"VIM WILL
¥ ET VIM do it.
A- garden your
you wonder if e
clean again. Tb
VIM — to remove
from the hand
scrubbing, leaving
Use VIM in the
by lightening tb
share of work.
Pots, Pans, Cutlery aim «-.iuv«.ciy.
Glassware and Earthenware, Windows,
Oilcloths and Linoleum, Floors,
Kitchen Tables, Woodwork. Brass,
Copper, Tin and all Metalware.
IN PACKETS AND
SPRINKLER-TOP CANISTERS
Of all Grocers, Stores.
Oilmen. Chandlers, etc.
LBVER BROTHERS LIMITED, PORT SUNLIGHT.
HORTICULTURISTS
who have used Sulphate of Ammonia will appreciate
the advantages to be"* obtained by rsing
METRO SULPHATE.
It is guaranteed to contain at least 2^\% of Ammonia,
It is dry. It i* acid-free. It neither cakes nor
• absorbs atmospheric moisture.
For prices and particulars apply to :
E. E. DEPARTMENT.
SOUTH METROPOLITAN GAS COMPANY,
709, Old Kent Road, London, S.E.15.
'Phone : New Cross 2000. T. A. Metrogas Peck, London.
VICKBBY KYKLE & CO., LTD..
4, GRBAT MARLBOROUGH STREET.
LONDON,
W.I
XT
THE
ROSE ENCYCLOPAEDIA.
TO DOUBLE
YOUR PROFITS
in Fruit, Bees, Poultry,
Rabbits, take Postal Course
in Herb Growing and
Collecting ; and utilise all
the wa&e produds of your
' ground ' or land—
For terms write to :
Mrs. GRIEVE, F.R.H.S.,
Practical Herb Expert,
The Whins Medicinal and
:: Commercial Plant Farm, ::
CHALFONT ST. PETER, BUCKS.
THE
ROSE ENCYCLOPEDIA
BY
T. GEOFFKEY W. HENSLOWj M.A., F.K.H.S.
FIRST EDITION
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS
AND
GARDEN PLANS.
VICKERY, KYRLE & CO., LIMITED,
4, GREAT MARLBOROUGH STREET,
LONDON, W.
1922.
ORGANIZING SECRETARY, ROYAL INTERNATIONAL
HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION, CHELSEA, 1912.
Editor " My Garden Illustrated 1914-15."
Author of "Ye Sundial Booke," "Early
Poems," and numerous other books of
verse ; '• History of Gallon Park " ;
Booklets — " Vegetable Growing for All"
etc.
THE VIOKKRY PRESS. LTD.
T87, WESTBOURNH OROVK,
LONDON, VT.11.
First Edition, 1922.
PREFACE.
A preface to an author is one of the most valued
sections of his book, howbeit one of the most difficult
to write.
Through it he makes every effort to disarm criti-
cism and to court the favour of the literary jury who
shall try his book. In its more or less circumscribed
space he thanks his friends for services rendered, and,
while giving others their due, he takes care that his
own reputation does not in any way suffer. The intro-
duction to the book is, as a rule, forestalled, and,
while apologising humbly for having imposed upon the
public the efforts of his pen, within a sentence he is
trying to prove its worth, and to show it as the natural
outcome of demand. In case the reader should think
the author to be a presumptious mortal, every effort is
made to explain why the book was written, and to
point out its value to one whom it is feared may over-
look the same.
Alas I I fear that I shall prove to be unconven-
tional, for, although I trust that my book will find
favour, yet I have no excuse to offer for its produc-
tion. That such a book is wanted I know to be the
case, but how far I have been successful in meeting
the requirements of the Rose-growing public I cannot
tell. I do not for a moment expect to escape adverse
criticism from the super-critical, and words of praise,
while welcome at all times, are not sought. My great
desire is TO be of service to the grower of the Queen
of Flowers, and to leave behind a work that will be
valued until the day comes when it shall be superseded
by another. The book must speak for itself, for the
author cannot go with it; if he could, he would have
to make excuses for too many sins of omission and
commission — omission because his book is not large
enough, and commission because, — yes, you are quite
right ! — admitted advertisements into the body of the
x PBEFACE.
book. Yes, good reader, I am guilty, and yet un-
abashed, for I deem it not only to be a sound policy
to omit many obsolete Roses, which are hard to pro-
cure from my lists, but also to include in the body
of the book advertisements. You cannot do without
the trader, and, as my book is for practical purposes,
I have given him his proper place. There has been
no advertisement admitted that does not concern horti-
culture, and only some of our most reliable firms have
been accepted.
Give the trader his place ! No flower show can
be successfully run without the support of the trade.
The National Rose Society or the Royal Horticultural
Society would cease to exist as live concerns if the
trade withheld its support, and had it not been for the
trade the humble efforts of my pen had never been
published. "Love me, love my dog!" Accept my
editorial and illustrations and approve my advertise-
ments; both may be of service to you, and, after all,
to the Rose-grower they are of interest.
You will doubtless notice that they all have been
kept to left-hand pages, so as not to vex the reader
who is so interested as to be impatient of interrupted
vision. What did you say, good reader? " A money-
making stunt!" Oh! no; you are quite wrong, for
the rates were all the same, and the same favours and
opportunities were offered to all our most reliable firms.
No. I feel the debt we owe to the horticultural trade,
and I prefer to reciprocate their kindly support in the
way I have done.
I am indebted to so many firms for their kindly
interest that it is not possible to mention all. It re-
minds one of Founders' Day Service at Great St.
Mary's, Cambridge, when is read, " Let us now praise
famous men," and later, " and some there be who have
no memorial."
I cannot mention all who have helped me in my
book, but I should be ungrateful if I did not thank
some, and those whose kindnesses have no memorial
must take the will for the deed, and accept my book
PEEFACE. xi
as a tribute to a trade of which they are most honoured
members.
I am very much indebted to that well-known and
highly-esteemed garden paper, "Gardening- Illus-
trated," for kind permission to republish certain matter
written in that paper by me on the Rose, and for any
kind information I have received from time to time. I
value very highly the great courtesy shown me by
" Gardening Illustrated " and their expressed wish to
help me in my work.
My thanks are also due to Messrs. Paul and Son
for the gift of Mr. William Paul's book, " The Rose
Garden," which was to me as it has been to many
growers — a great help. I must thank my old tutors
in the gentle art of exhibiting the Rose, The King's
Acre Nurseries for many kindnesses received by way
of information and sound advice; also Messrs. Alex.
Dickson and Son for their interest in my work, and for
sending me descriptive lists of their new Roses.
Messrs. B. R. Cant for a colour plate and photo-
graph, and for a carefully filled-in list of Roses.
Messrs. Burbage Nurseries, Ltd., for notes and
support ; and here let me mention that their catalogue
has been of real help to me in the compilation of this
book,
My old friends, Messrs. Skelton & Kirby, for
notes and particulars in connection with the laying out
of grounds.
Messrs. Chaplin Bros., Ltd., for particulars of his
new Roses, and also for being one of the first to cor-
dially support my book.
Messrs. Ketten Brothers for their catalogue ; a most
useful, reliable and valuable guide to varieties of Roses
old and new.
I have not the space to acknowledge all my friends,
but, as I have said, the book will speak for itself, and,
I trust, live to become another milestone in the litera-
ture upon a flower we as a nation hold so dear.
Army 'SD Navy
Co-operative Society Ltd.
Seed, Bulb and Implement Dept.
Vegetable and Flower Seeds.
Seed Potatoes,
Descriptive Illustrated Catalogue pub-
lished early in January.
Agricultural See< s &c.
Prices on application.
BULBS
and Miscellaneous Roots.
Descriptive Illustrated Catalogue
Published early in September.
\ Japanese Liliums a Speciality, i
Army Jc Navy
Special Collections
of Vegetable Seeds
& Flower Seeds.
llyacintlis, Tulipe,
Narcissi, Gladioli,
Begonias, <kc.
GARDEN TOOLS and REQUISITIES of
all kinds:—
List on Application.
Garden Rollers, Spades,
Lawn Mowers, Forks,
Rakes, Sh« vels, Manures,
Hoes, Shears, Insecticides,
Knives— Pruning Tarred Twines.
&• Budding,
GREENHOUSES
Const rvatories, Peach Houses, Vinerie*, Forcing Houses an
Wall Fruit Grower-, Garden Frames, various designs.
RUSTIC WORK
Arches, Summer Houses, Garden Shelters, &c.
WIREWORK
Rose Temples, Garden Arches, Flower Stands, Baskets, &c.
Illustrations on application.
SPRAYERS
and Spraying Machines. Garden Engines, Pumps, Water
Barrows, Garden Hose & Fittings.
GARDEN POTTERY
Vases, Pedestals, Flower Pots, Orchid Pans, Seed Pans, Sea
Kale Pots, Rhubarb Pots, &c.
BEE APPLIANCES
Hives, Frames, Foundation, Honey Extractors, Sections, &c.
Prices on application.
105, Victoria St., Westminster, s.w. i.
XIII
CONTENTS.
MEMOIRS OF THE AUTHOR ... ... XIX.
INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS ... ... XV.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ... ... ... ... XVII.
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTION ... ... ... ... ... 1
CHAPTER II.
HISTORY OF THE ROSE ... ... ... ... 5
CHAPTER III.
POETRY AND THE ROSE ... ... ... ... 9
CHAPTER IV.
SOILS AND THEIR PREPARATION ... ... ... 15
CHAPTER V.
MANURES ... ... ... ... ... 23
CHAPTER VI.
PLANTING ... ... ... ... ... 39
CHAPTER VII.
PRUNING ... ... ... ... ... ... 49
CHAPTER VIII.
STOCKS ... ... ... .. ... ... 63
CHAPTER IX.
PROPAGATION ... ... ... ... 71
CONTENTS (Continued}.
CHAPTER X,
PESTS AND SPRAYING ... ... ... ... 99
CHAPTER XL
EXHIBITING ... ... ... ... ... 109
CHAPTER XII.
ROSES FOR DECORATIONS ... 133
CHAPTER XIII.
ROSES UNDER GLASS ^&41 '
CHAPTER XIV.
VARIETIES AND HABITS ... ... ... ... 161
CHAPTER XV.
SELECTIONS ... ... ... ... ... 177
CHAPTER XVI.
GARDEN ORNAMENTATION ... ... ... ... 197
CHAPTER XVII,
THE ROSE GROWER'S CALENDAR ... ... ... 209
CHAPTER XVIII.
PLANS AND PLANTING SCHEMES ... ... ... 212
CHAPTER XIX.
A DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF ROSES IN COMMERCE 355
XXIII
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.
ABOL LTD., 148, Beltring Street, Paddock Wood, Kent 106
ANTHOS & Co., 1 Queen's Road, Bayswater, London 132
ARMSTRONG & BROWN, Orchid Specialists, Tunbridge
Wells, Kent ... ... ... ... ... xxvii
ARMY &• NAVY COOPERATIVE SOCIETY, LTD.,
105, Victoria Street, S.W. 1 xii
BARKER, F. & SON, Sundial House, 12, Clerkenwell
Road, London. ... ... ... ... 158
BATH, R. H., LTD., The Floral Farms, Wisbech ... 280
BATH, T. & Co., LTD., (Savoy Stores) Savoy St., Strand,
London, W.C. 2 146
BEES LTD., Liverpool ... ... ... ... 304
BENTLEY, JOSEPH LTD., Chemical Works Barrow-on-
Humber, Hull. ... ... ... ... 34
BOULTON & PAUL, LTD., Norwich. ... ... ... 144
BOUKNE, A. & Co., 73, Ludgate Hill, London, E.C.4. ... xxviii
BROOKE, JOSEPH & SONS, Halifax. ... ... ... 206
BURBAGE NURSERIES LTD., THE, Near Hinchley,
Leicestershire. ... ... ... ... 256
BURCH, GEORGE, The Rose Gardens, Peterborough 300
CANT, BENJAMIN & SONS, The Old Rose Gardens,
Colchester ... ... ... ... ... 236
CANT, FRANK & Co., The Braiswick Kose Garden,
Colchester. ... ... ... ... ... 244
CASTLE'S SHIPBREAKING Co., Baltic Wharf, 160,
Grosvenor Road, S.W. 6. ... ... ... 200
CARTER'S, Raynes Park, London, S W. ... ... 276
CHAPLIN BROS., Joynings Nursery, Waltham Cross 252
CLAY & SON, Stratford, London, E.15. ... ... 22
COOPER & NEPHEWS, LTD , Berkhamsted ... ... 102
CROWTHER, T. & Sons, 282, North End Road, Fulham,
London. ... ... ... ... ... 204
DARLINGTON, W & SONS, Hackney London, E.8. ... 156
DICKSON, ALEX. A SONS, LTD., Hawlmark,
Newtownards, Co. Down ... ... ... 232
DICKSON, HUGH LTD., Royal Nurseries. Belfast. ... 240
DONNELLY, L. J., 59, Oldhall Street, Liverpool. ... 38
EDWARDS, T. P., F.R.H.S., Reservoir Road, Southgale, 26
Middlesex.
ELKINGTON & Co., LTD., 22, Regent St., London, S.W. 108
ELLIOTT HRUNER Co., LTD., 19, Regent Street, S.W. 1. 52
ENGELMANN, C., Carnation Grower, Saffron Walden,
Essex 142
FERGUSON, WILLIAM, Rose Grower, 6, Chalmers Street,
Dunfermline, N.B. ... ... ... ... 264
GAZE, W. H. & SONS, LTD., 19-23, High St., Kingston-
on-Thames . ... ... ... 284
xvi INDEX TO ADVERTISEES Contd.
GOLDSMITHS &• SILVERSMITHS Co., LTD., THE,
112, Regent Street, London, W.I. ... ... 122
GRIEVE, MRS., F.R.H.S., Chalfont St. Peter, Bucks. ... vi
HAVEN ENGINEERING Co., Goudhurst, Kent ... ... 158
HAWKINS, H. E., 303, High Holborn, London ... 102
HOUSE, ISAAC & SON, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol ... xxii
JARDINE, C. N., F.R.H.S. 86, Lavender Hill, London,
S.W.ll 56
KING'S ACRE NURSERIES LTD., Hereford ... ... 308
KINNELL, CHARLES P. & Co., LTD., 65, 65a, Southwark
Street, London, S.W. ... ... ... ...82,106
LAKELAND NURSERIES, THE, Windermere ... ... 272
LEVER BROTHERS LTD., Port Sunlight ... ... ii
LILLEY GEORGE, Cippenham, Slough ... ... 138
MERRYWEATHER, H. & SONS, LTD., Southwell, Notts ... 260
MESSENGER & Co., LTD., Loughborough, Leicestershire 160
MOLASSTNE COMPANY LTD., THE Greenwich, S.E. 10 ... 56
MCGREDY & SON, SAMUEL. Royal Nurseries, Portsdown
Ireland ... ... ... ... ... 248
NEGRETTI & ZAMBRA, 38, Holborn Viaduct, London,
E.C.I ... ... ... ... ... 148
PAUL, WM., & SON, Paul's Royal Nurseries, Waltham
Cross, Herts. ... ... ... ... 292
PERRY, AMOS. Hardy Plant Farm, Enfield, Middlesex 10
PINCHES, JOHN, 3. Crown Buildings, Crown Street,
Camberwell, S.E ... ... ... ... 114
PREECE, E. J, 264, Caerleon Road Newport, Mon. ... 196
PRIOR, D. & SON, LTD., Rose Growers. Colchester ... 312
PUGH, CHARLES H. LTD.,Whitworth Works.Binningham 208
RICHARDS, G. H., 234, Borough, London, S.E. 1 ... 82
SEABROOK, W. & SONS, LTD., The Nurseries, Ch-lmsford 316
SKELTON & KIRBY, The Nurseries, Pirbright, Surrey ... 322
SOUTH METROPOLITAN GAS COMPANY, 709, Old Kent
Road. London, S.E. 15 ... ... ... iii
SPOONER, S. & SONS, The Nurseries. Hounslow, Middx. 296
THOMPSON, A. D.,11, Adam St., Adelphi, London, W.C.2 288
THOMPSON, F. M. & SONS, 14, Victoria St., Westminster,
S.W. 202
THOMSON, WILLIAM & SONS, LTD., Clovensfords,
Galashiels, N.B. ... ... ... ... 26
TWELVE HOURS STOVE SYNDICATE LTD., Vauxhall
Bridge Road, Westminster, S.W.I. ... ... 152
VICKERY, KYRLE & Co., LTD., 4, Great Marlborough
Street, London, W. 1 ... ... ... xxvii
VICKERY PRESS, LTD. THE, 187, Westbourne Grove,
London, W. 11 ... ... ... ... xxix
Voss, WALTER & Co., LTD., Millwall, E.14 ... ... 88
WALKER, Miss WINIFRED. F.R.H.S., 28, Rivercourt Rd.,
W.6 138
WALLACE. R. & Co., LTD., The Old Gardens,
Tunbridge Wells. .. ... ... 268
WHITELBGG G. G. & Co., The Nurseries, Orpington,
Kent ... 320
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
T. Geoffrey W. Henslow, M.A., F.R.H.S. ...
''Yvonne"... ... ... ... Facii
A Beautiful Rose Garden ...
Lady Sackville (H.T.)
Simplicity (H.T.) ...
Mrs. J. luglis (H.T.)
Miriam (H.T.)
Mrs. Henry Morse (Fernet)
British Queen (T.)
Mrs. Hornby Lewis (H.T.)
Independence Day (Fernet)
Phoebe (H.T.)
William Shean (H.T.)
Leslie Pidgeon (H.T.)
Lady Godiva (wich)
Sovereign (Fernet)
Princess Victoria (H.T.) ...
Sybil (H.T.)
Prince of Wales
Milky Way
Polyantha Rose " Dorothy Howarth."
Los Angeles (H.T.)
Banksia lutea (Banksian)
J. Q. Glassford (H.T.)
Edith Cavell (H.T.)
Scarlet Climber (H. wich)
Blush Rambler (Mult ramb)
Front
g page
spiece.
XVIII.
XIX.
XXII.
1
4
5
8
9
10
11
14
15
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS, (Continued.)
Page.
Clara Curtis (T.) Facing 108
KOnigin Carola (H.T.) , 109
A First-Class Group of Autumn Roses ... „ 110
Joanna Bridge (HT.) 132
Golden Spray (H.T.) „ 133
A Collection of 12 Roses for Button-holes ... „ 136
Mrs. Curnock Sawday (H.T.) ... ... „ 144
Una Wallace (H.T.) ... H5
Betty Uprichard (H.T.) ... ... ... „ 160
Queen of the Belgians ... ... ... „ 161
Muriel Wilson (T.) ... ... 176
Sunstar (H.T.) ... ... ... ... „ 177
A Collection of 12 Roses for Town Gardens „ 188
Earl Haig (H.T.) ,. 192
Mermaid (H.Brac) „ 193
Mrs. F. W. Flight (Poly) „ 196
Excelsa (wich) ... ... ... ... „ 197
Paul's Lemon Pillar (H.N.) ... ... „ 208
JonkheerJ.L. Mock (H.T.) , 209
Rose Garden, The Brooklands, Leicester 220
American Pillar (wich) ... ... ... „ 221
A Collection of 6 Rambler Roses ... ... , 222
Col. Oswald Fitzgerald (H.T.) ... 354
Padre (H.T.) 355
" YVONNE."
Awarded the GOLD MEDAL of the National Rose Society, July 1920,
also the Cory Cup for the best New Seedling Climbing Rose, 1920.
FRANK CANT & Co., B'ai8wiok
COLCHESTER.
MEMOIRS OF THE AUTHOR.
" The Rose (mankind will all agree),
The Rose the Queen of Flowers should be"
— Sappho (600 B.C.]
I met my first love in the rose world as a boy of 12
in the old gardens of a private school at Lyme Regis,
Dorset. Oh, how I loved ! And that love has re-
mained with me all my life. She was out of bounds,
and for two days I worshipped afar off ; but her guar-
dian, who, on the second day, chanced to weed the
rose-bed, told me her name was Marie Van Houtte,
and, seeing my great love for flowers, cut her for me
in all the glory of her autumn tints of lemon-yellow
edged with rose, and with outer petals suffused with a
rosy blush. From that day my love for roses grew,
and the following term I made a small garden, and
before the spring, bought, with two weeks' pocket-
money and two penny stamps (8d. in all) my first rose
tree. This was soon followed by another, for my first
tree was selected regardless of advice, for size to me
was its great recommendation, and it resulted in a
failure. The next was a " Gloire de Dijon," and,
although forbidden to climb, yet it gave me one or two
roses before I left my garden and said good-bye to the
old school. It was eight years after I chanced on a
holiday to go to Lyme Regis, and found the garden
overgrown, but from the rough grass and stone there
waved a hand to greet me ; it was a long- shoot of the
old " Gloire de Dijon " I had planted as a boy. Shoots
had come and shoots had gone. They had been cut or
trampled down, and the old stock was almost dead ;
but its welcome was there, and I carefully removed it
with my Knife, and took it home, and budded from it
more than one good tree. Already I was a rose-
grower, at least I thought so, for about th<- year 1898
xx MEMOIRS OP THE AUTHOE
I had visited the nurseries of Messrs. Keynes and Wil-
liams, of Salisbury, and I had bought two dozen good
H.P.s, and also had had my first lesson in budding1,
which I soon put into practice, with some success. But
roses, although my ruling hobby, did not hold the field
alone, for sports and other pastimes too often crowded
out the days of leisure, and it was not until my student
years were over, and I had stepped into the arena of
life, that I was able to grow the Queen of Flowers by
the hundred and by the thousand.
I was enamoured of her beauty, and could not do
enough to promote her welfare. I exhibited, I judged,
I organised shows, I enthused gardeners and owners
of gardens alike. Growers of six or twelve trees grew
their fifties and hundreds, and people who had patro-
nised local shows and looked on their presence there as
the performance of a local duty, now went to the show
tent as to a Court to bow before a Queen. Like other
enthusiasts, I felt no garden could be too big and no-
work too arduous. Then to London, not as a yearly
exhibitor at the N.R.S. " Grand National," but as an
Organiser, leading off at the Crystal Palace in 1911 with-
two large rose shows, each one a long-to-be-remem-
bered success.
The end of the year 1911 and the year 1912 found
greater scope for my labours, for I was appointed
Organising Secretary of the Royal International Hor-
ticultural Exhibition held at Chelsea, the largest Horti-
cultural Exhibition ever held in the world's' history.
This turned my attention to the writing of garden
articles for the Press, and then the founding, with an
old friend of mine, of my paper, " My Garden Illus-
trated." Then came the Great War, and for me
France, with the battles of the ist Somme, then a num-
ber of large appointments other than Horticulture.
Onerous duties and arduous undertaking into which the
Queen of Flowers could not force her way. At last
once more the love of horticulture asserted itself, and,
after a most successful Exhibition organised for St.
Dunstan's blinded heroes, I attacked again the Press,.
MEMOIRS OF THE AUTHOR. xxi
and offered the services of my pen. An article on
roses ! A series of articles on roses ! A report on new
roses ! Answers to correspondents on roses ! What
could I do but write a book and put in order all my
large accumulation of notes? What could I do but
once more take up the cause of the Queen of Flowers,
and in a great endeavour advance her interests?
This work, although arduous, is a labour of love,
and it is compiled with a threefold object — first, to
advance the culture of the Rose ; secondly, to help
amateur gardeners; thirdly, to further the interests of
the Horticultural trade of this country.
I have tried, as far as possible, to make this book
a complete treatise on rose-growing, and I have intro-
duced or enlarged upon features old and new. Every
grower has something to learn, and if we all lived to
the age of Methuselah, yet something unknown would
still await us all. What would we not give to possess
a descriptive trade catalogue of the days of Rome, or
discover an order for selected varieties scratched by
the stilus of some Roman enthusiast upon a leaden
tablet ! My Encyclopaedia would have to be revised
at once, and my garden plans would be out of date.
Not that the Encyclopaedia is complete or the garden
plans are the best, for no list of Roses in commerce
remains the same, and the style in garden design
varies according to surroundings and taste. The
book, however incomplete, will remain a milestone in
the history of the rose, and if I have been unable to
please all, yet there is pleasure in the thought that
some must profit by my experience, and in their turn
hand on a knowledge that shall operate to the benefit
of the Queen of Flowers.
Isaac House /2£> Son's
New Varieties of
Scabiosa Caucasica
True Perennials, Perfectly Hardy, Not diffiiult to grow
BUT our pamphlet on their Culture is sent free to all buyers.
They may be transplanted with safety from February until
August, but March and April are the best months. -
Annie. Clear light lavender
Collarette. Rich spectrum- violet
Constancy. Blue-violet ; very free
Dorothy. Silver-lavender
Dorothy Gwyer. Pure rich mauve
Edith. Pastel -violet; erect, useful
Elsie. Sky-blue : a grand variety
Empress. Silver-lavender, shaded light rose
Erecta Grandiflora. Spectrum-violet
Erecta Pallida. Similar, but lighter
Harold. Rich violet-blue, the best of all
Isaac House. The darkest Scabious yet raised
Mary Witchell. Deep azure-violet, immense
Mrs. J. Smith. Clear lavender-blue, serrated
Princess. Deep rich lavender, perfect form
Silver Queen Silver grey
Violet Walters. Light rose lavender,
conspicuous
Seed saved from our new varieties ; — 2/6, 5/-, 10/6 per packet.
Write for our Price List.
ISAACOUSE <£> SON,
Westburyon-Trym, BRISTOL.
Write for our
list of Violet
clumps in
August.
Large Collections of
Alpine and Herbaceous plant
from 40/- to 75 - per 100
Write for our
list of
Sweet Peas
in December.
Photograph by Reginald A. Malby, F.B.P.S
LADY SACKVILLE. (H.T.)
S. MCGREDY & SON, 1921.
Photograph lent by G. G. Whitele?g & Co.
SIMPLICITY. (H.T.)
HUGH DICKSON, LTD., 1909.
The Rose Encyclopaedia.
CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTION.
" For the Rose, ho ! the Rose, is the grace of the
earth I " — Sappho.
In the writing- and compilation of this book I
have had before me three objects, (i) The furtherance
of Rose culture. (2) The promotion of the British
Horticultural trade. (3) The guidance and assistance
of the amateur grower.
Who would not break a thorn in the interests of
the " Queen of Flowers " ! For many years it has
been my intention to write a book in her honour and
to testify to her sterling worth, but the opportunity
long evaded my wishes, and notes and memories of
the past stood in danger of being forgotten. Had
it not been for my enterprising printers and publishers,
Messrs. Vickery, Kyrle & Co., of 4, Great Marl-
borough Street, London, I doubt if in these difficult
days this book would have been produced.
Cost of production has necessitated a less
elaborate work than was at first intended, and dreams
of numberless roses illustrated in colour or by photo-
graphy have been almost dispelled. Such are costly
embellishments, when introduced on a large scale, and
although they add to the value of a book, and promote the
interests of traders, pleasing the eye, yet they tend to
make the price of a work prohibitive to the crowd, and
for this reason are better kept within bounds,
2 INTRODUCTION.
Had I my way, the book would contain plates
showing good representative varieties of every type
of rose ; plates demonstrating various seasonable opera-
tions in the Rose garden and Rose house, the Nursery
and Show tent ; the section devoted to garden plans
and planting schemes would be exhaustive of all
varieties worth growing, and would include alterna-
tives of every description ; whilst that portion of the
book — the encyclopaedia proper — would list every rose
known in the gast and present and the fullest details
would be given. A glorious dream, to be realised only
by the mt>re favoured brother who can afford the
time and money to carry through such an arduous and
expensive undertaking.
The book however, as it is, represents no mean
effort. \\\ that is necessary will be found dealt with
in the chapters devoted to rose culture, whilst the
Garden plans and planting schemes will lend ideas
that will assist the grower. The dictionary of
varieties, although by no means complete, gives the
names and particulars of nearly all roses listed in
our British Rose Growers' catalogues and existing in
our gardens throughout the British Isles to-day. As
a book of reference it would hardly be of interest to
include a list of roses that were out of commerce and
did not exist even in the gardens of England to-day ,
it would only confuse the amateur and lead to mis-
takes. Again it is very hard to know where to stop,
for foreign growers are ever pushing new roses upon
the market, and they are by no means as careful as
our own growers in matters of selection. Indeed,
many a worthless variety has been sold under a new
name. There is no great difficulty in the raising of
new varieties, but there is difficulty in the securing
of varieties that are an improvement upon existing
kinds or, at the least, of equal quality.
Doubtless I could fill volumes with names and
particulars, but it would be of no practical benefit.
I trust, then, that the book will commend itself and
the lines upon which it is compiled will be approved
by all. As regards the trader, let it at once be
INTEODUCTION. 3
declared that the book is British, and the writer,
although quite cognisant of the debt we owe to rose
growers throughout the world, feels very strongly
upon the support that should be accorded to our own
nurserymen.
A glance at the dictionary of roses at the end of
the book will show the reader what has been done by
continental rosarians towards the development of the
Queen of Flowers, and he would indeed be a churl who
did not welcome the efforts of a horticultural brother ;
but even the foreign trader will agree that it is only right
to support home industries first and then to take your
favours abroad.
Nearly all rose growers are in touch with the
markets, and they soon procure a new variety that
is worth propagating; if, then, a foreign introduction
is of any value, the amateur can rest assured that it
will not be long before it is found in our own nur-
series. All firms mentioned in this book are firms of
standing and can be relied upon to advise and supply
only goods of honest market value. It is a most
surprising thing to me how few amateurs ever visit
our large nurseries, where they can see plants and
trees growing in quantity and can best judge as to
their wants, their likes and dislikes. The show tent
for many seems to be the only media for selection, and
yet the show tent has its limitations, even if it has
its advantages. In any case, it serves for a gathering
of the clans, and much useful information is exchanged
first-hand. The Horticultural Trade of this country
is one of its greatest mainstays ; how great, few of us
realise, until we carefully consider all the various in-
dustries that are involved in its interests. Fruit,
flowers, vegetables, plants, trees, shrubs, seeds, roots,
tubers — think of the scope ! But when you go further
and treat of garden sundries, this list is legion and
involves anything from a greenhouse to a label, from
a mowing machine to a pair of scissors, or a garden
ornament to a paving stone. The gardens of the
British Isles have been for centuries the wonder of
the world, and this is due entirely to our British nur-
series and to our Horticultural Traders. These are
4 INTRODUCTION.
the experts, and although amateurs will be found with
certain expert knowledge, yet they are in the minority
and the experiences of the trade divides them from
the professional class. The Rose Encyclopaedia is
written by an amateur for amateurs, and if I have
in any way been guilty of the sins of omission I must
plead the status of the amateur.
That this book may be a success, I kave done
all in my power to secure the help of the rose-growing
trade in the filling up of forms for full particulars/ of
all roses, old and new, raised by individual firms. I
take it that no one can better describe a variety than
the raiser and grower of large quantities of the same ;
however, I have largely edited these reports, and ex-
perience has been my guide. The sections devoted to
selections and plantings were compiled after a care-
ful review of all catalogues and rose lists of our best
firms, and although cut down owing to lack of
space, yet any firm that has been mentioned in the
pages of this book will from their catalogues
furnish complete or alternative schemes upon request,
and, further, will carry out the laying out and planting
of any garden of the dimensions designed. In cases
where a grower advocates certain varieties in pre-
ference to any that I have suggested, I bow to his
superior knowledge, for I take it such suggestions
will only be made after a more perfect knowledge of
soil, surroundings, and situation. The rose grower
can always rest assured of this, that the nursery en-
gaged will in its own interests carry out the work
entrusted to its care both to the credit of its firm and
the satisfaction of its client.
Photograph by Reginald A. Malby, F.K.l'.S.
MRS. JOHN INGLIS (H.T.)
S. MCGREDY & SON, 1920.
Photograph by Reginald A. Malby, F.R.P.S.
MIRIAM. (H.T.)
REVD. PEMBERTON, 1919.
CHAPTER II.
HISTORY OF THE ROSE,
" rl he flower desired so deeply
By thousands of lovers and thousands of maids."
— Tasso.
The Rose is found in all countries of the world, and
is a native of all, with the exception of a portion of
South America and the tropics. The cultivation of the
Rose is as old as any branch of horticulture, and
although it is hard to trace the age of any variety or to
ascertain the introduction of the Queen of Flowers into
any portion of the globe, yet ancient history gives abun-
dant proof of the esteem in which it was held, and
records of the past prove conclusively the great atten-
tion paid to its development. Biblical reference is
somewhat uncertain, and earlier testimony is of a very
meagre character. Homer's allusions to the Rose in
his " Iliad " and the " Odyssey " are, without doubt,
the earliest records, but far older must be the attention
paid to this floral queen. The Bible tells us of the Rose
of Jericho and the Rose of Sharon, but these flowers
have been discredited by modern writers, and facile
pens have done much to prove the name Rose in these
two instances to be incorrect. However, if we turn
to the Book of Wisdom, n., 8, we find clear men-
tion of the Rose in the words : " Let us crown our-
selves with Rosebuds before they be withered," and
a portion of the preceding verse, " Let no flower of
the Spring pass by us," shows that the writer points
to a well-known flower and a custom prevalent in his
day, as also at a later period. The fact that the wild
Rose is found so widely distributed, and that in variety,
is, I think, conclusive proof of its popularity. Sappho,
6 HISTOEY OF THE KOSE.
the Greek poetess, writing about 600 B.C., selects the
Rose as the Queen of Flowers in the following lines : —
" Would you appoint some flower to reign
In matchless beauty on the plain,
The Rose (Mankind will all agree),
The Rose the Q'ueen of Flowers should be."
