUAKESPEARE. The flower of our
young manhood. SOPHOCLES. When I was
a child, I spake as a, child, I understood as a
child, I thought as a child ; but when I became
a man, I put away childish things, BIBLE.
Young men have a passion for regarding their
elders as senile. H. ADAMS.
130. Venerable men! you have come down to
us from a former generation. D. WEBSTOI.
Young men think old men are fools ; but old
men know young men are fools. G, CHAPMAN.
The man of wisdom is the man of years,
70
[all slang] ; old battle-axe [slang], war
horse [coll.], crone, hag, beldam or bel-
dame, frump [coll,], old wife; grand-
mother etc. 166,9.
4, n. (classical elderly couples) Darby
and Joan, Baucis and Philemon [Gr. and
Rom. Myth.],
5. n. senior, elder, dean, doyen [F.],
father ; firstling, first-born.
131. Adulthood
(See 127, Youth; also 128, Age)
1. n. adulthood, adultness etc. adj.,
adultism; maturity, majority, full age,
full bloom, flower of age, ripe age, age or t
years of discretion; manhood, manhead
[arch.] , manlihood ; womanhood, woman-
head [arch.], womanlihood ; matures-
cence; oldness etc. 124.
2. n. middle age, mezzo canimin [It.] 7
meridian of life, dangerous age [joe.].
3. n. adult, grownup [coll.], no chicken
[coll.] ; man etc. 373.2 ; woman etc. 374.2.
4. z>. become adult etc. adj., mature,
attain majority, come of age, come to or
into man's estate, put on long trousers,
assume the toga wills [L,], come to or
into years of discretion, have cut one's
eyeteeth [coll.], have sown one's wild
oats.
5. adj. adult, mature, of age, out of
one's teens, of full or ripe age, grown-up,
full-grown, full-blown, in full bloom, ripe,
mellow ; marriageable, marriable, nubile ;
approaching maturity, maturescent ;
manly etc, (male) 3734, (virile) 159^5;
womanly etc. (female) 374.11, (effemi-
nate) i6oa.5.
6. adj. middle-aged, entre deux ages
[F.], in one's prime,
YOUNG, The young man who has not wept
is a savage, and the old man who will not laugh
is a fool SANTAYANA. Nobody loves life
like an old man. SOPHOCLES. Few envy the
consideration enjoyed by the oldest inhabitant.
EMERSON, Superfluous lags the veteran on
the stage. JOHNSON. The child's toys and
the old man's reasons / Are the fruits of the
two seasons, W, BLAKE. Bis pueri senes
[Old men are twice children].
131, Yet ah, that Spring should vanish with
the Rose ! / That Youth's sweet-scented manu-
script should close! OMAR KEAYYAM FITZ-
GERALD. A fool at forty is a fool indeed.
YOUNG. Only the middle-aged have all their
five senses in the keeping of their wits. H. AL-
LEN.
71
132.1-133.2
132. Earliness
(See 133. Lateness)
1. n. earliness etc. adj. ; morning etc.
125.1.
2. n. prematurity, immaturity [arch.],
prematureness etc. adj., precocity, precip-
itation, anticipation, prevenience, hasti-
ness, precipitation; a stitch in time; un-
timeliness etc. 135.
3. n. punctuality, promptness etc. adj.,
promptitude, readiness ; expedition, alac-
rity etc. (quickness) 682.2; haste etc.
684.
4. n. (one who is early) early [coll.,
U.S.], early bird, early riser.
5. v. be early etc. adj., be ... before-
hand etc. adv., take time by the forelock ;
anticipate, foresee, foreglimpse, foretaste,
forerun; forestall, obviate; have or gain
the start, get a head start, steal a march
upon ; gain time, draw on futurity or on
the future ; bespeak, secure, engage, pre-
engage.
6. v. be punctual etc. adj., be on time
etc. adv., keep time.
7. adj. early, bright and early [coll.],
prime, in good season; timely etc. 134.7,
10.
8. adj. premature, immature [arch.],
precipitate, precocious, prevenient, antici-
patory, forward, advanced, rathe [obs.
or poetic] ; previous, a bit or trifle previ-
ous [all coll.] ; untimely etc. 135.6; un-
expected etc. 508.8.
9. adj. punctual, Johnny on the spot
[slang]; prompt, summary, immediate;
ready, expeditious etc. (quick) 682.17;
instantaneous etc. 113.4; near-at-hand,
impending etc. (imminent) 152.3,
10. adj. earlier, previous etc. (prior)
116.4.
11. adv. early, betimes, rathe or rath
[dial, and poetic], in time, in military
time, in pudding time [chiefly dial.], in
due time.
12. adv. beforehand, prematurely etc.
adj., too soon, before its or one's time ; in
anticipation; precipitately etc. (hastily)
684.7; unexpectedly etc. 508.11.
132. Misers get up early in the morning; and
burglars ... get up the night before. CHES-
TERTON. For precocity some great price is
always demanded sooner or later in life. M.
FULLER. Early to bed and early to rise,
makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. The
early bird catches the worm. First come,
first served. No sooner said than done.
13. adv. punctually etc. adj., in a punc-
tual manner, precisely; on time, on the
minute or instant, on or to the tick [coll.] ;
on the dot, on the nose, right on the nail
[all slang] .
14. adv. promptly, prompt [coll.],
without delay, without further delay, im-
mediately, immediately if not sooner
[joe.], at once, right away, instantly, in-
stanter, on the instant, on the spot,
straight, straightway, straightf orth, forth-
with, forthright, pronto [coll., U.S.], big
and pronto [slang, U.S.], incontinently,
summarily, quickly, speedily, apace, in no
time, in less than no time, before you can
say "J a( & Robinson" or "knife/' before
the ink is dry ; at short notice, extempore,
on the spur of the moment or occasion,
at or on sight, d vue d'ceil [F.], offhand,
out of hand; hastily etc. 684.7.
15. adv. soon, betimes, almost immedi-
ately, presently, directly, bientot [F.],
briefly, shortly, in a short time or while,
right short [dial.], in no long time, ere
or before long, in a while, after a while,
by and by, anon, at the first opportunity,
in due time, eftsoon or eftsoons [arch.] ;
speedily, forthwith etc. above 132.14; in
future etc. 121.9.
133. Lateness
(See 132. Earliness)
1. n. lateness, tardiness etc. adj.
2. n. delay, delayment [obs.], delation
[arch.] ; tarriance, waiting, moration
[rare] ; retardation, retardance ; prolon-
gation, prorogation, protraction; post-
ponement, deferment, deferral, put-off
[chiefly coll.] ; adjournment, ad journal;
dilatoriness, procrastination, Micawber-
ism, cunctation [rare], Fabian policy; a
play for time, stall [slang], standoff
[chiefly coll.], hold-off [coll.] ; stop, stay,
suspension, holdup [coll.].
pause, respite, truce, reprieve, re-
prieval [rare], moratorium; demurrage,
demur, demurral [all rare] ; leeway
[coll.] ; high time; red tape, red-tapery,
red-tapism, pink ribbons [slang] ; "cir-
133. Procrastination is the thief of time.
YOUNG. My lord delayeth his coming.
BIBLE. Seven years, my lord, have now
passed since I waited in your outward rooms.
JOHNSON. Nontim prematur in annum [Let
it be kept until the ninth year]. HORACE.
Dum Roma deliberat Saguntum pent [Even
while Rome is deliberating Saguntum is per-
133.2-134.6
72
cumlocution office or court" (Dickens),
chancery suit; mcdedne expectante
[F.] ; delay age.
3. v. be late etc. adj., not be on time etc.
132.13 ; arrive late, arrive in an armchair
[coll.] ; keep banker's hours ; stand or lay
over, hang in the balance, hang in the
hedge, hang fire.
4. v. postpone, delay, stay, put off, shift
or stave off, wait [coll.], defer, reserve,
procrastinate [rare] etc. below 133.5*
drive [coll.], waive, respite [rare], sus-
pend, hang up [chiefly coll.] ; adjourn,
prorogue, prorogate ; lay or set by, lay ~,
set *>, cast ~, push or put aside, side
[coll.], shunt, stand or lay over, let the
matter stand, table, lay on the table,
pigeonhole, shelve, put on the shelf, put
on the rack [coll.], put on ice [slang] ;
consult one's pillow, sleep upon; pre-
termit etc. 460.7 ; prolong etc. (protract)
110.6.
5. v. procrastinate, be dilatory etc. adj.,
vacillate, hesitate, hang, hang back, hang
fire ; dally, dillydally, fiddle-faddle [coll.],
dawdle, linger ; temporize, gain or make
time, play for time, stand off [chiefly
coll.], hold off [coll.] ; stall, stall off, stall
for time, stall along or around [all slang] ;
talk against time, filibuster [U.S. polit.],
speak for Buncombe [coll., U.S. polit.] ;
tie up with red tape ; not do etc. 681.2.
6. v. retard, delay, slacken, slow down,
keep back, detain, hold up [coll.] ; stop,
block etc. (hinder) 706.4.
7. v, wait, delay, tarry, stay, bide, bide
or take one's time, take time, mark time,
dally, dillydally, dawdle, linger, loiter;
hang around or about [coll.] , stick around
[slang] ; hold on [coll.] , hold one's horses
[slang], keep one's shirt on [slang], sit
tight [coll.] ; be kept waiting, be stood
up [slang] , dance attendance, kick or cool
one's heels [coll.], wait impatiently ; jaire
antichambre [F.] ; wait or stay up, sit
up ; await etc. (expect) 507.5 ; continue
etc. 106.2.
8. adj. late, tardy, slow, behindhand,
backward, overdue; moratory; unpunc-
tual, impunctual [rare] ; belated, delayed
etc. v. ; in abeyance ; untimely etc. 135.6.
9. adj. dilatory, delaying, Micawber-
ish ; procrastinating, procrastinative,
ishing]. ^ Better late than never. Aufge-
schoben ist nicht aufgehoben [Postponed is not
abandoned] . It is too late to shut the stable
door when the steed is stolen.
procrastinatory ; cunctatious or cuncta-
tive, cunctatory [all rare] ; dillydallying,
dillydally [obs. exc. dial.] ; indolent etc.
683.13; neglectful etc. 460.8.
10. adj. later, postliminary [rare] etc.
(subsequent) 117.3.
11. adv. late, lateward [obs.], back-
ward, behindhand, behind or after time,
like a cow's or donkey's tail (always be-
hind) [slang] ; late in the day, at the
eleventh hour, at sunset.
12. adv. after delay, at last, at long
last, at length, finally, ultimately, eventu-
ally ; ex post facto [L.] ,
13. adv. tardily, slowly, deliberately,
leisurely, at one's leisure.
134. Timeliness
(See 135. Untimeliness)
1. n. timeliness, opportuneness etc.
adj., tempestivity [arch.] ; expedience
etc. 646; fitness etc. 23.2.
2. n. time, occasion, opportunity,
chance, show [coll., U.S.], opening,
room, scope, space, place, liberty.
3. n. suitable occasion, proper occasion,
suitable or proper time or season, high
time ; good or fine opportunity, good or
some show [coll., U.S.], golden oppor-
tunity, well-timed opportunity or occa-
sion, favorable opportunity or occasion,
mollia tcmpora [L.] ; clear stage, fair
field.
4. n. crisis, critical or crucial moment,
psychological moment, critical point, the
scratch [coll.], nick of time, zero hour,
moment of crisis ; turning point, turn ;
critical situation, emergency, contingency,
exigency, juncture, conjuncture, pass,
strait, extremity, push, pinch, squeeze
[coll.], rub; predicament etc. 704.2.
5. v. be timely etc. adj., suit or befit
the time, ^ season or occasion ; be ex-
pedient etc. 646.3.
6. v. improve the opportunity or occa-
sion, improve the shining hour, seize or
use an opportunity or occasion ; turn to
account or good account, avail oneself of t
profit by ; strike the iron while it is hot,
134. To seize with power the crisis of a dark
decisive hour. COWPER. There is a tide in
the affairs of men / Which, taken at the flood,
leads on to fortune. SHAKESPEARE. Gather
ye rosebuds while ye may. HERRICK. Carpe
diem [Pluck the day; seize time by the fore-
lock]. HORACE. Opportunity makes a thief.
73
battre le jer sur I'enclume [F.], make
hay while the sun shines, seize the pres-
ent hour, take time by the forelock, pren-
dre la balle au bond [F.].
7. adj. timely, timeful [obs.], timeous
[rare or Scot.], well-timed, tempestive
[arch.], seasonable, opportune, conven-
ient [arch.], expedient, meet, fit, fitting,
befitting, suitable, sortable, appropriate,
proper, seemly, favorable, propitious,
auspicious, lucky, providential, fortunate,
happy, felicitous; punctual etc. 132.7, 9.
8. adj : critical, crucial, decisive.
9. adj. occasional, incidental, casual,
accidental ; extemporaneous, extempo-
rary ; contingent etc. (dependent) 475.15.
ro. adv. opportunely etc. adj., timely
| arch. ] , in proper time or season, in due
time or course, in the fullness of time, in
good time or season, all in good time ; in
the nick of time, just in time, at the
eleventh hour; now or never; early etc.
132.11 ; expediently etc. 646.6.
1 1. adv. etc, by the way, by the by ; in-
cidentally, while on the subject, speaking
of, a propos [F.] or apropos of; in pass-
ing, en passant [F.] ; obiter [L.], obiter
dictum [L.] ; parenthetically, by way of
parenthesis, par parenthese [F.] ; for ex-
ample, par exemple [F.] ; offhand, ex-
tempore, on the spur of the moment or
occasion; in connection with etc. 9.10.
135. Untirneliness
(See 134. Timeliness)
1. ii. untimeliness, unreasonableness
etc. adj., intempestivity, inopportunity ;
inexpeclience etc. 647; anachronism etc.
115; prematurity etc. 132.2 ; intrusion etc.
228.3.
2. n. unsuitable time or occasion, un-
propitious ^, unfortunate etc. adj. time
or occasion, evil hour; contretemps [F.].
3. v. be untimely etc. adj., come amiss ;
have other fish to fry, be otherwise oc-
cupied, be busy or engaged ; intrude etc.
228,10.
4. v. ill time, mistime.
BACON. Let nothing pass that will ad-
vantage you. CATO. Nunc ant nunquam
[Now or never], Nosce tempus [Know, the
time]. A stitch in time saves nine.
135. He tires betimes that spurs too fast be-
times. SHAKESPEARE. Don't cross the
bridge till you get to it After meat mustard,
after death the doctor.
134.6-136.5
5. v. lose an opportunity, throw away
or waste an opportunity, neglect an op-
portunity, allow or suffer the opportu-
nity or occasion to pass or go by, let slip
through the fingers, lock the stable door
after the horse or steed is stolen; waste
time etc. (be inactive) 683.8.
6. adj. untimely, untimeous [chiefly
Scot.] ; unseasonable, ill-timed, ill-sea-
soned, mistimed, timeless [arch.], in-
tempestive [rare], too late or soon, in-
opportune, inconvenient, untoward, mat
a propos [F.], unfavorable, inauspicious,
unauspicious [rare], unpropitious, un-
fortunate, unlucky, unhappy; tmsuited
etc. 24.7 ; inexpedient etc. 647.3 J unpunc-
tual etc. 133.8 ; premature etc. 132.8 ; out-
of-date etc. 124.9 ; anachronous etc. 115.3.
136. Frequency
(See 137. Infrequency)
1. n. frequency, frequence, oftenness,
oftness [rare], commonness, prevalence,
quotiety [rare] ; repetition etc. 104; con-
tinuance etc. 143; constancy, persistence
etc. (perseverance) 6o4a.
2. v. do frequently etc. adv., keep on,
keep at it, hammer at or away, do noth-
ing but ; repeat, recur etc. 104.4 ; continue
etc. 143.2; persist etc. (persevere) 604.^.2.
3. adj. frequent, oftentime, ofttime
[rare], often [arch.] ; many, many times,
not rare, recurrent, thick-coming; fre-
quentative [Gram.] ; repeated etc. 104.6,
7; usual etc. (habitual) 613.11 ; periodic,
hourly etc. (regular) 138.9-11.
4. adj. constant, continual, steady,
steadfast, regular, incessant, unceasing,
unintermitting, unremitting, unchanging,
unvarying, unstopped, uninterrupted ; of
daily or everyday occurrence, everyday;
perpetual etc. 112.4; continuing etc.
