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Full text of "The rogues and vagabonds of Shakespeare's youth: Awdeley's 'Fraternitye of vacabondes' and Harman's ʻCaveat'"

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REFORMATION 
and 
RENAISSANCE 
STUDIES 

VICTORIA 
UNIVERSITY 

TORONTO 

III 



THE SHAKESPEARE LIBRARY. 
GENERAL EDITOR PROFESSOR 
I. GOLLANCZ, LITT.D. 



THE ROGUES AND VAGABONDS 
OF SHAKESPEARE'S YOUTH : 
AWDELEY'S ' FRATERNITYE OF 
VACABONDES' AND HARMAN'S 
« CAVEAT' : EDITED WITH AN 
INTRODUCTION BY EDWARD 
VILES AND F.J. FURNIVALL 

CHATTO AND WINDUS, PUBLISHERS 
LONDON MCMVII 



2ZO 

# I 



CONTENTS 

rd, ..................... i 
Awv's Fraternltye, hot plaazed from, but pub- 
lished « a fewe yeares ' before, aan's Caneat ... 
HaaN'S Cau,,at : two states of the 2nd edition. The 
latter, now called e 3rd edition, is reprintod hero ... v 
Piraters fmm Haan : Bnan, and G. Dewes ... vl 
Short account of Thomas Haan ......... vil 
HARISON'8 quotation of Haan, and his eount of English 
Vabonds and e punishmen for them ...... 
 Grm«nd,r qf anny-catching is a reprint of Haan's 
neat, th an Introduction ............ xiv 
EKKER'fl e[»an f odoa :its boowings ff'oto Harman xiv 
. Row»' l[m.tia Marh-all sho,vs up Dekker, and bas 
new Cant words ............... xvi 
DEKKER'fl athora aJ Çandl«digM borrows om Har- 
man : Canting ng from it ............ 
Thv Caterillers of this t aatized ...... 
A Waraingfor ousebrears ............ xxi 
8tr¢et bberis ¢onsider'd ............ ii 
Parson H«Bu's or HYnEaVYN'S ,,rmon in Prmse qf 
Thiev and Thievery ............ xxiv 
Shares  the present work ............ xxiv 
nte (p. 12-16) ............... 1-16 
gartlg calir ngabanr ............... 17-91 
4. e rurk f ong-ratrin 9 : thoso pas that are 
hot repfinted om Harman's Cateat ...... 96-103 
5. otz$ ..................... 103-107 
6. tbr[ ..................... 108-116 

b 



PPEFACE. 

It the ways and slng of Vagabonds and Beggars iterested 
Martin Luher enough o make 
tom  in 1528, 
1869, for he old Roes of their English land, and for putting 
gegher hree of he eaflig tmcs aboug hem Moreover, the 
tmcs are pa of the mfive tr that we wt rond our eat 
boek on Elbethan gland, Han's Dcrtioe of Britaln, and 
tho chier of them  quo by the excellent pan who ote that 
book. 
The fit of ghese three r, Awdeley's 7rat»ilge of V- 
bd, h been treated by my hm biblioaphers, who tan never 
have taken ghe trouble  read ghe  ee leav of arm's 
book, m lar han, and a mere pflfeg om, Haan's Caut. o 
such accusation, however, d Harm elf bg ainsg tho 
worthy pger-author ein like pr-author Crowley, though ho 
w pacher o,) who pceded h. In his Epistle deca o 
th« Curtes of Sewsbu, p. 0, low, Han, afr speakhg 
of ' ghese ly wandere,' vagands, mys in 1566 or 1567, 
Thero w a few mr ie a small bréefe setfoh of ome zelou 
man to his countroy,f whom I knowo not,that me a lyflo shewe 
of theoe nam and vsage, and gaue a glymsin lyghte, hot sucient 
 pewade of thoir peuishe peltinge and pickinge practyseg but well 
wohy of prayso. 
 b Vatm : D Bet Ord : Firt p aut 1514. Its 
fit ecti ves a slal unt of e vel orde of the ' atei of 
Vbonds ;' the 2ud, sd ta.l lating  them ; the 3rd oensis of a 
' Rotweioehe Vbula,' or ' Cting Dictiona.'  a long notice in the 
Wioearih Jahrbuch, vol. 10 ; 1856. Ho¢n'z ,ç  : Biblio- 
phy. 



il 

AWDELEY FRA 'EIIVI''E OF 

This description of the ' small bréefe,' and the ' lytle shewe' of 
the ' names and vsage,' exactly suits Awdeley's tract ; and the ' fewe 
yeares since' also suits the date of what may be safely asumed to 
be the first edition of the Fraternitye, by John Awdeley or John 
Sampson, or Sampson Awdeley, for by al] these names, says ]Ir 
Payne Collier, was out one man known :w 
It may be disputed whether this prlnter's naine were realy Sampson, 
or Awdeley : he was ruade free of the Stationers' Company as Sampson, 
and so he is most frequenty termed towards the commencement of the 
Register ; but he certainly wrote and printed bis naine Awdeey or 
Awdeay ; now and then it stands in tbe Register ' Sampson Awdeley.' 
It is the more important to sette the point, because . . . he was hot 
only a printer, but a versifier,  and ougbt to bave been included by 
Ritson in bis BibliogralMca Poetica. (Registers of the Stationers' Com- 
pany, A.D. 1848, vol i. p. 23.) 
These verses of Awdeley's, or Sampson's, no doubt led to his 
' small brécfe' being entered in the Stationers' Registr as a 'ballett' : 
" 1560-1. ld. of John Sampson, for his lycense for pryntinge 
of a ballett called the description of vakaboundes .... iiij . 
"[This entry seems to refer to an early edition of a very curious work, 
printed again by Sampson, alias Awdeley, in 1565, when it bore the 
following title, ' The fraternitie of vacabondes, as well of rufling vaca- 
bonea as of beggerly, as well of women as of men, and as weil of 
gyrles as of boyes, with their proper ue,.':,es sud qualityes. Aiso the 
xxv. orders of Ioeaves, otherwise ca|led a quartten of knawes. Con- 
firmed tbis yere by Cocke Lorel.' The edition without date mentioned 
by Dibdin (iv. 564) may have been that of the entry. Another im- 
pression by Awdeley, dated 1575 [which we reprint] is rcviewed in the 
British Biblio9ralher , ii. 12, where it is asserted (as is very probable, 
though we are without distinct evidence of the fact) that the printer 
was the compiler of the book, and he certainly introduces it by three 
six-line stanzas. If this work came out originally in 151, according 
to the entry, there is no doubt that it was the precursor of a very 
singular series of tracts on the saine subject, which will bc noticed in 
their proper places.]"---J. P. Collier, Registers , i. 42. 
As above said, I takc Harman's 'fcwe yeares'in 1566 or 7to 
point fo the 1561 edition of Awdeley, and hot the 1565 ed. And as to 
Awdeley's authorship,what can be more express than his own words. 

t Sec the back of his title-page, p. 2. below. 
" a vell and and as n, ell hot in the title of the 1575 edition. 



p. 2, below, that wha t« Vagabond eaug a a Seion eo 
' both names and stars of most and let of ts thek Vabondes 
brotherhood,' that,' ai the request of a wopfd man, I [' The 
Pfinter,' that , Jo Awdeley] hve set it foh  we  I n.' 
But ff a doubt on Awdeley's pfiofity  Haman ets  any 
eer's nd, let h coide t second reference by Haman to 
Awddey (p. 60, below), hot notic by the bibfiogmphem: "For- 
-much  the two names, a Iarkeman and a Patfico, 
old briefe qf vacab» and t foh  two nd of e doem, 
you sha vndcstande that a Iakeman bath s ne of a Iarke, 
which  a seale in their Language,  one should mke wHtinges and 
set seal for lycen and prte," and then tn  Awdelcy's 
Fraternitye of Vacabond, and them s, at page 5, below : 
 A IACK AL 
A lackeman is he that can write and read and somefime speake ]afin. 
He vseth  ma coun]« lic wh]ch thcy cal] Gybes 
Seal,  tlr ge c«ll I«rkes. (Sce a]so' A Whipack%' 
Le the rcader then compare Harman's  dcscption of a 
Prico, p. 60, with that  ' the o]d Briefe of Vacabonds; Awde]ey, 

p. 6: 
Awdeley. 
¶ A PA'rlgIAIgKE Co. 
A Patriarke Co doth make ma- 
r/ag«s , & that is vntill d«ath dclare the maried folke. 

Harman. 
there is a PATRICO . . . 
whichc in their language is a priest, 
that should make mariages tyll 
dcath dyd depart. 

And surely no doubt on the point will remain in lais mind, though, 
ff needed, a fcw more confirmations could be got, as 

Awdelcy (p. 4). 
¶ A PALLIARD. 
A Palliard is he that goeth in a 
patched cloke, and hys Doxy 
goeth in like appareil. 

Harman (p. 44). 
¶ A Pallyard. 
Thcse Pdliardes.. go with patched 
elokes, and haue their Morts with 
them. 

We may eonclude, then, eertainly, that Awdeley did not plagiarize 
l=Iarmdn ; and probably, that he first published his Fraternitye in 
1561. The tract is a mere sketch, as eompared xvith l=[arman's 
Çaueat, though in its deseriptions (p. 6--11) of 'A Curte.,y Man,' 



HARMAH'8 7UgT: THE AHL'r BDITION. 

' A Cheatour or Fingerer,' and ' A Ring-Failer' (one of whom tried 
his tricks on me in Gower-street about ten days ago), if gives a fui] 
a picture as Harman does of the general run of hic characters. The 
edition of 1575 being the only one accessible to us, out trusty Oxford 
copier, Mr George Parker, ha read the proofs with the copy in tho 
Bodleian. 
Let no one bring a charge of plagiarizing Awdaley, against Har- 
man, for the latter, as bas been shown, referred fairly to Awdeley's 
' small breef«' or ' old brief« of vacabonds; and wrote his own "bolde 
Beggars booke" (p. 91) from his own long experience with them. 

Harman's Uaueat is too well-known and widely valued a book 
to need description or eulogy here. It is th standard work on its 
subject,--' these rowsey, ragged, rabblement of rakehelles' (p. 19- 
and has been largely plundered by divers literary cadgers. No copy 
of the first edtion seems to be known to bibliographers. It was 
published in 1566 or 1567,--probably the latter year,--and must (I 
conc]ude) have contained less than the second, as in that's ' Harman 
to the ]leader,' p. 28, below, he says ' weil good reader, I meane hot 
to be tedyous vnto the, but haue added fyue or sixe more tales, 
because some of them weare doune whyle my booke was fyrste in 
the presse.' He speaks again of his first edition at p. 44, below, ' I 
had the best geldinge stolen oute of my pasture, that I had amongst 
others, whyla this boke was first a rit/ng;' and also af p. 51, 
below, 'Apon Allollenday in the morning last anno domini 1566, or 
my booke was halfe printed, I meane tl« first in]rrsion.' Ail 
Hallow' or Ail Saints' ]ï)ay is November 1. 
The edition cailed the second , also bearing date in 1567, is known 
to us in two states, the latter of which I have called the third edition. 
The first state of the second edition is shown by the Bodleian copy, 
vhich is 'Augmented and in]arged by the fyrst anthor here of,' and 
bas, besides smaller differences specified in the footnotes in out 
pages, this great difference, that the arrangement of ' The Names of 
 Compare the anecdote, p. 66. 68, ' the last sommer, Anno Domini, 1566.' 
 ' now at this seconde Impression,' p. 27 ; ' W]yle this second Impreion 
-as in prlntinge,' p. 87. 



flARMAN80dUBdT: THE TWO STATES OF Tlq' r:D EDITION. V 

the Vpright Men, loges, and Pallyards' is net alphabetical, by the 
first letter of the Christian names, as in the second state of the second 
edition (which I call the third edition), but higgledy-pigglcdy, or, at 
least, without attention te the succession of initials either of Christian 
or Sur-names, thus, though in three columns: 

Richard Brymmysh. 
John Myllar. 
Wel arayd Richard. 
John Walchman. 
Wylliara Chamborne. 
Bryan Medcalfe. 
IIarry Walles with the little mouth. 
John Waren. 
Richard Brewton. 
Thomaa Paske. 
Georgo Belbarby. 
ttunfrey Warde. 

VPRIGHT MEN. 
Robert Gersc. 
Gryffen. 
Richard Barton. 
John Braye. 
Thomas Cutter. 
Dowzabell sky]full in fence. 
[ac.] 
Roo'.s. 
Lytle Robyn. 
Lyt|e Dycke. 
Richard Iones. 
Lambart Rose. 
Harry Mason. 
Thomas Smithc with the skal skyn. 
[&c.] 
PALLYARDS. 

Nycholas Newton carieth a fiyned Edvard Heyward, hath his Morte 
lycence, following hym Whiche fayneth 
I3ashforde. y crank. 
Robart Lackley. Preston. 
Wylliam Thomas. Robart Canloke. 
This alerte settlcs fle priority of the Bodley edition, as IiO printer, 
having an index alphabetical, would go and muddle if ail again, even 
for a lark. Moreover, the other collations confirm this priority. The 
colophon of the ]odley edition is dated A.v. 15fi7, 'the eight of 
ganuary;' and therefore A. v. 15fi7-8. 
The second state of the second edition--which state I call the 
third editionis shown by the copy which Mr ttenry Huth has, 
with his never-failing generosity, lent us te copy and print frein. It 
omits ' the eight of January,' frein the colophon, and bas 'Anno 
Domini 15fi7' only. Like the 2nd edition (or 2 A), th 3rd edition 
(or 2 B) bas the statement on p. 87, below : ' W-hyle this second Ira- 



 HA£tMANS CAEAT: THE TWO STATE OF THE 2D EDITION. 
pio w  çtge, it fotun that ycho 1, who caed hym oee ychol Geyns, a cotefet Ce, that is 
sçoen o  t boeke, w fonde begg  e whe e on 
ewe year day last çt. Annodoi .15ç7, and coted to 
a oeer, whoded hym to the depetye o the ward, wch com- 
mytted hym to the counter ;' and ts brins both the 2nd and 3rd 
etions (or 2 A and 2 ) to the year 1568, modem style. The 4th 
edition, o far  I know, w pubhed  1573, and w reprted 
by MaelmH tace (ys Bo's Lodes)  1814. Fm that rept 
Ir . I. Voed h madc a collation of words, not lette, for 
xdth the 3rd etion. The cef dnce of the 4th edition is its ex- 
teion of the story of the ' dyemblg Crae,' ycho Gengs, 
and ' the Printar of this booke' Wyam Gryth (p. 53-6, below), 
which exteion  given  the footnotes to pag 56 and 57 of o 
etion. We were obHged to reprint t from Stace's repfint of 1814, 
 o searche cod not d a copy of the 4th etion of 1573 
either the Brith Iuse, the Dodlci, or the Cambfidge 
Uveity Libra. 
Thus much about o prient etion. I now hark back to the 
st, and the paci of it or the later etions, mentioned  Ir J. 
P. Coler's Regi«ler of tle talioer' Company, i. 155-6, 166. 
" 1566-7 Rd. of ïiam Greffeth, for s lycense for ptge of 
a boke tited a Carat for coen Corsetom, garly cacd 
Vagabo, by Thom Harman .......... ifij . 
"[No edition of Harman'a « Caveat or Warnlng for common Cursetors' 
of the date of 1566, is known, although it is eoneously mentioned in 
/he introductory marrer fo the reprint in 1814, from H. Mddleton 
pression of 1573. It was the forerunner of various later works of the 
saine kind, some of which were plundcred from it without acknowledg- 
mcnt and attributed to the celebrated Robert Greene. Copi of two 
editions in 1567, by Griffitb, are extant, and, in ail probability if wa 
the firt time it appeared in print : Griffith entered it at Stationers' Hall» 
 above in 1566 in order that he might publish it in 1567. Harman'a 
work was preceded by several ballads relating to vagabonds, the eadiest 
of which is entered on p. 42 [Awdeley, p. ii. above]. On a subquent 
page (166) is inserted a curious entry regarding ' the boke of Rogges,' 
or Rogues.] 
" 1566-7. For Tage of Fyn  foloweth. Rd. of He 



PIRATER8 OF HARMAN CA U£AT. V 
P, ynnyman, for his fyne for tmdermy[n]dinge and procurynge, as moche 
as in hym ded lye, a Copye from wylliam effeth, called the hoke 
of ogges .................. iii . 
"[This was certainly Harman's ' Cavcat or Warning for Common 
Cursetors'; and here we sec Bymtemau fined for endeavouring to under- 
mine Griffith by procuring the copy of the work, in order that Bynne- 
man might print and publlsh it instcad of Griflith, his rival in business. 
TI,c next item may show that Gerard Dewes l,ad also printed the book, 
no doubt without license, but the memorandum was crossed out in thc 
register.] 
"Also, there doth remayne in the handes of ][r Tottle and l[r 
Gonneld, then wardens, the somme of iij 
cevyd of garrad dcwes fi»r pryntinge of the boke of Rog,s in a ° 
1567 ................ ij '. vj'. viij «. 
"[Ail tends to prove the desire of stationers to obtain somc share of 
the profits of a work, which, as ,,ve have alrcady shown, waa so well re- 
ceived, that Grifiïth publiahed two edition8 of it in 1567.]" 
The fact is, thc book was so intercstiug that it nmde its readers 
thieves, as ' Jack Shcppard' bas donc in later days. The vcry wood- 
cutter cheated ttarman of the hind legs of the home on his tit]e, 
prigged two of lais prauncer's props (p. 42). 
To know the keen inquiring Social Reformer, Thomas Harman, the 
readcr must go fo his book. He lived in the country (p. 34, foot), 
in [Crayford] Kent (p. 30, p. 35), near a heath (p. 35), near Lady 
Elizabeth Shrewsbury's parish (p. 19), hot far from London (p. 30, 
p. 35) ; ' he lodgcd at thc Vhite Friars within the c]oister' (p. 51), 
sceming]y whilc hc was having his book printed (p. 53), and had lais 
servant there with him (lb.) ; ' he knew London well' (p. 54, &c.) ; 
and in Kent 'beiage placed as a poore gent]eman,' he had in ]567, 
'kepte a house these twety yeares, where vnto pouerty dayely 
bath and doth repayre,' and whel% being kept at home 'through 
sickenes, he talkcd day]y with many of these wyly wanderars, as well 
men and wemmen, as boyes and gyrlcs,' whose tricks he bas so 
p]easantly set down for us. tic did hot, though, confine lais inter- 
course with vagabonds to talking, for he says of some, p. 48, 
¶ Some tyme they counterfet he seale of the Admiraltie. I haue 
diners tymes takez a waye from them their lycences, of both sortes, 



viii STATU8 AND CHARACTER OF THOMAB HARMAN. 
wyth suche money as thcy haue gathered, and haue conficated the 
saine fo the pouerty nigh adioyninge to me. p. 51-6. 
Out author also practically exposed these tricks, as witness his 
hunting out the Crartke, lIycholas Genings, and his securing the 
vagabond's 13s. and 4d. for the poor of ewington parish, p. 51-6, 
hi rnaking the deaf and dumb beggar hear and spcak, p. 58-9 (and 
securing hi money too for the poor). But he fed deserving beg- 
gars, see p. 66, 13. 20. 
Though Harman tells us ' Eloquence haue I none, I neuer was 
acquaynted with the lIuses, I neuer tasted of Helycon' (p. 27-8), 
yet he could write verses--though awfully bad ones: see thcm ai. 
pages 50 and 89-91, below, perhaps too at p. 26  ;--he knew Latin-- 
see his comment on Cursetors and Yagabone, p. 27 ; his nna voce, p. 
43 ; perhaps his ' A_rgus eyes,' p. 54 ; his omnia venalia Rome, p. 
60 ; his homo, p. 73 ; he quotes St Augustine (and the Bible), p. 24 ; 
&c. ;--he studied the old Statutes of the Realm (p. 27) ; he liked pro- 
verbs (see the Index) ; he was once ' in commission of fine peace,' as 
he says, and judged malefactors, p. 60, though he evidently wes hot a 
Justice when he wrote his book ; he was a ' gentleman,' says Har- 
tison (see p. xii. below); 'a Iustice of Peace .in Kent,  in Queene 
BIarie's daies,' says Samuel lowlands ; s he bore arme (of heraldry), 
and had them duly stamped on his pewter dishes (p. 35); he had 
at least one old 'tennant who customably a greate tyme went 
twise in the weeke to London, (over Blacke Heathe)eyther wyth 
fruite or with pescoddes' (p. 30) ; he hospitably asked his visitors to 
dinuer (p. 45) ; he had horses in his pasture, 4 the best gelding of 
which the Pryggers of Prauncers prigged (p. 44); he had an un- 
chaste cow that went to bull every raonth (p. 67, ff his ownership is 
not chaff here) he had in his ' will-housi on the backe side of 
 Ma- J. P. Collier (Bibliographival Catab,gl«e, i. 365) has little doubt tbat 
the versez at the back of the title-page of Harman's Careat were part of 
"a ballad intituled a description of the nature of a birchen broom" entered at 
Stationers' Hall to William Griffith, the first printer of the Cavcat. 
 Cp. Kente, p. 37, 43, 48, 61, 63, 66, 68, 77, &c. Moreover, the way in 
which he, like a lorfoik or Suttolk man, speaks of shires, points to a liver in 
a non -sbire. 
• In h[artin [ark.all, 1?eadle of 1ridevell, 1610, quoted below, ai p. xvii. 
• Compare his ' ride to Dartforde to speake with a priest there,' p. I7. 



nT&TUn AND OH&R&CTER OF THO/AS HARMAN. iX 
his bouse, a great cawdron of coi»per' which the beggars stole (p. 
34-5) ; he couldn't keep his linen on his hedges or in his rooms, 
or his pigs and poultry from the thieves (p. 21); he hated the 
'rascal rabb|exnent' of them (p. -°.1), and 'the wicked parsons 
that keepe typlinge Houses in all shires, where they haue succour 
and relieïe' ; and, ]ike a wise and practical man, he set himself fo 
find out and expose ail their 'vndecent, dolefull [guilcful] dealing, 
and execrable exercyses' (p. 21) to the end that they might be 
stopt, and sin and wickedness might hot so much abound, and 
thus ' this Famous F_Jnpyrc be in more welth, and better florysh, to 
the inestymable joye and comfort' of his great Queen, Elizabeth, and 
the ' vnspeakable., reliefe and quietnes of xninde, of all ber ïayth- 
full Commons and Subiectes.' The right end, and the right way to 
it. We've some like you still, Thomas Harman, in our Victorian 
rime. May their number grow ! 
Thus much about Harman we learn from his book and lais 
literaiy contemporaries and successors. If we now turn fo the his- 
torian of his county, Hasted, we find further interesting deails 
about our anthor: 1, that he lived in Crayford parish, next to 
Erith, the Countess of Shrewsbury's parish ; 2, that he inhcrited 
the estates of F.llam, and Maystreet, and the manor of Mayton or 
Maxton ; 3, that he was the grandson of Henry Harman, Clerk of 
the Crown, who had ibr his arms 'Argent, a chevron between 3 
scalps sables' which were no doubt those stampt on out Thomas's 
pewter dishes ; 4, that he had a ' descendant,'--a son, I presumc-- 
who inherited his lands, and three daughters, one of whom, Bridget, 
married Henry Binneman-- not the printer, about 1565-85 A.P., p. 
vi-vii, above. 
Hasted in lais description of the parish of Crayford, speaking of 
Ellam, a place in the parish, says :-- 
« In the 16th year of K. Henry VII. John Ellam alienated it (the 
seat of Ellam) to Henry Harman, who was then Clerk of the Crown, 1 and 
t « John Harman, Euyer, one of the genti]men hushers of the Chambre 
of our soverayn Lady the Quene, and the excellent Lady Dame Dorothye 
Gwydott, widow, laie of the to-n of Southampton, married Dec. 21, 1557." 
(Extract from the register of the parish of Stratford Bow, given in p. 499, 
vol. ifi. of Lysons's nriron# of London. 



x 

THOMAS HARMAN'8 FAMILY AND E8TATES. 

who likcwise purchased an estate called Maystreet herc, of Cowley and 
Bulbeck, of Bulbeck-street in this parish, in the 20rb year of King 
Edward IV.  On bis decease, Wil]iam Harman, his soli, posscssed hoth 
these estates.  On his decease they descended to Thomas Harman, esq., 
his son ; who, among others, procured his lands to be disgavei]ed, by the 
act of the 2 & 3 Edw. VI. 3 He married Millicent, one of the daughters 
of Nicholas Leigh, of Addington, in the county of Surry, esq. « His de- 
scendant, Wiiliam Harman, sold both these places in the reign of K. 
James I. to Robert Draper, esqr."--Histor9 of ent, vol. i. p. 209. 
The manor of Maxton, in the parish of Hougham "passed to Hob- 
day, and thence to Harman, of Crayford ; from which naine it was sold 
by Thomas Harman to Sir James Hales ..... Vfil]iam Harnan hcld 
the manor of llayton, alias Maxton, with its appurtenances, of the Lord 
Chcney, as of his manor of Chilham, by Knight's service. Thomas Har- 
man was his son and hoir : Rot. Esch. 2 Edw. VI."--Hasted's/ïr/tooE of 
Kent, ri. p. 47. 
" It is laid down as a fuie, that nothing but an act of par]iamet 
can change thc nature of gavelkind lands; and this bas occasioned 
several [acts], for the purpose of disgavelling the possessions of divers 
gc»tlcmcn in this county. .... One out of sevcral statutes ruade for 
this purpose is the 3rd of Edw. VI."--Hasted's ttistor of Kent, vol. i. p. 
cxliii. 
And in the list of names given,--taken from lobinson's Gavelkind 
--twelfth from the bottom stands that of TnOMAS HARAN. 
Of Thomas tIarman's aunt, 5Iary, lrs Wi]liam Lovelace, we find; 
"John Lovelace, esq., and Villiam Lovelace, his brother, possessed this 
mauor and seat (Bayford-Castle) between them i the latter of whom 
resided at Bayford, wbere he died in the 2nd year of K. Edward VI., 
leaving issue by llary his wife daughter of William Harman, of 
Crayford, seven sons .... "---Hasted's t[istorj of.Kent, vol. ii. p. 612. 
The rectory of the parish of I)eal was bestowed by the Arch- 
bishop on Roger lIarman in 1544 (ttctsted, vol iv. p. 171). 
Harman-street i8 the naine of a farm in the parish of Ash (Hasted, 
vol iii. p. 691). 
 Philipot, p. 108. HemT Harman bore for his amas--Argent, a chevron 
between ô scalps sable. 
 Ot whose daughters, lIary married John, eldest son of Wm. Lovelace, of 
Hever in Kingsdown, in this county ; and Elizabeth married John Lennard, 
Prothonotary, and aflerwards C«stos .Breitm of the Common Pleas. 
Chevoning. 
 Sec lgobinson's Gavelkind, p. 00. 
« 8he was of eonsanguinity to Abp. Chicheley. tem«.. OEtieh. lço. 106. 
Thomas Harman had three daughters : Arme, who married Wm. Draper, of 
Erith, and lies buried there; Mary, who rnarried Thornas Harrys ; and 
Bridger, who was the wife of Henry Binneman. 



The excellent parson, William Harrison, in his 'Description of 
Èng|and,' prefixed to Holinshed's Chronicles (edit. 1586), quotes 
lIarman fairly enough in his chapter "Of prouision ruade for the 
poore," Book II, chap. 10.  And as he ves a statement of the 
sharp punishment enacted for idle rogues and vagabonds by the 
Statutes of Elizabeth, I take a long extract from his said chapter. 
Afer speaking of those who are ruade 'beggers through other mens 
occasion,' and denouncing the grasping landlords' who make them 
so, and wipe manie out of their occulJiengs ,' Harrison goes on to 
those who are beggars ' through their owne default' (p. 183, last line 
of col. l, ed. 1586) : 
"Such as are idle beggers tbrough their owne detault are of two 
sorts, and continue their estates either by casuall or meere voluntarie 
meanes : those that are such by casuall means 2 are in the beginning a 
iustlie fo be referred either to the first or second sort of poore a afore 
mentioned a ; but, degenerating into the thriftlesse sort, they doo what 
they can to confiture their miserie ; and, with such impediments as they 
haue, to straie and wander about, as creatures abhorring ail labour and 
euerie honest excercise. Certes, I call these casuall meaues, hot in re- 
spect of the originall of their pouertie, but of the continuance of the 
saine, from whence they will hot be deliuered, such s is their owne 
vngratious lewdnesse and froward disposition. The voluntarie meanes 
proceed ri'oto outward canses, as by making of corosiues, and applieng 
the saine to the more fleshie parts of their bodies ; and also laieng of 
ratsbane, sperewort, crowfoot, and such like vnto their whole members, 
thereby to raise pitifull 4 and odlons sores, and mooue athe harts of"- the 
goers by such places where they lie, to 5yerne at » their miserie, and 
therevpon a bestow large almesse vpon them. 6 How artificiallie they 
beg, what forcihle speech, and how they select and choose out words of 
vehemencie, whereby they doo in maner conjure or adjure the goer by 
to pitle fleir cases, I passe ouer fo remember, as iudging the naine of 
God and Christ to he more conuersant in the mouths of none, and yet 
the presence of the heuenlie maiestie further off from no meu than from 
this vngratious companie. Which maketh me to thinke, that punish- 
ment is farre meeter for them than liberalitie or almesse, and sith Christ 
willeth vs cheeflie to haue a regard to himselfe and his poore members. 
"Vnto this nest is another sort to be referred, more stm'die than the 
test, which, hauing sound and perfect liras, doo yet, notwithstanding 
 In the first edition of Holinshed (157"/) this chapter is the 5th in Book 
III. of Harrison's Decrfpton. 
- Not in ed. 1577. s thorov in ed. 1577. 
• piteous in ed. 1577.  la¢nvnt in ed. 1577. 
• The remaioder of this para,raph is hot in ed. 1577. 



sometime counterfeit the possession of ail sorts of diseaes. Diuerse 
rimes in their appareil sls  tley wili be like seruiog men or iaborers : 
oftentimes they can plaie the marinera, and seeke for sbips which they 
neuer Iost.  But, in fine, they are ail theenes and caterpillers in tle 
commonweaith, and, by the word of God hot permitted to eat, sith tley 
doo but licke the sweat from the te laborers' browes, and beereue tbe 
godlie poore of that which is due vnto them, to mainteine their excesse, 
consuming the claritie of well-dispcsed people bestowed vpon tlem, 
after a most wicked s and detestable maoer. 
"It is hot yet fuli threescore « yeares since this trsde began : but 
how it bath prospered since that time, it is essie to iudge ; for they are 
now supposed, of one sex and another, to amount vnto aboue IO,OOO 
perso[s, as I baue beard reported. Moreouer, in counter£eiting the 
Egyptian toges, they haue deuised a ianguage among themselues, which 
they naine Cantin 9 (but other pedlers French)--a speach compact thirtie 
yeares since of English, and a great number of od words of their owne 
deuisiog, without ail ortier or reasen : and yet such is it as none but 
themselues are able to vnderstand. The first deuiser thereof was 
hanged by the necke,--a iust reward, no doubt, for his deserts, and a 
Thomas common end to ail of that profession. A gentleman, also, of 
Hrmsn. iate bath taken gTeat paines to search out the secret practises 
of this vngTatious rabble. And among other things he setteth downe 
and describeth  three and twentie  sorts of them, whose names it shali 
not be amisse to remember, wherby ech one may s take occasion to read 
and know as aiso by his industrie s what wicked people they are, and 
what villauie rernaineth in them. 
"The scuerail disorders and degrees amongst out idle vagabonds : 
1. RuSera. 8. Fraters. 
2. Vprightmen. 9. Abrams. 
3. Hookers or Auglcrs. 10. Freshwater mariners or Whip- 
4. Roges. 11. Dummerers. iacks. 
5. Wild Roges. 12. Drunken tinkers. 
6. Priggers of Prancers. 13. Swadders, or Pcdlers. 
7. Paillards. 14. Iarkemen, or Patricoes. 
Of Women klnde-- 
1. Demandera for glimmar, or tire. 6. Doxes. 
2. Bamdie Baskets. 7. Deiles. 
3. ]ortes. 8. Kinching Mortes. 
4. Autem mortes. 9. Kinching cooes. 7 
5. Waiking mortes. 
Not in ed. 177.  Compare Haman, p. 48. 
 The I77 ed. inserts ltorble. 
• The 177 ed. resdsflfty. 
- The l77 ed. reads 22, which is evideotly an error. 
* For these words the 177 ed. reads gatA¢r. 
 The above lint is taken from the titles of the chaptern in Ha-mao' 'atat. 



HARRIfiON ON EGLIfiH VAGABONI IN I7T-86 A.D. xiii 

"The punisbment that is ordeined for tbis kind of people is verie 
sharpe, and yet it can net restreins them £rom their gadding : wherefore 
the end must needs be martiall law, te be exercised vpon them as vpon 
theeues, robber, despisers of ail lawes, and enimies te the commou- 
wealth a/ welfare of the land. What notable roberies, pilferies, 
murders, rapes, and stealings of yoong  children, 2burning, breaking and 
disfiguring their liras te make them pitifull in the sight of the people, a 
I need net te rehearse ; but for their idle roging about the countrie, the 
law ordeiueth this marier of correction. The toge being appre]ended, 
comraitted teprison, and tried in the next assises (whether they be of 
gaole deliuerie or sessions of the peace) if he happen te be conuicted for 
a vagabond either by inquest of ooEce, or the testimonie of two honest 
and credible witnesses vpon tbeir oths, he is then immediatlie adiudged 
te be greeuouslie whipped and burned through the gristle of the right 
eare, with au lot iron of the conpasse of an inch about, as a manifesta- 
tion of his wicked lire, and due punislment receiued for the saine. And 
this iudgement is te be executed vpon ldm, except seine honest person 
woorth fine pounds in the queene's books in goods, or twentie shillings 
in lande, or seine rich housholder te be allowed by the iustices, will be 
bound in recognisance te reteins hirn in his seruice for one wlole yeare. 
If he be taken the second time, and proued te lane forsaken his said 
seruice, le shall tlen be whipped againe, bored likewise through the 
other eare and set te seruice : frein whence if he depart before a yeare 
be expired, and happen afterward-to be attched agaiue, he is con- 
dernned te surfer paines of death as a fetlon (except belote excepted) 
without benefit of clergie or sanctuarie, as by the statuts dooth appeare. 
Among roges and idle persons fiuallie, we find te be comprised 
proctors that go vp and clowns with counterfeit licences, coosiuers, and 
such as gad about the countrie, vsing vnlawull gaines, practiser of 
physiognomie, and palmestrie, tellers of fortunes, fensers, plaiers,  
minstrels, iugglers, pedlers, tinkers, pretensed 4 schollers, shipmen, 
prisoners gathering for fees, and others, se oft as they be taken withont 
suoEcient licence. Frora  among which companie our bearewards are 
net excepted, and iust cause: for I haue read that they haue eitber 
voluntarilie, or for want of power te rnaster their sauage beasts, beene 
occasion of the death and deuoration of manie children in suudrie couu- 
tries by which they haue passed, whose parents neuer knew what was 
become of them. And or that cause there is and haue beene manie 
sharpe lawes ruade for bearwards in Germauie, wherof you may read 
in other. But te out roges.  Each one aise that harboreth or aideth 
them with meat or monie, is taxed and compelled te fine with the 
queene's maiestie for euerie time that he dooth se succour the]n, as it 
 Net in the 1577 ed. 
- These words are substituted for ,vltilt tlw 9 difigure te begg *itll in 
the 1577 ed. 
» ?e 177 cd. iuserts bearards. « Not in 177 ed. 
- These tree sentences are uot in 1677 ed. 



shall please the iices of peace to assise, so that the xation exceed 
not twentie shillin, as I haue beene informed. And thus much of the 
poore, a such pronision  is appointcd for them within the realme of 
England." 
ong the e of Haan's book, the chief and coole w the 
author of e groudwor of Uonyatchinç, 1592, who o a 
few introducry çages, and then quietly reçted almost aH Har- 
man's book th an ' I leaue you now to those wch by [aister 
I[an are OEscouer' (ç. 103, low). By this rime Haan was 
no doubt dead. Vho xH search for his XVill in the WiHs OoEce 
---Though Samuel Rowlands w ave, he did hot show uç t early 
aççroçaor of Haan's work as he did a later one. As a nd of 
Suççleent to the Caueat, I have added, as the 4th tct in tho 
pmsent volume, such pas of the ndworke of Çny-ccdchig 
are hot reprhted from Haman. The Groundworke bas been attd- 
bud to Robe Greene, but on no edence (I beHeve) except 
Gmene's having writtcn a book in tee Parts on Conny-cahg, 
1591-2, and 'A Dputagon betweene a Hee Conny-caher and a 
Shee Coy-caher, whether a eafe or a ore is most hfl 
in Cousonage t,, the Common-wealth,' 1592.  Hearne's copy of the 
roudwlce is bod up in the 2nd vol. of Greene's Works, among 
George III.'s books  the Bdth Muse,  if it reMly was 
Greene's. 
Another per, r from Harman was Thomas Dekker,  s Be 
man «f noen, 160s, ,,f which three etions were pubhed in the 
saine yr (Hazlit O. ut amuel Rowlands found him out and 
showed him up. From the fifth edition of the ean, the eHest 
that o copier, Mr W. M. Vood, cod find in the Bdth 
he h wn up the foog account of the book : 
The Belman of Lo. BHngi to Light te st nots Villani 
that are  acti. in the Kime. Profib f Gtlem, 
u,jers, [ct, OEo, Fas, Mass of Ilohohls,  ail 
sorts of Sent. to mark, al delOhull f ll M 
Le, Perlege, Relege. 
Te .ft Imper, with  OEit. Pd at Lomlon j Mile 
FIoeser. 1640 
 Hazlitt's IIa Bh, p. 241. 