" For the Rose, Ho, the Rose ! is the grace of the
earth! " (Sappho could not have been the first, and
she certainly has not been the last, to sing of the Rose).
Omar Khayyam from the East sings : —
" But fairest of them all, the Rosebud sweet,
With modest blush her skirt doth closely lace."
Omar, with scent of attar of roses in his nostrils, had
to pay tribute, as also our now immortal Shakespeare,
in the words, " As sweet as damask Roses," and,
"With sweet musk Roses and with Eglantine." If
the Greeks were ardent admirers of the rose, no less
were the Romans, who made great advances in its
culture, and created quite an industry by their demand
for blooms and trees. It is wonderful to find so many
allusions in the writings of the ancients to this flower,
and the cultural notes given to us, together with refer-
ences as to its popularity through so many centuries,
prove beyond doubt the existence of countless varieties
now gone.
Nero is credited by Suetonius, the Latin writer, of
having spent four millions of sesterces in Roses for one
feast, which in money is equivalent to over ^30,000 —
a severe tax on the Rose gardens of his day ! But it
is a testimony to the popularity of the Queen of
Flowers. Indeed, not only was the Rose used as a
means of decoration, but the floors of banqueting halls
were strewn with petals.
The question might arise as to whether or no the
majority of Roses used in ancient days were those
culled from the hedgerow and the field, but I think,
without doubt, they were cultivated varieties. Horace,
who writes at length on horticulture, gives us interest-
ing mention of the growing of Roses in beds, and I
HISTOEY OF THE EOSE. 7
would take it that dwarf varieties were not unknown.
Pliny advises the deep digging- of the soil for their
better cultivation, and leads us to surmise the careful
study of varieties in a Rose garden set apart for their
welfare.
The raising of varieties from seed or sports was
well known and studied with deep interest from the
earliest ages of horticulture, and the fact that so little
is known of this wonderful flower other than the
parent stocks that still thrive in climes most suited to
its requirements is not to be wondered at.
Amongst the creations of to-day there exist but
few varieties of the Roses of three hundred years ago.
The fittest survive, and growers only perpetuate those
varieties worth having, or which have endeared them-
selves to popular fancy. The grafted or budded Rose
without care soon gives place to the sturdy growth
of the parent stock, and if not perpetuated would soon
be lost. It would be impossible in a chapter to give
extracts of all references to the Rose by the ancients,
or to even make such a notice representative of the
attention paid to it throughout the ages. India, Persia,
Turkey, Egypt, Spain are all full of ancient history of
the Rose. Its medicinal properties have been handed
down through time. Rose-water and Attar of Roses
have been valued commodities through many centuries,
and certain old varieties of Roses, favoured for com-
mercial purposes, still exist, even where others have
disappeared.
If we studied the Rose catalogues of a hundred
years ago, we should be surprised to find how few
varieties live to-day. In 1596 the Provence, or Cab-
bage Rose, and the common Moss Rose were found in
well-stocked gardens, and the Austrian Yellow and
Austrian Copper flourished at the same time. These
live to-day, but there is no doubt that many other
varieties existed, and were prized until replaced by
more attractive introductions raised in our own country
or introduced from the Continent. In 1815 the French
growers began to go ahead, and in 1829 we find Mons.
8 HISTORY OF THE EOSE.
Desportes issuing a catalogue of 2,000 named varieties,
few of which, however, survive. This gives us an
ample illustration of how easy a thing it is to create
and then lose all trace of a flower. In ancient days
writers were few, and floriculture, although followed
for profit and pleasure, found few scribes to hand down
to posterity descriptions that to-day would be so dearly
prized.
We expect too much when we look to find a list
of the Roses grown in the hanging gardens of ancient
Babylon or a tradesman's catalogue of the days of
Nero ! To find the parent stock growing in any clime
is sufficient evidence to me of Rose gardens of the
past, and the evidence of the introduction of thousands
of varieties that have come and gone in the last 300
years, proves how easy it is, given the parent flower,
to produce a novelty. A good Rose is another matter,
for but a small percentage of all the new seedlings
grown are thought fit for commerce, and much de-
pends upon whether a new variety is an improvement
upon an older one of a similar character.
Almost all the modern introductions are varieties
that must be budded or grafted on to a parent stock,
and that do badly if grown upon their own roots. These
wonderful novelties will not contribute to the living
history of the Rose, and in the event of a great upheaval
in civilisation they will disappear, and become, if re-
corded, only gilded history of the past. The Roses
born to last can only be those that do well upon their
own roots, such as Damask Roses, Moss Roses, Pro-
vence Roses, China Roses, Alba Roses, and others.
Such will live and hand themselves on, even against
our will, and, although the raiser may be forgotten,
still he lives, and leaves the earth a brighter place for
having existed.
Photograph by Reginald A. Malby, F.H.P.S.
MRS. HENRY MORSE (Fernet)
S. McGREDY & SON, 1919.
Photograph lent by G. Q. "Wbitelegg & Co.
BRITISH QUEEN. (T.)
S. McGREDY & SON, IQI2.
CHAPTER III.
POETRY AND THE ROSE.
Give me a rose when all the world is gay,
Give me a rose in June or smiling May,
Give me a rose to cast its spell around,
For where the rose doth bloom, great joy is found.
T.G.W.H.
He is a soulless being" who cannot delight in verse,
or whose eye conveys no joy to the mind at the sight of a
lovely flower. The song of the Thrush and the glory
of the Rose to me from boyhood upwards have ever
remained as two of the greatest gifts of a beneficent
Creator.
What wonder that the heart is moved to give ex-
pression of the joy it feels, and that song and Verse
should honour the giver and the gift of earth's most
lovely flower. I make no excuse for introducing
into this book poor samples of the humble poetic efforts
of my pen, for they are offerings to the Queen of
Flowers, and he who values my information will
tolerate my praise. We cannot all express our thoughts
as Sappho or loose for friends those utterances they'd
choose ; but we can burn incense to our hearts' desire,
and lift the minds of many higher than our own. It
has been truly said, " In every love-song Roses
bloom "; true, for love gives its best, and the tribute
of all in the floral world has been the Rose. One of
the greatest gifts I have ever had given to me was a
Rose plucked on Christmas Day by our old gardener
when I was a boy.
The sweetest song I ever heard was of the Rose,
and I am sure that there is no perfume that lingers in
my memory more than that obtained from the pot-
pourri jar which stood in the drawing-room of the old
home.
PERRY'S
Hardy Plant Farm,
Alpines, .'. Perennials,
New ^3D Rare Shrubs,
Water Lilies <£> Bog
Plants.
HARDY & EXOTIC FERNS
One of the most complete collections
in existence, strong, healthy stock
true to name. . : :
Prices will bear very favourable
comparison with any reliable firm
in this country. : :
CATALOGUES FREE on demand.
ENFIELD - Middlesex
.
MRS. HORNBY LEWIS.
E. J. HICKS, 192 1.
Photograph by Reginald A. Malby, F.R.P.S.
(H.T.)
Photograph by Reginald A. Malby, F.R.P.S.
INDEPENDENCE DAY. (Fernet.)
MESSRS. BEES LTD., 1919.
11
THE TIME OF ROSES.
Gather the Roses in July,
\t the end of June expect them ,
But ever remember that you and I
Ne'er gather if we neglect tRem.
TO THE WILD ROSE.
O floral spray from which the warbler sings .
Dear blushing Rose whose wooded pungent scent
Doth fill the country side with sweet content,
What love is conjured up, and presence brings !
Dear Queen of lavish feast of pleasant things
That winter and the spring too long hath pent !
Thou hallmark of the summer now find vent !
Go, cast thy stars, bright blooms o'er mantle green,
And let in jewelled robes thy face be seen !
Bear me, dear rose, on fairy petalled wings,
That like the butterfly I too may float
On perfumed breezes, while the lark's sweet note
Wakes childhood up within my heart again,
And stirs to simple pleasures free from pain.
LIVE!
Spend each hour as best you may —
Life is full of sorrow,
E'en the Roses of to-day
Live but through the morrow.
12
THE NATIONAL EMBLEM.
THE ROSE OF OLD ENGLAND.
No weak exotic flower art thou,
True emblem of a nation great,
No clumsy bloom on ill-grown bough,
Denoting poor or weakly state :
For Britons bred in their own land
Are noble, hardy, bold and free,
And, like the Rose, all climates stand —
They've sampled in their old country.
But thou of every flower art Queen ;
And who can tell thy royal worth?
For 'midst the rest, when thou art seen,
Thou reignest o'er the gems of earth.
Each nation owns thy mighty power ;
Each empire h*rks to thy decree;
And though they envy, all admire
And praise thy true nobility.
But yet within thy foliage rare,
Thy sturdy wood reveals a thorn
That bids each ruthless hand beware,
Lest from its home some Rose to be torn.
So, too, there guards each citizen
Our national sword of sharp defence.
The Union Jack protects us when
Some foreign hand would pluck us hence.
Upon the briar that fosters thee,
Procured from ancient British soil,
Thy parent stock gives growth that's free,
Rewarding labourers for their toil.
13
We live the best in our own land;
More happy we on our own shore.
If foreign paupers we'd withstand,
Then England's wealth could keep her poor.
If blight or mildew check thy- growth,
Some fungus spot thy foliage green,
'Tis ignorance, or 'chance 'tis sloth
Permits them wound thee, Floral Queen.
E'en like a government that's bad,
Whose laws assail us like a frost,
Whose taxes blight the growth we had,
And, unremoved, our country's lost.
Still, when, in spite of every strain,
A wondrous Rose unfolds to view,
And, warmed by sunshine, fed by rain,
Proclaims to all a life that's new,
'Tis like our country plunged in strife,
That stirs itself and turns about;
She stops disaster with new life,
And puts her envious foes to rout.
We gaze upon the beauteous Rose,
Proclaim it as our national flower;
And every child of England knows
The glorious emblem of our power.
We think upon our mighty name,
Our flag with its historic past ;
God grant that we improve its fame,
And, like the Rose, it, too, may last.
T. G. W. H.
CONTENTMENT.
Give me a seat, a pleasant nook,
Within my garden fair;
I need no tale or story book,
For Roses scent the air.
THE ROSE GARDEN.
There's a breath from the South in the morning,
A dew on each fresh-opened flower;
There's a mist which still present gives warning
That the sun shall shine forth in its power,
There's a scent of sweet hay from the meadow,
Young birds are at feed on the lawn,
And each soft shaft of light and each shadow
Says Summer is out with the morn.
A fine perfume the air is pervading,
An incense floats up from a shrine,
And I follow that odour invading
A garden of Roses called mine.
MY FLOWER EVERLASTING.
Roses all the year I grow,
And with such I never part,
For though seasons come and go,
Roses bloom within my heart.
Photograph lent by B. R. Cant & Sor
PHOEBE. (H.T.)
B. R. CANT & SONS, 1921.
Photograph by Reginald A. Malby, F.R.P.S.
WILLIAM SHEAN. (H.T.)
ALEX. DICKSON & SONS, 1906.
15
CHAPTER IV.
SOILS AND THEIR PREPARATION.
<4 The Desert shall rejoice and blossom as the Rose."
— Isaiah.
Where the wild Rose throws her bloomy spray,
there will the cultivated Rose succeed. Where the
Elm grows big in field and hedgerow, there the soil
is good.
Few of us choose a house for the quality of its
garden soil, and, although aspect and position will
greatly determine a decision, yet by far the most im-
portant consideration in cases of large houses is soil.
Your very health will largely depend upon the soil of a
neighbourhood, and whether it be clay, gravel, chalk,
or sand, its effects at certain seasons of the year will
be felt. If this is the case with men and animals,
which it certainly is, it is equally true as regards plant
life. I have always maintained that you can grow
Roses anywhere, but your soil must in many places be
prepared. The true gardener never owns, and seldom
knows, defeat. After all, it is not so much the fault
of the soil as it is its treatment that brings success or
failure. Like the Scotsman who declared that there
was no such thing as bad whisky, but that some
brands were better than others, so I would pronounce
on soils. Give me the land and I will give you the
garden — yes, and a Rose garden i A man once showed
me hard rock, and said : " Get on with that ! " I
replied : " Oh ! that is easy," and I sketched him out
a plan of beds ana paths, and proved to him that by
the removal of a little stone where the beds were re-
quired, a little drainage to follow the fissures in the
16 SOILS AND THEIR PREPARATION.
rock, natural giant pots could be formed to grow
Roses. To give the extra depth, I planned all beds to
be raised on the principle of a rockery, and, beyond
the carting in of the soil for the actual beds, the rest
was simple. It is seldom that we are faced with an
impossible solution to a problem in the garden world,
but when such seems to be the case, it is found not so
much in the soil as it is in aspect and general surround-
ings. You cannot grow Roses like ivy under trees ;
neither can you grow them successfully on a con-
tinually wind-swept and exposed site, such as we find
round the coast, where even the stunted and half
limbless trees show by the angle at which they are
growing the path of the prevailing winds. Roses
must smile at the sun, moon, and stars, and Roses
must have shelter, be it the thatched hurdle or the
distant wood. Look at the wild Rose growing in the
field or hedgerow, and note when it does best on a
variety of soils. It does best where the soil in which
it is growing is shaded, as in the hedgerow of a
country lane or the border of a wood. Why? Be-
cause such shade conserves the moisture in the soil;
also, the thorn or material over which it grows lends
support against rough winds. When considered, the
aspect is in nearly every case the best that could be
got, and the surroundings are found to be those that
are most congenial. This is natural, and when we
think it over it is only what we should expect, for,
although rose seed is scattered everywhere by birds, it
grows and thrives only in the choicest sites, and
according to the soil it has survived to reproduce itself
on the same land for very many years. In dealing with
soils, it is necessary that we discuss the root growth of
the Rose, and here we shall find that, although every
plant, tree, and shrub possesses habits peculiar to its
kind and is shallow or deep rooted, yet soil to a large
extent controls the natural growth.
The elm tree is naturally a surface-rooting tree,
but in some soils the roots run deep, developing into
what are commonly known as tap-roots. This I have
SOILS AND THEIE PREPARATION. 17
noticed to be the case on the same land, and even close
to another tree that is surface-rooted. Roots have
more than one function to perform ; thus you nearly
always find with trees, the largest roots are developed
on the prevailing- wind side of a tree where the position
is exposed. Nature knows no law, and we find all
sorts of variations, even in plants with the most regular
habits of growth. It has always been held that fibrous
roots are more productive of flower and fruit than roots
that run deep ; but unless certain roots have certain
functions which no man can prove, I maintain there is
really no difference.
The principal point to remember is that the top
soil is richest in all those properties that tend to good
growth, and it is fed year by year naturally or arti-
ficially. Fibrous roots thus are sought and encouraged.
Tap-roots are, however, of equal value, though from a
fruit and flower producing point of view they are held
to be inferior, and root-pruning in the case of fruit
trees has given evidence of this fact. But I think the
point to be remembered is this. Tap-roots are the
giant arteries of the tree, and when they exist in
strength they are put out to, firstly, build up the tree
with growth according to its kind, and then to feed
and sustain, according to the requirements of the fully-
developed tree. Such a tree, when it has reached its
intendea size, will fruit and flower equally well fed by
tap-roots.
Of course, if you wish to restrict growth for im-
mediate results, you cut off your tap-root and feed from
fibrous roots.
Nature is our great adviser. For years I have
dug briars from the hedgerow and the field, and the
best grown, largest, and in season best flowered were
those with the deepest roots. It is a very hard thing
to find briars with a liberal supply of fibrous roots,
especially on a clay or heavy soil. These things teach
us a lot, and help us to form opinions as to methods
18 SOILS AND THEIE PEEPAEATION.
of cultivation and treatment of soils and plants. My
observations have taug-ht me that a good supply of
water is as important to the Rose as good soil. In a
dry season the Dutch hoe is not going- to compete with
your neighbour's watering can, nor a sandy soil with a
rich loam. Moisture is everything to the Rose. Where
it exists in the soil every effort must be made to con-
serve it, and where it is lacking it must be supplied.
To the lover of the Rose no trouble is too great to
ensure that our Rose-beds are exactly what the Rose
requires. So much depends upon what you have got
or can get before giving advice. There is no need to
be extravagant or expensive in one's ideas, for the
Rose is as much the poor man's flower as it is the rich
man's, and a little thought and prudence will save
much unnecessary labour and expense. If you have a
garden ready made with a good depth of soil of a nice
greasy, retentive loam you have got all that you re-
quire for the Rose. Manures, natural and artificial, in
season will do the rest. Granted that every soil can be
improved or altered a little so as to suit all classes or
variety of Roses ; yet when you have that which will
do, to go to additional labour and expense is not unlike
the cook who uses six eggs in a cake where two are
sufficient, or vintage port in a trifle when the ordinary
wine is good enough.
Without going into a soil analysis which is not
necessary, you will find, no matter what your subsoil,
that you can grow Roses. If not made, mark out your
beds, and let us start at once. Remember always one
great point — a well-made Rose-bed is to last for years,
and it is worth while digging and excavating to do the
work properly. When making my own Rose garden,
all the small beds were emptied of soil to the depth of
three feet, the bottom of the bed picked over, rough
stone and broken brick was then thrown in to a depth
of six inches, upon this came a heavy coating- of manure
to about five inches, then the roughest of the soil was
put back to the depth of one foot, and then the last
SOILS AND THEIK PEEPAEATION. 19
foot of soil. Allowing for additions, such as broken
brick and manure, it will raise the bed to a nice height
above the level of the ground. Before replacing your
last foot of soil scatter some old, well-rotted manure,
burnt garden ash, or old leaf-mould, if you can spare it,
to the depth of two inches ; then throw back your top
soil and shape up your bed, leaving it to settle for a
few days before planting your Rose trees. A word
now as to top soil. The best that can be got is the
soil that lies three or four inches beneath the turf
of old pasture land; but if you are on a good loam, the
soil of your garden should suffice, and, according to its
nature, so you can improve it. Try and keep the top
soil light and retentive of moisture. If there is too
much clay in your soil, dig into the surface some sand
or road grit that has been screened or sifted. When
you plant your trees the soil ought in dry weather to
easily break up and filter round the roots, but yet must
be trodden down firmly. If the garden soil has been
in cultivation for very many years, a coating of lime
well forked in will do it a lot of good.
I am a great believer in the presence of sand in the
top soil, for it promotes root growth, and, provided
there is plenty of good loam, it can do no harm. People
have got it into their heads that Roses to do well must
be grown not on but in clay, and it is a very hard
matter to dispel this notion. There is only one thing
in clay that is of real benefit to the Rose, and that is
water. For this very reason, a percentage of clay in
the soil is beneficial. If then we add feeding properties
and good drainage, we are working on right lines.
Clay that has been exposed to frost and sun soon gets
into a friable condition, and is ready to dig into a light
soil during dry weather. On a clay soil, the most diffi-
cult problem to solve is drainage; in some places the
loam is so shallow that it is impossible to dig a bed
without, at certain times of the year, forming a
veritable pond. In this case field pipes should be in-
serted in a large bed, and if a fall cannot be secured,
then the bed must be raised well above the clay level.
20 SOILS AND THEIR PREPARATION.
Chalk itself is hopeless for Roses, but as a sub-
soil it is excellent. He who would grow Roses on a
chalk soil has indeed got to put his thinking cap on to
make a garden. Old ponds have to be cleared out,
hedges and ditches searched for soil; turf, no matter
how thin, has to be stored, and every opportunity taken
to cart in a load of good loam to mix with it. In some
districts the soil is so poor that there is nothing for it
but to cart in a proportion of loam to mix with what
you can get. But when this is done, ofttimes the dis-
trict is too wind-swept for flowers to do well. How-
ever, shelter can be made and soil can be gathered and
imported even in the worst district. The same applies
to a sandy neighbourhood, but here fewer troubles
await us, for soil will always take a large percentage of
sand ; the only difficulty, of course, is to get it retentive
enough. On a sandy soil keep the surface well sup-
plied with leaves and leaf-mould. This, with old
manure forked in, will help to conserve the moisture.
Leaves have a great value, not only for keeping the
moisture in the soil, but also for keeping out the frost,
and ultimately in enriching the soil. Next to chalk I
think a gravel soil is one of the most disheartening, for
it entails so much labour. In any case, whether a bed
is large or small, it must all be got out to a depth of
two feet to three feet. This done, and your beds filled
in with good soil, Roses generally do well, for the
drainage is good, and long roots soon find their way
through the gravel.
I do not wish to give the amateur the idea that it
is necessary to go to the labour or expense of emptying
every Rose-bed of soil and of filling it up again to suit
the best requirements of the Rose. This is not so,
except in the case of small beds, when I think it is well
worth the trouble. In the formation of large beds on
unbroken land, it will suffice to throw back the top
soil, and, having taken out a section of the bed, to
break up the bottom and make it up as already de-
scribed. Of course, in a well-dug garden this will not
be necessary, for already there will exist a good depth
of soil that has been turned over and over for years.
SOILS AND THEIE PREPAEATION. 21
Nevertheless, even this land should be trenched, heavily
manured with old manure thrown in at the bottom of
the trench, and if the soil is poor, as dug-, it should be
enriched with turf loam, burnt ash, leaf-mould, scrap-
ings of an old pond, and old mortar that has been
broken and sifted. Try and keep the top foot of your
Rose-bed as much like a rich potting soil as possible,
and you can never go wrong. Of course, this is ideal,
and it is not to be expected that soil on a low scale can
equal carefully prepared potting soil ; but to the true
lover of the Rose it will not be so very difficult to get
near such excellence. After all, we can only make the
best of the materials we have, and, although we would
like to do better for the Queen of Flowers, still, she is
not over-exacting, and I often think it is our enthu-
siasm that carries us away to execute almost unneces-
sary work on her behalf.
Nature is very generous, and as a rule it is a case
of eyes and no eyes, for there is nearly always material
at hand from which to fashion what we require if only
we could but see it. Odd bits of turf should be stacked
and allowed to decay, for there is no better soil. If a
bed is in course of construction, turf can be thrown in
just as it is cut to the bottom of the bed with the
manure. About the second or third year the roots of
the Rose trees will tap these resources, and the benefit
will be seen very quickly. In dealing with soils, it is not
out of place to treat of the immediate surroundings of a
Rose border, for in the case of low-lying land beds
should be kept raised as much as possible, especially
on a clay soil. Large trees and shrubs, if growing1
near, will be sure to send out their roots towards the,
better soil, and very soon the Rose-beds will become
filled with thin roots, and the soil will be impoverished.
The ash tree and the elm are two of the worst offenders,
and nearly every kind of poplar is to be avoided. Still,
beggars cannot be choosers, and in many a garden it is
proximity to a tree or nothing. In this case keep away
as far as you can, and be prepared to re-make the
border on the very first signs of your trees going back.
CLAY'S FERTILIZER
(The World's Plant Food)
Produces Roses of charm and fragrance. By its
aid all Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables and Foliage are
brought to perfection.
IT IS SAFE, QUICK-ACTING, RELIABLE.
The accompanying Is an illustration of the
" CLAY "
CHALLENGE CUP
Presented by Messrs. CLAY &
SON to the Council of the Royal
Horticultural Society, for annual
competition, for a New Rose
not yet in commerce, having the
true old Rose Scent.
OPEN TO ALL.
Slver-Gilt in two colour*: 18 in». high
(including pedestal); 13£ ins. between
handles ; 90 ozs. in weight ; in solid
Oak Case.
Designed and manujacturcti by
Messrs. Elkingion & Co., Ltd.
Sold Everywhere in Tins ; and in Branded and Sealed
^ Bags of 7lbs., Ulbs., 281bs., 56lbs., and 112lba.
-^LONDON Q- Or direct from the Works.
Every Genuine Tin, Bag and Seal bears the Trade
Mark, as at side.
Q C^\\.T Manure Manufacturers,
CX OVJIN , Bone Crushers, &c.
STRATFORD, LONDON, E.I 5.
Photograph by Reginald A. Malby, F.R.P.S.
LESLIE PIDGEON. (H.T.)
HUGH DICKSOX, LTD., 1921.
^?:
•#** - ~Tr
Photograph by Reginald A. Malby, F.R.P.S.
LADY GODIVA.
G. PAUL, 1907.
(wich.)
23
CHAPTER V.
MANURES.
<4 I know the secret of the Rose. She blushes I "
— Lytton.
Roses are gross feeders, and every Rose grower
who is desirous of being successful must study to «
certain extent the values and application of manures.
The subject, at its best, is not a savoury one, and few
of us care to make an analysis of the manure heap, or
even to handle that which we know to be so good for
our trees; but it is wonderful what we will do for
things we love and surprising how keen and enthusi-
astic we can become on matters which at first caused
positive aversion.
" Evil be to him who evil thinks ! " A very
excellent motto to quote when the poor Rosarian has
to enthuse upon such a subject as manures. If we
were all chemists we should talk in the language of
chemists, and allude to the fertilisers of the soil in
gilded phraseology, defining only their component
parts. But the great majority of Rose growers are
only poor gardeners who, unlike their forefather
Adam, have to struggle with the difficulties that beset
cultivation, and although we do not blame him for his
imputed legacy, yet we would rather that things were
made easier for us in the fostering of the things we
love. Personally, I feel that half the joys of life come
from the difficulties that surround the getting and
achieving; possession and retention of what we hold
are too often fraught with anxieties and cares. " A
glorious Rose that has cost us something to produce,
even the supposed humiliation of the muck heap, will
give greater pleasure than a bloom culled from a
24 MANURES.
neighbour's garden. The more we study a subject the
greater our qualifications for mastering its difficulties,
and it is only the prude and the super-sensitive that
will not bend to the necessities of life, be it plant or
human.
The little urchin who clears the streets with dust
pan and brush of what is good for his miniature gar-
den is of far more interest to me than the noble lord
who pays his gardener's bill for artificial manure. I
can see the trader smile, but, " bon comrade," that
self-same urdhin in all probability is the gardener of
to-morrow, and his knowledge of plant life is far more
likely to become thorough than he who so seldom
devotes an hour to the study of the growth and re-
quirements of the trees he loves.
We may all talk of leaf mould, bone meal, shoddy,
and artificials, but cow dung, pfg manure, night soil,
sheep droppings. Oh, no ! I am sorry if I shall
offend, but, good reader, if you think so do not read
further ; however, our national motto may prove a
fine disinfectant for the mind of anyone who objects.
I am not a chemist, and cannot talk to you in
the language of chemists; neither would I do so if I
was, for I am sure this chapter would lose half its,
value. We will call a spade a spade, and get on with
our subject, but here a short story albeit a very old
chestnut. Two navvies got into a railway carriage in
which sat a Bishop, and on sitting down, one poked
his shovel by accident into his friend's face. " Hi,
Bill ! " shouts the friend, " mind what you are doing
with that blank shovel ! " Then realising that the
Bishop was present he apologised, and remarked,
" You see, my lord, I always calls a spade a spade.''
" Indeed," said the Bishop, " I thought you called it
a blank shovel." In describing our subject it is not
necessary to descend to the phraseology of the navvy,
or to examine the depths of the cesspool ; but in com-
mon terms I will try to interest and to educate my
readers in a most important necessity of the garden.
MANUEES. 25
Manures and soils should really form one Chapter
and be dealt with together, but the subjects are far
too large, and as I have already pointed out, I do not
intend to go into an analysis of either beyond that
which is absolutely essential. I simply rely on the
testimony of growers and my own personal experi-
ences. Remember this, good reader ; your Roses will
have to be fed if the trees are to do well for many
years. The soil may be ever so good, but it will
gradually become exhausted of all those properties so
necessary to Rose life; while if the soil is poor the
building up of the same will be an annual considera-
tion. So much depends upon what you can get. It
is an easy matter for the man who keeps cattle and
poultry to obtain all that he requires, but not so for
the suburban gardener who neither keeps a horse or
pig, nor lives near a farm. But most difficulties can
be overcome, and in these days the cost of artificial
manures is so reasonable that the Rose grower can
generally secure those essentials his garden requires.
If I divide up all manures under two headings, natural
and artificial, I shall doubtless be better able to suc-
cessfully deal with the subject. Under natural
manures I would place Farm Yard manures, such as
that of the cow, pig, horse, sheep, fowl, pigeon;
House manures, such as soot, the cesspool and night
soil ; Garden manures, such as leaf mould, green re-
fuse, burnt ash, and turf. Outside these come Bone
meal, Fish manure, Guano, Shoddy, etc. Under
Artificial manures we have a variety of compositions
all containing in various quantities those ingredients
so necessary for plant life, namely, Lime, Nitrogen,
Phosphates and Potash.
No matter what manure we use, a plant will only
assimilate a certain quantity of those ingredients
necessary for its well-being. If too much of any of
its foods be given to it the results are disastrous.
Like a greedy child it will devour more than is good
for it, and suffer in consequence. The earth, with its
inexhaustible stores, is so ordered that seldom do we
find in soils sudh an overplus of foods as to be detri-
Heights
Gold R O £ E
"
Are grown on stony clay land, 400 feet above sea leyel,
exposed to all winds and are cultivated, under personal
sup rvision, to produce fibrous rooted, hard wooded trees
that succeed everywhere. ....
Testimony of their great success has been received from
customers in Belgium. Canada, South Africa, Scotland,
Sweden, United States of America, etc.
If you have been unsuccessful with new trees from other
districts, try —
NORTHERN HEIGHTS" ROSES.
T. P. EDWARDS, ?.R.I>.S..
Re$er»voii> Rd., goutggate, JVIiddx.
An Ideal Manure for Roses. "TPB
THOMSON'S VINE, PLANT
and VEGETABLE MANURE.
and of Highest XS^T'^K Also
Quality and Analysis. /&Qpc=' ===^fvv THOMSON'S
The Result of Long /0£^P^P^fiktf& SPECIAL TOP
Practical Experience ff ff^^^S^^f\G^ DRESSING MANURE
Produces Vigorous, Hj| ^%*§fe»S> OJ Stirmdant.
Growth. v^'^ ' k ' Have stood the teit of
over 40 years.
Sold by Seedsmen everywhere.
Sale Makers:
WM. THOMSON & SONS, LTD.
TWEED VINEYARD, CLOVENFORDS, GALASHIELS, N.B.
MANURES. 27
mental to plant life; on the contrary, it is noticeable
that for higher cultivation it is essential to increase
those properties required, but there are limits, and
enough is as much a feast as a feast is enough.
Experiment and experience are our best tutors,
and when we are in doubt it is far wisest to call in
the physician. I have always been content to place
myself in the hands of good reliable firms of some
standing when dealing with artificials, and such firms
as Walter Vass and Co., Wm. Thompson, Joseph
Bentley, Clay, the Molassine Co., the South Metro-
politan Gas Co., L. T. Donelly, are quite good enough
for me. These firms have made a great study of
fertilisers, and their products, of which we will treat
later, have stood the test, and are to-day too well
known for me to dilate upon them to any extent. In
the case of natural manures, these we get in varying
strengths, and it is almost impossible to estimate
their accurate values.
For instance, manure from cattle fed on cake and
corn is of far greater value than that from hay or
grass-fed beasts. Even soot varies, while bone meal
and guano are hardly ever the same. The Rose
grower, fortunately, is interested in a plant of gener-
ous habits, and which possesses a constitution not
easily upset, so that he need have 'no fear of a slight
overdose doing much harm, even if it does not do any
good.
In considering suitable manures it is necessary
also to take some stock of our soil. Fresh broken
land may be poor and need more manure than land
that has been worked for many years, but speaking
generally, fresh broken pasture land with a good
depth of loam should need very little manure for a
year or two. If devoid of humus or decayed vegetable
matter, stable manure should be dug in, or unburnt
garden refuse should be returned to the land ; but in
no case should any fresh manure be placed in contact
with the roots of the newly-planted tree. Fresh
broken land, as a rule, if poor, is better enriched with
28 MANUEES
shoddy, bone meal, soot, old stable manure and the
like, and then, when the trees are established, the
same should be top dressed with natural and artificial
manures. Old garden land, as a rule, is rich in
humus or decayed vegetable matter, but having been
cropped heavily it is generally found to be lacking in
many mineral ingredients so much required by the
Rose. Lime is the best tonic that can be given to
old and often sour land, and it is perfectly marvellous
what a coating of lime will do for worn-out soil that
has been overfed for years. Here it is fitting to dis-
cuss the best form in which to administer manures,
whether in solid or liquid form. Personally, I lean
towards the solid form, although it is evident tfhat
the liquid form, as might be expected, is considered
the best, for it is in this form that it is taken up by
the plant. But it is far easier to give an overdose in
liquid form, and also it entails greater labour and
trouble, since all applications are best administered
after a storm of rain, which may easily be missed.
On the other hand, solids are always waiting on
the rain storms, and, while waiting, imparting to a
certain extent nutriment to the soil. When trie Buds
are swelling, manure in liquid state is the best form
in which to administer it to your trees, but this is
generally given as an extra, the soil, as a rule, hav-
ing been well manured first.
This question is often asked : " Which is the
better plan, to top dress or to dig in all manures? "
It is a little difficult to answer, for while you do both
there is no doubt but that all manures should be
placed under the soil, to return to it those properties
it requires. If left exposed, much of the goodness is
lost; this is most noticeable on certain days when we
pass by a farm yard and smell the ammonia given off
by the manure heap which is heating or which has
been washed out by heavy rain.