1434-
5. adv. frequently etc. adj. often, oftens
[dial.], oft [arch, or poetic], oftentimes,
oftentime [rare], ofttimes, ofttime
[arch.], oftentide [obs.], oftly [rare],
oftwhiles [rare], often enough; not in-
frequently, not seldom, unseldom; most
often or frequently, in many instances,
many times, many a time, full many a
time, many a time and oft ; in quick or
136. Nor is he convinced but by length of time
and frequency of experiment JOHNSON.
I'll do and I'll do and I'll do. SHAKESPEARE.
1365-138.7
74
rapid succession; again and again etc.
(repeatedly) 104.8; commonly etc. (ha-
bitually) 613.13; periodically etc. 138.
12.
6. adv. constantly, continually, inces-
santly etc, adj.; without ceasing, at all
times, ever and anon; every day, every
hour, every moment ; daily, hourly etc. ;
daily and hourly, night and day, day and
night; morning, noon and night; hour
after hour, day after day, month after
month, year after year ; day in day out,
month in month out, year in year out;
perpetually, always etc. 112.5 J invariably
etc. 16.7.
137, Infrequency
(See 136. Frequency)
1. 11. infrequency, infrequence, unfre-
quency; unfrequentness, seldomness etc.
adj. ; seldomcy [rare], rarity; sparseness
etc. (fewness) 103.
2. adj. infrequent, unfrequent ; seldom
[arch.], seldseen [arch.], seldom seen;
uncommon, rare, almost unheard-of, un-
precedented, not within the memory of
man or the oldest inhabitant, not within
one's previous experience; occasional;
semioccasional [coll., U.S.] ; spasmodic
etc. 139.2; scarce etc. (few) 103.3.
3. adv. infrequently, unf requently ;
seldom, seldomly [rare] ; rarely, scarcely,
uncommonly, hardly ; scarcely or iiardly
ever, seldom ever [now illit] ; not often,
unoften; sparsely etc. 103.5.
4. adv. occasionally, sometimes, at
times, now and then, every now and then
[coll.], once and again, once in a while
or way, every once in a while [coll.],
from time to time, there being times when
. . . , toties quo ties [L.] ; once in a blue
moon [coll.], once in a coon's age [coll.,
U.S.], once in a dog's age [coll.] ; semi-
occasionally [coll., U.S.] ; sporadically
etc. 70.5.
5. adv. once, on one occasion, just or
only once, once and for all or always,
once for all, one time only, for the nonce ;
pro hac vice [L.] ; formerly etc. 122.14;
then, sometime etc. 119.2-4.
137. Like angel visits, few and far between,
T. CAMPBELL. A strain of rareness.
SHAKESPEARE. What is so rare as a day in
June? LOWELL.
138. Regularity of Recurrence
(See 139. Irregularity of Recurrence)
1. n. regularity, regularness, steadi-
ness etc. adj.; punctuality etc. 132.3.
2. n. periodicity, recurrence, regular
recurrence, reoccurrence, return, inter-
mittence or intermittency ; alternation, al-
ternateness, alternacy [rare], alternative-
ness, alter nity [rare] ; discontinuity etc.
70 ; repetition etc. 104 ; reversion etc. 145.
3. n, rhythm, rhythmus [L,] ; rhyme
or rime [rare] ; cadence or cadency, lilt,
swing, measure, measured movement;
pulsation, beat etc. (oscillation) 314.
4. n. round, revolution, periodical rev-
olution, rotation, rota [rare], cycle, cir-
cuit, course, series, bout, turn, say ; rou-
tine etc, 613.4.
5. n. anniversary; biennial, triennial,
quadrennial, quinquennial, sextennial,
septennial, octennial, decennial; tricen-
nial, jubilee, centennial, centenary, bi-
centennial, bicentenary, tercentenary ;
fete day ; saint's day ; birthday, birthright,
natal day; Lincoln's Birthday etc. below,
138.7-
6. n. menses, catamenia etc. 299.7.
7. n. (calendarial and sidereal rounds
or divisions) days of the week, Sunday
etc., Blue Monday [chiefly U.S.] ; months
of the year, January etc. ; festival, feast,
fast etc.; Christmas, Christmas Day or
Eve, Xmas, Merry Christmas, yuletide;
New Year's Day, New Year's [coll.] ;
Twelfth-night, Twelfth-day, Twelfth-
tide; Ash Wednesday, Maundy Thurs-
day, Good Friday; Easter, Easter Mon-
day ; Whitsunday, White Sunday ; Whit-
monday ; Allhallows, Allhallowmas, Hal-
lowmas, Allhallowtide, All Saints' Day,
Hallowday [Eng.] ; Hallowe'en; All
Souls' Day; Candlemas, ground-hog or
woodchuck day [U.S.] ; Dewali, Holi
find] ; Bairam, Ramadan, Murharram
[all Moham,].
Memorial or Decoration Day [U.S.] ;
Independence Day, Fourth of July [both
U.S.] ; Empire Day [Eng.] ; Dominion
Day [Can.] ; Labor Day [U.S.] ; Co-
lumbus Day; Armistice Day, Victory
Day; Thanksgiving Day, Thanksgiving
[both U.S.] ; Lady Day, Annunciation
138. The trivial round, the commonplace task.
KEBLE. The punctual corning back, on
their due days, of the birds. EMERSON,
75
Day; leap year, a woman's year [coll.],
bissextile day ; St. S within' s Day ; Mid-
summer Day ; May Day ; Derby day
[Eng.] ; Arbor Day ; Washington's Birth-
day; Lincoln's Birthday [both U.S.];
King's Birthday [Eng.] ; Orangemen's
Day [Ir.] ; St. Patrick's Day; Boxing
Day [Eng.].
8. r v. recur, reoccur, recur in regular
order or succession, reappear, return, re-
volve, come round, come round again,
come or occur again, come in its turn ; al-
ternate, fluctuate, come and go, Intermit ;
beat, pulsate etc. (oscillate) 314.810.
g. adj. regular, methodical, system-
atic (al), punctual, regular as clockwork;
steady etc. (constant) 136.4.
10. adj. periodic(al), recurrent, recur-
ring etc. v. } serial; epochal, seasonal;
isochronal, isochronous, isochronk,
isochrone ; cyclic (al) , cyclian ; rhyth-
mic (al), rhythmal; pulsative, pulsatile,
pulsatory, pulsating, throbbing ; intermit-
tent, remittent, alternate, every other;
every; frequent etc. 136.3 ; discontinuous
etc. 70.4.
ix. adj. hourly etc.; daily, diurnal,
quotidian [rare] ; weekly, tertian, heb-
domadal, hebdomadary; biweekly, fort-
nightly ; bimonthly ; monthly, menstrual,
catamenial ; yearly, annual ; biennial, tri-
ennial, decennial etc. n. ; centennial, secu-
lar ; paschal, lenten etc.
12. adv. periodically, regularly etc,
adj. ; regular [chiefly dial], at regular or
stated intervals, at fixed or established
periods ; from hour to hour, from day to
day, de die in diem [L.], day by day;
frequently etc. 136.5.
13. adv. by turns, in turn or rotation,
alternately, every other day, off and on,
ride and tie, hitch and hike, round and
round.
139. Irregularity of Recurrence
(See 138. Regularity of Recurrence)
i* n. irregularity, uncertainty, unpunc-
tuality ; fitfulness etc. adj., intermittence,
inconstancy, variability, mutability,
changeability, deviation ; ecrhythmus ;
acatastasia [Med.].
2. adj. irregular, uncertain, unpunc-
tual; fitful, spasmodic, spastic [Med.],
139. Life's fitful fever. SHAKESPEARE.
138.7-140.5
sporadic, intermittent, capricious, erratic,
eccentric, desultory, wavering, flickering,
unsteady, inconstant, unsettled, uneven,
unequal, variable, mutable, changeable,
deviative, heteroclite; unmethodical^ or
immethodical, unsystematic ; rambling,
disconnected, broken, rhapsodical fobs.] ;
ecrhythmic, ecrhythmous ; infrequent etc.
137.2 ; discontinuous etc. 74-
3. adv. irregularly, fitfully etc. adj., by
fits and starts etc. (discontinuously) 70.5.
140, Change
(See 141. Permanence,' also 149. Change-
ableness)
Difference at Different Times. r. n.
change, alteration, mutation, permuta-
tion, variation, modification ; modulation,
qualification, inflection ; deviation, diver-
sion, shift, turn ; break ; resolution, con-
version etc. (gradual change) 144; revo-
lution etc. (sudden or radical change)
146; eversion etc. (inversion) 218; dis-
location etc. 185; changeableness etc.
149 ; tergiversation etc. (change of mind)
607.
2. n. transformation, transfiguration,
transfigurement, transmutation, trans-
mogrification [coll.], transubstantiation,
mutation, metastasis, metamorphosis ;
metabolism, metabola or metabole [Med.
and ZooL] ; metathesis, transposition,
translocation, elocation fobs.], hetero-
topia or heterotopy [Biol.] ; metagenesis ;
metempsychosis, transanimation, trans-
migration; metasomatism, metasomato-
sis [both Geol.] ; avatar, deoxidization,
deoxidation [both Chem.] ; transform-
ism, transmorphism [rare].
3. . innovation, novation [rare], in-
troduction; novelty etc. (newness) 123;
neology etc. 563.7.
4* n. alterant, alterative, modifier,
transformer, transmogrifier [coll.].
5. v. change, be changed etc. adj., un-
dergo a change etc. n. f assume a new
phase, alter, mutate ; vary, diversify ; wax
and wane ; modulate, merge into ; devi-
ate, turn, shift, veer, jibe, jib, tack, chop,
140. The ever whirling wheele / Of Change,
the which all mortall things doth sway. SPEN-
SER. We shall all be changed, in a moment,
in the twinkling of an eye. BIBLE. The old
order changeth, yielding place to new. TENNY-
SON. Let the great world spin forever down
1405-141.7
chop and change, swerve, warp, dodge;
turn aside, take a turn, turn the corner ;
tergiversate etc. 607.7-9; shuffle, vacil-
late etc. (be irresolute) 605.4; blow hot
and cold etc. (be capricious) 608.4; be
converted etc. 144.8.
6. v. work a change, change, alter,
mutate, modify ; modulate, qualify ; vary,
diversify, ring the changes; transform,
transfigure, transmute, transmogrify
f coll. ] , transubstantiate, transume [ obs. ] ,
transverse [rare], transshape [rare],
convert, resolve, metamorphose; vamp,
vamp together or up, revamp [chiefly
coll.], patch, piece; tamper with; metab-
olize [PhysioL] ; superinduce, superim-
pose; shuffle the cards, shift the scene,
turn over a new leaf ; give a turn to, give
a color to ; influence, sway ; turn the scale
or balance; revolutionize etc. 146.4; in-
vert etc. (reverse) 218.4; convert into
etc. 144.6; disturb etc. (discompose)
61.4; differentiate etc. 15.6; render un-
like etc. 18.3.
7. v. innovate, make innovations, no-
vate, introduce; introduce new blood;
neologize, novelize [rare].
8. adj. changed, altered etc. v. ; alterate
[obs.]; changeable etc. 149.5, 6; new-
fangled etc. 123.10.
141. Permanence
(See 140. Change; also 150. Stability)
Absence of Change. i, n. perma-
nence, permanency, changelessness, last-
ingness, abidingness, durableness etc.
adj. ; durability, duration, persistence or
persistency, Constance or constancy, en-
durance ; maintenance, sustentation
[rare] , preservation, conservation ; status
quo [L.], status in quo [L.], static con-
dition, standing; law of the Medes and
Persians; standing dish; immutability,
the ringing grooves of change. TENNYSON.
Most of the change we think we see in life /
Is due to truths being in and out of favor.
FROST. They are not constant, but are
changing still. SHAKESPEARE. It is a bad
plan that admits of no modification. PUBLIL-
xus. Be ye transformed by the renewing
of your minds. BIBLE. Nous avons change
tout cela [We have changed all that].
MOLIERE.
141. The universal human yearning for some-
thing permanent, enduring, without shadow of
change. W, GATHER. What is conserva-
tism? Is it not adherence to the old and tried,
76
fixity etc. (stability) 150; inertness etc.
172; quiescence etc. 265; obstinacy etc.
606; continuance etc. 143; inaction etc.
681, 683.
2. n. conservatism, opposition to
change, unprogressivism, standpattism
[coll.], standstillism, fogy ism, Toryism
[Eng.], Hunkerism [U.S.], bitter-ender-
ism or bitter-endism [coll.] ; laissez-
faireism, Fabian policy, let-alone princi-
ple, ^ doctrine or policy; laisser-aller,
laisser oiler, laisses oiler, laisses fairc,
laisser faire [all F.] ; bigotry etc. 606.2,
3. n. conservative, conservatist ; un-
progressive, unprogressivist ; uncompro-
miser, standpat or standpatter [coll.],
Hardshell [coll., U.S.], die-hard, bitter-
ender [coll.], fogram or fogrum [coll.],
fogy, old fogy, stick-in-the-mud [coll.],
mossback [slang, chiefly U.S.], laudator
temporis acti [L.], Hunker [U.S.] , Bour-
bon, Tory [Eng.] ; reactionary, reaction-
ist; old school, right wing; irreconcilable
etc. 606.3.
4. v. be permanent etc. adj., not change
etc. 140.5; persist, remain, stay, tarry,
rest ; last, endure, bide, abide, aby [arch. ] ,
dwell, maintain, keep, hold, hold on, live,
subsist; stand still or fast, stay put
[chiefly coll.], stand pat [coll.], hold or
keep one's ground or footing; outlive,
survive; remain valid, hold good, con-
tinue etc. 143.2.
5. v. be conservative etc. adj., oppose
change, stand on ancient ways, stare su-
per antiquas mas [L.], let be, let or leave
alone, let well enough alone, leave things
as they are, quieta non mover a [L.], let
things take their course.
6. adj. permanent, enduring etc, v. }
durable, lasty [chiefly dial.] ; changeless,
unchanging, unvarying; unchanged, un-
altered, intact, inviolate, quails ab in-
cepto [L.] ; persistent, constant, monot-
onous, unchecked, unfailing, unfading;
undestroyed, unrepealed, unsuppresseol ;
pucka [Ind.] ; established, fixed etc.
(stable) 150.5 ; stationary etc. 265.7 J un-
changeable etc. 150.7.
7. adj. conservative, opposed to change,
preservative, unprogressive, reactionary,
reactionist ; uncompromising, standpat
against the new and untried? LINCOLN. 1
take my pleasure without change, and as I lived
I live. W. S. BLUNT. The absurd man is he
who never changes. BARTHELEMY. The
quiet, equable, deadly holder-on. S. V. BENET.
[coll.], standstill, hard-shell [coll., U.S.],
die-hard, bitter-end [coll.], fogyish, stick-
in-the-mud [coll.].
8. adv. permanently etc. adj. ; in statu
quo [L.], uti possidetis [L., Law], at a
stand or standstill, without a shadow of
turning; for good, for good and all,
finally; as usual, as per usual [coll.],
142. Cessation
(See 143. Continuance)
Change from Action to Rest. i. n.
cessation, discontinuance, discontinua-
tion; desinence, desistance, surcease [lit-
erary] , cease [obs. exc. in without cease] ,
stopping etc. v., stoppage, stop, quittance
| rare], stand, halt, stay, arrest, check;
dead stop or stand, full stop ; end etc. 67 ;
arrival etc. 292 ; death etc. 360 ; dead-
lock, checkmate etc. (hindrance) 706;
standstill etc. (quiescence) 265 ; aban-
donment etc. 624 ; disuse etc. 678.
2. n. pause, rest, stay, drop, lull, lapse,
break, caesura (pi. caesuras, caesurae),
intermission, intermittance, interval, in-
terregnum, interlude, respite, hesitation,
interruption, hitch [chiefly coll.], recess,
remission, suspense, suspension, abey-
ance, letup [coll.] ; truce, etc. 723.3; in-
action etc. 68 1 ; idleness etc. 683.2.
3. n. (in debate) closure, cloture, do-
ture [F.].
4. n. (in music) interval, rest etc.
413.11-12; stop etc. 417.12.
5. n. (punctuation) stop, point; com-
ma, semicolon, colon, period, caesura.