THOMA8 DEKKER'8 .BELMAI 0" LOID01 1608. X 
On the back of the title-page, after the table of contents, the 
eleven following ' secret villages' are described, seveally, as 
« Cheating Law Bernard's Lawe. 
Vincent's Law. The black Art. 
Curbing Law. Prigging Law. 
Lifting Law. High Law. 
Sacking Law. Frigging Lady. 
Five Iumpes at Leape-frog." 
After a short description of the four agcs of the world, there is an 
account of a feast, at which were present al] 15nds of vagabonds. 
Dekker was conveyed, by 'an o]d nimb]e-tong'd eldam, who seemed 
to haue the command of the place,' fo an upper loft, ' where, vnseene, 
I might, through a wooden Latice that had prospect of the dining 
roome, both see and heare ail that was to be done or poken.' 
'The whole assembly being thus gathered together, one, amongest 
the rest who tooke vpon him a Seniority ouer the test, charged euery 
man to answer to his naine, to see if the Ittry wcre full :--the Bill by 
which hee meant to call them beeing a double Iug of aie (that had the 
spirit of Aquavitw in it, it smelt so strong), and that hee held in his hand. 
Another, standing by, wiih a toast, nutmeg, and ginger, ready to cry Vous 
avez as they were cald, and ail that were in the roome hauing single pots 
by the eares, which, like Pistols, were charged to goe off so soone as euer 
they heard their names. This Ceremony beeing sct abroach, an Oyes was 
ruade. But he that was Rcctor Chory (the Captain of the Tatterdemalions) 
spying one to match vnder his Colours, that had neuer belote serued in 
those lowsie warres, paused awhile (after hee had taken his first draught, 
to tast the dexterity of the liquor), and then began, Iustice-like, to 
examine this yonger brother vpon interrogatories.' 
This yonger brothe is afterwards ' stalled to the rogue ;' and the 
' Rector Chory 1' iustructs him in his duties, and tells him the names 
and degrees of the fratcrnity of vagabonds. Then cornes the feo.t, 
after which, ' one who tooke vpon him to be speaker fo the whole 
house,' began, as was the custom of thcir meeting, ' fo make an 
oration in praise of Beggery, and of those that professe the trade,' 
which done, all the company departed, leaving the ' old beldam' and 
Dekker the on]y occupants of the room. 
« The spirit of ber owne mault walkt in her brain-pan, so that, whai 
with the sweetnes of gaines which shee had gotten by her Marchant 
 Leader of the Phoir. Capain of th Company. 



XV' 8UEL RWLNDS'8 .dRTll 
Venturers, aud what th the fum of drinke, which set ber ne iu 
goiug, I round ber apt for talke ; and, king hold of is oppounity, 
aer some intoeaty  discouer to mee what these vpright men, ffie 
aud the test were,  their seuerall qualities and manue of lire» 
Thus shee began.' 
d what she te Dekkcr  taken, all of it, from Haan's 
Look. 
tards corne accots of te rive ' Laws' and rive jps at 
lcap-frog mentioncd vn the back of the tifle-pe, and wich 
uoted above, p. xv. 
Lastly « A short Dcose of Canting,' wch  entirely, taken 
from aa pages 84--87, low. 
As I bave said before, Dekker w sho up for his pflfegs 
from Haman by Samuel owlands, who mt, says Ir Collier  h 
BiLlio'aphical Catalom, bave publhed his M«rtln 3[ark-all, 
Beadle qf B'blewdl, in or before 1609,though no edifion is o 
 us beforc 1610,becae Dekker in  addmss ' To my oe 
Nation' in his Ladhorne and Cale-llht, which w publhe,1 in 
1609, refcrs to-Iowlands as a ' Bcaoec of Bridcwell' 'You shall 
ow h,' (says Dekker, speag of a rival author, [that , Samuel 
Rowlands] whom he calls ' a Usurper') ' by h Habments, for y 
the furniturc he weares) hee will bee ken for a Beadle of Bride- 
well.' That flis ' User' w Rowlands, we know 1)y the latteras 
sang  3l«rtiu 3lark-all, leaf E, i back, 'although ho (the Bel-man, 
that is, ])elker) is Lol,1 to cl me an vsurper ; for so he dofl in 
lt round.' 
Well, from this treatise of Rowland2, Ir W h me the 
foHog extrac relating to Dekker and Hama gether with 
Rowlands's own list ¢,f slang words hot in Dekker or Harm, d 
' fle eour iu his [I)ekker's] words, and tme englishing of the 
ffartin J[ar-all, Beadle of Bridewell ; Ms de and Acre 
B«Iman of Long, Disc the goncl gill and Reglmt 
of Rogues, w thj first began to ke head, and  th  c- 
ceeded  te otl ccessily vn the e and tieth yeare of 
H«n te eigt, gatl, out of tàe ricle of eropes, 



Orderunt peccare boni vlrtutis amore, 
Orderunt peccare mali formidine poenoe. 
London 
P, qnted foe Iohn Budge and RichardBonian. 1610. 
'Malin Mark-ail, his Apologie to tbe Bel-man oï London. There 
bath been of late dayes great paines taken on the part of the good 
Bel-man of London, in discouering, as bec thinks, a new-round Nation 
and People. Let it be so for tbis time : hereupon ranch adoe wa ruade 
in setting forth tbeir ]iues, order of |iuing, metbod of speecb, and vsua|l 
meeting's, with diuers otber things thereunto appertaining. These 
volumes and papers, now spread euerie where, so tbat eucrie Iacke-boy 
now can say as well as the proudest of that fraternitie, "will you wapp for 
a wyn, or tranie for a make ?" Tbe gentle Company of Cursitours began 
now to stirre, and looke about them ; a»d hauing gathered together a 
Conuocation of Canting Caterpil]ars, as wel in the North parts at tbe 
Diuels arse apeake  as in the South, tbey diligently enquircd, and 
straight seareh was ruade, whether any had reuolted from that faithles 
fellowsbip. Herupon enery one gaue bis verdict: some «npposed that 
it might be sone one lhat, bauing ventured to farre beyoud wit and 
good taking heede, was fallen into tbe bands of tbe lIagistrate, and 
carrled to the trayning Cheates, where, in shew of a penitcnt heart, and 
remoarse of bis good time il| spent, turned tbe cocke, and let out ail : 
others thougbt it might he some spie-knaue that, bauig little to doc, 
tooke vpon bim the habite and forme of an Hermite ; and so, vy dayly 
commercing and diseoursing, learned in time the mysterie and know]ege 
of this ignoble profession : and others, because it sme]t of a study 
deemed it to he some of their owne companle, that bad been at 
free-schoole, and belike, beeause hec would be handsome against a good 
rime, tooke pen and inke, and wrote of that subieet ; t]ms, Tot homines, 
rot sententioe, so many men, so many nindes. Aud ail because the spight- 
fui| Poet wou|d hot set too his naine. At last. vp starts an old Caco° 
demical] Aeademicke witb his frize bonneL and giues tbem al to know, 
that this inveetiue was set foortb, ruade, and printed Fortie yeeres agoe. 
And being then called, ' A caueat for Cursitors,' is now new]y printed, 
and termed, The Bel-man of London," ruade at first by one ]Iaster Har- 
man, a lutice of Peace in Kent, in Queene Marie's daies,----he being tben 
about ten yeeres of age.' Sigo. A. 2. 
'They (the vagabonds) baue a ]anguage among" themselues, eo|n- 
posed of omnium 9atherum; a glimering whereof, one of |are daies hath 
endeuoured to manifest, as farre as bis Anthour is pleased to be an in- 

• Vhere at this day the logues of the North part, once euerie three yeeres, 
assemble in the night, becauoe they will hot be seene and epied ; being a 
place, to those that know it, verie fit for that purpos,--it being hollow, and 
ruade spaeiou roder ground ; at tiret, by etimation, halfe a mlle in compasse ; 
but it bath sueh turnings and rounding in it, that a man may easily be lost if 
hec enter oot with a _guide. 



8AMUEL ROWLtNDS8 MARTIIf MARK-ALL. 

telligencer. The substance whereof he leaueth for those that will dilate 
thereof ; enough for hii to haue the praise, other the paines, notwith- 
standing ]arman's ghost continuaily clogging his conscienii with ic 
Vos mm Vol.'--Sign. C. 3 baclr 1 
' Because the Bel-mau entreateth any that is more rich in canting, 
to leud him better or more with variety, he will repay lais loue double, 
! haue thought good, hot only to shew his errour in some places in set- 
ting downe olde wordes vsed fortie yeeres agoe, before he was borne, for 
wordes that are vsed in these dayes (although he is bold fo call me an 
vsurper (for so he doth in his last round), and hot able to rnaintayne the 
title, but haue eularged his Dictionary (or M«tcr Harman's) with such 
wordes as I thinke hee neuer heard of (and yet ic vse too) ; but hot out 
f vaine glorie, as his ambition is, but, indeede, as an experienced souidier 
that hath deerely paid for it: and thereforc it shail bc honour good 
enough for hirn (if hot too good) to corne vp with the Reare (I doe but 
shoote yonr owne arrow back againe), and not to haue the leading of 
the Van as he rneanes to doe, although smali credite in the end wili re- 
d«,und to eyther. You sha]! know the woates hot set in eyther his 
Dictionaries by this marke § : and for she,ving the errour in his words, 
and true englishiug of the saute aud other, this marke ¶ sha!! serue 
§ Abram, rnadde 
§ IIe n]aunds Abrarn, ho begs as a madde man 
¶ Bung, is now vsed for a pocket, heretofore for a purse 
§ Budge a beake, runne away 
§ A Bite, secreta mulierum 
§ Crackmans, the hedge 
§ To Casteli, to see or looke 
§ A Roome Cuttle, a sword 
§ A Cuttle bung, a knife to eut a purse 
§ Chepernans, Cheape-side market 
ç Chates, the Galiowes: bere he mistakes both the simple word, be- 
cause he so found it printed, not knowing the true originali thereof, 
and aiso in the compound ; as for Chates, it should be Cheates, 
which word is vsed genera]ly for thiugs, as Tip me that Cheate, 
Giue me that thing: so that if you wili make a word for the 
Gallous, you must put thereto this word trejning, whicb signifies 

 Of the above pas.sages, Dekker speaks in the following rnanner :--" There 
is an Vsurper, that of late bath taken vpon him the naine of the Belrnan ; but 
being hot able to rnaintaine that title, hee doth now call himselfe the Bel-maus 
brother; his ambition is (rather out of vaine-glory then the true courage of au 
experienced Souldier) fo haue the leading of the Van ; but it sha]l be honor 
good enough for him (if hot too good) to corne vp with the Rere. You sha]l 
know him by his Habi]iments, for (by the furnituxe he weares) he will be 
taken for a 'ead/z OE ridelL It is thought he is rather a Newter then a 
frieud to the cause : aud therefore the Bel-man doth here openly protest tbat 
hee cornes into the field as no fellow in arme with him."--Oper se 0 (1612 
edit.), sigu. A. 2. 



haagiag ; and so trnin 9 cheate is as much to say, haaging things, 
or the Gallous, and hot Ghat. 
§ A fl]ieke, a Theefe 
§ Famblers, a paire of Gloues 
§ Greeaemaas, the fields 
§ Gilkes for the glgger, false keyes for the doore os picklockes 
§ Gracemans, Gratious streete market 
§ [ockam, a man's yard 
§ Ian, a purae 
§ Iere, a turd 
§ .Lugges, eares 
§ Loges, a passe or warrant 
§ A Feager of Loges, oas that beggeth with false passes or counterfeit 
writings 
§ Numans, Newgate Market 
¶ Nigliag, compaay keeping with a woman: this word is hot vsed 
now, but walin#, and thereof cornes tl,e naine walliny morts, 
whoores. 
§ To plant, to bide 
¶ Smellar, a garden ; hot smelling cheate, for that's a Nosegay 
§ Spreader, butter 
§ Whittington, Newgatc. 
" And thus hauc I runne oucr thc Canter's Dictionary; to speake 
more st large would aske more rime then I I,«tue allotted me ; yet in 
this short time th.t I haue, I meane to sing song for song with the 
Belman, ere I wholly Issue him." [Here follow three Cantiag Soags.] 
Sign. E 1, backE 4. 
" And fllus hath the Belman, through his pitifull ambition, caused 
we to write that I would hot : A,d whereas he disclaims the naine of 
Brotherhood, I here vtterly renounce him & his fellowship, as hot de- 
sirous to he rosolued of anything he professeth on this subiect, knowiug 
my selfe to be as fully iastructed herein as euer he was."Sign. F. 
In the second Part of his BeIm«n of Loulon, namely, 168 
Lanthme and Candle-light, 1609, Dekker printed a Dictionary of 
Canting, which is only a reprint of Harman's (p. 82-4, below). 
few extracts from this Lanthorne are subjoincd : 
Uantinj. 
" This word cantin 9 seemes to bee deriued from the latine verbe 
canto, which signifies in English, to siag, or to make a souad witl 
words,that is to say, to speake. And very aptly may cantin 9 take his 
deriuation, a cantando, from siaging, becanse, amongst these beggerly 
consorts that can play vpon no better instruments, the laaguage of 
cant/n# is a kiad of musicke ; and ho that in such assemblios can cant 



XX I)EKKE,* LA_VTHO__VK A-VD TAN'DL-LIGFY. 

best, is counted the best Musitian."--Dekker' s Lanthorne aut Oandle-ltght  
B. 4. back. 
lecimen of" Ca.ntinç rithraea." 
"Enoughwith bowy Coue maund e, 
Tour the Patring Coue in the Darkeman Ce, 
Docked the Dell, for a Coper meke 
llis wach shall feng a Prouuces Nab-chete, 
Cyarum, by Salmo, d thou shalt pek my Iere 
In thy Gau, for my watch it is nace gere, 
For the bene bowse my watch hath a win, &c." 
Dekr's Lant]e, &c., C. !. back. 

A speeimen of "Canting prose," with translation, is given on 
the saine page. 
Dekker's dictionary of Canting, given in Lanthorne and Candle- 
light , is the saine as that of Harman. 
" A Cantiug Song. 
The Itufln cly the nab of thc Harmau beck, 
If wc mawn'd Pannam, lap or Ruff-peck, 
Or poplars of yarum : he cuts, bing to the tlulTmans, 
Or els he swcares by the ligbt-mans, 
To put our stamps in the Harmns, 
The ruflàan cly thc ghost of thc llarman beck 
If we heaue a booth we cly thc Ierke. 
If we niggle, or nfill a bowsing Keu 
Or nip a boung that bas but a 
Or dttp the giger of a Gcntry cofe's ken, 
To the quier cuffing we bing, 
And then to the quiet Ken, to scowrc the Cramp ring, 
And thcn to the Trin'de on thc chates, in the lightmans 
The Bube ad Ruflïan cly the IIarman beck and harmans. 
Thus Englished. 
Thc Diuc|l takc the Constable's head, 
If wc beg Bacon, Butter-tni]ke, or bread, 
Or Pottagc, to the hedge he bids vs hie 
Or sweares (by this light) i' th' stocks we shall lie. 
The Deuill haunt the Constable's ghoast 
If wc rob but a Booth, we are wbip'd st a poast. 
If an aie-bouse we rob, or be tane with a whore, 
Or cut a purse that bas inst a penny, and no more, 
Or corne but stealing in st a Gentlernan's dore 
To the Iustice straight we goe, 
And then to the Iayle to be shakled : And so 



To be hang'd on the gallowes i' th' day timc: the pox 
And the Deuill take the Constable and his stocks." 
/b/d. C. 3. back. 
Richard Head (says r Hotten),  h Engl[h Rogue, dcried 
in tho Lfe of leton Latroon, a lVitl9 Ex,ravagent, 4 vols. 12mo., 
171-80, gave "a glossary of Cant words ' used by the Giçsi' ; but 
if ws only a reprit of what Decker had given sty years belote," 
and therefore merely ken om Harman too. 'The iboaphy 
of Slang, Cant, and Vgar Lan ' h been given so fly af thc 
end of  Hotten's Slang Dictionary, that I exce myse om 
pursng the subject farher. I only add hero Mr Wood'a extrac 
from four of the treat on th aubject not noficed by Mr otn 
 the 1864 edition of s Dicfionary, but contaed (with others) in 
a most cous volume  e Bfitish Ieum, labced Practice ¢ 
Robbers,re Mark 518. h. 2., ao some of the slang wor in 
the little books hot ven by Haman  : 
1.  till«s of this ation amed, in a brioE yet notab& 
Discove OE House-breakers, P&k-pocke, &c. Togethcr with the LOEe of 
a penitent Hh-y-man, discoveng the Mysto T of lhat Ifernal odety. 
To which is , the 3[ann of Hecring and trapannlug, as it is ted 
in a about the City OE Lolon. Lo, Prin for M. H. at the Pri 
As, in Chanc-ne. 1659. 
Ken = millet, house-breaker 
low or mint = wlth or money 
Gigers jacked = locked doors 
Tilers, or Cloyers, equivalent to shoplifiers 
Joseph, a cloak 
Bung-nibber, or Cutpursc : a pickpocket. 

2. A |Varning for Housekcepers ; or, A discov« T of all sorts of tlieves 
and Robbers which go umler theee titles, viz.--The Gilter, the JIill, the 
GlaMer, Budg and Snudg, File-lifter, Tongue-axlder, The private Thelf. 
|Vith Directions low to prevent them, Alto an exact description of cveu! one 
of their Practices. Written by one who was a Prisoncr in lew9atc. 
Printed for T. Newton, 1676. 
Glasiers, thieves who ente," bouses, thro' windows, first remouing a 
pane of glass (p. 4). 

 We quote from four out of the rive tracts contained in the volume. The 
title of the tract we do hot quote is 'ttanging mot Punishnent cnough,' etc., 
London, 1701. 



XXïl FfIG FOR HOUEKEEER. STREET ROBBERIES. 

Tho following is a Budg and Snudg song :-- 
"The Budge it is a delicate trade, 
And a delicate trade of faine ; 
Fr when that we bave bit the bloe, 
We carry away the gaine : 
But if the cully nap us, 
And the lurres from us take, 
0 then they rub us to the whitt, 
And it is hardly worth a nmke. 
But when tl,at we corne to tl,e whitt 
Our Darbies to behold, 
And for to take our penite,cy, 
And boose the water cold. 
But when that we corne out agen, 
As we walk along the street, 
We bite the Culley of his cole, 
But we are rubbed unto the whitt. 
And when t|,at we corne to the wbitt, 
For garnish they do cry, 
Mary, faugh, you son of a wh. 
Ye shall have it by and by. 
But when that we corne to Tyburn, 
For going upon the budge, 
There stands Jack Catch, that son of a w 
That owes us ail a grudge 
And when that he hath noosed ,s 
And out friends tips him nu colc 
O tllen ho throws us in the cart 
And tumbles us into the hole."--(pp. 5, 6.) 
On the last page of this short tract (which consists of eight pages) 
wo are promisod : 
'" In the next Part you shall have a fuller description." 

3. treet Yobberies considcf d ; The reason of their being so fra]ue,t, 
with probable means fo Frevent 'em: To which is added thre hort 
Treaties--1. A Warning for Travellers; 2. Observations on House- 
brealcers ; 3. A Caveat for Sho])kœeeFers. London J. Yoberts. [no date] 
Written by a converted Thief. 
Shepherd is mentioned in this book as being a clever prison 
breaker (p. 6). Thero is a long list of slang words in this tract. 
The following are only a few of them : 
Abram, Naked Chive, a Knife 
Betty, a Picklock Clapper dudgeon, a beggar born 
Bubble-Buff, Bailiff Collar the Cole, Lay hold on the 
Bube, Pox money 



Cull, a silly fellow 
Dads, an old man 
Darbies, Iron 
Diddle, Geneva 
Earnest, share 
EIf, little 
Fencer, receiver of stolen goods 
Fib, to beat 
Fog, smoke 
Gage, Excisernan 
Gilt, a Picklock 
Grub, Provender 
Hic, booby 
Hog, a sbilling 
Hum, strong 
Jern, Ring 
Jet, Lawyer 
Kick, Sixpence 
Kin, a thief 
Kit, Dancing-rnaster 
Lap, Spoon-rneat 
Latch, let in 
Leake, Welshrnan 
Leap, ail safe 
Mauks, a whore 
liill, to beat 
llish, a srnock 
lfundungus, sad stufl 
lgan, a Inaid of tbe house 
Nap, an arrest 

Nirnming, stealing 
Oss Chives, Bone-handled knives 
Otter, a sailor 
Peter, Portrnantua 
Plant the Whids, take care what 
you say 
Popps, Pistols 
lubbs, bard shifts 
Rumbo Ken, Pawn-brokers 
Rum Mort, fine Wornan 
8tuable, taken 
8rneer, a painter 
8naflers, Highwayrnen 
Snic, to eut 
Tattle, watch 
Tic, trust 
Tip, give 
Tit, a horse 
Tom Pat, a parson 
Tout, take beed 
Tripe, the hclly 
Web, cloth 
Wobble, Lo boil 
Yarn, to eat 
Yelp, a crier 
Yest, a day ago 
Zad, crooked 
Znees, Frost 
Zouch, an ungenteel man 
&c., a Booksellcr 

"The Kiug of the Night, as thc Constables please to terrn thernselves, 
shouhl be a little more active in their employment ; but ail their busi- 
ness is to get to a watch bouse and guzzle, till their rime of going home 
cornes." (p. 60.) 
"A small bell to Window Shutters would be of admirable use to pre- 
vent Housebreakers." (p. 70.) 

4. A truc discover 9 of the Conduct tf Receivers ald Thief-Takcrs, in 
and about the Cit 9 of Lodoz, &c.. &c. London, 1718. 
This pamphlet is "design'd as preparatory to a larger Treatise, 
wherein shall be propos'd àIethods to extirpate and suppress for the 
future such villanous Practices." It is by "Charles Hitchin, one of 
the Marshals of the City of London." 
I now take leave of Harman, with a wman commendation of 
fo the reader. 



g.lV 

The thixd piece in the present volume is a larky Sermon in 
praise of Thieves and Thievery, the title of which (p. 93, below 
happened to catch my eye when I was turning over the Cotton 
Catalogue, and which was printcd here, as well from its suit- 
ing the subject, as from a pleasant recollection of a gallop some 30 
years ago in a four-horse coach across Hafford-]3ridge-Flat, where 
Parson Haben (or Hyberdyne), who is said fo bave prcached the 
Sermon, was no doubt robbed. My respected friend Goody-goody 
declarcs the sermon to be 'dreadfully irreverent ;' but one needn't 
nind him. An earlicr copy than the Cotton one turned up among 
the Lansdowne ][SS, and as it differed a good deal from the Cotton 
text, it bas been printed opposite fo that. 
Of the fourth piece in this litt]e volume, The Groundwor'ke o.f 
Conn9-catching , less its reprint ïrom Harman, I bave spoken above, 
at p. xiv. There was no good in printing the whole of it, as we 
should then have had Harman twice over. 

The growth of the present Text was on this wise: Mr Viles 
suggested a reprint of Stace'a reprint of Harman in 1573, after if had 
been read with the original, and collated with the earlier editions. 
The first edition I couhl not find, but ascertained, with some trouble, 
and through Mr x,V. C. Hazlitt, where the second and third editions 
ere, and borrowed the 3rd of ira ever-generous owner, 1 lienry 
Huth. Then ]Ir Hazlitt told me of Awdeley, which he thought was 
borrowed from Harman. However, Harman's own words soon 
settled that point; and Awdeley had to precede Harman. Then 
the real bagger from Harman, the Groundworl,'e, had to be added, 
after the Parson's Sermon. Mr Viles read the proofs and revises 
of Harman with the original : Mr Vood and I bave ruade the Index ; 
and I, because 5If Vfles is more despemtely busy than myself, bave 
written the Preface. 
The extracts from Mr J. P. Collier naust be talen for what they 
are worth. I bave not had rime fo verify them ; but assume them to 
be correct, and not ingeniously or unreasonably altered from their 
originals, like Sir Collier's print of Henslowe's iIemorial, of which 



MR P&YIqE COLLIEP,'8 WOIK AND KLTER&TIOIqE. XXV 

Dr Ingleby complains) and like his notorious Alleyn leter. H seine 
one only would follow Mr Collier through al] his workpending 
hoped-for ]etrattions,--and assure us that he two pieces above- 
named, and the Perkins Folio, re the only things we neecl reject, 
such ome-one would tender a grea service te all literry ani- 
quarians, and enable them te de justice te he wonderful diligence, 
knowledge, and aumen, of the veeran pioneer in their path. Cer- 
tainly, in most of the small finds which we workers af this Text 
thought we had ruade, we afterwards round we had been anti¢ipated 
by Mr Collier's Regier of te tatioers' Uop«/, or BibHo- 
grapMcal Uatalog«, and hat the faits were there rightly sted. 

I Te obviate the possibi]ity of mistake in the lection of this curious docu- 
ment, Mr E. W. Ashbee bas, af my request, and by permission of the Governors 
of Dnlwich College (where the paper is preserved), furnished me with an exact 
fac-simile of it, worked off on somewhat similar paper. ]3y means of this fac- 
simile my readers may readily assure themselves that in no part of the me- 
morial is Lodge ca]led a «, p]ayer ; » indeed ho is net called "Thos. Lodge," 
and it is only an inference, an unavoidable oenclnsion, that the Lodge here 
spoken of is Thomas Lodge, the drmatist. Mr Collier, however, professes 
find that ho is there called "Thos. Lodge," and that it [the MemorialJ contains 
this remarkable grammatical inversion ; 
"and havcinge corne knowledge and acquaintannce of bim as a player, 
requested me te be his baile," 
which is evident]y intended te mean, a I lad 8orne knowldgo and acguaint- 
anee of Idge a a plan/er, hœe etwgtod 7ne te be his baile. But in this place 
the original paper rends thus, 
"and havinge of me seine knowledge and acq]aintaunce requeste«! me 
te bc his bayle," 
meaning, of conre, Lodge, having 8orne knowledge and acgvta.intance of 
reŒEEuvsted e te ho )i. bail. 
The interpolation of the rive words needed te corroborate Mr Collier's 
explanation of the miquoted passage frein Gosson, and the omission of two 
other words inconsistent with that interpolation, may be thought te exhibit 
seine little ingenuity; it was, however, a feat which conld bave ¢ost him -no 
great pains. But the labour of recasting the orthogrphy of the memorial 
must bave been considerble ; wlr]le it i difficnlt te imagine a rational motive 
te ac¢ount for snch labour being incurred. Te expand the abbreviation8 and 
modernize the orthogrphy might bave been expedient, as it would have been 
easy. But, in thc naine of reason, what is the gain of writing 'lware 
tl, ero for "where" and "there;" cleere, leeld, and *neerly for "clore," 
• ' yealde," and "merely;" ,erie, anis, lie, ¢ai, paie, 1.18sue , and pry,,ily, for 
"very," "any," "iay," "way, .... pay," "issue," and "privylie ;" 8ondrie, be9on, 
and doon for "sundrie, .... began," and "don;" and tlintont, tlction, and 
thazceptaunce for «the lutent, .... the action," and "the acceptannce"f--p. 14 
of Dr C. M. Ingl/Iby's ' tVa8 mna8 Lodge an Aetor ? An _,zposition tmwMg 
tl Eocial tat of tlw laywright in tlw rime of Qwon tzabetlt." Frinted 
for the Author by R. Barrett and Sons, 13 Mark Lane, 1868. '2.8. d. 



• XV PRINT TE 8TAT|ONER  REGISTEIo 
That theoe  p mel   ÇoeFs work, and a ood de 
of it, few  dou ; but the dross nee re out. I hopc 
tt the first sp  the procs y e the pti of the whole 
of the Statioe' Reste from the s  1700 at lt, by the 
Cmden Society,th whos range th work weH H,r by 
the new Harleian or some other ociety. It ought hot  be left 
tu th « rly gh Tcxt' tu du some 20 yea hence. 
F. J. FURNIVALL. 
29 OV., 1869. 

P.S. For a curious Ballad describing beggars' tricks in the 17th century, 
say about 1650, see the Roxburghe Collection, i. 42-3, and the Ballad Society's 
reprint, now in the press for 1869, i. 137-4:1, "T]w cunning $rortherne Bcggar': 
1. he shams lame ; 2. he prctends tu be a pour soldier ; 3. a sailor ; 4. cripple ; 
5. diseased : 6. festered ail over, aud face daubvd with bloud ; 7. blind ; 8. haa 
had his house burnt. 

FORETALK TO NEW SHAKSPERE SOCIET¥'S I:EPRhNT (1880). 
THOMA8 HARMAN'8 Will (p. xiv, above) I couldn't find at Doctors' Commons 
when I searcht for it, though three John-Harluan wills of his time turnd up. 
The print of tbe tationers' Registers calld for above, bas since been 
produc't by Mr. Arber, tu whose energy we are ail su much indebtcd for sucb 
numbers of capital texts ; and tbe book only needs an Index tu be of real use. 
The eutries ou p. il, ri, vil, above, are in Arber's Traascript, i. 157, 334, .345. 
(ee too i. 34s, 369.T) The Hunterian Club, Glasgow, reprinted, in 1874, 
S. Rowland's Martia Mark-all (p. xvi, above) from the tcxt of 1610, in its 
handsome edition of ail Rowlands's works. 
As couected, more or less, with the Vagabonds of London, I add, opposite, 
a copy of the curious cut of the notorious 8oulhwark brothel, 'Holland's 
Leaguer' in 1632, on which Mr. Rendle has commented in his " Bankside, 
Southwark," tlarrion, Part II. p. ix-x, and thc site of which is shown on 
tbe left of out tiret plan from Roqu«'s Map, lb. p. 67 . 
Tbe Brothcl isshown, says lHr. Ebsworth, (Amada Jallud, 1880, p. 507), 
oriified and sentried, as kept by a Mrs. I-lo]land, before 1631. "Thc picture 
was froutispiece of a quarto pamphlet, ' Hollan«r,s Leag. uer ; or, an Ilistorical 
Discmtrse of thc L.fc and Actions of 1_)mn Jdri2ani«'a IIollandiz, tiw Arch 
M;stris of thc viclwd women of Eutopia : vherei i detected the notorious oeinne 
of P««ndar[sme,' etc., sm. 4fo. printed by A. M. for Richard Barnes, 1632 .... 
'" Holland's Leaguer elaimed to be an island out of the ordinaryjuri8dietion. 
The portculli8, drawbridge, moat, and wieket for espial, as well as an armed 
bully or Pandar fo quell dirteeable intruderz, if by ehaneo they got 
admittanee without responsible introduction, ail point to an organized system. 
There were also the garden-wall for auntering sud 'doing a spell of 
embroidery, or fine work,' i.e. flirtation; the summer-house that was pro- 

c i. 270 : A ballett intituled Tutu Tdl Trut], ,.v. 1565 ; and i. 307, 'an interlude, 
tac Cruxll Dett¢r by Wager»' licenst tu Colwell in 1565-6. 



IO,ET&LK TO EIRIT 01 10. 

verbi«lly f«nxou« or inf«moue for intriguee, end the rver eonveniently near for 
diepossl of ewkwrd vieitors who rnight hve met with rnieaIvenLtre. 
" Shckerly Mrmion's 'excellent comedy' ]Zolln'z Leaguer, 1632, was 
reprinted in 1875, in William Paterson of Edinburgh's choice series, Dranatistz 
of tlw Iletoratio. The fourth act gives an exposure of tbe Leaguers' garri- 
son, where riot, disease, and robbery are unchecked. Thus Trimalcl«i sa}s, 
' I threw tby Cerberu a sleepy norsel, 
And paid thy Chaton for my waflae over, 
And I have a golden sprig for rny t'roserFi. 
Ba.l : Then you are welcome, Sir !  

"Yet before long the visifors are shouting ' ]Iur«ler I ]lurder I ' 
' They bave spoHd us 
Of our cloaks, our hats out swords, and o,,r noney. 
My brother talked of b,,ihiing of a score, [i. e. "Tick 't."] 
And straight they seized or cloaks for the recko,in..'" 
"The long-credit system did hot suit st that establishment, where the health 
and lives of visitors were uninsured. The ProIrietress had e3rly declared tbe 
free list to be entirely suspended : 
' l'Il take no ticket nor no fture stipends. 
OEis hot false titles, or denominations 
Of «,flïcs can doit. I must has'e rnoney. 
TclI them so. Draw the bridge.'--(Act iv. sc. 2.) ' 



With a description of the crafty company of 
{g0us0nrrs an $iftrrs. 

 Wherunto also is adioyned 
otherwyse called 
a uarttr of aut. 

Gonfirmed for euer by Cocke ZorelL 
(*) 
¶ The Vprightman speaketh. 
Out Brotherhood of Vacabondes, 
If you would know where dwell : 
In graues end Barge which syldome standes. 
The talke wyll shew ryght well. 
¶ Cocke Lorell aunswereth. 
Some orders of my Knaues also 
In that Barge shall ye fynde : 
For no where shall ye w.a2ke l trow, 
But ye shall sec their kynde. 

¶ Imprinted at London by Iohn Awdeley, dwellyng in little 
Britayne streete without A]dersgato. 
1575. 

' Orig. Brothethood. 
1 



¶ The t)rinter fo le Reader. 

His brotherhood of Yacabondes, 
To shew that there be such in deede • 
Both Iustices and men of Landes, 
Wyll testifye it if if neede. 
For af a Sessions as they sat, 
By chaunce a Vacabond was got. 

ff W-ho promysde ff they would him spare, 
And keepe his naine from knowledge then : 
He would as straunge a thing declare, 
As euer they ]:new synce they were nen. 
But ff my fellowes do know (sayd he) 
That thus I dyd, they would kyll me. 

ff They graunting him this his request, 
He dyd declare as here is read, 
Both names and states of most and least, 
Of this their Yacabondes brotherhood. 
Which at the request of a worshipful man 
I haue set if forth as well as I ca 

FINIS. 



both rg and beggerly, 
theh" proper namcs and qua]des. 
ereto are aoyned 
tbe compan of OEausaners an Çifter. 

 AN ABRAIAM MAN. 
N Abmham mu is he that walketh bare aed, and be legged, 
d eth hym sexe mad, and caryeth a packe of woel, or a 
stycke th baken on it, or such lyke toy, and nsmeth ee poeze 
 A RUFFE 
A Ruffeler goeth th a wpon to seee seruce, sang he 
bene a Serutor  the rs, and Keth for s reliefe. But his 
chiefest tde  to bbe poorc waag men and market omen. 
 A PRYGM. 
A Pryan goeh with a stycke  hys hnd ke  idle peon. 
s propeye is to stee cloathes of the hedge, ch they  
sg of the Roge : or e h Pot, g em  the 
ehouse, whych they c the Bowsg , & ther s phg at 
cardes and dice, tyl that is spent wch they ue  lched. 



4 AWDELEY. THE FRATERNITY OF VACABONDES. 

4 A WHIPIBOK. 
A Whypiacke is one, that by cou]or of a coteffaite Lence 
(wch they OE a Gye, and the sexes they car Iarckes) doth vse 
 beg lyke a Mer, But hys cefest trade  te mb Bowth  
a Fae, or te per ware from ses, wch they c heang of the 
Bowt 
 AFTER. 
A Fmr goeth h a ke Lence te beg for seine Spittlehouse 
or Hoepital. The pray is commoy vpon ,areb.] poore women  
they go and corne te the Markets. 
 A QUIRE BIRD. 
A Quire bd is one that me lately out of po & goeth te 
seeke seice. He  comonly a saler of Ho, which they terme 
a Pfiggar of PaoEreys. 
 AN vPRIGHT MAN. 
An Vpht man  one tt goe h the teMon of a staffe, 
wMch staffe they e a Fflan. T man is of se much author- 
ity, tt meetg th any of  profession, he may cM them te 
accompt, & commad a share or snap   sexe, of  that they 
haue gained by the ade  one monet And ff he doo them 
ong, they haue no remedy agat h, no though he beate them, 
 he voeth commoy te de. He may also commaund any of the 
women, whieh they cal Doxies, te sexe h tne. He bath ye 
cefe place af any rket walke, & other embles, &  net of any 
te be conled. 
  CURTL. 
A Cu1l is uch ke te the Vpght man, but hys authoty  
net fy se eat. He vseth cooy te go th a s cloke, 
le te Tey Fe, &  woman th   Hke Hue, which he 
OEeh h Altha if she be hys e, &  she be  harlo she  
ced hys Doxy. 
 A PLIARD. 
A PalHard is he that goeth  a pahed cloke, d hys 
goe in e 



AWDELEY. THE FRATERNITY OF VACABONDES. 
¶ A msz TOL. 
An rhe yle is he tt caeth  ware  hys waHet,  lac, 
ps, çotes, and ch e. He vseth to shew no war t he 
haue s almes. d  the good man and wyfe be hot in the way, 
he procumth of thc chi]Hn or sents a fle of wool, or the 
woh of j.d. of some other tng, for a woh of s wares. 
[le 3.] 
A Iackeman  he tt c write and ade, and somtime speake 
lat,. He vseth to make counteffaite cenc wch they c Gybes, 
and sers to Seal,  the langage c Iark. 
 SG. 
A Swygman goeth with a Peoeem poek. 
 A ABHMAN. 
A Van is ca£d a Pard, but net of the ht mkh. 
He vseth to 
beg. These men ye right Pilliar v ofn tes spore, but tbey 
da hot complayn. They be bitten with Spickvor, & somte th 
rts bane. 
A Tinkard lcaueth his ag a eating at the ehcuse, which 
flmy terme thc Dowsing In, and in the meane sn goeth abrode 
a begging. 
A wildc oge is he that hath no abiding pe but by  oetùour 
of goin abde fo e, is cooy to seeke me sn of his, 
and al{ that be of hys corporation be pmperly caHed es. 
A Kitc Co  ced  yoee ate Boy. 
 A TCN MORTES. 
A Kitc Ios  a Gle, she  brought st her f age to the 
Vpryght m  be broken, and so she  ed a Doxy, t she 
corne  ye honor of an thaoE 



 ADELEY. T/E FRATERITY OF 
¶ 
No iay  wch go abroge working c and 
string, hey ne them Doi. 
 A PATRI CO. 
A Patriarke Co doth ake riages, & that is vntiH 
dcath dert the ed foe, hich is afr t sot: When 
they coe fo a dea Horse o any dead CteH, then they shake 
and  dep eue oe of them  seueraH way 

¶ THE COMPANY OF COUSONERS AND SHIFTERS. 