In spite of this, I hold that top dressing after
soil has been originally dug and prepared to be the
best way in which to administer manures to Rose
MANUBES. 29
trees. There are many reasons for my decision. In
the first place, too much digging" round an established
tree is sure to result in damage to the roots ; in the
second place, at no time should strong or fresh
manure be brought in contact with the roots ; in the
third place, as a top dressing it forms a frequent
mulch, which the earth receives by degrees. Remem-
ber, soil, like plants, can be overfed at any one time,
although, given time, it can store up the substances
administered. Let us turn to nature and take a
lesson from her ; she both top dresses and digs in ,
Top dresses in the autumn with leaves and decayed
vegetation, which all through the winter months is
gradually returned to the soil, washed in by rains
and dug in by worms. See the burial beetle place
beneath the soil a dead bird or small animal ; see
insects burrow into soil and leave in it store of sur-
face matter that must decompose and fertilise.
The leaves of a giant tree, if left where they fall,
are soon returned to the earth, especially in a wet
-winter. If you examine the surface of the ground
you will notice how the worms drag them beneath the
soil, doubtless with the intention of keeping the holes
open to allow the rains to run down the pipes they
make, and air to be drawn into the soil.
Water and carbon form the greatest part of a
plant's content, and while the elements feed the leaves
and branches above, the worms administer to the
roots below, drawing down the air as surely as a
plunger in a pump, and conveying the water to the
roots in quantity by the holes or drain pipes that they
have made.
Roses, like most plants, require but little of the
salts of the earth ; carbon and water form their prin-
cipal necessities.
If you would prove this, do what Van Helmont,
a celebrated alchemist, did in the early i7th century .
Grow a tree in a large pot, weigh the soil, pot and
tree at planting, and then in three or four years weigjh
30 MANUBES.
again and see what each has gained or lost. Van
Helmont planted a willow tree weighing 5 Ibs. in
200 Ibs. of dry soil. He watered it regularly, taking
care that no dust or dirt fell on the soil in which the
tree grew. At the end of five years he weighed the
tree and soil, and found that the tree weighed 169 Ibs.
3 ozs. and the soil 199 Ibs. 14 ozs. The tree had
gained 164 Ibs. 3 ozs., and yet the soil had only lost
2 ozs. How, you ask, is this possible? The answer
is this : the tree's gain was made up of 2 ozs. of soil
properties, water, and also carbon absorbed in the
form of carbonic acid gas taken from the atmosphere
by the foliage. I quote this incident to show the little
a plant really takes out of the soil, and although the
amount varies according to the plant, yet it is but
little after all. But how mighty an atom can be, and
how far-reaching its effect is best instanced by medi-
cines and drugs, and of such character are manures.
Soils, as a rule, are more or less deficient of lime,
nitrogen, phosphates and potash. Lime acts directly
on the soil, sweetens it and improves its condition ;
incidentally it keeps down pests and fungoid diseases.
Nitrogen promotes the development of the foliage
through which, as we have shown, carbon is received,
and which goes to make up the plant matter. Phos-
phates encourage root development, accelerate growth,
induce fruitfulness, and impart strength to the tree.
Potash aids in the process of assimilation, which, in
the words of an able chemist, transforms the atmo-
spheric carbon into the carbon compounds of starch,
sugar and cellulose, of which latter the cell walls of
all plant life are composed. It will be seen, good
reader, that the well-being of our Rose trees depends
to a very large extent on the nature of the soil and
manure with which we feed them. Most growers,
and wisely so, buy their fertilisers as complete com-
pounds, and trust to the knowledge of the merchants.
There are many fertilisers on the market, an<3 of
" Phlo " Complete Fertilizers, manufactured by Pat-
tullo Higgs and Co., Ltd., of Orpington, the No. 4
is excellent for Roses, whilst the fertilisers of Messrs.
MANUEES. 31
Clay, of Stratford, Wm. Thompson, of Clovenfords,
Joseph Bentley, of Barrow-on-Humber, Hull, the
South Metropolitan Gas Co., L. T. Donelly, the
Molassine Co., have become famous. There are, of
course, many good fertilisers, but I would advise my
readers who are about to use artificial manures only
to deal with firms of standing, whose goods can be
relied upon as confidently as can those ol tfie firms
mentioned in this chapter. " Clays " fias become a
regular " slogan " with nearly all gardeners, and
their fertiliser is a well-known Rose and plant manure
sold in small and large lots by those who deal in hor-
ticultural sundries. I have used Clay's fertiliser for
years, and have proved its great value. So also have
I used and tested in various ways Wm. Thompson and
Son's fertiliser, which is a grand Rose manure.
Although used generally for vines, it is a
generous and safe manure for Roses in the open or
under glass. In the Rose border in the open, lightly
fork in i Ib. to the square yard, and for pot Roses 4 lb.
to a barrowful of soil is a good mixture. The way to
test artificial manures is to follow implicitly directions
as to use, and then selecting your trees, feed them with
only one kind of fertiliser ; do not change the diet. Try
it on different kinds of Roses that are growing well,
for not every tree will respond to treatment. It is no
good over-feeding a sickly tree, for, like a sick child,
it does not want much food. Care and attention, yes !
Possibly the trouble may be in the soil, in which case,
if many trees are affected, the wisest course to pursue
is to call in the specialist. Send a fair sample of the
soil to Messrs. Voss, who will advise you as to what
is best to be done to correct the trouble. This firm
has made a great study of soils, plant diseases and
pests, and it is wonderful what can be done in a few
days if only proper methods are employed. The great
value of all manure lies in the time to apply and the
quantity to use. Some manures are quick in action,
as, for instance, Sulphate of Ammonia ; others, such as
bone meal and shoddy, are slow, and of a more lasting
character.
32 MANUKES.
For a top dressing " Metro " Sulphate is a mag-
nificent fertiliser for Roses, but it should only be ap-
plied when trees have started to show bud or to bring
on a backward crop of bloom. In warm weather
after a storm of rain the results are quite electric, but
great care must be taken not to use too much. How-
ever, when blooms are backward and shows are too
near to be pleasant, a little " Metro " is a great
friend. Slow-acting fertilisers, such as bone meal and
shoddy, are best dug into the soil at planting time or
forked lightly in round established trees. The roots
of trees benefit in coming in contact with such, and
with some shoddies, such as wool waste, fibrous root
growth is certainly encouraged. I am a great advo-
cate of the use of wool waste for Rose trees, and con-
sider it to be one of the safest and best fertilisers on
the market. Wool waste owes its value as a fertiliser
to the high percentage of nitrogen which it contains.
When dug into the soil decomposition sets in quickly,
and is maintained steadily, with the production of am-
monia, which is subsequently converted into nitrate.
Wool waste is largely used on the light soils of Kent
in the fruit and Ihop growing areas ; it is also used on
the heavy land of the West Country with equally good
results for most crops. Roses delight in it, prin-
cipally, I think, because it helps to retain the moisture
in the soil, and, lasting, as it does, for two or three
years, it is of real value to the grower who has diffi-
culty in securing manures in large or small quantities.
In a moist soil or after a wet season decomposition
is likely to begin at once, giving rise to a steady and
continuous supply of nitrates, so essential to the de-
velopment of the Rose. Mr. L. T. Donnelly supplies
more than one grade, but any of them will serve the
Rose.
In discussing manures and fertilisers, you will
often find the word Humus used by the expert as being
essential to the soil. Of course, it is, for decayed vege-
table matter, which is virtually Humus, is the source of
all those foods which assist in the proper development
MANUEES. 33
of the useful soil bacteria. The form in which Humus
is generally applied is stable manure and garden
refuse. Many fertilisers claim to contain Humus or
to increase the amount of Humus in the soil, and when
this is the case they are of great value. " Rito," sent
out by the Molassine Co., is one, and it is a most useful
fertiliser for the top-dressing of Rose beds. My great
advice to the grower is, test more than one fertiliser,
and see what best suits your soil ; give not less than a
bed or a dozen trees to a season's trial. Of course,
some fertilisers, such as Bentley's Rose Manure, are
made up to suit all soils, and so long as you follow the
directions for use, you cannot go wrong. Take, for
example, Bentley's Rose Manure, which I have used in
my garden with wonderful results. In making a new
border you dig in 4 to 6 oz. per square yard ; in top-
dressing in the spring you rake into the surface of the
soil 4 oz. per square yard ; and later, when growth is
vigorous, rake in another 2 oz. per square yard. For
Roses in pots use one part of the Rose manure to each
hundred parts of compost, and in top-dressing apply
one teaspoonful to an eight-inch pot, and to larger or
smaller pots in proportion twice or three times during
the growing season. Now, the above is tfhe only way
to take in hand the use of artificial manures. Be exact
and you will be successful ; be careless and you court
a failure.
A friend once asked me if I had ever discovered
the blue Rose. I told him I had done so when 1 first
started to grow Roses, which was true, for I gave a
number of my trees before a show an overdose of
manure, and nearly killed them all. The buds, which
were just coming into flower, all turned a sickly blue,
and these were soon removed by a sadder and wiser
man.
I have dealt somewhat fully with artificials, for
they are the most important manures to consider, since
they need the most careful handling, and the benefits
to be obtained, if large, are fraught with dangers.
Natural manures present less difficulty, and there is a
Bentleys Rose Manure.
Promotes Flowers of sturdiness and
good substance.
PREVENTS MILDEW & RUST.
The Queen of Flowers is to-day a greater favourite than
ever, and there never lias been a period when it wa» so
extensively grown as at present. The Rose, unlike the
Carnation, shows the highest developement under rich
treatment, and for obtaining healthy plants, perfection in
form of flower, with increased size and heightened, colour,
this manure, which is a care fully -balanced and. highly
concentrated food, will give most gratifying results to all
growers of the National flower.
It is suitable alike for the amateur and the professional
grower.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE.
For New Borders.
Dig in the Manure at the rate of 3 to 5 oz. per
square yard.
For Top Dressing.
In Spring lightly prick into the soil a dressing of
about 4 ozs. per square yard, and during active
growth use an additional dressing of 2 ozs. per
square yard.
For Roses in Pots.
For Mixing with the soil — Use one part of the
Manure to each 100 parts of compost.
For Top Dressing — Apply occasionally during
the growing season at the rate of 1 tea-
spoonful to an 8 in. pot , larger or smaller
pots in proportion.
4 cwts. and over 27/6 per cwt. ; 1 cwt. 29/- ; 561bs. 15/6 ;
261bs. 8,6 : 141bs. 4/9.
Carriage paid on 20j- orders and upwards to any station
in Great Britain.
General Catalogue free on Application.
SOLE MANUFACTURERS—
JOSEPH BENTLEY, Ltd,
eMEMICTSla WORKS,
Barrow-on-Humber, : : Hull.
MANUEES. 35
wider margin between the word enough and an over-
dose. Stable manure is the most easily procured, and
it is undoubtedly the most reliable; but it should never
be used fresh from the stable, except as a top-dressing,
when, with all its long- straw, it is far too untidy, and
makes a Rose border too uninviting. The best condi-
tion in which to apply stable manure is when it has de-
composed enough to cut with a spade. The manure
which formed the bed for a garden frame, or the con-
tenants of last years pit frame is in an ideal state in which
to apply it to the garden. I always used to choose a
time in January when the frost was out of the ground
to fork over all my Rose beds; then I dug out all the
well-rotted stable manure and broke it up, and covered
the surface of the beds to the depth of from two to
three inches, having first dusted down the surface of
the soil with lime or soot. This not only gave a pro-
tection against severe frost, but it caught all the Feb-
ruary rains and formed a steady mulch. By March
much of the manure had washed into the soil, and by
the time of drying winds the surface of the beds had a
grand coat of fibrous matter that conserved the mois-
ture in the soil and still held goodness for April and
May showers. By the beginning of June little was left
except a fine powdery substance that could lightly be
forked in if desired after a further dusting of soot.
Such a treatment is ideal for Roses, and I write as one
Who has tried it with thousands of trees for years. Pig
manure can be treated in the same way, but a little less
should be applied.
Both horse and pig manure are best for heavy
soils. The blacksmith shop also will furnish of hoof
parings, many a good sack of material in which Roses
delight. This should be forked in, and is suitable for
all soils, but more especially heavy land. Hoof pair-
ings last for many years, and the effect of this is most
noticeable on H.P. Roses. The farmyard is to the
Rose grower a perfect gold mine, and, while it supplies
its good things in differing grades, it must be remem-
bered that each has its varied uses and most appro-
36 MANURES.
priate season for application. Cow manure is the
finest manure for digging into all soils, especially if on
the light side ; it is cool, and of a less fiery nature than
pig manure, and the soonest found in a suitable con-
dition for application. Sheep manure is best stored in
coarse sack bags for the rain-water tub to be served
out in liquid form, with soot as a mulch when trees are
showing bud. This should be collected into bags from
the sheepfold when the ground is dry or after frost. It
should be stood in a dry place and kept ready for use
at the end of May, when it should be left to soak in a
tub of water with a bag of soot. Fowl manure is
harder to procure, but in dry weather spade off the
surface of an old fowl-run and store in a dry shed.
This should be broken up and scattered over the sur-
face of the beds in June. Be sparing in its use, for it
is very strong and rapid in its action. It is always
wisest to mix a little soil or leaf-mould with it, to en-
sure an equal distribution. I would strongly advise
that fowl manure be only used with well-established
trees that are making big growth ; scatter evenly over
the surface of the soil, and rake it in very lightly.
Pigeon manure is even stronger than fowl manure, and
should only be sown over the surface. I once nearly
killed a bed of fifty La France trees through too liberal
an application. It is, however, a fine fertiliser, espe-
cially for H.T.s, and if it can be secured there will be
no need to buy artificials. However, it must be kept
very dry, and not allowed to heat. Before applying it
to the soil mix it with leaf-mould, soil, or sand, and
scatter it evenly over the surface ; do not fork, but
rake, it in very lightly. It is very rapid in its action,
and a few days after a storm of rain its effect will be
seen in the growth of your trees. All Guano, which is
bird deposit, should be treated in like manner, although
more liberally, for no guano is as strong as pigeon
manure. It must be remembered that guano is much
older, and often it is collected after many years' ex-
posure to the elements. Some guano even has ceased
to be of great value as a fertiliser, although it will
ever retain many of its valuable plant properties.
MANUEES. 37
Garden refuse, such as cabbage leaves and the
like, are best dug into the soil, for they create Humus,
which, as I have shown, is so necessary to all land.
Leaf mould and burnt ash can be dug in deeply or
forked into the surface of the soil, and there is no
better material to be found anywhere than these two
for improving the rose bed. House manures, such as
night soil and the cesspool, require very careful use,.
for both should be dug in, and also they are very
strong and lasting in their effects. The best way to
treat night soil is to sift some good garden soil and
stack it in a heap, then get a few turfs or bricks, pre-
ferably the former, and build a square of four walls ;
throw in your night soil as this is procured, and each
time cover it with a little of the sifted soil; let this
stand the twelve months, and then at the fall dig it
into the land.
In utilising the products of the cesspool, if your
trees are not planted too close draw out a shallow
trench between the rows and pour in the liquid, cover-
ing up the trench with soil after a liberal application
to ensure the solids being placed under the soil. I
have never found the products of the cesspool toa
strong for established trees when administered in this
way; but if there is any danger, an extra bucket or
two of water to the liquid will settle all doubts. May
and early June are the best months for applying such
liquids, and more than one application can be given
before the trench is filled in. Fish manure and bone-
meal are best dug in at the fall, and in the case of the
former this should only be used for established trees.
The middle of June should see all natural manures
under ground and " everything in the garden lovely.'*
The tub with its bags of soot and sheep manure
will he visited, and many a canful will be given to our
growing trees in diluted form. Evening is the best
time to apply our goods and then forget them for the
day, only living to enjoy the operation of our hands
and to revel in the rewards of a fruitful soil.
Wool Fertilisers
Supplying Food for T*lants
Lighten Heavy Soils and
Hold Moisture on Light Land
IS THE SUBSTITUTE
for
FARMYARD MANURE.
Once Tried ~ Always Used.
Full Particulars from —
L. J. DONNELLY,
PI,*.: 59, Oldhall Street,
CENTRAL 326,. LIVERPOOL.
Photograph by Reginald A. Malby, F.R.P.S.
SOVEREIGN. (Pernetiana.)
B. R. CANT & SONS, 1921.
Photograph by Reginald A. Malby. F.R.P.S.
PRINCESS VICTORIA. (H.T.)
S. McGREDY & SON, 1920.
39
CHAPTER VI.
PLANTING.
" The Rose is the honour and beauty of flowers."
— Anacreon.
In most trade catalogues you will find some
advice as to the planting and the care of
trees upon their arrival from the nurseries,
and such notes are indeed helpful to the amateur
who knows very little about horticulture other
than what is gleaned from trade catalogues or a
gardening paper. Any information is valuable that
tends towards the successful culture of the Rose, and,
although the essence of this chapter is common know-
ledge to most growers, yet experience always counts,
and I have found in life that every one of us can
learn a little more from our neighbours than we already
know. There are two classes of amateurs who buy
Rose trees — those who are enthusiasts and study the
flower, and those possessing gardens, having seen
some varieties at a show or in a neighbour's garden,
decide to grow a few trees, and therefore place an
order. The first man knows the exact place where his
tree has to go when he orders it ; the second buyer
does not trouble so much, knowing only that it will be
planted in the front or back garden, where room can
be found. I have little fears for the success of the
Rose trees with the first man, but with the second I
have grave doubts. " Position is the art of gun-
nery," and so, too, with the Rose; if you do not select
a favourable position she will neither shoot nor burst
into bloom as she ought. In the making of a Rose
garden, it is always wisest to work to a plan no matter
how rough. Choose your site, lay out your Rose
40 PLANTING.
garden or your Rose beds, and prepare your planting"
scheme, mark down exactly where each tree has got to
go, bearing" in mind not only the garden effect, but
also the requirements of the Rose.
If the garden you are laying out is a large one,
my advice is that you order your trees as follows : —
i. Climbers. 2. Standards. 3. Dwarf trees. On
no account have too big a delivery at one time, unless
you have the hands to cope with the careful planting,
staking, labelling, etc. It is a bad plan to keep trees
heeled in too long before planting, or to leave them
tied up in the nursery bundles. I have seen large
bundles of trees delivered, which, owing to frost and
snow, could not be unpacked, and then, when the
weather changed, heeled into trenches prior to plant-
ing, so long that they lost their labels, ana even started
to root. The nurseries, which hold past masters in the
art of packing, make provision for moderate delay in
planting, and place damp moss and litter round the
roots inside the bundle in case frost or snow should
suddenly delay their being put in. The gardener need
only place the bundles in a shed or cellar free from
frost, and, having damped the base of the bundles,
throw one or two sacks over them to make all
safe. Still, the sooner they are unpacked the better,
and the moment the weather breaks the bundles should
be opened, and, wet or fine, a trench should be got out,
and the trees should be placed in it in a leaning posi-
tion, and the roots, together with a third of the tree,
covered with soil, over which should be placed one or
two mats.
When unpacking, use every care, for the trees
cling together, and a disinterested helper is sure to pull
or shake them apart roughly, and so damage the trees.
If you have to heel or trench them in the open before
planting, see that all labels that are attached are shifted
to the tops of the trees. The reason is this : If they
are too low, when earthed up the names will get
obliterated or the labels destroyed. It is not easy in a
large collection to find experts to name every variety
at any stage of growth, and it is most annoying to have
Colour Photo. Copyright. Bees Ltd.
H.T. Rose "Sybil." Award of Merit N.R.S.
BEES LTD., 1921.
A Rose of Stirling worth ; an excellent
Rose for Garden and Bedding purposes
Messrs. BEES Ltd., 175-181 Mill St., Liverpool.
PLANTING. 41
Roses growing- whose names you do not know. My
advice to every g-ardener is to write to John Pinches,
of Crown Buildings, Camberwell, and order his small
" acme " zinc label, which has the name of the Rose
stamped on it in raised letters. This is the best label,
and one of the cheapest upon the market. For a
holder, I advise a device which I invented years ago,
and which, if the grower has the time and possesses a
vice, he can make for himself ; but it is far cheaper to
buy them with the labels. The holder consists of a
piece of thick galvanised wire bent at the top into the
shape of an S, which, if carefully made, allows the
label to hang on the hook formed, and from which it
cannot be blown off or be detached without the wishes
of the grower. This is the simplest and the best label
and holder that I know of, and the only one I ever used.
Avoid the tying on of labels to trees with lead wire, or
string ; they will only get lost in the pruning of the
trees, or they cannot be found when the trees are in
leaf and flower. Planting and labelling should be done
at one and the same time, and if the garden is a Targe
one this will be found to be absolutely necessary to
avoid mistakes. Planting should start with the first
or second week of November, and be finished by the
end of January. You can plant up to March, but it is
not wise, for trees soon start root growth, and if fine
flowers are to be secured in the first year, all trees
should be well settled in their quarters before the early
Spring. Trees planted in March are best pruned just
before planting. This avoids any check that pruning
will give to a tree that is not established. All being-
ready, let us assume that the weather is fine and the
soil in grand condition ; we unpack our bundles as they
arrive and examine each tree for damaged roots. These
must be cut away just above the damaged part ; also
remove any damaged or broken wood on the tree itself.
And now to planting. Climbers come first, and, having
carefully examined the trees, we damp the roots and,
until actually in the soil, keep them covered with a
damp sack from sun or dry winds. Of course, such
care is not necessary on a damp day, when no cold
42 PLANTING.
winds are blowing" or the sun is not powerful. But you
cannot be too careful in this respect. I have seen
gardeners lay out a hundred trees for planting- all in
position, with roots exposed to the air and sun, break
off for lunch, and by the time the last tree was planted
you can realise the state of the roots. Add to this the
uncertainty as to how long a tree has been out of the
ground before it arnvr d, and you will see the necessity
for care. Let u < plant our climbers for arches and
pillars first, and then we will put in our wall climbers.
The reason for this is that the wall climber should be
planted and nailed up at one time, whilst the other
climbers can be planted and tied up roughly, and then
be arranged later if time is pressing. However, it is
wisest to tie in position every shoot as soon as pos-
sible, for, once they start into new growth, if great
care is not taken these tender shoots easily get rubbed
off, and second shoots from the same eye are never so
strong as the first. As regards depth at which to
plant, this, with all trees, should be about the same,
with the exception of standards, which may be planted
a little deeper. If you look at a tree that has come
from the nursery, you will see a soil mark on the stem
showing the depth at which it was planted before, and,
generally speaking, it will be found to be four inches.
This is deep enough so long as the point of union with
stock and bud is just covered when the soil round
the tree has been firmed down and all has been finished.
It must be remembered that every year additional cover-
ing will be added in the nature of manure, which soon
becomes soil. It is dangerous to the life of the tree to
plant too deep. If the budding has been done care-
lessly, so that the point of union is too high up the
stock, it is far safer to leave it above the level of the
soil than plant deep so as to cover it. In any case, get
out a hole to the depth of about six inches, and wide
enough to allow all the roots to rest flat on the bottom ;
spread the roots out so that they rest horizontally in
all directions. Do not let roots run upwards or cram
them in or twist them round the hole to save trouble.
Try and avoid letting roots cross each other; a little
PLANTING. 43
soil will keep them in position until covered. Planting-
is always done better with someone else to help, if only
to hold the tree in position whilst the roots are arranged
and the soil is filled in. After you have covered the
roots with the first spadeful lift the tree slightly by
its branches and jar it gently up and down, to let the
soil filter round the roots and distribute itself amongst
the small fibrous roots. Add a little more soil, and
then firm down with your foot all round, and
fill in with the rest of the soil, and the plant-
ing is accomplished. A good thick pair of
leather garden gloves will save your hands in
this operation, but few gardeners will use them.
However, they are a real help, and if much planting-
has to be undertaken I strongly advise their use, for
you can grip the tree more firmly in raising it up and
down, instead of putting all the force on to one branch.
In the case of standards, dig the hole as before, and
then drive in your stake in the centre of the hole, and
plant it in exactly the same way as already described.
Remember this : never place fresh manure in contact
with the roots of any Rose tree, for it is most harmful ;
bury it beneath or at the side of the tree. One of the
most debatable points in planting is the distance that
one tree should be from another. This depends largely
upon the variety, its growth, and its habit, as also upon
the pruning.
Here the judgment of the grower comes in, for
in laying out his garden he has got to consider the equal
distribution of bloom throughout the year and the
arrangement of his beds.
First let me lay down the law that Rose-beds
should contain only Rose trees; secondly, that they
should be planted as thick as thieves ; and, thirdly,
that they should be subject to general effect ; that is to
say, that, as far as possible, they all be made " to toe
the line," and conform more or less to the usual prun-
ing meted out by exhibitors. If Roses only are grown
in a bed, the trees can be planted closer than if other
small flowers are used to carpet the soil. Roses are
gross feeders, and if you are going to limit their space
44 PLANTING.
you must from time to time top-dress and mulch, else
the soil will soon get impoverished, and your trees
will soon go back. I would never nurse a sick
tree or leave a vacant space unfilled, for not only do
you waste good ground, but you lose a season's plea-
sure in a plant that should have been. If you arrange
your varieties, you can get your trees to conform to a
set space, such as eighteen or twenty inches apart and
sixteen inches between the rows. Keep your strongest
growers to the centre of the bed, and, in the case of
two or only three rows, plant a strong and a shy
grower alternately. Thus Caroline Testout, Her
Majesty, La France, or Margaret Dickson, Merville de
Lyon, Frau-Karl Druschki. It is a little difficult to
lay down any law as to distance between the trees,
for so much depends upon pruning, feeding, and
varieties. It would be absurd to plant a bed to what
you expected every tree to grow. If you want a Rose
garden, let it be for Roses only. You can get Roses to
do almost anything you wish, from climbing a fence to
covering the ground.
THE ROSE GARDEN.
Roses yellow, Roses red,
Roses blushing overhead,
Roses whiter than the snow,
Roses standard, Roses low,
Roses golden, Roses flame,
Roses labelled true to name,
Roses climbing up a wall,
Roses crowning pillar tall,
Roses down the garden edge,
Roses sweet briar in a hedge,
Roses creeping o'er a fence,
Roses small, Roses immense,
Roses perfumed in degree,
Roses hybrid, Roses tea,
Roses ! and no more I'll say,
Save " Roses, Roses, all the way."
— T. G. W. H.
PLANTING. 45
Of course, it may be that you are only moderately
interested in Roses, and that they take a secondary
place in your garden ; I hardly expect this to be the
case, but if it is so, and you want to grow them with
other flowers in the same border, then give them
plenty of room, and do not let tall plants, like Holly-
hocks and Delphiniums, crowd their ground and en-
croach upon their soil, else you will soon lose the lot.
When you have got all your trees planted, and where
necessary tied and staked; when every one has been
labelled, then the soil should be raked over evenly and
a final inspection given. Rough winds will often
loosen your trees, and in this case they must all be
firmed in again, and. if necessary, staked, for no tree
will take root if it is blown about, also the frost will
soon drive down into the soil around the stock.
And now for a few words as to protection against
frost. Most Rose growers advise litter and bracken.
I have tried both. The former is far too unsightly
and untidy; the latter is, in my opinion, none too cer-
tain a protection. I strongly advise Nature's natural
covering — leaves — and plenty of them. Do not be
afraid to pile them on, and then scatter soil over them
to keep them down and from blowing about over the
garden. Leaves soon decay, and by April they can
either be removed or left to incorporate with the soil.
For standards, leaves again, should be tied loosely
around the bud or union with raffia. I will not perplex
the grower with all sorts of alternatives, for most
entail labour, and few are effective. Stick to leaves,
that can be found anywhere and used with ease, that
do not look unsightly or spoil the effect of a well-
planned garden even in winter. If the frost is severe,
draw them well round your trees, and you will find
that they will preserve them when everything else will
fail.
THE LATE PLANTING OF ROSE TREES.
In a thousand cases we often find the most careful
gardener anxious to plant long after the season for
this operation is passed, and the majority, fearing
46 PLANTING.
failure, hesitate to undertake what often is thought to
be but an interesting experiment. Rose books up to
the present have not handled this delicate subject with
anything- like the thoroughness it demands, and there
is ample room for fresh literary efforts in this direc-
tion. Scarcely has February come in when, as is
reasonable and proper, the planting of Rose trees
wanes, and in a matter of days ceases altogether. The
construction of gardens desired is left to another year,
and varieties required, but thought of long after our
-lanting was completed, are not ordered, owing to the
fact that we fear to court disaster. Experience by
way of numerous experiments alone can furnish us
with the information we seek before we can bring our-
selves to not only part with good money, but also risk
our reputation as a gardener.
Indeed, in these days, when Roses are so cheap, I
think the latter consideration is, to the majority, the
one cause why Roses we love or would prove are not
planted. For my part, I have always held to the old
motto, " Faint heart never won fair lady," and I have
willingly courted failure on the chance of success. It
was in April, 1915, that, at the very end of the month,
after a visit to the National Rose Society's Spring
Show at the R.H.S., I was seized with the desire to
plant a small bed with Hybrid Tea Roses. Almost
laughingly I broached the subject to Mr. Prior, of
Colchester, who promised, if I would take all the risk,
to send me some trees, provided, also, I left the selec-
tion of varieties to him. This we agreed, and on
May ist " my trees " arrived by parcel post nicely
packed in damp moss, and already pruned and ready
for planting, which operation was carried out the same
morning. By the end of July I was gathering Roses
from all the trees with the exception of one, which,
although it made a desperate effort to live, succumbed
before June was well in.
At least two of the Roses I picked were exhibition
blooms, which will testify to the robustness of the trees
after so short a period of rest. That which I have
narrated sounds very much like one of the miracles of
PLANTING. 47
ancient days, but it is, in reality, only what Nature,
when carefully considered, is prepared to do for us all.
Such trees as I received would have to be lifted from
their original position in the nursery and moved from
time to time until sent out. They would have to be
kept in the coldest part of the ground, and also be late
varieties. When sent for planting they would all be
pruned rather hard, and from the day they were selected
until the day they had been planted and ceased flower-
ing- the roots would have to be kept moist. Much, of
course, would depend upon the soil for success, and
the loam should be gritty and light, the surface, if
possible, being covered with a layer of about three
inches of old hotbed manure, to prevent undue evapora-
tion, and also form a mulch every time they were
watered, which should be the only sti«nulant that they
will receive.
Frequent watering, especially to late-planted trees,
is a necessity. We hardly realise what a thirsty tree
the Rose is, and, provided the drainage is good, it is
difficult to give it too much. Again, when the foliage
is matured, in hot, dry weather, when the sun is low,
it should be syringed occasionally, as this helps to keep
the tree in a healthy condition, and certainly imparts
additional vigour. Do not let late-planted trees be too
prolific the first year, it weakens the trees. For this
reason you must disbud as closely as possible and rest
content with few Roses. Even these are better cut
when matured, and, if not, the moment they die the
dead blooms should be removed.
Late-planted trees, as a rule, are more liable to
suffer from green fly and mildew than those that have
been planted early, or that are established and not
having as yet the same vigour, are often seriously
affected. But, no matter what the onslaught avoid
using strong insecticides. If the hand or a brush will
not remove the scourge, then syringe with Abol, and
tter some hours again with clear water. Such treat-
ment, if applied a few times, should remove the trouble
bvery chance must be given to late-planted trees to
ripen new wood, and for this reason in the autumn it
48 PLANTING.
is advisable to remove any overplus of shoots and to
take out weakly growths.
In all your operations with the late or very late
planted tree you must remember that you are taking- a
risk, and that you are demanding of Nature an especial
effort; therefore, you, for your part, must do all In
your power to assist her, and I doubt not but that your
every care will be repaid. I have given an extreme
instance of very late planting, and, although I would
not advise it as a practice, yet the question does pre-
sent itself, " How late can I safely plant? " Well,
without considering any qualifications, such" as the
nature of the soil, the aspect or varieties, I would
roughly give to the end of the second week in the
month of March for H.P.s and other early kinds, and
to the end of Mar»h or the first week of April for H.T.s
and T.s. But, good reader, like the nurseryman who
supplied me with trees, I, too, would say " taking all
risks," and also would add " taking every care." An
early season may make a little difference in the date,
but it is only a matter of a day or so, and by the time
you wish to plant will easily have been discerned.
If you have no particular choice, I would strongly
advise you to leave the selection of varieties to the
nursery you favour, as so much will depend upon the
position that the trees occupy in the ground, and also
if they have been lifted already.
So much for the ordinary planting late in the year
of Rose trees. Space will not admit of elaboration of
the principles I have laid down, or their consideration
in respect to certain varieties ; but before we close this
chapter it is essential that we consider briefly yet one
other method — namely, the transference of pot trees
into the open ground at any time of the year. Failures
we are certain to have, in addition to the usual mor-
tality that takes place every year in almost every Rose
garden, and there is no better way to obliterate them
than by keeping a few pot Roses to fill up gaps or
stand in readiness until some late-formed border is
made ready.
Photograph by UeKimild A. Malby, F.H.l'.S.
PRINCE OF WALES.
W. EASLEA 1921.
Photograph lent by Wm. Paul & Son.
MILKY WAY.
WM. PAUL & SON.
49
CHAPTER VII.