6. { u. cease, discontinue, stop, stay, halt,
hold, belay [Naut. or coll.] , stow [slang] ,
quit, leave off, desist, refrain, wind up
[coll.] ; hold or stay one's hand, have
done with, drop it [slang], drop every-
thing [slang], give over, surcease [lit-
erary], call it a day [coll.], shut up shop,
shut down, knock off [coll.], hang up
one's ax or the fiddle [coll.] ; break off,
break it off [coll.], break or snap the
thread, cut off, chop off [slang] ; pull up,
pull up or stop short, bring up with a
round turn [coll.], come to a full stop,
come to a stand or standstill.
142. Let the long contention cease! M. AR-
NOLD. Comes a pause in the day's occupa-
tions. LONGFELLOW. It seemed like the ceas-
ing of exquisite music. LONGFELLOW. But
now thy kingdom shall not continue. BIBLE.
Non sum quails cram [I am not what I used to
be] . HORACE,
141.7-1433
stick, stall, hang fire; pause, rest ; rest
on one's oars, repose on one's laurels ; go
out, die away, wear off or away, pass
away ; end etc. 67.5, 6 ; give up etc. (aban-
don) 624.3 ; remain etc. (be quiescent)
265.5 ; relax etc. 687.4 ; not do etc. 681.2 ;
disuse etc. 678.2.
7. v. interrupt, suspend, interpel
[obs.], break, intermit, remit; put a stop
or an end to, put a period to, stop, stay,
halt, stall, arrest, stem the tide or cur-
rent, bring to a stand or standstill, check,
check in full career, pull the check-string,
cut short, shut down on or upon [coll.] ;
derail ; kill the engine, cut the gun [slang] ,
turn off the juice [slang] ; bring to an end
etc. 67.7; deadlock, checkmate etc.
(thwart) 706.7; intervene etc. (intrude)
228.10.
8. int. cease!, stop!, hold!, stay!, de-
sist!, leave off! etc. v.\ eheu jam satis!
[L.], arretes! [F.], halt!, halt c I [F.],
enough!, avast! [Naut.], belay that or
there! [coll.], have done!, hold on!
[coll.], hold hard!, whoa!, a truce to!,
soft!, tcnez! [F.] ; cut it out!, can it!,
cheese it !, chuck it !, come off !, come off
of it !, stow it !, lay off !, let up !, fade away !
[all slang] ; forbear etc. 623.13 ; don't etc.
761.6.
143. Continuance
(See 142. Cessation)
Continuance in Action. i. n, contin-
uation, continuity; run; pursuance,
maintenance, extension, perpetuation,
prolongation ; persistence etc. (persever-
ance) 6o4a; repetition etc. 104; perma-
nence etc. 141 ; frequency etc. 136.
2. v. continue, be steadfast or constant,
persist, persevere, endure, keep, keep or
go on, run or jog on, drag on, hold, hold
on or out, take or maintain its course, ricle
[slang, U.S.] ; remain, abide etc. (be
permanent) 141.4; do frequently etc.
136.2. ^ -
3. v. sustain, maintain, prolong, per-
petuate, protract, extend ; go on, carry or
keep on, keep going, keep ,on foot, keep
up, keep alive, keep the pot boiling [coll.] ,
keep up the ball [coll.] , keep the ball roll-
ing, keep at it, keep driving [coll.], plug
at it [slang], plug away or along [slang],
keep to or maintain one's course, hold on
143. Continual dropping wears away stone.
LUCRETIUS. Continuous as the stars that
shine, WORDS WORT H .
1433-146.1
78
or pursue the even tenor of one's way.
prosecute to a conclusion, follow up or
through, see it through [coll.], stay
[coll.], stay with it, stay it out, stay the
distance [slang, U.S.], stick to, stick
[slang], stick it put [slang], sit the bag
[slang, U.S.], die in the last ditch, be
in at the death ; die in harness, die in one's
shoes, die at one's post; let it ride [slang,
U.S.] ; harp upon etc. (repeat) 1044;
uphold etc. (preserve) 670.3, (support)
215.26; stabilize etc. 150.4.
4. adj. continuing etc. v. 9 uninter-
rupted, unintermitting, unremitting, un-
changing, unvarying, unvaried, unshift-
ing, unceasing, unstopped, unrevoked, un*-
reversed; persistent, sustained; chronic;
inconvertible; continual etc. 136.4; con-
tinuous etc. 69.6; undying etc. (perpet-
ual) 112.4.
5. int. carry on!, keep it up!, keep at
it!, stay with it!, stick with it! [coll.],
stand fast !
144. Conversion
Gradual Change to Something Differ-
ent. i. n. conversion, version [obs.],
reduction, resolution, assimilation, as-
sumption ; lapse, shift, flux ; growth, prog-
ress ; naturalization ; alchemy, chemistry ;
transmutation etc. (transformation )
140.2; naturalization etc. 184.7; change
etc. 140.
2. n. regeneration, reformation; pros-
elytization, Catholicization, Protestantiz-
ation.
3. n. transition, transit, transmigra-
tion, transportation, passage ; phase,
stage.
4. n. (instruments) melting pot, cruci-
ble, alembic, caldron, retort, mortar, pot-
ter's wheel, anvil, lathe, blowpipe.
5. n. convert, proselyte, neophyte, cate-
chumen, disciple.
6. v. convert, convert or resolve into,
assimilate to, bring or reduce to, make,
render ; mold etc. (form) 240.6 ; alter etc.
(change) 140.6.
7. v. regenerate, reform, refound, reor-
ganize, remodel, strike out something
new, produce anew; revolutionize etc.
146.4.
144. But doth suffer a sea-change / Into
something rich and strange. SHAKESPEARE.
Ye compass sea and land to make one proselyte.
BIBLE.
8. v, be converted into, come or turn
to or into, run into, fall into, pass into,
slide or glide into, grow into, merge or
blend into, melt into, open into, resolve
itself into, settle into, come round to, as-
sume the form or character of; become,
get, wax, grow ; mature, mellow, ripen
into; melt, blend, merge, lapse, illapse
[rare] , glide, shift ; undergo a change etc.
140.5.
9. adj. convertible, conversible [rare],
resolvable into, transmutable, transform-
able, transitional, modifiable.
145. Reversion
1. n. reversion, revertal [rare], revert-
ing, retroversion, reverse, reversal, re-
turn, returning etc. *u. t revulsion; recon-
version; atavism [Biol.], throwback;
escheat [Law] ; retrocession, retrogres-
sion etc. (regression) 283; relapse etc.
66 1 ; recoil etc. 277; inversion etc. 218;
restoration etc. 660; alternation etc. (pe-
riodicity) 138.2.
2. n. turning point, turn, turn of the
tide ; calm before a storm ; critical point
etc. (crisis) 134.4.
3. n. reversioner, reversionist ; per-
vert, turncoat etc. (apostate) 607.5, 6.
4. v. revert, retrovert, reverse, regress,
return, come or go back ; undo, unmake ;
turn the tide or scale ; escheat [Law] ; re-
lapse etc. 661.3; invert etc. 218.4; recoil
etc. 277.3 ; retreat, turn back etc, 283.5, 6.
5. adj : reverted, reversed etc. adj.
6. adj. reversionary, reversional; re-
gressive, retrogressive, reactionary, re~
vulsionary; retrorse; atavistic [Biol.].
7. adv. reversionally etc. adj., on the
rebound; against the grain, a rebours
[R].
146. Revolution
Sudden or Radical Change. t. n.
revolution, striking alteration, organic or
total change, ^weeping change, clean
sweep ; transilience or transiliency
[rare]; revulsion; subversion, over-
throw, overturn, upset, bouleversement
145. Till happy chance revert the cruel scene,
PRIOR. Backward, turn backward, O Time,
in your flight, / Make me a child again just
for tonight !~~E. A. ALLEN.
146. Revolutions are not made; they come,
W. PHILLIPS. A revolutionary moment in
the world's history is a time for revolutions.
79
[F.] ; breakup, breakdown; debacle, de-
bacle ^[F.} ; counterrevolution; rebellion,
uprising, mutiny etc. (revolt) 742,2.
2. n. revolutionism, Bolshevism ; sans-
culottism, sans-culottisme [F.], sans-
culotterie [F.].
3. n. revolutionist etc. (insurgent)
742.3.
4. v. revolutionize, revolute [slang],
revolution, render revolutionary, change
radically or fundamentally, make a clean
sweep, break with the past ; rebel, insur-
rect etc. (revolt) 742.5 ; remodel etc. (re-
generate) 144.7.
5. adj. revolutionary, revolutional ; re-
vulsive, revulsionary ; catastrophic, cata-
clysmic or cataclysmal ; transilient ; radi-
cal, red ; Bolshevist or Bolshevistic, Bol-
shevik; sans-culottic, sans-culottish ; in-
surrectionary, mutinous, insurgent etc.
(rebellious) 742.7.
147. Substitution
(See 148. Interchange)
Change of One Thing for Another.
i. n. substitution, supplanting etc. v.,
supplantation, replacement, supersession,
supersedence, supersedure, commutation,
subrogation [Law], surrogation [rare] ;
metonymy etc. (figure of speech) 521 ;
transfer etc. 783.
2. n. substitute, substitution etc. above,
sub [coll.], succedaneum, proxy, locum
tenens [L.], warming pan [chiefly coll.],
surrogate, alternate, alternative, alterna-
tor, supplanter, fill-in, filler-inner [slang] ,
superseder, changeling, quid pro quo
[L.], equivalent, equal, double, dub
[slang, U.S.], dummy, secondary; sub-
stituent [Chem.] ; ersatz; makeshift, pis
oiler [F.], temporary expedient, stopgap,
shift, apology, jury mast; understudy,
pinch hitter [coll.], stand-in [motion-
picture cant] ; ringer, ring-in [both
slang] ; ghost, ghost writer ; scapegoat,
goat [slang], fall guy [slang, U.S.] ; con-
sideration, exchange value, price, worth,
purchase money; representative, deputy
etc. 759.
146.1-148.1
3. v. substitute, put in the place of,
change for, surrogate [rare], subrogate
[Law], suffect [rare], ring in [coll.];
make way for, give place to; serve as a
substitute, substitute for, sub for [coll.],
supplant, succeed, supersede, replace, cut
out [coll], supply or take the place of,
swap places with [coll.], step into or
stand in the shoes of, fill one's shoes, fill
in for, spell off [coll.] , act for, double for,
pinch-hit [coll.].
cover up for, front for, go to the front
for, take the rap for, be the goat [all
slang] ; make a shift with, put up with ;
borrow of Peter to pay Paul ; commute,
redeem, compound for ; dub in [motion-
picture cant] ; ghost, ghostwrite ; ex-
change etc. (interchange) 148.3; trans-
fer etc. 783-3- ; represent etc. 759.4. _
4. adj. substituted etc. v., substitu-
tional, substitutionary, substitutive ; sub-
dititious [rare], supersedable ; vicarious,
vicarial ; makeshift, makeshifty ; tempo-
rary, provisional, tentative.
5. adv. etc. instead, in the stead of, in
place of, in lieu of, in the room of fobs.
exc. dial.], as a substitute etc. n., by
proxy ; in its stead or place, rather than ;
jaute de mieux [F.].
148. Interchange
(See 147. Substitution; also 794. Barter)
Double or Mutual Change. i. n. in-
terchange, exchange, counterchange,
commutation, permutation, intermuta-
tion, alternation; transposition, trans-
posal ; shuffle, shuffling ; trading, swap-
ping [coll.] ; reciprocation, reciprocity,
reciprocality ; give-and-take, something
for something, quid pro quo [L.], a Ro-
land for an Oliver, measure for measure,
tit for tat, an eye for an eye, an eye for
an eye and a tooth for a tooth (Bible) ;
trade, swap [coll.], dicker [chiefly coll.,
U.S.], switch; blind bargain or swap
[coll.], pig in a poke or bag; cross fire,
retort, battledore and shuttlecock ; barter
etc. 794 ; retaliation etc. 718 ; transference
etc. 270; transfer etc. 783.
BEVERIDGE. An age of revolution and ref-
ormation. JEFFERSON. The state of mind
which creates revolutions. ARISTOTLE.
What country before ever existed a century
and a half without a rebellion ? JEFFERSON. _
147. Books . . . are a mighty bloodless substi^
tute for life. STEVENSON. A substitute
shines brightly as a king / Until a king be by.
SHAKESPEARE. Outside show is a poor sub-
stitute for inner worth. AESOP.
148. The constant interchange of those thou-
sand little courtesies. W. IRVING. Ex-
change is no robbery .-^C H. SPURGEON.
Reciprocity exacts her dues. HORACE.
148,2-149.7
80
2. n. interchangeableness etc. adj., in-
ter changeability, commutability, per mut-
ability.
3. v. interchange, exchange, change,
counterchange, permute, commute, sub-
stitute, transpose, shuffle, switch, trade,
swap [coll.], swap horses [coll.], change
hands ; trade sight unseen or unsight un-
seen ; make a blind bargain or swap [all
coll.] ; reciprocate, bandy, give and take,
give a Roland for an Oliver etc. n., give
as much as one takes, give as good as was
sent, return the compliment, pay back, re-
quite, return ; play at puss in the corner,
play at battledore and shuttlecock ; take in
another's washing ; barter etc. 7944 ; re-
taliate etc. 718.2 ; transfer etc. 783.3.
4. adj. interchangeable, exchangeable,
changeable ; transmutable, returnable,
commutative, fungible [Tech.], substitu-
tive, convertible, mutual, give-and-take;
reciprocative, reciprocate [rare] ; inter-
national, interstate, intertribal, interur-
ban, interscholastic, intercollegiate, inter-
denominational, intercurrent ; reciprocal
etc. (correlative) 12.6, 7.
5. adv. interchangeably, reciprocally
etc. adj. ; in exchange, as an exchange ;
conversely, contrariwise; by turns, turn
about, turn and turn about, back and
forth, backward and forward, backwards
and forwards, forward and back, to and
fro ; each in his or its turn, every one in
his turn; mutatis mutandis [L.] ; vice
versa etc. 14.7.
149. Changeableness
(See 150. Stability; also 140. Change)
1. n. changeableness, changefulness etc.
adj., mutability, permutability, alterabil-
ity, modifiability ; inconstancy, instabil-
ity; fluctuation, flux, fluxation [rare];
vicissitude ; versatility, variability, de-
viability ; mobility, movability, plas-
ticity; vacillation etc. (irresolution)
605; tergiversation etc. 607; capri-
ciousness, fickleness etc. 608.2, 3;
alternation etc. (oscillation) 314;
transience etc. in.
2, n. (comparisons) moon, Proteus,
149. Plus ga change, phis c'est la mcme chose
[The more it changes, the more it's the same
thing] .A. KARR, There is nothing in this
world constant but inconstancy. SWIFT.
kaleidoscope, chameleon, quicksilver,
shifting sands, rolling stone; weather-
cock, vane, weather vane, harlequin,
Cynthia of the minute, April showers,
wheel of fortune ; tergiversator, turncoat
etc. 607.5, 6.
3. n. restlessness etc. adj., disquiet,
disquietude, inquietude, unrest, perturba-
tion, fidgets, fidgetiness, dysphoria [Psy-
chol] ; agitation etc. 315.
4. V. be changeable etc. adj., fluctuate,
vacillate, dacker [Scot, and dial. Eng.],
vary, waver, flounder, flicker, flitter
[arch.] , flit, flutter, quiver, quaver, shake,
totter, stagger, tremble, wamble [dial.],
wabble, waggle, wiggle, shift, shuffle,
swing, sway; alternate, sway or shift to
and fro, vibrate or oscillate between two
extremes, blow hot and cold, play or play
at fast and loose, say one thing and mean
another, keep off and on, turn and turn
about, ring the changes, have as many
phases as the moon.
5. adj. changeable, mutable, permuta-
ble, alterable, alterative, metagenetic
[BioL], modifiable, eversible; versatile,
variable, checkered, ever-changing,
many-sided, kaleidoscopic, protean, pro-
teiform ; transitional, mobile, movable,
plastic.