 A CURTESY MAN. 
A Curtesy man is ont that walketh about the back lanes in 
London in the day rime, and sometime in the broade streetes in the 
night season, and when he meeteth some handsome yong man clenly 
apareled, or some other honest Citizen, he maketh humble saluta- 
tions and low curtesy, and sheweth him that he bath a worde or two 
fo speake with his mastership. This child can behaue him selfe 
manerly, for he wyll dcsire him that he talketh withall, to take the 
vpper hand, and shew him much reuerence, and at last like ]ris 
familier acquaintaunce will put on his cap, and walke syde by syde, 
and talke on this fashion : Oh syr, you seeme to be a man, and one 
that fauoureth men, and therefore I ara the more bolder to breake 
my mind vnto your good maistership. Thus if is syr, ther is a cer- 
taine of vs (though I say if both taule and handsome men of theyr 
hands) which haue corne lately from the wars, and as God knoweth 
haue nothing to take to, being both maisterles and morilles, & know- 
ing no way wherby to yerne one peny. And further, wher as we 
haue bene welthely brought vp, aud we also haue boene had in good 
estimation, we are a shamed now to declare out misery, and to fall 
a crauing as common Beggers, and as for fo steale and robbe, (God is 
out record) it striketh va fo oet ] the hart, to thinke of such a 
mischiefe, that euer any handsome man should fall into such a 



AWDELEY. THE FRATERITY OF VACABONDES. 7 
daunger for thy8 worldly trastL "Vtdch if we had to suffise out 
want and necessity» we should neuer seeke thus shamefast]y to craue 
on such good pityfull men as you seeme fo be, neither yet so daunger- 
oualy fo hasarde out liues for so vyle a thing. Therefore good syr, 
as you seeme fo be a handsome man your selle, and also such a one 
as pitieth the miserable case of handsome men, as now your eyes 
and countenaunce sheweth to haue some pity vppon this my m/ser- 
able complainte : So in Gods cause I require your maistershyp, & in 
the behalfe of my poore aflîicted fellowes, wh/ch though here in sight 
thcy cry hot with me fo you, yet wheresouer they bee, I ara sure 
they cry vnto God fo moue the heartes of some good men to shew 
forth their liberality in this behalfe. AI1 which & I with them craue 
now the saine request st your good masterships hand. Vith these or 
such like words he frameth his tlke, lgow ff the party (wh/ch he 
thus talketh withall) profereth hym a peny or .ii.d. he taketh if, but 
verye scornful]y, and st last speaketh on this sorte : Vrell syr, your 
good will is hOt to ho refused. But yet you shall vnàerstanà (gooà 
syr) that this is nothing for them, for whom I do thus shamefastly 
entreate. Alas syr, it is hot a groate or .xii.à. I speake for, being 
such a company of Serniters as wee haue bene : yet neuertheles God 
forbid I should not receiue your gentle offer st this rime, hoping 
hereafter through your good motions to some such lyke good genfle- 
man as you be, that I, or some of my ïellowes in my place, shall 
finde the more liberality. These "kind of ydle Vacabondes wyll go 
commonly well appareled, xvithout t«t«.l any weapon, and in 
place where they meete together, as at their hosteryes or other places, 
they wyll beare the port of ryght goo gentlemen, & some are the 
more trusted, but commonly thei pay them wit stealing a paire of 
sheete% or Couerlet, & so take their farewell earely in the morning» 
before the mayster or dame ha sturring. 
'  CHOU O FGER. 
These commonly ha such kinde of idle Vacabondes as scarcely a 
man shall discerne, they go so gorgeoualy, sometime with waiting 
man, an sometime without. Their trade is to walke in such places» 
where as gentelmen & other worshlpfull Citizens do resort¢, as at 



t tem selu 
çce Çr cter. u cefly tey 
such (wch they haue 1 by dgent enqg 
so)  haue receed some porcio of money of theh" ends, 
yong ntlemen which arc sent 
some yong chant n or other kde of Occupier, whose end 
bath geuen them a stock of mony i to occupy tha. en they 
haue thus round out such a pray, they w find the meanes by the 
ffliaty,  very cteoly to bid m  breakeft at one place 
or other, where they are bt acquated, d closely amonge them- 
selu  ppot one of thcir Fraternity, ch they c a F- 
gerer,  olde beaten cde, hot onely  such deoeit» but ao such 
a one  by s agc is painted out th ay heares, ed face, 
crooked back, d most coonly ]ame,  if ght seeme th age» 
af ] yea and such a one  to shew a spcity» sh weare a 
homely cloke and bat scarce voh 
kght (being appointed to ts place) commeth   one not 
owen of the Cheatours, but  vnwares  sit do at the end 
of the bord where they s,  caH for his peny pot of ne, or a 
pte of e,  the ploee seeth. us sitting as if were alone, 
mblg on a cst, or some such hing, these oer yoncke w 
finde some d of mc tae th m, some times qutiog 
wher he dweHeth, & somet enquiring what tmde he vset wch 
comonly he tcEeth them he vseth husn: & tkg thus 
merely, at lt they ke , how sayest thou, Father, lt thou play 
for y breaast vith one of 
we s ? Thys olde Karle makg it straungc at the t saith : My 
ysters, ich ara an old man, d e blde, and can skyl of ve 
few g, yet for that you seeme  be such good Gentee  fo 
profer  play for that of which you d no pa, but onely I my 
sexe, and therefore of ght ich ara wohy to pay for it, I sh th 
al my ha ffyl yo requt. d so fe  play, somte at 
CarJes, & somete at ce. ch tough  counffait spcity 
 ri. mony 



AWDELEY. THE FKATERNITY OF VACABONDESo 9 
in the play somthnes ouer counteth himselî, or playeth somthnes 
against hs wyl, so as he would hot, & then counterfaiteth o be 
an, and falleth to swearing, & so leesing that, profereth to play for 
a shillyng or two. The other therat hauing good spor, seming to 
mocke  falleth againe to play, and so by their legerdemane, & 
couuterfMting, winneth ech of them a shilling or twain, & at last 
whispereth the yong man in the eare to play with hym also, that 
ech one might haue a fling at him. esf-%.] ls yong man for 
company îMl«th aaie to play also vrith the sayd Fyngerer, and 
neth as the other did whch when he had loste a noble or .ri. s. 
maketh as though he had lost al hs mony, and fall«th a intreating 
for parte thereof aaine to bring him home, whch the other know- 
ing his mind and intent, stoutely denieth and ieseth, & scoffeth at 
 This Finerer seeming then to be in a rage, desireth them as 
they are true gentlemen, to tarry till he f£tcb£thmore store of money, 
or ris to point some place v¢here they may me£te. They seeming 
greedy hereof, promiseth faithfully nnd clapp«th hndes so to meete. 
They thus ticyng the young man in the eare, willeth him to make 
as much money as he can, and they wil make as much as they can, 
and coet as though they 1 play booty against him. But in the 
ende they so vse the matter, that both the young man leeseth ts 
part, and, as it seemeh to him, they leesing theirs also, and so maketh 
as though they would fal together by the eares with thia fingerer, 
which by one wyle or other at las conueyeth him selle away, & they 
as it were rang lyke mad bedlams, one runneth one way, an other an 
other way, leauing the loser indeede ail alone. Thus these Che.atours 
at their accustomed hosteries meete closely together, and there re- 
ceiue ech one his part of this their vile spoyle. Of this fraternity 
there be that be called helpem, which commonly haunt tauernes or 
alehouses, and commeth in as men hot acquainted vith none in the 
companye, but spying them at any gaine, wfl byd them God spede 
and God be at their gaine, and vill so place him selfe tha$ he will 
shew his fellow by sygnes and tokens, without speech commonly, but 
sometime with far îetched t«t ] wordes, what cardes he bath in 
lais hand, and how he may play against him. And those betwene 
tlïem both gettet money out of the others purse. 



10 .WDELEY. TIE FR.TERN|TY OF VACA.BONDESo 
 A RING FALLEI 
A Ryng faller is he tht getteth fayre coIIer rins, some ruade lie 
siguet, & some aftcr ether fashio, vcry faire gy|ded, & walketh vp 
and down the streete, til he spieth some man of the country, or 
some eher simple body whom he thinketh ho may deeeaue, and so 
goeth a lyttle belote hn or them, and letteth fall one of these 
ringes, which when the party tht commeth aïter spieth and taketh 
it vp, he hauing an eye backward, crieth halle part, the party that 
taketh it vp, thinking it to be of great value, Irofereth hm some 
mouey for his part, vhich he hot fully denieth, but irill«th him to 
corne into some alehouse or tauerne, and there they  common 
vpon the matter. rhich when they corne in, and are set in some 
solitary I|ace (as common]y they call for sueh a place) there he desir- 
eth the party that found the rin to shew it hi hen he seeth 
it, ]te falleth a entreating th party that found it, and desireth hi 
to take money for hs part, and el]eth him that if euer he may do 
him any frendship hereafter he shal commund him, for he 
as though he were very desirous to haue if. The eymp|e man seein 
him so importune Vlon it, thinketh the ring to bee of great va|ure, 
and so is the more lother to prt from it. At ]ast this ring fller 
asketh him wht he wl eue him for his lart, for, saith he, seeing 
you wy| hot let me haue the ring, a]owe me my part, and take you 
the ring. The other asketh what he counteth the ring to be worth, 
he answereth, v. or ri. pound. 1o, saith he, it is hot so much 
wortl [« eb.] Well (saith this lingfaller) let me haue it, and 
wyll alow you .x s. for your part. The other party standyng in a 
doubt, and looking on the ryng, asketh if he wyll geue the money 
out of hand. The other answereth, he bath not so mueh ready 
mony about him, but he wil go fetch so mueh for him, if ho wil 
with him. The other that found the ring, thinking he meaneth tru]y, 
beginneth fo profer him .xx. s. for his part, semetymes more, or les, 
which he verye scornfullye refuseth at the first, and styl entreateth 
that he might haue the ring, which maketh the other more fonder of 
if, and desireth him to take the money for his part, & so profereth 
him money. This ring faller seing y mony, maketh it very straunge, 
and first questioneth with him whor he dwelleth, and asketh ldm 



&WDELEY. THE FRATERNITY OF V&CAONDES. 11 

what is his naine, & telleth him that he semeth to be an honest 
man, and theffore he ,vil do somwhat for friendships sake, hoping to 
haue as fricndly a pleasure at his hand hereafter, and so profercth 
hym for .x.s. more he should haue the ryng. At last, with entreatye 
on both pattes, he geueth the Ring faller the money, and so dcpart- 
eth, thinkyng he hath gotten a very great Iewelh These kynde of 
deceyuing Vacabondes haue other practises with their rings, as som- 
times to corne to buy wares of mens Prentesies, and somthnes of their 
iaisters, and when he bath agreed of the price, he sayth he hath not 
so much money about him, but pulleth of one of these rin of from 
his fyngers, and profereth to leaue it in pawne, tyl his l[aister or 
his friendes hath sene it, so promising to bring the money, the seller 
thinking ho meaneth truly, letteth him go, and neuer seeth him after, 
tyll perhaps at Tyburne or at such lyke place. Ther is another kinde 
of Of U these Ring choppers, which commonly cary about them a 
faire gold ring in deede, and t.hese haue other counterfait rings ruade 
so lykc this gold ring, as ye shal hot pereiue the contrary, tyl it be 
brought to y" touehstone. This child wyl corne to borow mony of 
the right gold ring, the party mistrusting the Ring not to be good, 
goeth to the Goldsmith with the partye that hath the ryng, and 
tryeth it whether it be good golde, and also wayeth it to know how 
much if is worth. The Goldsmith tryeth it to be good gold, and also 
to haue hys ful weight llke gold, and warenteth the party which shall 
lend the money that the ring is worth so much money according fo 
the waight, this yoncker comming home with the party which shall 
lend the money, and hauing the gold ring againe, putteth vp the 
gold ring, and pulleth out a counteffaite ring very like the saine, & 
so delluereth ';t to the party which lendeth the money, they thinking 
it to be the samo which they tryed, and so deliuereth the money or 
sometimes wares, and thus vily be deceiued. 



12 

.XXV. 

confirmed for euer by Coeke Lorell. 

1 TROLL AND TROLL 
Roll and Trol by, is he that setteth naught by no man, nor 
no man by him. This is he that would beare rule in a place, 
and bath none authority nor thanke, & af last is thrust out of the 
doore like a knaue. 
 TROLL WITH. 
Troll with is he that no man shall know the seruaunt from y 
Maister. This knaue with his cap on his head taefTb.] lyke Capon 
hard.y, wyll syt downe by his lIaister, or els go cheeke by cheeke 
vith him in the streete. 

3 TROLL HAZARD OF TRACE. 
Tmll hazard of trace is he that goeth behynde his Iaister as fat" 
as he may sec hym. Such knaues commonly vse to buy Spice- 
cakes, Apples, or other trifles, and doo eate thern as they go in the 
streetes lyke vacabond Boyes. 



AWDELEY. THE .XXV. ORDEP,,S OF KN'AUES. 13 
4 TROLL HAZARD OF TRITRCE. 
Troll hazard of tritrace, is he that goeth gaping after his ]_ster, 
looking to and fro tyl he haue los him. This knaue goeth gasyng 
about lyke a foole at euery toy, and then seeketh in euery bouse 
lyke a Maisterles dog, and when his ]aister nedeth him, he is to 
seeke. 
5 CHAFE LITTER. 
Chafe Litter is he that wyll plucke vp the Fether-bed or ]Iatrice, 
and pysse in the bedstraw, and wyl neuer ryse vncalleoE This 
knaue berayeth many tymes in the corners of his ]V[aisters chamber, 
or other places inconuenient, and maketh cleane hys shooes with the 
couer]et or curtaines. 
60BLOQUIUM. 
Ob]oquium is hee that wyll take a tale out of his Iaisters mouth 
and tell it him selle. He of right may be called a malapart knaue. 
7 RINCE PYTCHER. 
Rince Pytcher is he that will drinke out his thrift at the ale or 
wine, and be oft rimes dronke. This is a lcoryce knaue that will 
swill his ]Iaisters drink, and brybe his meate that is kept for him. 
8 TREY OODS O. 
Jeffery Gods Fo is he, that wil sweare & maintaine «ar si othes. 
This is such a lying knaue that none wil be]eue him, for the more he 
sweareth, ye les he is to be beleued. 
9 NICHOL HARTLES. 
Nichol Hartles is he, that when he should do ought for hi. 
]Iaister hys hart faileth him. This is a Trewand knaue that faineth 
himselfe sicke when he should woorke. 
10 SIMON SOONE AGON. 
Simon scorie agon is he, that when his ]Iayster hath any thing 
to do, he wil hide him out of the way. This is a loytring knaue that 
wil hide him in a corner and sleepe or els run away. 



14 A.WDELEY. THE .XXV. ORDER OF 

11 GRENE WINCHARD. 

Greene Vrinchard is he, that when his hose is brolen and hange 
out at his shoes» he will put them into his shooes againe with a 
stick, but he wyll hot amend them. This is a slouthfull knaue, 
that had leauer go lyle a begger then cleanly. 

12 PROCTOUR. 

Proctour is he, that will tary long, and bring a lyeo wben his 
dstcr sendeth him on his errand. This is a stibber ibbcr Knue, 
that doth fayne taes. 

13 COMMITOUR OF TIDINGES. 

Commitour of Tidings is he, that is ready to bring his Maister 
Nouels and tidinges, whether they be truc or false. This is a talc 
bearer knaue, that wyll report words spoken in his ]V[aisters presence. 

14 GYLE HATHER 

Gyle Hather is he, that wyll stand by his laistcr vhcn he is at 
dinner, and byd him beware that he eate no raw meate, because ho 
would eatc it himselfe. This is a piilthanke knaue, that would makc 
his V[aistcr «« sb.1 belcue that the Cowe is woode. 

15 BAWI)E PHISICKE. 

Bawde Phisicke, is he tht is a Cocke, when his [aysters meate 
is euyll dressed, and he chllenging him therefore, he wyl say he wyll 
eate the rawest morsel thereof him selle. This is a sausye knaue, 
that wyl contrary his Mayster alway. 

]6 MOUNCH PRESENT. 

]V[ounch presezt is he that is a great gentleman, for when his 
]V[ayster sendeth him with a present, he wil take a tast thereof by 
the waye. This is a bold knaue, that sometyme will eate the best 
and leaue the vor. for his layster. 



• WDELEY. THE .XXV. OS»ERS Or KNAU. 15 
17 COLE PROPHETo 
Cole Prophet is ho, that when his ]Iaister sendeth hhn on his 
errand, ho 1 1  awer therof   iaister or ho depa 
from h T tittiue aue oeoy keth e wot of e 
bt betwe hys r d  iende. 
18 CORV FU 
Cory fauc is ho, tt 1 lye n his d, nd cory the bcd bordes 
in hch hee lyeth in sdc of s hoc. T slouthf knauc  
bk d scratch whcn ho  coeed in thc mog, for any hast. 
19 YN THRIFT 
Dg thrft is he, that wil e his Ms ho  pies and 
bs of beefe, and drie e and e. Such fal knaues oft 
tes, 1 sert ther Mais meate to their oe profit. 
20 ESEN DPP 
Esen Droppem bene ey, tt stand vnder me walcs or wn- 
dowes, or  any other place,  heure the te«l secrets of a 
mans bouse. c deg knaues l snd in coe to hee 
f they bc e spoken of, or wai a sevd tne. 
1 CHOPLOGYKE. 
Choplogyke, is he tt vhen s mayster rebc  of hys 
fat ho  gcue hym .xx. wordcs for one, e byd thc deuils Pater 
nostcr  silence. is pmude pratg ue wy mainine s 
naughtes vhea he is rebed for them. 
 VNTIFTE. 
Vnrfft, is ho at w hot pu  weag clothes to wasg, 
nor blk  oe shocs, nor amend   (s&) o weag 
cloth.  res auc wyl y be loy : and say that h 
th no more st of clothe and shder s Malter. 
3 vNocous. 
Vnacio,  ho that by  o ,  hm no maner of 
strict, thout ho bc compced theto by  e. s Knaue 



16 wvoEy.  .xxv. o o KSZ,F. 
wil sit at the ehouse g or çg at ce, or at other me» 
at sece te. 
24 uux. 
qm,  he tt when  ster sendeth  on  ed 
he  not corne ae of an ho or two where he might haue 
doneit e an houre or lse. ue  go about 
oe ed or pte and saith he cannot speede at the t. 

-0.5 INORATUS. 
Ingratus, is he that when one doth all that he can for him, he will 
scant geue him a good report for his labour. This knaue is so 
grate or vnkind, tliat he considreth not his frend from his fo, & wil 
equit euil for good & being put most in trust, wil sonest deceiue his 
maister. 

IleL#" 

Imprinted at London by 
Iohn Awdely dwelling 
in little Britaine streete 
without Aldersgate. 

rOriginal in Bod|eian Library, 4% If. 21. Art. Seld.] 



FOR COMMEN CVRSE- 

TORS WLGARELY CALLED 

Anno DomlnL M.D.LXVII. 

¶ Vewed, eamined, and allowed, according vnto the 
Queenes lIaiestyes Iniunctions. 

nno oni. 1567. 
[The Boey ediHon of 1M7 omits 'or Warening'  line 1, and 'nno Domini. 1567.' at 
f¢  d substi ' Newly uent and Impn ' for ' uented... hoe of', 
line .] 
2 



ff Te the ryght honorable and my singular good Lady, Elizabeth 
Countes of Shrewsbury, Thomas l:[arman wisheth all ioye and 
perî, te felicitie, here and in the worlde te corne. 

S of Auncient and longe tyme there hath bene, and is new at 
this present, many good, godly, profitable lawes and actes 
ruade and setforthe in this most noble and floryshynge realme, 
for the reliefe, succour, comforte, and sustentaeion of the 
poore, nedy, impotent, and myserable creatures beinge at,d 
inhabiting in all parts of the mme ; Se is there (ryghte hon- 
orable and myne espeeyall good Lady) most holsom estatutes, ordi- 
nances, and necessary lawes, ruade, setforth, and publisshed, for the 
extreme punishement of all vagamntes and sturdy vacabons, as pass- 
eth throughe and by all parts of this famous yle, most i«l(,lly and 
wyckedly : and I wel, by good experience, vnderstandinge and con- 
siderine your most tender, pytyfull, gentle, and noble nature,--not 
onelye hauinge a vygelant and mercifull eye te your poore, indygente, 
and feable parishnores ; yea, net onely in the parishe xvhere your 
honour moste happely doth dwell, but also in others inuyroninge or 
nighe adioyning te the saine; As also aboundantly powringe out dayely 
your ardent and bountifull charytie vppon all such as commeth for ro- 
lieïe vnto your luckly gates,-- 
I thought it good, necessary, and my bounden dutye, te acquaynte 
your goodnes with the abhominable, wycked, and detestable behauor 
of all these rowsey, ragged rabblement of rakehelles, that--vnder the 
pretene of great misery, dyseases, and other innumerable calamite 



0 HARMAo TH'E EPI8TLE. 

whiche they fayne--through great hipocrisie do wyn and gayne great 
almes in all places where they wyly wander, to the vtter deludinge of 
the good geuers, deceauinge and impouerishing of all such poore hous- 
holders, both sicke and sore, as nether can or maye walke ahroad for 
reliefe and comforte (where, in dede, most mercy is to be shewed). 
And for that I (most honorable Lady), heinge placed as a poore gen- 
tleman, haue kepte a bouse these twenty yeares, where vnto pouerty 
dayely hath and doth repayre, hot without some reliefe, as ny pooro 
calJinge and hahylytie maye and àoth extende : I haue of late yeares 
gathered a great suspition that all should hot he well, and, as the 
prouerhe saythe, "sume thinge lurke and laye hyd that dyd hot 
playnely apeare ; °' for I, hauinge more occation, throughe sickenes, 
to tary and remayne at home then I haue hene acustomed, do, hy my 
there ahyding, talke lanà confere dayly with many of these wyly 
wanderars of hoth sortes, as well men and wemmen, as hoyes and 
gyrles, hy whom I haue e« 3, back] gathered and vnderstande their 
depe dissimulation and detestable dealynge, beinge maruelous suttl 
and craftye in there kynàe, for hot one amongst twenty wyll discouer, 
eyther declare there scelorous secretes: yet with fayre flatteringe 
wordes, money, and good chere, I haue attained to the typ by such 
as the meanest of them bath wandred these xiii. yeares, and most 
xvi. and some twenty and vpward,  and not 'ithoute faythfull pro- 
messe ruade vnto them neuer to discoucr their names or any thinge 
they shewed me ; for they would all saye, 3OE the vpright men should 
vnderstand thereof, they should hot be only greuouslye beaten, but 
put in daunger of their lyues, by the sayd vpright men. Thero 
was a fewe yeares since a small hréefe setforth of some zelous 
man to his countrey, of whom I knowe hot, that ruade a lytle shewe 
of there names and vsage, and gaue a glymsinge lyghte, hot suffi- 
cient to perswade of their peuishe peltinge and pickinge s practyses, 
but well worthy of prayse. But (good madame), with nolesse 
trauell then good wyll, I haue repayred and rygged the Shyp of 
knowledge, and hane hoyssed vp the sayles of good fortune, that 
 leaf 2 b. Bodley edition (B). 
 The severe Act against vagrants, Ed. VI., c. 3, was paed in 1548, only 
19 year. before the date of this 2nd edition. 
 The 1573 edition reads_p9nki  



HA.RMAN. THE EPISTLE. 
che mayc cafcly passe aboute and through all pattes of this noble 
realmc, and thcre makc porte sale of ber wyshed watts, to the 
confusion of their drowsey derechef and vn]awfull lane, 
fring pycking, wily vanderinge, and lykingc lechery» of all these 
rablemcnt of rascales that raunges about al t/c costcs of the saine, 
So t«t their vndeccnt, dolefull dealing and execrablc cxercyses. 
may apcre fo all as it were in a glasse, tha therby the Iusticcrs 
and Shrécues may in their circutes bc more vyglant fo punishe 
these malcfactores, and the Counstables, Bayliffes, and bosholders,  
scttingc asydc all feare, slouth, and pytic, may be more circomspect 
in cxccuting the charg geuen thcm by the aforesayd Iusticcrs. 
Thon wyll no more this rascall rablemcnt raunge about the countrey. 
Thon grcater relicfe may bc shewcd to tlc pouety of cchc parishc. 
Thon shall wc kepe out Horses in out pastures vnstolen. Then 
out lynncn clothes shall and maye lye safelyc one out hedges 
vntouched. Then shall we hot hauc our clothes and lynnen hoked 
out at out vyndowes as well by day as by night. Then shall we 
hot haue or bouses broken vp in the night, as of late one of my 
nyghtbors had and two great buckes of clothes stolen out, and 
most of the came fyne Lynnen. Then chall rte mfely kcpe our 
pigges and poultrey from pylfring. Then shall wc surely passe by 
tle hygh waies lcading to markets and fayres vnharmed. Then 
shall our Shopes and bothes bc vnpycked and spoyled. Thon shall 
thesc vncom]y companes bc dispersed and set to labour for their 
lyuingc, or hastely bang for tz«r ] their demerites. Then shall it 
incourrage a great number of gentlc men and others, seing this secu- 
ritic fo set vp bouses and kcpc hospitalytic in thc countey, to thc 
comfort of their nghboures, releiïe of thc poore, and to thc amende- 
ment of thc common welth. Then shall hot sinne and wickednes so 
much abound among vs. Then wil gods wrath be much t/te more 
pacified towards vs. Then shall we hot tast of so many and sondry 
plaes,  now daycly raigncth ouïr vs. And then shall this Famous 
Empyrc bc in morcwelth ad better florysh, to thc inestymablc ioye 
ad comfort of the Qucnes most cxcclent maiestyc, whom god of 
 So printed in botla 1567 editions. 1573 reads hh/dvr$ ; but 
/w/'z is doubtless meant.  leaf 3. B. 



 HAHMAN. THE EPISTLE. 

infinyte goodnes, to his great glory, long and many yeares make most 
prosperously to raygne ouer vs, to the great Felycitye of ail the Peres 
and lobles, and to the vuspeakable ioye, releife, and quictnes of 
minde, of all ber faythfuJl Commons ad Subiectes. Now, me 
thinketh, I se how these peuysh, peruerse, and pestflet people 
bcgyn to freat, fume, sweare, and stare at this my booke, their lyfc 
being layd open and aparantly paynted out, that thcir confusion 
and end draweth one a pase. Nhere as in dcde, if it be wel] 
waied, if is set forth for their synguler profyt and commoditie, for the 
sure saïegard of their lyues here in this world, that they shorten 
not the saine before  their time, and t]at by their true labour and 
good lyfe, in the world to coin they may saue their Soules, that 
Christ, thc second pcrson in [thc] Trinytie, hath so dcrcly bought with 
his most precious bloud : so that hereby I shall do them more good 
then they could haue deuised for them selues. For behold, their 
lyre being so manyïest wycked and so aparantlye knowen, The hon- 
orable wyl abhore them, The worshipfull wyll reiecte them, The 
yemen wyll sharpely tawnte them, The Husband men vtterly defye 
them, The laboryng men blunt]y chyde them, The wemen with a loud 
exclamation  wonder af them, And all Children with clappinge 
bandes crye out at them. I manye times musing with my selle at 
these misheuous mislluers, merueled when they toke their oryginall 
and beginning ; how long they haue exercised their execrable wan- 
dring about. I thought it méete to confer with a very old man that 
I was well acquaynted with, .whose wyt and rnemory is meruelous for 
his yeares, beinge about the age of fourcscor% what he knewe when ho 
was yonge of these lousey leuterars. And he ahewed me, that when 
he was yonge he wayted vpon a man of much worshyp in Kent, who 
died immediatly after the last ])uke of Buckingham was beheaded : 
at his buryall there was such a number of beggers, besides poore 
housholders dwelling there abouts, that vuneth they mighte lye or 
standc aboute the House: then was there of 8. bak] prepared for 
them a great and a large barne» and a great fat oxe sod out in 
Furmenty for them, with bread and drinke aboundanfly to furnesh 
out the premisaes ; and euery person had two pence, for such was the 
 Printed "brfore"  rechzmation. B. 



HARMA. THE EPISTLE. 
dole. When Night approched, lice porc housholders repaixed home 
te their bouses : the other wayfaring bold beggers remained alnight 
in tlte barne ; and the saine barue being serched with light in 
night by this old man (and then yonge), with 1 othera, they tolde 
seuen score persons of men, euery of them hauing his woman, except 
if werc two wemen that lay alone te gether for seine especyall cause. 
Thus hatting their makes te make mery withall the buriall was turned 
te bousing ar/ belly cherc, morning te myrth fasting te feasthg, 
prayer te pastyme and pressing of papes, and lamenting te Lcchery. 
Se hat if may apere this vncomly company bath had a long contin- 
uance, but then nothingc geuen se much te pylferinge, pyckinge, and 
spoyling ; and, as far as I can learne or vnderstand by the examina- 
tion of a number of them, their languag--which they terme peddelars 
renche or Canting--]egan but within these xxx. yeeres, 2 lyfle 
aboue ; and that the first inuenter therof was hanged, all saue the 
head ; for that is the fynall end of them al or els te dye of seine 
filthy and horyble diseases : but much harme is don in the meane 
spacc by their continuanee, as seine x., xiL, anà xvi. yearcs before 
they be consumed, and the number of them doth dayly renew. I 
hope their synne is new st the hyghest ; and that as short and as 
spedy a redresse wylbe for these, as bath bene of late yeres for 
wrctched, wily, wandering vagabonds calling and naming them selues 
Egiptians, depely dissembling and long hyding and couering their 
depe, decetfull practises,--feding the rude common people, wholy 
addicted and geuen o nouelties, toyes, and new inuentious,-- 
delytin them with the strangenes of the attyre of their heades, and 
practising paulmistrie te such as wou]d know their fortunes : And, te 
be short, all theues and hores (as I may well wryt),as seine hauc 
had truc experience, a num]er can xvell wytnes, and a grea sorte hath 
wcll feltc it. And new (thankes be te god), throughe wholsome 
lawes, and the due execution thereof all be disperseà, banished, s and 
the memory of them cleane extyngttished ; that xvhen they bée once 
named herc after, out Chyldren wyll touche meruell what ]ynd of 
people they were: and se, ] trust, shal shortly happen of these. 
 The 1873 edition here inserts thc word or • 'ihed. B. 



 RMA. THE EPISTLE. 

For what thinge doth chiefely cause these rowsey rakehelles thus to 
continue and dayly increase  Surely a number of wicked parsons 
that kéepe typlinge Houses in ail shires, where they haue succour 
and reliefe ; and what so euer they bring, they are sure to receaue 
money fo « «l the saine, fo they sell god penywothea The 
byers haue the grcatest gayne ; yea, yf they haue nether monay nor 
watt, they wylbe trusted ; their credite is much. I haue taken a 
note of a good many of them, and wil send their names and dwell- 
ing-places to such Iusticers as dwelleth nere or next vnto them, that 
they by their good wisdomes may displace the saine, and auctoryse 
such as haue honesty. I wyl hot blot my boke with their names, 
because they be resident. But as for this fletinge lrellowshyp, I 
haue tnfly setforth the most part of them that be doers at this pre- 
sent, with theh" names that thcy be knowene by. Also, I haue 
placed in the end themf their leud language, calling the saine pedlers 
French or Canting. And now shal I end my prologue, makinge true 
declaration (right honorable Lady) as they shal fall in order of their 
vntymelye tryfelinge time leud lyfe, and pernitious practises, trusting 
that the saine shall neyther trouble or abash your most tender, 
tymerous, and pytifull lature, fothinke the snal mede should growe 
vnto you for such Almes so geuen, lror god, our marcifull and most 
louing father, well knoweth your barres and good intent,--the geuer 
neuer wanteth his reward, according fo the sayinge of Saynt Au- 
gustyn : as there is (neyther shalbe) any synne vnpunished, euen so 
shall there hot be eny good dede vnrewarded. But how comfortably 
speaketh Christ our Sauiour vnti vs in his gospel (" geue ye, and it 
shalbe geuen you againe ") : behold farther, good ]V[adam, that for a 
cup of colde water, Christ bath promised a good reward. Now saynt 
Austvn properly declareth why Christ speaketh of colde water, 
cause the poorest man that is shall hot excuse him selfe from that 
cherytable warke, least he would, parauenture, saye that he bath 
neyther wood, pot, nor pan to warme any water with. Se, farther, 
what god speaketh in the mouth of his prophet, aye, "breake thy 
bread fo him that is a hongred ;" he sayth hot geue him a hole lofe, 
for paraduentu.re the poore man bath it hot to geue, then let him geue 
a pece. This much is sayd because the poore that hath if should hot 



HARMAN. THE EPI8TLE. 5 

]e excused : now how much more then the riche  Thus you se, good 
madam, for your treaure here dspersed, where nede and lacke 
s, if sha|be heaped vp aboundantly for you in heauen, 
where neither rust or moth shall corupt or destroy 
the saine. Ynto which tryumphant place, after 
many good, happy, and fortunat yeres pros- 
perouslye here dispended, you mayc for 
euer and euer there most ioyfully 
rcmayne. A men. 



 ARMANo THE EPITLF 

Threthngstobenoted 
A staff» a béesom, and 

béesome of byrche, for babes very feete, 1 
longe lastinge lybbet for loubbers as méete 
wyth to wyndc Vl), that these wyll hot kéepe 
Bynde al1 up in one, and vse it to swele 

all in their kynde 
wyth,thatwyll wynde 

[This page is printed at the back of the title page in Bodley edition.] 
'fyt. B. 



HARMAN. TO THE READE 7 

¶ THE EFISTLE TO THE READER. [Ieaf 5] 
I, though, good leader, I wright in plain termes--aud not so 
playnly as truely---concerning the matter, meaning honestly 
to all men, and wyshe them as much good as to myrte owne 
barre; yet, as therc hathe bene, so there is nowe, and hereafter wylbe, 
curyous heds to finde fauttes : wherefore I thought it necessary, now 
at this seconde Impression, to acquaynt the wth a great faulte, as 
some takethe if, but none  as I meane it, callinge these agabonds 
Cursetors in the intytelynge of my booke, as runneres or rangers 
aboute the countrey, deriued of this Laten word (Curro) : neither do 
I vryght if Cooresetores, with a duble  oo ; or Cowresetors, with a w, 
which bath an other singnification : is there no deuersite betwen a 
gardein and a garden, maynteynaunce and maintenance, Streytes and 
stretes ? those that haue vnderstanding knowe there is a great dyffer- 
ence: ,vho is so ignorant by these dayes as knoweth not the meaning 
of a vagabone i and yf an ydell ]euterar should be so called of eny 
man, would not he think it bothe odyous and reprochcfull? wyll ho 
not shonne the naine i ye, and where as he maye and date, wit bent 
browes, wyll reueng that naine of Ingnomy: yet this playne naine 
vagabone is deryued, as others be, of Laten wordes, and now vso 
makes it commen fo al men ; but let vs ]oke back four .C. yeres 
sithens, and let vs se whether this playn word vagabon was vscd or 
no. I beleue not, and why  because I redc of no such naine in the 
old estatutes of this realme, vnles if be in the margente of the bookc, 
or in tho Table, which in the collection and pryntinge was set in ; 
but these were then the commen names of these leud leuterars, 
Faytores, lobardesmen, Drawlatches, and valyant beggares. Yf I 
should haue vsed sucho ,vordes, or the saine order of wryting, as this 
rcalme vsed in Kyngo Henry the thyrd or Edvard tle fyrstes tymc, 
oh, vhat a grose, barberous fellow f », bc} haue we here! ls 
wryting is both homely and darke, that vee had nede to haue an 
interpretar : yet then it was verye well, and in short season a great 
change we see. well, this delycat age shall haue his tyme on the 
 The 1573 ed. reads bot. 
 This word is omitted in the 1573 ed. 



other syde. ,loquence haue I none ; I neuer was acquayned with 
the muses ; I neuer tased of Helycon. But accordinge to my playne 
order, I haue sefforh this worke, symplye and truelye, with such 
vsual words and OErmes as is among vs wel known and frequenteà. 
So that aç the prouerbe saythe, "all though truth be blamed, it shal 
neuer be ihamed." well, good reader, I meane not to be tedyous vnto 
the, but haue added fyue or sixe more tales, because some of them 
weare donn whyle my booke waa fyrste in the presse; and as I 
truste I haue deserued no rebuke for my good wyll, euen so I desyre 
no prayse for my payne, cost, and trauell. But faithfullye for the 
proffyt and benyfyt of my countrey I haue don if, that the whole 
body of the lalme may se and vnderstand their leud lyfe and per- 
nitious practisses, that all maye spedelye helpe to amend that is 
amyaae. Amen aaye all ith me. 