PRUNING-
" May'st thou long sweet crimson gem
Richly deck thy nature stem."
— Burns.
"To be or not to be? That is the question."
Often and often I have repeated these words when look-
ing doubtfully at a tree that I was pruning. The
greatest expert is often perplexed as to whether or no
a bough shall be removed or shortened only ; whether a
tree should be lightly or heavily pruned.
It is not only a question of variety, but the health
and shape of a tree, that determines our decision. The
very position of the buds upon a bough will often per-
plex us, especially on long-jointed wood. My advice
to all is, cut twice rather than risk an irreparable mis-
take. In pruning you have a threefold object in view :
i. The health of the tree. 2. The production of perfect
flowers. 3. The shape of the tree. Your pruning shall
decide for you the extent of your successes in the Rose
world. There is no more important operation in the
life of a Rose tree than its pruning, and great care and
judgment is required so as to get the best out of every
tree. There is always something to learn, for no two
Roses are quite alike, and their trees will often differ in
habit of growth on various soils.
I well remember going into a cottager's garden
near Bath to see and advise the owner on his trees, and
I was amazed to find a " White Maman Cochet," vir-
tually unpruned for years, about seven feet high, doing
well and carrying a mass of huge exhibition flowers
that any nurseryman would have been proud to own.
This was no climber, but a bush tree run riot, a tree that
50 PEUNING.
under ordinary circumstances every grower would have
cut back to four or five eyes each year. It taught me
a lesson, and has made me more sparing with the
knife and secateurs ever since.
When cutting- back a tree I always look at the
name, for so much depends upon the variety as to
light or heavy pruning, some throwing their best bloom
from the top eyes, others from the middle, and many
more from the bottom.
The correct time of year for the pruning of Rose
trees has always been a debatable point with expert
growers, and Autumn -versus Spring, with a Summer's
thinning out of wood, is a nice point for considera-
tion.
In November the flow of sap has practically
ceased, and the roots are at rest; thus a wound made
by cutting does no harm ; it neither bleeds nor causes a
root check owing to the restricted flow of sap. In the
case of newly planted trees the problem becomes more
acute, for it is a well-known fact that in November
root action is nearly still ; but in March new roots are
being formed, and growth has started. Indeed, trees
planted as late as the end of March should always be
pruned at planting. Why? Not to save time, but
because root growth has started, and the newly planted
tree, not being settled, is likely to have its roots tried
too high before they are strong enough to bear the
strain of a tree being blown about by a rough wind or
of a check in the flow of sap at such a tander age. If,
then, our policy in respect of late-planted trees is
correct, why not pursue the same at the correct plant-
ing season, November, and further extend it to all
trees moved or unmoved at this season of the year?
To me the answer is apparent, and the problem is
solved. What you can safely do one year in our un-
certain climate, you cannot be sure of being able to
do the following. One year we can gather Roses
growing in the open until Christmas, and the next
opens up with severe frosts and snow, and all our trees
PRUNING. 51
are leafless and the ground frost-bound. The period
of rest is deoendent upon climate, and ours is most
uncertain. A pruned tree until frosts are over is in
greater danger than one that is unpruned, simply be-
cause if it starts into growth too early and the shoots
get cut it has less dormant buds to fall back on, for all
trees start to break from the top and work downwards.
If a mild winter should start a tree into early growth
and the top shoots be cut by frost, it does not matter,
for the top will be cut away in any case, and the lower
buds, being still dormant, the tree is safe. It must be
remembered that, as a rule, the best flower-buds are
produced from the middle and lower buds, so that if
these are cut with frost owing to too early develop-
ments, there is a loss, even if the tree is sound. No
two varieties are quite alike, but most ®f them follow
the general habits of their class in respect of the time
of year in which they put forward new growth. Thus
we find Wichuraiana Roses in winter pushing forward
new growth when the Teas, Hybrid Teas, and Hybrid
Perpetuals are dormant, and in mild weather in the
winter the Noisette and Tea Roses have started into
growth when the Provence and Moss Roses have not
moved. Great discretion should be used at all times,
not only as to the time of year in which a class or
group of Roses should be pruned, but also in the
pruning of some of their varieties. Roses are like
children, some are stronger than others, and, although
of the same family, yet one will take after the habits of
the father and another after the mother, or even follow
those of a more distant relative. I am a great believer
in heredity in all orders of creation, and nothing shows
it quicker than the constitution of a subject.
If, then, we consider carefully the subject, and do
not content ourselves with a general date for all prun-
ing (much like Good Friday in the West Country is
selected, early or late, wet or fine, for the first planting
of potatoes) we shall study the requirements of each
class and variety, and, taking the season into considera-
tion, we shall prune accordingly. My experience is
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PEUNING. 53
this, that in this country early Spring is the safest time
for all finished pruning-. You may thin out in the
Summer, shorten and thin out in the Autumn ; in the
Winter, if the weather is mild, shorten slightly an odd
bough or two and remove dead wood ; but for all
pruning as a final operation early Spring is the safest
season of the year for all trees.
Before we deal further with the actual pruning of
Rose trees, a word or two here on the implements to
be used seems in season. I do not wish to lay down
the law to anyone, but as regards the use of knife or
secateur, I have no hesitation whatsoever in advocating
the use of the secateur in preference to the knife. I
would even go further, and condemn the use of the
knife for general pruning, except in the hands of
experts.
The reasons are obvious. No matter how sharp
a knife may be, there is always the drag or pull on the
branch that you are cutting, also on the tree, with the
great danger of fracturing a branch at its joint or even
tearing it from the tree. With a knife two hands
should be used, one to hold the bough steady, the other
to cut. Now, in the first place, if you have a lot of
pruning to do, this is a great waste of energy, and you
will soon tire at your work. The knife should be
sharpened often to keep a keen edge, and every care
taken each time to make a clean and not too slanting a
cut. No ! Men may argue, as they will, and espe-
cially the old-fashioned, but you cannot beat the
secateur. In point of time a man can prune three or
five trees with the secateurs as against one with the
knife. You cannot hurry the knife without danger to
the tree, but with the secateurs you may speed up your
work at will, for there is no drag, and the use of one
hand only allows you a better and quicker view of your
work. There are many makes of secateurs upon the
market, and I have used nearly all, but the two best
are the Elliott Pruner and Company's " Plucca "
pruner and Mr. A. A. Jardine's " Medoc Secateurs."
Both of these pruners have attachments of great value,
and they are both a blessing to the gardener.
54 PBUNING.
The " Plucca " pruners, or secateurs, enables the
gatherer of flowers or fruit to reach out and cut with
one hand a bloom or fruit, the secateurs retaining" it in
position in perfect safety until the hand is drawn in.
This saves a lot of stepping- on the well-dug- border
and much damag-e when a flower or fruit is only just
within reach. For g-eneral purposes, the small attach-
ment is easily taken off, and when the heavy pruning is
done it can be replaced. The shape is correct and the
grip perfect, which means so much when you have a
heavy day's work to get through. I have very little
use for the parrot-billed secateurs with the rounded
points to their blades, for in cutting- small wood they
are far too clumsy, and you cannot work quick enough.
In Mr. C. A. Jardine's " Medoc " secateurs we have
the perfect Rose-pruner without the " serpette " or
knife attachment, so invaluable for vines and fruit
trees. Indeed, if there is much heavy work to be done
amongst climbers and old cut-backs, the knife attach-
ment will prove of great help, and in the preparing- of
standard briars from the hedgerow a real boon. For
myself, however, I prefer Mr. Jardine's pruner in size
No. 9, with the " serpette " or knife removed, for Rose-
pruning, but replaced for the pruning of fruit trees.
Armed with a pair of either of the above makes, a
grower can get through nearly all his work, and if he
does come across wood too strong for the secateurs,
which is seldom — for the No. 9, like the famous mili-
tary pill, does most things — he must use his knife to
help him out. I have no use for the saw, be it ever so-
sharp, pointed, and fine; indeed, I believe much harm
is often done by its use on Rose trees, for, be as careful
as you will, it is very hard not to graze the bark.
So much for pruning implements. And now as to
their use in the Rose garden on the various varieties of
the Queen of Flowers.
For the guidance of the amateur, I consider it
simplest to treat of pruning under the following head-
ings : The pruning of Climbers, Pillars, Garden Roses,
Weeping Roses, Standards, Dwarfs.
PEUNING- 55
CLIMBERS.
How few growers when they receive their trees
from the nursery in the middle of November ever con-
sider after they have planted them that all the climbing
varieties within fourteen to sixteen weeks will have to
be cut back. As a rule, we find the grower nailing up,
and tying in position, every shoot and rod, and when
March comes in no secateurs or knife touches a tree
on which at planting time he has bestowed so much
care. I sympathise with him, for it is to the un-
initiated a great act of faith to cut away often from
four to six feet of growth, and in the very place where
it is most wanted, then to wait for long months before
the tree so hardly done by covers the same space with
luxuriant growth. To this day, I must confess, I have
often left one, and sometimes two, small rods, as
countrymen say, " to draw the sap "; but if, with my
knowledge, I did but confess it, it was because I
wanted in the early Spring to see some foliage on a
bare arch or wall, pillar, or fence to cheer me, and give
evidence of the good things to come.
It is wrong, good reader, for if you desire a strong,
healthy tree the same law holds good with newly
planted climbers as with dwarfs. I am always very
merciful in cutting back, and have found in a severe
Spring it has paid. Most experts advise the cutting
back to two or three eyes, but four to six is safer, and
so rapid is the growth that if the top shoots are cut
you have the lower eyes, that will soon break and take
their place. If the situation is very sheltered and pro-
tection is given against frost and cutting winds, three
to four eyes alone can be left. After the first year
close pruning will not again be resorted to except for
Roses grown under glass, which are treated of in
another chapter. The second and third year will con-
sist of tying in new wood and the thinning out of
weakly growths, but much will depend upon the site
to be covered. In the case of a wall, outward eyes
will be chosen, and every effort made to bend down
branches into a horizontal position. This is best done
the second year, the rods or shoots being shortened
THE MEDOC AND GUIENNE
SECATEURS.
With " serpette " and blades guaranteed made from
the finest Sheffield Shear Steel, are the most efficient
of pruning tools.
They supersede all other secateurs
Careless pruning and neglect to make the cuts
clean, close and flush with the growing branches is
the cause of unhealthy roses. The Medoc Secateurs
eliminate all dead wood by hastening the process of
callusing, because the "serpette," following the use of
the secateur, cuts close and clean, whereas all secateurs
bruise to some extent delaying callusing and inviting
dead or dying wood.
For the rosarian who does his own pruning, Avhether
standards, bush, climbing or rambler roses, the Medoc
is The Tool and when proficiency has been gained, a
sheer delight to use.
Blades renewable, handles faced polished horn,
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pruning saw for cutti ng dead or green wood, inseparable
from the secateurs, 4/- post free.
Mr. C. A. JARDINE, F.R.H.S
Horticultural C nsultant and Expert,
86, Lavender Hill London, S.W.ll.
RITO for ROSES.
D 1TO is particularly adapted for Rose Growing. It takes
the place of farmyard manure and is much easier to get
round the roots of the trees. It provides the humus that
farmyard manure usually supplies and is a big feeder of the
useful soil bacteria. It breaks down the potash and phos-
phates in the soil, making them available for the roots. It can be used by
itself or in addition to phosphates. Rito supplies gradually the necessary
nitrogen.
RITO is equally suitable for all kinds of garden, greenhouse and
allotment produce. It is manufactured under Royal Letters Patent by —
THE MOLASSINE COMPANY LIMITED, Greenwich, S.E. 10
PRUNING. 57
according to wall space to be covered. If the eyes
break well along- the rod, alternate eyes can be rubbed
out to secure fewer and stronger snoots equally dis-
tanced along- the main rod. Many wall climbers, like
Devoniensis, climbing K. A. Victoria, and Gloire de
Dijon, race away, and fail to break at the lower eyes.
If, therefore, the wall space is limited, and the grower
does not wish to shorten the rods, a good plan is to
unnail them, and at their period of growth lay them
lengthways almost upon the ground. I find it best for
safety to tie the rods to two or three short stakes
driven into the ground. This horizontal position will
cause the lower eyes to break, and when the shoots are
two or three inches long the tree can be tied back into
position. To promote quick growth the trees should
be copiously watered and sprayed.
The cutting away of all dead wood and the re-
moval of weakly shoots is the most important pruning
operation with climbers. Even the Wichurainas and
their hybrids need less pruning than is usually meted
out to them. I have seen rods as thick as one's finger
put out half-way up old wood of many years' growth.
The young wood is what we want, and if the tree is
crowded with old wood it must be cut out ; in any case
remove all weakly shoots and dead wood, and see that
sturdy rods are tied in and given plenty of air and
space. Large trusses of bloom are only secured from
strong new growth, and for this reason exhibitors often
sacrifice too much old wood. I should cut many
times before I removed a possible attraction to an arch.
Remember, too, young rods often catch a late frost
and get frost-bitten ; the black patch on the tender
shoot soon becomes a death wound, and the tree of
promise has to be shorn of hopeful rods before even
others are in bloom. Try always to keep a certain pro-
portion of old wood, even if the space is a little crowded.
When cutting back, cut to a quarter of an inch above
an eye or a joint in the wood.
PILLARS.
A pillar Rose is, after all, a semi-climbing rose,
and although climbers are used for tall pillars in the
58 PEUNING.
garden, yet there is little difference in their pruning.
The object of a pillar Rose is to secure a mass of bloom
from base to top, and this is best done by shortening
the rods each year, or, in the case of pliant shoots, by
coiling them spirally round the pillar, thus causing a
greater number of eyes to break at equal intervals.
There is great care needed in the selection of varieties
for pillars ; for, while many climbing varieties can be
used for tall pillars, only a few are available for really
well-displayed dwarf pillars. A too rampant variety
soon outgrows a small pillar, even when twisted round
it many times, and after the first year it will get so
choked that it will have to be nearly all cut back, which
entails an enormous amount of work and care.
Try and keep as many branches as possible on the
pole selected for your pillar Roses, for these are most
necessary for careful tying in, and the avoiding of a
tree becoming too congested. In cutting off the
boughs of a pillar pole, leave them graduated in lengths
from one foot six to six inches. If the pillar is a good
size, this will allow of two varieties being planted to a
pillar to give a longer continuance of bloom, or to give
a mixed colour effect.
GARDEN ROSES.
I do not like the name or classification, and con-
sider it to be most misleading. The term " Garden
Roses " came into being with the advent of the
H.P.s and Teas, and it was given to distinguish good
exhibition varieties from older kinds, such as the
Damask, French, Moss Roses, and others of a free-
growing nature. The term Garden Rose is used to
denote all those kinds that are strong in growth and
free flowering, and that, requiring little pruning, can
be massed for effect, such as Betty, Corallina, La
Tosca, Marie Van Houtte, Viscountess Folkestone, and
other varieties, old and new. Pruning has had much
to do with the term, for many so-called " Garden
Roses," if pruned hard, are exhibition kinds, but when
pruned lightly are generous with smaller blooms, and
PRUNING. 59
make good bushes. It must not be thought that
pruning can in any way be neglected because larger
bushes are sought for, or because quantity is preferred
to quality. On the contrary, greater care is needed to
shape the trees and to prune for quantity of bloom.
We employ what we will term long pruning, that is,
the cutting back of all last year's wood, so as to leave
a goodly number of the middle eyes to a rod or shoot,
according to its variety, or even class.
All weakly shoots are cut back to one or two eyes
at the base, and the centre of the tree is thinned out
and kept as open as possible. In pruning, the eye we
cut to is invariably an outside eye. This prevents the
tree from becoming congested and the crossing of
branches. In the pruning of old and neglected trees, it
pays to be severe. Having cut out all dead wood and
weakly shoots, shorten first of all, shoots, to half their
length, and then start your careful pruning;
that is, consider the future shape of the tree,
and cut back to two, three, or four eyes
accordingly. Severe pruning on an old tree,
if healthy, should produce vigorous shoots that
will soon carry an abundance of flower. The pruning
of Garden Roses is the school for Rose growers, be-
cause so much latitude can be given in the cutting away
of wood. Results can be watched and varieties studied
without the possible loss of an exhibition flower
through being too merciful in pruning. As we have
said, we are growing for a mass of flowers, and the
varieties we plant are calculated to give the desired
effect. These will include Summer and Autumn-flower-
ing trees ; and here let me impress upon the grower
the great necessity of removing Summer flowers as
•soon as they are over. This helps forward the
Autumn crop, and does not allow the tree to get ex-
hausted. Thin out malformed buds and sickly shoots,
cut off every other day dead flowers, removing as few
leaves in Ihe operation as possible ; this will help the
new wood to form and ripen early for Autumn flower-
ing, and also to withstand the early frosts.
60 PEUNING.
WEEPING ROSES.
Weeping" Roses are vigorous climbing' varieties
with drooping" habit, such as Dorothy Perkins,
Hiawatha, Minnehaha, Ruby Queen, and many others.
These are budded on to tall briars of from six to nine
feet high, and are pruned so as to secure growth in
umbrella shape reaching to the ground. I have seen
Helene " budded on to an eight-foot standard and
trained to form a bower of Roses that you could com-
fortably sit under.
To form a good weeping Rose you must have a
wire trainer, such as is supplied by John Pinches, of
Crown Street, Camberwell. This enables you to tie
in the shoots and to keep them in place at equal dis-
tance round the tree, drooping towards the ground.
It is also a protection against severe winds, which may
easily blow the head off so tall a stem. Having
planted your weeper to a tall stake crowned with your
wire trainer, prune back all shoots to about one-third
their length, or less. I have always found it wisest to
be able to bend down and tie in a portion of the first
year's wood, and not to risk too severe a pruning, such
as the cutting back to three or four eyes, which I con-
sider unnecessary with many of the rampant growers.
Still, prune you must, and remove weakly shoots at
planting. The second year's growth should be tied in,
and, while the main shoots are only shortened, say,
from six inches to a foot, or a little more, according to
the growth and shape of the tree, all the laterals should
be pruned to secure abundance of bloom right to the
ground. The object is to get main shoots to the
ground and keep them there, and not cut them back
again. It is quite sufficient to thin out and remove
dead wood until the tree gets too old, when it may be
cut back and entirely new growth encouraged.
STANDARDS.
In pruning standards and half-standards every-
thing depends upon the variety and its habit of growth,
for, while you desire a shapely head, yet bloom is the
first consideration. Close pruning is essential the first
Colour Photo. Copyright. Bees Ltd.
Polyantha Rose "Dorothy Howarth."
BEES LTD., 1921.
Of all the Polyantha Roses, this variety is
one of the most distinctive and reliable.
Messrs. BEES Ltd., 175-181 Mill St., Liverpool.
PRUNING. 61
year, and shoots should be cut back to lengths con-
taining from three to six eyes.
The amateur will understand how difficult it is to
fix exactly the number of eyes that should be left,
owing to the fact that nearly every variety differs in its
length of wood between the eyes, some varieties being
so long-jointed that eyes are hard to find, in which
case always cut above a joint ; never mind the look of
the tree. I have proved that trees with very long-
jointed wood have a tendency to die back quicker than
those with short joints. After the first year the shape
of the tree will be the great consideration, and for this
reason extra care must be exercised in the cutting to
an inside or an outside eye in hard or liberal pruning.
In the case of inside or outside eyes not being re-
quired, it is wisest to rub these out rather than after-
wards to remove a well-formed shoot.
This so-called disbudding is not practised enough,
and for this reason few standards have really well-
shaped heads.
DWARFS.
I have not so much advice to give in re-
spect to the pruning of dwarf trees as one
might imagine, for a great deal that I have
already said applies. General hints, however,
are more necessary in their case, and to begin
with I will once more impress my readers with the
great necessity of labelling all trees. " A Ros,e by
any other name would smell as sweet," but its name
in the family is more important than its family name
when pruning is in operation. Also, even if the name
does not interest you, yet your friends will want to
know it. In the Winter and early Spring you may
desire to move a tree to another part of the garden,
and if you know nothing about it you are lost as to its
best position, and also its pruning. Granted you
know every name and have little experience as to
pruning, you need not hesitate to start, for even if
you do err on the side of leniency, you will not spoil
your trees. When, then, you have planted and the
Spring comes round, accept the general rule — weakly
62 PEUNING.
trees want harder pruning" than strong", vigorous
kinds. I know it seems absurd, but it is so, and the
reason is simply this — that weakly trees can only
support one or two eyes in strong shoots, whilst
vigorous trees can support more, and will ever try to
do so before they make good flower. Cut back your
Teas to start with to four or five eyes, and your H.T.s
to five or six, and your H.P.s the same. Remember
frost may rob you of your first shoots, and it is wisest
to be on the safe side, unless you are anxious to ex-
hibit certain varieties well. In any case, I write for
the masses, and I have found that the media via is
always the wisest course to pursue. Established trees,
or, as they are commonly termed, " cut-backs," will
require more careful pruning-, and if they have made
good wood they can stand cutting back hard to three
or four eyes. Some varieties, like " Her Majesty,"
take time to plump up the eyes, and there is little risk
in cutting back early; others on examination will be
found to almost have started; such require late prun-
ing, and then not too severe. Experience is our great
guide, and many an amateur who reads these hints
will be able to advise the writer on certain varieties.
Most of us have much to learn, and few can afford to
dispense with the observation and experience of a
brother rosarian, be he amateur or professional. Be-
fore closing my advice on pruning, I must add a few
lines as to Autumn bloom and Summer cutting of
Roses. If a heavy crop of Autumn Roses is desired,
the grower must remove immediately, after flowering,
all Roses and superfluous buds, and even Summer
buds if the Autumn crop is of paramount importance.
Do not cut away too many leaves when gathering-
flowers. I tremble for the trees when I see the fair
sex gathering Roses. Never would I allow anyone to-
touch my trees ; no, not even my most favoured
friend.
And she asks to cut a Rose,
Watch her well, and see
Lest the length of stem impose
Too much on the tree. — T. G. W. H.
Photograph by Reginald A. Malby. F.R.P.S.
LOS ANGELES. (H.T.)
HOWARD SMITH, 1916.
Photograph by Reginald A. Malby, F.E.P.S.
BANKSIA lutea. (Banksia.)
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1834.
CHAPTER VIII.
STOCKS.
"And in the midst of briars it blows
Just like Love !" — CAMOENS.
No Rose book could be complete unless it (had
its chapter on stocks, and yet how many amateurs
ever give the growing of stocks a second thought? A
few standard briars dug from some neighbouring
hedge is generally the limit of experience, or possibly
a few dwarf stocks from a nursery. With many, of
course, space is the controlling factor, and every yard
of ground is jealously guarded, but not a few have
room enough and to spare for dozens of standard
briars and hundreds of dwarf stocks.
A little trouble, a little care, and how large a
return ! Any woodman or farm hand will be only too
pleased to get you a few good standards, and what
is to hinder you from gathering seed pods and grow-
ing your own seedlings, or from preparing and plant-
ing your own cuttings? Even Rose growers in large
towns can graft and bud a few stocks ; it will be a
real source of pleasure, and although many may not
make a regular yearly practice of it, yet it is good to
have the knowledge and power to be able yourself
to propagate the Queen of Flowers by various
methods.
There are, of course, a great variety of stocks ;
indeed, there is no reason why any wild Rose growing
in this country or abroad should not be used ; but in
most cases they are unsuited, and for various reasons
such as habit of growth, constitution and difficulties
in propagation, they fail to be of value to the trader.
€4 STOCKS.
A whole volume could be written upon the wild Roses
of this country and abroad, and it would make a most
interesting" study to follow the hybridization of wild
varieties alone. Indeed, a garden devoted to a col-
lection of all the known wild Roses of the world would
be of deep interest. What could be more beautiful
than our own wild varieties of the Dog Rose? But I
hardly ever remember seeing it cultivated in any Rose
garden, although it forms the foster-parent to nearly
all our beautiful introductions. There are limits, and
this book, like the modern Rose garden, is for practi-
cal purposes. For this reason I have not burdened
the reader with a list of possible stocks, their nature
and habits, but have taken only these tested and
found most suitable for all requirements. These are
the Dog Rose, the De La Grifferaie, the Manetti and
the Laxa. For all-round purposes you cannot equal
the old Dog Rose, from which may be had weepers,
standards, cuttings and seedlings ; and although the
Manetti is a popular stock with many growers, yet its
value lies principally in its use as a stock for Roses
forced for market under glass, and H.P.s grown for
exhibition purposes that do best as maidens.
The De La Grifferaie is a splendid stock for Tea-
scented and Chinese Roses that are to be grown in
pots, and cuttings are generally struck in the autumn
for this purpose.
The Laxa, like the De La Grifferaie, is a good
stock for Tea Roses, and is much used in some of our
nurseries, but for general purposes we cannot beat
the wild Dog Rose of the British Isles, and on this
stock and the Manetti most of our Roses are budded.
Good standard briars can be got from hedges that
have not been cut and layed, and in digging them out
every care should be taken to secure good roots.
Armed with leather gloves, a graft or narrow spade,
a stock axe or, as it is called in some counties, a
grub axe, a pair of secateurs or a heavy knife, and a
STOCKS. 65
ball of strong twine, we sally forth in the late autumn
to fields we visited during- the summer days where we
marked down good standards or weeping briars grow-
ing in all their glory. Having cleared tfie way with
our secateurs, we proceed to dig round trTe stem with
care, and soon discover how our prize is rooted. As
a rule on heavy land fibrous roots are few, and the
main root runs to a great depth. It is not necessary
to follow the tap root far, but only to cut it at about
five inches deep, and when you get your briars home
for planting this tap or main root will be again
shortened to about three inches, and the rough cut of
the stock or grub axe will be replaced by the clean
cut of a knife, made so that the cut lying flat on the
soil will throw out a liberal supply of fibrous roots.
When you get your standard briars out of the
hedge or from the open glades of a wood, cut them
as long as possible and tie them up in bundles of six.
As you move on you do not want to be hampered with
more than it is absolutely necessary to carry ; there-
fore lay each bundle in a ditch, making careful notes
as to what you have, and then on the return journey
gather up all your spoils, and tying them into large
bundles, wend your weary way home. Avoid the
frosty day for your expeditions, and as you secure
each bundle of six, cover up the roots with grass or
leaves to keep them from the frost or drying winds.
You may easily miss the spot where you have laid a
bundle, and if the roots are covered up it will be safe
until the next day. In selecting your standards choose
only two to four year old stems ; these are easily
judged by their growth and bark. Avoid any cankered
wood, and if an old stock is secured by reason of its
height or stem, try to save every fibrous root you can
to ensure its growing after being transplanted, which
should be before the end of the year.
First year wood is too tender, and is best left
growing for another season, since it is most liable,
after transplanting, to be cut with frost. It must be
66 STOCKS.
remembered that briars are taken often from the
natural shelter of the hedge or wood, and are planted
out in the open to face the winter, and this, alter hav-
ing been cut back root and branch, is a most severe
test for any tree. I often think such valuable stocks
receive but scant attention until they are budded, and
many growers deserve to lose far more than they do.
After gathering your stocks they are best planted
in rows, allowing a foot between each stock and three
feet between the rows. I find it wisest to drive in a
strong stake at the end of each row, and one or more
along the rows in line, and then to strain two strands
of galvanised wire at the top and middle from end to
end. To these strands I tie my briars. It keeps them
from being blown about by rough winds, which are
most harmful when they are putting out new roots.
If half standard briars are got from the hedgerow,
another strand of wire will be necessary at about one
foot from the ground, for you will cut all your half
standard stocks to 2 or 2\ feet in length. It is a very
good plan to try and cut your stocks to fixed lengths,
such as 2, 4 and 6 feet; few people do it, but when
your trees are formed and ready to transplant it will
make all the difference to the look of your garden if
you can match them in height.
A row of ill-matched standards reminds one of
the " Awkward Squad," and certainly spoils the effect
of a straight edge to a well-made path or bed.
In planting your briars when taken from the gar-
den or nursery, do not plant too deep ; six inches
works out at a good uniform depth. You should only
have the " collar," that is the point where root merges
into stem, three inches below the surface of the soil.
Of course, unless tied to a stake or strands of wire,
this would not be deep enough to support a stock or
tree against a rough wind until it was well rooted ;
but it is the natural depth, and if you exceed it you
will in all probability loose your tree.
STOCKS. 67
The hedgerow will teach you your planting-
lessons, for although roots run deep, yet the " collar "
is seldom found far under ground, unless in the hedg-
ing and ditching of a bank it has been cove'red, wihen
it will be noticed that the additional soil seldom has
settled close around the stock. When your standard
briars break in the spring and produce buds, all
should be rubbed out except three, or possibly four,
at the top ; you need only bud two of the shoots ; but
if one bud fails to take, you have another shoot to fall
back on, and it can always be cut away if not wanted.
So much depends upon the briar, that it is hard to lay
down any rule. If two vigorous shoots are put out
at the top of a briar more or less at opposite sides,
these will suffice the expert, and the stock will flourish
and build up good head and root growth.
But if three shoots are formed triangularly, I like
it the better, and have always left and budded the
three. In a nursery, of course, it means more buds,
more time, and greater expense. Two buds will often
do as well as three, but on a vigorous briar, root
growth and flow of sap are two all-important factors
to success.
Cut down your flow of sap and you check your
root growth ; check your root growth and at an early
stage you harm your tree. That is why it is wisest on
a backward briar to leave a little more growth than
you require, and to nurse even a weak shoot in the
hopes that it will draw the sap and soon give place to
a good plump bud that shall form a shoot worth
having.
All suckers must be cut away unless, of course,
the briar has not moved to bud, and seems unlikely to
do so, when as is often the case a sturdy sucker will
make a good standard if cared for, and in two years
be fit to bud.
Briar Cuttings, that is, cuttings of the Dog Rose ;
these may be taken at the end of October. They are-
€8 STOCKS.
cut into lengths of about ten inches, and they are
taken without a heel ; that is, they are not cut to a
joint in the wood, which although it ensures a greater
percentage of cuttings rooting, is a constant source
of suckers. Briar cuttings, unlike Rose strikings,
should be taken from the ripest wood procurable of
the year's growth ; choose straight pieces without
lateral growth, and cut to an eye. Having secured as
many as you require, remove all thorns, make a clean
cut at the bottom of the cutting, then cut out all eyes
except the top two : this is most essential, as if planted
with the eyes left in, nearly every other eye would
grow out and form a sucker. There is a lot of trouble
in the selecting and making of a suitable cutting, and
I think, apart from the experiment, it is far simplest
to purchase what you require from a nursery. How-
ever, it is a good experience, and every grower should
be able to prepare and grow his stocks from start to
finish. When all is ready, dig out your trench and
set your cuttings three inches apart from each other,
and not less than one foot between the rows. Make
the soil as firm as possible round all the cuttings, and
when your planting is finished the lower eye should be
just about level with the top of the soil. Given a good
season, a fair percentage of cuttings should root, but
it is always wisest to plant twice as many as you
require, both for potting up and also for working in
the open. By October the cuttings will be ready to
transplant to their new quarters for budding in the
following July.
When raising for planting out, dig deeply and
carefully, so as not to damage the roots formed at
the base of the cutting ; trim off all roots growing out
of the sides, keeping only those at the bottom, which
may be shortened to a uniform length. The head, also
formed from the two buds left on at planting time,
can be cut back to three eyes. Thus prepared for the
second time, they are now planted out in rows, allow-
ing nine inches between each tree. Do not plant too
'deep, for you must bud as low as possible. Most
STOCKS. 69
growers plant at two inches, but I plant nearer three,
and remove a little soil at budding- time. I find the
trees do better, and in dry weather you are less likely
to lose your trees ; also, the sap runs freely just when
you require it in one of our dryest months. See to it
that the roots of your stocks are well spread out in all
directions, for as you plant so will you lift, and the
next shift will be the maiden tree, well rooted and all
that should be desired for the Rose garden.
Manetti cuttings are treated in the same way as briar
cuttings, and they are far more generous in taking, the-
percentage of failures being considerably lower. This,
stock is much used in America for Roses grown under
glass, and it is a curious fact that nearly all their
supply of Manetti stocks are grown in this country and
in France. The British supply is deemed the best, by
reason of more careful growing and grading. As a
stock for Roses the Manetti is hard to beat ; but,
although very vigorous the first and second year, it
soon goes back, and the life of a Rose budded or
grafted on it is shorter than when the briar stock Is
used. For maiden trees it is hard to equal, and some
of our best exhibition Roses are secured from varieties
grown upon it, more especially among the H.P.s. Per-
sonally, I have always favoured the Manetti for H.P.
Roses, and also many of the H.T.s, but Tea Roses
undoubtedly prefer the briar.
I am a great believer in the briar seedling for
nearly all classes of Roses when grown on light, dry
soils. Many growers object to its habit of deep root-
ing, but I cannot agree that this in any way detracts
from its value, for it is usually well supplied with sur-
face roots in addition to tap roots, and, as I have con-
tended elsewhere, tap roots have their value.
Many climbing Roses certainly not only do better
on the seedling briar, but live longer, and this, I main-
tain, is due to deep rooting.
As soon as the hips are ripe in the hedges, and
before the birds get therm or they fall, they should be
70 STOCKS.
gathered and the seed rubbed out and sown in drills
an inch deep, leaving- a foot between the drills.
Some growers wait until the spring- before sowing,
or even until the following- autumn, but it is not neces-
sary, for the seed is so slow in germinating that the
sooner it is in the better, and I would advise a winter
sowing as the best in any case.