6. adj. inconstant, changeful, change-
able, uncertain, unstaid, unsteady, un-
steadfast, unreliable, unstable, unfixed,
unsettled, unstable as water ; vicissitudi-
nous, vicissitudinary, vicissitous [local,
U.S.] ; fluctuating, alternating, vacillat-
ing, wavering, vibratory; restless, un-
easy, unquiet, aflutter, fidgety ; spasmodic,
desultory, fitful; rambling, roving; ir-
regular, unregular ; unmethodical or itn-
methodical; vagrant, wanton, wayward;
volatile, mercurial; afloat, adrift; inde-
cisive etc. (irresolute) 60 5.5; tergiversat-
ing etc. 607.10; capricious, fickle etc.
608.5, 6; erratic etc. (eccentric) 503.17;
transient etc. 111.6.
7. adv. changeably, inconstantly etc.
adj. ; off and on, in-and-out ; to and fro
etc. (interchangeably) 148.5; seesaw etc.
(alternately) 314.14.
The world's a scene of changes, and to be /
Constant, in Nature were inconstancy. COW-
LEY. La donna e mobile [Woman is fickle].
PIAVE. Varium et mutabile semper fe-
mina [Woman is ever a fickle and changeable
thing] . VERGIL. A rolling stone gathers no
moss. It is a long lane that has no turning.
81
1501 - 1513
ISO. Stability
(See 149. Changeableness ; also 141. Per-
manence)
1. n. stability, firmness, unchangeable-
ness etc. adj., constancy, establishment,
stabilization, stabiliment [rare], stable
equilibrium ; immutability, immobility,
immovability ; fixture, fixity, fixidity
[rare], fixation, soundness, solidity, stiff-
ness, aplomb or a plomb [F.], equilib-
rium, balance, assurance ; vitality, vigor ;
coherence ; permanence etc. 141 ; inflexi-
bility etc. (hardness) 323; obstinacy etc.
606; resolution etc. 604; quiescence etc.
265 ; resolution etc. 604.
2. n. (comparisons) rock, pillar,
tower, foundation ; leopard's spots, Ethi-
opian's skin ; law of the Medes and Per-
sians.
3-. v. be or become stable etc. adj., sta-
bilize [Radio], stand ^, keep or remain
firm, stick fast, stay put [chiefly coll.],
stand pat [coll.], keep or hold one's
ground or footing, weather the storm;
build one's house on a rock; establish
oneself, settle down etc. 184.14.
4. v. stabilize, stabilitate, stabilate, sta-
bilify [rare] ; establish, define, fix, set,
settle, ground, confirm, make firm etc.
adj., stereotype; retain, stet [Print.],
keep, keep hold ; make good or sure ; set
on its feet, set on its legs [coll.] ; float
[Com.] ; make fast, fasten etc. (attach)
43.6; make permanent etc. (see perma-
nent etc. 141.6) ; perpetuate etc. (sus-
tain) 143.3.
5. adj. stable, stabilized, established,
fixed, pat, solid, firm, firm as Gibraltar or
as a rock, firmly established or seated,
deep-seated, fast, immovable, irremov-
able, not to be moved, riveted, rooted,
deep-rooted, stated, settled, staple, ster-
eotyped; steady, steadfast; well-ground-
ed, well-founded, on a rock; tethered,
moored, anchored, at anchor ; confirmed,
inveterate; sound, valid, reliable, incon-
trovertible, indeclinable ; fiducial ; straight
[as in ten cents straight; slang, U.S.] ;
vested; permanent etc. 141.6; stationary
150. Bright star, would I were stedfast as thou
art KEATS. With whom is no variableness,
neither shadow of turning. BrpLE. Caelum
non animum mutant qui trans m-are currunt
[They who cross the sea change their skies but
not their natures]. HORACE. This rock
shall fly / From its firm base as soon as I.
SCOTT.
etc. 265.7 ; inert, etc. 172.3 ; quiescent etc.
265.7; steadfast in purpose etc. (reso-
lute) 604.7, (persevering) 6o4a.3, (ob-
stinate 606.6 ; uniform etc. 16.5.
6. adj. stuck fast, fixed, fast, immov-
able etc. above 1 50.5 ; stuck, transfixed,
aground, grounded, stranded, high and
dry.
7. adj. unchangeable, not to be changed,
immutable, incommutable, unalterable,
unalterative, unmodifiable, standpat
[coll.] ; invariable, unyielding, undeviat-
ing; indefeasible, irretrievable, intrans-
mutable, irresoluble, irrevocable, irre-
versible, reverseless, inextinguishable, ir-
reducible ; indissoluble, indissolvable ; in-
destructible, undying, imperishable, in-
delible, ineradicable, indeciduous ; unsus-
ceptible, insusceptible of change ; constant
etc. (permanent) 141.6; perennial etc.
(durable) 110.9; inflexible etc. (hard)
323.5.
8. phr. let it stand, stet [Print.].
151. Eventuality
(See 152. Imminence)
1. n. eventuality, eventuation; event,
occurrence, go [coll.], go-off [coll.],
come-off [coll.], incident, episode, ad-
vent, passage [obs.], affair, job [coll],
transaction, proceeding, doing, fact, phe-
nomenon, particular, occasion; experi-
ence, adventure ; hap, happening, happen-
stance [coll., U.S.], happen-so [dial, and
slang] ; contingence [rare], contingency;
accident, casualty ; matter, concern, busi-
ness ; supervention ; emergency, pass etc.
(crisis) 134.4; termination etc. (end)
67 ; consequence, result etc. (effect) 154.
2. n. affairs, matters, concerns, cir-
cumstances, situation, proceedings, do-
ings, goings on [chiefly coll.], things or
affairs in general; the world, life, the
times ; state of affairs, order of the day ;
course ~, tide ~, stream or run of things
or events, march of events; ups and
downs of life, vicissitudes of fortune,
chapter of accidents ; memorabilia.
3. v. eventuate, happen, hap, occur,
take place or effect, transpire [considered
erroneous], come, come off, come about
or round, come to pass, pass, go off, fall,
151. One event happeneth to them all. BIBLE.
There is a tide in the affairs of men / Which
taken at the flood leads on to fortune. SHAKE-
SPEARE. Man is not the creature of cireum-
1513-153.4
befall, fall in [rare] , chance, bechance, be-
tide; arise, start, come into existence,
come forth, come or draw on, arrive, pre-
sent itself, show up [coll.], turn up, crop
up, spring up, cast up; hold, take its
course, run, be on foot ; fall or turn out,
issue, ensue, result, become of ; turn out
to be, prove; supervene, survene fobs.].
4. v. experience, meet with, meet up
with [slang], encounter, undergo, suffer,
go or pass through ; fall to the lot of, be
one's lot or fortune; feel etc. 821.3.
5. adj. happening etc. v. } going on, do-
ing, current, prevalent, prevailing, in the
wind, afloat, on foot, on the carpet or
tapis ; at issue, in question ; incidental
6. adj. eventful, stirring, bustling, full
of incident; momentous, signal etc. (im-
portant) 642.10.
7. adj. eventual, coming, final, last, ul-
timate ; contingent.
8. adv. etc. eventually, ultimately,
finally; in the event of, in case; in the
course of things, in the natural or ordi-
nary course of things, as things or times
go, as the world goes or wags, as the tree
falls, as the cat jumps [coll.], as things
turn out, as it may turn out or happen in
the long run ; in the fullness of time etc.
(in future) 121.9.
152. Imminence
(See 151. Eventuality)
1. n. imminence, imminency, impend-
ence or impendency ; fate, foredoom etc.
(destiny) 601.3; prospect etc. (expecta-
tion) 507.
2. v. be imminent etc. adj., impend,
hang or lie over, hang over one's head,
hover, threaten, lower or lour, menace,
loom, await, come or draw on, draw near,
approach, stare one in the face, be in store
for.
3. adj. imminent, impending, impend-
ent, overhanging, hanging over one's
head, threatening, lowering, menacing,
looming, looming in the distance or fu-
ture, looming on the horizon, brewing,
preparing, coming, forthcoming, to come,
stances. Circumstances are the creatures of
men. DISRAELI. The blows of circum-
stance. TENNYSON.
152, The impending woe sat heavily on his
breast. POPE. In danger imminent. SPEN*
SER* Destruction sure o'er all your heads
impends. POPE.
82
about to be, about or going to happen,
near, close, immediate, instant, at hand,
near-at-hand, close at hand, in store, in
reserve, in the wind, in the womb of
time or futurity, on the knees or lap of
the gods, on the cards [coll.] ; that will
be, that is to be; destined etc. 601.13 ; in
prospect etc. (expected) 507.8; ap-
proaching etc. 286.3 ; future etc. 121.7.
153. Cause
(See 154. Effect)
Constant Antecedent. i. n. cause,
origin, source, derivation, genesis, birth,
incubation, incunabula [pi.] (sing, in-
cunabulum), inception, commencement,
rise, beginning, prime, principle, element,
base ; prime mover, priwum mobile [L,] ,
primordium [rare], vera causa [L.], ul-
timate cause, primary cause, causing
cause, causa causans [L.], Great First
Cause.
author, agent, producer, generator, cre-
ator ; determinant, determining condition
or agent, factor, occasion ; remote cause ;
proximate cause; final cause, last straw,
last straw that breaks the camel's back,
match in the powder barrel; influence,
impulse, impulsion, provocation ; moment
[of force] ; parameter [Math.] ; variable
[Math.] ; causative [Gram.] ; leaven ; rea-
son, ground etc. (motive) 615.1 ; induce-
ment, provocation etc. (motivation)
615.2; descent etc. (ancestry) 166.
a. n. spring, fountain, font, fount, fans
et origo [L.], fountainhead, springhead,
headspring, mainspring, wellspring
[arch.], wellhead, well, reservoir.
3. n. rudiment, Anlage [G.] or anlage
(pi. Anlagen, anlages) ; egg, germ, nu-
cleus, seed, semen, sperm, milt, roe, spat,
spawn ; embryo, fetus ; bud, gemma, ^em-
mule, gemmula; stem, stock, stirps,
trunk ; root, radix, radical, radicle, radica-
tion [rare] ; tap, taproot; etymon [rare
exc. Gram.] ; groundwork etc. (founda-
tion) 215.3; base etc. 211.
4. n. nest, cradle, nursery, nidus,
womb, venter [Law], birthplace, breed-
ing place, hotbed, incubator.
153. Things do not happen in this world they
are brought about W. HAYS. One always
retains the traces of one's origin. RENAN.
Felix qui pottiit rerum cognosces causas [Hap-
py is he who has been able t@ know the rea-
sons for things] v-*VtiRcii The causes of
83
1535-155.2
5- n. causation, causality, causativeness
etc. adj., causativity, origination, inven-
tion; causativism; production etc. 161.
6. v. cause, be the cause etc. n., lie at
the root of; causate, originate, invent,
give origin or rise to, occasion, give oc-
casion to, give birth to, sow the seeds of,
produce, make, develop, bring about,
bring in its train, bring to pass, set up,
set afloat, set on foot ; found, broach, in-
stitute, install, establish, lay the founda-
tion of; involve, entail; create, generate
etc. 1 6 1. 8-10.
7. v. induce, procure, get, obtain, bring,
bring on, contrive, effect, draw down,
open the door to, superinduce, evoke, pro-
voke, elicit, incite, kindle, suscitate
[rare] ; work, operate; inspire, persuade
etc. (motivate) 615.7-9.
8. v. contribute, advance, forward, in-
fluence, subserve, redound to, conduce to,
lead to ; have a hand in, have a finger in
the pie [coll] ; determine, decide, turn
the scale, have the deciding vote, have the
final word ; have a common origin.
9. adj. causal, causative; etiological,
original, primary, primitive, primordial,
primeval, aboriginal; protogenic, proto-
genal ; institutive, constitutive ; radical,
basic, basal, elementary, fundamental ; in
embryo, embryonic, embryotic, in ovo
[L.] ; germinal, seminal; at the bottom
of ; connate, with a common origin ; orig-
inative, formative, creative etc, (produc-
tional) i6i.ii.
10. adv. etc. causally etc. adj., behind
the scenes; because etc. 155.8.
154. Effect
(See 153. Cause)
Constant Sequent. i. n. effect, con-
sequence, consequent ; eventuation ; re-
sult, resultant, resultancy [rare] ; upshot,
issue, outcome, come-out [slang], out-
growth, fruit, offshoot, offspring, devel-
opment; derivative, derivation; afteref-
events are ever more interesting than the events
themselves. CICERO. To know truly is to
know by causes. -BACON. There is occa-
sions and causes why and wherefore ^in all
things. SHAKESPEARE. Everything is the
cause of itself. EMERSON.
154. Cause and effect are two sides of one fact.
EMERSON. Whatsoever a man soweth, that
shall he also reap. BIBLE. Behind the coarse
effect is a fine cause. EMERSON. Logical
consequences are the scare-crows of fools and
feet, aftercome [Scot], aftergrowth,
aftercrop, afterclap, aftermath ; final is-
sue, finale fit], end, consummation, cul-
mination, conclusion, denouement, catas-
trophe, pay-off [slang, U.S.] ; impres-
sion, impress ; product etc. 161.6; eventu-
ality etc. 151 ; sequel etc, 65.
2. v. effect, effectuate etc. (complete)
729.2.
3. v. be the effect of etc. n., be due to
etc. adj., originate in or from, derive its
origin from, result from, follow or accrue
from, rise or arise from, take its rise from,
come from, come out of, come of, spring
from, proceed from, grow from, bud from,
sprout from, germinate from, issue from,
ensue from, flow from, emanate from ; de-
pend on, depend or hang upon, hinge or
turn on or upon.
4. v. take the consequences, reap where
one has sown etc. (suffer the penalty)
972.12,
5. adj. resulting from etc. v. t owing to,
due to, caused by, at the bottom of, de-
pendent upon ; derived or evolved from,
derivational, derivative; attributable to
etc. 155.4.
6. adj. resultant, resultative; conse-
quent, consequential, sequential ; even-
tual, secondary, indirect, contingent.
7. adv. etc. consequently etc. adj., as a
consequence, in consequence, of conse-
quence [coll.], by consequence [arch.],
it follows that, as a natural result, inevita-
bly, naturally, necessarily, of necessity,
of course, as a matter of course ; there-
fore etc. (hence) 155.5; accordingly etc,
8.7.
155. Attribution
Assignment of Cause. i, n. attribu-
tion, assignment, assigning etc. v., as-
signation ; ascription, imputation, arroga-
tion ; accounting for, reference to, deriva-
tion from etc. v. ; etiology ; palaetiology ;
theory, hypothesis, assumption ; rationale,
rational ; explanation etc. (interpreta-
tion) 522 ; reason etc. (motive) 615,
2. n. filiation, affiliation ; paternity etc.
(ancestry) 166.
the beacons of wise men. HUXLEY. There-
by hangs a tale. SHAKESPEARE. Cela va
sans dire [That goes without saying]. A
tree is known by its fruit.
155. The 'why' is plain as way to parish church,
SHAKESPEARE. Every why hath a where-
fore. SHAKESPEARE. Cherches la
[Look for the woman].
155.3-156.4
84
3 v. attribute, assign, ascribe, impute,
attribute etc. to, lay to, put or set down
to, refer to, point to, bring home to ; ac-
count for, assign as the cause of, lay at the
door of, father upon ; fix the burden of,
fix or attribute the responsibility for,
place the blame or responsibility for;
place or put the blame on, blame, blame
for, blame on or upon [coll.] , saddle on or
upon, charge on, ground on ; point out the
reason, find or tell the cause of etc. (sec
cause etc. 153.1), tell how it comes, put
the saddle on the right horse, find the real
culprit ; trace to, trace the origin or der-
ivation of, derive from; filiate, affiliate,
fix the paternity; theorize, hypothesize,
assume.
4. adj. attributable, assignable, ascrib-
able, imputable, traceable, referable or re-
ferrible, accountable, explicable; deriva-
ble from, derivational, derivative ; affilia-
ble, affiliate; putative, putationary; ec-
batic [Gram.].
5. adv. hence, therefore, wherefore,
whence, thence, then, for that or this rea-
son, for which reason, by reason of . . . ,
from or for that cause, because of that,
on that account, propter hoc [L.] , on that
ground, to that end ; ergo, argal [arch.] ;
thus, thusly [coll.], thuswise; conse-
quently etc. 1544; accordingly etc. 8.7;
logically etc. 476.18-20.