Fini 



HARMANo .A. RUFFLER. 29 

 A RUFFLER. Ça. 1.1 
HE Rufl]ar, because he is first in degre of this odious order: 
And is so called in a stature ruade for the lunishment of 
Vacabonds, In the xxvij, yeare of Kyng Henry the eight, late 
of most îamous memory : He shall be first placed, as the 
worthiest of this vnruly rablement. And he is so called when 
he goeth first abroad ; eyther he bath serued in the warres, or 
els he bath bene a seruinge man ; and, weary of well doing, shakinge 
of all payne, doth chuse him this ydle lyfe, and vretchedly wanders 
aboute the most shyres of this realme. And with stout audacyte, 
 demaundeth whcre he thinkcth hee maye be bolde, and circomspecte 
ynough, as he serbe cause to aske charitie, rufully and ]amentably, 
that it vould make a flyntey hart fo relent, and pytie his miserable 
estate, howe he bath bene maymed and broused in the warres ; and, 
parauenture, some vyll shev you some outward wounde, whiche he 
gotte af some dronken fraye, eyther haltinge of some preuye wmmde 
festred vith a îylthy firy flankard. For be well assured that the 
hardist souldiers be eyther slayne or maymed, eyther and  they 
escape all hassardes, and retourne home agayne, if they bée without 
relieîe of their friends, they wyl surely desperatly robbe and steale, 
and 4 eyther shortlye be hangcd or miserably dye in pryson ; for they 
be so much ashamed and disdayne to beg or aske charity, that rather 
they wyll as desperatlye fight for to lyue and mayntayne them 
selues, as manftflly and valyantly they ventred them selues in 
the Prynces quarell, low these Rufltars, the out castes of seruing 
men, vhen begginge or crauinge îayles, then they pycke and pylfer, 
from other inferiour beggeres that they mete by the waye, as 
Roages, Pallyardes, Mortes, and I)oxes. Yea, if they mete with a 
woman alone ridinge to the market, eyther olde man or boye, that 
hée well knoweth wyI1 not resiste, such they filche and spoy]e. 
These ruftlars, after a yeare or two at the farthest, become vpryght 
men, vnlesse they be preuented by twind hempe. 
i The chapters are hot noted in the Bodlcy ed. 
 The 1573 ed. here inserts the word/ 
J 1573 reads f  1573 has or 



30 HARMAN. A RUFFLER. 

I had of latc yeares an old man te my tennant who cnstom- 
ably a greatc tymc wcnt twisc in the wéeke te London, eythex 
wyth fruite or with pescodes, when tymc serued thcrefore. And as 
ho was commingc homewardc on blackc heathe, at thc end thcreof 
next te shotars hyl, ho ouer tookc two rufflars, the ont manerly wayt- 
ing on thc other, as ont had ben thc maister, and thc other thc man 
or seruant, [t «, bck] caryingc his masteres clokc., this oldc man was 
veryc glad that hee might haue their company oucr thc hyl, becausc 
that day ho had ma(le a good. market ; for héc had seucn shyl- 
linges in hs pursc, and a noldc angell, which this poore man had 
tbought had net benc in his pursc, for hc wylled his wyfc ouer 
night to takc out thc saine angell, and layc it vp vntyll lais commingc 
home agayne. And he verely thought that his wyfe had so don, 
whiche in dede for got to do it. Thus after salutations had, this 
maister ruffiar entered into communication with this simple olde 
man, who, ridinge softlye beside them, commoned of many matters. 
Thus fedinge this old man with pleasaunt talke, vntyll they weare 
one the toppe of the hyll, where these ruffiares might well beholde 
the coaste about them cleare, Quiclye stepes vnto this poore man, 
and taketh holde of his horse brydell, and leadeth him in fo the 
wode, and demaundeth of him what and how much money he had 
in his purse. "lgow, by my troth," quoth this old man ; « you are 
a merrye gentle man. I knowe you meane not to take a waye anye 
thinge from me, but rather to geue me some ff I shoulde aske it of 
you." By and by, this seruant thiefe casteth the cloke that he caried 
on his arme about this poore mans face, that he should hOt marke or 
vew them, with sharpe words to delyuer quicly that he had, and fo 
confesse truly what was in his pursc. This poore man, then all 
abashed, yelded, and confessed that he had but iust seuen shyllinge 
in hs pursc ; and thc trouth is ho knœew of no more. This old 
angell was falen out of a lytle pursc into thc botomc of a great purse. 
low, this scuen shyllings in whyte money they quickly founde, 
thinkingc in dedc that there had benc no more ; yet farther groping 
and searchinge, found this old angelL And with great admiraticn, 
this gentleman thyefc begane te blesse hym, sayingc, "good lordc, 
what a worlde is this! howc mayc" (quoth he) "a man beleuc 



or tmstc in the samc se you net" (quoth ho) "t old auc 
roide me that he had but uen shylgs, and he  mo by an 
ange : what  old naue and a false aue haue we here " quoth 
this oE ; "oe lorde hauc mercy on vs, wy this worlde neuer be 
better "and there th went their waye. d lefte the olde man 
h the w, dohge h no more hae. But sowfy sighhge, 
t olde man, retung home, dedared h misaduente, with a 
the words and cuac aboue shed. Wherat, for the te 
w at laughhg, and ts poo m for his loes among his 
long neighboes weH coidered h the end. 
 A VPRIOHT MAN. Ca. 2. 
t, l pright man, e second  secte of t emely sorte, 
mt be next pced, of the rge rablement of 
rcMes ; seine be serng men, artcers, and labog 
men traded vp in hnd. Th net dinge te get the 
1  the swete of the face, but easting of ail payne, ll 
wander, aKer thdr cked marier, through the most sh of thi 
 Soerset shy, Wyhire, Barke she, Oxforde sh, 
Haffordesho, Myddflsex, Essex, SoEolke, Nortolke, Snssex, 
Sure, d Kent, as the cheyfe and best shes of rehefe. Yea, 
net th ou pshment by stoek, whyppinges, and prison- 
ment, in moet of the places aboue sayde. Yet, net th snnge 
they ue se good lyge in the lewed, lechewus loyoEfingo, 
f qclya aH their punisentes is  for goten. d repentaee 
is neuer thought vpon tyH they cle thrée es th a hdder. 
" ewly rcales, in the royl, perse them salues to 
seueraH companyes, as oction semeth, somete more d somtyme 
lse. ,  they repae te a poo hbd hoe, hée H 
go a lone, or one with m, and stoutely demad b charie, 
eher sheg how he bath serued  the rres, d th maed, 
eher that he sekethe sece, and saythe tha he vode be gd te 
take pae for hys lge, althoughe he meaneth nothge lesse. 
 Priuted «s, preltt." pltt  Booeey . 



32 HARMAN. A VPRIGHT MAN. 

Yf he be offered any meate or drynke, he vtterlye refusethe scorne- 
fully, and wyll nought but money ; and yf he espye yong pyges or 
pulry, he wcll noteth the place, and they the next night, or shortly 
af ter, hée wyll be sure fo haue some of them, whyche they brynge to 
their stawlinge kens, which is their typplyng bouses, as well knowen 
to them, according to the olde prouerbe, "as the begger knowes his 
dishe." For you must vndêrstand, euery Typplyng ale house wyll 
neyther receiue thera or their wares, but some certayne houses in euery 
shyre, especially for that purpose, where they shalbe better welcome 
to them then honester raen. For by such haue they raost gayne, and 
shalbe conuayde eyther into some loft out of the waye, or other secret 
corner hot commen to any other ; and thether repayre, af accustomed 
tymês, their harlots, whiche they terme lIortes and Doxes,--not with 
emty hands ; for they be as skilfull in piclçing, riflling, and filching 
as the vpright men, and nothing inferior to them in all kind of wyck- 
ednes, as in other places hereafter they shalbe touched. At these 
foresayde peltinge, peuish places and vmnannerly metingês, O ! how 
fle pottes walke about ! their talking tounges talke af large. They 
bowle and bowse one fo another, and for the tyme bousing belly 
chere. And aïçer thero ruysfing recreafion, C«at . bkJ yï there be 
hot rome ynough in the bouse, they haue cleane strawe in some 
barne or backehouse nere adioyning, whêre they couch comly fo 
gether, and  iç were dogge and byche ; and he that is hardyste maye 
haue his choyse, vnlesse for a lytle good marier ; some wyll take 
there owne that they haue ruade promyse vnto, vntyll they be out of 
sigbt, and then, according fo the old adage, "out of minde." Yet 
these vlright men stand so much vpon their reputation, as they wyl 
in no case haue their wemen walke with tbem, but seperat them 
selues for a tyme, a moneth or more. And mete af fayres, or great 
markets, where they mete fo pylfer and steale from staules, shoppes, 
or bothes. Af these fayres the vpryght men vse commonly to lye 
ad lingar in hye wayes by ]anes, sozne prety way or distaunce from 
the place, by which wayes tbey be assured that compeny passeth 
styll two and fro. And ther they  wyll demaund, with cap in hand 
and com]y curtesy, tbe deuotion and charity of te peop]e. They 
 1573, a,  thé. B. 



HARMAN. A VPRIGT MAN. 

haue ben much lately whpped at fayrs. Yf they aske at a atout 
yenmns or farmars house his charity» they wyll goe strong as thre or 
foure in a company. Where for îeare more tben good wy]l, tbey 
often haue reliefa they syldome or neuer passe by a Iustices 
house» but haue by wayes, vn]esse he dwell alone, and but weakely 
manned ; thether wyll they also go strong, after a slye, suttle sorte, as 
with their armes bounde vp with kercher or lyste, hauinge wrapte 
about the saine filthy clothes, either their legges in such maner 
wrapped halting down right. Not vnproaiied of good codg[e]ls, 
which they cary to sustayne them, and, as they fayne, to kéepe 
gogges from them, when they corne to such good gentlemens bouses. 
Yî any searche be ruade or they suspected for pylfring clothes of 
hedgges, or breaking of houses, which they commonly do when the 
owners bée eyther at the market, church, or other wayes occupyed 
aboute their busines,--eyther robbe some sely man or woman by the 
hye vaye, as many tymes they do,--Then they hygh them into wodes, 
grest thickets, and other ruffe cornera, where they lye lurkinge thre or 
foure dayes to gether, and haue meate and drinke brought them by 
theyre Mortes, and Doxes ; and whyle they thus lye hydden in 
couert, in the night they be hot idle,--nether, as the common saying 
is, "well occupyed ;" for then, as the wyly îoxe, crepinge out of his 
den, seketh his praye for pulte .ry, so do these for lynnen and any 
thinge els worth money, that lyeth about or near a house. As som- 
tyme a whole bucke of clothes caryed awaye at a tyme. hen they 
haue a greatter booty then they maye cary awaye quickly fo their 
stawling kendes, as is aboue sayd, They wyll hyde the saine for a 
thre dayes in some thicke couert, ani ear si in the night rime carye 
the saine, lyke good water Spanlles, to their foresayd bouses. To 
whom they wyll discouer where or in what places they had the mme, 
where the markes shalbe pycked out cleane, a/ conuayed craftely 
fare of, to sell. If the man or woman of the bouse want money 
them selues. 2 If these vpright men haue nether money nor wares, at 
these houses they shalbe trusted for their vitales, and it amount to 
twentye or thrty shyllings. Yea, if it fortune any of these vpright 
men to be taken, either suspected, or charged with fellony or petye 
i do99et. B. 1573 inserts and 



34 AA. A VPIIGHT MAlé. 
brybrye, don af such a tyme or such a place, he wyH raye he w in 
h hoss hoe. d ff the man or we of that hou be ex- 
a by an ocer, they boldelye vouche, t the[y] lodged him 
suche a te, whereby the tmth caot appra And if they 
chaunce  be reined in seice, tough their lamentable wozs, 
th any welthy n, They wyH ry but a sme te, either mbbing 
h maisr or soin of his fcow. And some of thcm vseth t 
polocye, that though thcy trauyle in al the sh)es, aboue id, 
yet wyl they haue good creditc, espicioeye in one she, where at 
diuers good farma ho they be wel knowen, where flmy worke a 
mvneth in a plie or more, and wyH for that te bdmue flmm selu 
very onestly and aly ; And maye at any te, for theh' good 
vsa, ue worke of them; and  these at a ded lt, or lt 
refuge, they maye fely ree to and be wekom, cn in other 
pl, for a knke of knauery that they haue œlayd, thci date hot 
ta. These vght men  sildom or neuer want; for what is 
gotten by anye Mo, or Doxe, if it ple h, hée doth comaunde 
the saine. And if he mete any begger, whether he be stdye or 
impont, he D' demaund of him, whether euer he w sted to 
the toge or no. H he saye he w, he wyll know of whom, and his 
naine tha staed hym. d if he be hOt leaedly able  shewe 
h the whole circumstaunce thereof, he ll spoyle him of s 
money, either of s best gaent, if it be woh any money, and 
haue him to the bowsg ken, ich is to some typpg hoe next 
ioge ; and laieth their to gage the st thing that ho bath for 
twenty pence or two shyHinges : this man obeyeth for fre of bç 
ing. Then doth this vpfight man eaH for a gage of wse, wche h 
a quae pot of dfinke, and po the saine on his peld pa, adding 
theoe words :" I. G. P. do ste thée W. T.  the Roge, and that 
from henee foh it shaH be lawefu for the to Cant "that ,  
aske or begge--" for thy Huing  al phees." Here you oe that the 
fight man  of t auctofite. For aH sors of beggers are 
obedient  s hes, and suoteth  othem h pylfng d 
sa. ç I latdy had shndinge  my r s, bk] weH houoe, 
which standeth on the backide of my ho a gat eawon of 
toper, bein then  of water, nge h the saine hae a don 



HARMA]. A HOKER O1% A]OOLEAR. 35 
of pewter dyshes, well marked, and stamped with the connizance of 
my armes, whiche being well noted when they were taken out, were 
set a side, tire water powred out, and my eaudrcu taken awaye, heing 
of sueh bymes that one man, vnlesse he were of great strength, was 
not able far fo cary thc saine. Hot withstandinge, the saine was one 
niglt within this two yeares conuaycd more theu haff a myle from 
my bouse, into a eommen or heth, And ther bestowed in a great tir- 
bushe. I then immediatly the next day sent one of my men to 
London; and there gam warning in Sothwarke, kent strete» and 
Barmesey stréete, to ail the Tynckars there dwclling,--That if any 
such Caudron cdme thether tobe sohl, the bringar therof should bc 
stayed, and promised twenty shyllings for a reward. I gaue also in- 
telligence to the water men that kept the ferres, that no such vessel 
should be cther eonuayd to London or into essex, promysing the lyke 
reward, to haue vderstanding therof. This my doing was well 
vnderstand in many placeu about, and that the feare of espyinge so 
troubled the conscience of the stealer, that my eaudoren laye 
vntouehed in the thicke firbushe more then halle a yeare af'ter, 
which, by a great chaunce, was round by hunteres for eonneys ; for 
one chauneed to runne into the saine bushe where my eaudren was, 
and being perceaued, one thrust his staffe into the saine bushe, and 
hyt my eaudren a great blowe, the sound whereof dyd cause the 
man to thinke and hope that there was some great treasure hidden, 
whe'by ha thouglt tobe the better whyle ha lyued. And in farther 
searching he found my caudren ; so had I t]m saine agayne vnloked 
for. 
¶  nEa, OU NOOLa. Cap. 3. 
ltese hokers, or Angglers, be pcryllous and most wicked 
knaues, avd be deryued o procede f,rth fmm the vpright 
men; they commenly go in frese ierkynes and gally slopes, 
poynted benethe the kne ; these when they practise there pylfringe, 
it fs all by night; fo, a they walke a day times ïrom bouse to 
bouse, to demaund charite, they vigelantly marke where or in what 
place they maye attayne to there praye, casting there eyes vp to 
euery w)mdow, well noting what they se their, whether aloparell or 
linnen, hanginge nee "nto the sayde wyndowes, and that wyll they 



36 HARMAN. A HOKE A ROOEo 

be sure te haue the next night folowing ; for they customably carry 
with them a staffe of v. or ri. foote long, in which, within one 
ynch of the tope therof, ys a lytle hole bored through, tçlf 9] in 
wMch hole they put¢e an yron hoke, and with the saine they wyll 
pluck vnto them quickly any thing that they may reche ther with, 
which hoke in the day tyme they couertly cary about them, and is 
neuer sene or taken out till they corne te the place where they worke 
there ïete : such haue I sene at my bouse, and haue oft talked with 
them and haue handled ther staues, net then vnderstanding te what 
vse or intcnt thcy semed, although I hadde and perceiued, by thero 
talke and behauiour, great lykelyhode of euyll suspition in them : 
they wyl ether leane vppon there staffe, te hyde the hole thereoï, 
when they talke with you, or holde their bande vpon the hole ; and 
wha stuffe, either wollen or lynnen, they thus hoke out, they neuer 
carye the saine forth with te their staulyng kens, but hides the saine 
a iij. daies in seine secret corner, and after conuayes the saine te their 
bouses abouesaid, where their best or hostys geueth them money for 
the saine, but halfe the value that itis worth, or els their doxes 
shall a farm of sell the saine at the like bouses. I was credebly in- 
formed that a hoker came te a ïarmers bouse in the ded of the night 
and putting back a drawe window of a low chamber, the bed standing 
hard by the sayd wyndow, in which laye three parsones (a man and 
two bygge boyes), this hoker with lais staffe plucked of their garments 
which lay vpon them te kepe them warme, with the couerlet and 
shete, and lefte them lying a alepe naked sauing there shertes, and 
had a way all clene, and neuer could vnderstande where it became. 
I verely suppose that when they wer wel waked with cold, they 
suerly thought that Robin goodfelow (accordiiige te the old saying) 
had bene with them that night. 

¶ x ROO.. Cap. 4. 
Roge is neither se stoute or hardy as the vpright man. 
Many of them will go fa)mtly and looke piteously when they 
sée, either méete any person, hauing a kercher, as white as my 
shooes, tyed about their head, with a short staffe in their hand, 
haltinge, although they nede net, requiring almes of such as they 



• néete or fo what bouse they shal coin. ut you may ely per- 
ceue by the oelour « thei cary th hlth and pie about 
them, herby they OE ae, whn oers ant that co ïae 
and dsemble. Ohe theree that walke stdely abou e cou- 
trey, « feth  sexe a brother or kinsman of , 
win m ça of he se ;ther hat he bath a leter [o deucr 
fo m honcst hoholder dweg ou of an other She, and  
shewe you the se fao seed, th the superscpon  tet , 
the paye he speaketh of» becae you sha no te   nne 
idelly aut the cocy ;ither hauo they ts shyfte, they 
ca a ccato or pport aut them om m Iticer of the 
peaoe, with s hand and ale  the saine, howe hée bath bene 
wpped and pshed for a vacabonde accog  the lawes of 
t realme, and that he uste retno go .T., whem he w mo or 
l dwclç by a ceae daye lid  the saine, wche slbe a 
good louge dayc. d all this fayned, bycae thout feare thcy 
wouldc wyckedly wandcr, and wyll renue the saine where or when it 
plethe them ; for they haue of their aity that can  and 
mad. e ao ll picko and steale  the vght me and bath 
the women d meg af plac apod, and notgo go them 
eriour  ail kyndo of auery. There bée of the Roges 
Curtales, wearge shoe clokes, that wy cha the are,  
œecation semethe. d the end  oher hange, wcho they 
ca rge  thek lanage, or OEe sembly of the pk. 
ç There w no long sithem two ges hat alwai d sia 
•cm lu tothcr, a wod neuer seperat them lues, es it 
wero ibr some pecia ca, for thoy wem swom brothem, and 
wem both of one age, and much 1OEo of favo : theso two, tmuege 
to e kent, roed to an aie bouse there,  beg wefied 4th 
tmucng, lutg th sho cey, when they came to the 
hou, such  thei sawo sitg there,  wche company w the 
pan of the pah; and coee for a pot of he s aie, sa doe 
at ho tabl ende : the lykor fiked them  we, that they had pot 
on pot» and met for a llo goed mer, wod ke and 
offer e cup fo such  they t ncied ; and to bc short, thcy sat 
 1573 omis. 



8 HARMAN. A ROGE. 

out al the eompany, for cchc man dcparted home aboute their 
busines. When they had wcll refreshed them selues, then these 
rowsy toges requested the good man of the bouse wyth his wyfe fo 
sit downe and drlnke with them, of whomc they inquired what priest 
thc saine was, and whcre he dwelt: then thcy fayninge that they 
had an racle a pricst, and that ho should dwcl in these pattes, which 
by ail presumptions if should bc ho, and that they came of purpose 
to speake with hym, but beeause they had not sene hym sithens they 
werc sixe yeares olde, they durst not bc bold to take acquayntance 
of him vntyl thcy wcre farther instructed of the truth, and began te 
inquiet of Ms naine, and how longe he had dwclt there, and how 
farm his bouse was of from lhe place thcy were in : the good wyfe of 
thc housc, thynkinge them honest men without disccit, bceause they 
so farre enquyred of thcir kinscman, was but of a good zelous natur- 
ail intent, shewed them cherefully that hec Ouf a0] was an honest 
man end wclbeloued in the parish, and of good welth, ald had ben 
there rcsidcnt xv. years af the least ; "but," saith she, "are you both 
brothers? .... yca, surcly," said they, "we haue bonc both in one 
belly, and were twinnes." "lIercy, god !" ql«oth this folish woman ; 
"it may wcl be, for yc bc hot much vnlike,"nd wcnte vnto ber 
hall windowe, cailinge thcse yong men vnto ber, and loking out 
therat, a pointed with ber fingar aTd shcwcd them thc bouse stand- 
ing alone, no bouse ncre the saine by almoste a quarter of a myle ; 
"that," sayd 2 she, "is your vncles lmuse." ":Nay," saith one of 
them, "he is hot oncly my vncle, but also my godfather." "It may 
well be," quoth she, "nature wyil bind him to bc the better vnto 
you." "Well," qotb they, "wc bc weary, and meane not te trouble 
out vncle to-night ; but te-morowc, god willinge, we wyil sée him 
and do out duty : but, I pray you, doth out vncle occupy husbandry 
what company bath ho in lais house." "Alas !" saith she, "but one 
old woman ad a boy, he bath no occupyng 
this good wyfe, "you be mad men ; go to him tbis night, for hc 
bath bettcr lodging for you then I haut, and yct I speake folishly 
against my  own profit, for by your taring  here I should gaine the 
more by you." ":Now, by my troth," quoth one of them, "we thanke 
' 1573 omits.  ath. B. * 1573, »tynv ' ta'yg. B. 



HARHAN. A ROGE. 39 

you, good hostes, for your holsome councell, and we meane to do as 
you wyll vs : we wyl l)ause a whyle, and by that tyme if wylbe ahnost 
night ; and I l)raye you geue vs a reckeninge,"--so, manerly paying 
for that they toke, bad their hoste and hostes farewell with takinge 
leaue of the cul) , marched merelye out of the dores towardes this 
parsones bouse, vewed the same well rounde about, aud passed by 
two bowshot.es of into a younge wodde, where they laye consultinge 
what they shoulde do vntyll midnight. Quoth one of them, of 
sharl)er wyt and subtyller then the other, to hys fcllowe, "thou seest 
that this house is stone walled about, and that we cannot well breake 
in, in any parte thereof; thou seest also that the windowes be thicke 
of mullions, that ther is no krel)ing in betwene : wherefore we must 
of necessytie vse somc policye when strength wil hot serue. I haue 
a horse locke hcre about me," saith he ; "and this I hope shall serue 
oure tume." So whcn it was aboute xii. of the clocke, they came to 
thc housc and lurked ncre vnto his chamber wyndowe : the dog of the 
bouse barkcd a good, that with they t noise, this priest waketh out 
of his slSepe, and began to cough and hem : then one of these toges 
stepes forth nerer the window and maketh a ruful and l)ityful noise, 
requiring for Christ sake 2 somc reliefe, that was both hongry and 
thirstye, and was like to ly with out the dores all nighte and statue 
for colde, vnles he were releued by him with some small pece of 
money. "Vheredwellest thou" quoththis parson. "Alas ! sir," 
saithe this toge, "I haue smal V«ot 10, kJ dwclling, and haue coin out 
of my way ; and I should now," saith he, "go to any towne nowe af 
tlis time of night, they woulde sct me in the stockes and punishe 
me." "Well," quoth this pitifull l)arson, "away from my house, 
eithcr lye in somc of my out bouses vntyll the morning, and holde, 
hcre is a couplc of pence for thée." "A god rewarde you," quoth 
this toge ; "and in heauen may you finde it." The l)arson openeth 
his wyndowe, and thrusteth out his arme to geue his almes to this 
Roge that came whining to receiue it, and quickly taketh holde of his 
hand, and calleth his fellowe to him, whiche was redye af bande with 
the horse locke, and clappeth the saine about the wrest of his arme, 
that the mullions standing so close together for strenh, that for his 
' o printed. Bodley ed. has t/w  a/w«. B. 



40 HARMA.N. A ROGE. 

liïe he cou]d hot plucke in his arme againe, and ruade him beleue, 
vnle he wou]d af the least geue them .iii. li., they woulde smite of 
his arme from the body. So that thi poore parson, in feare to lose 
his hand, ca]]ed vp his olde woman that lay in the loft ouer him, 
and wyiled ber to take out ail the money he had, which was iiij. 
markes, which he saide wa ail the money in his house, for he had 
lent vi. ll. to one of his neighbours not iiij daies belote. "Wel," 
qoth they, "master parson, if you haue no more, vpon this con- 
dicion we wil take of the locke, that you will drinke .xii. pence for 
our sakes to-morow at the alehouse wher we found you, and thank 
the good wife for the good chere she ruade vs." He promised faith- 
fully that he would so do  so they toke of the locke, and went their 
way so farre ere if was daye, that the parson cou]de neuer haue any 
vnderstanding more of them. low this parson, sorowfully slumber- 
ing that night betwene feare and hope, thought it was but foily to 
make two sorrowes of one ; he vsed contentacion for his remedy, hot 
forgetting in the morning to performe his promise, but went betims 
to his neighbour that kept tiplinge, and asked angerly where the 
saine two men were that drauke with her yester daye. "Which two 
men ?" quoth this good wife. "The straungers that came in when I 
was at your house wyth my neighbores yesterday." "What ! your 
neuewesl" quotl she. "My neuewesl" quoth this parson; 
trowe tbou art mad." "Nay, by god !" quot/ this good z wife, "as 
sober as you ; for they tolde me faithfu]ly that you were their vncle : 
but, in fayth, are you hot so in dede I for, by my trouth, they are 
strau[n]gers to me. I neuer saw them belote." "0, out vpon 
them!" qoth the parson ; "they be false theues, and this night 
thei compeiled me to geue them al the money in my bouse." 
"Benedicite !" quoth this good wie, "and haue they so in dede? as 
I shall aunswere before god, one of them told me besides that you 
were godfather to him, and that he trusted to haue your blessinge 
before he departed." "NVhat ! did he ?" quoth this parson ; "a 
halter blesse him for [e[ l] me !" "Me thinketh, by the masse, by 
your countenance you loked so wildly when you came in," quoth 
this good wife, "that somthing was amis." " I vse hot to gest," 
 Omitted in 1.573. 



HARMAN. A WYLDE ROGE. 41 
quoth this parson, "when I speake so earnestly. .... Why, all your 
sorrowes goe with it," quoth this good wife, "and sitte downe here, 
and I will fil a freshe pot of ale shall make you mery agayne." 
"Yea," saith this parson, "fl in, and geue me some meat ; for they 
ruade me sweare and promise them faithfully that I shou]de drinke 
xii. pence with you this day." "What! dyd they" quoth she; 
"now, by the mary masse, they be mery knaues. I warraunt you they 
meane to bye no land with your moncy ; but how could they corne 
mto you in the night, your dores bcing shut fast  your house is 
very stronge." Then this prason  shewed ber all the hole circum- 
stance, how he gaue thcm his almes oute at the wyndowe, they 2 
ruade such lamentable crye that it pytied hm at the hart ; f-r he 
sawe but one when he put oute his hand at the windowe. " Be 
tu]ed by me," quoth this good wyïe. "Vherin " quoth this parson. 
"By my troth, nouer speake more of it : when they shal vndcrstand 
of if in the parish, they wyll but laugh you to skorne." " Vhy, 
then," quoth this parson, "the deuyll goe with it,»--and their au 
eIld. 3 
" A WYLDE ROGE. Cap. 5. 
A Wi]de Roge is he that is borne a Roge : he is a more subtil 
and more geuen by nature to ail kinde of knauery then the 
other, as beastely begotten in barne or bushes, and from his 
infancye traded vp in trechery ; yea, and before ripenes of yeares 
doth pennyt, wallowinge in lewde lcchery, but that is counted 
amongest them no sin. For this is their custome, that when they 
mete in barne af night, euery one getteth a make  to lye wytha]l, 
and their chaunce to be twentye in a companye, as their is sometyme 
more and sometyme lesse : for fo one man that goeth abroad, thcre 
aæe at the least two women, which neuer make it straunge when they 
be called, although she neuer knewe him before. Then when the 
day doth appeare, he rouses him via , and shakes his eares, and awaye 
wanderinge where he may gette oughte fo the hurte of others. Yet 
belote he skyppeth out of hys couche and departeth îrom his 
darling, ff he like ber well, he will apoint ber where to mete shortlye 
 so printed.  the. B 
-- Why ......... end. B. omita.  1573 rad« ate 



42 HARMAN. A PRYGGSR OF PRAUICSIS. 
af ter, with a warningc to workc warely for somc che, that the 
methg ght be the merier. 
• Not long sithem, a wild toge chaunced  mete a pote neigh- 
bo of e, who for honesty and good nat surmounth many. 
 poore man, ring homcward fm ndon, where he hoe moee 
 market, th oet 1, bck] toge demaded a peny for gods ake, 
to kepe him a troc man. T simple n, beho]ding 1 we], and 
sawe he w of he personage with a good quarter staffc in his 
hand, if much pitied m,  he sayd, to se m want ; for he w 
weH able  serue his prinoe in the wara Thus, bcing moued with 
pytie, and  loked in his puise to de out a penye ; and in loking 
for file mc, he plucked oute iL shyinges in whyte money, and 
raked thefin to finde a single peny; and af the lt finnge one, 
doth offer the saine to ts lde ge : but he, serge so much mony 
in is sple ma hand, being striken to thc hoet with a coueus 
desioe, bid him forth wh delyuer al that he h, or els he woulde 
with s staffe beat out his braynes. For if w not a penye would 
now quench his thst, seing so much  he dyd  : thus, swallowingc 
his sl,itH gredcly downc, spoylcd this poore man of al the money 
that he had, and lept ouer the hed into a thicke vode, and went 
his waye  mely  ts good simple man came home soroy. 
I once rebuking a wyld toge beoeuse he wcnt idey about, he 
shewed me that he was a begger by enheritauceis Gmndfather 
w a begger, his father was ont, d ho must nedes be ont by good 
rçon. 
 A PRYGGER OF PRAUNCERS. Ca. 6. 
 Prir of Prauncers be horse salers ; for to prie sinifieth 
in their lanuae  steale, « a Prauncer is a horse:  
bcine put toethr, the mntt«r s plae. These o com- 
monly in Ierns of leathe, or of woE fre, a ca tle wnn 
 the hands, and ]l walke touh ounds and ptur, fo 
«ech and s« boxes mee for their ppos d i thei chaurce 
fo be met d ked by the oers of the ounde t they make 
there, they fae stmyghte tt they ue loste the waye, d d 
 omitted in 153. 
- seing ....... dyd. B. omiS.  1573, ., 



HAIMAN A PRYGGER OF PRAUNCERS. 
syre to be enstructed thc beste waye to such a plie. These  
also rcpayre to gcntlcmens ho and ke the chatye, and ll 
offer their seice. d ff you ke them what they can do, thcy 
H say that they can kope two or thre Geldhg, and waitc pon 
a Gcntlcn. These haue ao their women, that wange from 
them in othcr phc, rke where and what they séc abroade, and 
dmwcth flmse Pars tlmrof when they mce, which  with  a 
wéeke or two. d loke, where they steale any flhgc, they conuay 
the se at the lt thre ore les of or more. 
ç Thcm was a Gcntlen, a vee fende of me, rydyng f»om 
London homcwardc into Kente, hauinge th in thrc myles of his 
hotte busynoesc, alyghted of his home, md his man ao, in a prctye 
te z] ge, where diuer hous were, and lookcd abou hym 
wherc ho myhte haue a conucnient person to we s horse, 
cause hee would speake with a Facr that dwclt on thc bkc side 
of the sayde Hage, lle aboue a quarter of a mylc fr«,m the place 
where he ghtcd, and had his a to waight vpon him,  it w 
mete for his cange : espng a Pggar there standing, thinking the 
me  dweH there, charg th pty prigginge pcrson to walkc 
his horœe weH, and that they might hot stande styll for kyng of 
coldc, and at his returne (which he sd should hot be longe)he 
would geue h a pcny to dke, aad so wente aboute h busine 
This peltyngc Pggoe, proude of his praye, wMkethe s horse  vp 
and downc tyll he we thc Gentleman out of sighte, and lepes him 
into the sad,leH, and awaye he goeth a mayne. This Gentleman re- 
turnin, and findhge hOt s homcs, sent his man to thc one end of 
the vyHage, and he went hielfe to the other ende, and enquired 
 he went for his hom that wem wked, and began some what to 
suspect, becauoe neither he nor  man eould se nr find m. 
Then this Gentleman deligentlye enquired of thre or foure towne 
dllers there whether y such rmn, deelarg s stature,  age, 
appareil, with so many linaments of s body as he eod eaH  
remembraee. d, "vna voee," aH yde tt no sueh n dwelt 
in tiroir strea, neither in the pafish, that they knewe of; but some 
• d wel remember that such a one they w there lkinge and hug- 
' rses. B.  Prend stature 



geringe two houres bcfore the Gentleman came thethcr, and a 
straunger to theoE "I had thoughte," quoth this Gent[eman, "ho 
hl here dwelled,"--and marched home manerly in his botes : farre 
from the place he dwelt hot. I suppose at his comming home ho 
sente suche wayes as he suspected or thought méete to scarche for 
this Prigger, but hetherto he neuer harde any tydinges agayne of his 
palfreys.--I had the best gcldinge stolen oute of my pasture that I 
had amongst othcrs whyle this boke was first a I,rintingc. 
¶ A PALYARD. Cap. 7. 
itcse Palliardes be cailed also Clapperdogens: these go with 
patched clokes, and haue their Morts with them, which thcy 
cal wiues ; and if he goe to one bouse, to askc his Mmes, his 
wife shall goe to a nothcr: for what they get (as brcad, chesc, 
malte, and woll) thcy seil the saine for rcdy money ; for so thcy get 
more and if they wcnt together. Although they be thus  deuided 
in the daie, yet thcy mete iompe at night. Yf thcy chaunce to corne 
to some geatylmaas bouse standinge [ef -, »k] a lone, and be dc- 
maunded whether they be maa and wyfi., and if he perceaue that 
any doubteth thereof, he shcwcth thcm a Testimonial with thc minis- 
ters naine, and others of the saine parishe (naminge a parishc in some 
shcre fare distant from the place where hc sheweth the saine). This 
writing he carieth to salue that sore. Ther bc many Irishe mea that goc 
about with counterïcate licenses ; and if they perceiue you _1 straytly 
examen them, they wiil immediatly saye they can speake no ]nglishe. 
¶ Frther, vnderstand for trouth that the w¢,rst and wckedst of 
ail this beastly generation are scarse comparable to these prating 
Pallyardcs. Ail for the most parte of these wil cither lay to their 
legs an herb callcd Sperewort, cyther Arsnicke, which is cailcd 
Ratesbanc. The nature of this Spereworte vyll rayse a grcat blistcr 
in a night vpoa the soundest part of his body ; aad if the saine be 
takea away, it wyl dry vp againe aad ao harme. But this Ars- 
nicke will so poyson the saine legge or sore, that it will euer after be 
incurable: this do they for gaine and to be pitied. The most of 
these that walke about be Walchmen. 
 Printed thiz 



HARMAN. A FRATER. 5 

[ A FRATER. Cal. 
Ome of these Fraters will cary blacke boxes ai their gyrdel, 
wher in they haue a briefe of the Queenes maiesties letters 
patentes, geuen to suche I poorc spitlehouse for the rcliefe of 
t1e poorc there, whiche briefe is a COl)pie of the letters patentes, 
vtterly fained, if if be in paper or in  parchment wthout the great 
seale. Also, if the saine brief be in printe, 3 it is also of auctortie. 
For the Printers wil sée and wel vnderstad, belote it corne in 
presse, that the saine is lawfuIl. Also, I ara credibly informed that 
the chiefe Proctors of manye of these houses, that seldome trauel 
abroad thern selues, but haue their factors to gather for thern, which 
looke very slenderly to the impotent and miserable creatures com- 
mitted to their charge, az die for want of cherishing; wheras they 
a/their wiues arc wel crarnmed az clothed, and will haue of the 
best. And the founders of euery such house, or the chiefe of the 
parishe wher they be, woulde better sée vnto these Proctors, that 
they might do their duty, they should be wel spoken of here, and in 
the world to corne aboudantly thercfore rcwarded. I had of laie an 
honest man, and of good wealthe, repayred to my bouse to common 
wyth me aboute certeyne affaires. I inuited the saine fo dinner, and 
dinner heinge done, I demaunded of hym some newes of these 4 parties 
were hee dwelte. « Thankes be to God, syr," (saith he) ; 
well and good now." "Now !" (quoth I) "this saine 'nowe' 
declareth that some things of late hath not bene wel." "Yes, 
syr," (cluoth he) "the  marrer is hot great. I had thought I should 
haue bene wel beaten within this seuenth night." "How so?" 
(quoth I). "Mary, syr," sayd he, "I ara Counstable for fault of a 
better, and was commaunded by the Iusticer to watch. The watch 
heing set, I toke an honest man, one of my neighbors, with me, and 
went vp to the ende of the towne as far as the spittle house, at 
which house I heard a great noyse, and, drawing nere, stode close 
vnder the wall, and this was at one of the clocke after midnght. 
i B. inserts   B. omits 
 Probably the reason why "in print" came fo be considered synonymous 
with « correct." $ee 2 Gent. of Verona, act il. sc. l, 175. 
 thoe. B.  B. omits the 



 HAMAN. A IEATER. 
Where he barde swearinge, pratinge, and wagers laying, and the pot 
apase walkinge, and xl. pence gaged vpon a marche of wrastling, 
pitching of the barre, and casting of the sledge. And out they goe, 
in a fustian fume, into the backe syde, where was a great Axiltrye, ! 
and there fell to pitching of the barre, being thre to thre. The 
Moone dyd shine bright, the Counstable with his neighboure myght 
see and beholde all that was done. And howe the rl'e of the 
house was rostinge of a Pyg, whyle her gestes were in their marche. 
Ai the laste they coulde hot agree vpon a caste, and fell ai wordes, 
and îrom wordes to blowes. The Counstable with his  fellowe 
rumws vnto them, to parte them, and in the partinge lyckes a drye 
blowe or two. Then the noyse increased ; the Counstable woulde 
haue had them to - the stockes. The vyfe of the house runnes out 
with ber goodman" to intreat the Counstable for ber gestes, and 
leaues the Pyg ai the fyre alone. n commeth two or thrJe of the 
next neighboures, beinge waked wyth this noise, and into the bouse 
they corne, and fynde none therein, but the Pygge well rosted, and 
carieth the saine awaye wyth them, spyte and all, vith suche breade 
and drinke also as stoode vpon the table. When the goodman and 
the goodwyfe of the bouse hadde intreated and pacified the Court- 
stable, shewinge vnto him that they were Proctors and Factores all 
of Spyttell bouses, and that they taryed there but to breake theyr 
fast, and woulde ryde awaye immediatelye after, for they had farre to 
goe, and therefore mente to ryde so earlye. And comminge into their 
bouse agayne, îyndinge the Pygge wyth bread and drincke all gonne, 
ruade a greate exclamation, for they knewe not who had the saine. 
' The Counstable returning and hearinge the lamentable wordes 
of the good wyfe, howe she had lost both meate and drinke, and 
sawe it was so in deede, hée langhed in his sleue, and commaunded 
ber to dresse no more ai vnlawfull boutes for any gestes. For hée 
thought it better bestowed vppon those smell feastes his poore neigh- 
 Castynge of axtre & eke of sion, 
8ofere hem ere fo ose non ; 
Bai, and barres, and sache play, 
Out of chycheorde put a-way.-- 
Myrc, p. i 1, l. 334-7 (E. E. T. oc. 1868) 
" Printed hts " to to. B. 