The seed will continue to germinate at most irre-
gular intervals right into the second year. If sown in
in March and dry weather ensues, germination is de-
layed, and every week is valuable in the forming of a
strong stock. As the little seedlings grow, they seem
so very small the first year that all hopes of being able
to bud them the following year seems remote ; but it is
not so, for the second year's growth is surprising, and
the stem, hardly thicker than a wax vesta, becomes as
thick as one's little finger.
When planting out seedling briars, tap roots can
be shortened and all roots spread well out. Do not
plant too deep. Keep the " collar " that is the point of
union between the stem and the root just above the
level of the ground. Remember you will bud below the
" collar " on to the main root. Keep the seedlings the
same distance apart as the briar cuttings, and if they
grow too thick a little judicious thinning will do no
harm.
The grower is wise to not only keep down weeds
and hoe the surface of the land round his stocks, but
also to watch for insect pests, which will do nearly as
much harm to the tender shoots of the growing stock
as they will to the cultivated Rose.
Spray when necessary with a good insecticide,
such as Cooper's Nicotine (V2) Summer Fluid, and
hand-pick grubs and caterpillars from time to time. A
good watering if the soil gets dried by March winds is
often helpful, but after once the stocks have settled and
started into growth very little care is really necessary.
Photograph by Reginald A. Malby. F.E.P.S.
J. G. GLASSFORD. (H.T.)
HUGH DICKSON, LTD., 1921.
Photograph by Reginald A. Malby, F.R.P.S.
EDITH CAVELL. (H.T.)
CHAPLIN BROS., LTD., 1919.
71.
CHAPTER IX.
PROPAGATION.
" Thick Rosaries of scented thorn."
— Tennyson.
THE HYBRIDISATION OF ROSES.
If a Rose is distinct, and also attractive, it needs
only to exhibit it in quantity to catch the fancy of the
crowd. There is many a new Rose of sterling" worth
that, owing to poor introduction, has been almost over-
looked, and, in fact, forgotten. Some Roses, of
course, like Juliet, Rayon d'Or, Mildred Grant, and
others, stand out from all the rest, and demand atten-
tion, even to a single bloom, when exhibited amongst
thousands, but the grand majority to be seen to advan-
tage must be shown in number. It is not upon the
exhibiting of Roses that I wish to dwell here, but upon
their raising, an ever-interesting subject to the enthu-
siast. To be instrumental in creating a new Rose has
ever been my greatest wish ; it is, indeed, the Waterloo
of Rose-growing; but few care to undertake the work
necessary for assured success or the labour of careful
study. For those amateurs who wish, however, to
venture or are interested in this most engrossing sub-
ject, the following information will, I trust, prove
useful.
Chance should never be allowed to enter into the
dictionary of the hybridiser; it is like the advertise-
ment which promises to teach Greek without a
grammar, or French while you wait. There is only
one road to sure success, and that is by scientific
methods. It may be interesting to gather a few seed-
pods at first, and to try one's hand at raising seedlings
and tend them through every stage of growth ; but this
should never see the limit of the Rosarian's ambition.
72 PROPAGATION.
No; let him rather aim to evolve a certain type of
Rose, and persevere until he gets it, and rest assured
that in the getting he will, in all probability, be also
successful in other directions.
In selecting varieties be your own adviser, yet ever
try and choose a good pollen parent, and also a good
seed-bearing one. Of the former the Lyon Rose is a
good type; of the latter Antone Rivoire, Joseph Hill,
and the Earl of Warwick are hard to beat.
Like Mr. Walter Easlea, be bold, attempt great
things, and you will, in all probability, achieve them.
He raised that wonderful Rose Juliet by crossing Cap-
tain Hayward with Soliel d'or. Try a Sir Rowland Hill
and Frau Karl Druschki, keeping the latter as a seed
parent ; or, if you are blessed with great patience, per-
severe with the Wichuraiana class, for here is abundant
opportunity for success, and new varieties are badly
needed. Remember, too, the hope of reward shall
sweeten your labour, and the remuneration for your
achievements may be considerable.
Try and secure a new and useful break, such as
that given to us by Mr. George Laing Paul, who intro-
duced the little dwarf perpetual Wichuraiana Roses, or
Lord Penzance, who has given to us the wonderful
collection of sweet briars that bear his name.
But to work, and let us start at the beginning, and
be brief.
First, let the amateur remember that successful
hybridising bearing known results must be carried out
under glass. Our climate is too changeable to risk
valuable time, or to be sure of the results of certain
efforts in the open.
Choose, therefore, a good greenhouse with a south
aspect that is in no way shaded, and let it be provided
with hot-water pipes whose heat can be regulated, and
let it also be absolute that only Roses are to be grown
in this house.
The amateur will now have to secure his plants —
pot Roses — for his experiments. These should be
healthy, well-established trees that have not been re-
potted for two years or over. Any of our large nur-
PEOPAGATION. 73
series will have a good stock from which to select.
Having secured what you require, bring all your trees
into the house in November, and for the first two or
three weeks give plenty of air, when they may be
pruned according to variety, but not so severely as
when out in the open.
Ordinary care in watering and syringing is all that
is necessary. No liquid manure should be given, only
a free supply of water when the growth is strong.
Start with a temperature of 45 degrees by night and
50 degrees by day, increasing this until 55
degrees by night and 60 degrees by day is
reached. When the sun is strong the tempera-
ture may go up for a time to 70 degrees, or even 80;
but this will do no harm so long as the atmosphere is
not too dry. Try and get your trees out into bloom at
one and the same time about the beginning of March.
If Hybrid Perpetuals and Teas are grown, start the
former a little earlier, especially in the case of very
full-petalled Roses, since the thin varieties always open
first. If your pollen-bearing parent is out a day or two
before the seed-bearing, then the hybridist must pre-
serve the pollen by dusting the same on to a small
piece of clean glass, and place another piece of the
same size upon the top. Some stamp paper round the
edges will keep it airtight, and it can be preserved
until it is required for a few days, or even weeks, if
necessary. When the blooms of the seed-bearing
parent are ready, the pollen can be applied. Great
care must be taken to prevent the bloom fertilising
itself; therefore, before the stamens produce their
pollen, they should all be removed with a pair of
tweezers. Do not leave this operation too late; start
when the Rose is in the bud, and at about the time it is
showing colour. The best plan is to cut with a sharp
knife right round the bud all petals a quarter of an inch
from the base, laying bare the stamens and pistils
without cutting the calyx. Remove with tweezers
every anther upon the top of the stamens without
bruising or scratching the surrounding parts, at the
same time taking care that not one be left.
74 PEOPAGATION.
Next prepare a paper cone, which, without touch-
ing, shall envelop the bud, then tie the same securely
to the stalk beneath, which accomplished, this will
exclude all insects that might pollinate the bloom.
Keep a good temperature in the house of about 80
degrees, and in three or four days apply the pollen,
replace the paper cone, and affix a label giving the date
of hybridisation, and also all particulars as to parents,
etc.
Most people like to apply the pollen with a camel-
hair brush, but I think it is more effective to get the
pollen on to the tip of the fingers, and then apply it to
the pistil of the seed-bearing Variety. If the hybridiser
has any doubt about the success'of his experiment, the
bloom may be pollinated once more, but only from the
same flower, on the next day. The paper cone should
not be removed for eight or ten days. Try and choose
a sunny day for hybridising, and see to it, also, that the
house is dry, for no moisture must fall upon the
blooms; indeed, it is wisest to keep a hot, dry atmo-
sphere of 80 to 90 degrees in the house for a good fort-
night after fertilisation. Do not, therefore, water the
floor or over-water the plants, only giving them enough
to keep them alive. In about three weeks the seed-
pods will be found to be growing, when a little more
water may be added to the usual allowance, but great
care must be taken to keep the pods dry.
As soon as the seed-pods are about the size of a
filbert, the temperature must be reduced and air given,
increasing this gradually as the season advances.
By June and July the house should receive plenty
of air, day and night, and if all goes well by August
the pods should be colouring nicely.
The seed-pods should be allowed to remain upon
the trees as long as possible, and only be removed just
before they are likely to drop.
Gather and label them carefully, placing their
stalks into damp sand until they are required for
sowing at the end of November or beginning of Decem-
ber, and at no time allow the seed-pods ever to become
dry.
PKOPAGATION. 75
Sow the seed in deep pans that contain good
drainage in a rich loam ; never let the soil at any time
become dry, and try, also, never to let the temperature
fall below 50 degrees at night.
A good compost will be found to be one part of
turfy loam, one part well-decayed leaf-mould, and about
half a part silver sand. This should be well mixed
and passed through a fine sieve. The seeds should be
sown with care, not over close together, and about
half an inch beneath the surface, which should then be
covered with a thin layer of silver sand and watered
with a fine rose. Keep the pots or pans as close to
the glass as possible, and spray every morning, never
letting the soil at any time become dry.
The seedlings will appear by March, and will need
very careful tending. After each spraying remove all
drops of water that have lodged on their small leaves
with a brus'h. Many growers like to transplant the
seedlings as soon as they appear, and before the leaves
are formed, into small pots, 6o's in preference, but
they may be left in the pans if wished. However,
since much seed will often fail to germinate for perhaps
another twelve months, it might be wisest to trans-
plant at this early stage of growth; therefore, repot
into large 6o's, and later into 48*5. Keep all the
plants close to the glass, and when the month of June
is well in harden off, so that when July comes round
they may be planted out in the open. By October they
will be quite strong plants, and buds and grafts may be
secured for potted-up briars.
Many seedlings die after the first year or soon after
flowering, and it is ever wise to secure the first possible
buds or grafts, so that the grower may not be disap-
pointed. However, it needs expert knowledge to
manipulate such small material, and an experienced
hand should be called in to perform the delicate opera-
tions of budding and grafting at so early a stage,
unless it may be that the amateur is confident of his
own powers.
76 PEOPAGATION.
As soon as the first stock is grown there will be
no difficulty in increasing- the same very swiftly by
budding and spring grafting.
If the seedlings are attacked by green fly in the
smallest way, the grower should not hesitate to fumi-
gate his house, and he will find " Auto Shreds " a safe
cure; while in the case of mildew a dusting over with
flowers of sulphur or a spraying with Abol should keep
in check, if it does not cure, the trees of this scourge.
When planting in the open, use every precaution
against attacks from slugs, wood-lice, and the like,
which in one night may rob the grower of months or
even years, of labour. As in the case of seedlings grown
in the open, dust the surface of the bed well over with
soot or lime, only in the case of planting out this opera-
tion should be done two or three days previously to
the seedlings being installed in their new quarters.
The Growing of Seedlings in the Open. — The joy
of growing Roses is intensified when those Roses are
of our own creation, and it has always been a mystery
to me why more Rose lovers do not try their hands at
creating new varieties, or, if they have not the time or
patience to give to hybridising, do not assist Nature
and further the work she has begun. I refer to
chance production of new varieties from seed-pods,
that we find formed upon our trees in the late autumn.
You never know your luck, and, after all, what does
it matter if you fail to secure a novelty, since in any
case you will grow some new Roses, and your plea-
sure from anticipation will be great, even if the realisa-
tion proves to be of small account? Let us follow
Nature as far as possible, and then bring our know-
ledge and experience to assist her generous efforts on
our behalf. First of all prepare your seed-bed as soon
as you see that there is prospect of your securing a
few seed-pods with which to start your venture.
Choose a sunny but sheltered situation with an east
aspect. This ensures the seedlings not being over-
tried by fierce sun as they grow. Fork up the soil
and enrich it with leaf-mould and fresh loam to the
PEOPAGATION. 77
depth of one foot, digging in at the same time a liberal
supply of sand. The surface of the bed must be broken
up fine and carefully raked over. Draw out your drills
as soon as the seed is ready nine inches apart and half
an inch deep. Sow your seed thickly half an inch to
three-quarters of an inch apart, for only a quarter of
the sowing can be expected to germinate, and then
only a portion of this the first year. Having covered
in the drills, level and beat down firm with the back of
a spade, and then when the soil is dry give a good
watering with a rose.
For your future interest, all seed from the various
seed-pods should be labelled. This will be a useful
guide when the seeds appear as to the possibility of a
new variety. Many growers as soon as the seed-pods
are ripe gather them and preserve them in damp sand
until the early spring, but I think it wisest to sow at
once, and when you have crushed the pods and ex-
tracted the seed sow in the ordinary course as Nature
would dictate. Seed sown in January or February
should germinate in April, and if protected from late
frost will make early plants for careful lifting and
potting up, or they can be grown on in the seed-bed
until buds or grafts can be secured.
Before, or at the first signs of a seedling making
its appearance, dust the whole bed over with soot or
lime to clear the surface of slugs and wood-lice. This
is most essential, as these marauders have a great
liking for the tender stalks and leaves.
It is wisest at the sowing time to put up a light
framework of pegs and cross sticks, over whic'h mats
can be thrown during hard frost and cold cutting
winds. It is best to let the seed-pods remain upon
the parent trees as long as possible, even until they
fall off, or are ready to do so. Birds are the only
danger, but these can easily be warded off with black
cotton stretched between two or three sticks placed
round the tree. After germination the seedlings grow
fast, and will need constant care as to shading and
78 PEOPAGATION.
watering. Weeds, too, must be kept down and the
surface of the soil kept stirred round each plant.
Remember when weeding and stirring the soil that
there are other trees to come, and the crop will be a
most irregular one from April onwards for some time.
The care of our young hopefuls is not so very
exacting, but the dangers are very great, and it is
most disappointing to lose a promising young seedling
from such an enemy as a worm that will in a night
drag it into the earth and destroy it.
If the soil shows signs of the presence of earth-
worms, which presence is easily detected by their
casts; as soon as it is dry give a watering with lime-
water for two nights following, and they will disap-
pear. Shading and watering should not be carried
too far, as it only promotes mildew, which is the most
deadly enemy of the Rose, and which must be checked
the moment it appears by a dusting of flowers of
sulphur. If your charges shown signs of mildew,
choose a mild day, and water with a fine rose prior to
dusting the trees.
Some of the Autumn Roses will flower the first
year, but the Summer kinds will not flower for two
or even three years. In any case, let the grower
possess his soul in patience, and pinch off all buds,
thus imparting to his trees extra strength, for little
knowledge beyond colour can be obtained from first
flowers in the open. No true idea can be formed as
to size and shape until the trees have been pruned
and are well grown, and then nearly all are subject to
great improvement by budding and grafting oil suit-
able stocks. It is wisest to leave the trees undis-
turbed in their seed-beds until the following March,
unless they are too crowded, when they may be care-
fully lifted and transplanted into rich soil. As soon
as the trees are large enough they may be pruned at
the right season of the year, and in cutting back re-
move all unripened shoots and shorten to three or four
eyes all well-developed and ripened wood. The grower
of seedlings should always keep a good stock of briars
PKOPAGATION. 79
and other stocks for grafting and budding. These can
be potted up or grown in the open ready for his
requirements.
The character of a seedling soon shows itself in
the leaves, and interest and expectations rise with the
development of each leaf and shoot. Soon we can
pronounce as to the species, and often the parentage,
and when the full bloom is unfolded our reward
becomes revealed.
Seedling-inarching. — This simple method of test-
ing the worth of a seedling long before such could
possibly be determined if grown on in the ordinary
way is of the greatest value to the Rosarian. Few
amateurs know much about the growing of Roses from
seed, and those who do generally tire of the process,
owing to the length of time seedlings take to show
their worth and the numerous disappointments that
are experienced.
The usual methods are to bud or graft from a
seedling as soon as it is possible, or to wait until it
blooms in the ordinary way. By budding or grafting
you can ascertain a year or two in advance the true
quality of your Rose, which is seldom revealed when
grown on its own roots for many years.
The seedling-inardh system, however, will give
you sure proof of what your Rose is worth within a
few months after germination.
As soon as the cotyledons are developed on your
seedlings prick them off into two-inch pots, taking
care to plant them close up to the side of the pot.
Water and shade in the usual way, and grow on for
three weeks, by which time each seedling should have
developed sufficiently to permit of the operation of
inarching. Knock the seedling selected carefully out
of its pot and place it, with its soil still round it, on a
piece of sacking cut from five to six inches square.
Add a little fresh soil, and wrap and tie with raffia,
making the whole into a little parcel, not unlike a
small pot of sacking, in which a rose is growing.
80 PROPAGATION.
Remember your seedling must be kept to the
side. Thus complete, select from your stocks, which
are grown in pots either of Manetti or Briar, only
take those that are vigorous, and in which the sap is
running freely. Then tie your little bundle to the
stock so as to bring the two stems together, and with
your budding knife make an incision as in budding
and insert the stem of the seedling and bringing
the two together wrap carefully with raffia. The
sap of the stock will soon find the seedling, and
in about four weeks a good union will have been made.
Both the seedling and the stock must be kept watered
whilst the union is being formed, and as soon as there
is good growth the head of the stock can be cut off
back to the point of union, and then the seedling can
be severed from its miniature pot.
In two months after inarching, if all goes well,
the grower will have a good-sized tree, which will give
him full-sized flowers, and determine for him the value
of his rose. Further, he will have a good supply of
wood for early budding and grafting should he desire
to propagate the variety.
If the union is a failure, which is not likely, the
seedling can be removed and potted up agam in the
ordinary way, or tried with another more vigorous
stock. The whole process is very simple, and experi-
ence will teach far more than pages of letterpress.
The great points to remember are : Keep your
plants in a healthy growing condition, and your house
of a regular temperature; keep the soil moist, and
regulate the ventilation of your house in the ordinary
way.
Budding. — Budding is really such a simple opera-
tion, and so interesting withal, that it is a matter of
surprise to me that amateurs do not more generally
take it up. I grant you that there is nothing like a
well-grown tree procured from one of our nurseries
PEOPAGATION. 81
where you can get a selection, but the pleasure in your
tree is not the same as if you had made it. Budding-,
like grafting, is a dainty little surgical operation, and,
provided we exercise care and follow the ordinary rules
experience has laid down, success is almost assured.
The amateur is wisest who takes a good lesson from
an expert, for the art is easily learnt and never for-
gotten. Practice, however, makes perfect, and the
percentage of losses is diminished the more we bud.
One lesson is better than all the reading of books and
articles, although the knowledge imparted in a book
should be digested. There are tricks to every trade,
and gardening is not without its share. I have
watched experts over the most difficult operation in
bark or shield that discloses the base of the bud — and
nearly every man varied the method in some way or
another. One would jerk the wood up and sideways
with finger and thumb ; another would bring it sharply
up with the point of the knife and thumb; or yet
another, working from the top of the scion after the
wood was loosened, would remove the wood with a
pull and upward motion of the knife and thumb. It
matters not to the amateur what method he employs so
long as he is successful ; but if he had to earn his living
from the budding of briars by piecework, and then de-
pend for future employment on the number that
took, he would soon weigh up the right and the wrong-
way of doing things, and realise the value of experi-
ence and competition. Stocks are the first considera-
tion, and, whether they be Manetti, Briars, De la
Grifferee, or Laxa, the operation is the same. The
state of the bark of the stock will determine as to
whether or no it is fit to bud. The sap should be
running freely, and this is seen by the growth being-
made ; also the thorns should slip readily when prised
sideways with the thumb. If the stocks appear back-
ward and the land is dry, before budding, water well
for three or four days all trees and syringe overhead.
Bud and stock must be equally ready for the operation,
else you will only court a failure. In regard to the bud
or buds to be selected, choose those upon a stem that
has just flowered, and take in preference the middle
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PEOPAGATION. 83
buds to the top or bottom. These form the best trees,
and are generally the best flower-buds, although, of
course, a little depends upon the variety, and also the
state of the wood when buds are sought. Beggars
cannot be choosers, and often we have to be content
with whatever buds we can get off a tree. After
flowering, some varieties, like " La France," soon
push out side shoots, and buds are hard to get without
cutting away too much wood. Nevertheless, every-
thing depends upon the bud selected, and also the very
branch from which it is taken, to say nothing of the
quality of the tree itself. I write very strongly upon
this point, because the trade are far too careless over
selection, and feeble wood and poor flowers are in-
creased and perpetuated owing to lack of oversight
and contentment with smaller profits. For instance, a
new Rose is brought out, and the raiser or introducer,
and ofttimes the whole trade, to meet public demand,
propagates from every eye, and forces on a stock 25
per cent, of which, if they had their way as Rosarians,
they would scrap. If you want to improve a Rose
you must make selection ; the best tree, and even the
branch that carries the best flower, and then the best
buds which lie from the middle to the base of the shoot
selected. I do not wish to labour the point, but so
vital is it to the production of good Roses that I would
illustrate my remarks with the most convincing proof.
Take a Rose that sports, as, for instance, Catherine
Mermet, which gave us in 1885 "The Bride," and in 1893
" Bridesmaid" or Dorothy Perkins, which gave us in
1908 "White Dorothy." The eye or bud that pro-
duced that particular flower was the only one on the
branch to sport, but all eyes matured from the
branch it produced maintained the sport. Now
take that glorious White Rose, " Frau Karl
Druschki," introduced in 1900. I remember
when it was first sent out that you could
hardly rely on it for the show box, owing to its lack
of stamina. A hot day, and it not only opened too
fast, but the petals actually flopped, as if they lacked
rib and substance. But to-day it is one of the finest
84 PKOPAGATION.
Roses we possess. Why? Because the trade set to
work to improve it, and by selection in bud and stock
built up the flower we have to-day.
If, therefore, you want g-ood results, try to always
propagate from the best, and dismiss from your brain
the idea that any bud will do or that any stock will
serve.
The budding- of Roses can be carried on as long
as you can find buds, and your stocks are in a right
condition, but undoubtedly the best months are July
and August. Buds are in fit condition for budding
a day or two after a flower has been removed, and
stocks are best for working a day or two after a heavy
storm of rain. But to work, and in imagination let
us proceed to collect our buds and carry through the
delicate operation of budding upon stocks, standard
and dwarf. All that is required is a good sharp bud-
ding knife and a bundle of raffia cut to a foot length
and tied round the middle. If there is much work to
be done it is handy to tie the bundle of raffia to the
waist, so that a length can be slipped out as required.
A good budding knife is a great asset ; I have always
got mine from the Army and Navy Stores, who have
a splendid selection. I know of no better gift to a.
gardening friend than a good budding knife ; they are
dainty to look at and giants for work. I am never
without one in my pocket, and during the war my
budding knife was one of my best friends. Armed,
then, with such simple requirements, we inspect our
trees and select those shoots containing buds from one
to six eyes that promise to supply our needs. As each
shoot is cut remove the upper part of the leaf, allow-
ing f of an inch of leaf stalk to remain, remove also
the thorns, then write your label and tie label and
shoots together, and if the weather is dry and the sun
fierce, the bundles are best placed in a bucket of
water. The removal at once of leaves helps to pre-
serve the bud, for a certain amount of evaporation
always goes on through the leaves of a plant, and
although the supply of moisture is replaced by stand-
ing the shoots in water, yet the natural resources are
PEOPAGATION. 85
the best. For this very reason the sooner bud and
stock are united the better it is and the greater the
chances of success. Having- secured your shoots con-
taining as many buds as you require, you now see to
it that your stocks are all in order for the operation,
that is, all shoots to be budded are clear of thorns and
leaves for about five to six inches from the base, so
that they do not interfere with the tying in of your
bud. The operation on standard and dwarf stocks is
the same, but as the handling is a little different. We
will consider the budding of standards first. Take hold
of the branch to be budded with your left hand, and
then with the knife in your right make a longitudinal
cut, starting from as near the base as possible upward
for about an inch, and then make a cross cut at the
upper end. Do not cut too deep, only cut through the
bark; avoid cutting the wood, as this is harmful. In-
sert the handle end of your budding knife into the cut
and raise the bark each side ; this will admit of the
sliding into place of the bud when it is ready. Now
take a shoot containing the required buds in your left
hand, holding the butt end between your finger and
thumb ; start to cut half an inch below the bud and
keep the cut as level as possible, dipping it only
slightly below the bud and coming out about half an
inch above it. If you cut too deep, your bud will not
only slide into position badly, but there is a danger
when the wood is removed of its not lying close to the
wood in its new quarters. Cut shallow and leave as
little wood to be removed as possible.
To remove the wood take the bud section cut
off between the finger and thumb with the cut side
lying uppermost and the upper end pointing away
from the hand, insert the tip of the knife be-
tween the wood and the bark, and with a
slight twist of the knife jerk the fragment
of wood from the bark; if the wood comes
away correctly it will leave the face of the bud ex-
posed, but if, as is sometimes the case, the wood comes
away with the core of the bud, then a hollow will be
seen and the bud is of no value. Some buds are very
86 PEOPAGATION.
hard to strip, and if unsuccessful, rather than waste
buds, I advise that the wood be left in, although this
approaches grafting", and is not so good as budding1.
Take now the leaf stalk of your bud between the finger
and thumb of your left hand, and with the base of
your budding knife raise slightly the bark at the cross,
cut and slide in your bud, pushing it gently downwards
by the leaf stalk to the base. The bud should fit well,
but if cut too long it can easily be cut again at the
cross cut. Try to keep your bud clean, sharp cut, and
fresh, do not let it get bent or ragged ; if the wood has
been hard to remove, and the base has got bent and
rough, lay it on the shoot again and clean-cut the
base. Everything depends upon a quick union, and
damaged bark is not going to compete with un-
damaged.
Before we commence to tie in, a word of advice as
to standards. If your shoots are young, verging
rather on the green side, even when the bark is raised,
I would leave out the cross cut and make your longi-
tudinal cut longer and slide your bud in sideways ; for
this reason : After budding, as the branch grows, it
will weaken at the cross cut and often snap off, and if
it does not damage the bud in the parting, it will do
so by its loss, for the flow of sap will try to find a vent,
and in all probability it will start into growth the bud
which should have remained dormant until the spring.
In tying in, commence tying from the bottom of
the bud and work upwards ; do not cover the bud.
Some growers turn one end of the tie upwards, laying
it on the stem and wind with the other part to meet it
at the finish and tying off at the top. Others, starting
more or less from the middle of the raffia below the
bud, wind both ends in opposite directions and then
tie off at the top. I think the first method is the better,
if not the quicker, but as far as the amateur is con-
cerned, it does not matter so long as all is secure. Do
not tie too tight so as to impede the flow of sap, but
tie firmly, like a bandage which, in fact in miniature,
it truly is.
PEOPAGATION. 87
As regards the budding- and tying in on dwarf
stocks, the method is the same in each case, save only
that on the seedling briar you are budding on to the
main root, whilst on cuttings you bud on to old wood.
Do not cut away any shoots, but draw back the soil
round the stocks to the depth of about an inch, so that
you may bud as low as possible.
In the case of seedlings it is not always easy to
bud on to the main root, as it is so often crooked, but
it must be done, for if budded above the "collar,"
which is full of dormant buds, the grower will always
be bothered with suckers when his tree is established.
When budding dwarf stocks take every care that no
grit gets into the cut, for this will spoil a good union.
It is wisest to clean the surface of the stock with your
thumb or a piece of rag before cutting, and on a dry,
windy day, when dust is flying, work the opposite side
of the stock. After the operation the stocks can be
left alone, and save for watering in dry weather, noth-
ing can be done for five weeks, when the ties may be
loosened or removed according to whether the buds
have taken or not.
In November, when the sap has ceased to flow
and the leaves tiave fallen, the stock growth may be
cut away up to the cross cut or just above it, and in
standards to within three inches of the bud; but per-
sonally, I advise the spring, and think it best to wait
until the end of April or beginning of May; some
growers defer it even till June.
The budding of more than one variety upon a
stock can be done, but it is not advised, and in few
cases is it successful.
The fittest survives and the weakest generally
goes to the wall; still, there is no reason why certain
varieties should not share the same stock if desired, in
which case Roses and their sports are the most likely
to succeed, such as "La France" and "Augustine
Guinoisseau;" "Catherine Mermet " and "The
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Voster— the Powder / Sterilizer*.
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Carlton Premier Tomato Fertilizer
Carlton Fruit Tree Fertilizer
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Vos, Winter Wash No. 1
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Bordorite Ready-made "Bordeaux"
Nicovoss
Catterscab (Voss Bordeaux Arseuate")
Pterokyl (special for Aphis and Apple
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Voss Nicotine Soap
Carlton Green Sulphur
Nicotyl Red Spider Compound (for
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SpidERine (for Red Spider in the open)
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Phospho Nicotyl (for Wood Lice)
Voss Safety Cyanide Packages (for
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PBOPAGATION. 89
Bride," and others with their seedlings of similar habit
of growth and constitution.
Buds will often grow out the first year, and I have
even had them in bloom, but it is not good, for the
wood seldom ripens enough to resist the frost; if it
does it must be pruned back close in the spring, but
until then as soon as it is large enough it must be tied
up to a stick or cane to prevent it being blown out by
the winter winds. The end of March or beginning of
April will show what buds have survived, and when
they have grown large enough a cane s'hould be in-
serted in the ground close up to the shoot, which should
be tied to it lightly but securely with raffia. This is
budding — namely, the removal of the wood from the
most essential, for although the union is formed and
the shoot is growing well, yet it is none too strong
the first year, and it is easily blown out or damaged.
A shoot is generally ready to tie to a stick or cane
when it has grown four inches and has three or four
good leaves, at which time it is wise also to pinch out
the heart of the shoot ; this will cause the buds at the
base of each leaf to push forth a sturdy shoot, with
the result that instead of one long shoot you will have
a well-formed tree. Keep a very close eye for insect
pests the first year, and on the first sign syringe with
Abol or some well-known insecticide, for the young
trees are very tender, and without care are easily lost.
Grafting. — One of the most interesting and at the
same time one of the most profitable methods of Rose
culture is that system by which it is possible to in-
crease a valuable stock of Rose trees at a trifling ex-
pense. The price of new varieties when first placed
upon the market is so prohibitive that many a Rosarian
is obliged to wait at least twelve months after their
introduction before he or she feels justified in securing
for the Rose garden such a costly addition. Let all
those, therefore, who are desirous of enriching their
Rose gardens with a goodly number of the latest
varieties at the smallest cost follow those methods
90 PEOPAGATION.
adopted by the ancients, and in common practice in
our own land before the days of Shakespeare.
" You see, sweet maid, we marry
A gentler scion to a wilder stock,
And make conceive a bark of baser kind
By bud of nobler race; this is an art
Which does mend Nature, change it rather, but
The art itself is Nature."
January is the best month for operations in
which to carry out the all-valuable method of stock-
increasing by means of grafting.
Having secured a goodly supply of 3 in. and 3^ in.
pots, write off at once to one of the Rose nurseries,
and, according to your requirements, obtain a sufficient
stock of briars to enable you to graft a useful number.
Do not buy too few; it is far wiser to procure more
than you will require, and then to select the best for
potting up, and to plant out the remainder for budding
purposes. The best stocks Tor grafting are without
doubt the seedling briar cutting and the Laxa. In the
autumn, having potted up all the briars you will re-
quire, the next step is to select a good site on which
to place the pots. Choose a sheltered position, and
spread a good coating of sifted asH — about three
inches; water this well, then place there your batch of
bsiars and cover up the pots to the surface and water
down, filling up where the ash settles. Water from
time to time. They can remain like this until next
November, when they will be well rooted and ready
for bringing into the house for the purpose of grafting.
Whip-Grafting. — Having your briars, and also a
valuable Rose tree, purchased with the hope of being
able to raise in one season a veritable army of this
coveted possession, you will proceed to cut with care
each section of a shoot containing but one eye, for the
selected briar to become its foster-parent. Doubtless,
your tree will yield you twenty sudh shoots, and yet
leave two or three eyes on the already established
stock. Remember this : do not throw away a single
eye — all will come in ; those too small for ordinary
PEOPAGATION. 91
grafting- can be rind-grafted or budded. Take your
briar by the left hand, and with a sharp pair of seca-
tiars cut off the head at a point two inches above the
soil level. Then with a sharp budding knife try and
get a clean cut on the slope in one stroke, or, if un-
successful, pare it down to a clean level sloping sur-
face. Then cut off from your Rose shoot a section
about an inch to two inches long containing a bud;
and here also try and obtain a clean, level, sloping
surface equal in length to that of the stock; then place
the section in position so that the two surfaces come
together, the bark of the scion meeting exactly the
bark of the stock ; tie firmly with raffia. In tying the
raffia place one end pointing downwards, allowing
enough to tie a knot at the finish ; then wind round the
briar and shoot downward until the union is covered,
and end off with a half-hitch and tie once. If the graft
fails to take, make a fresh cut and try again.
Rind-Grafting. — Now, before we deal with the
next step it is most necessary to refer to another
method of stock-increasing, namely, that by rind-
grafting. It will be found that many a shoot tapers off
to such a slender size that the chance of finding a
briar small enough to fit* the section cut off is rare.
Hence, if we wish to make the most of every eye, it
will be found necessary to adopt this other method.
Cut, therefore, a briar horizontially instead of
sloping downwards; then, having prepared the sHoot
cut it as before ; cut the rind of the briar, only as
done in budding, then insert the shoot and tie in as
before. After grafting, bring all your stocks into the
greenhouse, and, if possible, place the whole batch into
a propagating frame. Keep your house at an even
temperature of not over 60 degrees, and let the
atmosphere be a moist one.