6. adv. why, why ever or whyever
[coll.], whyfor [dial, and arch.], for why
[now dial.], forwhy [arch.], wherefore,
for which, on what account, on account
of what or which, for what or whatever
reason, ~ cause or purpose, how ; why ?,
how comes it ? etc. (inquiry) 461.28.
7. adv. somehow, somehow or other,
somehow or another, in one way or an-
other, by some means, in some way, in
some such way, somegate [Scot, and
North. Eng.].
8. conj. etc. since, sith [arch.], as,
whereas, inasmuch as, in as much as, for
as much as, forasmuch as, in so far as, in
view of the fact that, seeing that, seeing
as how [dial, and coll.], being as how
[dial.], ex concessio [L.], considering, in
consideration of, taking into account that,
by or for the cause that, because, because
of, for because [rare], for, in that, for the
reason that, by reason of, on account of,
on the score of, for the sake of, owing to,
thanks to ; accordingly etc. 8.7.
156. Chance
Absence of Assignable Cause. i. n.
chance; chance etc. (absence of design)
621 ; fortune, luck, joss [Pidgin Eng. and
slang], lot; chance or unforeseen occur-
rence, fortuitous or casual event, casual
[obs.], fortuity, accident, fluke [slang],
scratch hit or shot [coll.], casualty, ad-
venture, hazard ; contingence [rare] , con-
tingency; hap, happening, happenstance
[coll., U.S.], happen-so [dial, and
slang] ; Chance, Frank Chance, Fortune,
Fortuna, Luck, Lady Luck ; break [coll.] ,
the breaks [slang, U.S.] ; haphazard,
chance-medley, random, random shot,
potluck ; wheel of fortune or chance, For-
tune's wheel.
vicissitudes of fortune, tips and downs
of life, ins and outs, chapter of accidents ;
fate etc. (destiny) 601.3; matter of
chance, hazard of the die etc. (gamble)
621.2 ; show [coll.], opportunity etc. (oc-
casion) 134.2; stroke of luck, hit etc.
(success) 731; good luck etc. (prosper-
ity) 734; bad luck etc. (adversity) 735 ;
lucky piece etc. (talisman) 993.2.
2. n. even chance, equal chance, even
break [chiefly coll.], even or square odds,
six-two-and-even [cant] ; half a chance,
half a show [coll.] ; toss, tossup.
3. n. good chance, favorable chance or
prospect, sporting chance, 1-2-3 chance
[slang], good opportunity, good or some
show [coll.], good possibility, fair shake
[slang, U.S.], well-grounded hope, sure
bet, good thing [coll.], good thing on ice
[slang, U.S.], likely card [slang] ; best
chance, best bet, chief probability, main
chance; inside track [coll.] ; likelihood
etc. (probability) 472; possibility etc.
470; assurance etc. (certainty) 474.
4. n. small chance, little chance, poor
chance or prospect, poor or little oppor-
tunity, poor lookout [coll.], poor possi-
bility, poor or small show [coll.] , scarcely
any chance, not half a chance, not half a
show [coll.], fighting chance [coll.].
Chinaman's or dog's chance [slang],
ghost of a chance, off or outside chance
[coll.], poor bet, off bet [coll.]; long
156. To a sensible man there is no such thing
as chance. TIECK. Chance is a word void
of sense; nothing can exist without a cause.
VOLTAIRE. For things said false and never
meant, /Do oft prove true by accident. BUT-
LER. Accidents will occur in the best regu-
85
odds, long shot [slang], hundred-to-one
shot [slang] ; unlikelihood etc. (improba-
bility) 473.
5. ;/. no chance, no chance whatever,
not a Chinaman's or dog's chance [slang] ,
not the ghost of a chance, not a fighting
chance [coll.], no show [coll.] ; impossi-
bility etc. 471.
6. n. fortuitousness, fortuity; adventi-
tiousness, flukiness [slang] ; accidental-
ness, accidentalism, accidentally ; inde-
terminateness, indetermination, indeter-
minacy.
7. v. chance, bechance, come by chance ;
hap, happen; come, turn up, befall; fall
to one's lot, be one's fate etc. 601.3 ; take
a chance, risk etc. 621.17.
8. v. chance upon, stumble on, light
upon, blunder upon, hit upon, hit.
9. v. have a chance or an opportunity,
stand a chance, have or stand a show
[coll.] etc. n. f admit of; have a chance at,
have a fling or shot at [slang] ; have <^>,
stand or run a good chance etc. n. } bid or
stand fair to ; be possible etc. 470.3 ; be
probable etc. 472.2.
10. v. have a small chance, have or
stand a poor show [coll.] etc. n.
11. v. have no chance or opportunity,
have no chance whatever, not have a
chance, not have a Chinaman's chance
[slang] etc. n., not have or stand a snow-
ball's chance in hell [slang], not stand a
show | coll.]. not be in it [slang], be out
of it [slang], be out of the running; be
impossible etc. 471.4.
12. adj. chance, chanceable [obs.],
chanceful [arch.], chancy [coll.] ; fortui-
tous, casual, accidental, fluky [slang],
scratch [coll.], adventive, adventitious,
incidental, contingent, causeless, un-
caused ; undetermined, indeterminate ;
unintentional etc. 621.19-21 ; haphazard,
random etc. (disorderly) 59.8.
13. adv. by chance or accident, fortui-
tously, accidentally, casually etc. adj. ; by
a piece of luck, by a fluke [slang] , by good
fortune ; as luck would have it, as it may
happen, as it may be, as the case may
lated families. DICKENS. Therefore hap
good, or hap ill, I will walk on still. N. BRE-
TON. The happy combination of fortuitous
circumstances. SCOTT. It is more easy to
get a favour from Fortune than to keep it.
PUBLILIUS. One eye on heaven and one on
the main chance. THACKERAY. 'Tis more
by fortune, lady, than by merit. SHAKESPEARE.
Every dog has his day.
156.4-157.6
be, as it may chance, as it may turn up or
out; at haphazard, at random etc. (ir-
regularly) 59.12; perchance etc. (pos-
sibly) 4/0.7; unintentionally etc. 621.22.
157. Potence
(See 158. Impotence; also 159. Strength)
1. n. potence, potency, potentiality,
power, powerfulness etc. adj., might,
force, vigor, puissance [poetic], dint;
powder, soup, steam [all slang] ; cogence
or cogency, validity [rare] ; horsepower;
force of inertia, vis inertiae; dead force,
vis mortua [L.] ; living force, ins viva
[L.] ; force of life, vis vitae [L.] ; vis vi~
tails [L.], vital principle, jiva [Hindu] ;
full force, full blast; potential energy,
dynamic energy etc. (energy) 171 ;
strength etc. (degree of power) 159 ; pre-
potency, predominance etc. (superior-
ity) 33; sway, control etc. (authority)
737-
2. n. ability, ableness, enablement, cap-
ability, capableness, capacity, efficiency,
efficacy, sufficiency, adequacy, compe-
tence ; the stuff, the goods, what it takes
[all slang]; susceptibility; proficiency,
qualification, faculty, endowment etc.
(skill) 698.
3. n. pulling power, pull, draw, drag,
attraction ; attraction of gravitation, grav-
itation, gravity ; magnetic or electrical at-
traction, magnetic force, magnetism, mag-
netization, magnetification [rare] ; mag-
netic field, magnetic curves, magnetic fig-
ures, magnetic flux, magnetic dip or in-
clination, magnetic variation or declina-
tion, magnetic viscosity, magnetic induc-
tion; allurement etc. 617.
4. n. force of friction, coefficient of fric-
tion, starting friction, rolling friction, in-
ternal friction, force of viscosity, mag-
netic friction.
5. n. omnipotence or ornnipotency,
almightiness ; unlimited power, carte
blanche [F.].
6. v. be able etc. adj., lie or be in one's
power, can; cut her, cut the mustard,
make the grade [all slang].
157. They can because they think they can.
VERGIL. No one knows what he can do till
he tries. PUBLILIUS. Man's capacities have
never been measured. THOREAU. Power
when wielded by abnormal energy is the most
serious of facts H. ADAMS. Give me a
lever long enough, and a fulcrum strong enough,
157.7-158.8
86
7. v. empower, give or confer power,
enable, invest, endue, endow, arm; in-
tensify, give increasing power or energy,
key up; step up, hop up, jazz up [all
slang] ; commission etc. 7554; permit
etc. 760.3, 4; strengthen etc. 159.8.
8. adj. potent, potential [rare] ; power-
ful, mighty, mightful [arch.], forcible,
forceful, dynamic, vigorous, hefty [coll.],
puissant ; high-powered, high-geared,
high-pressure ; cogent, valid [rare] ; mul-
tipotent [rare] ; plenipotent [rare], plen-
ipotentiary ; omnipotent, almighty ; armi-
potent; strong etc. 159.10-13; energetic
etc. 171.9; prepotent, predominant etc.
(influential) 175.10; productive etc.
168.7.
9. adj. able, able to cut the mustard
[slang], capable, equal or up to, compe-
tent, adequate, effective, effectual, effi-
cient, efficacious ; qualified, proficient etc.
(skillful) 698.11-15.
10. adv. etc. potently etc. adj. ; by vir-
tue of, by dint of; to the best of one's
power, so far as one can, as best one can,
a toute force [F.].
158. Impotence
(See 157. Potence; also 160. Weakness)
1. n. impotence, impotency, powerless-
ness, unableness etc. adj. ; inability, dis-
ability, disablement, impuissance [rare],
caducity, imbecility, incapacity, incapa-
bility, incompetence or incompetency, in-
adequacy, insufficiency ; inefficience or in-
efficiency, inefficacy, inefficacity [rare],
ineffectualness, ineffectually ; ineptitude,
inaptitude ; unfitness, disqualification, in-
validity; indocility; weakness etc. 160;
failure etc. 732; unproductiveness etc.
169; uninfluentiality etc. I75a; inutility
etc. 645.
2. n. helplessness etc. adj. ; prostration,
paralysis, palsy, apoplexy, syncope, sid-
eration fobs.], vincibility, deliquium, col-
lapse, exhaustion, softening of the brain,
senility, superannuation, atony, decrepi-
tude, imbecility, neurasthenia, inverte-
and single-handed I can move the world.
ARCHIMEDES. Causa latet vis est notissima
[While the cause is hidden the force is very
well known]. OVID. The powerful grace
that lies / In herbs, plants, stones, and their
true qualities. SHAKESPEARE.
158. If wild and weak desires ... rob the
c *i of power. A. NOYES. The raging im-
bracy, inanition, emasculation, orchot-
omy.
3. n. impotent, incapable, incompe-
tent; telum imbelle [L.], brutum fuhnen
[L.], blank cartridge, dud [slang], flash
in the pan, vox et praeterea nihil [L.],
dead letter, bit of waste paper, dummy,
Quaker gun ; eunuch ; cripple etc. 655.20 ;
idiot etc. 501.1 ; misfit etc. 24.4 ; weakling
etc. 160.4.
4. v. be impotent etc. adj., not have a
leg to stand on ; cannot, cannot do ; can't
come it or cut her, be unable to cut the
mustard, not make the grade [all slang] ;
not be effective, not take [slang] ; attempt
the impossible, vouloir roinpre I'angniHe
au genou [F.] etc. 471.5.
5. v. collapse, cave in, break down;
faint, swoon, fall into a swoon, drop ; end
in smoke etc. (fail) 732.5.
6. v. render powerless etc. adj., depo-
tentiate [rare], deprive of power, disable,
disenable, disarm, incapacitate, disqual-
ify, unfit, invalidate, disinvigorate [rare] ,
unsinew, undermine, deaden, cramp,
double up, prostrate, paralyze, muzzle,
silence, cripple, becripple, maim, lame,
hamstring, hock, hough, handcuff.
tie the hands, hog-tie [coll., U.S.],
draw the teeth of, clip the wings of, put
hors de combat [F.], spike the guns,
spike, put a spoke in one's wheels, take
the wind out of one's sails, scotch the
snake, break the neck or back of, unhinge,
put out of gear ; throttle, strangle, get a
strangle hold on, garrote or garrotte ; ki-
bosh, put the kibosh on [both slang] ;
ratten [trade-union cant] ; weaken etc.
160.8; render useless etc. 645.7; impair
etc. 659.8 ; checkmate etc. 731.10.
7. v, unman, unnerve, unbrace, ener-
vate, devitalize ; emasculate, evirate
[rare] ; castrate, geld etc. 38.7; effemi-
nize etc. i6oa.4; dishearten etc. 837.8.
8. adj. impotent, powerless, forceless,
mightless [arch.], unable, incapable, in-
competent; inefficient, ineffective, ineffi-
cacious ; inept, inapt, unapt ; unfit, unfit-
ted; unendowed, unqualified, disquali-
fied ; disabled, crippled etc. v. ; disjointed,
out of joint, out of gear, unhinged ; water-
logged ; rudderless ; on one's beam-ends,
on one's back, prostrate ; spent, exhaust-
potency of woe, HOMER. O most lame
and impotent conclusion! SHAKESPEARE.
Young men have a passion for regarding their
elders as senile. H, ADAMS.
ed; done for, done up, done up brown,
done brown, done, dead-beat [all coll.] ;
hors de combat [F.] , out of the battle, laid
on the shelf ; decrepit, senile, doddering
[coll.] , superannuated ; weak etc. 160.10-
15; harmless etc. 648,13; uninfluential
etc. I75a.2; unproductive etc. 1894; in-
firm etc.^ 655,23 ; insufficient etc. 640.8,
9. adj. helpless, defenseless, fenceless
[arch.], aidless; indefensible, untenable,
without a leg to stand on ; pregnable, vul-
nerable, vincible, conquerable, surmount-
able; unfriended, friendless, fatherless,
guideless; paralytic, paralyzed, palsied,
atonic, imbecile; weaponless, unguarded
etc. (unprotected) 665.9; graveled
[coll.] etc, (in difficulty) 704.11; un-
aided etc, 160,15.
10. adj. unmanned, unnerved, ener-
vated^ devitalized, demoralized; nerve-
less, sinewless, marrowless, pithless, lust-
less ; emasculate, evirate [obs.] ; disheart-
ened etc. 837.9,
11. adj f nugatory, nugacious ; vain, fu-
tile, unavailing, bootless, sleeveless [now
dial.], empty, inane; fatuous, fatuitous,
of no force, inoperative, ineffectual, in-
effective, invalid; effete, barren, sterile;
invertebrate, invertebral; good-for-noth-
ing, of no use etc. (useless) 645.8 ; inade-
quate etc, (insufficient) 640.8; of little
consequence, trivial, worthless etc. (un-
important) 643.10-12; unsubstantial etc.
4-5-
I58a. Electricity
i. n. electricity, electric current, stream
of electricity, current, fluid, electric fluid,
juice [slang] ; conduction current, con-
vection current, displacement current;
spark, electric spark ; negative electricity,
positive electricity; dynamical ~ 7 voltaic
or current electricity, voltaism; galva-
nism, galvanization.
magnetoelectricity, electromagnetism ;
electromotion ; electromotivity, magneto-
motivity; electromotive force, electric
horsepower; electric field, electrostatic
field; electric radiation, electric or elec-
tromagnetic wave, electric pulse ; electric
attraction, electric repulsion ; electric re-
sistance; magnetism etc. 157.3; telegra-
?u It was Watt who told King George III
that he dealt in an article of which kings were
said to be fond^-Power/ EMERSON, A ma-
chine that is like the tools of the Titans put in
phy, telephony, radiophony etc. 532a.i ;
electric light etc. (luminary) 423.3; il-
luminant etc. 420,15 ; fuel etc. 388,
2. n. electrification, electricization,
electrization,
3. n. (science of electricity) electrics,
electromechanics, electrotechnics, electro-
technology, electrometry ; electrophysiol-
ogy, electrochemistry, electrobiology,
electrobioscopy, electroballistics, electro-
metallurgy, electropathy, electrothera-
peutics, electrotherapy, electrothermics,
electrothermancy, magnetology.