HARM'A. A ABRA[/A[ &. 47 
boutes then vppon suche sturdye Lu. The nex moynge 
betes the pt s,  spitte and pottes were tte af the Spittle 
hoe doore for the owner. us were these Facto beled 
of the reakeft, and one of them hde we aten 
« d, by my trouth," (quoth thys Cotable) "I w gladde when 
I w well d of theoE y," quoth I, "oede the[y] cte 
the e and sledge weH 
"you knowe ere hath bene manye mes th Soer. I thkc 
verely, tt if me of these Lubbars d bene there, and practysed 
amongest othe, 
gaines. For they were so stronge and sturdye, that I w hot able to 
stande in the bandes." "We" (quoth I) "af these gaines you 
speake of, both legges and aes bée t." « Yea," quoth this 
offycer, "they bée cked men. I haue séene me of them sithea 
th cloutes unde aute the legges, and haltynge h the 
staffe h the bandes. erefore some of theym, by GOD, e 
nought a." 
 A ABRAHAM [AN. Cap. 9. 
Hese Abrahom men be tho that fayne themselues to haue 
beene m, and haue 
some other pryson a good tyme, ed hot one amongst twenty 
that euer came in pn for y such cause: yet wyll they saye 
howe pitiously and most extreamely they haue bene bten, and 
dealt with a. Some of these be merye d vee pleasant, they 
H dace and sing ; some oers be as oelde and reonable to 
taoEe h aH. These gge money ; eher wn ey oeme at 
Fao howses they H demande Bake eher chée, or 
woell, or any thinge that is wohe money. And if ty espye s 
company thin, they wy th tierce countenauce demaund me 
what. ere for fre the ydes wy geue the largely  be 
d of the. 
ç If they maye conuenyently corne by any cheate, they 
picke and steale,  the v[p]dght man or Roge, potrey or 
lnen. And a]l wemen that wander bée at their commande- 
mente. Of  tht euer 
sÇlfe Stmge h the craftiest and moste dyssemblgest aue. 



- HARMAN. A WHIPIACKE. 

Hée is able wyth hys tounge and vsage to deceaue and abuse the 
wysest man that is. And surely for the proporcion of his body, 
with euery member there vnto appertayninge, it cannot ]e a mended. 
But as the prouerbe is "God bath done his part." Thys Stradlyng 
sayth he was the Lord Sturtons man ; and when he was executed, 
for very pensiuenes of mynde, [«r «] he fell out o his wytte, and 
so continued a yeare after and more ; and that with the very grefe 
and feare» he was taken wyth a marueilous palsey, that both head 
and bandes wyll shake when he talketh, with anye and that a pase 
or fast, where by he is much pytied, and getteth greate]y. And if 
I had hot demaunded of others, bothe men and women, that com- 
monly walketh as he doh, and knowen by them his déepe dis- 
simylatio, I neuer hadde vnderstand the saine. And thus I end 
wyth these kynde of vacabondes. 

[[ A FRESIIE WATER MARINER OR WHIPIACKE. Cap. 10. 
l[ese Freshwater Iariners, their shipes were drowned in the 
playne of Salisery. These kynde of Caterpillers counterfet 
great loes on the sea ; these bJe some Vestern men, and most bJe 
Irishe nen. These v.]] runne about the countrey wyth a counterfet 
lyceuce, fayninge either shypwraeke, or spoyled y Pyrates, neare 
the coaste of Cornwall or Deuonshyre, and set a lande at some hauen 
towne there, hauynge a large and formall wrytinge, as is aboue sayd, 
with the names and seales of suche men of worshyppe, af the leaste 
route or fiue, as dwelleth neare or next to the place where they fayne 
their landinge. And neare to those shieres wyll they hot begge, 
vntyll they corne into Vylshyre, Hamshyre, Barkeshyre, Oxîord- 
shyre, Harfordshyre, BIiddelsex, and so 1 to London, and downe by 
the ryuer to séeke for their shyppe and goods that they neuer hade : 
then passe they through Surrey, Sossex, by the sea costes, and so 
into Kent, demaunding almes to bring them home to their country. 
¶ Some tyme they countoffet the seale of the Adnfiraltie. ] 
haue diuers tymes taken a waye from them their lycences, of both 
sortes, wyth suche money as they haue thered, and haue confiscated 
the saine to the pouerty nigh adioyninge to me. And they wy]] hot 
 Omitted in 1573. 



HARMAN. A WHIPIACKE. 9 

beelonge with out another. For at anye good towne they wyll 
renewe the saine. Once wyth touche threatninge and faire promises, 
I required t,) knowe of one companye xvho ruade their lycence. And 
they sweare that they bought the saine at Portsmouth, of a ][ariner 
there, and it cost them t two shillinges ; with such warrantes to be so 
good and efectuall, that if any of the best men of lawe, or lea'ned, 
aboute London, should peruse the saine, they veare able to fynde no 
faute there with, lmt wold asuredly allow the sanie. 



0 H&RMAN. N. BLUNT, N. GEN'ïNGE8. 
t'leM l,. bsck], 

These two pyctures, lyuely set out, 
One bodye and soule, goal send him more grace. 
This mounstrous desembelar, a Cranke all about. 
\'ncomly couetinge, of eche to imbrace, 
Money or wares, as he ruade his race. 
And sometyme a marynar, and a saruinge man, 
Or els an artifieer, as he would fayne than. 
Such shyftes he vsed, beinge we]] tryed, 
A bandoninge labour, tyll he was espyed. 
Conding punishment, for his dissimulation, 
He sewerly receaucd with mueh declination 2 

J This page i. not in Bodley ed.  1573 reads ezclaTnation 



HARMAN. A (OUNTERFET CRANKE. .51 

t«] ff  coswa ca«tw. Cap. 11. 
I=[ese that do counffe the Cranke be yong aues and 
yonge hlots, tha depely disemble the fallg ickne. For 
the Cnke  heir langage is the falling euyll. [ haue 
séeno some of these th fayre tinge tfimoniall, with the 
names and seal of some men of worshyp  Shmpshe, and in 
other Sores ferre of, tiret I haue well koe, and haue taken tho 
saine om them. Many of theso do go without tinges, and wyil 
go hMfe naked, and looke moat pifioly. And ff y cloth ho 
geuen them, the[y]  immediatly sc the same, for weare it they wyll 
hot, causo flmy would bée the more pitied, and weare fylthy clothea 
on thek hdea, and neuer go xthout a pdece of why spe about 
them, which, ff they séc cae or prescrit gaine, they wyll priuely 
conuey tire saine into the mouth, and so worke the samc there, 
that they wy fome  it were a Boor% and manmlously for a tyme 
toent them selu ; and th deceiue they the common people, and 
yne much. These haue commoy the harlots  the other. 
An hollenday in the morning last Anno domini. 1566, or 
my  booke w halfe pted, I mne the fit impœeion, ther came 
early in the morfinge a Coffet Cranke vnder my lodge at the 
whyte Fryar, wythin the cloyster,  a lyttle yard or coorte, where 
aboutes laye two or thre eat Ladyes, beg without the lybertiea of 
London, wher by he hoped for the eatter gayne ; this Cranke there 
lamcntably lmentingo and piteHy cng fo be releued, declared to 
ders their hya yu and erable dyase. I being sen 
and hot haffc rdy, harde  do wordea and  morngs, 
heg m ne the falg sicknea, thought sedlye to my seffe 
that bée w a depe demblar ; so, comminge out at a sodae, and 
bcholdinge s vgly and ksome att hys lothsome and hoble 
countinance, it ruade me in a memelous parplexi what to the of 
hym, whether if were faed or trouth,for afr thia manner went 
ha: ha w naked om the wast vpward, ug ha had a old 
Icrken a of lther patched, and that w losO about h, that ail 
his bodye laye out barc ; a thy fouie cloth ha ware on h head, 
 ti. B.  ,y my. B.  çyr.n (et seqq.). B. ' . B. 



9 IIARAN. A COUNTEFiFET CRANKE. 

being cut for the purpose, hauing a narowe place to put out his face, 
with a bauer ruade to trusse vp his beard, and a stryng that tyed the 
same dogme close aboute bis necke ; wth an olde felt bat wbich he 
«tyll caried in his bande to receaue the charytye and deuotion of the 
people, for that woulde he hold out from hym; hmyng hys face, 
from the eye downe ward, ail sraerd with îreshe bloud, ef . «k] 
as thoughe be had new l]en, and byn tormented wyth his paynefull 
panges,his Ierken beinge ail be rayde with durte and myre, and 
hys hatte and hosen also, as thoughe hée haddc wallowed in the 
myre : sewerly the sighte was monstrous and terreble. ] called h3an 
vnto me, and demaunded of hym what he ayled. "A, good mais- 
te;" quoth he, " I haue the greuous and payneftdl dyseas cal]ed the 
falynge syckenes." "Why," quoth I, "howe conuneth thy Ierken, 
hose, and bat so be rayd with durte and myre, and thy skyn also " 
"A, good toaster, I fell downe on the backesyde here in the fowle 
lane harde by the watersyde ; and there I laye all most ail night, 
and haue bled all most all the bloude owte in my bodye." It raynde 
that morninge very fast ; and whyle I ,vas thus talkinge with hym, a 
honest poore woman that dwelt thereby brought hym a fayre lynnen 
cloth, and byd hym wype his face therewyth ; and there beinge a tobbe 
standing îull of rayne watcr, offered to geue hym some in a dishe 
tbat he might mkc hym selïe cleane: he refuseth  the saine. 
" Why dost thou so " quoth I. "A, syr;' sayth he, "yf I shoulde 
washe my selle, I shoulde îall to bledinge a freshe againe, and then 
I should hot stop my selle:" these wordes ruade me the more to 
suspecte hym. 
Then I asked of hym where he was borne, what is naine was, 
how longe he had this dysease, and what tyme he had ben here 
about London, and in what place. "Syr;' saythe he, " I was borne 
at Leycestar, my naine is Nycholas Genings, 2 and I haue had this 
alling sycknes viii. yeares, and I can get no remedy for the saine; 
for I haue it by kinde, my father had it and my friendes before me ; 
and I haue byne these two yeares here about London, and a yeare 
and a halle in bethelem." "Why, wast thou out of thy wyttes ?" 
quoth I. " Ye, syr, that I w." 
' ef«d. I;.  Genni. B. 



HARMAN. A COUNTERF]BT CRANKE. 53 
" Vhat is the Kepars naine of the house .... Hys naine is," 
quoth hée, "Iohn Smith." "Then," quoth I, "hée mu»t nder- 
stande of thy dysease ; yf thou hadest the saine for the tymc thou 
wast there, he knoweth it well." "Ye, hot onely he, but ail the 
house bée syde," quoth this Cranke ; "for I came thens but within 
this fortnight." I had stande so longe reasoning the marrer wyth 
him that I was a cold, and went into my chamber and ruade me 
ready, and commaunded my seruant to repayre fo bethelem, and 
bringe me truc worde ïrom the keper there whether auye suche man 
hath byn with him as a prisoner hauinge the dysease aforesayd, and 
gaue hym a note of his naine and the kepars also: my seruant, 
retorninge to my lodginge, dyd assure me that neither was there 
euer anye such man there, nether yet anye keper of any suehç 
naine; but hée that ,vas there keper, he sent me hys naine in writ- 
ing, afferming that hec letteth no man dcpart from h)Ta -¢nlesse he be 
let a waye by 0« «] hys ffCndes, and that none that came from 
hym bcggcth aboute the Citye. Then I sent ibr the Printar of this 
booke, and shewed hym of this dyssembling Cranke, and how I had 
sent to Bcthelem to vnderstand the trouth , and what atmsweare 1 
reeeaued againe, requiringe hym that I might haue some seruatt 
of his to watche him faithfully that daye, that I might vnder 
stand trustely to what place he voulde repaire at night vnto, and 
thether I promised fo goe my selle to sée thcir order, and that I 
voulde haue hym to associate me thether : hée gladly graunted to 
my request, and sent two boycs, that both diligently and "¢ygelantly 
accomplisht the charge geuen them, and found the same Cranke 
aboute the Temple, where about the most parte of the daye hée 
begged, vnlesse it weare about xii. of the clocke he wente on the 
backcsyde of Clementes Inc without Temple barre : there is a lane 
that goeth into the Fcldes ; there hec renewed his face againe wyth 
freshe bloud, whieh he caried about hym in a bladder, and dawbed 
on frcshc dyrte -¢pon his Ierken, bat, and hoson. 
T And so came backe agayne vnto the Temple, and sometyme to 
the Watersyde, and begged of all that passed bye : the boycs be- 
helde howe some gaue grotes, some syxe pens, some gaue more 
 tro. B. 



4 HAMAN. A OUTERFET CRANKE. 

for hée look«d so ougleie and yrksomlye, that euerye one pytied 
miserable case that beeheldc hym. To bec shorte, there he passed ail 
the dye tyll night approched ; and when it bagan to bée eome 
dark, he went to the water syde and toke  koller, and was serte 
ouer the Water into ainctc Georges feldes, eontrarye to my expect- 
atian ; for I had thought he woulde haue gonne into Holborne or to 
aynt Gylles in the felde ; but these boyes, with Argues and Lynce. 
cyes, set sewre watche vppon him, and the one tovke a bote and fol- 
lowed him, and the other vent backe to tell his maistcr. 
The boye that so folowed hym by Water, had no money to pay 
f,,r his Bote hyre, but laydc his Permet and his Ynkhorne to gage 
for a penny ; and by that tyme the boye was scttc oucr, his Maistêr, 
vrth all celerytc, hadde taken a Bote and followcd hym apase : now 
hdde they styll a syght of thc Cranke, wych crossed ouer the 
felddes towardes Tewyngton, and thether he went, and by that tynm 
they came thether it was very darke : thc Pryatcr badde there no 
acquaintance, nethcr any kynde of weapon about hym, nether knewe 
he  how farre the Craake ttlde goe, becawse hec then SUSl»ccted 
that they dogged hym of lpurposse ; he there stayed hym, aud called 
for the Counstable, whyche came îorthe dylygentclye fo inquyre what 
the matter was : thys zclous l'ryntar charged thys offyccr 
wyth hym as a malefactor and a desscmblinge vagabonde--the 
Counstable wouldc haue layde him all night in the Cage that stode in 
thc streate. "Naye," saythe this pitifull l'rynter, "I pmye you haue 
him into your bouse ; for this is lyke to be a cold nyght, and hc 
naked : you kepe a vytcllinge house ; let him be well chcrished this 
night, for he is well hable to paye for the saine. I knowe well 
gayncs hath byn great to day, and your house is a sufficicnt pryson for 
thc tyme, and wc wil there serche hym The Counstable agrecd 
thcre vnto : they had him in, and caused him fowashe him selle : 
that donne, they demaunded what money he had about hym. Sayth 
this Cranke, " So God helpe me, I haue but xii. pence," and plucked 
oute the saine of a lytle pursse. " Vhy, haue you o more  " quoth they. "o," sayth this Cranke, "as God shall sme my 
soule at the day of indgement." "We must se more," quoth they, 
 1573 reads kllcr  Omitted in 173 edit. 



H&RAN. A COUITERFET CRANKE.  
and began to stryp hym. Thon he plucked out a nother purse, 
wherin was xl. pens. "Toushe," sayth  thys Prynter, "I must sec 
more." Saythe this Cranke, "I pray God I bée dampned both body - 
and soule yf I haue anye more." "No," sayth thys Prynter, "thou 
false knaue, here is my boye that dyd watche thée ail this daye, and 
sawe when such men gaue the péeses of sLxe pens, grotes, and other 
money ; and yet thou hast shewed vs noue but small mouey." 
When thys Cranke liard this, and the boye vowinge it to his face, 
he relented, and plucked out another pursse, where in was eyght 
ahyllings and od money ; so had they in the hole that he had 
begged that day xiij. shillings iii. apens halfepeny 3. Then they 
strypt him starke naked, and as many as sawe him sayd they neuer 
sawe hansommer man, wyth a yellowe flexen beard 4, and fayre 
kyuued, withoute anye spot or greffe. Then the good wyfe of the 
house fer her goodmans  olde clocke, and caused the sanie tobe 
cast about him, because the sight shoulde not abash ber shamefast 
maydens, nether loth her squaymysh sight. 
Thus he set 6 downe at the Chermxes end, and called for a 
porte of ]3éere, and dranke of a quarte af a draft, and 
called for another, and sothe thyrde, that one had bene sufficient 
for any resonable man, the Drynke was so stronge. 7 I my selle, 
the next morninge, tasted thereof; but let the reader iudge what 
and howe much he would haue dronke and he had bene out of 
feare. Then when they had thus wrong water out of a flint in 
spoyling him of his euyl gotten goods, his passing pens 8, and flet- 
ing trashe, The printer with this offecer were in gealy gealowsit , 
and deuised to siarch a barne for some toges and vpright men, a 
quarter of a myle from the bouse, that- stode a loue in the fieldcs, 
and wente out about their busines, leauing this cranke alone with 
his wyTe and maydens : this crafty Cranke, espying al gon, requested 
the good wiïe that [mec I;] hee might goe out on the backesyde fo 
make water, and to exonerate ]Ms paunche : she bad hym drswe the 
lache of the dope and goe out, neither thinkinge or mistrusting he 

 ayil (sic). B. ï printed dody *"* d. oh. B.  bede. B. 
» man. B. • 1573 inserts ltim : ette hym. B.  1573 inserts that 
•/ence B. • The 1573 edition reads ioly ioylitie; gelvn, sy. B. 



6 HA.MA.'. A COUNTFFET CRANKE. 

would haue gon awaye naked ; but, to conclude, when hee was out, 
he ca.st awaye the cloke, and, as naked as euer he was borne, he tan 
away, i that he could  neuer be hard of s againe.1 Now - the next 
morning berlines, I wcnt vnto Newington, to vnderstand what was 
done, because I had word or it was day that there my printer was 
and at my comming thether, I hard the hole circumstaunce, as I 
aboue haue wrytten ; and I, seing the matter so fall out, tooke 
order with the chiefe of the parish that this xiij. shylling8 and 
iij. 4pens halfpeny 4 might the ncxt daye be equally distributed, by 
theix good discrecions, to the pouertie of the saine parishe, 5 and soit 
was done. 
 The 1573 edition finishes the sentence thus :--"ouer the fields fo his own 
house, as bée afterwards nid." 
 roulde. B. z- again til noa,. B. - d. b. B. 
* The 1573 edition continues thus :--" wherof this crafty Cranke had part 
him seLfe, for he had both bouse and wife in the saine parishe, as after you 
sha|l heare. But this lewde |ewterar could hot laye his bones to labour, hauing 
got once the tast of this lewd lasy loEe, for al this fayr udmonition, but de- 
uised oher sut.tel sle}ghis to mainiaine his ydell liuing, and so craflcly clothed 
him selle in mariners apparel, and associated him self with an other of 
companions : they hauing both mariners apparel, went abroad to aske charity 
of t2«e peop|e, fayning they hadde lostc their shippe with all their goods by 
casualy on the seas, wherewith they gayned much. This crafiy Cranke, 
fearinge to be mistrusted, fell to another kinde of begging, as bad or worse, and 
apparvlled himselfe very well with a fayre black fréese cote, It new payre of 
vhyte hose, a fyne felt bat on his head, a shert of flaundersworke esteemed to 
be wvrlh xvi. shillings ; and vpon newe yeares daycame againe into the whyt 
Fryevs fo beg : the prinier, hauing occasion to go that ways, hot thinking of 
tlis Cranke, by chaunce met with him, who asked his charitie for Gods sake. 
The printer, vewing him well, did mistrust him fo be the counterfet Cranke 
which deceuied him vpon Alhollen daye at night, demaunded of whence he was 
and what was his naine, 'Forsoth,' s0.ith he, 'my naine is Nicolas Genings, 
and I came from Lecester to séeke worke, and I ara a hat-rnaker by my occu- 
ptlion, and ail my money is spent, and i.f I coulde get money fo paye for my 
Iodging this nght, I would seke work to morowe amongst the hatters.' The 
printer perceiuing his depe dissimulation, putting his hand into his purse, seem- 
ing to giue him svme money, and th fayre allusions brought him into the 
strete, where he charged the constable with him, affirminge hirn fo be the 
counterfet Cranke that ranne away vpon AIho]on daye ]ast. The constable 
being very loth to medle with him, but the printer knowing him and lais depe 
disceit, desyred he mought be brought before the debutie of the ward, which 
straight was accomplished, which when he came belote the debuty, he de- 
maunded of him of whence he was and what was his naine ; he answered as 
before he did mto the printer: the debutie asked the printer what he woulde 
laye vnto hys charge ; he answered and aleged him fo be a vagabond and depe 
deceyuer of the people, nd the counterfet Crank that ran away vpon 
ha|lon day |ast from the consable of Newington and him, and requested him 
earnestly to send him to ward : the debuty thinking him tobe deceiued, but 



HAIIMA. A ' DOfMERAI. ,7 

ql  ollm Cap. 12. 
eae Dommerara are leud and mos ubyll people : the mose 
par of thes are Walch men, aad wyll neuer speake, vnlesse 
hey haue e-reame ptmishraen, bu wyll gape, and wih a 
maruelou fore wyll hold downe heir toungs doubled, groning for 
your charyty, and holding vp their bandes fdl pifiously, so ha wih 
their déepe dissimulation hey ge very much. There are of these 
many, and but one that I vnderstand of hath lost lais touag in dede. 
Hauing on a tire« occasion to ride to Dartforde, fo speake with a 
priest there, who maketh ail kinde of conseruea very well, and vseth 
stilling of waters ; And repayringe to his house, I fotmde a Dom- 
merar at his doore, and the priest him selfe perusinge his  lycence, 
vnder the sealea and hands of certayne worshypfull men, had  thought 
the saine to be good and effectuall. I taking the saine writing, and 

neuerthelesse laid his commaundement vpon him. so that the printer hould 
beare his charges if he could hot iustifie if ; he agTéed thcreunto. And so he 
and the constable went to cary him to the Counter : and as they were going 
vnder Ludgate, this crafty Cranke toke hishéeles and ran down the hill as fast 
as he could dr) ve, the constable and the printer after him as fast as they 
eoulde ; but the printer of t/e twayn being lighter of fore, ouertoke him st 
fleete bridge, and with strong hand caried him to the counter, and safely deli- 
uered him. In tlm morow tle printer sent his boy that stripped him vpon AI- 
halon day st night to view him, becaase he would be sure, which boy knew him 
very vell : this Crank confeed unto the debuty, tat he had hosted the night 
belote in Kent stréet in 8outhwarke, st the sign of the Coek, which thing to be 
true, the printer sente to know, and found him a lyer ; but further inquiring, 
st length found out his habitation, dwelling in insister Hilles rentes, hauinge 
a pretye house, well stuffed, with a fayre ioyne table, and a fayre cubbard 
garnished svith peuter, hauing an old auncient woman to his svyfe. The printer 
being sure therof, repaired vnto the Counter, and rebuked him for his beastly 
behaviour, and told him of his false fayning, willeà him to confesse it, and 
aske forgivenes : he perceyued him to know his depe dissimulation, relented, 
and eonfessed all his disceit ; and so remayning in the counter thrée dayes, 
was removed to Brydwel, 'here he wa strypt starke naked, and hi ougly 
attyre put vpon him before the maisters thereof, 'ho wondered greatly st his 
diimulation : for whieh offence he stode vpon the pillery in Cheapsyde, both 
in his ougly and handsome attyre. And after that went in the myll hyle his 
ougly picture was a di'awing ; and then as whypped af a cartes tayle through 
London, and his displayd banner caried before him vnto his own dote, and oe 
backe to Brydewell again, and there remayaed for a tsane, and st length let 
st libertie, on that condieion he would proue an houest man, and labour truly 
to get his liuing. And his picture remayneth in Bridewell for a monyment." 
--See, also, post, p. 89. 
 of?d. B. : t'hic?priest lad. B. 



58 HARMAN. A DOMMRA 

reading it ouer and noting the seales, founde one of the seales like 
vnto a seale that I had aboute nae, which seale I bought besides 
Charing crosse, that I was out of doubte it was none of those Gcn- 
tlcnaens seales that had sub[s]cribed. And hag vnderstanding 
beforc of their peuish practises, naade nae fo conceaue that all was 
forged and nought. I ruade the naore hast honae; for well I wyst 
that he would and naust of force passe through the parysh where I 
dwelt ; for there was no other waye for hyna. And conanainge honae- 
warde, I fotmd thena in the towne, accordinge fo nay expectation, 
where they were staid ; for there was a Pallyarde associate with the 
Dommerar and partaker of his gaynes, whyche Pallyarde I eawe hot 
at Dartford. The stayers of thena was a gentleman called  Chayne, 
and a seruant of nay Lord Kéepers, cald lVosteatowe, which was 
f 7. bck the chiefe causer of the staying of thena, being a Surgien, 
al/cunning in his science, had séene the lyke practises, and, as he 
sayde, hadde caused oue to speake afore that was donae . It was nay 
chaunce to conae at the begynning of the naatter. "Syr," (quoth 
this Surgien) " I ana bold hcre to vtter sonae part of nay cuming. 
I trust" (quoth he) "you shall se a nayracle wrought anon. For I 
once" (qoth he) "naade a dumnae naan to speake." Qoth I, "you 
are wcl naet, and sonawhat you haue preuented nae ; for I had 
thought to haue done no lesse or they hadde passed this towne. 
For I we]l knowe their writing is fayned, and they depe dissena- 
blcrs." The Suren ruade hyna gape, ad we could sée "out halfe 
a toung. I recluircd thc Suren to put hys fynger in his naouth, 
and to pfll ot his tong, and so he dyd, hot withstanding he held 
strongly a prety whyle ; at the length he plckt out the sanae, fo the 
great adnaimtion of many that stode by. Yet when we awe his 
totmge, he would nelther speake nor yet could heare. Quoth I to 
thc Sien, "kait two of his fyngers to gether, and thrust a stycke 
betwene them, and rubbe the sanae vp and downc a lytlc whyle, and 
for nay lyre hée speaketh by and by." " Sir," quoth this Surgien, 
" 1 praye you let nae practise and s other waye." I vas vell contented 
fo sée the saine, tte had him into a bouse, and tyed a halter aboute 
the wrestes of his bandes, and hoysed him T ouer a beanae, and 
 cal-(*iv). B. 2 dumme. B.  8o printed, an. B. 



ther« dyd lt hhn bang a good ,vhile : at the length, fr ery pairie 
he required for Gods sake to let hhu down. So he that was both 
dcafe and dume coulde in short tyme both heare and speake. Then 
I tooke that money I could find in his purse, and dtfibuted the 
saine to the poore people dwelling there, whiche ,vas xv. pente halfe- 
peny, being all that we coulde nde. That donc, and ths merry 
myracle madly ruade, I sent them wth my seruaunt to the next 
Iusticer, where they preaehed on the Pyl]ery for want of a Pulpet, 
and werc well whypped, and none dyd bewayle them. 
 A DRONKEN TINCKAR. Cp. 13. 
Hese dronken Tynckers, callcd also Prygges, be beastly peo- 
ple, and these yong knaues be the wurst. These neuer go 
with out their Doxes, and yf their women haue anye thing 
about them, as apparell or lynnen, that is worth the selling, they 
laye the same to e, or sell it out right, for bene bowse af their 
bowsing ken. And full sone wyll thcy be wearye of them, and 
haue a newe. Vhen they happen one woorke af any good bouse, 
thcir Doxes lynger alofe, and tar D, for them in some corner ; and yf 
he taryeth longe from ber, then she knoweth e« he bath worke, 
and walketh neare, and sittcth downe by him. For besydes money, 
he looketh for meate and drinke for doinge his dame pleasure. For 
yf she haue thre or foure holcs in a pan, hec wyll make as many 
more for spedy gaine. And ff he se any ol,l ketlc, chafer, or pewter 
dish abroad in the yard whcre he workcth, hée qu]cklye snappeth 
the same vp, aml in to the booget it goeth round. Thus they lyue 
with deceite. 
l ç I ,vas crcdiblye informcd, by such as could wcll tcll, that 
• one of thcse tipling Tinckers with his dogge robbcd by the 
high way iiij. Pallyards and two loges, six persons together, and 
tooke from them aboue foure pound in ready money, and bide him 
after in a thicke woode a daye or two, and so escaped vnlaken. 
Thus with lficking and stealing, mingled with a lytle worke for a 
coulour, they passe their rime. 



60 HARMAN. A SWADDFR. A IARKEMAN AND A PATRICO. 

¶ a SWaDDEa, OS Pv.»Lem Cap. 14. 
Hese Swaddcrs and l'edlcrs e no all cuyU, bu of an 
dilfeoen behauiour. The stand  grea awe of the 
vprigh men, for they haue often both wares and money of 
hem. ut for  much  they séeke gayne axy against the 
law and sau of thoE noble reae, hey are wcll wor[hy o be 
registred among the number of vacabon ; and doubedly I haue 
had,le some of them brought befor me, whcn I was  commsion 
of the peæe, as malefaco, for bryberinge and sage. d 
nowe of late i  a greac pr of he vprigh man, whcn he bath 
gotten a botye,  bestowe the saine vpon a pkcfl of wares, and 
so goeth a time fr  pleure, becac he wod lyue sfl out 
suspition. 
ç A XK .,   Pco. Cap. 15. 
)R  much  these two names, a Iarkeman and a PatHoe, 
bée in the old befe of vacabonds, and set forth  two 
kdes of e doe, you shaH vnderstande that a Iarkeman 
hathe h naine of a Iarke, wch is a seale  the Language,  one 
shoul,l nmke writinges and set seales for lycenc and porteL 
And for trouth there is none that goeth aboute the countrey of them 
that can eher wre so good and fae a hand, either indite so 
learnedly, as I haue serte and handeled a number of them: but 
haue thc saine ruade in good to where they corne, as what can 
hot be haddc for money,  the prouerbe sah (" Omnia venal& 
Rome"), and manyc bath 
Mso, there  a Patrico, and hot a Patriarcho , whiche  their 
langmage  a priest that shod makc maages tyll "death dyd 
depart ; but ey hauc none such, I ara weH assured ; tbr I put you 
out of doubt that hot one amo[n]gest a hundreth of thcm are maried, 
for they take lechcry for no se, but naturall fellowhyl» and od 
lyg loue: so that I wyll hot blot my boke with the two that 
b o. 
t ya,porte*. 



HARMAN. A DEMANDER FOR OLYMM&IL 61 

 A DEMAUNDER FOR Or.YMMAR. Cap. 
[[ese Demaunders fez glymmaz be for the moste parte wemen ; 
for glymmar, in their language, is lyre. These goe with fayned 
lycences and countetyted wrytings, hauing the hands an«l 
seales of suche gentlemn as dwelleth neze te the ple wheze they 
fayne thcm selues te haue bene burnt, and their goods consumod 
with lyre. They wyll most lamentable s demaunde your charitie, and 
wyll qucklye shed salie teares, they be se tender harted. They 
wyll neuez begge in that Shiere where thdr fosses (as they say) was. 
Seine of these goe with slates at their backes, which is a shdete te 
lye in a nightes. The vp4ght men be very familière with these 
kymle of wemen, and one of them helpes an other. 
 A DemRunder for glymmar came vnto a good towne in Kenle, 
te aske the cbadtie of the people, huinge  fRyned lycens aboute 
her that declnred ber misfortune by lyre, donne in Somerset sh)'re, 
walknge with s wallet on hez shouldcrs, where in shée put the 
uotion of suche as hadde no money te geue hez that is te saye, 
Malte, woll, baken, bread, and cheese  and ahvayes, as the saine was 
îull, se was it redye money te ber, when she emptyed the saine, 
where se euer shee trauelede: thys harlot was as they terme if, 
snowte fayre, and had an vpright man or two alwayes attendinge on 
her watche (whyche is on ber parson), and yet so circumspecte, that 
they woulde neuer bee sdene in ber company in any good towne, 
vnlesse it were in smale vyllages where typling bouses weare, eyther 
trauelinge to gether by the hygh wayes ; but t]«e troth is, by report, 
she would wekely be worth ri. or seuen shyllinges with ber begging 
and bycherye. This glimmering Morte, repayringe fo an Ine in the 
-sayde towne where dwelt a wydow of fyftie wynter olde of good 
welth; but she had an vnthryftye sonne, whom she vsed as a 
chamberlaine to attend gestes when they repared to ber bouse : this 
amerous man, be holdinge with ardante eyes thys  glynnneringe 
glauncer, was presentlye pyteouslye persed to the hart, and lcwdlye 
longcd fo bde clothed vnder ber lyuerye; and bestowinge ofs] a 
 faynen. B.  lamentably. B. 
beholding thiJ. B. 