Should you not possess a propagating frame, then
keep your house well shut up",~avoiding excessive ven-
tilation and all draughts. It can always be taken that
a close house is like a propagating frame ; thus so long
as the temperature is maintained and but very little
92 PEOPAGATION.
ventilation is given, the growing- stocks will be quite
safe until March. Then, as the days grow warmer,
ventilation will riave to be increased, starting about
an hour earlier in the mornings each week. When the
shoots have attained a good size, the Rose grower
who is content with his stock will inspect the root
growth, and if a good supply of young roots has been
forjned he will then carefully repot and grow his trees
on until he pots them out in the open ground, in about
the middle of May. But if he is ambitious and is still
further anxious to increase his stock, he will proceed
to adopt yet another method known as spring grafting.
In this case the briar should have been allowed to
grow so that the flow of sap is about equal to that
lately drawn by the shoot from which the sections are
to be taken. Spring grafting will come under the head
of rind-grafting.
The method is exactly the same, although the
shoots, being tender, will require greater care in tying
on; also all young plants must be kept dry. Let it
suffice only to keep the ash beneath the pots moist as
the grafted stocks start to grow, which will be in
about three or four weeks, when they will want care-
ful handling. The shoots are very tender, and it is
always advisable to shade them from the sun or very
strong light. In repotting it is advisable to repot from
a three-inch pot to a five-inch, and from a three-and-a-
half-inch to a six-inch. Then give a good watering
and leave for two days, after which they can be
hardened off.
Many stocks will be found to be too large for wnip-
grafting, and often the grower has but a limited num-
ber. We will, therefore, consider briefly two other
methods, cleft-grafting and wedge-grafting, both of
which can easily be learnt and practised at times to
advantage.
Cleft-Grafting. — The size of the stock in this case
is immaterial, since the scion is inserted at the side.
Choose well ripened wood for the scion of about an.
PKOPAGATION. 93
inch-and-a-half in length to two inches, having two or
three eyes. Then cut your stock level at the top, and
with your budding knife cut out of the side a tiny
wedg-e of bark and wood in the shape of the letter V.
Do not let the cut be deep enough to reach the pith of
the stock, and regulate the width by the scions you
have to graft.
The all-important point to remember is to get the
inner bark of the scion and "stock to meet — no easy
matter, and one that requires sound judgment and a
sharp knife. Cut your cleft in the stock first, and then
pare down your scion to fit, trying, as far as possible,
to fill exactly the cavity. This you will never quite do,
but the nearer you get it the greater will be your
chances of success. Bind in the scion securely with
raffia, and then cover the grafted part with grafting wax
to keep out air and moisture.
Wedge-Grafting. — This method of grafting- is
more simple than that of cleft-grafting. You cut your
stock level at the top as before, but instead of taking
a piece out of the side you split it down the middle to
the depth of about an inch. Then you cut your scion
in the shape of a fine wedge, and insert it in the slit,
bringing bark to bark and binding as before; cover
the top of the stock and exposed cut parts with grafting
wax.
If it is found impossible to get both sides to quite
meet bark to bark, then at any rate make one side
sure; but practice will make perfect, and soon there
will be left very little to be desired.
The after-care for all the grafted stocks is the
same, and has already been described.
It will be seen that from the first day of grafting
to the end about ten weeks will be all that is required
to secure a fresh shoot from which it is possible to
graft again. Thus the grower can calculate — given a
fair amount of success — what he can make out of a
new variety that at first sight seemed to him so dear,
and not only will he, with care, obtain blooms before
94 PKOPAGATION.
his neighbours, but by the time the next planting
season comes round he will have many trees to spare,
and, it is to be hoped, have added to his laurels in the
show tent.
Cuttings. — There are many Roses that are easily
grown on their own roots, and which pay for this
method of cultivation, such as " Dorothy Perkins,"
"Crimson Rambler," and others of this type; also,
there are many that will be found to make good,
healthy bushes and produce a quantity of bloom, but
the grower must not look for exhibition Roses on
plants raised from cuttings.
Good representative flowers are often obtained,
but generally speaking, all show kinds grown in this
way are undersized. Nevertheless, as we have said in
another place, the Roses that will live and make ancient
history are those that can easily be grown on their own
roots, as " Gloire de Dijon," " William Allen Richard-
son," " Frau Karl Drusc'hki," " Caroline Testout,"
and others of a like character and constitution, but
even then some are larger and healthier on the parent
stock. There is no reason why nearly all Roses should
not propagate from cuttings, but experience will teach
you that most of our modern kinds need the support of
the parent stock, and increase by budding is the surest
method of successful reproduction. For autumn cut-
tings October and November are the best months for
putting in Rose cuttings in the open ground. The work
is simple, and gives very little trouble. Summer cut-
tings can be made at any time after the Rose has
flowered, but this necessitates the use of a cold frame,
and, if possible, a frame or house with a little bottom
heat.
Mardh to May are the best months for^ taking
cuttings from Roses that have been forced under glass.
I will take the most natural method first, and dis-
cuss the striking of cuttings in the open ground. First
prepare your bed as follows : —
PROPAGATION. 95
Choose a shaded and sheltered site where during
the hottest part of the day a tree or wall casts genial
shade, and in rough weather protects from cutting
winds. Any corner of the garden will do, provided a
good bed is made up that is well drained and the soil
enriched with loam, leaf mould and sand, to the depth
of about a foot. If sand cannot be procured in quan-
tity, some fine sharp road grit should be dug in and
a little sand secured to lay along the bottom of the
trench whicfi you will dig for your cuttings.
Some growers are content to insert the c"uttings
in line with a dibber, but it is not so good as opening
up a small trench seven to eight inches .deep, and 'cut-
ting your edge straight down. Place a little sand
along the bottom of the trench, or sand and leaf mould,
and then stand your cuttings upright at intervals of
two inches apart, and fill in, firming the soil with your
foot all along the line. It is absolutely necessary that
the soil be made very firm round all the cuttings; in-
deed, this is essential to their success. Keep nine
inches between the rows, and this will give all the
space required. In preparing your cuttings for grow-
ing in the open, select well-ripened" wood of present
year's growth, and in cutting off your shoot try and
get a heel of old wood to it, or if this is not possible,
take it off at a joint in the wood from which another
shoot or branch is growing, when two cuttings can be
securerd. A heel is necessary for success, although
cuttings can be made of ripened wood cut to and just
below a bud, but only a moderate percentage grow,
excepting the more rampant climbers, which are easily
struck. Let your cuttings for planting in the open be
about nine inches in length ; carefully remove all the
thorns and also leaves, if any, except the leaves to the
top two, three or four eyes which must remain. In
planting, only three or four eyes at most should be left
showing- above ground, the rest of the eyes, which
should be left in and not be removed with a knife, will
be below the ground.
It may at first seem that we are planting our cut-
tings rather close together, but this is not the case,
96 PEOPAGATION.
even if all lived, which cannot be hoped for. There
will also be many losses, which the spring will reveal,
and growth will not be vigorous the first year. How-
ever, if room is required, some may be lifted with
great care, but it is wisest to wait until the autumn
when they can be planted out at will. As regards
attention, cuttings in the open require but little, a good
•watering after planting-, and whilst the leaf is on a
regular sprinkling each day, is all that they require.
Keep the surface of the soil broken and protect from
severe frost. The branches of evergreens stuck in
fairly thickly make good protection in severe weather,
also bracken fern, but these should be removed to-
wards the middle of February.
The growing of cuttings under glass, that is, in a
cold frame or a hot-house, presents no difficulty, but
demands more care and attention. This method is
generally adopted for summer propagation, and is use-
ful when the grower is anxious to increase his stock
rapidly and secure all the shoots and buds he can for
working under glass. Also many of our more delicate
sorts are, as from cuttings, better raised under glass
than in the open ground.
Whatever be your variety, select your cuttings as
soon as the trees have flowered, or even as soon as
the wood selected has lost its bloom. The length of
wood need not be so long; three inches is enough, and
as before, this should be cut to a heel of old wood or
an eye or joint in the wood. Strip off thorns and
leaves, leaving only two leaves at the end of the cut-
ting selected. Prepare some good potting soil made
of equal parts of turf loam, leaf-mould and silver sand,
worked through a coarse sieve. Pot up your cuttings
four to six in a pot, and keep them round the edge,
set to a depth of two inches in the soil, leaving two
eyes above the soil with leaves. Firm the soil well
round the cuttings, water well to settle the soil, and
then remove the pots to a cold frame, which must be
kept closed and shaded from the sun. Sprinkle twice
daily for two or three weeks, by which time the heels
PEOPAGATION. 97
will have started to callus, when they should be re-
moved to a frame or house with bottom-heat. Here
they will start to root, and may soon be potted off
singly into pots, which should be kept in bottom-heat
until the trees are well established, when they should
be transferred to a cold frame and hardened off, giving
air gradually until they are quite strong.
Cuttings are easily taken from Roses that have
been forced under glass, for they root very readily;
only instead of placing them in a cold frame, they
must be grown in a frame or house with bottom-heat
from the start and kept there for about eight weeks.
This means that cuttings will be taken from March to
May, and these will be ready to plant out by the end
of the season or grown in pots in the open, to be
brought into the house at the end of the year.
Layers. — June, July and August are the best
months in which to layer Roses, and early-layered
branches will provide trees by the following November
which, if cut back in the spring, should bloom the
first summer or autumn they are planted out. Much
depends upon the variety and the nature of the soil in
which it is planted. Layering is quite a simple matter,
but it is not easy to layer every variety; indeed, some
trees are impossible. In any case, fork over the ground
where the layers are to be made, and work in sand,
leaf mould and a little old manure that has been more
or less dried and worked through a coarse sieve. Break
up the soil quite fine round the tree. Select the shoots to
be bent down and strip off all the lower leaves, allow-
ing only those at the end of the shoot to remain for
about six inches to a foot from the top. Then gently
bend down your branch in a trial to see where best to
cut a tongue in the wood and at which point to peg it
down. Take your knife and cut an upward slice for
a distance of about an inch and a half, and half-way
through the wood, then take up your trowel, and at
the spot marked, where you first bent down your shoot,
insert your trowel and work it backwards and for-
wards to make a cleft in the soil. Into the cleft made
98 PEOPAGATION.
throw a little sand or sand and leaf mould ; bend down
your shoot and p_eg it down with a forked stick so that
it is held firmly in place, and when covered with soil
the end of the shoot occupies an almost upright posi-
tion; this causes the tongue cut to press downwards
into the soil slightly away from the stem, and very
soon, if the pegged-down portion of the tree is kept
well watered, roots will form on the tongue, and a
tree will be in the making to be severed from the parent
stock at the wish of the grower.
The operation is such a simple one tHat we are
surprised more growers who are anxious to secure
trees on their own roots do not practise it more often.
But the reason is this: Few 'trees throw up long
enough wood to bend down, and the wood of many
trees is too stiff and upright, and if bent back would
snap. How, then, can such trees be layered? You
can overcome this difficulty by removing soil from one
side of a tree and gently loosening the soil all round ;
then, when the tree is in a leaning position, carefully
firm all the soil, leaving it lying more or less on its
side ; you can then peg down the branches, and in the
autumn or spring remove your young trees and prune
and straighten up the old.
Suckers. — There are a few Roses that, growing
on their own roots, will throw out suckers which again
root. The Scotch Rose (R. Spinosissima) is a good
example of this, and it is quite easy in 1?he autumn to
secure good young trees growing from the parent
plant. You will often find that many of the suckers
have not taken root, but if severed with a knife in the
autumn they will, when planted, easily root and make
good trees. In the spring all layers and suckers will
be pruned in the usual way according to the variety,
and although many will be tender and sparsely rooted,
yet the old rule applies, and it is wisest to cut back
each tree to the usual number of eyes generally left at
pruning time.
*/*•
Photograph by Reginald A. Malby, F.R.P.S.
SCARLET CLIMBER. (H. wich.)
WM. PAUL & SON, 1916.
Photograph by Eeginald A. Malby, F.R.P.S.
BLUSH RAMBLER, (mult, ramb.)
B. R. CANT & SONS, 1903.
99
CHAPTER X.
PESTS AND SPRAYING.
" Gather ye rosebuds while ye may, old time is still
a flying-." — Herrick.
As Spring advances the Rose grower is kept on
thorns, for the enemies of the Queen of Flowers are
legion. Like the plagues of Egypt, they beset our
trees until we are nearly at our wits' end how best to
combat their attacks. I have often considered the
matter very deeply, and tried hard to solve the problem
why the Rose should be more subject to disease and
the attacks of insects than almost any other flower.
Even in its hardy wild state it is more harassed by
pests than are the other plants and flowers of the field.
How be it, cultivation has added to its troubles.
It is a curious fact that all the noblest and most
beautiful orders of creation seem to be unduly sur-
rounded with so much that is opposed to their excel-
lence. Horses can hardly move for swindlers and
touts, dogs for drunken owners and coarseness, birds
for beasts of prey, flowers, for insect pests, and even
energetic and good men, suffer from the tongue of evil
report.
The nearer each gets to perfection the greater ap-
pears to be the difficulties that beset development.
Undoubtedly no order of creation is entirely free from
"pests." It reminds one of those lines learnt in our
school days : " Lesser fleas have lesser fleas upon their
backs to bite 'em, and lesser fleas have lesser fleas, and
so adinfinitum." But, poor Rosa, what has she done
to be so beset by enemies? I will tell you. No, it is
not a piece of scandal or aught unkind, but if Rosa
was a lady, when the secret is out she would have
100 PESTS AND SPEAYING.
some old Mother Gamp to distress her still further, and
cause her to blush through the deliberate misinterpreta-
tion of wfhat I am about to write — namely, that Rosa
is too forward. Yes, she rushes out into the world
and courts the season too early, with the result that she
gets led on, encouraged and then suddenly cut, or
some pest stabs and bleeds her to death. Her con-
stitution is not as robust as her parent, neither is she
so prudent, so that cold winds and frosts find her, and
under their adverse influences she is withered and
blighted. Good reader, is it not so? Go into your
garden at the end of February and look at your
climbers, or your standards or dwarfs in March. See
even your most treasured and delicate varieties shoot-
ing and pushing out leaves, whilst the hedgerow hesi-
tates, and the elm tree has scarce reddened with bud.
What is natural but that warm days should be
followed by cold, and that all growth should be
checked? The cultivated Rose cannot stand frost, and
the tender leaves soon wither, and in this state a tree
is liable to disease, and you will even notice that green
fly soon take advantage of its weakened condition.
Again, the early appearance of Rose foliage when other
tender leaves are scarce, gives the various insects the
early chance they require of propagating their species.
What is sweeter than a rose? And, thinks the insect,
what is sweeter than a Rose leaf or tender stalk in
which to lay my eggs and hatch out my larvae?
It is the early appearance of such sweetness that is
the downfall of the Rose. As the season advances and
leaves grow strong enemies become fewer, because
there is more to feed on elsewhere. Nevertheless, the
Rose is hardly ever free from some pest or another.
The best little book issued on Rose pests is the
National Rose Society's booklet given to every mem-
ber. It is called " The Enemies of the Rose. " In this
book a number of insect pests are considered, as also
diseases caused by fungi. Excellent plates, too, are
given, showing these marauders, so that they can be
discovered more surely than a criminal at large whose
portrait appears in the daily Press. For this little book
PESTS AND SPEAYING. 101
alone it is well worth becoming" a member of the
National Rose Society; but when, in addition, you are
given tickets for the shows and other publications on
receipt of only IDS. 6d., it is surprising- that every Rose
grower in the United Kingdom does not join. Now, I
do not intend to give, you a lesson on entomology or to-
describe in detail every insect that attacks the Rose,
for this book could not cope with so large a subject.
Indeed, it is not necessary to describe more than four
of the worst offenders, for nearly all come under the
same treatment in our efforts for their extermination.
It is interesting- to know the name of a criminal, but
it matters very little when you have laid him low or
frightened him off the scene of his operations.
Spraying will not be necessary until May, and
possibly not then, for insect pests can be kept down if
only they are taken in time, and not allowed to in-
crease. With fungoid diseases it is different, for on
the first signs you must spray; but of these we will
treat later. The first attack, as a rule, comes from
grubs and caterpillars, the larvae of all sorts of moths,
flies, and beetles.
These have their own little peculiarities, but, as
far as the Rose is concerned, each is out but for one
object— to plunder her of her foliage.
To work, Rosarian, and open every curled leaf,
killing the enemy with your finger and thumb. Do
not let him fall to the ground to rise up again, which
he will do if. left, but kill him. No! not between the fold
of the leaf, unless with great care, for, remember,
every leaf is of value to your tree; so do not pluck it
off, as advised by some more squeamish brother, and
do not bruise it in the pinching. Open it out to grow,
and help feed your tree from the air with those pro-
perties that are so essential to its well being. Simple
instructions, but this is all as far as grubs and cater-
pillars are concerned, and it dispenses with more than
half of the little N.R.S. text-book; but y®u will have
to train your eyes to find your enemy, for he is very
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PESTS AND SPEAYING. 103
cunning. He, too, has enemies in insects and birds,
and to avoid these he not only hides under the
leaves, but takes the shape of stalks and shoots. As
your trees grow, a daily round will be almost neces-
sary until the buds and leaves are well developed, by
which time the attacks will have lessened, for the
larvae will have gone into chrysalis, and the ranks of
your foes will be depleted. If your Rose garden is sur-
rounded by many shrubs and trees, your difficulties will
naturally be increased, for insect life will be in greater
abundance throughout the year, and if you grow many
trees, a spraying will be found to be essential. Cooper's
Nicotine . (Va) Summer Fluid is a grand spray for
tender growth, and Rose aphids are soon . removed
after one or two applications.
It is no easy matter to spray a number of trees with-
out a machine. Large beds of dwarf trees take time to get
round, and time is everything to the busy grower. For
large gardens you require a small tank on wheels that
will hold from 10 to 18 gallons of water or a quantity
of insecticide. If you have many climbing Roses, a
tank or container with a lance and hose is most useful
and a splendid investment. The " Four Oaks,"
" Stafford," Pattern machine is one of the best; this
has a small hand pump with hose and lance attach-
ment, which can easily be taken off, and the tank can
be then used as an ordinary water barrow.
A bucket and a hand syringe is far too slow if you
have an average-sized garden to attend to; also, you
soon tire in the frequent bending down and stretching
in the filling and discharging of the syringe.
Unless syringing is made easy, very little is going
to be done, either with insecticide or pure water, and
wall climbers, arches, and pillars will get but small
attention.
A good spraying of the Rose foliage with pure
water when the sun is off is most beneficial, and will
do more towards the keeping down of insect pests
than anything else.
104 PESTS AND SPRAYING.
Water supply is everything to a garden, and it
will be noticed in the plans of gardens in this book
that many of them have ponds, which are included as
much for utility as beauty.
Water for all plants is best exposed to the sun for
some hours ; it brings it up to the right temperature,
and the plants benefit far more from it when thus
applied. A tank of water should always be ready, and
buckets can be filled from it when desired ; a container
or tank with a pump and lance attachment is best, for
the latter can be easily taken off. The Haven En-
gineering Company, of Goudhurst, Kent, make a
speciality, of these lines, and have some very useful and
practical models at most reasonable prices. The ad-
vance in spraying machines and insecticides of late
years has been very great, and the Rose grower can
easily satisfy his requirements.
The Greenfly or Rose Aphis is by far the worst
pest of the garden, and once it infests a tree it does
great harm.
The thumb and finger will clean a shoot, but
nothing short of a good insecticide will save the situa-
tion when aphides are well established.
A good spraying once a week when the trees are
coming into leaf and buds are forming will not only
kill the various insect pests, but it will ward off the
attacks of others. Caterpillars of various Moths are
hard to discover, but a good spraying will soon find
them out, and will kill them.
I have noticed that The Rose Leaf-cutting Bee
will cease its attacks on a tree that is sprayed, and
that other sturdy enemies of the insect world will go
elsewhere to lay their eggs when they find their food
polluted with insecticide. There is little to fear from
the majority of insect pests if only you spray your trees
occasionally and hand-pick the maggots early in the
year. Much depends upon the season, some years
being worse than others for all insect pests. As a
PESTS AND SPEAYING. 105
rule, dry seasons bring* the most trouble, and in a neg-
lected garden it is astonishing how soon a valuable
tree is ruined for the year by numerous pests and
plagues. Gardeners are too forgetful of the fact that
loss of foliage means damage to the tree, and damaged
foliage is detrimental to good growth. When you cut
a Rose, remember that every leaf is of value to the
tree, whose very existence depends upon its foliage.
The more we think over this fact the more impressed
we become as to the necessity of spraying with clear
water during drought, and also insecticide whenever
necessary. I have seldom, if ever, had to spray to
ward off the attacks of insect pests, and this should be
able to be said by every amateur; but with fungoid
diseases it is a very different matter.
For Rose Mildew, Rose Rust, Black Spot, Rose
Leaf-Scorch, and Sooty Mould, you must spray. These
plagues are worse than insect pests, for they are far
more devastating in their ways and far harder to get
rid of. I have seen beds of Killarney, white with mil-
dew, and leaves of other varieties falling off by the
thousand from rose-rust and black spot.
How essential it is to take all diseases caused by
fungi in their early stages is hardly realised by gar-
deners. The very first signs of mildew or rose-rust
should make the grower start to spray, for it is very
active, and soon spreads to all parts of the tree. Mil-
dew is largely due to a check in the young and tender
growth of a tree ; a cold night or a cold shower of rain
after a warm day will soon start *he trouble, and weak,
soft wood will be the result.
Under glass, flowers of sulphur put into a muslin
bag and dredged over the foliage is a splendid cure,
and is one much used in our nurseries, although spray-
ing is a more up-to-date method of dealing with this
scourge.
Rose Rust is often found upon the foliage of the
wild Rose growing in the hedgerow and the field, and
it is also a great enemy to cultivated varieties. This
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PESTS AND SPEAYING. 107
is best combated by the removal and burning of the
leaves infected and the spraying of the tree with a
good insecticide. Black Spot should be treated in like
manner to Rose Rust, as it is almost as common, and
develops very quickly. It is generally found in Rose
gardens that are too shut in or that possess poor, dry
soils. Rose Leaf-scorch is another fungus pest, but
it is not a common one. Not unlike Rose Rust, this
plague is even more deadly when it attacks the foliage
of trees, for the leaves drop off very quickly, in which
case they are best gathered up and burnt.
Yet another fungus pest, Sooty Mould, often,
makes its appearance in certain localities. The name
well describes the disease, and it is found present on
both wild and cultivated Roses. This fungus, beyond
choking the pores of the leaves, does not take its sus-
tenance from the foliage, but from the " honey dew "
deposited by the Aphides or " greenfly " on it. There-
fore, let not that Rosarian mention the presence of
such a pest, for his is the neglect and fault.
Rose Tree Canker, found with some varieties of
Roses more than others, generally attacks the tree at
the point of union between stock and scion. William
Allan Richardson and Mare"chal Niel are two varieties
often affected, as also are many of the climbing Tea
Roses.
I know of no cure, and much doubt if the disease
does more than shorten the possible life of a long-lived
tree by a year or two. It seems to come from the re-
stricted flow of sap, caused by either the parent stock
or the grafted Rose being the one more vigorous than
the other. This you cannot always help, for it is not
easy to define exactly the requirements of every
Rose, and, when we consider it, growers have not
studied the varieties of the Dog Rose so closely that
they can make any difference in foster-parent selection
for the would-be child.
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Photograph by Reginald A. Malby, F.R.P.S.
KONIGIN CAROLA. (H.T.)
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109
CHAPTER XL
EXHIBITING.
<" Then gather the Rose in its fresh morning beauty —
Now, now, whilst 'tis youth, pluck the Roses of
love." — Tasso.
Exhibition Roses ! What^visions are conjured up
before the mind of an old exhibitor — memories of happy
days, although of strenuous labour ! But it does not
do to dwell too much upon the past, and few of us who
are interested in any particular subject care to be re-
galed with the reminiscences of others unless we are
able to personally benefit from their experience. Now,
I have much to say on the subject of exhibitions and
exhibiting, that I trust will be not only of interest, but
also helpful to many a grower of exhibition Roses,
whether for the show tent to give pleasure to others or
to remain in his own garden) a joy to himself and to
his personal friends. But before proceeding to dis-
course upon the actual culture of the exhibition Rose, I
think it is necessary to deal with the selection of most
suitable varieties.
Ah ! how selection makes one wish that he were
rich enough to grow them all, rich enough to maintain
a huge Rose garden with a bed devoted to
each variety. But what a stupendous task it
would be to collect and keep every known
varety going. I do not believe that any grower has
the smallest idea of how many varieties there are. Many
are now grown so seldom that it would be a very hard
matter to secure anything like all, although I venture
to think that someone ought to try and organise a
National Rose garden, where all varieties could be seen
to advantage. As I write I have before me a pile of
110 EXHIBITING.
catalogues from our leading nurseries, and in most of
them are lacking names of old friends — roses that have
won high awards in the past and have now gone out
of commerce. And why?. I will tell you. It is the
result of trade competition, which finds its standard of
perfection confined within the narrow limits of ad-
mirable and necessary rules laid down by the National
Rose Society, in conjunction with the fact that certain
important classes which command the premier awards
embrace too wide a field. Thus, since shape, colour,
and size define the perfect Rose, and Hybrid Per-
petuals, Hybrid Teas, and Teas are asked to yield their
best to make up these premier exhibits, what wonder
if the public taste is impaired.
The Hybrid Tea, taking nearly every post of
honour by its size and colour, dismisses from the show
tent — except in the case of small classes devoted to
them — the Hybrid Perpetual and the Tea Rose. But
here, in all fairness, I must admit that the Tea Rose
has less to complain of than the Hybrid Perpetual.
Now, the result is patent to all. The public views over
and over again in various exhibits the same varieties,
and every years it is much as before. The moment a
fresh Hybrid Tea Rose is born, equal in size and shape
to " Mildred Grant," " William Shean," or " Caroline
Testout," then out of the list goes a Hybrid Perpetual
or a Tea Rose, owing to its smaller size, and not even
its scent or shape can save it. True, it can be ex-
hibited in its special class — Hybrid Perpetual or a Tea
— but then these classes are generally small at all
shows. He is a bold nurseryman or amateur who
would venture to discard an indifferent " Mildred
Grant " for a fine " Sir Rowland Hill," or a " Caroline
Testout " for a " Duke of Edinburgh," and to trust to
the judges to consider the actual merits of the smaller
Rose. No; the only cure seems to me to be one Which
I have long wished for — namely, to put on an equal
footing Hybrid Perpetual, Hybrid Tea, and Tea classes,
making the number of varieties exhibited the same in
each section, and the awards of equal value. The
result would be that more varieties would be put before
EXHIBITING. Ill
the public, and many a good Rose would be resusci-
tated from the dust. Further, the trade and amateurs
would begin to specialise far more, and not only would
it result in better business, but better Roses would be
put before the horticulturist.
The trade has been gradually weaving about itself
its own chain, and, furthermore, the trade knows it;
but it finds it hard to break away. Now, I find it very
difficult to write on such an important subject without
being obliged to hit out straight from the shoulder
since nearly every trade Rose grower is well known to
me, and I like to count them all as personal friends, I
feel that I shall be forgiven the foregoing and follow-
ing remarks. If only amateurs would take the trouble
to visit some of our large Rose nurseries, and there in-
spect numberless varieties growing by their hundreds
and by their thousands, I am confident that the lists,
too often compiled under present conditions in the show
tent, would be considerably altered, and the trade would
wake up to the fact that what the amateur wanted was
what it, in reality, would far rather grow and sell —
namely, a tree fhat does well, a free bloomer, and a
sweet-scented rosy Rose. The general public wants
flowers, not chance blooms, and it likes to see a bush,
not two or three sticks with half-a-dozen leaves.
Granted the large grower likes to procure any new,
although possibly shy, variety, the general public might
not; they want Roses, and if tfie national flower is to
increase in popularity as fast as new varieties are being
introduced, then the classes in many schedules will
have to be revised. Here I feel it incumbent upon me
to say that if amateurs, when buying Roses in blissful
ignorance of what are the most suitable varieties, show
or otherwise, would leave the selection to the nursery-
man with whom they are dealing, they would be far
safer, and they would get their trees far cheaper, with,
of course, the exception of new varieties.
Again, in all fairness be it remarked, that the
average trade catalogue contains not only lists of the
best varieties for small growers to plant, but also, as
112 EXHIBITING.
far as possible, reliable particulars as to most sorts.
No nurserymen can be blamed for including1 in some
lists varieties that the sfiow tent has demanded, and
the general public has taken up, regardless of their
habit or anything other than the fact that they are
attractive and new varieties. Speaking generally,
however, I would always advise the Rose grower to
include in his selection of trees a large proportion of
old varieties, especially of Hybrid Perpetual Roses,
and, by making a careful study of their habits, to en-
deavour to select those sorts that will keep his garden
in constant flower. It can be done, but to do it he will
find that he will have to introduce many an old variety ;
but when, as an exhibitor, having a show to attend, he
is searching his Rose beds for varieties to make up the
required number to enable 'him to compete in some
class, he will live to bless the day of their introduction
into his garden. Again, when the amateur has given
up exhibiting, and is growing only for his own pleasure
and that of a few friends, he will find that many a
sturdy old variety will give far better results and
greater satisfaction than other sorts which to-day are
being introduced, and which show a marked lack of
stamina.
Here I will tilt a thorn at the hybridiser, and
inveigh against the raising, introducing, and efforts
made to popularise Roses devoid of scent.
A few years ago it seemed almost impossible to
think of a Rose other than that of a flower possessing"
the sweetest scent, but to-day, when varieties abound
having absolutely no perfume, we must discriminate,
and it is not hard to enumerate the really fragrant
Roses from those that are scentless or give but a poor
apology for the sweetness we expect.
Our hybridisers are much to blame in this matter,
and less attention should be paid to colour and easy re-
sults, and far more to the procuring of the type of Rose
which is ever a favourite with the general public —
namely, that possessing the greatest perfume.
EXHIBITING, 113
There has been considerable discussion amongst
Rose growers of recent years as to the desirability of
giving special points for scent when judging Roses at
shows; this in itself will testify to the true state of
things in the Rose world. The idea is good, but it is
not practical; for, as we all know, the perfume of a
variety ofttimes varies according to the stage of its
development when it is cut, and also, to a large extent,
to methods of cultivation. Again, the judging of ex-
hibits is already no easy matter, and takes far too long;
as it is. What it would come to if judges with highly
developed or defective olfactory powers were to discuss
the varying amounts and qualities of perfume, good-
ness only knows. It would gradually resolve itself into
a general treatment of giving all known scented varie-
ties an extra point, and thus we should get ofttimes
most doubtful adjudications.
The only way to improve matters is to encourage
the trade to study the real wishes of the general public,
and to interest all growers in each new Rose possess-
ing those qualities which place it above competing
rivals. Every year new Roses are placed upon the
market, and find their way into our nurseryman's lists
to captivate the public for a while as the latest novelty,
and to add a name or names to an ever-growing army
of varieties, which becomes more and more perplexing
to the amateur and onerous for the trade to keep in
commerce. Nearly every trader, as far as it is pos-
sible, gives a fair description of each variety, but in
all things there are degrees of excellence, and it is
hardly for them to put one variety before another, for
such preference can only be decided by general opinion,
and to get an (honest result the public should be placed
in a position to judge. At all shows it is most notice-
able the way even connoisseurs will bend down to smell
some exquisite flower, and I have repeatedly witnessed
looks of surprise and disappointment at the finding of
no scent, while I have ever noticed the great pleasure
evinced when the perfume came up to expectations.
Now, it is seldom that anyone would care to bend down
over innumerable blooms, especially if frequently dis-
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114 EXHIBITING.
appointed, so that the highest point of appreciation is
often missed, and if it is assured that a bloom is
sweetly scented, disappointment again follows when
trees are purchased and the flowers do not come up to
expectations. Growers have yet to realise that per-
fume in a Rose, with the majority of the public, ranks
first, colour second, shape and size third. Why is it
.that " La France " and " Marechal Niel " have re-
mained such favourites, together with many others,
such as the old " Gloire de Dijon " and " Tom
Wood"? It is simply their fragrance, for, as we
well know, many of the later introductions of similar
habit are equally beautiful, and even more attractive in
colour. What keeps " Augustine Guinoisseau,"
"Golden Gate," or " Camoens " as popular Roses?
Not their shape or size, not their colour or habit. No !
it is their wonderful perfume, which, when once noted,
is never forgotten, and, like many other varieties that
could be mentioned, they are starred in the lists of the
amateur before the majority possessing many other
qualities and recommendations. The wishes of the
Rose-loving pubMc are not altogether unknown to the
trader, but he finds it hard to secure novelties with that
ihigh degree of perfume found in many of the older
sorts. Novelties the public must have, and he takes
the easy road to procure them, choosing those varieties
that, being loose-petalled and not quite so full, seed
more freely and are more productive in new kinds.
Chance enters very largely into the productions of this
class of Rose, and the numerous varieties lately pro-
duced are evidence of this fact. Nevertheless, some of
our growers are most persevering, and follow up a
fixed line, and the result in the end is generally satis-
factory. We owe some of our best Roses to the un-
tiring efforts of a few scientific trade hybridisers who
have refused to accept frequent failures at Nature's
refusal to obey their thoughtful request. It is for the
general public to encourage such growers if they would
see an increase in the production of scented varieties.