4. n. circuit, path; complete circuit,
loop [cant], closed circuit, live circuit,
live wire or rail ; open or broken circuit,
break, dead circuit ; branch or lateral cir-
cuit, leg [cant] ; multiple circuit or con-
nection, multiple series, series multiple or
parallel; multiplex circuit, mux [cant] ;
circuital field, vector field,
5. n. (electric and magnetic units)
amperage, ohmage, voltage, wattage ; am-
pere, amp [cant], coulomb, farad, henry,
joule, erg, ohm, volt, watt, kilowatt ; meg-
ampere, megacoulomb, megafarad, mega-
joule, megohm, megavolt, megawatt ;
electron, proton ; electron volt, equivalent
volt ; volt-coulomb ; kilocycles, kilos
[cant] ; megacycles, megs [cant] ; am-
pere turn, ampere-foot, ampere-hour, am-
pere-minute, ampere-second, kilowatt-
hour, watt-hour, ohm-mile.
unit magnetic flux, maxwell, unit flux
density, unit intensity of magnetization,
gauss, unit magnetic moment, unit mag-
netic pole, unit magnetic tube of force,
unit tube of electric force, unit magneto-
motive force, magnetic potential, unit
permeability, unit reluctance, oersted,
unit reluctivity, unit susceptibility, unit
capacity, unit current, unit electromotive
force, unit energy, unit power, unit quan-
tity or charge, unit capacity, unit induc-
tance, unit resistance, unit dielectric con-
stant, unit difference of potential.
6. n. (instruments) electric or electric-
ity meter, electrometer, dynometer, elec-
trodynamometer, galvanometer, magne-
tometer, rheorneter, variometer, vo^tame-
ter, voltanimeter, voltmeter, ammeter,
amperemeter, wattmeter, watt-hour me-
ter, ohmmeter, ohm-ammeter, megohm-
meter, coulomb meter, coulometer, elep*
your hands. C FERGUSON. Electricity'
greatest servant of man, itself unknown. <C W.
ELIOT.
158a.6~1595
trostatic voltmeter, multicellular volt-
meter; electroscope, galvanoscope, mag-
netoscope; circuit breaker, air circuit
breaker, oil circuit breaker, multiple
breaker, reverse circuit breaker, deion
circuit breaker; transformer, pot [cant],
multiple transformer; step-down trans-
former, step-up transformer [both cant] ;
rotary, rotary converter; resistor, chok-
ing coil, choker [cant] ; resistance box,
stove [cant].
photoelectric cell, electric eye ; electric
clock, electric drill, electric heater, elec-
tric furnace, electric organ, electric eleva-
tor, electric iron, electric shovel, electric
hammer, electric lock, electric refrigera-
tor, electric thermometer, electric pen,
electric resonator, electric switch, electro-
pneumatic switch, electropneumatic con-
troller, electric railway, electrophone,
electromagnet, electrophorus, electrolyte,
electrolytic cell, electrolytic interrupter,
electrolytic rectifier.
battery, bat [slang], storage battery,
dry cell ; voltaic pile, galvanic pile, Volta's
pile, electric column ; armature, arm
[cant] ; rotary gap, grinder [cant] ; plug,
floor plug, pocket [cant] ; plugging box,
pig [cant] ; rheostat, rheo [cant] ; safety
belt, harness [cant] ; climbing irons, spurs
[cant], gaffs [cant]; telephone, tele-
graph, radio etc. 532a.5.
7. n. electric motor, electromotor ; dy-
namo, dynamotor; generator, electric
generator, motor generator ; electric loco-
motive, trolley car, electromobile ; series
motor; magnetoelectric machine, mag-
neto, mag [slang].
8. n. electric cable or wire, conductor,
juice string [slang] ; telephone wire, buzz
wire [slang] ; lead, high line [cant] ; live
wire, hot stuff [slang] ; connecting cable
or wire, juniper.
9. n. cable pole, telephone or telegraph
pole, stick [cant], mast [cant] ; dummy
pole, dead man or deadman [cant] ;
crossbar, crossarm, mast arm [cant].
10. n. electrician, electrifier, electri-
cizer, electrizer, electragist, electrotech-
nician, circuitman; juicer, juice hand,
sparks [all slang] ; maintenance man,
trouble man, trouble shooter [coll.] ; line-
man, rigger, pole hiker [cant], ground-
man, grunt or grunter [slang] ; radio
electrician, radiotrician; electrical engi-
neer; galvanist; electrician or linemen
crew, juice gang [slang].
11. v. electrify, electricize, electrize;
electrolyze ; magnetize, electromagnetize ;
galvanize ; energize ; shock ; generate, os-
cillate [cant] ; increase or decrease in po-
tential, step up or down [cant] ; increase
the ratio of inductance, stiffen [cant] ; ap-
ply full voltage, full up [cant] ; establish
a circuit, plug in, loop in [cant] ; switch
or turn on, turn on the juice [slang], hit
it [cant] ; switch or turn off, turn off or
pull the juice [slang], kill it [cant] ; turn
on the light etc. (light) 420.21 ; turn off
the light etc. (extinguish) 421.6.
12. adj. electric(al), electriferous, elec-
trifying; electroscopic, electrometric(al),
electrostatic (al), electrodynamic, electro-
kinetic, electroreceptive ; electropositive,
electronegative, positive, negative ; elec-
tromagnetic, magnetic, magnetoelec-
tric (al) ; galvanic, galvanometric, gal-
vanoscopic; electromotive, magnetomo-
tive; dynamoelectric(al) ; dynamic (al),
static, potential; voltametric, voltaic;
ohmic; multiplex, diplex, duplex.
159. Strength
(See 160. Weakness; also 157. Potence)
Degree of Power. i. n. strength,
strongness [rare], vigor, force, puis-
sance [poetic], might, vitality; physical
strength or force, main or brute force ; ro-
bustness, stoutness, lustiness, lustihood ;
muscular strength, muscle, beef [coll.],
brawn, brawniness, sinew or sinews,
thews, thews and sinews, strong arm, ro-
bust or rugged physique; stamina, guts
[slang], nerve, grit, pith, pithiness;
spring, elasticity, tension, tone, tonicity ;
solidity, firmness; power etc. (potence)
157; energy etc. 171 ; resolution etc. 604.
2. n. strengthening etc. v., invigora-
tion, reinvigoration, enlivenment, exhil-
aration, stimulation, verification, revivi-
fication, refreshment, refocillation [rare].
3. n. (science of forces) dynamics,
statics.
4. n. (comparisons) adamant, steel,
iron, oak, heart of oak, iron grip, bone.
5. n. feats of strength, athletics, ath-
leticism, gymnastics, acrobatics, acrobat-
159. The vigor of his arm was never vain.
DRYDEN. Inflexible in faith, invincible in
arms. BEATTIE. God, give me hills to climb
/ And strength for climbing! GUITERMAN
Deos fortioribus adesse [The gods assist the
stronger]. TACITUS. It is excellent / To
89
ism, agonistics, calisthenics, palaestra,
palaestrics [rare].
6. n. strong man, tower of strength;
roarer, snorter, muscle man, man moun-
tain, big bruiser, big beef [all slang] ; ath-
lete, gymnast, acrobat; wrestler, palaes-
trian ; pancratist, pancratiast ; giant, giant
refreshed ; Goliath, Atlas, Hercules, An-
taeus, Samson, Cyclops, Briareus, colos-
sus, Polyphemus, Titan, Brobdingnagian,
Tarzan.
7. v. be strong etc. adj., have the goods
or stuff [slang] ; not weaken, not let it
get one clown [slang], take it [slang,
\j .o . j .
8. v. strengthen, render strong etc.
adj., give strength etc. n. f invigorate,
vigor [obs. exc. dial.], potentiate [rare],
brace, fortify, buttress, sustain, harden,
caseharden, steel, gird, gird or brace up
one's loins ; brace up, screw up, wind up,
set up, set on one's legs [coll.] ; vivify,
vivificate [rare], quicken, animate, ex-
hilarate, stimulate; restrengthen, rein-
force, reinvigorate, recruit, revive etc.
(refresh) 689.2 ; energize etc. 171.7 ; em-
power etc. 157.7.
g. v. exert strength etc. n. 9 move by
muscular force, muscle [dial] , put plenty
of beef into [slang] ; use force on, strong-
arm [coll.].
10. adj. strong, strengthy [Scot, and
North. Eng.], mighty, vigorous, forcible,
puissant, stout, hefty [coll.], rugged,
hale, sturdy, stubborn [obs.], husky
[coll.], doughty [arch, or joe.], hardy,
hard, hard as nails, adamantine, lusty,
strapping, stalwart; robust, robustious
[joe.] ; able-bodied, well-knit, broad-
shouldered; muscular, beefy [coll.],
brawny; wiry, sinewy, sinewous [rare] ;
strong as a lion, /-^ ox or horse, strong
as brandy, strong as strong; Herculean,
Briarean, Brobdingnagian, Cyclopean,
Atlantean, titanic; able, powerful etc.
(potent) ^ 1 57.8, 9.
11. adj. athletic, gymnastic, acrobatic,
agonistic; palaestral, palaestrian.
12. adj. sound, firm, stout, stanch,
stable, deep-rooted, valid; sound as a
have a giant's strength ; but it is tyrannous / To
use it as a giant SHAKESPEARE. Vires ac~
guirit eundo [It gains strength as it goes].
VERGIL. Don't hit at all if it is honorably
possible to avoid hitting; but never hit soft.
T. ROOSEVELT. Caelitus wihi vires [My
strength is of the heaven].
1595-160.1
roach, firm as Gibraltar, made of iron ; in
fine or high feather [coll.], like a giant
refreshed; proof, weatherproof, rust-
proof etc. ; healthy etc. 654.4.
13. adj. unweakenecl, undiminished,
unallayed, unflagging, unfaded, unwith-
ered, unshaken, unworn, unexhausted ; in
full force or swing, going strong [slang] ;
in the plenitude of power.
14. adv. strongly etc. adj. ; by force, by
main or brute force, by or with the strong
arm or hand.
iSga. Virility
(See i6oa. Effeminacy)
1. n. virility, virileness, masculinity,
ultramasculinity, manliness, manlihood
[rare], manhood [arch.], mannishness,
manfulness, manlikeness, manly vigor or
power.
2. n. virilizing etc. v., virilization, viri-
fication, masculinization.
3. n. virile person, virile, masculine,
masculine man or woman, strongly virile
man, he-man [coll.], two-fisted man
[coll., U.S.], man with hair on his chest
[joe.] ; cave man [joe.] ; tomboy, hoyden.
4. v. make virile etc. adj., virilize, vi-
rilify, virify, masculinize, mannify, de-
womanize.
5. adj. virile, masculine, ultra-mascu-
line, manly, manlike, manful, mannish,
he-mannish [coll.], mannified, two-fisted
[coll.], broad-shouldered, hairy-chested
[joe.], uneffeminate, unfeminine, un-
womanly, in the prime of manhood ; viri-
potent; male etc. 373.7; sturdy, lusty etc.
(strong) 159.10.
1 60. Weakness
(See 159. Strength; also 158. Impotence)
i. n. weakness, weakliness, feebleness,
strengthlessness, unstrength [dial.], de-
bility, debilitation, infirmity, infirmness,
decrepitude; frailty, frailness, fragility,
159a. Men of great abilities are generally of
a large and vigorous animal nature. H. TAY-
LOR. His limbs were cast in manly mould, /
For hardy sports or contest bold. SCOTT.
160. All hands shall be feeble, and all knees
shall be weak as water. BIBLE. Weak as a
rained-on bee. TORRENCE. The weak broth-
er is the worst of mankind. STEVEKSON.
Now in building of chaises, I tell you what, /
There is always somewhere a weakest spot
HOLMES. He knows not how to wink at tm-
160.1 ~160a.l
90
flimsiness, gimcrackiness [coll.], unsub-
stantiality, delicacy ; unsteadiness, shaki-
ness etc. adj., weewows [dial.] ; lack of
vigor, faintness, languor, relaxation, las-
situde, dullness, sluggishness; atony,
asthenia, adynamia, adynamy [rare],
cachexia or cachexy [all Med.] ; impo-
tence etc. 158; fault etc. 651.2.
2. n. weakening etc, v., ertfeeblement,
enervation, declension ^, loss or failure
of strength ; invalidation.
3. n. anemia, bloodlessness, deficiency
or poverty of blood.
4. n. weakling, weak sister [coll.],
asthenic, softling [obs.], softy [slang,
U.S.], tenderling [rare], jellyfish, in-
vertebrate, weathercock, chicken [coll.],
squab, canary [slang], baby, big baby,
milksop, namby-pamby, push-over [slang,
U.S.], lightweight, poor or weak tool
[coll.] , doormat ; mollycoddle etc. i6oa.3 ;
impotent etc. 158,3.
5. n. (comparisons) reed, thread, rope
of sand, hair ; house of cards, house built
on sand ; jerry-built house, jerryism
[builders' cant]; baby, kitten, chicken;
water, milk and water, gruel, water gruel,
cambric tea.
6. v. be weak etc. adj., shake, tremble,
totter, teeter, dodder; halt, limp; be on
one's last legs, have one foot in the grave.
7. v. weaken, become weak etc. adj. }
grow weak or weaker, lose strength etc.
159; drop, crumble, give way, fade, lan-
guish, decline, flag, fail, go downhill, go
on the toboggan [slang, U.S.] ; give out,
conk out [slang, U.S.], fizzle out [coll.],
peg out [slang], peter out [coll.], play
out, poop out [slang] ; die oil the vine
[coll.].
8. v. render weak etc. adj., deprive of
strength etc. 159, unstrengthen, weaken,
enfeeble, debilitate, extenuate, invalidate,
devitalize, incapacitate, shake, Unstring,
sap, impair, reduce, impoverish, exhaust,
take it out of [coll.] ; sprain, strain ; blunt,
blunt the edge of; decimate; reduce in
strength, reduce the strength of ; cripple,
enervate etc. (render powerless) 158.6,
7; moderate etc. 174.5.
9. v. dilute, thin, reduce, attenuate,
rarefy, water, add water, irrigate [slang] ,
baptize [slang], cut [coll], mettre de
I'eau dans son vin [F.].
man frailty, / Or pardon weakness that he never
fdt,--Aiasow. There are two kinds of
10. adj. weak, weakly; debilitated, de-
bilitating, debile [obs.] ; asthenic [Med.],
feeble, unstrong [dial] , strengthless, sap-
less, marrowless, pithless, nerveless, sin-
ewless, lustless, adynamic [Tech.] ; un-
hardened, soft [spec, coll.], flaccid; faint,
faintish; dull, slack, languid, drooping,
laid low, spent, effete.
weak as, a child or baby, weak as a kit-
ten or cat, weak as a chicken, weak as a
mouse or rat, weak as a rag, limp or lim-
ber as a dishrag, weak as water, weak as
milk and water, weak as gruel or water
gruel, weak as a drink of water, weak as
cambric tea, weak as gingerbread ; on its
or one's last legs, with one foot in the
grave ; weakened, diluted etc. v. ; impo-
tent, powerless, unnerved etc. 158.8-11;
colorless etc. 429.6; effeminate etc,
n* adj. frail, slight, delicate, dainty,
fragile, frangible, breakable, shattery,
crazy [arch,], unsubstantial, unstable,
flimsy, slimsy [coll., U,S,], sleazy, gossa-
mery, papery, pasteboardy ; ghncrack,
gimcracky [coll.] ; gingerbread, ginger-
bready; jerry-built, jerry [builders'
cant].
1 2. adj. unsteady, shaky, rickety, rick-
etish, teetery, tottery, tottering, tottlish
[coll.], dotty [coll.], rocky [slang], dod-
dering [coll.], watnbly [Scot, and dial.
Eng.] ; weewow, weewowy [dial.] ;
cranky, craichy [dial*].
13. adj. unsound, unstable, unsubstan-
tial, infirm, decrepit ; poor, poorish ;
wasted, worn etc. (impaired) 659.12.
14. adj. wishy-washy, washy, namby-
pamby, insipid, watery, milk-and-water,
mushy*
15. adj. unstrengthened etc. (see
strengthen etc. 159.8), unsupported, un-
aided, unassisted ; aidless, defenseless etc.
(helpless) 158.9.
i6oa. Effeminacy
(See 1593. Virility)
i. n. effeminacy, effeminateness, femi-
nacy, femininity, feminity, femineity,
feminality, feminility [rare], muliebrity,
weakness, that which breaks and that which
bends. LOWELL. Throughout all past time
there has been a Ceaseless devouring of the
weak by the strong. SPENCER.