62 H.«R.f,r. A DEMAUNDER FOR GLYfMAR. 
fewe fonde wordes with ber, detode stmyM that she wode be 
lye pewed to lyge lechery, and  a n med, mud 
hove  attae to h ppooe, for m he hadde no money. Yet 
sideringe wyth hym see that wares wode bée welcome whe 
moncy wanted, hée went th a wannion to his mothe chamr, 
and there sekinge aute for odde endes, at lenh founde a lytle 
whysteH of syluer that  mother dyd vse customablye to weare on, 
and had forgot the mme for hte that morge, and offeres the 
saine closely to th manerly mafian, that  she wod mete h on 
the backesyde of the toe and curteously kys him Sth out con- 
strat, she shoulde bée mystres thereof, and if weare much betr. 
"XVelI," sah she, "you are a wanton ; » and beholdge the 
whystell, was farther in loue there th then uysht wyth his 
peon, and aed to mete  psently, and fo accomplyshe h 
fon,le fimcy :to  short, and hot tedyous, a quarr of a myle fm 
the towne, he merely toke mesure of ber vnder a wdye bushe ; so 
she gaue h that she had hot, and he receiued that he eoulde hot ; 
d taking leue of eche other th a cueous kse, she plenfly 
psed forth one ber ioaye, and t vntoward lycorous chr- 
layne repayred home warde. But or these two toyes tooke there 
leue, the good fe myssed ber whysteH, and sent one of ber 
maydenes in to ber chamber for the saine, and being long sawght 
for, none eode be founde ; ber mystres heg that, digen search 
was de for the saine ; and that if w taken awaye, gan to s- 
pec ber blsed babe, and demaunded of her mayde whether 
none of them sawe ber sonne  ber chamber that moing, and one 
of them aunswed that she sawe h hot there, but coaing from 
the: then h she ough, for well she ste tt he had the 
saine, and sent for m, but he eod hot  founde. "Ehen she 
cauoed ber hosler,  whome she had better affyaunce  for his 
trouth,and yet hot one amont twenty of them but haue well 
left there honty, (As I her a eat  ye}o corne to 
ber, whiche attended fo kuowe her pleasure. "Goe, seke out," 
sache she, "my vntowarde sonne, and byd h corne speake 
with me." " I sawe h go out," aythe he, "halle an boute 
 t.B. 



HARMAh'. A DEMAUNDER FOR GLYMMAR. 
sithens one the backesydc. I hadde thought you hadde sent him 
of your arrante." "I sent him hot," quoth she; "goe, loke him 
ont." 
¶ This hollowe hosteler toke hi, staffe in his necke, and trodged 
out apase that waye he sawe him belote go, and had some vnderstand- 
ing, by one of the maydens, that his mistres had ber whistell stolen 
and stspected ber sonne ; and be had not gone farre but that he 
espyed him eomming homeward alone, and, meting him, axed where he 
had ben. e« 9. b«k] "Where haue I bene ? » quoth he, and began 
to smyle. "Now, by the mas, thou hast bene at some baudy 
ban¢luet." "Thou bast euen toi, le trouth," quoth thys chambe- 
layne. " Sewely," quoth this bosteler, "thou huddest the saine 
woman that begged af ou house to day, for the harmes sbe hl by 
fyre: where is she ? » quolh he. "She is almost a myle by tbis 
tyme," quoth this chamberlayne. "Vhere is my mystres wbystell 
quoth this hosteler; "for I am wcll assured that thou haddest if, 
and I feare me thou hast geuen it fo that harlot." "Why! is it 
myssed I" quoth this chamberlayne. "Yea," quoth this hosteler, 
and shewed bim all tbe hole ch.cumstaunce, wbat was botb sayde 
and thougbt on him for tbe thing. "Well, I wyl tell the," quoth 
thi. Chamberlayne. "I wylbe playne with tbe. I had it in dede, 
and haue geuen the same fo this woman, and I prye the make the 
best of it, and helpe nowe to excuse tbe marrer, and yet smly 
and thou wouldest take so much payne for me as fo ouer take ber, 
for she goeth but softly, and is hot yet farre of} and take the saine 
fom ber, and I ara euer thyne assued fréende." "Why, then, go 
with me," quoth this hostler. « Nay, in faythe," quoth this Chamber- 
layne ; "what is frear then giît  and I hadde prety pastime for the 
saine." "ttadest thou so ?" quoth this hosteler ; "nowe, by the 
masse, and I wyll haue some to, or I wyll lye in the duste or I corne 
ayne." Passing with hast fo ouer take this parmoure, within a 
myle from the place where he departed he ouertoke ber, hauing an 
vpright man in ber company, a stronge and a sturdye vacabond: 
some what amased was this hosteler to se one familiarly in ber coin- 
• pany, for he had well bopped to haue had some delycate dalyance, 
as his fcllowe hadde; but, seinge the matte so fallout, and being of 



 HARMAN. A DEMAINDER FOR GLYMMAI. 

good corage, and thinking to him selfe that one true man was hetter 
then two false knaues, and being on the high way, thought vpon 
helpe, if nede had bene, by such as had passed to and fro, De- 
maunded fersely the whistell that she had euyn nowe of his fellowe. 
" Why, husband," quoth she, "can you surfer thls vretche to 
slaunder your wyfe ?" "A vaunt reflet," quoth this vpright man, 
and letes dryue with all his force ai this hosteler, and after halfe  
a dosen blowes, he strycks his staffe out of his hande, and as this 
hosteler stept backe to haue taken vp his staffe agayne, his glymmer- 
inge Morte flinges a great stone at him, and stra]e ]im one the heade 
that downe hec fales, wyth the bloud about his eares, and whyle hée 
laye this amased, the vpright man snatches avaye his pursse, where 
in hJe hadde money of his mystresses as well as of his owne, and 
there let him lye, and went a waye with spede that they were neuer 
harde of more. Vhen this drye beaten hosteler was corne to hini 
selle, hJe fa)mtlye wandereth home, and crepethe in to hys couche, 
and restes [«af soj his ydle heade: his mystres harde that hée was 
corne in, and layde him downe on his beade, repayred straight vnto 
him, and aske hym vhat he ayled, and what the cause was of his so 
sudden lying one his bed. "What is the cause" quoth this 
hostelcr ; "your vhystell, your whistel,"---speaking the same 
pyteouslye thre or foure tymes. "Vvhy, fole," quoth his mystrisse, 
"take no care for that, for I doe hot greatly waye it ; it was worth 
but thrée shyllinges foure pcns." "I woultl it had bene bmt for 
îoure yeares agon." "I praye the why so," quoth his mystres ; "I 
think thou art mad." "Nay, hot yet," quoth this hosteler, "but I 
haue bene madly handlyd." « Vhy, what is the matter " quoth 
his mystres, and was more desirous to know the case. « Ad you 
wyl for geue my fellowe and me, I wyll shewe you, or els I wyll 
neuer doe it." Shee ruade hym presently faithfull promisse that shée 
woulde. "Then," saythe hee, "sende for your sonne home aôayne, 
vhyche is ashamed to loke you in the face." « I agre thcre to," 
sayth shée. "Vell, then," quoth this hosteler, "youre sonne hathe 
geuen the saine Morte that begged here, for the burninge of her 
hous, a whystell, and you haue geuen her v. shyllinges in money, 
 Omitted in 1573. 



HARMAN. A BAWI)Y BASKET. 65 

and I haue geuen ber ten shyllinges of ny owne." "Why, howe 
so " quoth she. Then he sadly shewed her of his myshap, with all 
the circumstaunce that you haue harde before, and howe hys pursse 
was taken awaye, and xv. shyllinges in the saine, where of v. shyl- 
linges was hez money and x. shyllinges his owne money. "Is this 
true" cluoth his mystres. "I, by my trouth," quoth this hosteler, 
"and nothing greues me so much, neyther rny beatlng, neither the 
fosse oî my money, as doth my euell t7 wreched lucke." "Wby, 
what is the matter" quoth his mystres. "Your sonne," saythe 
this hostelcr « had some chere and pastyme for that whystell, for he 
laye with her, and I haue bene well beaten, and haue had my pursse 
taken from me, and you knowe your sonne is merrye and pleasaunt, 
and can Irepe no great councell ; and then shall I bemoclred cΠ
loughed fo skorne in all places when they shall here howe I haue 
bene serued." "Nowe out vpon you knaues both," quoth hls 
mystres, and laughes oute the marrer; for she well sawe if vould 
hot other wyse preuayle. 

 A BAWDY BASKET. Cap. 17. 
Hese Bawdy baskets be also wemen, and go with baskets and 
Capcases on theix armes, whee in they haue laces, pynnes, 
nedles, white ynkell, and round sylke gyrdles of al coulours. 
These wyl bye conneyskins, I anà steale linen clothes of on hedges. 
And for their trifles they wil procure of myden seruaunts, when 
« 0, k their mystes oz dame is oute of the waye, either some good 
poece of béefe, bal«en, or chese, that shalbe worth xii. pons, îor ii. 
pens of their toyes. And as they wa]ke by the waye, they often 
gaine some money wyth their instrument, by such as they sodaynely 
mets withall. The vpright men haue good acquayntance with these, 
and will helpe and relieue thern when they want. Thus they trade 
their lyues in lewed lothsome lechery. Amongest them ail is but 
one honest woman, and she is of good years ; ber naine is Ione 
Messenger. I haue had good proofe of her, as I haue learned by the 
tru report of diuers. 
 Rabbitskins 



66 HA/tMA//. A B&DY BASKET. 

j There came te my gare the last sommer, Arme Domini .1566, 
la very miserable man, and much deformed, as burnt h the 
face, blere eyde, and lame of one of Iris legges that he went with a 
crouche. I axed him wher he was borne, and where he dwelt 
Iast, and shewed him that thether he must repaire and be re- 
leued, and net te range aboute the cotmtrey ; and seing seine 
cause of cherytie, I caused him te haue meate and drinke, and 
whcn he had dronke, I dematmded of him whether he was neuer 
spoyled of the vpright man or loge. "Yes, that I haue," quoth 
he, " and net this seuen yeres, for se long I haue gon abroad, I had 
net se much taken frein me, and se euyll handeled, as I was w/t/tin 
these iiij. dayes." "W]ay, how se 9" quoth I. "In good fayth, 
sir," quoth hée, "I chatmced te mete with one of these bawdy bas- 
kets which had an vpright man in ber company, and as I would 
haue passed quietly by ber, ' man,' sayth she vnto vnto ber make, 
' de you net se this ylfauored, windshaken knaue 9' 'Yes,' quoth 
the vpright man ; 'what saye you te him 9' ' this knane oweth me 
ii. shyllin for wares that 2 he had of me, halle a yere a go, I think 
it welL' Sayth this vlgright man, 'syra,' sayth he, 'paye your dets.' 
Sayth this poore man, ' I owe her none, nether dyd I euer bargane 
with ber for any thinge, and as this* aduysed I neuer sawe her before 
in ail my lyre.' ' Mercy, god !' quoth she,' what a lyinge knaue is 
this, and he wil net paye you, husband, beat him suerly,' and the 
vlglght man gaue me thlm or foure blowes on my backe and should- 
ets, and would hane beat me worsse and I had net geuen hym ail 
the naoney in nay pursse, and in gooà fayth, for very feare, I was 
fayne te geue him xiiij, per, s, which was ail the money that I had. 
' Why,' sayth this bawdy basket, ' hsst thou no more 9 then thou 
owest me ten pens styil ; and, be weil assured that I wyil bée payde 
the next tyme I méete vith thée.' And se they let me passe by 
thern- I praye god sane and blesse me, and al other in ny case, 
frein such wycked per8ons," quoth this poore man. " W]ay, whether 
went they then 9" quoth I. " Into east Kent, for I mete ith thera 
on thyssyde of lochester. I haue dyuers tymes bene attemted, but 

t B. inserts #ayth #he.  Omitted in 1573. s 1573 reads I ara 



HARMAN. A AUTEM MORT. A WALK|NC MORT.  
I neuer leste t  ranch îoe. I thank go, there c sty 
company by a fore  ppy rime." "Ve]' quoth I, « ta 
God of all, and repae home in thy natyue cotrey." 
ç s szsu uosz. Cap. 18. 
Hesa Aum Mors ha fied wemen,  there be but a fewe. 
For Autem  their nga  a Chiche; se she is a wo 
ried at th Church, and they ha  csto  a Cowe I 
haue, that goeth te B eue moone, with what Bufi sho careth 
net. These walke most tim frein the hbands companye a 
moneth and more  ther, hg ociate th another  benêt  
ber selle. Th fi pylfar cloth of hg: seine of them go 
dth cdren of n or xii. y of age ;  te and place sexe 
for the purpom, they wyll send them  seine hou, af the 
dow, te steale and robbe, wch they H  the n, Mill- 
g of the ken; and  go wlth waets on the shouldem, d 
slates at the bkes. The  one of the Autem Mos, she  
new a dow of fty yeres old ; her naine  Ace Mon : she 
goeth about th a couple of t boy, the yonst of them is 
ft vpon xx. year of age ; and the two de lye th ber euery 
night, and she lyeth in the midd : she sayth that they be her chil- 
dren, that beteled be babes borne of such abhonable beye. 
ç A WAING MORT. Cap. 19. 
Hese wa Modes bec net maed: the for the vn- 
happye yeares doth   a Aum Mor» and wyfi saye their 
husband ded eyther at Ncwhauen, Ireland, or in seine sece 
of the Prce. These ke laces on staues, a çes, tt they 
cary  their nds, and whe vnoe for beddes. nye of th 
th hadde and ue chylen: when these get ought, either with 
bcggg, byche, or bbc,  money or appe they are quicy 
sken out of a by the vpght mon, tt they c  a e[ot 
feue te ca y tnge aboute them that  of any val. ere 
fore, t polcye they vse, they leaue the money new with one and 
then th a nother ttye hoholdem, eyther th the good n or 
good e, seine te  one see, and then  another»  they 



8 HARMAIq. A WALKING MORT. 

trauell : this haue I knowne, tat iiij. or v. shyllinges, yea x. shyl- 
linges, lefte in a place, and the saine wyll they corne for againe with- 
in one quarter of a yeare, or some tyme not in halïe a yeare ; and ail 
this is to lytle purpose, for all their peuyshe [,e«-.. k] pollycy 
for when they bye them lynnen or garmentse, it i8 taken awaye 
from them, and worsse geuen them, or none at ail. 
ç The ]ast Sommer, Anno domini .1566, being in familiare 
talke with a walking Mort that came to my gate, I leamed by ber 
what I could, and I thought I had gathered as much for my purpose 
as I desired. I began to rebuke ber for ber leud lyre and beastly 
behauor, declring to ber what punishment was prepared and heaped 
vp for ber in the world fo corne for ber fylthy lyuinge and wretched 
conuersation. « God helpe," quofh she, "how shou/d I lyue  none 
wyll take me into seruice ; but I lbour in haruest time honestly." 
"I thinke but a whyle with honestie," qt/ I. "Shall I tell you," 
qu,tl she, " the best of vs all may be amended ; but yet, I thanke 
god, I dyd one good dede within this twelue mothea" «, VJherein ?" 
quoth I. Sayth she, "I woulde not haue it spoken of agayne." 
"Yf it be m6ete and necessary," quod I, « it shall lye vnder my 
feete." "What meane you by that"quoth she. "I meane," qwd 
I, "to hide the saine, and neuer fo discouer it to any." "Well," 
qot she, and began to laugh as much as she could, and sweare by 
the masse that if I disclosed the saine to any, she woulde neuer more 
tell me any thinge. "The last sommer," quothshe, " I was greate 
with chylde, and I traueled into east kent by the sea coste, for I 
lusted meruelously after oysters and muskels , and gathered many, 
and in the place where I found them, I opened them and eate them 
styll : at the last, in seking more, I reached after one, and stept into 
a ho|e, and fel in into the wast, and their dyd stycke, and I had 
bene drowned if the ride had corne, and espyinge a man a good waye 
of, I cried as much as I could for helpe. I was alone, he hard 
me, and repaired as fast to me as he might, and finding me their fast 
stycking, I required for gods sake his helpe ; and whether it was with 
strytinge and forcing my selfe out, or for ioye I had of his com- 
minge to me, I had a great couller in my face, and loked red and well 
 Omitted in 1573.  tue/a. B. 



RMANo WALKING MORT. 9 
ercd. d, fo bc playne with yo bée lyked me so we (as ho 
sayd) that I should ther lye s, and I would hOt t him, that 
ho ght lye xth me. d, by my trouS, I t hot what  
awr% I w  such a perplete ; for I knew the man we : he 
h a very honest woman  s e, and w of some welth ; and, 
one the other syde, ff I weare not holpe out, I shod thero haue 
perhe and I ted h that I wod obe  s 11 : then 
ho pluckod me out. d because there w no conueent place nero 
bande, I reqred h that I ght go whe my sege, and make me 
mewhat cley, and I wod corne  his house d lodge a ght 
  bae whether he ghte repae to me, and accomplyshe hys 
des,e, 'but let it hot be,' quoth she,  ' fore e of the clocke at 
nyte « 22] for then thcre lbe smaH stg. d I may r 
pae  the wne,' quoth she, 2 ' fo wae and de my selle' ; for 
t w about two of the clocke  the afr non ' Do so,' quoth 
bée ; ' for I mt be bie  looke oute my cattc hcre by before I 
can corne home.' So I went awaye om h, d gd w I." 
"And why so ?" quoth I. "Because," quoth she, "s we, my 
goed de, is my ve Jend, and I ara much beholge to hcr. 
d she hath doe me so much goed or ts, that I weare loth nowo 
to hae ber any waye." «y," quoth I, « what and it hadde 
béene any other man, and not yo good dames hbande?" "The 
marrer h beno the lesse," quoth shée. "Te me, I pmy the," 
quoth I, "who w the father of thy chylde " She stodyd a whyle, 
and sayde that if hadde a father. "But what w bée ?" quoth I. 
"Nowe, by my trouth, I knowe hot," quoth shée ; "you bnge me 
out of my marrer so, you do." "We, ye on," quoth I. "Thon I 
dcparted stmyght to the towne, and came  my dames hoe, d 
shewed ber of my mysfoe, ao of ber husband vse,  ail 
pot, and that I showed ber tho saine for good H, and byde her 
e bctr héede fo ber hbande, and to ber sexe :  shée gaue me 
eat ankes, and ruade mv good chCtc, d byd me in anye o 
that I shod ho redye at the barne af that te d hoe we  
apod ; ' for I knowe we,' quoth ts goed we, 'my hband 
H hot bake wh the. d one tge I wame s e, that thou 
' , ed. 1573. « 1, ed. 1573.  varran. , 



70 HStXN. x w^«tN aosT. 
geue me a watche wordc a loud when hée goeth abou 
ple of the, and tt sh x bée "fye, for shame, fye,"and I wyH 
bée rde by you h helpe. But I charge the kéepe thys secret 
vty aH bee fed ; and ho/de,' saythe thys good e, ' 
one of my tieos I geue thé' ' I te you, good dame,' 
quoth I,  and I waan you I 11 bée true and trustye vnto 
you.' So my me le me ttge by a good fyre th m 
and e ; and th the oys 
ehoere : shée wente styght and repa  ber go dweg 
the by ; and,  I dyd afr dende, she de ber mone 
them, wt a nahtye, lew, leehwo hde sh hde, and 
howe that she eoulde not ue hys compye for hado, and tt 
she w  fre fo ke some fylthy dyse of hp, he w so 
eoen a man, hage lle rese whome he dde  do th 
a ;  and,' quoth she, ' nowe here is one at my ho, a poore won 
tt goeth abou the eoty that he woulde haue dde  doe 
t ; wherefore, good neyghbotes d longe gosses,  you 
loue me, d  you would haue hel at my nd another te, 
deuyse so remedy to make my hnd a good ma that I y 
le in some suey without se, d OEat bée may saue s soule 
that God so derelye 0 , ¢k] bought.' r shée hde tolde ber 
le, they cas their ge ey a vpon her, but one stou dame 
amongst the test had the word' As your poeient bge of 
troubles, your hont behauiour among vs yot neyghboum, yo 
nder and pif ha fo the poore of the pash, doth moue vs to 
lainent yo c, sothe atiable carnali of yo ithelesse h- 
bande dofl itiga and st  to deuyse and uent some spéedy 
redrse for yo ee 2 and the amendement of hys lyfe. refore, 
ts is my concert and you H bée ueysed by me ; for  I saye 
to you 1, e it be t good e, who 
t marrer, I ue the nex oee ; for hée w in bande wh me 
hot longe a goe, and companye d hot ne prent, wch w by 
a meruelo chance, he hde, I te, forc me. For on hée 
hath ne mg  th me, d yet haue I shady sayde h 
' s. B.  1873 reads c ' itted in 1578. 
 1573 re 



HARMANo A WALKING MORT. 7[ 
naye : thcrefore, let vs assemble secretly into the place where hée 
hathe apuynteà to méete thys gyllot that i af yo houoe, and lyrke 
preuelye in some coer tyll h begyn  goe aute  b. 
d then me thought I harde you saye euen nowe that you had a 
wahe word, at wch word we wy aH stepfoh, beg fiue of vs 
besydes you, for you shal none because it  yo hbde, but 
gette you to d at your accustomed hoe. d we ll oe he 
of vs  good byoehen dde in o ps, and we w aH be moEeled 
for ong, and  at you goe home and acquat that walg 
Mo with the matter ; for we mu haue ber helpe fo hol for 
alwes fo must hold and to lay one.' ' s ' sah th good 
wyf  he  to stmnge for you a I wod be loth, for my sake 
you should eaue he at  bande.' ' fe you hot,' q«olh these 
stout wemen, ' let ber hot ue the watch wo vntyl s hoecn be 
abaut s legg. d I owe we a lbe th h  bg 
before he shaH haue lee to plucke them vp agae.' They a 
th on voyce ag[r]ed  the matter, that the way she had deuised was 
the best : so s good e repaed home ; but befo she ded 
from ber gosses, she shewed them at what hoe they should 
preuely corne  on the bksid, ad whee  tary the go out: 
so by the te she came , it w ail most night, and fod the wa- 
ing oe stiH settg by the fe, and decled to ber a ts new 
deuyse aboue sayd, ch proed faytuy to f fy to ber sma 
poe  much  they hadde deuysed : tn a quaer of an oure 
afr,  commeth the good man, who said that he w aut s 
catte. "y, what haue we here, fe, settg by the fe  ond 
 she haue eate and dronke, snd ber into the bae  ber lodging 
for  ght, for she tmuleth the bouse." "Euen  you  
husnde," sah his e ; "you owe she commeth once  two 
yer  the Ve 1 quarts. Awaye," sache this  we, 
"to yo ln." "Y, go dame," sah she, " ft  I 
can:" thé, by lokg one 2 on the other, eche ewe othe mde, 
and so depard to ber comy couche : the good man of the hou 
sodge h for Ioye, tg to h sege, I  make some p 
te th you anoe. d cag   e for hys sopper, set 



72 HARM,. A WLN« ORT. 
him downe, and was very plesant, and dranke fo his wyfe, and fell 
to his mammerings, and mounehed a pace, nothing vnderstanding of 
the bancquet that  was a preparing for him after sopper, ad according 
to the prouerbe, that swete meate wyll haue sowre sawce : thus, when 
he was weil refreshed, his sprietes being reuyued, entred into fami- 
Ilare talke with his wife, of many matters, how well he had spent 
that daye to both there proffytes, sayinge some of his cattell 2 were 
lyke to haue bene drowned in the dyches, dryuinge others of 
neyghbours cattell out that were in his pastures, and mending his 
fences that were broken downe. Thus profitably he had consumed 
the daye, nothinge talking of his helping out of the walkinge lIorte 
out of the myre, nether of his request nor yet of ber 3 lromlsse. 
Thus feding ber with frendly fantacyes, consumed two boutes and 
more. Then fayninge howe he would se in what case his horse 
we in and howe they were dressed, lepaired couertly into the 
barne, where as his frée[n]oeye foes ]yrked lreue]y, vnlesse it were 
this manerly lIorte, that comly couched on a bottell of strawe. 
« What, are you corne ?" quoth she ; "by the masse, I would hot 
for a hundreth pound that my dame should knowe that you were 
here, eyther any els of your bouse." "o, I warrant the," sayth 
this good mau, "they be ail safe and fast ynough at their woorke, 
and I vylbe at mine anon." And laye downe by ber, and strayght 
would haue had to do witl her. "lay, fye," sayth she, "I lyke 
hot this order: ff ye lye with me, you shal! sure|y vntrus you and 
put downe your hosen, for that way is most easiest and best." 
"Sayest thou so " quoth he, "now, by my trouth agTed." And 
when he had vntrussed him selfe and put downe, ho began to assalt 
the vnsatiable  fort "Vhy," quoth she, that was with out shame, 
sauinge for ber promes, "And are you not ashamed ?" "neuer a 
whyte," sayth he, "lye downe quickcly." "ow, fye, for shame, 
fye," sayth shée a loude, whyche was the vatche word. At the 
which word, these fyue furious, sturdy, muffeled gossypes flynges 
oute, and takes sure holde of this be tmyed parson, sone  pluckinge 
his hosen downe lower, and byndinge the saine fast about his féete ; 
 B. omlts tlt  B. inserts fluet • 1573 reads 
 B. reads vn$anable, or vnsauablv • 1573 reads 



HAZAN. A DOX. 73 

thon byndinge iris bandes, and knitting a bande charcher about iris 
eyes, that ho shoulde net sée ; and when they had ruade hym sure 
and fat, Thon they layd him one vutyll they weare windles. "Be 
good," sayth this Morte, "vnto my maister, for the passion of God," 
tts , k and layd on a fast as the test, and styll seased net te 
crye vpon them te be mercyfull vnto hynh and yet layde on a pace; 
and when they had well beaten hym, that the bloud braste plenti- 
fullye oute in most places, they let hym lye styll bounde. With 
this exhortation, that ho shoulde frein that tyme forth knowe 
wyfe frein other mens, and that this punishment wa but a flebyting 
in respect of that xvhich should followe, yf ho amended net his 
manners. Thus leuynge hym blustering, blowing, and fominge for 
payne, and malyncolye that hée neither might or coulde be reuenged 
of thern, they vanyshed awaye, and hadde thys /orte with them, 
and safely conuayde ber out of the towne : sono after conmeth into 
the barne one of the good mans boyes, te fet seine haye for his herse. 
And fyndinge his maister lyinge faste bounde and greuouslye beaten 
with rodes, wa sodenly abashed and woulde haue runne out agayne 
te haue called for helpe ; but his maiser bed hym corne vnto hym 
and vnbynd hym ; « and make no wordes," quoth ho, "of this. I 
wylbe reuenged well inoughe ;" yet net with standinge, after botter 
aduyse, the matter beingo vnhonest, ho thought if mer te let the 
sarne passe, and, net, as the prouerbe saythe, te awake the sleping 
dogge. "And, by my trouth," quoth this 'alkinge Iorte, « I corne 
nowe frein that place, and was nouer there sythens this parte was 
playde, whiche is seine what more thon a yeare. And I here a very 
good reporte of hym new, that ho loueth his wyfe well, and vseth 
hym selle verye honestlye ; and was net this a good acte ? nowe, howe 
saye you " "It was pretely handeled," quoth I, "and is here ail?" 
"Yea," quoth she, "bore is the onde." 

ç A Doxz. Cap. 20. 
Hese Doxes be broken and spoyled of their maydenhead by 
the vpright mon, and thon they haue their naine of Doxes» 
and net afore. And aîerwade sho is common and indifforent for 
any that wyll vse ber, as ]ono is a commen naine te ail mon. Such 



4 HARMA. A DOXE. 

as be fayre and some what handsome, kepe company with the walk- 
inge Mortes, and are redye alwayes for the vpright men, and are 
cheifely rnayntayned by thcm, for others shalbe spoyled for their 
sakes : the other, inïerior, sort wyll resorte to noble mens places, and 
gentlemens bouses, standing at the gate, eyther lurkinge on the 
backesyde about backe houses, eythcr in hedge rowes, or some other 
thycket, expectinge their praye, which is for the vncomely company 
of some cmeous gest, of whome they be refreshed with meate and 
some money, where eschaunge is ruade, ware for ware: this brcad 
and meatc they vse to carrye in their tz«f z4] greate hosen ; so that 
these beastlye brybinge  bréeches serue manye tymes for bawdye pur- 
poses. I chaunced, not longe sithens, familiarly to commen with a 
Doxe that came to my gare, and surelye a pleasant harlot, and hot so 
pleasant as wytty, and hot so wytty as voyd of al] gmce and goodnes. 
I founde, by ber talke, that shde hadde passed ber tyme lewdlye 
cyghttene yeares in walkinge about. I thoughte this a necessary 
instnmmnt to attayne some knowledge by ; and before I wotlde 
grope her mynde, I ruade her both fo eate and drynke wcll ; that 
done, I ruade ber faythfull promisse to geue ber some money, yf she 
would open and dyscouer fo me such questions as I woulde demaunde 
of her, and neuer fo bJe wraye ber, neither to disclose ber naine. 
".4md you shoulde," sayth she, "I were vndon :" "feare hot that," 
quoth I ; "but, I praye the," quoth I, "say nothing but trouth." 
« I wyll not," sayth she. "Then, fyrste tel] me:' quoth I, "how 
many vpright men and loges dost thou knowe, or hast thou knowne 
and byn conucrsaunt with, and what their names be 1" She paused 
a whyle, and sayd, "why do you aske me, or vherefore 1" "For 
nothinge els,"as I sayde, "but that I wou]de knowe thcm vhen 
thcy came to my gare." "Nowe, by my trouth" (quoth she) "then 
are yea neuer the neare, for al] myne acquayntatmce, for the moste 
parte, are deade." "Dead !" quoth I, "howe dyed they, for wante 
of cherishinge, or of paynefull diseasesl" Then she sighed, and 
sayde they were hanged. "What, all " quoth I, "and so manye 
walke abroade, as I daye]ye see ?" "By my trouth," quoth she, "I 



,. A »LL. 75 

knowe not paste six or seuen by their names," and named the saine 
to me. « When were they hanged " quoth I. "Some seuen yeares 
a gone, some thrJe yeares» and some within this fortnight," and de- 
clared the place where they weare executed, which I knewe well to 
bée troc, by the report of others. "Vhy" (quoth I) "dyd hot this 
sorrowfull and fearefull sight much greue the, and for thy tyme longe 
and euyll spent?" « I was sory," quoth shée, "by the ][asse; for 
some of them were good louing men. lror I lackt not when thcy 
]md it, and they wanted hot when I had if, and diuers of them I 
neuer dyd forsake, vntyll the Gallowes departed vs." "0, mercyfull 
God !" quoth I, and began to blesse me. "Why blesse ye ?" quoth 
she. "Alas! good gentleman, euery one muste haue a lyuinge." 
Other matters I talked of; but this nowe maye suffice to shewe 
the Reader, as if weare in a glasse, the bolde beastly lyre of these 
Doxes. For suche as hath gone anye tyme abroade, wyll neuer for- 
sake their trade, to dye therefore. I haue hadde good œerofe thereof. 
There is one, a notorious harlot, of this affinitye, called Besse 
Bottomelye ; she hath but one bande, and she bath murthercd two 
children af the least. 

[leaf 21. back] 

 . :DELL. Cap. 21. 
Dell is a yonge wenche, able for generation, and hot yet 
knowen or broken by the pright man. These go abroade 
yong, eyther by the death of their parentes, and no bodye to 
looke vnto them, or e]s by some sharpe mystrcs that they 

serue, do runne away out of seruice ; eyther she is naturally borne 
one, and then she is a wyld Dell: these are broken verye yonge ; 
when they haue bJene lyen with all by the vpright man, then they 
be Doxes, and no De]s. These wylde de]s, beinge traded vp with 
their monstrous mothers, must of necessytie be as euill, or worsse, 
then their parents, for neither we gather grapes from grene bryars, 
neither fygs from Thystels. But such buds, such blosoms, such 
euyll sede sowen, wel worsse beinge growen. 



' ItARMA. A KYCHI MORTE» ETC. 

¶ A KYSCHtS I[ORE. Cal). 22. 
A Kynching Morte is a lytle Gyrle: the Motes their mothers 
carries them at their backe.s in their slates, whiche s theix 
shetes, and bryngs them vp sauagclyZ» tyll they growe to be 
rypo, and soone type, soone rotten. 

[ A KYNçHEN Co. Cap..2°3. 
A Kynchen Co is a young boye, tradcn vp to suchc peuishe pur- 
poses as you haue harde of other young ympes belote, that 
whcn hc groweth vnto yeres, he is better to bang thon to drawe 
forth. 
¶ THEIR VSAGE IN THE NIGHT. Cap. 24. 

Ow I thinke it hot vnnecessary to make the Rcadeœ vnder- 
stand how and in what maner they lodge a nights in barnes 
or backe houses, and of their vsage there, for asmuch as I 
haue acquaynted them with thcir ordcr and practises a day 
times. The arche and chiefe walkers that bath walkcd a 
long rime, whose experience is great, becanse of their continuh}ge 
practise, I meane all Mortes and Doxes, for their handsonmes and 
diligence for making of their couches. The mcn neuer trouble them 
selues with that thing, but takes the saine to be the dutye of the 
wyfe. And she shuffels vp a quayntitye of strawe or haye into 
some pretye carnet of the barne Oe« zsl where she maye conue- 
nJentlye lye, and well shakethe the saine, makinge the heade some 
what hye, and dryues the saine vpon thc sydes and fete lyke abed : 
then 8he ]ayeth her wallet, or 8ome other ]ytlc pack of ragges or 
scrype vnder her heade in thc strawe, to beare vp the saine, and 
layethe her petycote or cloke vpon and ouer the strawe, so ruade lyke 
a bedde, and that serueth for the blancket. Then she layeth ber 
slate, which is her sheete, vpon that ; and she haue no shdete, as 
fewe of them goe without, then she spreddeth some large cloutes or 
rags ouer the saine, and maketh hex ready, and layeth ber drouselye 
downe. Many wyll plucke of their smockes, and laye the saine vpon 
them in stede of their vpper shéete, anal all ber othex peltc and 
 B. reads 8ofely 



HARMANo DOXE8 VSAGE IN 
trashe vpon ber also ; and many lyeth in their smoc]es. And if the 
rest of hcr clothcs in colde weather be no sufllcicn to ]epe ber 
warme, thcn she ta]eth strawe or mye to performe the marrer. The 
otbcr sore,  hane no slates, but toumble downe and couche a 
hogshead in their clothes, these bée styil lousye, and shall neuer 
with out vermyn, vnlesse they put of theire clothes, and lye as is a 
boue sayde. If the vpright man corne in where they lyc, he bath 
his choyse, and crepeth in close by his ]:)oxe: the Roge bath 
leauings. If the Morts or ]:)oxes lye or bc lodged in some Farmcrs 
barne, and the dote be ether locked or ruade fast to them, then 
not the vpright man presse to corne in, rnles if be in barnes and 
oute bouses standine alone, or some distance from bouses, which be 
commonly knowne to them, As saint (uintens, thrée Cranes of the 
vintrey, Saynt Tyb]es, and Knapsbery. These foure be with in onc 
myle compasse neare vnto London. Then hane you iilj. more in 
iddleesx, drawe the pudding out of the lyre in Harrow on thc hyll 
parish, the Crose Keyes in Canîord ! parish, Saynt Iulyans in 
Thysteil worth parish, the bouse of pyty in Northhall parysh. These 
are their chiefc bouses neare about London, where commonly thcy 
resorte vnto for Lodginge, and maye repaire thether freelye at ail 
tymes. Sometyme shail corne in some Roge, some pyckinge knaue, 
a nymble Prygge; he walketh in softly a nishtes, when they be af 
their test, and plucleth of as many garmentes as be ought worth that 
he maye corne by, and worth money, and maye easely cary the saine, 
aud runneth a waye with the saine with great seleritye, and maleth 
porte sale at some conuenient place of theirs, that some be soonc 
ready in the morning, for want of their Casters a¢/ Togemans. 
Where in stede of blessinge is cursing ; in place of praying, pestelent 
prating with odious othes a/ terrible threatninges. The vpright 
men haue geuen ail these nycke names to the places aboue sayde. 
Y[e]t haue [Z«af obck] we two notable places in Kent, not fare 
from London : the one is betwene Detforde and Rothered, called the 
Kynges barne, standing alone, that thcy haunt commonly ; the othex 
is Ketbroke, standinge by blacke heath, halle a mylc from anye 
bouse. There wil they boldlye drawc the latche of the doore, and 
 1573 reads Oraford. 



78 HARMAN. NAME8 OF VPRIGHT MENo 

go in when the good man with hys famyly be af SUl)per , and syt 
downe without leaue, and eate and drinke with them, and either lye 
in the hall by the fyre all night, or in the haine, ff there be no tome 
in the bouse for them. If the doore be eyther bolted or lockt, ff if 
be hot opened vnto them when they wyl, they wyl breake the saine 
of)en to his farther cost. And in this barne sometyme do lye xl. 
vi)ght men with their I)oxes together af one time. And this must 
the poore Fariner surfer, or eh they threaten him to burne him, and 
ail that h bath. 