Already a step has been made in this direction by
Messrs. Clay and Son, of fertiliser fame, of Stratford.
116 EXHIBITING.
This firm gave a magnificent challenge cup at the Royal
Horticultural Society's' Summer Show, held at Holland
House, on June 3oth, 1914, for " A New Rose, not yet
in commerce, possessing the True Old Rose Scent."
The competition is always keen, and some really good
Roses have been shown possessing sweet scent. The
public realise that the Roses that are winners and com-
petitors for this cup are worth growing, and their,
names are committed to memory as useful additions to
the garden.
Now, what Messrs. Clay have done should be fol-
lowed up. Both cups and medals should be awarded
by the N.R.S. for scented Roses, and I venture to
prophesy that the trade will bestir itself and compete
largely for any such awards that so carry the interest
of the public, and also promotes their own wishes.
Possibly, too, we shall witness a return to favour
of the H.P. Rose, and that a larger percentage of new
varieties will be of this class, since in proportion to
varieties there are certainly a greater number of
scented Roses in this class than any other, and, unlike
the H.T. and T. Roses, the H.P..S possess a greater
range of perfume. An increased popularity for H.P.s
would not be amiss, for this would lead to many im-
provements, and, I am sure, to a greater satisfaction
amongst amateurs. I have often wondered what would
be the effect on the Rose gardens of England after a
severe spell of very hard frost, such frosts as we use'd
to get many years ago. I venture to predict that their
return would be disastrous to the average Rose gar-
den of to-day, containing as they do a majority of Teas
and Hybrid Teas of none too robust a constitution : the
memories of the best would hang round the pot-pourri
jar and the trophies and medals won in previous years ;
the show tent of that year at least would give evidence
of the hardiest varieties to grow.
Now, it is not possible to condense into one chap-
ter all that I should like to say on the advantages and
disadvantages of exhibitions, or to instruct the grower
EXHIBITING. 117
fully in those steps to be taken to secure a bountiful
supply of blooms worthy of the high-sounding- title
" Exhibition Roses." Let me, therefore, take it for
granted that the reader will study carefully the chapters
in this book on planting, pruning, and general culture
of the " Queen of Flowers," and I will deal now witK
the supreme point — namely, that care of the Rose tree,
which will aid the grower in securing blooms of the
highest possible standard, and so worthy of the show
tent. It is disbudding — disbudding at the right time
and in the right way — that will secure a quantity of
high-class flowers. I could write a book on this one
point. Nature is so prolific that plants responding to
treatment demand continual attention, and the grower
who, when he is trying to secure certain results, does
not achieve them simply because he fails in what I
would term his finishing touches, is only throwing
away his efforts. When generously disbudding the
Rose trees of friends I have often been stopped by them
as one having some evil or malignant design, yet the
same friend will cut a Rose growing upon a stem still
crowded with buds, which would have added extra
strength in the development of a finer bloom had they
but been removed at the right time.
More buds do not necessarily mean more Roses,
for many will not develop; but they do mean smaller
blooms, and often a weaker tree. Take only two
varieties, "Clio" and "Robert Duncan." Without
disbudding they are of small value, and so it is with
many others. But unless we know our varieties here
comes in the great danger; if disbudded at the wrong
time some will resent such treatment. Too much sap
will be suddenly turned into a bud that is not prepared
to take it, and the result will be a malformed flower.
The best method for the amateur to adopt is to disbud
either in the very early or late stages of the growth of
the bud, and if there are many buds to remove, they
should be thinned out by instalments about every two
or three days, giving strong-growing trees a longer
interval between the operations. In the case of very
118 EXHIBITING.
sturdy shoots, it is wiser to remove buds when the one
you wish to retain is advanced in size. But here again
is a point to be considered. A grower has many shows
to attend, and does not want all his buds to be in the
same stage of growth, so that they all flower at the
same time. What is he to do? Well, try and keep
buds in different stages of growth on all trees, and
disbud earlier or later, as the season or shows require.
Many varieties, like " La France," will put out a
great number of shoots the moment disbudding is
started. These will have to be stopped early, for if
allowed to grow too strong before removal the sudden
check of sap will harm the root growth. By stopping
such, early, strong, and forward shoots growing up
from the bottom of the tree and giving a fine second
bloom will be secured. Experience is the best adviser,
for, although many trees seldom vary in their habits,
it must be admitted that a large number do so, accord-
ing to the soil and situation, and last, but not least,
the varying seasons for which our native land is so
noted.
It is the ambition of every true Rosarian to grow
Roses of the average high standard of excellence that
is to-day found exhibited at the best of our shows ; and,
having grown them, if there is any honest pride or true
sporting instinct in the grower, it becomes the earnest
desire of such to exhibit in competition with others of a
like temperament.
Now, since there are degrees of excellence, as
might very naturally be expected, ambition leads one
to aspire to the very topmost pinnacle of fame, and fo
attain the highest triumph of culture which the " Queen
of Flowers " is capable of producing. To achieve this
end, the grower has much to consider, and oft-times
likes and dislikes have to be laid aside, and he has to
bow to the ideas of the Rose world, and, to a certain
extent, conform to an ofttime hackneyed standard and
opinion. Nevertheless, the best Rose that has been
shown is always open to be excelled by a better, and
EXHIBITING. 119
ideas, after all, as to quality and comparison change as
often as the material that we have to judge. A Rose
can only be a Rose, after all, and there are limits to its
size, if not to its colour and shape. This is a most
cheering thought to the enthusiast who sets out to
conquer in the show tent, and the sight of some bloom
growing in a humble cottage garden as fine as any
ever exhibited by the grower of thousands buoys up the
hopes of the most despairing amateur, and certainly
calls to order the self-confidence of the most successful.
It is, after all, open to anyone to grow the best,
and secure the highest award that his sporting nature
and the love of his hobby has led him to compete for,
and it is open to all who show to attain such a standard
of excellence that the best is hardly the best, and it by
no means puts his endeavours if beaten into the shade.
We cannot do better than to consider those points
that make for the highest grade, and which, when
attained in the Rose, leaves us in possession of a per-
fect flower, a medal bloom. When I first began to
exhibit, the National Rose Society only permitted an
affiliated Rose Society to give two N.R.S. medals to
amateurs — one for the best H.P. and the other for the
best T. or H.T. It was always a difficult matter to
secure a medal for a good T. Rose when in competition
with an H.T., unless, of course, it happened to be a
bloom of one of the largest varieties.
But now, owing to the great increase in varieties
of H.T. Roses, the three divisions at shows are be-
coming more and more aistinct, and growers who
favour either have an equal chance of winning the
highest award — i.e., the N.R.S. silver medal.
Well do I remember one day at Bath, a beautiful
Rose I was showing of " Madame Jean Dupuy " being
just beaten in the eyes of the judges by a " Mildred
Grant." It is seldom that " Madame Jean Dupuy " is
ever fine enough to stand out as a medal bloom
amongst Teas, but to have to eclipse an H.T. is too
much, when size counts as a principal factor in the eyes
120 EXHIBITING.
of the judge. You may as well show a Brussels
Sprout in the same class as a cabbage, and expect an
equal chance of success. Yet, judged on merits and
possibilities, my Rose was the winner; and In part I
was satisfied, especially as one judge decided in its
favour.
I mention this case to emphasise the fact that,
although the classes are now more clearly defined, yet
certain varieties must naturally command a preference,
and unless the grower produces something abnormal
in the best of a variety, Roses still below the medium
size do not count when in competition with the giants
of their class, no matter what their colour or shape. I
will give you a good illustration in each class. Com-
pare " The Hon. Edith Gifford " with " White Maman
Cochet " in the Teas: or " La France " with "Mildred
Grant" and "William Shean " in the H.T.s; or
"Grand Mogul" with "Mrs. John Laing " and
" Frau Karl Druschki " in the H.P.s. What chance
(have they got unless they are, as I have said, ab-
normally above the best? No; you may grow the
Roses of your heart's selection, but you must also in-
clude many you like less if you would conquer in the
fray and win the highest awards. But to our old re-
frain. A Rose is but a Rose, in spite of all the decisions
that iudges may pass, and we love them all. and, as far
as we are able, we will secure the best of each variety,
and then the finest of its class, and challenge our
neighbours to show a better.
Oh ! how I fought to win a N.R.S. medal for " La
France," my favourite Rose, but never have succeeded.
I have shown boxes of twelve in the open, and have
even beaten a twelve of " Mildred Grant," shown by
one of our largest trade growers at a big show, but
yet I have always been a point behind on a single
bloom. But in Rose-growing you never know your
own luck, and perhaps one day a tree will throw up a
shoot that will produce the perfect giant that shall
carry you to victory, or a David equally perfect, that
shall excel over all the giants of your adversaries.
EXHIBITING. 121
However, until then we will persevere, and do all
in our power to secure as many medal blooms as we
can. Now, nearly every grower each year will secure
Roses worthy of the highest award ; but, unfortunately,
when they are at their best, the show is either over or
not yet on, and so our would-be champions die untried.
This is sad, but all the same it is what we must expect,
and the higher the standard of perfection we attain in
cultivating" Roses, the more often will this happen ;
indeed, I will go so far as to state that nearly every
larg-e grower at almost every show loses a medal only
by hours of undeveloped or over-developed growth.
But such hardly pay the same attention to their Roses
as does the small grower, for the production of a medal
bloom is with the latter more the result of untiring- care
and good gardening. To such a one the excitement of
the show tent is immense, and the victory or defeat is
far more acutely felt than by him who has the command
of legions to draw from. It is for such that this
chapter is intended, and I trust that the following1 cul-
tural notes will be of service.
The growing of a medal bloom — for we must take
the highest standard of perfection — commences with
the purchase of the tree, for everything depends upon
the quality of the standard, bush, or climber that is to
be planted.
Every tree should possess at planting, well-grown,
clean young shoots of one year's growth, that spring
from a base well incorporated with a stock which, in
its turn, is well supplied with clean, undamaged
fibrous roots. The variety selected should be budded
on to a stock most suited to its habit of growth, as also
the nature of the soil in which it is to be grown.
Experience is the best adviser on this latter point,
although, as a general rule, the requirements of the
variety is the chief consideration in selecting the stock.
Most of our best H.P.s are grown on the Manetti,
which certainly produces more vigorous growth, and,
if it does not ensure longevity to the tree, yet the per-
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EXHIBITING. 123
centage of large blooms is certainly greater than that
obtained from any other stock. For H.T.s, without
a doubt, the Briar cutting is the best stock that can be
used, and it seldom fails to make good, permanent
plants, with a quantity of fibrous roots. For T. Roses
I have always shown a preference for the seedling
Briar, which produces later blooms than the Briar cut-
ting, and maintains a greater vigour to a later period
of the year. However, both these latter stocks are ex-
cellent, and H.T.s and T.s should, according to the
time of flowering of the variety, be grown on each.
Having secured, as early in the season as possible,
specimen trees, see to it that you do not neglect any;
point that may tend to lessen their chances of success.
Whatever the tree, it will always be noticed that
it is the young, sturdy wood that produces the medal
bloom, and gives to it the substance so essential for
its remaining a considerable time in perfection. As
all likely shoots develop, they should receive the lion's
share of the grower's attention, and such pests as
green fly, caterpillars, and the like should not be so
much as named in their presence. The surface of the
soil round the tree must Be kept well forked, and a
generous supply of water given to the tree every two
or three days. A little fertiliser, such as Clay's, may
be added as the buds begin to swell, but with newly
planted trees there should be enough in the well-pre-
pared border for every shoot grown in the first year.
It is seldom that a shoot of the kind we require
throws up one bud only, except in certain varieties that
are naturally shy bloomers. This being the case, the
grower must learn the greatest of all arts in helping
to secure medal blooms — namely, that of disbudding.
With most varieties it is wisest to remove, as soon as
possible in the very earliest stages, all buds except the
centre one ; but in a few varieties whicfi are rapid and
coarse growers, this operation should be done at an
earlier stage of development, to prevent too much sap
from being turned too rapidly into a channel unable to
receive and assimilate it. Experience will be our best
124 EXHIBITING.
schoolmaster in this respect, and before we get medal
blooms of some varieties~many a good bud will grow
out at the centre or become deformed, and so spoilt.
Here it must be mentioned that the three factors
that decide a perfect Rose are size, colour, and shape,
and it may be added, in case of a tie, scent. All,
therefore, that can be done to develop either of these
to the fullest extent must be done to win our prize.
Size and shape depend upon the subjects we have
already considered, even careful cultivation ; so does
also colour to a very large degree; yet there is another
influence that tends to impair rather than improve all
colour that must be considered. This is shading.
There is quite a large percentage of medal blooms e'er
they are brought into the show tent that will have to
have undergone a period of shading to protect them
from severe rains, too fierce a sun, or from being
blown to pieces by violent winds.
It is no mean art to know when or how to shade,
for, as every grower is aware, the less shading you
employ, the stronger the bloom and the finer the
colour. Still, we dare not run risks of damage, and,
since shading also will help us to retard too forward a
bud, we make every use of the neat little caps de-
vised for this purpose. These can be obtained from
John Pinches, of 3, Crown Buildings, Crown Street,
Camberwell.
Learn, therefore, when to shade, and remember
always never to leave a rain-soaked shade close down
over a bloom, to be dried in turn by the sun, else your
flower will rot, or at any rate get discoloured; also,
excess of shading will cause the petals to lose their
substance, and to become papery in texture and pale
in colour. This is especially noticeable in such varie-
ties as "Bessie Brown" and "Mildred Grant."
Equally important as shading is the tying with very
thick worsted the centre petals of the flowers. This
EXHIBITING. 125
not only keeps the petals clean, but it holds them
together, and has the effect of making them grow
longer and more pointed. The pieces of worsted
should be about ten inches long, and should have the
ends turned over in two kinks, so that the expanding
flower can loosen of itself the wool as it grows. Never
place the loop over the outside petals; these should
always remain untied, to grow as they will. When
the tie is placed over the inside petals, pull the end of
the worsted gently, so that the centre of the flower is
compact and yet not too tight. If the Rose grows
very rapidly and the wool cuts it a little, then gently
loosen it a trifle. In this tied-up state, when ready
the bloom should be cut and wired, and placed in the
tube of water in your show-box; nor should it be un-
tied and brushed out until it is wanted to be got ready
inside the tent, when the worsted may be slipped off,
and then, as a rule, the petals will unfold, and with
hardly a touch a medal bloom will be disclosed. In
cutting the bloom, remove with it about eight inches
of stalk, because if you are successful your bloom
will be raised by the judges in your box, and there is
often a danger that it may be lifted out of the water,
when it will soon fade in a hot tent. Although
chance may now and again give you an occasional
medal bloom, yet the exhibitor must not hope for re-
sults in this way. A good flower is always worth
considerable care from the bud ; and here let me
strongly deprecate what I would term faking, by over-
dressing and the like, so strongly resented by all true
lovers of the " Queen of Flowers." Believe me, it
is very, very seldom that a faked flower wins a N.R.S.
medal. Petals unnaturally forced open, pinched into
position, or cut with scissors are not of the order of
medal blooms, and such practices are only of neces-
sity, when varieties are hard to get to make up a
required number; then some stubborn bud is requisi-
tioned, or a damaged flower is shorn of bruised or
mutilated petals to fill a gap.
A common practice is to damp all moss in the
show-box when the blooms are installed into their
126 EXHIBITING.
positions, and then to shut down for their journey.
A flower treated thus will get spotted and damaged in
hot weather if confined in a small box without air. By
all means damp the moss when you get to the show,
for this is a great help in a hot tent. Again, when
making ready your box, unless very much pressed for
time, attend to the medal bloom last, so as to save it
and from expanding too rapidly. Now, although such a
point as a colour scheme must enter into the arrange-
ment of every show-box, yet, if you have a very likely
bloom, this should be given the principal position, and
only colours calculated to set it off to advantage
should be placed near it to enforce its catching the
judge's eye, a very valued point when the varfety on
which you pin your faith, although exceptional of its
kind, has to challenge larger varieties for the pre-
mier position. Before leaving your box see that your
Rose has a well-written label with its name correctly
spelt — a warning much needed, since, if it wins, the
uninitiated public are certain to write it down in their
books. If successful and an enterprising photo-
grapher seeks to immortalise your flower at small cost,
do not refuse him the honour, for the pleasure you
will derive from the picture in years to come will be
well worth the money. It will bring back to memory
not only the triumph, but also all your hard labour and
care, which, in that case at any rate, resulted in so
great a success. To be successful you must start
right, that is you must observe all the rules of the
game, for after all Rose exhibiting is a sport second
to none, and this is the decision of one who, in humi-
lity be it written, has held his own in most athletic
sports and engaged in many contests with success.
The real lover of the Rose is proud to compete with
rival growers, and the joy of breaking a thorn in the
show tent is life to the true sporting instinct. My
advice is, show, and show as big as you can, do not
mind defeat; your day will come, either it will be a
medal bloom, or else a first, second or third prize for
a box or vase of blooms.
The first time I ever showed I was so disgusted
with my effort that I nearly closed my box and placed
EXHIBITING. 127
it under the bench ; but a more sporting instinct for-
bade it, and instead I mentally resolved to take a first
next year, which I did, and on more than one occasion.
Then a friend who persuaded me to exhibit had to
look to his laurels. Soon, however, he was playing
second fiddle at all shows, and I was challenging the
trade in small open classes, winning my share of
prizes and learning lessons and evolving ideas of
value.
Did I set my fieart on winning a twelve distinct
varieties in hot competition, then I showed a box of
24 varieties and a vase. My rivals noted the strength
of my vase and my 24 box, and staged accordingly,
trying to beat me in all. A glance would tell me my
fate had I left my exhibits as staged, but wisdom is
justified of her children, and before the bell rang to
exclude exhibitors from the show tent, lo and behold!
like a quick-change artist a bloom of a similar variety
had been exchanged from my 24 to the 12 box, or
vice -versa, and my vase, had played a similar hand
in the game, so that what was weakness when my
rivals gazed upon the exhibit now was strength be-
yond their power to cope with, and the bell soon put
them out of court. I wired my vase Roses as for my
box, simply bending down the wires, which were
easily bent back into place on the change being made.
Oh, the joy of beating a rival who had visited your
box at least ten times to weigh up your strength be-
fore risking a bloom in another direction, in which
possibly you were also competing.
What laughter and what good fun to see him
hustle all to no purpose; ofttimes what consternation
to find you had left it too late, or he was playing a
similar game, or you had forgotten and left two of a
variety in a box and got disqualified from trying to
be too clever. It was my greatest joy to interest new
growers in exhibiting, and often I have staged exhi-
bits to beat my own and those of other friends.
128 EXHIBITING.
•Many is the good tale I could recount of the show
tent and days of preparation, if only I had time and
space.
A great practice of mine was to tie up my blooms
with soft worsted, even to the outer petals, when
travelling, to keep them clean and preserve them
against damage. One day before a show at Bath I
had treated a box of 24 belonging to a friend of mine
in this fashion, and all were ready for the journey. A
competitor from Warminster called to see my friend's
garden, and the old gardener showed him his em-
ployer's exhibit, which looked more like a collection of
trussed fowls than show Roses. The Warminster ex-
hibitor patronisingly comforted the old gardener, and
trusted that they would do well, but conveyed no hone
The old gardener, however, was not to Be dismayed ;
he simply shut down the box and replied, " You wait
'til fhe governor has put them through the mangle I "
Through the mangle they went ; that is, they were un-
tied and brushed out clean and fresh, and my friend
from Warminster, who was beaten, never said another
word.
A regulation show box is an absolute necessity,
and I always had the tubes that held the Roses made
two inches deeper, so as to give greater elevation if
required, and also to hold more water. Some Rose
stems have to be cut short, and it is most vexing to be
unable to elevate a bloom to the required height. There
is no one to equal John Pinches for boxes and tubes,
and also for store boxes for spares; it is quite an art
to turn these out strong and yet light enough to re-
duce railway charges, a considerable item in these
days. Good moss is also half the battle, and this
should be got from the country a few days before the
show ; it only requires to be spread in fhe shade and
watered down every evening to last for many weeks.
The surface of a well-mossed box sets off the
Roses to advantage, and nice fresh, green, feathery
moss from the woods is hard to beat.
EXHIBITING. 129
I have said very little about the cutting of our
blooms ; this is best left until the morning- of the show,
but Tea Roses can be cut the day before, and if stood
in water in the dark they will grow a little, and cer-
tainly the petals will be easier to dress.
Most Roses go to sleep at night; that is, their
petals shut somewhat, and it is safest not to disturb
them, for you can do very little with them until the
sun is up. The value of Roses like Horace Vernet
cannot be well determined until the sun is up, and it
is not wise to cut your reds too early, as they lose
their fire and brilliance if kept too long in water.
A good deal of judgment is necessary as to what
to cut first, especially when you have many Roses to
wire and stage, but it is a golden rule to start with
the Teas, for these grow in water. Then cut and wire
up your white and pink Roses that are ready the even-
ing before, and write all labels as you cut, and 'place
them in their tubes. Leave your youngest blooms
until the last moment. Experience alone will teach
you what to cut and when to cut, but speaking gener-
ally, a Rose to last well should be one on the under-
developed side that will stand being cut the evening
before the show. When cut and wired up all Roses
should be tied, and thick worsted should be used to
hold in place the petals until they are brushed out in
the show tent. Always take a goodly number of spare
blooms, for you are certain to want one or more, and
even the most careful exhibitor will meet with acci-
dents.
In dressing a Rose there is nothing to beat the
handle of your budding knife and a large camel's hair
brush ; scissors I have never used ; no, not even to
remove a damaged petal. Indeed, most of the work
can be done with your first finger and thumb and a
puff of breath blown sharply into a tightly closed
bloom to loosen the petals should be enough. In dress-
ing a Rose always work from the outer petals, laying
these low before the next row Is touched. Cupped
petals require often the pressure of the tip of the first
130 EXHIBITING.
finger on the outside at the base; this causes a slight
indentation which makes the petal lie back; for other
petals a slight pinch given at the base will suffice ;
others only the downward pressure of the camel's 'hair
brush need be brought to bear. Do not, good reader
go way with the idea that blooms at flower shows are
faked, or that there is anything unnatural in the dress-
ing of a show Rose.
I have noticed every bloom —
A secret I'm confessing!
Like a blushing bride or groom,
Needs a little dressing.
No judge would pass a faked or damaged flower; the
exhibitor only tries by gentle method's to so present
his Rose that at the time of judging, it is at its fullest
glory, which, unless open and properly displayed, it
could not be.
I have often coaxed a large bud ready to unfold
into a glorious blushing Rose, and it has often saved
the situation when I have been short of a bloom. It
is a gentle art, and I am proud of being a pastmaster
of the same, far more so than any exhibitor of birds>
cattle or horses, all of which exhibits need, in their
way, like showmanship before they pass the judge's-
eye. There is, however, the greater difference ; flowers-
require so little, indeed, hardly a touch if you catch-
them just right.
Whether it be an exhibit of garden Roses or a
box of exhibition blooms, staging will always count,
and, no matter what folk say, weigh heavily with the
judges.
Study, therefore, so to arrange your colours that
the one bunch or single bloom sets off its next-door
neighbour to advantage : a white, a red, a yellow, a
red, a pink, and so on ; avoid as far as possible the
staging of two colours next to each other.
If you are called upon to judge exhibits, while
remembering the rules and regulations of the N.R.S.,
yet use your judgment and knowledge of what a Rose
EXHIBITING. 131
can be and what it is ; if you do not know the variety,
then judge it as a Rose of colour and shade, and any
other point, such as freshness and staging. I fear
my brethren will think me disloyal to the N.R.S., but
I refuse to accept the pointing of blooms as a sure
guide as to the best collection.
A careful inspection will soon show which is first,
second and third ; and in the case of a tie, which is
most unlikely, minor points, such as staging, should
count. There is always some militating facfor, such
as over-dressing, a split bloom, a flower that is not
quite fresh, one that is undersized or off colour, that
can turn the scale. The pointing of blooms depends
entirely upon your knowledge of all of the flowers to
be judged, and if you are growers of them all there
will be no need to point. I have often smiled when I
have seen brother amateur judges attempting to point
up exhibits of Alex Dickson, of Ireland. This famous
grower nearly always includes in his collections most
of his latest novelties, and I have known for a fact
that many of the Roses shown were quite unknown
to the judges who were attempting to point them up
according to N.R.S. rules. A careful study of all
exhibits at a show will soon teach you more than my
Rose book can in a chapter devoted to exhibiting-.
Experience is everything in Rose growing and
showing, and I owe my first introduction to the ex-
hibiting world to the King's Acre Nurseries, Here-
ford, who first fathered my early efforts The show
tent for me is now a dream of the past, but it is one
full of my most pleasant memories, and my greatest
wish is, that the day will come again when once more
I shall challenge my old friends, and exhibit and judge
with the best of them.
pjRSaftiptffURSUFynSPcJ^^
ANTHOS & Co.
. . Court Florists . .
1, QUEENS ROAD, 139, KENSINGTON
BAYSWATER. HIGH STREET.
le jj)ecoratiens
j^jouse J^ecorations and
ial Designs a ^pecialily g
Estimates and Suggestions for
Decorations in different periods
and styles, such as Adam Style,
Early Victorian, 20th Century
and Futurist, free of Charge. ::
Photograph by Reginald A.. Malby, F.E.P.S.
JOANNA BRIDGE. (H.T.)
ELISHA J. HICKS, 1916.
•
Photograph by Reginald A. Malby, F.E.P.S.
GOLDEN SPRAY. (H.T.)
HUGH DICKSON, LTD., 1916,
133
CHAPTER XII.
ROSES FOR DECORATIONS.
41 Let us crown ourselves with Rosebuds before they
be withered." — Solomon.
Sprays and Buttonholes. — The love of the Rose
defies fashion, and thus it is that we often see city
men of all classes, in hours of recreation and strenuous
work, wearing some token of their affection for the
Queen of Flowers. I have known men and women
who would hardly think of ever wearing a flower, de-
lighting to wear a Rose, and who were not too exact-
ing as to its colour, shape and size.
The love of the flower comes first; we want to
carry it with us, feast our eyes upon it, smell it, and
even touch it.
Like the country lad, who wears a big bunch of
primroses or violets in his cap because it is the safest
place and most honoured, so we, when fancy takes us,
pin in with care into our dress a bud or blossom of
the flower we love.
Not so many years ago it used to be quife a com-
mon custom to wear a buttonhole, so much so that
fashions in buttonholes changed from time to time
with dress, the correct size and shape was almost
dictated to you by your tailor or your florist ; but the
tailor to-day does not concern the true lover of the
Rose, and the florist is not there to advise so much as
he is to supply what we desire. In great cities price
becomes a ruling factor, and nearly all good things
are dear. As much as we love the Rose, there is
always the element of personal pride to consider, and
few of us would venture to court undue attention
through a buttonhole. You could hardly imagine a
134 EOSES FOE DECOEATIONS.
city man going to his club with a full bloom of Paul
Neron in his coat, or of William Sheen, Her Majesty,
or Mildred Grant ; but a beautiful bud of Homer,
Richmond, Marie Van Houtte, or Auguste Comte —
yes!
We get very particular as we become connoisseurs
of Roses; I have often gone out into the garden for
a buttonhole, and wandered round hundreds of trees
in bloom to find what I wanted, and, when found, have
discarded it for something I liked better.
If you were to make up a hundred buttonholes of
a morning from your Rose garden, and then lay them
all out upon a table, your choice would be found to
rest between three or four at the most ; as much as
you might like all the rest, yet there will ever be found
points that will command themselves to you, and
these, to a certain extent, will vary with the day. A
red Rose on a very hot day will give place to a white
or a pink variety, and on a very cold day vice versa.
A Rose, too, according to colour, will attract more at
certain times of the day ; this seems to be incredible,
but it is so; and I take it that choice of colour largely
depends upon the light that does it justice and the
state of our health. Yellow Roses never show at their
best in the evening, especially with artificial light, but
reds are superb. Shades of pink are of the morning
choice, yellow mid-day, white afternoon.
It is an interesting study, and there is a lot in it.
As I have said, state of health will to a large extent
influence our choice of colour; temperament, too, is
a ruling factor; such point Fo a" very careful selection.
A Rose to all of us is welcome in any colour, like the
highlander who declared that there was no such thing
as bad whisky, but that some brands were better than
others ; so we declare it to be the case with the Rose.
Yes, and the buttonhole Rose; but as I have been
pointing out, there is need for variety. For instance,
as much as you may love the Rose, you would not
always wish to wear one variety. I am constant in
ROSES FOE DECORATIONS. 135
my great love for " La France," but to wear it every
day would not please me. If you are going" to a
dinner, a miniature buttonhole selected from the
Dwarf Polyanthas or Pompons, such as Eugenie
Lamesch, Leonie Lamesch, Petit Constant and Perle
d'Or would be delightful, but a fine Madame Hoste or
a Hugh Dickson would be overpowering; you put
your overcoat on in the day and change the order,
and the result will be the reverse, for unless a button-
hole is made very big the little Pompon Roses could
not compare with a large shapely bud selected from
the greater number of our favourites. Clothes to a
large extent must govern choice, and especially with
the fair sex, but here the buttonhole Rose merges into
the spray and the bud is wedded with more than one
full-blown flower to give effect.
It thus becomes imperative to choose a Rose that
in every stage from bud to full-blown flower is of ser-
vice, and here we consider points that have always
been overlooked by those that have dealt with the sub-
ject. I hold it essential that a Rose used for a lady's
spray should possess perfume, for you will seldom find
a well-made spray without one or two fully-developed
Roses.
Again, a well-made spray will require a little
wiring, if it is only used to keep the blooms in posi-
tion, to strengthen the stalks, or keep the leaves in
place; and in the hands of the cunning florist even
petals will be wired to prevent their over-expansion
and loss of that beauty that is found in bud and semi-
developed flower.
The leaf of the Rose, too, is a great consideration,
for nature is the best judge, and it is seldom that
we can match from another tree that which she has
created to be the setting of a beautiful flower. Often
and often I have experimented on this matter, and it
is wonderful to find how shades of green, texture and
shape of leaves, are formed to suit a particular variety.
This is a most important point in Roses used for
136 EOSES FOE DECOEATIONS.
ladies' sprays, but of not so much consequence in a
gentleman's buttonhole, where only one or two at
most are used, and the leaf is less displayed.
Take the foliage of Victor Hugo, which is most
•distinct; this sets off this glorious Hybrid Perpetual
to the very best advantage, but you would find it out
of place with other Roses, and so it is with nearly all
varieties.
In making selections, therefore, it will be seen
how many points there are to consider if we wish to
include in our collection of Roses a few trees that will
provide us with blooms for personal adornment. This
subject is not, as some may think, a matter of small
moment, for a good buttonhole Rose is nearly always
a good vase Rose, and it is equally good for table
decorations.
I will, therefore, select a few of the best, and try
as far as possible to divide them into groups, not with
the intention of producing a Rose for every hour of
the day or according to your outlook on life, but for
general use and as necessary varieties of a well-chosen
collection, remembering always that he who loves the
Rose and has limited garden space will never despise
others of a less attractive nature.
In making selection we will choose those best
suited for miniature buttonholes, and for this purpose
the Dwarf Polyanthas or Pompons are beyond com-
pare. There is a goodly list of varieties, and all can
he grown as front rankers to a large Rose bed, and
will prove to be a most attractive edging. I give as
my selection the following six varieties : Ceclle Brun-
ner, Eugenie Lamesch, Georges Pernet, Leonie
Lamesch, Perle d'Or, Petit Constant. These are all
very fine flowering and hardy, and do well on most
soils; they should not be too severely pruned, indeed,
beyond thinning out and the removal of old and dead
wood in the spring, very little else is required. The
next class of Rose, incomparable for a buttonhole, is
the Moss Rose, and almost any of these are suitable
ja
*3
ttil
Illl
^i.-*
!*
Illl JiJ
EOSES FOE DECOEATIONS. 137
in the bud. The following- are some of the best : —
Blanche Moreau, Crested, Crimson Globe, Old Pink,
Reine Blanche, Zenobia.
All Moss Roses require a good rich soil, and with
few exceptions, light pruning is advised. They are
grown best as short pillar Roses, 6 to 8 feet, accord-
ing to the variety, or under a wall in a sunny position.
It is here that we see them at their best in cottage
gardens and in gardens of old country houses.
From Tea-scented Roses we could make out a
very lengthy list for sprays and buttonholes, but we
will content ourselves with twelve of the best : Anna
Olivier, Auguste Comte, Homer, Lady Hillingdon,
Luciole, Ma Capucine, Madame Chedane Guinoisseau,
Madame Falcot, Madame Jean Duprey, Marie Van
Houtte, Rubens, Sunset.
Tea Roses are the best class of Roses for cultiva-
tion under glass, and many a nice buttonhole or spray
can be secured in the early spring by those who will
pot up a few of the best varieties. In the open they
love a rich light soil. They are true perpetuals, and
bloom late into the autumn when Roses are scarce.
If they are grown in exposed positions they require
some protection from severe frosts, but they are far
hardier than is generally supposed.
From the Noisette Roses I will select two good
buttonhole varieties, L'Ideal and William Allen Rich-
ardson. I would add to these Marechal Niel, but it is
generally found too large and heavy, although nice
blooms for ladies' sprays can be had.