160a. Art thou a man? Thy form cries out thoii
art; thy tears are womanish, 'S
91
16Qa.l- 161.6
womanity, womanishness, womanliness,
unmanliness, sissiness [coll.] ; old-
womanishness, anility etc. (senility)
499^5-
2. n. effeminizing etc. v., effemination,
effeminization, feminization, womaniza-
tion, sissification [coll.].
3. n. mollycoddle, effeminate, woman,
old wife or woman, grandmother, crone
[rare], tenderling, sop, milksop, smock-
face [arch,], mother's darling, mamma's
boy, betty, cotquean [arch.], henhussy,
tame cat or pussy, Little Lord Fauntle-
roy [all contemptuous] ; sissy, prissy
[U.S.], molly, Molly, Miss Molly, Percy,
muff, cot betty [U.S.], chicken, goody,
goody-goody [all coll.] ; cream puff
[U.S.], powder puff, lady finger, lily, ef-
fie [U.S.], panty- waist [U.S.], weak sis-
ter [all slang] ; soft, softy [both coll.] ;
weakling etc. 160.4.
4. v. make effeminate etc. adj, } effemi-
nize, effeminatize, effeminate, feminize,
womanize,, womanish fobs.], sissify
[coll.], demasculinize ; unman etc. 158.7.
5. adj. effeminate, feminate [obs.],
feminine, muliebrous, muliebrile, mulie-
bral [rare], ladylike, womanlike, woman-
ish, womanly, unmanly, smock-faced
[arch.] , sissy or sissyish [coll.] , petticoat,
soft; female etc. 374.11; old-womanish,
puerile etc. (senile) 499.16; weak etc.
160.10.
161. Production
(See 162. Destruction; also 163. Repro-
duction, 164. Producer, 168. Produc-
tiveness)
i. n. production, producing etc. v. 9
creation, origination, construction, forma-
tion, efformation [rare], conformation,
fabrication, manufacture; coinage; di-
aster [JBioL] ; building, architecture, erec-
tion, edification [arch.] ; constitution, es-
tablishment, organization ; invention, con-
coction, composition ; creative effort,
nisns formativus [L.] ; workmanship,
performance, execution, effectuation ;
sculpture; causation etc. 153.5; achieve-
ment etc. (completion) 729 ; preparation
etc. 673 ; authorship etc. 54.2, 590.3.
A woman impudent and mannish grown is not
more loathed than an effeminate man in time
of action. SHAKESPEARE. Fops at all cor-
ners, ladylike in mien. COWPER.
161. It will not out of the flesh that is bred
in the bone. J. HEYWOOD. A man is not
2. n. generation, genesis, geniture
[obs.] ; progeneration, procreation, prop-
agation, multiplication, reproduction,
begetting, fertilization, gemination, ger-
mination, fecundation, fructification
[rare], impregnation, breeding; polli-
nization, pollination; cross-pollination,
cross-fertilization, xenogamy; prolifera-
tion; spontaneous generation.
archigenesis, archebiosis, abiogenesis,
biogenesis, biogeny, blastogenesis, phyto-
genesis, dysmerogenesis, eumerogenesis,
heterogenesis, xenogenesis, oogenesis,
merogenesis, metagenesis, monogenesis,
pangenesis, parthenogenesis, homogene-
sis, histogenesis, orthogenesis, isogenesis,
epigenesis, digenesis, heterogamy, or-
thogamy, isogamy, dissogeny, xenogeny,
theogony ; copulation etc. (coition) 43.2 ;
reproduction etc. 163.
3. n. birth, genesis, nativity, childbirth,
parturition, delivery, hatching; act of
God [joe.], blessed event [slang, U.S.] ;
incubation; confinement, childbed, ac-
couchement [F.] ; birth throe, travail,
labor; obstetrics, midwifery, tocology,
tocogony; stork; Ilithyia [Rom. Myth.],
Eileithyia [Gr. Myth.], Juno Lucinia
[Rom. Myth.] ; pregnancy etc. 168.2 ;
afterbirth etc. (afterpart) 65,2; begin-
ning etc. 66.2.
4. n. flowering, blossoming, florescence,
efflorescence, inflorescence, unfolding ;
fruition, fructification.
5. n, evolution, development, unfold-
ment, growth, rise, maturation ; entelech}
[Philos.], phylogeny or phylogenesis, on-
togeny or ontogenesis, physiogeny or
physiogenesis, mitosis, vacuolation or
vacuolization ; evolutionism, theory of
evolution, Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism,
Haeckelism, Lamarckism or Lamarckian-
ism, Neo-Lamarckism, Weismannism ;
Spencerianism.
6. n. product, result, production, per-
formance, produce, fruit, flower, blossom,
yield, work, ceuvre [ F. ] , handiwork, crea-
tion, creature, offspring, outgrowth ; orig-
ination, invention, coinage; concoction,
composition; opus (pL opera), opuscule ;
aria etc. (music) 415.2, 3; writing etc
590.3; book etc. 593; publication etc.
531 ; work of art etc. 556.8-14 ; effect etc.
154.
completely born until he be dead. FRANKLIN.
Bred amongst the weeds and tares of mine own
brain. T. BROWNE. That irregular and in-
161.7-162.4
92
y. n. structure, construction, building,
edifice, erection, fabric; superstructure,
superstruction [rare] ; pile, tower; corn-
pages.
8. v. produce, perform, operate, do,
bring about, make, create, gar [obs.],
form, formulate, construct, compose,
evolve, fashion, fabricate, frame, devise,
concoct, get up, compound, contrive,
manufacture; build, erect, edify [arch.],
put together or up, set up, run up ; raise,
rear, grow; establish, found, constitute,
institute, install, organize ; weave, forge,
coin, carve, chisel ; roughhew, knock to-
gether, knock out [coll.], hammer out,
block out, slap up [coll.], do offhand;
induce, originate etc. (cause) 153.6, 7;
accomplish etc. (complete) 729.2; vivify
etc. 359.8 ; prepare etc. 673.6.
9. v. bear, yield, produce, furnish;
flower, blossom, sprout, burgeon; fruit,
bear fruit, fructify ; usher into the world,
bring forth ; bring forth young, give birth,
prolify [rare], teem, yean, ean [dial],
kindle [chiefly dial.], come in [coll.,
U.S.], find [dial.] ; drop, spring, throw
[all of animals] ; baby [slang], pup,
whelp, cub, kitten, foal, calve, lamb, fawn ;
spawn, spat; miscarry, slink, sling; be
born on the wrong side of the blanket,
come in through a side door [both slang] ;
be profitable etc. 775.10.
10. v. generate, beget, get, engender,
breed, reproduce, procreate, progenerate
[rare], propagate, multiply; proliferate;
give origin or rise to, give being to, bring
or call into being or existence, hatch,
breed; fecundate, impregnate etc. (make
productive) 168.4; copulate etc. 43.8;
reproduce etc. 163.2.
n. adj. productional, constructional,
creational, formational ; manufactural,
manufacturing; producible, productible,
causable; productive, constructive, crea-
tive, formative, fabricative, originative,
demiurgic, demiurgeous ; generant, gen-
erative, genetive, genetic [erroneous us-
age], genial [rare], genital; gametic,
gametal; digenetic, heterogenetic, onto-
genetic, xenogenetic etc. n. ; ectogenous ;
gamic; hematobious or haematobious,
hematobic or haematobic, sporogenous,
sporophorous ; fruitful, procreative etc.
168.7, 8; original, causative etc. (causal)
153.9.
12. adj. architectural, architecton-
ic (al) ; structural, constructional, edifi-
cial.
13. adj. made, fashioned etc. v. ; coun-
try-made, tailor-made, well-made etc. ;
homemade, homespun, handmade, self-
made.
162. Destruction
(See 161. Production; also 165. Destroyer)
1. n. destruction, demolition, demolish-
nient, ruin, ruination, wrack [arch, or
Scot.], wrack and ruin, perdition, havoc,
ravage, devastation, desolation, waste,
consumption ; blue ruin, ballyhack, bally-
wack, bally wrack, flinderation [all
slang] ; dissolution, breakup, breaking
up, disruption, disorganization ; fall,
downfall, eboulement [F.], prostration;
overthrow-, overturn, bouleversement
[ F. ] , subversion, suppression ; biblio-
clasm ; sacrifice ; sabotage ; destructive in-
cursion, razzia ; incendiarism ; mutual
destruction, a case of dog eat dog [slang] .
road to ruin, beginning of the end, com-
mencement de la fin [F.] ; abrogation etc.
756 ; impairment, decay, dilapidation etc.
(deterioration) 659; waste etc. 638; loss
etc. 776.
2. n. extinction, extermination, extir-
pation, elimination, eradication, annihila-
tion, extinguishment, abolishment, aboli-
tion, kibosh [slang], washout [slang],
curtains [slang, U.S.] ; knockout, K.O.
[slang] , knockout blow ; doom, crack of
doom; death etc. 360; end etc. 67.
3. n. debacle, debacle [F.] ; cataclysm,
catastrophe; breakup, breakdown, col-
lapse, utter collapse, crash, smash, smash -
up, wreck, wrack [arch, or Scot.], ship-
wreck [fig.], crack-up [coll.] ; cave, cave-
in [both coll.] ; washout ; upheaval, erup-
tion etc. (outburst) 173.2.
4. v. destroy, deal destruction etc. n. }
demolish, ruin, ruinate, lay in ruins or
ashes, lay waste, desolate, devastate, rav-
age, wreck, shipwreck [fig.] ; break or
cut up, batter, smash, crash, crush, crum-
ple up; laniate [rare], mutilate, shatter,
shiver, break ^, tear ^, crush <**>, cut
timate quality of things made entirely by the
human hand. W. GATHER. 'Tis wise to learn ;
'tis God-like to create. J. SAXE.
162. Delenda est Carthago [Carthage must be
destroyed]. CATO THE ELDER. To build up
cities an age is needed, but an hour destroys
93
- ', shake ~, pull or pick to pieces, flin-
derate [slang] , break (all) to flinderation
[slang], break (all) to smithers or smith*
ereens [chiefly coll.], tear to rags or tat-
ters, crush or knock to atoms, make
mincemeat of.
exterminate, annihilate, abolish, eradi-
cate, extirpate, deracinate [rare], do or
make away with, put an end to, do for
[coll.], finish or finish off [chiefly coll.],
fix [coll.], cook [slang], kibosh [slang],
put the kibosh on [slang], deal a death-
blow to, lay out [slang], knock out, K.O.
[slang], deal a knock-out blow, seal the
doom of, confound [arch.], dish [slang"
bring to naught or nought, napoo [slang"
put out of existence, wipe out [coll."
wipe up [slang], stamp or trample out,
pull or pluck up by the roots, cut up root
and branch, strike at the root of, lay the
ax to the root of, make short work of,
make a clean sweep.
throw overboard, fling or scatter to the
winds, throw or cast to the dogs; oblit-
erate, blot out, strike out, erase, cancel,
cut short, cut out, take off, expunge, de-
lete, dele, remove, sweep away; extin-
guish, douse [dial, and coll.], quench,
squench [dial.], snuff out, put out, out
[dial, and coll.] ; nip, nip in the bud or
head; cook one's goose or bacon [coll],
settle one's hash [coll. ] , drive to the dogs ;
raze, fell, level, level with the ground or
dust, pull or tear down, break down, cut
down, knock down or over, mow down,
blow down, beat down.
undo, unbuild, dismantle, dismast, un-
rig [chiefly Naut.] ; overthrow, overturn,
overwhelm, throw down or over, upset,
subvert ; suppress, quash, squash [chiefly
coll.], squelch [coll.], put down, quell,
prostrate, lay or trample in the dust, tread
or trample underfoot, lay by the heels;
dispel, dissipate, dissolve ; disrupt, disor-
ganize; sink, scuttle, swamp, engulf or
ingulf, submerge; blow up, blast; mine,
spring a mine ; gut, gut with fire, ravage
with fire and sword ; devour, swallow up ;
nullify, annul etc. (abrogate) 756.3 ; im-
pair etc. 659.8 ; discard etc. 678.3.
them. SENECA. A forest is long in grow-
ing, but in a moment is jeduced to ashes.
SENECA. One minute gives invention to de-
stroy ; / What to rebuild will a whole age em-
ploy. CONGREVE. Havoc, and spoil, and
ruin are my gain. MILTON. A world devote
to universal wrack, MILTON. All men that
162.4-163.2
5. v. perish, be destroyed etc. adj., fall,
fall to the ground, tumble, topple, totter
or topple to its fall, tremble or nod to its
fall ; break up, crumble, crumble to dust,
go or fall to pieces ; go to ruin, go to wrack
and ruin, go to wreck, go to pot [coll.],
go to the dogs, go to perdition, go to
glory [coll.], go to smash, go all to smash
[coll.], go to shivers, go to shivereens
[Scot, and North. Eng.], go to smithers
or smithereens [chiefly coll.], go to the
wall, go by the board, go up the spout
[coll.], go under, be all over with, be
done for, be all up with [coll.] ; become
extinct etc. 2.5; deteriorate etc. 659.6;
fail etc. 732.5.
go to the deuce or devil, ^ to hell, ^
to sticks or to sticks and staves, go bung,
be all U.P. [all slang] .
6. adj. destructive, demolitionary, ru-
inous; internecine, internecive [rare];
extirpatory, annihilative, deletory [obs.] ;
subversive, subversionary ; incendiary,
conflagratrve [rare] ; catastrophic (al ) ,
cataclysmic or cataclysmal ; all-destroy-
ing, all-devouring, all-engulfing ; harmful
etc. 649.10; deadly, fatal etc. (mortal)
361.16.
7. adj. destroyed, perished etc. v. ; no
more, done for [coll.] etc. (extinct) 2.10;
lost etc. 776,5.
163. Reproduction
(See also 161. Production, 168. Produc-
tiveness)
1. n. reproduction, remaking etc. z/ v
reconstruction, re-establishment, refor-
mation, recreation, regeneration, regene-
sis, palingenesis ; resurgence, resurgency
[rare] ; procreation, propagation etc.
(generation) 161.2; reduplication etc.
(repetition) 104, (imitation) 19; reprint,
duplicate etc. (copy) 21 ; revival, reani-
mation etc. (restoration) 660. 1, 2.
2. v. reproduce, remake, make over, re-
are ruined are ruined on the side of their nat-
ural propensities. BURKE. While in the
progress of their long decay, / Thrones sink-
to dust, and nations pass away. F. HOWARD.
Round the decay / Of this colossal wreck.
SHELLEY. Prostrate the beauteous ruin lies;
and all / That shared its shelter, perish in its
fall. W. PITT.
163. Every generation needs regeneration.
C. H. SPURGEON. When man, with change-
less Nature coalescing, / Will undertake re-
generation's work. SHELLEY.
163.2-166.9
construct, refashion, re-establish, reform,
recreate, regenerate ; stir the embers ; put
into the crucible; procreate, propagate
etc. (generate) 1 6 i.io; repeat etc. 104.4;
duplicate etc. 19.5 ; revive, reanimate etc.
(restore) 660.8-14.
3. adj. reproductive, reconstructive, re-
formative, recreative, regenerative, pro-
genitive; renascent, resurgent, reappear-
ing ; Hydra-headed ; procreative etc.
168.8.
164. Producer
(See 165. Destroyer; also 161. Production,
1 68. Productiveness)
n. producer, creator, begetter, maker,
manufacturer, builder, architect, con-
structor, artificer, artijex [L.], genera-
tor, mover; originator, inventor, au-
thor, founder, introducer, deviser, prime
mover; executor, executrix; carpenter,
sailmaker etc. (craftsman) 690.5-9;
tailor, haberdasher, shoemaker etc.
(clothier) 225,36-40; grower, raiser etc.
(agriculturist) 371.2; writer etc. 593.15,
16; artist etc. 559.
165. Destroyer
(See 164. Producer; also 162. Destruction)
n. destroyer, destructor [rare], van-
dal, Hun ; miner, exterminator etc. (see
destroy, ruin, exterminate etc. 162.4) ;
biblioclast ; iconoclast, idoloclast ; nihil-
ist ; moth, worm etc. (blight) 663.2 ; killer
etc. 361.8; executioner etc. 975.5.
1 66. Ancestry
(See 167. Posterity)
1. n. ancestry, parentage, progenitor-
ship [rare] ; ancestors, antecedents,
fathers, forefathers, foreparents [dial],
forebears, progenitors, primogenitors,
grandparents, grandfathers, patriarchs;
consanguinity etc. n.