THE NAMES OF THE VPRIGHT M-EN, ROGES, AND 
PALLYARDS. 

Ere followeth the vnrulye rablement of rascals, and the moste 
notoryous and wyckedst walkers that are lyuinge nowe at this 
present, with their true names as they be called and knowne by. 
And although I set and I)lace here but thre orders, yet, good Reader, 
vnderstand that all the others aboue named are deriued and corne 
out from the vpright men and Roges. Concerning the number of 
MinCes and Doxes, it is sui)erfluous to wryte of theIm I could well 
haue don if, but the number of them is great, and woulde aske a 
large volume. 
[ UPRI«HT 

A. I 
Antony Heymer. 
Antony Iackeson. 
B. 
Burfet 
Bryan medcalfe. 
C. 
Core the Cuckold. 
Chrystouer Cooke. 

I)owzabell skylfull in Edmund Dun, a sing- 
fence, ing man. 

Dauid Coke. 
Dycke Glouer. 
Dycke Abrystowe. 
Dauid Edwardes. 
Dauid Holand. 
Dauid Iones. 

Edward Skiner, alias 
Ned Skinner. 
Edward Browne. 
F. 
Follentine Hylles. 
Fardinando angell. 
Fraunces Dawghton. 

i The arrangement in Bodley ed. is hot alphabeticai. 



HARMA/. NAME8 OF VPRIGHT MEN. 

Great Iohn Graye. 
George Marrinar. 
George Hutclfinson. 
H. 
Hary Hylles, alias 
Harry godepar. 
«.r ] Harry Agglyn- 
fine. 
Harry Smyth, he 
driueleth when he 
speaketh. 
Harry onson. 
I. 
lames Barnard. 
Iohn Myllar. 
lohn WMehman. 
Iohn Iones. 
Iotm Teddar. 
Iohn Braye. 
Iohn Cutter. 
Iohn Bell. 
Iohn Stephens. 
Iohn Graye. 
Iohn Whyte. 
Iohn Rewe. 
Iolm Mores. 
Iohn a Farnando. 
Iohn Newman. 
Iohn Wyn, alias Vyl- 
Iohn a Pycons. 
Iohn Tomas. 
Iohn Arter. 
Iolm Palmer,aHasTod. 

Iohn Geffrey. 
Iohn Goddard. 
Iohn Graye the lytle. 
Iohn Graye the great. 
Iohn Wylliams the 
Longer. 
Iohn Horwood,amaker 
ofwels; hewyll take 
hali his bargayne 
in hand, and when 
hée bath wrought 
ii. or iii. daies, he 
nmneth away with 
his earnest. 
Iohn Peter. 
Iohn Porter. 
Iohn Appowes. 
Iohn Ater. 
Iohn Bates. 
Iohn Cornes. 
Iohn Chyles, alia 
great Chyles. 
Ioh Leuet; hemaketh 
taples and fausets. 
Iohn Louedall, a mais- 
ter of fence. 
Iohn Louedale. 
Iohn Mekes. 
Iohn Appowell. 
Iohn Chappell. 
Iohn Gryffen. 
Iohn Mason. 
Iolm Humfey, with 
the lame hand. 
Iohn Stradling, with 
the shaking head. 
Iohn Franke. 
Iohn Baker. 
Iohn Bascafeld. 

L. 
Lennard Iust 
Long Gréene. 
Laurence Ladd. 
Laurence Marshall. 
M. 
N. 
Nicolas Wilson. 
Ned Barington. 
Ned Wetherdon. 
Ned holmes. 
O. 
P. 
Phyllype Gréene. 
Q. 
R. 
Robart Grauener. 
Robart Gerse. 
Robart Kynge. 
Robart Egerton. 
Robart Bell, brother 
fo Iohn Bell. 
Robart ]Iaple. 
RobaM; Langton. 
Robyn BelL 
Robyn Toppe. 
Robart Brownswerd, 
he werith his hero 
long. 
Robart Curtes. 
Rychard Brymmysh. 
Rychard Iustyce. 
Rychard Barton. 



80 HARMAN. NAMES OF ROGES. 

Rychard Constance. Thomas Graye, his toes 
Rychard Thomas. be gonue. 
Rychard Cadmam Tom Bodel. 
Rychard Scategood. Thomas Wast. 
Rychard Apryce. Thomas Dawson alias 
Thomas Iacklin. 
1Rychard Walker. 
Thomas Basset. 
Rychard Coper. Thomas Marchant. 
S. Thomas Web. 
Thomas Awefeld. 
Steuen Neuet. 
Thomas Gybbins. 
Thomas Lacon. 
T. 
Thomas Bate. 
Thomas Bulloke. [«« Thomas Allen. 
. back| 
Thomas Cutter. V. 
Thomas Garret. 
Thomas Newton. W. 
Thomas Web. Welarayd Richard. 

Wylliam Chamborne. 
Wylliam Panuell. 
Wylliam Morgan. 
Wylliam Belson. 
Wylliam Ebes. 
Wylliam Garret. 
Wylliam Robynson. 
Wylliam Vmberuile. 
,Vylliam l)auids. 
Wyll Pen. 
Wylliam Iones. 
Wyll Powell. 
Wylliam Clarke. 
Water Wirall. 
Wylliam Browne. 
Water Martyne.  
Vylliam Grace. 
Vylliam Pyckering. 

ROGE8. 
Arche Dowghs, a Scot. George Belberby. 

B. Goodman. 
Blacke l)ycke. Gerard Gybbin, acoun- 
terfet Cranke. 
C. 
H. 
D. 
Hary Walles, with the 
l)ycke l)urram, lytle mouth. 

l)auid Dew neuet, a Humfrey ward. 
counterfet Cranke. 
Harry Mason. 
E. 
F_lward F_ys. 
Edward Anseley. 

Fo 

Iohn Elson. 
Iohn Raynoles, Irysh 
l-flan. 
Iohn Harrys. 
Iames Monkaster, a 
counterfet Cranke. 
Iohn l)ewe. 
Iohn Crew, with one 
Iohn Browne, great 
stamerar. 

I. L. 
Iohn Warren. Lytle Dycke. 
Iohn l)onne, with one Lytle ]obyn. 
legge. Lambart Rose. 
 Omitted in 1573 edit. 



HARMAN. NAMES OF PALLYARDS. 81 

M sonder wit 
More, burnt in the eth, and a bawdye the sld ski. z 
hd.  m onkaroE 
RicM Cne; he W. 
N. caeth a Kchne Wyam Carew. 
Nicho Adam, a Ce at s bke. Wyiam wtfield. 
eat sme.  Rycha Iones. Wyon. 
Nycho Csp ffe Keey. Wyam Gkes, with 
Nychol Blunt al/ Robe Haron. a whe bearde, a 
NychoGegs, lty and stronge 
a coteffet Crae. S. n ; he eth 
Nycho Lynch. Simon Kynge. about the cotrey 
R.  séeke worke, with 
T. a byg boy, s soe 
Rychoed Brewton. cg  foies as 
Rychard Hood, wel[ Thom Pke. a dawber or pys- 
re lx. yeares aTh°m Bere. terer, butlytleworke 
olde; he wy be om Shawnean, seeth m. 
a ri. peny nayle a sh man. 

 PALLYARDs. 

B. Edward Lewes, a dura- Iohn Fysher. 
Bashford. merer, lohu Dewe. 
]ï). H. Iohn Gylford, Irish, 
Dycke Sehan Irish. Hugh Iones. with a counterfet 
lisence. 
Dauid Powell. I. 
L. 
Dauid Iones, a court- Iohn Perse, 4 a counter- 
teffet Crank. fet Cranke. Laurence with the 
E. Iohn dauids, great legge. 
Iohn Harison. N. 
Edward Heyward,hath 
his Morte following Iohn Carew. NycholasNewton, cari- 
him, which fained Iames Lane, with one eth a fained lisence. 
the Cranke. eye, Irish. Nicholas Decase. 
t Omitted in 1573 ed.  Last three words omitted in 1573 ed. 

J The 1573 ed. arranges these names in the following order 
Thomas Béere. 
Irish man. 
Thomas Smith with the 
skalde skin. 
Thomas Shawneam, 
4 The 1573 ed. reads 
6 



8 HARMAN. PEDDELAR8 FRENCHE. 

P. Richard Thomas. Thomas Dauids. 
Prestoue. Wylliam Thomas. 
S. Wylliam Coper with 
R. 
Soth gard. the Harelyp. 
Robart Lackley. 
8wanders. Wyll Pettyt, beareth a 
Robart Canloke. Kinchen mort at his 
Richard Hylton, cary- T. back. 
eth ii. Kynchen Wylliam Bowmer. 
mortes about him. Thomas Edwards. 

There is aboue an hundreth of Irish men and women that wander 
about to begge for their lyuing, that hath corne ouer within these two 
yeares. They saye the[y] haue béene burncd and spoyled by the 
Earle of Desmond, and report well of the Earle of Vrmond. 
ç All these aboue wryten for the most part walke about Essex, 
]Hyddlesex, Sussex, Surrey, and Kent. Then let the reader iudge 
what number walkes in other Shieres, I feare me to great a number, 
ff they be well vnderstande. 

 , bkl 1Here followoEh their pelting speche.I 
Ere I set before the good Reader the leud, lousey language of 
these lewtering Luskes and lasy Lorrels, where with they 
bye and sell the common people as they pas through the 
countrey. Vhych language they terme Peddelars Frenche, 
a vnknowen toung onely, but to these bold, beastly, bawdy 
Beggers, and vaine Yacabondes, being halfe myngled with 
Englyshe, when it is famyliarlye talked, and fyrsto placinge thinges 
by their proper names as an Introduction to this peuyshe spéeche. 

Nab, a pmtling chete, quaromes, 
a head. a tounge, a body. 
Nabchet, Crashing chetes, pmt, 
a bat or cap. téeth, a buttocke. 
Glasyers, Hearing chetes, stampes, 
eyeB. eare, legges. 
a smelling chete, fambles, a caster, 
a nose. handea a cloke. 
gan, a fambling chete, a togemaD, 
a mouth, a rynge on thy hand. a cote. 

 B. omits. 



HAMAN. PEDELAR EN. 

83 

a commission, quiet, a prauncer, 
a shierte, nonght, a horse. 
drawers, a gage, autem, 
hosen, a quarte pot. a church. 
stampers, a skew, Salomon, 
shooes, a cuppe, a alter or masse. 
a mofling chete, pannam,l patrico, 
a napkyn, bread, a priest. 
a bel|y chete, cassan, nosegent, 
an apern, chéese, a Nunne. 
du, les, yaram,  a gybe, 
clothes, mylke, a writinge. 
a lag of dudes, lap, a Iarke, 
a bucke of clothe., butter milke or whey. a seale. 
a slate or slates, ers] pek, a ken, 
a shéete or shetes, meate, a bouse. 
lybbege, poppelars, a staulinge ken, 
a bed. portage, a bouse that wyll 
bunge, turf pek, ceaue stolen ware. 
a pursse, baken, a bousing ken, 
lowre, a grunting chete or a a ale houso. 
monye, patricos kynchen, a Lypken, 
a bouse fo lye in. 
rnynt, a pyg. 
golde, a Lybbege, 
a cakling chete, 
a bord, a cocke or capon, a bedde. 
a shylling, glymmar, 
halle a borde, a margery prater, lyre. 
a hem 
sixe ponce. Rome bouse. 
flagg, a Roger or tyb of the wyne. 
a groate, buttery, lage, 
a Gooseo 
a wyn, water. 
a penny, a quakinge chete or a a skypper, 
red shanke, a barne. 
a make, a drake or ducke. 
a halfepeny, strommell, 
bowse, grannam, strawe. 
drynke, corne. 
a gentry cofes ken, 
bene, a lowhinge chete, A noble or gentleua,. 
good. a Cowe. house. 
benshyp, a bletinge chete, a gygger, 
very good. a calfe or shéepe, a doore. 

J The 1573 ed. reads Yanam 
a B. reads yarum. The !73 ed. reads Param 



4 IIARMAN. ROGUE8 : THEIR PELTING 8PECHE. 

dogge. 
the lightmans, 
the daye. 
the darkemans, 
the nyght. 
Rome vyle, 
Londou. 
dewse a vyle, 
the countrey. 
Rome mort, 
the Quene. 
gentry cofe, 
noble or gentleman. 
gentry morte, 
nobleorgenfle woman. 
the quyer cuffyn,' 
the Iusticer of peace. 
the harman beck, 
te Cotmstble. 
the harmans, 
the stockes. 
Quyerkyn, 
pryson house. 
Quiet crampringe, 
boltes or fetters. 
trynin, 
hanginge. 
chattes, 
the gallowe. 

the hygh pad, to towre, 
the hygh waye. to sée. 
the ruffmaus, to bowse, 
the wodes or buahes, to drynke. 
a smellingo chete, to maunde, 
a garden or orchard, fo aske or requyre. 
crassinge chetes, to stall, 
apels, peares, or anye to make or ordaine. 
other frute, fo cante, 
fo f-ylebe, to beate, to 
stryke to robbe/ to speake. 
fo nyp a boung, to myll a ken, 
to robbe a houso. 
to cut a purse. 
To skower the cramp- fo prygge, 
fines, Of. bk to ryde. 
toweareboltesor fotters, fo dup the gyger, 

fo heue a bough, 
to robbe or rifle • boew- 
eth. 
to cly the gerke, 
to be wbypped. 
to cutte benle, s 
to speake gently. 
to cutte bene whydds, 
to speake or geue good 
wordes. 
fo cuttequyrewhyddes, 
fo geue euell wordes or 
euell language. 
to cuLte, 
to ye. 

to open the doore. 
to couch a hogshead, 
fo lye downe and siéepe. 
to nygle, 
to haue to do with a 
woman carnally. 
stow you, 
holde your peace. 
bynge a waste, 
go you hence. 
to the ruflïan, 
to the deuell. 
the ruffian cly the, 
the deuyll take thée. 

l The vpright Cofe canteth to the Roge.' 
The vpright man speaketh to the Roge. 
VPRIGHTMAN. 5 
Bene Lightmans to thy quarromes, in what lipken hast thou 
|ypped in this darkemans, whether in a lybbege or in the strummell  

s c»tyn. B. 
* For these two lines printed in smsll type, the 1573 edition reads, 
To fylche 
to robbe 
• b. B. « »gr. B. ' m. B. 



HARMAN. THE VFRIGHT COFE CANTETH TO THE ROGE.  
God morrowe to thy bvdy, in what house hast thou lyne in ail night. 
whether in a bed, or in the strawe I 

ROGE. 
I couched a hogshead in a Skypper this darkemans. 
I layd  me downe to s]éepe in a barne this nght, 
VPRIGHT ZAIq. 2 
I towre the strummel trine vpon thy nabchet 3 and Togman 
I rée the strawc haug vpou thy cap and coate. 

ROGE. 
I saye by the Salomon I will lage if of with a gage of benebouse ; 
then eut to my nose watch. 
I sweare by the masse , I wll washe it of with a quart of good drynke ; 
Oeaf zo]5 then saye to me what thou wylt. 
lV[x. Why, hast thou any lowre in thy bouge fo bouse  
Why, hast thou any money in thy purse 1o drinke I 
ROGE. But a flagge, a wyn, and a make. 
But a grot, a penny, and a halle penny. 
MAre Why, where is the keue that bath the beue bouse  
where is the house that hath good drinke 7 
ROGE. A bene mort hereby af the signe of the praunccr. 
A good wyfe here by at the signe of the hors. 
IIAI. I eutt it is quyer buose, I bousd a flagge the faste dark 
Inans. 
I saye it is small and uanghtye drynke. I dranke a groate there 
the last night, 
Rock.. But bouse there a bord, an,l tho shalt haue bencship. 
But drinke there a shyllinge, and thou shalt hane very good. 
Towcr ye yander is the kene, dup the gygger, and maund fliat is 
bene shyp. 
Se you, yonder is the bouse, open the doore, and aske for the best. 
' lave. B. ' B. omits «Tri.qht. " nabclws. B. 
t masst. B.  This leaf i8 8upplied in MS. in Mr Huth's edition. 



f rlARMAN. THI. V'RIGHT CoF CANTETH TO THE ROGK 
. T e   bchyp   ro bo 
 de  as g as e. 
ow I wer tt benc boe k ne bes. 
Now I  OEat g de makes a oen heade. 
Maunde of t moe wt bene çecke is in ber ken. 
Aske o ts fe what go mea ee hath in her houoe. 
Ro. She hath a Caclg che, a unting chc, ff Pke, 
s, and œoççlarr of y. 
She bath a hen, a pyg, baken, cheoe and mylke poage. 
[. That  benh to o watche. 
at is ve g or vs. 
Now we hauc we bod, let vs strike some che. 
Nowe we haue well dnke, let us sae me tge. 
Yonder dwceth a quyere cuffen, it were benp to myH h 
Yonder dweeth a hoggee and choyrlye man, it werc ve well doe 
 robbe him. 
o. Nowe bynge we a woE to the hygh çad, the rnes 
is by. 
Naye, let  go henoe  the hygh waye, e wes is at hand. 
s. So may we haœœen on the Haanes, and cly the ]arke, 
or to the quyerken and skower quyoer crampgs, and so  tning 
OZl Ihe chats. 
[lef,bk] So we mae chaunoe  t in OEe sckes, eyther be whp 
eyoEer d  prin house, and therc be sh with bolttes and fet[e, and 
then  han on the gallowes. 
Ge gan, the ruban clye thee. 
A rde in thy mouth, the deuyll ke OEee. 
MAS. What, stowe your bene, cofe, and cut benat whyd, and 
byng we to tome vyle, to n a bong ; so shaH we hauc lo for the 
bourg ken, and when we byng back to the deusuyel, we wy 
fylche some duddes of the uffemans, or my the ken for a lage of 
dud. 
a holde your peace, g ellowe, and eake better wordes» and go 
we fo ndon, fo cut a pue ; then l we haue money for the aie house, and 

 good in the 1573 ed. 



ILAA.. NYCHOLAS LUNTES TBICK. 
when vee corne backe agae  thc try, wee wyH steale me lyen 
clothes of one z heN or robbe me ou for a bucke of clothes. 
ç y t 11e ye maye holy .nd fy vndede the ware 
oEe and ltg sache, m,glede thout mee  and  they 
haue oe of la to deuy e some new teoE for ceien tges, 
so H they  tyme alr ri;s, and deuy  euyll or wose. Ts 
langage nowe beinge o en and sçred abroade, yet one tge 
more I wyH ad n, hot menge  Englyhe the saine, beea I 
lmed the saine  of a shamel Doxe, but for OEe pe of speche 
I set it foh onely. 
cre w a proude pahico and a nosegent, he tooke  Iocm 
in hh famble, and a wappinge he went, he dokte the DeS, hee pryge 
to province, he byngd a waste into the darke mans, he fylcht the 
Cofe, th out any fylch man. 
Hyle t second Impreion was  pntge, it ibuned 
that ychol Blunte, who caed h sege ycholan 
Gennyns, a counterefet Cmnke, that  spoken of  thh 
booke, w fonde begging  the wh fryers on ewe yeares day 
last pt, no doi .1567, and cod vnto a offcer, who 
caried h to the depetye of the ward, which commytted hym 
vnto the coter ; and  the cotable and a nother wod haue 
caded h thether, T coffet Cranke ran awaye, but 
lyghter of fore then the other ouer toke hym, a so leag h 
fo the coter, where he remayned tee day and from thence to 
Brydewe, where befom the maister  he had his dyssed apare 
put vpon hym, which w monstmus to holde, And aer stode in 
Chepesyde ith tire saine appa on a scafold.  
A Stockes to staye se, and safely detaync, Vr 
Ly lewd Leutterem, that lawes do offend, 
Impudent mo, thus punished th pae, 
Haroeyc for a ts, do meane fo amende. 
 e 1573 ed. h 
 aad of "the e," the 1573 ed. rea& 
 This pamaph is omitted in the ed. of 1573 ; but see note, ant«, p. 56. 



8 HARMAN. THE STOCK.ES. 

Fetters or shackles serue fo make fast, 
]Iale malefactours, that on myschiefe do muse, 
Vntyll the learned lawes do quitc or do cast, 
Such suttfle searchers, as all cuyll do vse. 



HARMAN. H ROGE8 END. 

A whyp is a whysker, that wyll wrest out blood, 
10f backe and of body, beaten right well. 
Of ail the other it doth the most good, 
Experience techeth, and they can well tell. 

89 
80, bk] 

q 0 dolefull daye ! nowe death draweth nere, 
Hys bytter styng doth pearce me to the barre. 



90 HARMA..N. THE COUNTERFET CRANKE. 

I take my leaue of all that be here, 
Nowe piteously playing this tragicall parte. 
Neither stripes nor teachinges in tyme could conuert, 
whcrcfore an ensample let me to you be, 
And all that be present, nowe praye you for me. 

z¶ This counterfet Cranke, nowe vev and bcholde, 
Placed in pyllory, as all maye well se: 
rhis w he,  you hue hd the tale tolde, 
before recorded with great suttylte, 
Ibused manye with his inpictc, 
his lothsome attyre, in most vgly manner, 
was through London caried with dysplayd banner.  
 B. omits this stanza and has inserted the following lines under the eut. 
Tis is the f'gre of the counterfet Cranke, that is spoken of lu this boke 
of Roges, called ycholas Blunt other wyse )-cholas Gennyngs. ttis [ale 
lu the xvii. lefe [pp. 55-] of this booke, vhich doth howe vnto ail that reades 
it, woundrous su/tel] and crafty deseit dome of ,,nd by him. 
z This veroe is omitted in the editiou of 1573; also the wood-cut 
precedig it. 



HAttMAN. 00NCLUS|0N. 91 

 Thus I conclude my bolde Beggars booke, 
That all estates most playnely maye see, 
As in a glasse wcll pollyshed to looke, 
Their double demeaner in eche degree. 
Their lyues, their language, their names as they 
That with this warning their myndes may be warmed, 
To amend their mysdeedes, and so lyue vnharmcd. 

FINIS. 

¶ Imprinted af London, in Fletestrete, af the signe of thc Faulcon 
by Wylliam gryffith. Anno Domni. 1567.  

t B. adds ' the eight of January'. (This wouhl make the year 1568 aoeor,l- 
ing to the modern reckonittg, lffarman's 'llew Yeares day last past, Anno 
domini 1567', p. 86, must also be 156.) 



92 

[ Lansdowne .IE. 98, leaf 210.] 

A sermon ruade by Parson Haben vppon a mold hill af Hartely 
Row, 1 at the Comaundment of vij. theves, whoe, after they had 
robbed him, Comaunded him to Preache before them. 

I Marvell that euerye man will seine to dispraise theverye, and 
thinke the doers thereof worthye of Death, when it is a thinge that 
Cometh nere vnto vertve, and is vsed of ail men, of all sortes and in 
all countryes, and soe comaunded and allowed of god himelfe- 
which thinge, because I cannot soe sapiently shewe vnto you a  soe 
shorte a tyme and in soe shorte a place, I shall desirc you, gentle 
theves, to take in good parte tlds thinge that at this tyme Cometh 
to minde, not misdoubtinge but you of your good knowledge are 
able to ad more vnto the saine then this which I at this tyme shall 
shewe vnto you. rst, fortitude and stoutnes, Courage, and boldnes 
of stomacke» is Compted of some a verrue ; vhich beinge graunted, 
W-hoe is he then that will hot Iudge theves vertuous, most stoute, 
most hardye I I most, withoute feare. As for stealinge, that is a 
thinge vsuall :--whoe stealeth notl flot hot only you that haue 
besett me, but many other in many places. ]fen, Woemen, and 
Children, Riche and poore, are dailye of that ïacultye, As thc hange 

 MS P, ew. Hartley Row is on the South-Western road past Bagshot. 
The stretch of fiat land there was the galloping place for coaches that had to 
make up rime. 



93 

[MS. Cott. Vezp. A xxv. leaf 53.] 
A sermon of parsoa Hyherdyne which he ruade art the commande- 
mente of certen theves, after thay had Rohbed hym, besydes 
hartlerowe, in hamshyer, in the îeldes, ther standinge vpon a 
hy where as a wynde myll had heao, in the presens of 
theves that rohhed hym, as followithe. 
the sermon a followethe 
I greatly merve] tat any man wyl presume to dysprae 
theverie, and thynke the dooere therof to be woorthy of deathe, con- 
syderinge itt is a thynge that curnithe nere vnto vertue, beinge vsed 
of many in al contries, And colnmendid and allowed of god hym 
selfe ; the wMch thinge, hy-canse I cannot compendiously shew vnto 
yov af soo short a warnynge and in soo sharpe a wethe, I shal 
desyer yow, gentle audiens of theves, to take in good parte thes 
thynge that at thys tyme cumythe fo my mynde, not mysdowtynge 
but that yow of yowre good knowledge are able fo add mutch more 
vnto ytt then this wMch I sh.l nowe vtte vnto yow. ffyrst, forti- 
tude, and stowtnes of corage, and also howldnes of minde, is corn- 
mendyd of sume men to he a vertue ; wMch, beinge grawnted, who 
is yt then that wy hot iudge theves fo he vertused I for thay he of 
al men moste stowte au/ hardy, and moste withowte feare ; for 
thevery is a thynge moste vsualt emonge a] men, fo not only yov 
that be here presente, but many othe in dyuerse places, hothe men 
ad wemen and chyldren, rytche and poore, are dayly of thys faoultye, 



 PAION E14'8 8EEMOI4. LAIDS. MB. 98. 
man of Tiborne can ttiîe. That if is allowed of god himselîe, i 
is euident in msny sorTe f tbe criptures. And iî ou liste o 
looe in the whoe Corse o the bible, yo shall finde that theves 
haue bin belovid of god. flot Iacobe, when he Came oute of Meso- 
potomia, did steale his vncles lambes; the saine Iacobe stale his 
brother Esawes blessinge ; and that god saide, "I haue chosen Iacob 
and refused Esawe." The Chfldren of Isarell, when they came 
oute of Egippe, didd steale the Eppsians Iewells and ringes, and 
god comaunded the[m] soe to doe. David, in the dayes of Aheme- 
l[e]ch the preisto, came into the temple aud stole awaye the shewe 
bread ; And yet god saide, "this is a man accordinge to myne owne 
barre." Alsoe Christe himsellfe, vhen he was here vppon earth, did 
take an asse, a Colte, vhich was none of his owne. And you knowe 
that god saide, "this is my nowne sone, in whome I delighte." 
Thus maye you see that most of ail goal delighteth in theves. I 
marvell, therefore, that men can despise your lires, vhen that you 
are in all poynts almost like vnto Christe ; for Christ hade noe dwell- 
inge place,--noe more haue you. Christe, therefore, af the laste, was 
laide vaite for in all places,--aud soe are you. Christe alsoe at the 
laste was called for,--and soe shall you be. He was condenmed,m 
soe shail you be. Christe was hanged,--soe shall you be. He de- 
scended into hell,---so shall you. But in one pointe you differ. IIe 
assendid into heaven,--soe shall you never, without gods mercye, 
Which god graunte for his mercyes sake ! Toe whome, with the sonne 
and the holye goste, be ail honour and glory for euer and euer. 
Amen ! 
After this good selon ended, whiçh :Edefied them soc 
touche, Theye hadd soe touche Compassion on him, That 
they gave him all his mony agayne, and vij s more for 
his sermon. 



PARSON HYBERDYNE*S SERMON. MS. COTT. VESP. A 6. 95 

as the hangman of tyboorne can testyfye : and that yt is allowed of 
god hym selïe, as it is euydente in many storayes of [the] scriptures ; 
for yf yow looke in the hole cowrse of the byble, yow shall fynde 
that theves haue bene beloued of gode ; for Iacobe, whan he came 
owte of Mesopotamia, dyd steale his vncle labanes kyddes ; the saine 
Iacobe also dyd steale his brothe[r] Esaues blessynge ; and yett god 
sayde, "I haue chosen Iacobe and refused Esau." The chyldren of 
ysmel, whan they came owte of Egypte, dyd steale the egiptians 
iewelles of syluer and gowlde, as god commawnded them soo to doo. 
Davyd, in the days of Abiather the hygh preste, did cume into tlm 
temple and dyd steale the hallowed breede ; au yet god saide, 
"Dauid is a ma euen after myne owne harte." Chryste hym se]le, 
whan he was here on the arthe, did take an asse and a cowlte that was 
none of hys  and yow knowe that god said of hym, "this is my 
beloued soone, in whome I delighte." thus yow may see that god 
delightithe in theves, but moste oî art I marrer[ that men can 
dispyse yow theves, where as in a poyntes almoste yow be lyke vnto 
christe hym selle: for chryste had noo dwellynge place ; noo more 
haue yow. christe wente frome towne to towne ; and soo doo yow. 
chrste was hated of a] men, sauynge of hic freendes  and soo are 
yow. christe was laid waite vpon in many places ; and soo are yow. 
chryste af the lengthe was cawght; and soo sha yow bee. he was 
browght before the iudges ; and soo shal yow bee. he was accused ; 
al«l soo shat[ yow bee. he was condempned; and soo sha yow 
bee. he was hanged ; and so sha] yow bee. he wente downe into 
he[[ ; and soo sha[[ yow dooe. mary ! in this one thynge yow dyffer 
frome hym, for he rose agayne and assendid into heauen ; and soo 
sha] yow neuer dooe, withowte godes greate mercy, wh/ch gode 
grawnte yow! to whome with the father, and the soone, and the 
hooly ghoste, bee ait honore and glorye, for euer and euer. Amen ! 

Thus his sermon beinge endyd, they gaue hym his money agayne 
that thay tooke frome hym, and ij ° to drynke for hys sermon. 



T||E GROUNDWORKE OF CONNY-CATCH|NG. 99 

To the gentle Readcrs health. 

Gentle reader, as there hath beene diuers bookes set forth, as 
warnings for ail men to shun the craftie coossening sleights of these 
both men and women that haue tearmed themselues Conny-catchers ; 
so amongst the test, bestow the reading ouer of this booke, wherin 
thou shalt find the ground-worke of Conny-catching, with the manner 
of their canting speech, how they call ail things in their language, 
the horrible coossening of ail these loose vadots, and the names of 

them in their seuemil degrees, 
First, The Visiter. 12. A Domnwrar. 
2. The Shifter. 13. A Droken Tinkar. 
3. The Ruffiar. 14. A ,gwadder, or Pedler. 
4. Te Rogue. 15. A larkemau  P«tr/co. 
5. The wild Rogue. 16. A demander for glimmar. 
6. A prigger of Prauncers. 17. The baudy Basket. 
7. A Pallyard. 18. An Autem Iort. 
8. A Frater. 19. A walking Mort. 
9. An Abraham man. 20. A Doxe. 
10. A .freshwater Marrlner, or 21. A DeH. 
WhiFiacke. 22. KincMn Mort. 

11. A counterfait Cr.nke. 23. A Kinchin 
Ail these lalaying their coossenings in their kinde are here set 
downe, which neuer yet were disclosed in anie booke of Conny- 
catchin. 



]0) BItIFTR AT |11. TH |ITER. 
t.ck] A new kind of ehifting sleight, practised at this day by 
some of this Gony-catchin(j crue, in Innes or vltualling 
hoses, but especially in Faites or Markets, 
which came to my bande ince the im- 
printing oî the test. 
Waereas of lte diuers coossening deuiees and deuilieh deceitea 
haue beene discouered, wherby great inconueniences haue beene 
eschewed, which otherwise might haue beene the vtter ouerthrowe of 
diuers honeet men of ai1 degrees, I thought this, amongst the test, 
hot the leat worthie of noting, especiaily of those that trade to 
Faites and lIarkets, that therby being warued, they may likewise be 
armed, oth to cee the deceit, and ehun the daunger. These ehifters 
wiil corne vnto an Inne or vittailing house, that is most vsed in the 
towne, and walke vp and downe ; and if there corne any gentleman 
or other, to lay vp either cloke, sword, or any other thing woorth the 
hauing, then one of this crue taketh the marks of the thing, or at 
10.ast the token thc partie giueth them: anone, after he is gone, he 
likewise goeth forth, and with a great countenance commeth in againe 
fo the mayde or seruant, calling for what another left : if they doubt 
to deliuer it, then hee fret, and ca]les them at his pleasure, and tels 
them the markes and tokens : hauing thus done, hee blames their for- 
getfulne$, and giues thcm a couple of pente to buy them pinnes, 
bidding them fetch it straight, and ]now him better the next rime, 
whercwith they are pleasd, and he possest of his pray. Thus one 
gotte a bagge of Cheese the last Sturbridge Faire ; for in such places 
(as a reclaimd fcllow of that crue confessed) they make an ordinary 
practise if the saine. 
[Te Peler° Frewl follows, taken word for word from Harman's 
book, p. 82-7 above.] 
[leaf ] THE VISITER. 
An honest youth, hot many yeares since, seruant in this City, had 
leaue of his toaster at whitsontide to see his friends, who dwelt some 
fifty mlles from London. It hapned at a Country wake, his mother 
"nd hee came acquainted with a precise schoiler, that, vnder colour 
of strickt lire, hath bin rcputed for that hce is hot: hee is well 



Trie GROUNDWORKE OF CONII¥-CATCHING. 10l 
kn,Jwen in Paules Churchyard, and bath beene lately a visiting in 
Fssex ; for se he presumes te tearme his cosening walks : and there- 
fore wee will call him here a Visiter. This honest seeming man 
must needes (sith his iourney lay te London) stay af the yong mana 
mothers all the holy daie : where as on his desert he was kindly 
vsed ; at lenh, the young man, hauing receiued his mother's bless- 
ing, with other his friendes giftes, amounting te seine ten poundes, 
was te this hypocrite as te a faithful guide committed, and toward 
London they ride : by the way this Visiter discourses how excellent 
insight he had in Magick, te recouer by Axt anything lest or stolne. 
Vell, te sant Albons they reach ; there they SUl together, and, after 
the carowsing of seine quarts of wine» they go te bed, where they 
kindly sleepe,--the Visiter slily, but the young man soundly. Short 
tale te make---out of his bed-fellow's sleeue this Visiter conuaid his 
twenty Angels, besides seine other od siluer, hid it closely, and se 
fell te his test. ]Iorning comes--vp gets this couple--immediately 
the money was mist, much adoo was ruade ; the Chamberlaine vith 
sundry otler seruants examined ; and se hot the contention, that the 
good man, for the discharge of his house was sending for a Constable 
te haue them both ftrst searcht, his seruants Chests afer. In the 
meane rime the Visiter cals the yong man aside, and bids tdm neuer 
grieue, but take herse ; and he warrants him, ere they be three mlles 
ont of towne, te helpe him te his money by Art, saying :--" In these 
Innes ye soe how we shall be out-faced, and, beeing vnknowne, how 
euer we ho wrongd, get little remedy." The yong man, in good 
hope, desired him te pay the reckoning, which donc, together they 
ride. Being seine two mlles frein the towne, they ride out of the 
ordinary way : there he tels this youth how vnwill hee was te 
enter into the action, but that it was lest in his comlany , and se 
forth. Well, a Circle was ruade, wondrous words were vsed, many 
muttrings ruade : af length hee cries out,--" vnder a reene turfe, by 
the East side of an Oake ; goe thither, goe thither." This thrice he 
cryed se ragingly, as the yuong man gest him mad, and was with 
feare almost beside himself. At length, pausing, quoth this Visiter, 
"heard ye nothing cry ? Cry !" said lhe yong man, "yes ; 
«r-,, a] you cride se as, for twise ten potmd, I vould net heare ye 



102 

A 8HIFTER DESCRIBED. 

again." « Then," quoth he, " 'ris ail well, if ye remember the 
words." The yong man repeated them. With that this shifter said, 
"Go to the furthest Oke in the high-way towards S. Albons, and 
vnder a greene turfe, on the hither side, lyes your mony, and a note 
of his naine that stole it. Hence I cannot stirre tiil you returne ; 
neyther may either of out horses be vntide for that time : runne yee 
must hot, but keepe an ordinary pace." Away gces the yong man 
gingerly ; and, being out of æight, this copesmate takes his cloke-bag, 
wherein was a faire sute of apparel, and, setting spurres to lais horse, 
was, tre the Nouice returned, ridde cleane out of his view. The 
yong man, seeing himselfe so coossened, ruade patience his best 
remedie, tooke'his horse, and came to London, where yet it was neuer 
his lucke to meet this visiter. 

A SHIFTER. 

A Shifter, hot long since, going ordinarily booted, got leaue of a 
Carrier to ride on his owne hackney a little way from London, who, 
eomming to the Inne where the Carier that night hould lodge, 
honestly set vp the horse, and entred tlle hal, where were at one 
table some threo and thirty elothiers, ail returning to their seuerall 
countries. Vsing, as he could, his curtcsie, and being Gcntleman- 
like attirde, he was at ail their instance placed at the vpper end by 
the hostesse. After hee had a wh[le eaten, he fel to discourse wifl 
such pleasance, that ail the table were greatly delighted thercwith. 
In t|le midst of supper enters a noise of musitions, who with tiroir 
instruments addcd a double dclight. For them hee requested his 
hostesse to laye a shoulder of mutton and a couple of capons to the 
tire, for which he would pay, and bhen mooued in their behalfe to 
gather. Among them a noble was ruade, which he fingring, was well 
blest ; for before he had hot a crosse, yet he promist to make it vp 
an angel. To be short, in cornes the reckoning, which (by reason of 
the fine fare and excesse of wine) amounted to each mans halfe crown. 
Then hee requested lais hostezse to prouide so many possets of sacke, 
as would fumish the table, which he would bestow on the Gentlemen 
to requite theix extraordinary eosts : and iestingly askt if she would 



THE GROUNDWORKE OF COINY--CATCHING. 