2. n. paternity, paternality, paternal-
ness, paternal parentage, fathership,
164. Where every man is his own architect.
BROWNING. The author and finisher of our
faith. BIBLE.
165. The Assyrian came down like the wolf
on the fold. BYRON.
166. He stands for fame on his forefathers' feet.
YOUNG. He who boasts of his descent,
praises the deeds of another. SENECA. The
pride of ancestry increases in the ratio of dis-
tance. G. CURTIS. Nothing like blood, sir,
94
fatherhood, fatherhead [obs.] ; paternal
headship or rule; Zeus [Gr. Myth.];
Jupiter, Jove [both Rom. Myth.] ; Odin
or Woden [Norse Myth.] ; Dyaus
[Hindu Myth.].
3. n. maternity, maternality, maternal-
ness, maternal parentage, mothership,
motherhood, motherhead [obs.] ; Rhea
[Gr. Myth.], Cybele [Myth.; Asia Mi-
nor, Gr. and Rom.],
4. n. extraction, derivation, birth, de-
scent, lineage, line, bloodline, line of an-
cestors, strain, sept, stirps, stock, breed,
progenity [rare], generation [rare] ;
pedigree, genealogy, genealogical tree,
family tree, tree, trunk, stem; filiation,
affiliation ; side ; male line, spear side ; fe-
male line, distaff or spindle side; family,
house etc. (race) 11.4; origin etc. 153.
5. n. parent, progenitor, genitor [rare] ,
procreator, begetter.
6. n. father, sire, paternal ancestor
[joe. or affected],- pater [coll. or af-
fected], the old man [slang], governor
[slang], abba; papa, pa, pap, pappy, pop,
pops, dad, daddy, daddums [all affection-
ate or familiar] ; patriarch, paterfamilias ;
stepfather; foster father; father-in-law.
7. n. mother, dam, maternal ancestor
[joe. or affected], mater [coll. or af-
fected], the old woman [slang] ; mamma,
mammy, mam, ma, mom, mommy, mum-
my, mumsy, motherkm, motherkins [all
affectionate or familiar] ; progenitress,
progenitrix ; matriarch, materf amilias ;
stepmother; foster mother; mother-in-
law.
8. n. grandfather, grandsire [arch, and
dial.], gramfer [dial.], granther [dial.] ;
gaffer ; grandpa, grampa, gramp, grand-
papa, grandpap, grandpappy, granddad
or grandad, granddaddy or grandaddy,
granddada or grandada [all affectionate
or familiar] ; great-grandfather ; old man
etc. 130.1.
9. n. grandmother, grandam or grand-
dam, grandam or grandame [of animals] ,
grannam, granam [arch, and dial.] , gam-
mer [dial, Eng.], beldam or beldame
[arch.] ; grandmamma; grandma, gran-
ma, grandmammy, granny, grammy,
gammy [all affectionate or familiar] ;
in hosses, dawgs, ^and men. THACKERAY.
Thank God for the iron in the blood of our
fathers. T. ROOSEVELT. You are the bows
from which your children as living arrows are
sent forth. GIBRAN.
95
great-grandmother ; old woman etc. 130.3.
10. adj. ancestral, parental, patrimo-
nial, patriarchal ; family, hereditary, lin-
eal, racial; phyletic, phylogenetic [both
Biol.] ; paternal, fatherly, fatherlike;
maternal, motherly, motherlike.
167. Posterity
(See 1 66. Ancestry)
1. n. posterity, postery [obs.], progeny,
progenity [rare], progeniture [rare], is-
sue, offspring, seed, brood, breed, fam-
ily, generation [obs.], descent; descend-
ants, heirs, sons, children ; grandchildren,
great-grandchildren ; rising generation.
2. n. lineage, line, line of descendants,
succession, filiation, affiliation, sonship;
heredity, heritage, inheritance; primo-
geniture, postgeniture [rare].
3. n. young, brood, litter, farrow, seed,
spawn, spat.
4. n. descendant, offspring, child, scion,
branch [rare], olive branch [fig.] ; de-
rived or collateral descendant, ramifica-
tion, offshoot, offset, branch, sprout,
sprit, shoot; acrospire, plumule [both
Bot] ; son, sonny, male child or off-
spring; daughter, female child or off-
spring; grandchild, grandson, grand-
daughter; stepchild, stepson, stepdaugh-
ter ; foster child, foster son or daughter ;
son-in-law, daughter-in-law; heir, heir-
ess ; heir apparent, heir presumptive ; chip
of or off the old block ; infant, urchin etc.
(youngling) 129.
5. n. bastard, bantling, illegitimate, il-
legitimate child, natural child [chiefly
dial.], nullius films [L. ; Law], the son
of nobody.
6. adj. filial, sonly, sonlike ; daughter-
ly, daughterlike.
7. adj. lineal, in a direct line, direct,
progenial [rare]; hereditary, inherited;
diphyletic [Biol.] ; primigenial, primo-
genial [rare], primogenital, primogeni-
tary, primogenitive [rare].
167. Men do not think of sons and daughters
when they fall in love. E. B. BROWNING.
People will not look forward to posterity who
never look backward to their ancestors.
BURKE. We are always doing, says he, some-
thing for Posterity, but I would fain see Pos-
terity do something for us. STEELE. The
care of posterity is most in them that have no
posterity. BACON. From fairest creatures
we desire increase* SHAKESPEARE. Poster-
ity pays very man hh honour, JONSON* I
166.9-168.7
1 6 8. Productiveness
(See 169. Unproductiveness; also 161. Pro-
duction, 163. Reproduction, 164. Pro-
ducer)
1. n. productiveness, productivity,
fruitfulness etc. adj., fecundity, preg-
nancy [fig.], luxuriance, uberty [obs.],
fructification, pullulation, multiparity,
multiplication ; fertility, fertilization ;
proliferation, prolification, prolificity,
prolificacy, prolificacy; 8 Demeter [Gr.
Myth.] ; Ceres [Rom. Myth.] ; Frey
[Norse Myth.] ; Isis [Egyptian Myth.] ;
Baal [Semitic Myth.] ; Astarte or Ash-
toreth [Phoenician Myth.] ; propagation,
procreation etc. (generation) 161.2; cop-
ulation etc. 43.2.
2. n. pregnancy, pregnance [obs.] ;
parturience or parturiency, ingravidation
[rare], gravidity [rare], gravidness
[rare], heaviness, greatness, bigness,
awkwardness [dial.], the family way
[coll.] ; conception; superfetation ; birth
etc. 161.3.
3. n. (comparisons) milk cow, rabbit,
Hydra, warren, seed plot, hotbed, rich
soil, land flowing with milk and honey,
mustard ; fertile mind, pregnant idea.
4. v. make productive etc. adj., fruc-
tify, fertilize, spermatize, impregnate;
fecundate, fecundify, fecundize; pollen,
pollinate, pollinize ; cross-fertilize, cross-
pollen, cross-pollinate, cross*-pollenize ;
procreate etc. (generate) 161.10; copu-
late etc. 43.8.
5. v. be productive etc. adj., produce
abundantly, multiply, pullulate, teem;
proliferate, prolify [rare] .
6. v. be pregnant etc. adj., teem [rare
or dial.], gestate, carry, carry young;
conceive, come with child, get in the fam-
ily way [coll.] ; superfetate.
7. adj. productive, fertile, pregnant
[fig.]; fruitful, fruit bearing; fructif-
erous, fructuous [rare], fructiparous
[rare] ; prolific(al), proliferous, prolif-
erant, proliferative ; teeming, teemful
[dial.] ; fecund, uberous, luxuriant, rich,
plenteous, copious ; creative, originative
etc. (productional) 1 6 i.i i ; profitable etc.
(useful) 644.5-8; potent etc. 157.8.
am the son of the wise, the son of ancient kings.
BIBLE. Like father, like son.
168. A virgin shall conceive and bring forth a
child. BIBLE. Our women have a proverb,
"It is a sad burden to carry a dead man's child"
FULLER*
168.8-1713
8. adj. procreative, procreant; propa-
gative, propagable ; reproductive, genera-
tive, progenerative [rare], life-giving,
fecundative, spermatic, fertilizing ; incep-
tive ; multiparous ; omnific.
g. adj. pregnant, impregnant [rare],
enceinte [F.], parturient, teeming [rare
or dial.], gravid, heavy, great, big, heavy
with, great or big with, great or big with
child or young, heavy with child or
young, with child or young, in the family
way [coll.], gestant [rare], laden, awk-
ward [dial.] ; anticipating, anticipating a
blessed event [all slang, U.S.] ; lying-in,
in the straw [coll.] , brought to bed ; puer-
perous, puerperal ; superfetate.
169. Unproductiveness
(See 168. Productiveness)
1. n. unproductiveness, unfruitfulness,
barrenness etc. adj. ; unproductivity,
sterility, infertility, inf ecundity ; otiosity ;
impotence etc. 158; unprofitableness etc.
(inutility) 645.
2. n. waste, wasteland, barren or bar-
rens, barren land, barren or weary waste,
"a barren waste, a wild of sand" (Addi-
son), desert, Sahara, karroo or karoo,
heath ; wild, wilderness, howling wilder-
ness; bush, brush; alkali flat; prairie,
moor etc. (plain) 344 ; marsh etc. 345.
3. v. be- unproductive etc. adj., hang
fire, flash in the pan, come to nothing.
4. adj. unproductive, unfertile, infer-
tile, unfruitful, unprolific, infecund
[rare], infructuose [rare], sterile, otiose,
acarpous, barren, arid, addle, jejune;
teemless, issueless, fruitless, childless,
sine prole [L.] ; ineffectual, of no effect,
null and void ; fallow ; impotent etc. 158.8 ;
unprofitable etc. (useless) 645.8.
170. Agency
i. n. agency, operation, operance or
operancy, force, working, strain, func-
tion, office, maintenance, exercise, work,
swing, play; interworking, interaction;
169. That small model of the barren earth.
SHAKESPEARE. This goodly frame, the earth,
seems to me a sterile promontory. SHAKE-
SPEARE. I pity the man who can travel from
Dan to Beersheba, and cry, " 'T}s all barren I"
STERNE. That fruitless and unprofitable art,
/ Good unto none. JONSON. For me it will
be enough that a marble stone should declare
that a queen having reigned such a time, lived
96
procuration, procurement ; quickening
~, maintaining, or sustaining power;
home stroke; causation etc. 153; instru-
mentality etc. 631 ; mediation etc. 724 ; in-
fluence etc. 175; action etc. (voluntary)
680.
2. v. be operative etc. adj., operate,
work, act, act on or upon, perform, play,
support, sustain, strain, maintain, take
effect, quicken, strike; have play, have
free play.
3. v. come or bring into operation or
play, bring to bear upon.
4. adj. operative, operating etc. v., op-
eratic [rare], operant [rare] ; efficient,
efficacious; practical, exertive, conative,
effectual, workable ; in operation, in force,
in action, in play, in exercise ; at work, on
foot ; acted or wrought upon ; acting etc.
680.7; instrumental etc, 6314.
5. prep, by the agency of etc. n. ;
through etc. (instrumentality) 631.5; by
means of etc. 632.4; by the aid of etc.
707.14.
171. Energy
(See 172. Inertness)
1. n. energy, physical energy, intensity,
force, vigor or vigour, vim [coll.], verve,
fire, snap [coll.], dash, drive, go [coll.] ;
punch, kick, pep, pepper, ginger [all
slang] ; actual or kinetic energy, dynamic
energy, potential energy, ergal [Phys.] ;
potence etc. 157 ; strength etc. 159 ; exer-
tion etc. 686; life, spirit etc. (voluntary
energy) 682.1; mettle, backbone [coll.]
etc. (resolution) 604; vis viva [L.] etc.
(life energy) 359.2.
2. n. activity, energetic or vigorous ac-
tion ; briskness, quickness etc. adj. ; hustle
[coll.], bustle, stir, agitation, perturba-
tion, splutter ; radioactivity, radium ema-
nation ; ebullition, ferment etc. (efferves-
cence) 353.3; alacrity etc. (voluntary ac-
tivity) 682 ; exertion etc. 686 ; excitation
etc. (mental activity) 824.
3. 72. acrimony, acridity, acritude
and died a virgin. QUEEN ELIZABETH. It is
well to He fallow for a while. TUPPER.
170. The tools of working our salvation / By
mere mechanic operation, BUTLER. I my-
self must mix with action. TENNYSON. The
day is always his who works in it with serenity
and great aims. EMERSON. When you are
an anvil, hold you still ; when you are a ham-
mer, strike your fill. G. HERBERT.
171. Such a release and increase of human
energy as to open a new phase m human his-
97
lobs.], ^acrity [obs.] ; causticity, viru-
lence, kick [slang], poignancy, harshness
etc. adj., severity, edge, point ; pungency
etc. 392.
^ 4. n. energizer, energist ; activator, ac-
tive agent or force; excitant, excitator;
stimulant, stimulus, stimulator; bracer,
pick-me-up [coll.] ; aphrodisiac, philter,
love potion, cantharis (pi. cantharides),
Spanish fly, blister beetle.
5. n. (comparisons) human dynamo;
quicksilver ; caffeine, coffee, tea, alcohol ;
niter, saltpeter; ammonia, carbonate of
ammonia, sal ammoniac or sal-ammoniac,
smelling salts ; seasoning etc. (condi-
ment) 393.
6. n. (units of energy) energid, erg,
dinamode.
7. v. energize, give or impart energy to
etc. n., make energetic etc. adj., stimulate,
kindle, enkindle, fire, arouse, rouse,
awaken, excite, stir, exert, quicken, ani-
mate, enliven, pep up [slang], stir up, set
astir, activate [rare], potentialize [rare],
invigorate, dynamize, double-shot ; in-
tensify, sharpen, whet, key up; step up,
hop up, jazz up [all slang] ; strengthen
etc. 159.8.
8. v. strike, hit, impress, make an im-
pression, strike into, strike hard, strike
home, hit the mark [coll.] ; smite etc.
276.8.
9. adj. energetic, energic [rare], ener-
getistic, energico [Mus.] ; forceful, forci-
ble; strong, dynamic, vigorous, strenu-
ous, intense, acute, keen, vivid, incisive,
trenchant ; active, lively, animated, quick,
brisk, brisk as a lark or bee, stirring etc.
v. ; snappy, peppy, full of pep etc. n. [all
slang] ; radioactive; go-ahead [coll.], en-
terprising, industrious etc. 682.18, 19 ;>
potent etc. 157.8.
10. adj. acrid, acridulous, virulent,
poignant, caustic, escharotic [Med.],
mordant, sharp, keen, cutting, biting,
severe, harsh, stringent, drastic ; double-
edged, double-shotted, double-distilled ;
racy etc. (pungent) 392.5.
11. adj. energizing, rousing, exciting
etc. v. ; excitant, excitative, excitatory.
12. adj. aphrodisiac (al), aphroditous.
13. adv. energetically, vigorously, for-
cibly etc. adj. ; for tit er in re [L.] ; effec-
tively, with telling effect.
tpry. H. G. WELLS. Energy is Eternal De-
light W. BLAKE. f The race by vigor not by
vaunts is won. POPE.
1713-1733
172. Inertness
(See 171. Energy)
1. n. inertness, inertion [rare], physi-
cal inertness, inertia ; passiveness etc.
adj., passivity; inactivity, inaction; fai-
neance, dormance or dormancy, suspense,
abeyance or abeyancy, torpor, languor;
stagnation, stagnancy ; vegetation ; power
of inertia, vis inertiae [L.] ; fixity, immo-
bility etc. (stability) 150; permanence
etc. 141; idleness, apathy etc. 683; rest,
calm etc. (quiescence) 265.
2. v. be inert etc. adj., hang fire, smol-
der, sleep, slumber, stagnate, vegetate.
3. adj. inert, inactive, static, passive,
dormant, latent, suspended, abeyant, in
suspense or abeyance, sleeping, slumber-
ing, smoldering, unexerted, faineant
[F.], stagnant, lifeless, dead, torpid, logy
[U.S.], sluggish, leaded, heavy, dull, flat,
slack, tame, blunt; faxed, motionless etc.
(quiescent) 265.7; immovable etc. (sta-
b 