103 

mke him ber deputie fo gther the reckouiug ; she grauuted, and 
did so: and on a sodaine, (faining to hasten his hostesc with 
possets) he tooke 
doores, haning the guestes and their hostesse to • new reckoning, 
ad the mu.itians to a good supper, but they paid for the suce. 
This iest some vntruly attribute to a man of excellent prts bout 
Loudon, but he is slndercd : the party that performed it bath scarce 
any good qualitie to liue. Of these sort I could set downe  gret 
number, but I lcaue you now vnto those which by Mister Harmn 
are discoucred. 

[Then follows Harman's book, commencing with a luffelar, p. 
29. The woodcut of lgicolas Blunt and icolas Geninges (p. 50, 
above) is given, and another one representing the Cranke after he 
was stripped and washed. The volume ends with the chapter 
"Their vsage in the night," p. 76-8 above,--the woodcuts and verses 
at the end of Harman's book being omitted in the present Ground- 
worke of Conny-catching. The last words in the latter are, "And 
tlfis must t.he poore Fariner surfer, or eh they threaten fo bu_me him, 
and all that he hath."] 

NOTES. 

p. vil ix, p. 19, 20. Elizabeth, Countess of hrewsbury, mul ber parish. 
The manor of Erith was granted to Elizabeth, Countess of Shrewsbury, 
by Henry VIII. in the 36th year ofhis reign, ^.D. 1544-5. The Countess 
died in 1567, and was buried in the parish church of Erith. "The 
manor of Eyth becoming part of the royal revenue, continued in the 
crown till K. Henry VIII. in his 36th year, granted it in fee to Elizabeth, 
relict of George, Earl of Shrewsbury, by the description of the manor, 
of Er9th  alias Lysnes, with ail its members and appurts., and also ail 
that wood, called Somersden, lying in Eryth, containing 30 actes ; and a 
wood, called Ludwood. there, containing 50 actes ; and a wood, called 
Fridayes-hole, by estimation, 20 acres, to hold of the King in cap/t by 
knight's service.  She was the second wife of George, Earl of Shrews- 

Rot. Esch. ejus an, pt. 6. 



OTK8 TO HABMA, ET(. 

InT, Knight of the Garter, I who died July 26, anno 33 K. Henry VlIl., s 
by whom she had issue nue son, John, who died young ; sud Aune, 
married to Peter Compton, son and beir of Sir Wm. Compton, Knt., whn 
died in the 35th year of K. Henry VIII., under age, as will be mentioned 
heresfler. Elizabeth, Countess of Shrewsbury, in Easter Terme in the 
4th yesr of Q. Elizabeth, levied s fine of this manor, with the passage 
over the Thames ; sud dying in the tenth yesr of tbat reign, snno 1567, » 
lies buried under a sunptuous tomb, in this churcb. ]efore ber desth 
this manor, &c., seem to bave been sett]ed on ber only daughter Arme, 
then wife of Wm. Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, and widow nf Pete[ 
Compton, as before related, who was in possession of it, with thepassage 
over the Thames I anno 9 Q. Elizabeth."---Hasted's History of Kent» vol. 
i. p. 196. 
p. ix, In Lambarde'e Perambulation of Kent (ed|t. 1826), p. 66, he 
mentions" Thomas Harman  as being nue of the " Kentish writers." 
Lambarde, in the saine volume, p. 60, also mentions « Abacuk Har- 
man ' as being the naine of nue ,« of anche of the nobilitie and gentrie, 
as the Hera]ds recorded in their visitation in 
There le nothing about Harman in Mr Saudye's book on Gave]kind, 
&c., Consuetudines Cntioe. To future inquirers perhaps the following 
book may be of use : 
« Bibliotheca Cntiara : A iibliographical Account o£ what has been 
published on the History, Topography, Antiquities, Custome, and Family 
History of the County of Kent." ly John Busse]] Smith. 
p. 1, 12. Te .z.rv. Ordzrs o.fKnaues.--.Mr Collier gives an entry in 
the Stationers' Registers in 1585-6 : " Edward White. Bd. of him, for 
printinge xxij u ba]lsdes at iiij d a peece--vij « iiij d, and xiiij, more st 
ij  a peece ij ° iiij a ............ ix  viii a"And No. 23 is « The 
xxv ¢ orders of knaves.»--tat, tie 9. ii. 207. 
p. 22. The last 1)ule of B,c/['inglam was beeaded.Edward Stafford, 
third Duke of Buckingham, nue of Henry VIII's and Wolsey's victime, 
was beheaded on Tower Hill, May 17, 15I, for 'imagining' the king'e 
death. C The mnrnynge of Edward Dnke of Buckyngham' was nue of 
certain ' ballettee' licensed to br John Wal]ye and b|rs Toye in 1557-8, 
eaye Mr J. P. Collier, Eta¢. Reg. i. 4.) His father (Henry Stafford) be- 
lote him suffered the saine rate in 1483, having been betrayed by his 
servant Bannister aflcr his unsuccessful rising in Brecon.Percy Folio 
lallads, il. 253. 

s This lady was nue of the daughters and co-aeirs of Sir Bichard Walden, 
c[ thi« pari«h, Knt., and the Lady Margaet hie wife, who bcth lie buried in 
this church [of Erith]. He wa, as I take it, ruade Knight of the Bath in the 
17th year of K. Henry VIL, his estate being then certified to be 40/. per 
annum, being the son of Bichard Wa|den, e/. Sir Biclaard and Elizabeth hic 
wife both lie buried here. Mqe. D«r/rt 9. 
 Dugd. Bar. vol. i. p. 332. 
' Harman's dodication of bis book to her ws no doubt written in 166. 
and lais 2nd editio,, in both states pulished efore the Countess's death. 



105 

p. 23. Egip/am. The Statute 22 Hen. VIII. c. 10 is An Act con- 
«eyny Egypa. Afler enumerating the nuds COmlnitted by the 
« outhndyhe people llyn themlfes Eptinns," the first section 
provid thnt they shnll be punished by Imprinment nnd loes of goods. 
nnd be deprived of the bencfit of 8 Heu. VI. c. 29. " de medietnte 
linoe." The «econd nection is n proclamation for the depnure from 
the nlm of nll such Eptinns. The third provides thnt stolen good 
all be restooed  their owners ; and the ouh, that one moiety of the 
goods seized from the Egyptinns shnll be given  the seizer. 
p. 48 I. 5. T L rs n ; a wen  w u. Chdes 
Stouon, 7th Baron, 15481557 :" Which Clmrles, with the help of 
four of his own rvan in his own bouse, committed n shamefl 
toucher upon one Hnrgiil, nnd his son, with whom he hnd bcen long nt 
vnfiance, and buried their Cnrcaes 50 foot deep iu the en,h, thinking 
thereby  prevent the diovery ; but it coming afterwnrds  light, he 
hnd sennce of death passed upon him, which he suffer'd nt Salisb, 
the 6th of Match, Anno 1557, 4 Phil. & Mary, by an Halter of Silk, in 
oespoet of his quality.'T Forage of Engla, vol. ii. p. 24 (Lond., 
70). 
p. 77. aint Quinn's. Saint Quinten w invoked against coughs 
says Brand ed. Ellis, 1841 i. 196. 
p. 77. TIg Tree anes i e Vint. « Then the Three Cranes' 
fane, so called, hot only of a sign of r« cras ai a vern door, but 
rather of three strong canes of tituber placed on the Vintry whaff by 
the Thames side, to crane up wines there,  is afore showed. This 
lane w of old rime, to wit, the 9th of Richard II., called The Paind 
Tavern lane of the tavern being paind.'Stow's u of 
ed. by Thoms, p. 90. 
« The Three Cranes was formedy a avourite London sign. With 
the usual jocularity of our forefathers, an oppounity for pulmig could 
hot be pa ; so, instead of the thoee cranes, which in the viot used 
 li the barrels of wine, three birds were reprented. The Three Cranes 
in Thalnes Street, or in the vicinity, was a famous tavern as early as the 
rei of James I. If w one of the verns frequented by the wi in 
Ben Json's time. In one of his plays he says :-- 
' A pox o' these prenders [ to wit, your Tr Cra, Mitre and er- 
maid men I hot a corn of true salt, hot a grain of right mustard among 
them all l Barto Fait, act i. sc. l. 
"On the 23 of Janua, 166} Pepys suffeed a strong modification 
of the flh in having to dine at this vern with some poor relations. 
e sufferings of the snobbish secreta mu bave been intense : 
'By invitation  my uncle Fermer's, and where I found his new 
wife, a toEul, o, ly, il woman in a hatt, a mid-wife. Here 
were many of his, and  many of ber, relations, s, mean ; and 
after choosing our glov«s we all went over to the Thrcc Cranes Ta'ce ; 



106 

IOTE8 Te HAR.MA_N» ETOE. 

and though thc best room of the bouse, in such a narrow dogghole we 
were erammed, and I helieve we were near 40, that it ruade me loath my 
eompany and victuals, and a very poor dinner it was too.' 
"Oppositc this tavern people generally left their boats te ehoot the 
bridge, walking round te Billingsgate, whero they would reenter them." 
--Hotten's/[/story of,tnboards, p. 204. 
p. 77. aynt Iulyans in Tlystellwortt parier. 'Thistleworth, sec 
Isleworth,' says Walker's Gazetteer, ed. 1801. That there might we!! 
bave been a St Julyan's Inn there we learn frein the followlng extract : 
" St. Julian, the patron of travellers, wandering mlnstrels, boatmeu, ! 
&c., was a vcry common inn aigu, because he was supposed te provide 
good lodgings for such persons. Hence two St Jnlian's crosses, in 
saltier, are in chier of the inuholders' arme, and the old motte waa :-- 
 When I was harbourless, ye lodged me.' This benevolent attention te 
travel|ers procured hîm the eplthet of «the good herbcrgeor,' and in 
France' bon Iterbet.' Fils legend in a llS., Bodleian, 159t3, fol. 4, alludcs 
te this :-- 
' Thprfore yet te this day, thei that over lond wende, 
They biddeth Seint Julian, arien, that gode herborw he hem eade; 
And Seint Julianes Pater Noster ofte seggeth aise 
For his tders seule, and lais moderes, that he hem bring therto.' 
And in ' Le dit des Heureux," an o|d French fabliau : 
' Tu as dit la patenotre 
Saint Julian à cest matin, 
Soit en Roumans, soit en Latin ; 
Or tu seras bien ostilé." 
In medioeval Frcnch, L'Itotd aint Julien was synonymous with good 
cheer. 
« Sommes fuit vostre. 
Par Saint Pierre le bon Apostre, 
L'ostel aurez Saint Julien,' 
says llabilc te ber feigned uncle in the fabliau of ' loivln de Provlns;  
and a similar idea appears in ' Cocke Lorell's bote,' where the crew, afte 
the entertainment with the ' relygyous women' from the Stews' Dank, 
at Colman's IIatch, 
' 131essyd theyr shyppe when they had doue, 
And dranke about a ,Saint July/an's tonne." 
Hotten's Hitory of 8ignboard," p. 283. 
"Isleworth in Queen Elizabeth's time was commonly in conversation, 
 Of pilgrims, and of whoremonger, say Brand and Sir H. Ellis (referring 
te the Hit. des Troubadours, rem. i. p. 11,) in rand's Antieuities, ed. 1841, 
i. 202. Chaucer makes him the patron of hospitality, saying o the Frank. 
eleyn, in the Prologue te the 'anterbury Tales, "Seynt Iulian he was in his 
contre." Ir Hazlitt, in hi new edition of Brand, i. 303, notes that as early 
as the Ancren lirrle, ab. 1220 A.P., we bave ' Surely they (the pilgrims) find 
St. Ju]ian's inn. which wayiariig men diligently oeek.' 



NOTES TO HARIAN» ETC. 

107 

and sonetimes in records, called Thistleworth."--Lysons' Environs of 
London, vol. iii. p. 79. 
p. 77. Rothcred: ? Rotherhithe. 
p. 77. Tire Kyn9es Barne, betwene Detforde and Rothered, can hardly 
be the great hall of Eltham palace. Lysons (Env/tons of London, iv. p. 
399) in 1796, says the hall was then used as a barn ; and in vol. ri. of 
the 4rchologia , p. 367, it is called « King John's Barn." 
p. 77. KetbroIce. Kidbrooke is marked in large letters on the east 
of Blackheath on the mordern Ordnance-map ; and on the road from 
Blackheath to Eltham are the villages or hamlets of Upper Kidbrooke 
and Lower Kidbrooke. 
" Kcdbrooie lies adjoining to Charlton, on the south side of tlse 
London Road, a snall distance from Blackheath. It was antiently 
written Cicebroc, and was once a parish of itself, though now (1778 ^D.) 
it is esteemed as an appendage to that of Charlton."----Hasted's History 
of/nt, vol. i. p. 40. 
p. 100. ,Strbridge Fait. Stonrbridge, or Sturbich, the naine of a 
common field, extending between Chesterton and Cambridge, near the 
little brook Sture, for about half a toile square, is noted for its fair, which 
is kept annually on September 19th, and continues a fortzzi51zt. It is 
surpassed by few fairs in Great lritain or even in Europe, for traflïc, 
though of late it is much lcssencd. The booths are placcd izz rows like 
treets by the naine[si of which they are ca]led, as C[,cspside, &c., and 
are fillcd with ail sorte of trades. The Duddcry, an area of 80 or 100 
yards square, resemblcs Blackwell Hall. Large commissions are ne- 
gotiated here for ail parts of England in cheese, woolen goods, wool, 
Icather, hops, upholsterers' and ironmongers' ware, &c. &c. Sometimes 
50 hackney coaches from London, ply morning and night, to and from 
Cambridge, as well as ail the towns round, and the very barns and 
stables are turned into inns for the accommodation of the poorer people. 
After the wholesale business in over, the country gentry generally flock 
in, laying out their moncy in stage-plays, taverne, mzsic-bouses, toys, 
puppet-shows, &c., and the whole concludes with a day for the sale of 
horses. This fait is nnder the jurisdiction of the Univereity of Cam- 
bridge.--t|'alkcr's Gazctteer, ed. 1801. ,Ses Index tv Brand's Antiquitiea. 



I08 

INDEX 

Abraham men, those who feign 
madness, 3 ; ont of them, named 
5tradlynge,'the craftiest and moste 
dyssemblyngest knaue,' 47 
Altham, a curtall's wffe, 4 
Arsenick, to make sores vdth, 44 
associate, accompany, 53 
Autem, a church, 67, 83 
---- Mortes, description of, 67 ; 
as chaste as Itarman's ' Cowe," 67 
Awdcley, Iohn, aprinter, 1 
Awdeley's Vacabonde$ ; Itar- 
man's references fo, 20, 60 
Axiltrye, caating of the, 46 

baken, bacon, 3 
baudy banquet, whoring, 63 
bauer,  ban,l, 52 
Bawd Phisicke, a eook, 14 
Bawdy bxskoto, description of, 65 ; 
a story of one who, with an upright 
man, spoiled a poor beggar of his 
money, 66 
beggar by inheritance, 42 
belly chere, food, 32 
belly chete, an apron, 83 
benat, botter, 86 
bene, good, 83 
beno bowse, good drink, 59 
beehip, very well, 86 

benshyp, very good, 83, 86 
beray, dung, 13 ; dirty, 52 
betcled,  (betcllcd la deceived), 67 
Bethlem Hospital, 52, 53 
Blackheath, 77 
bletingo chete, a calf or aheep, 83 
Blunt, lgicolas, an upright man» 
50, 87 
bong, purse, 84, 86 
booget, a bag, 59 
bord, a shilling, 83 
, hall a, sixpence, 83 
borsholdera. 21, n., superior con- 
stables. See Idal|iwdl's Glo,ar. 
bottell, bund]e, truss, 72 
Bottomelye, Bosse, a harlot, 75 
bousing ken, an ale-house, 83 
bowh, drink bords of liquor, 32 
bowse, drink, 32, 83 ; v. to drink» 
84 
braste, burst, 73 
Bridewell, 57, 87 
broused, bruised, 29 
bryberinge, stealing, 60 
Buckes, baskets, 21 
Buckingham, I)uke of, beheaded, 
bufe, a dog, 84 
bung, a purse, 83, 84, 86 



INDEX. 

109 

buskill, lbustle, wriggle, 15 
bychery, 67 
bycherye, whoring, 61 
byd, pray, 15 
byng a waste, go you hence, 84 

.akling chete, a cock, or capon, 83 
can skyl, know, 8 
cante, to speak, 84 
Canting, the language of vaga- 
bonds, 23; list of words, 82-4; 
spedmen of, 84-6 
Capcases, covers for caps, small 
bandboxes, 65 
Capon hardy, 12. For ' capron 
hardy,' ' a notable whipster or twig- 
ger,' a bold or saucyyoung scamp. 
(See the Index to Caxton's Book 
of Curtesye, E. E. T. Soc., p. 54.) 
cassan, cheese, 83 
castor, a cloak, 82 
casting of the sledge, 46 
Caueat, a waming, 17 
Chafe ]ltter, the knave, described, 
13 
chafer, heating dish, 59 
Charing Cross, 58 
chattes, the gallows, 84, 86 
Chayne, a gentleman, 58 
Cheapside, 57. 87 
Cheatours, card-sharpers enticing 
young men to their bosteries, win 
their money and depart, 7 
cheeke by cheeke &ow 'byjowl'), 
chete, animal, 83, col. 2, foot 
chetes, things, 42 
Choplogyke, description of, 15 
Christ, ]lke a thief, 94, 95 
Christes Hospital, 8 
Clapperdogens, 44. See Palliads. 
Clement's Inn, 53 

clocke, a cloak, 55 
clyme three tres with a ladder, 
to acend the gallows, 31 
c]y the gerke, to be whipped, 84 
Cole, false, 15. (See ]Vlr R. 
Morr in Note and (uerie, Oct., 
1869, on Colfox, &c. 
Co]e Prophet, description of, 15 
commission, a shirt, 83 
Commitour of Tidings, a te]l-ta]e, 
14 
common, commune, 45 
conneys, rabbits, 35 
conneyskins, rabbitskins, 65 
connizance, co¢mizance» 35 
Cornwall, 48 
Cory fauell, a knave, deacribed, 
16 
couch a hogshead, ]le down and 
sleep, 77,  
Countoffet Crankes, description 
of, 51 ; story of one that Harman 
watchcd, 51 ; how he was dressed, 
51 ; his refusal to wash when hid- 
den, 52; gives the name of Genings, 
52 ; said he had been in Bethlehem 
Hospital, 52, which Harman found 
to be a lie, 53 ; in the middle of 
the day he goes into the fields and 
renews the blood on his face, 53 ; 
what money he received, 53; at 
night he goes to Newington, where 
he is given in charge, 54; the 
amount of his gains, 55; his 
escape, 55; his recapture, 56, a. ; 
his punishment, 57, . 
Cousoners, cheaters, 1 
Crashing chetes, teeth, 82 
crassinge chetos, apples, pears, or 
any other fruit, 84 
Cross Keys Inn in Cranford 
(Middlesex) or Crayford (Kent), 
77 
cuffen, fellow, 86. ee uyer. 
Cursetors, 17 ; explanation of, 



110 l,vzx. 

Curtal, 37 
Curtall, one who is next in 
authority to an upright man, 4 
Curtesy man, described, 6 
cutte, fo say, 84 
cutte bene whydds, speak or give 
good words, 8 
cutte benh, speak gently, 84 
cutte quyro whyddes, give evil 
words or evil language, 84 

darkemans, night, 84 
Dartford, 58 
David, a tbief, 94, 95 
ded lyft, a ; last refuge, 34 
Delh, rogues' virgins, described, 
Demaunder for glymmar, descrip- 
tion of, 61 ; story of one who be- 
haved courteously to one man aud 
uncourteously to another, 61--65 
Deptford, 77 
Desmond, Earl of, 82 
Devirs Pater noster, 15 
)evonshire, 48 
dewse a vyle, the country, 84, 86 
YOialogue, between upright man 
aud rogue, 84--87 
dokte, fornicated with, 87 
Dommerar, description of, 57 ; of 
one who was madc to spek, and 
afterwards punished on the pillory, 
58, 59 
doson, dozen, 34 
Doxes, description of, 4, 6, 73 
Draw-the-pudding-out-of-the-fire ; 
a beggars' inn at lAarrow-on-tbe- 
IIill, 77 
drawers, hosen, 83 
I)rawlatches, a elass of beggars, 27 
I)ronken Tinckar, description of 
9 
drouselye, drowsfly, 76 

dudes, cloths, 83 
dup the gyger, open the door, 84 
Dyng-thriît, description of, 15 

E#ptiaas, description of, 23 
Esau, a thioE 94, 95 
Esaye, Isai, 24 
Esen I)roppers, eaves-tlroppers, 15 
exonemte, empty (one's bel]y}, 55 

factors, tax-gatherers, 45 
fambles, hands, 82 ; famble, 87 
fambling chete, ring on the hand, 
Faytores, a class of beggars, 27 
ferres, 35, ferries 
Ffltchman, the truncheon of a 
staff, t 
Fingerers, 7--9. See Cheatours. 
for knowing ; against, to prevent, 
beig recognized, 71 
flagg, a oat, 83, 85 
flebytinge, 73 
fletinge Fellowshyp, the company 
of vagabonds, 2 
Frater, one who goes with alicence 
to beg for some Spittlehouse or 
tIospital, but who usually robs 
poor women, 4 ; description of, 45 
Freshwater Mariner, description 
of, 48 
Furmenty, 22 
fustian fume, 46 
fylche, to beat, to rob, 84 
fylthy firy flankard, 29 
fynesed, finished, 70 
Fyngerer, 8, 9 

gage, a quart pot, 83 
 of bowse, aquart of drink, 34 
gal]y slopes, breeches, 35 
gan, a mouth, 82 



INDEx. 

III 

gealy gealowsit, good fellowship, 
gentry cofes ken, a noble or gentle- 
man's bouse, 83 
gentry morte, a noble or gentle- 
woman, 84 
Genynges, Nicolas, a counterfeit 
cranke, 50. 87 
gestes, guests, 61 
Ghsyers, eyes, 82 
glimmeringe morte, a woman who 
travels the country begging, saying 
ber goods bave bcen burnt, 61 
glymmar, tire, 61, 83 
grannam, corn, 83 
Grauesend barge, a resort of vaga- 
bonds and knaves, 1 
graunt, agrée, 53 
greffe, grief, 55 
Grene Winchard, description of a, 
Groundworke of Conny-catclinç, 
97 
gmnting chete, or patricos kynch- 
en. a pig. 83 
Gryflîth, Vylliam. a printer, 17 
Gybe, a licence, 4 ; a writing, 83 
gygger, a door, 83, 85 
Gyle Hather, description of, 14 
gyllot, a whore, 71 
Haben, a witty parson, 92 
bande charcher, handkerchief, 72 
ttarman beek, constable, 84 
Itarman, Thomas, his Caveat, 
17-91 ; epistle to the reader, 27 ; 
his old tenant, 30; his copper cauld- 
ron stolen, 35 ; recovered, 35 ; no- 
tice to tinkers of the loss of his 
cauldron, 35; his elding stolen, 
44; in commission othe peace, 60 ; 
paid for beggars' secrets, 74 
Harmans, the stocks, 84 
H-qTOW-On-the-Hill, inn at, 77 

Harhey Row in IIampshire, 92, 
93 
Hearing chetes, ears, 82 
heauing of the bowth, robbing 
the bootb. 4 
Helpers of rogues, 9 
Hclycon, 28 
heue a bough, rob a booth, 84 
Hill's, Mr, Rents, 57 
him redundant: leapes him, 43, 
l. 24 
Hoker, or Angglear, description 
of, 35; anecdote of one who tooi, 
the clothes of the bed in which i 
men were sleeping, without awak- 
ing them, 36 
Holborn, 5 
hollowe hosteler, 63 
horse locke, 39 
hosen, breeches, 71, 7.2 ° 
hosted, lodged, 57, . 
hosteries, card-sharpcrs' resor% 9 
IIouse of Pity, inn in orthalJ. 
77 
hoyssed, hoisted, 20 
huggeringe, loitering, 43 
Hyberdyne, a parson, 93 
hygh, hie, 33 
hygh pad, highway, 84 

Jacob, a thief, 94, 95 
Iarckeman, a maker of counterfeit 
licences, 5, 60 
Iarckes, seals, 4 
Iarke, a seal, 83 
ich, I, 8 
Jeffrey Gods Fo, a liar, 13 
InoTatus, an ungrateful knave, 16 
in printe, meaning ' correct,' 45 
Iockam, yard, penis, 87 
rampe, jump, plump, exactly, 44 



[rishe toyle, a beggar, 5 
Irish rogues, 44, 48 
Isleworth (Thystellworth), St Ju- 
lian's, a beggar' inn at, 77 
Iusticers, Justices, 21 

Karle, s knave, 8 
ken, a house, 83, 84, 86 
Kent, a man of worship in, death 
of, 2'2 
Kent, mentioned, 37, 43, 48, 6], 
63, 66, 68, 77 
Kent St, Southwark, 57 
Ketbroke, a beggars' inn, near 
Blackheath, 77 
kinde, nature, 52 
Kitchen Co, a boy, 5, 76 
 ]Iorte, a girl, 5, 76 
Knapsbery (inn near London), 77 
Knaues, 25 orders of, 1 
, quartern of, 1 
Kynges barne, bcggars' inn in 
Kent, 77 

lage, water, 83 
lag of dudes, a bucke of clothes, 83 
lap, butter, milk, or whey, 83 
lasy Lorrels, 82 
lecherous husband cured, 68-73 
Leicester, 56 
lewed lecherous loyteringe, 31 
lewtering Luskes, 82 
licoryce knaue, a drunkard, 13 
lightmans, day, 84 
(Lincoln's Inn) Fields, 53 
London, 30, 42, 49 
lousey leuterars, vagabonds, 22 
lowhinge chete, a cow, 83 
lowre, money, 83, 85, 86 
Lubbares, lubbers, 47 

luckly, lucky, 19 
Ludgate, 57 
lybbege, s bed, 83 
lybbet, s stick, 26 
lykinge, lustful, 21 
Lynx eyes, 54. (See Index to 
Hampole' Priche of Gociece.) 
Lypken, a bouse to lie in, 83 
make,, halfpenny, 83 
make (think) it strange, 41 
makes, mates, 23 
mammerings, mumblings, 72 
manerly marian, 62 
margery prater, a hen, 83 
lariner, one st Portsmouth the 
maker of counterfeit licences for 
Freshwater mariners, 49 
matche of wrastlinge, 46 
maunde, ask or require, 84, 85 
ZIessenger, Ione, an honest bawdy 
basket, 65 
]Iflling of the ken, sending 
children into bouses to rob, 67 
mofling chete, a napkin, 83 
mounchcd, est, 72 
mounch-prosent, one who, being 
sent by his malter with a prcse' 
must taste of it himself, 14 
myll a ken, rob a house, 84 
mynt, gold, 83 
lab, a head, 82, 86 
labchet, a hat or cap, 82 
hase, drunken, 86 
Newhaven 67 
Newington, 54, 56 
Nichol Hartles, a coward, 13 
Northali, beggars' inn at, 77 
nosegent, a nun, 83 
nouels, news, 14 
Nuncluam, a loitering servaut, 16 



i»Ex. 1 ! 3 

nygle, haue to do with a w,,man 
carnally, 84 
nyp a boung, to eut a purse, 84 

Obloquium, a malapert knave, 13 
occupying, holding of land, 38 
of, off, 39 
oysters of East Kent, (;8 

Paillards, description of, 4, 44; 
doings of. 44; list of nmesof, 81, 8`2 
pannam, bread, 83 
Param, milk, 83, n. 
patrico, a priest, 6, ç0 
paulmistrie, fortune-teng, 23 
pke, meat, 86 
peddela Frenche. 8ce CRnting. 
k, meat, 83 
ld pate, hed uncoved, 3 
pelte, clothes, 76 
ltinge, l pMt, contemptible, 
0 
Peer, a pen-ce, 54 
, nce, 55 
pickthanke knaue, 14 
piliory  Cheapside, 57 
pihg of the bae, 46 
pity: it pytied him at the hart, 
41 
ppcla, ffidge, 83 
poe sale, lquick le, 77 
Pormouth, 49 
Poul, St Paul's, 8 
pt, a butcke, 82 
pmting kue, 15 
pg che, a ne, 82 
vcer, a horoe, 83 
Per of Paulfreys, a stealer of 
boxes, 4 
rocto', a Har, 14 ; ker of 
a sittlehousc, 45 

ItOVERB8 .* 
although Truth bc b!amed, it shall 
never be -hamed, 28 
as the begger knowes his dishe, 32 
don't va[îc tlc sleeping dog, 7:3 
God hath donc his part, 48 
out of sight, out of minde, 5 
swete meatc wyll haue sowrc sawce, 
pryggc, to ride, 84 
l'ryggcr of Prauncers, description 
of, 4'2 ; a storyof a entleman who 
lost his horse by giwng it in charge 
for a short timc to a ' priggar» 43 
Prygges, tinkers, 59 
l'rygman, ose -ho steals clothes 
off hedges, and a robber of poultry, 3 

qukinge chete, or red shkc, a 
drakc or duck, 83 
quaromes, a body, 82 
Queen Elizabeth, 21 
quier, nought, 83 
Quier crampringes, bolts or fettcrs, 
64. 86 
Quir bird, one ltely corne out of 
prison, 6 
quyez cuffyn, justice of th« peaco, 
84, 86 
Quyerkyn, prison bouse, 84, 86 

rabblement, 19 
rakehelles, 19 
Ratsbane, 44 
rechles, reckless, 15 
]'ifl]inge, 32 
Rince pytcher, a drunkard, 13 
Ring chopper, description of, 11 
 faller, description of, l0 
Robardesmen, robber, 27. See 
William of N assingtoa's description 
of them quoted in Notes  Q«erie# 
by F. . F.. 169 ; and Te Iïsios 
of Piers l'lowas, ex]. Wright, ii. 
506, 51. 

8 



114 INDOE 

Robin goodfelow, 36 
Rocheater, 66 
Rogeman, a receiver of solen 
c|othes,  
I:oger, or tyb of h buery, a 
goose, 
I:oges, description of, 30 ; sub.jee 
to heastly diseases, 37 ; list of 
names of, 80, 81 
Rogues, a story of two, who marie 
the acquaintance of a parson st an 
aie-bouse, and afterwards went to 
his bouse aad robbed him, il7 
Rome bouse, wine, 83 
Rome mort, the Queen, 84 
Rome vyle, London, 84 
Rothered in Kent, 77 
rowsey,  roug}a, or frowzy, 19 
Royal Exchange, 8 
roylynge, travelling, 31 
ru[l, rough, 33 
Rull'eler, a robber of 'wayfaring 
men and market women,' 3, 29; 
a story of one who robbed an old 
man, a tenant of Itarman's, on 
B{ackheatln, ;0 
ruffian cly the, devil take thee, 84 
rutfian, to the, 84:, to the devil 
ruffmans, woods or bushes, 84 
ruff pek, bacon, 83 
ruysting, roystering, 32 

Salomon, an altar, or mass, 83 
sawght, sought, 62 
8aynt Augustyn, 24 
scelorous, wicked, 20 
sewerly, surcly, 50 
hifters, I 
shotars hyl, Shooter's Hill, 30 
8hreeues, sheriffs, 21 
hrewd fume, sharp handling, 
hard usage, 15 

Shrewsbury, Elizabeth Countesa 
of, Harman's dedieation to, 19 
shrodge, shrugged, hugged, 71 
Simon soone agon, a loitering 
knave, 13 
skew, a cup, 83 
Skoller, a waterman (and his 
boat), 54 
skower the eramprings, wear boRs 
or fetters, 84 
skypper, a barn, 83 
slates, sheets to li in, 61, 76, 77, 
8g 
small breeïe, old briefe of vaea- 
honds, meaning Awdeley's hook, 20 
smell feastes, 46 
smelling chete, a nose, 82; a 
gardes or orehard, 84: 
snowte fayre, fair-faeed, 61 
sod, boiled, '2.2 
Somersetshire, 61 
soup, ehewed, fo produce foam- 
ing af he mouth, 51 
Spanlles, spanid-dogs, 33 
Spearwort, 44 
Spice-cakes, 12 
spithhouse, 45; row in a, 45; 
the coustahle wants to take in cus- 
tody the roysterers, 46 ; the good 
wife o[ the bouse intreats him for 
hcr guests, and while so doi»g the 
next door neighhours enter the kit- 
chen, and steal the supper that sl,e 
was preparing, 46 
squaymysh, squeamish, 55 
St. George's Fields, 54 
St. Giles's in the Fields, 54 
St. Julian' (inn in Thystellworth ; 
Isleworth), 77 
St. Quinten'a (inn near London), 
St. Tybbe's (inn near London)." 
77 
stall, to maka or ordain, 84 



stalling to the r%me, eeremony of, 
stïnpes, shoes, 83 
stïnpes, legs, 82 
Statutes, i. Edw. VL c. iii, p. 20, 
xxvii. Heu. VIII. for punishment 
of vagabonds, 29 
staulinge ken, a houle that will 
receivi sto|en wares, 32, 83 
stibber gibber knaue, a liar, 14 
stow you, hold your peace, 84 
Stradlynge, an Abraham man, 4 ï 
stroïnmell, straw, 83 
Sturton, Lord, 48 
suïnïner-gaïnes, 47 
surgeon, who strung up the dumb 
rogue, 58-9 
Swadders and Pedlers, descriptio 
of, 60 
Sw.gman, a pedlar, 5 

teïnpering, taïnpering, 70 
Teïnple Bar, 53 
°Thank God of ail,' 67 (cp. 
Shakspere's ' ,Thank God you are 
rid of a knave. Muc Jdo, iii. 3.) 
the, thee, 55 
Thieves, a sermon in praise of, 
9'2 
' Three trees,' the gallows, 31 
tickle in the car, gaïnïnon, 9 
Tinkard, a beggar, 5 
tiplinge[house], an aie:bouse, 40 
tittiuell knane, a tale-bearer, 15 
togeman, a coat, 77, 82 
tortylles, turtle-doves, loyers, 62 
towre, see, 84, 85 
trashe, goods, 77 
trininge, hanging, the end of 
toges, 37, 84 
Troll and troll by, a knavc, de- 
scribed, 12 

Troll Hazard of Trace, a knave, 12 
Troll Hazard of tritrace, a knave, 
13 
Troll with, a knave 12 
Truth, proverb as to, 28 
tryninge, hanng, 84 
twin'd hempe, ope and gallows, 
29 (cp. Bulleyn in e abees o0, 
p. 40-3) 
Two Gent. of Verona, 4.5 
Tynckars, Itarman sends notice 
of the stcalin of his cauldron to 
the, 35 
typ, secret, 20 
typlinge bouses, alehouses, 24 
Vacabonde--one being caught, 
and hrought belote the justices of 
the peace, promised to tell thcm 
the names and degrees of his fel- 
lows, ou cudition that he escaped 
unishment, wh|ch being granted, 
e fulfi|led his promise, and Awde- 
ley obtained the materials for his 
book, 2 
Vacabondes, beggerly, 1 ; ruflyng, 
1 ; ' the old hriefe' of, 60 
Va,abondes, their vsage in the 
night, 76 
Vagabonds, accourir of the doings 
of, at the funera| of a man of wor- 
ship in Kent, 2 
vagarantes, 19 
Vngracious, a ïnan who will hot 
work, 15 
Vnthrift, a reckless knave, 15 
vntrus, to undress, 72 
Vpright man, description of, 1, 4, 
Vpright ïnen, list of the naïnes of, 
78, 79, 8O 
Vrmond, Earle of, 82 
walkinge mortes, description of, 
67; a story of a trick lhat one 
playcd on a mau who would bave 



116 iNvzx. 

had to do with her, and the punish- 
ment he received instead, 67--73 
wannion, a ourse, 62 
wappinge, fornicating, 87 
SVashman, one who shams lame- 
ness, sickness, etc., 5 
waste, bynge s ; go hence, 84, 6 
watch, the constable, 45 
watche, person, 61  ottr watche, 
us, 86 
Velsh rogues, 44, ,57 
Whistle, anecdote of the, 61-,5 
Whipiacke, a robber of bootllS 
and staJls, 4 
Vhitcfriars, 51, ,56 
whydds, words, 84, 86 
whystell, whitle, 62 
wlDoEe money, sil,er, 42 

wilde toge, description of, Il ; 
storyof one robling a luan, of WhOllt 
he hadjust begged, 42 
wilde roge'a ressort for being a 
beggar, 42 
winoeess, out of breath, 73 " 
windshaken knaue, 66- 
woode, mad, 14 
Wostestowe, a servant of the 
Lord Keeper's, 58 
wyld Dell, description of, 75 
wyn, a penny, 83 

yannam, bread, 83, n. 
yaram, milk, 83 
yemcn, yeomcn, 22 
ynkell, tape, 65