Without doubt the most important class for but-
tonhole Roses is the Hybrid Tea class, for here we
find a wonderful range of colours, of shapely buds, of
subtle perfume, and of lovely leaves. To select twelve
varieties here is to be bold indeed, but I will step in
where angels may fear to tread, and boldly select the
following : — Betty, Gustave Regis, Helene Guillot,
Joseph Hill, Killarney, Liberty, Melody, Mrs. Aaron
Ward, Mrs. F. L. Izzard, Pharisaer. Richmond.
Sunburst.
Winifred Walker,
F.R.H.S..
SPECIALIST IN FLOWER
PORTRAITURE.
Exhibitor at the Royal Academy, also Society
of Women Artist*. Medallist R.H.S.
Illustrator to the leading Gardening Papers, and
Horticultural firms of Great Britain and America.
A limited number of pupils received at the
Artists London address : —
28, Rivercourt Road, W.6.
'Phone : 475 Hammermith.
GEORGE LILLEY,
ROSE SPECIALIST.
Cippenham * * * Slough.
Winner of 1st & 2nd Prizes at National
Kone Shoica, also Medal for displays.
Price List free on application. Two good
new Roses to le distributed Autumn 1922.
Mrs. E. J. Hudson, H.T.
Color, bright rosy pink, large well pointed flowers, in the
way of Mrs W. J. Grant, from which it is a Seedling. Free
flowering and strong grower, a good exhibition rose, no doubt
will be found in every box, also fine for cutting with long stems.
Price 7s. 6. (Dwarfs).
Marcia Stanhope, H.T.
Pure r?hite, sweet scented, no doubt the sweetest white
rose ever raised, a Seedling from the well-known Druschki, but
a more compact habit of growth, which makes it better for
bedding, it is a good shaped full flower.
Price 7s. 6d. (Dwarfs).
EOSES FOE DECOEATIONS. 139
There is no need here to give special notes on
cultivation, but I would remind the reader that al-
though for the most part Hybrid Teas are very hardy,
yet a number like the Teas need protection in severe
weather. In pruning we find as a class they need
less than the Teas or Hybrid Perpetuals.
The Hybrid Perpetuals are most of them on the
heavy side for buttonholes and sprays, but neverthe-
less it is in this class that scent and thick velvety
petals are found. The following six varieties are a
fair selection, but there are many that are as good,
and for shades of red, the old Hybrid Perpetual is hard
to beat.
Here are my six best buttonhole H.P. Roses:
Fisher Holmes, General Jacqueminot, Glorie Lyon-
naise, Hugh Dickson, Prince Camille de Rohan, Sir
Rowland Hill, Victor Hugo. Nearly all the Hybrid
Perpetuals are very hardy, they respond to liberal
treatment, and require more or less severe pruning
for fine flowers.
It must be remembered that a good buttonhole
Rose should be a fine flower in the making, and such
are not found on uncared-for trees.
Good buttonholes and sprays can be obtained from
other classes of Roses, such as the China Roses and
Austrian briars, but there is, after all, a limit to
selection, and doubtless the grower will, even if he
includes the whole list I have given, often find some-
thing more attractive.
We do not want to wait for a buttonhole, and it
is a pleasure to be certain of finding one at any time
our trees are in bloom. It is for this reason that we
include in our collection of varieties those trees that
will never fail us whenever we desire a flower either
for ourselves or for our friends.
House Decoration. — To have Roses in the garden
is a joy indeed, but we hardly seem to get the full
value for our trouble and care'until we cut and bring
into the house the Roses we love best. Here we give
140 ROSES FOE DECOEATIONS.
them a prominent position, and as often as we enter
the room they help to decorate, we feast our eyes
upon their beauty, and their perfume delights out
senses. If you live in a large town where flowers are
difficult to obtain, the florist's shop is your principal
source of supply, and you have little to worry about
beyond the cost, for only the very best flowers go to
market, and even then these are sorted out and
bought up by florists who know the likes and dislikes
of their clients and that which is most calculated to
appeal to the public eye. Everything has to be con-
sidered by the man in the trade, from the vase of cut
blooms to the decoration of a ball-room, and special
requirements entail special orders to the grower. I
marvel every time I pass a florist's shop at the Roses
of to-day; it hardly seems possible that"~sudh wonder-
ful blooms can be grown in and out of season.
The length of stem, the cleanness of the foliage,
and the perfection of the blooms is astonishing, even
to a countryman who is used to viewing nature in all
her glory, used to gardens, used to nurseries and to
fields.
Of course, it must be remembered that most of
the Roses sold by the florist are raised under glass,
are fed, cared for and grown to the very height ol
perfection by experts, in season and out. All things
considered, even massed production, it is a marvel to
me how cheap Roses are upon our markets to-day;
and yet there is room for a greater trade in the Rose
world.
Fashion is a fickle jade that seldom knows her
own mind, and it is distressing to find that even Rose
growers court her to some extent, for they have to
grow according to demand.
In house decoration pot plants play a consider-
able r61e, and fashion decrees the most favoured
flower. The Rose, however, is always welcome, and
every year its popularity increases as new varieties are
placed upon the market that are suited for special
purposes. Is it a group of pot Roses for the hall or
EOSES FOE DECOEATIONS. 141
a corner of the drawing-room? Well, any Rose is
welcome, but for effect and lasting powers the follow-
ing list is hard to beat for tall flowering varieties : —
American Pillar, Blush Rambler, Dorothy Per-
kins, Excelsa, Hiawatha, Lady Godiva, Minnehaha,
Mrs. F. W. Flight, Scarlet Climber (Paul's), and
Tausendschon — these are all good Roses for forcing
and for lasting. For dwaf, free flowering decorative
varieties : Ellen Poulsen, Jessie, Mrs. W. H. Cutbush,
Orleans Rose, are without doubt the best to-day.
Given such varieties the possibilities of an indoor
group becomes immense. I have seen Rambling
Roses in pots trained as a Windmill, a Light House,
a Ship, a Sundial, any of which give a most interesting
and pleasing effect far in advance of the early Vic-
torian idea of large baskets and garlands. Still, the
gilt basket will live, not only by reason of the pretty
idea of a basket of Roses, but because it hides the
pots and gives an ever-pleasing effect.
Those who visited the last Antwerp Exhibition
will never forget the English exhibit, with its thou-
sands of choice English Roses brought over by our
leading nurserymen and arranged in large gold baskets
on a miniature lawn. Mr. Anthos, the well-known
florist of Bayswater, had the control of the British
exhibits, and it could not have been placed in better
hands.
The Queen of Flowers indeed held court, and our
national emblem successfully challenged all comers
and immortalised our horticultural trade and our
florists' skill.
Certain varieties, like Ophelia, Killarney, Richmond
Ulrich Brunner, Sunburst, Melody, Frau Karl Dru-
schki, Mme. Abel Chatenay and others, if grown well,
will not need wire, but most of the Teas, such as
Niphetos, Marechal Niel, Catherine Mermet, The
Bride and many others require support. It must be
remembered that a hot room, with the marked change
of temperature every night, will soon cause a Rose to
hang its head. If it is wired it cannot do this, and
Perpetual
Flowering
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EOSES FOE DECOEATIONS. 143
//they flag", provided the stalks are cut and the blooms
taken out and allowed to rest in water floating up to
the head, they soon recover. At the best the life of
a Rose is but short when cut, and for this reason the
would-be buyer hesitates to make a purchase; but the
grower knows what is wanted, and only the opening
bud or ihalf-developed Rose goes to market, and then
of those varieties that last best.
We must leave all funeral designs, emblems 61
peace and the like out of our chapter, and before
closing the same add a few words on the Bouquet,
which although carried at functions such as weddings
and receptions, yet, as a rule, afterwards occupies a
prominent position in water as a decoration to a room.
When we think of the early Victorian bouquet, made
in close cauliflower shape, surrounded with its white
paper frill, we sigh for poor Roses wedged in with
other flowers, throttled and decked out like a ham
bone. But it was the spirit of the age, for even ladies
tight-laced, wore crinolines, frills and sun bonnets.
The style of clothing reflected itself in the bouquet;
indeed, a pretty face in a sun bonnet will for ever
remind me of the Victorian bouquet and its contem-
porary buttonhole. The age gradually became less
prim, Queen Rosa smiled from the shower bouquet,
with its trails of smilax and fern : the blooms were
arranged in looser fashion, and bud and full-blown
flower took their place midst portions of natural
foliage. Then came the American innovation of ribbon,
and the bouquet was done up with trails of very nar-
row ribbons with flowers fastened on to the same.
This style was of short duration, and it soon gave way
to the sheaf which is popular to-day. The sheaf of
Roses consists of long stemme I ''owers tied in ^ a
natural bunch with ribbons to matdh. The florist
sighs, but the Rose grower rejoices ; for his glorious
productions are displayed to their best advantage, and
as far as we can judge it will be many years before
there will be any great change.
A 'B. P.' House that
is suitable for the
growing of Roses, &c.
Rose Culture
under Glass
needs of the enthusiastic cultivator
L of Roses are served best by the century-
old firm of BOULTON & PAUL, LTD.,
Norwich. They are renowned for their perfec-
tion of detail in all buildings necessary to
successful Horticulture, and also specialise in
the manufacture of requisites to suit the
requirements of outdoor gardening.
A typical example of one
of B. & P. Specialities
— for training roses —
ult6n&raul
LONDON OFFICE: 135-13? QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, B.C.
Photograph by Reginald A. Malby, F.E.P.S.
MRS. CURNOCK SAWDAY. (H.T.)
E- J- HICKS, 1920.
Photograph by Reginald A. Malby, F.R.P.S.
UNA WALLACE. (H.T.)
S. McGREDY & SON, 1920.
145
CHAPTER XIII.
ROSES UNDER GLASS.
" O lovely Rose ! to thee I sing !
Thou sweetest, fairest child of spring \ "
— Anacreon.
To the ardent Rosarian the winter months go all
too slow ; the last Rose of summer has scarcely passed
away when he busies himself with the making of pre-
parations for the production of Roses under glass.
Roses in winter ! Why not? Aye, and plenty of
them ! Go to London, the hub of the world, and
listen to the flower sellers offering their gems to a
bustling crowd, midst frost and snow — •" Rosees !
Rosees ! Tuppence a piece Rosees ! There you
are, loidy, a penny ! " Pass by the florists' shops,
and they are full of flowers, and of Roses, blooms in
variety. Where do they all come from? " Covent
Garden, Sir! " I know, but what nursery? Well,
good reader, to tell the truth, there is hardly a British
Rose nursery to-day that does not force Roses for
the winter flower market. But Ro§es from France
compete largely with the production of our own
growers, and these, owing to climatic conditions, come
first in quantity upon the market. It is truly wonder-
ful this control of the seasons, but it is as old as any
art practised by the gardener ; and although science
has improved and has given us greenhouses and up-
to-date heating appliances, yet Roses were raised in
Rome in the winter months as far back as the reign
of the Emperor Domitian.
The flower girls of Rome, famous in history for
their beauty, could be heard calling to the passer-by
in exactly the same way as ours do to-day; and, good
reader, Roses were not dear ! Martial, the epigranv
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EOSES UNDER GLASS. 147
matic poet of those early days, ridicules the Egyptians
for sending them Roses in winter when they (had
plenty themselves. But how did they get them? for
glass was not made for such purposes as greenhouses,
and yet Roses in winter were common in Rome.
Pliny, who wrote at the end of the ist century, tells
us that the Roman gardeners had a way of obtaining
Roses before their season by watering the trees with
warm water as soon as the buds were visible. This
we might question ; but Pliny, no doubt, was correct
in telling us that hot water was used, although I ven-
ture to surmise it was in pipes for heating. The
Roman was a past-master in the building and the heat-
ing of buildings, and it is only to be expected that he
would discover methods for the early production of
flowers. This he certainly did, and on a large scale,
and 'his methods, if primitive, were all sufficient for
the grower who could make the Roses of Paestum and
Rome famous. Virgil, in the Georgics, speaks of
4t Paestum Roses with their double spring," and as no
trace of autumn flowering Roses can be found, it is
far more likely that, as Pliny hints, artificial methods
of production were resorted to and that Roses were
forced -by heat in sheltered positions,
I hardly think that the Romans possessed some
peculiar variety that is lost, although it is, of course,
possible. The inference of early writers is, that Roses
generally were forced in winter, and no particular kind
is alluded to.
The great art of forcing Roses lies in the
changing of the seasons for the trees con-
cerned, without in any way damaging the
tree; to turn its winter into spring and its spring into
summer, to make summer its autumn, and autumn its
winter; to do this we start forcing at the end of
December. Work your trees as you will, still they
must have their period of rest, and provided you can
arrange artificial conditions, there is no limit to what
you can do in the way of securing flowers all the year
round.
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No. 452. Horticultural Six's Thermometer, showing Highest, 1 9/A
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Write for Price Litt " E.C.I.''
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Established 1850.
ROSES UNDER GLASS. 149
Whether it be a specially built Rose house or a pit
frame, Roses can be grown to flower from February
to June, and provided ordinary care is taken, the
smallest grower can be as successful as the grower
with a large house to attend to. First, let us con-
sider the Rose house, its construction and its heating;
then let us deal with the cultivation under glass of the
Queen of Flowers herself.
When we consider that beautiful Roses can be
obtained in winter through the use of a pit frame, or
the smallest, if carefully heated, greenhouse, we feel
that it is well worth while experimenting with a few
trees and we pot up a dozen or two dozen for t'he
purpose, knowing that even if they fail we have an
asset in trees that can be planted out later in our
gardens. Make a start, good reader, grow a few
trees and then if you are a true lover of the queen of
flowers you will grow your fifties or your hundreds.
Glass houses to-day are so cheap that no garden should
be without one, and a good gardener will nearly
always make it a paying proposition.
A good Rose-house is a good house for most
flowers and fruit, and its construction is quite ordi-
nary. Much depends upon the site that you have to
allot. For light and ventilation, a house should stand
on its own, but for the conserving of heat and general
utility a three-quarter span against your garden wall
is hard to beat. It is far better than the lean-to, for
its gives the additional light through the back roof.
Messrs. Boulton and Paul, Ltd., of Norwich, have for
a hundred years made a study of glass houses for
every site imaginable, and a letter will always secure
an answer, giving advice and cost of house to meet a
client's requirements. In the case of a garden wall
to be used, the height and condition should be given;
also the width of land available, for invariably a path
that cannot easily be moved runs parallel to the wall.
A good width for a three-quarter span is either 10, 12,
or 1 6 feet; the back wall should be about 7 feet high
150 KOSES UNDER GLASS
for a house 12 feet wide, and about 9 feet high for a
house 1 6 feet wide. A house of this kind should face
south. I have seen some splendid Rose-houses
erected by Messrs. Messenger and Co., Ltd., of
Loughborough, at very reasonable cost, both for the
trade and also private houses. I like their methods
of construction, both for their span-roof houses and
also their three-quarter-span houses.
Remember, good reader, it pays to go to a good
firm when erecting a glass house ; it is not a garden
frame, it is constructed to last for many years, and,
as the heart is to the human frame, so will a well-
managed glass house be to the garden. It is a valu-
able and profitable asset, and has been the means of
many a livelihood and the start of many a fortune
made from flowers and fruit, both at home and abroad.
When considering a greenhouse, look on it as an
investment, and not from the point of view of spend-
ing money. Houses can be had from almost any
price. T. B. Bath and Co., of Savoy Street, Strand,
London, have quite a selection of useful little houses
for small growers. Of course, it all depends upon
what you are prepared to spend, but the Rose is not
exacting, and unless you are going out in a large way
for the market, your outlay is likely to be very small.
A cold house may suffice your needs, but this will
not secure you Roses all the year round, or be of
much service to you in the winter. The economic
heating of a house used to be a real problem, and a
continual source of worry to the grower ; but to-day
everything has been made so easy.
As I write this chapter I have before me a pile of
catalogues from the trade, and I select those of Chas.
P. Kinnell and Co., Ltd., and the Twelve-Hours'
Stove Syndicate, Ltd. In both of these catalogues
are boilers suited for houses of any size ; boilers that
can be relied upon to burn for 12 or even 20 hours
without attention ; boilers ranging in price from
2 i2S. 6d. to
EOSES UNDER GLASS. 151
Take those giants in the trade, Chas. P. Kinnell
and Co., Ltd. This firm send out a greenhouse boiler
called The Silver Medal " Horse Shoe " Boiler, which
burns for 20 hours without attention. They have sold
38,000 to date — a proof of its value and efficiency. Or
take that wonderful boiler for glass houses sent out by
the Twelve-Hours' Stove Syndicate, Ltd., from which
the firm takes its name. You cannot want a better,
unless it be for the growing of Roses on a large scale,
when both these firms can supply all you require,
according to the size of your house.
I do not intend to write at length on house or
boiler construction, for the firms mentioned will
supply all the details a grower requires; but before
considering the culture of the Rose under glass, I
wish to impress the Rosarian with the facts that half
the causes of failure arise out of faulty houses or bad
heating. Given the best, you will have little trouble
and great pleasure; given the worst, Rose-growing
under glass is a source of anxiety, for the bad ventila-
tion of an ill-constructed house, together with suddea
falls and rises in temperature, is the cause of mildew,
and checked growth is the sure precursor of aphis and
other pests.
It has been often said " bad workmen complain
of their tools," but this saying does not hold good in
horticulture, for a bad tool is useless; indeed, it is to-
day a waste of time and a most expensive luxury.
Given a good house, no matter how small, or a
good pit-frame, let us start with the forcing of Roses
under glass by considering the cultivation of Roses in
pots.
Here I lay down the law to all Rose growers that,
if they desire to possess a Rose garden complete in
every respect, they must pot up a few trees, be it only
to grow the same potted up in the open, for the re-
placing of failures of trees planted out in the open. A
loss can so easily be replaced late in the year from
pot trees, and also there is very little trouble incurred
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EOSES UNDER GLASS. 153
in the putting up and watering of the trees standing
in a stated spot until they are required.
The autumnal Roses are undoubtedly the best for
growing under glass, and it is quite an easy matter to
arrange the bringing up of trees into the greenhouse
or pit-frame so to have Roses all the year round.
Having decided to grow a few Roses under glass,
do not wait until the trees arrive to get in your soil,
but start some months ahead. The reason is this,
that your materials, which will consist of a good loam,
leaf-mould, old stable manure, sand, and burnt ash
from the garden bonfire, should be thrown together,
exposed to the sun and air, and be turned often, so
that the compost may get well mixed and in a good
condition. The right proportions are one barrowful
of turf loam, half a barrow of leaf-mould, one-sixth
of a barrow of burnt ash, half a barrow of old and
well-rotted stable manure, and about a sixth of a
barrow of sand.
Many gardeners pass the whole lot through a
sieve, but it is not necessary unless the sieve is a very
coarse one, for the soil can be well chopped up and
picked over to remove sticks and stones. Roses
thrive better in a coarse soil than in a fine.
In the case of certain varieties, such as the H.P.s,
the compost will have to be varied a little by a slight
increase of loam, while some of the Teas or the more
delicate-rooted kinds will require a lighter soil; but
for all-round purposes the mixture I have given will
be found to answer the purpose. When potting up
your trees early in the autumn, you will find that many
have long roots that will not go well into the pots.
These may be shortened. Never cram roots into a
pot ; a cut-back root will soon throw out good fibrous
roots from the part cut. See that every pot has good
drainage; one crock is not enough. Well pack and
press the soil round the roots. In selecting your pot,
remember you never should fill up with soil too close
to the rim of the pot, for you have to feed your trees,
154 EOSES UNDER GLASS.
and often add a little soil. In potting-, keep your tree
well up, for the roots will ever strike down, and this
gives a greater depth of soil. When potted up, the
trees should be stood in ashes or plunged in the soil
out of doors in an airy situation under a north wall or
some corner sheltered from too much sun or cutting
winds. It is wisest to place a piece of slate under
each pot, and well dust down with soot and lime, to
keep worms from getting into the pot; also, it helps
to prevent the roots of the plants from growing
through the hole in the pot. In dry weather a little
watering will be necessary, but as they are exposed
to the elements they should get their share of rain
and dew. When it is desired to bring them into the
Rose-house or the pit-frame, they will be taken up, and
the outside of the pots will be washed. The first year
the grower must content himself with very few flowers
if he does not want to spoil his trees.
Having brought your trees into a cool house,
which will be the first or second week in November,
they will remain here until they are pruned in January
for forcing. They must not be allowed to dry out,
but should be watered regularly; the ring of the pots
when tapped with a small stick will let you know if
they are dry.
It is wisest to prune rather hard the first year,
and not to grow too many shoots upon a plant. Now
comes the all-important point — the heat of the house.
This should be raised gradually, starting with 50 to 55
degrees by day and 40 degrees by night. You will,
when the trees have well started into growth, raise it
to 75 degrees by day and 50 degrees by night. Days
will vary very much as the spring advances, and the
temperature of a house will often advance 8 to 10
degrees, in whidh case, if the weather is mild, the
ventilation will have to be watched ; if cold, cutting
winds prevail, a little shading should be improvised.
It is absolutely essential to have a good thermo-
meter, and I advise one of Negretti and Zambra's
EOSES UNDER GLASS. 155
Six's Thermometer, which registers the rise or fall in
temperature. This is one of the many thermometers
made for horticultural purposes, and for the green-
house it is unequalled. Remember, everything will
depend upon your thermometer, so get a good make;
they are not dear, and they should last a lifetime.
With the consideration of temperature we must
also consider the equally important problem of correct
moisture in the atmosphere of a house. To keep a
house too dry is to court insect pests, such as red
spider, thrips, and aphis, while if too moist there is
the great danger of mildew. I think that two
syringings a day — that is, in the morning and after-
noon— is sufficient in addition to the watering of the
trees. Ventilation is of supreme importance, for care-
less ventilation, to my mind, is the principal cause of
mildew. Plants get checked in growth very easily,
and this is bad for them when they are growing
strong.
Do not open your house in frost or fog, and avoid
as far as possible cold, cutting winds. When the days
are mild give plenty of air, but at all times watch the
thermometer. In tne watering and syringing of all trees
see that the water is of the same temperature as the
house; this is one of the secrets of the successful cul-
ture of the Rose under glass. In feeding the trees, I
would advise the use of artificial manure as described
in the chapter dealing with the subject ; but this should
not be applied until the trees are making strong
growth and are showing bud; even then I should not
advise too strong a liquid. Regular watering and
feeding is most necessary. Do not let the soil get
sodden, else when your flower-buds are forming they
will damp off.
If mildew does appear, dust over the foliage with
flowers of sulphur through a fine muslin bag, or spray
with Abol, or Cooper and Nephews' VzK. For all
insect pests under glass use Darlington's " Auto-
shreds"; this fumigant is the finest wand safest fumi-
'AutO'Shreds' Mean Death
To LEAF MINING MAGGOT, WHITE FLY
AWD AI.I, PKSTS JXFKSTI.VQ PLANTS UNDER
»XS>C GLASS. KtK,
THE KING OF FUMIGANTS.
CHEAPEST, MOST RELIABLE, AXD SAFE TO USE.
Used by the Principal Growers in the Trade.
Beware of
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Once used
Always used.
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and a" ot^er PrePara'
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No Fumigators,
Lamps, &c., required.
This Fumigant has led
the Market since its
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Others now Imitating.
No. I Box 1 0,000 Cubic Ft. 6 '0 ea. for TENDER FOLIAGED PLANTS
No. 2 Box 1 0,000 „ „ 4/6 „ ORDINARY „
No. 3 Box 1,000 „ „ 1,0 „ TENDER AND ORDINARY
FOLIAGED PLAN I S
No 4 Box 2.500 ,. „ 1,9 „ TENDER AND ORDINARY
FOLIAGED PLANTS
If unobtainable please get into direct communication with—
W. DARLINGTON & SONS,
HACKNEY,
LONDON, E. 8.
EOSES UNDEE GLASS. 157
gant in existence to-day, and it is used by most of our
large growers. I have proved it so often that I do
not care to consider the use of any other fumigant in
glass houses, and the house is indeed in a bad way
when " Auto-shreds " will not free it of insect pests.
As your Roses open avoid spraying the blooms, but
spray the floor, pots, and bench to keep a humid atmo-
sphere.
As soon as the blooms are cut or are over remove
the trees at once to a cold frame or house to harden
off until they can all be safely stood out in the open
once more. Summer-flowering Roses, after forcing
and hardening off, will give another crop of bloom
about May. You must harden off as soon as the
forced blooms are over, else, if you allow your trees
to start further growth, you will spoil your flowers
for next year. Having secured your early Roses, do
not forget your trees. These should, after hardening
off, be placed back in their old position under a north
wall to ripen their wood and recoup for their next
season under glass. Top-dress each pot with well-
rotted manure, and water regularly. About the first
week in October they should all be repotted. Clean
all pots, re-crock, and add fresh compost, but do not
disturb the soil round the main ball of roots; only
rub off the surface soil which may have got soured.
Pot up firmly as before and water down ; place the
pots in their old position, where they can remain until
the end of December; protect against frost, by which
time they can be brought into the house, pruned, and
forced on as before.
Climbers under glass require severe pruning-, and
after flowering plenty of air, (hardening them off as
best we can under difficulties. They require careful
spraying and manuring, and every effort must be made
to give them their period of rest before letting them
start fresh growth and bloom.
The growing of Roses planted on benches should
here be considered. Benches should be constructed
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EOSES UNDER GLASS. 159
on the narrow side, and should not exceed five feet in
width, but four feet is the best, especially where many
trees have been attended to. The sides of the bench
will be six inches deep, and when filled -with soil, the
top of the soil should come level with the bottom of
the glass in the sides of the house that extend belo\v
the roof right round the house.
A four-foot-wide bench will take four rows of
trees planted sixteen inches apart, and they may be
grown for several years on such a bench without being
disturbed.
Before planting the trees the benches should
have a good coating of limewash, and the soil should
be brought into the house in a fairly dry condition.
Plant your trees in line, and pound down carefully the
soil round the trees with a piece of wood, leaving a
slight hollow or hole near the stem for watering the
trees without wetting all the soil in the bed. When
all the trees are planted give a good soaking to settle
the soil all round, and then do not water again until
the soil is on the dry side, but syringe freely several
times a day, and damp down the floor to maintain a
humid atmosphere. Avoid the over-watering of the
soil on the benches, else it may get sour, and every
now and again rake very carefully over the surface
to aerate the soil and conserve the moisture. As the
plants grow increase the supply of water, and watch
very carefully the ventilation of the house. See that
your benches have good drainage, so that if you do
give all your trees a good soaking the water will run
off freely. The same laws hold good for the growing
of all Roses under glass, but possibly those actually
planted in large beds in the house have greater advan-
tages for doing well. If only gardeners would nail
up over the door of every greenhouse the three words,
Temperature, Ventilation, Water, and attend to the
demands of each, they would never have any cause to
worry.
The CULTIVATION of ROSES under GLASS.
whether i'or pleasure or profit, is a pursuit which demands ideal
conditions in order to achieve the success which alone can bring
complete satisfaction.
MESSENGER & CO., have for upwards of sixty years made
a special study of the requirements necessary to secure all that
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MESSENGER & Co., Limited,
horticultural Builders & heating engineers,
LOUGHBOROUGH - - Leicestershire.
London Office : 122 Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W 1.
Telegrams: HEATING, Loughborough
NONPLUSSED, Sowest, London.
Telephone : 691 & 692 Loughborough. 1209 Victoria, London.
Photograph by Reginald A. Malby, F.R.P.S.
BETTY UPRICHARD. (H.T.)
ALEX. DICKSON & SONS, LTD., 1921.
Photograph by Reginald A. Malby, F.R.P.S.
QUEEN OF THE BELGIANS.
E. J. HICKS, 1916.
161
CHAPTER XIV.
VARIETIES AND HABITS.
I love wel sweetie Roses rede. "
— Chaucer.
The great majority of my readers would skip this
chapter of my book if I entered too fully into the
botanical history of the Rose or discussed at length
all the species of the genus ROSA. In the " Rosarum
Monographia " no less than seventy -eight species are
described, besides others that are doubtful. Botanists,
however, do not stop here ; some have produced a far
greater list, and even to-day are adding trouble for
the student. As a boy I used to rejoice in the fact
that certain books of Euclid had been lost, and had
even the courage to confide my opinions to the mathe-
matical master, who, needless to say, did not agree.
44 Every cobbler to his last," as the saying is; he was
a mathematician, I was not; neither did I joy in the
books that Euclid had left behind to harrass school-
boys. It is much the same with the* Rose. The
average grower does not care a brass button how
many species are recorded, and, since botanists cannot
agree, what does it matter? M. Boitard, a French
author, has maintained that there are only three
species: i, R. simplicifolia ; 2, R. lutea; 3, R. muta-
bilis. He divides these into races and varieties, and
brings most of the cultivated varieties under the third
species (R. mutabilis). I would like to go further, and
say, with the book of Genesis, " In the beginning,"
etc., and thus bring "species" down to the one or
two common parents.
It is the law of nature that alterations and varia-
tions shall take place, and to the end of the world the
162 VARIETIES AND HABITS.
•operation of this law will go on producing- in the Rose
world new creations that in course of time will vary
to such an extent that even scientists will only live in
•an atmosphere of surmise. The grower, professional
or amateur, only concerns himself about clearly de-
fined groups of Roses, by reason of the special methods
of culture that have to be meted out to each group or
class, and as long as he can get the best out of each
from careful proscribed treatment, what does it matter
>how narrow is made the dividing line between
species, groups, or varieties? You are certain, by
hybridisation, to produce new varieties with peculiar
habits, and these will be so marked that their likes
and dislikes in respect to general culture will have to
be studied if good results are to be obtained. What
is the result? A new group will be formed, and, like
the "Pernetiana Roses," will grow and soon give
foirth to something else more distinct.
Good reader, this book is for practical purposes,
-and you should only look to find in it hints for culture
and advice, for selections, planting schemes, and all
those particulars that are calculated to assist in the
general advancement of the Queen of Flowers. Let
me, then, follow the most accepted lines, and divide
the Roses of to-day into two classes : Class i. Sum-
mer Roses, blooming in May, June, and July. Class z.
Autumn Roses, blooming from May to November, or
until frost shall end their season. These two classes
we will divide up into groups, and with each group I
will give you a little history and some of the general
methods to be adopted to ensure good culture, and
thus assist the dictionary of Roses to be found at the
end of the book. A close study of all the trade cata-
logues has been my guide, and, in conjunction with
these, Mr. Paul's wonderful book on Roses has been
of the greatest help in matters of reference.
SUMMER ROSES.
Under this class come the earliest of all cultivated
Roses ; Roses of ancient Rome, mediaeval England
VAEIETIES AND HABITS. 163
and far-off lands, where history and mystery have
lingered round the scrolls of ancients and the scent
of the pot-pourri jar. Exclusively cultivated up to the
beginning of the igth century, varieties of these Roses
have gradually dwindled until only the fittest have
survived to contest with the more favoured gems of.
the autumn Class.
Provence Roses (Rosa centifolia).
This Rose, better known to the public as the old
" Cabbage" Rose, by reason of its full-folded petals
shaped like an early cabbage, is a native of Asia Minor,
and in all probability one of the most ancient of culti-
vated Roses known. The flowers are globular, very
full, and sweetly perfumed; the leaves are light green,
with red borders.
A sub-variety of the Provence is the Miniature
Provence, not to be confused with the Lawrencianse,
or Fairy Roses. The Provence Roses are quite hardy,
and will stand the severest frosts. They require
moderate pruning and generous cultivation.
Moss Roses (R. Centifolia).
The Moss Rose is in reality a sub-variety of the
Provence, of which the original Moss Rose is sup-
posed to have been a sport. The Moss Rose was first
introduced into England from Holland in 1596, and
was very highly prized in this country. It has all the
characteristics of the Provence Rose, with the addi-
tion of the Moss on its sepals and stems.
It is slightly perfumed, and some varieties more
so than others.
At one time, about 1855, there were several hun-
dred varieties in existence, and it was a most popular
group, but in spite of every effort of the hybridist, few
varieties were much of an improvement on the common
or old Moss Rose raised about 1596. There is a group
of Perpetual Moss Roses (Rosa Muscosa bifera) that
flower in the autumn; these varieties are a most valu-
able addition to the garden and are treated of in.
Class n. Moss Roses in miniature have been sent
164 VAKIETIES AND HABITS.
out such as Little Gem, raised by Wm. Paul and Son,
1880, but fashion has changed, and for a time, at
any rate, the Moss Rose takes a small though
honoured place in the gardens of our country. This
group is perfectly hardy, and although the pruning
varies slightly according to the variety, yet it may be
treated as the Provence Rose, and generally speaking,
cut back moderately. It requires generous treatment,
and should not, as it often is, be relegated to any
ordinary corner of the garden. It can be grown in
bus'h form or as a pillar Rose.
The Double Yellow Rose (R. Sulphurea).
Much has been written about this Rose by reason
of the rarity in early days of all-yellow Roses, but it
is not of value, and- can be dismissed in a few lines.
It is a native of Persia, and was first introduced into
this country from Constantinople.
John Parkinson wrote at length upon it in the
seventeenth century, and later writers have given it
much comment, but it has long been outclassed.
It opens badly, and requires a south or west wall.
It should be lightly pruned and generously manured.
The Damask Rose (R. Damascena).
This group is undoubtedly one of the oldest, and
its date of introduction into this country is uncertain.
The date 1573 'has been generally accepted by most
authorities, but Johnson, in " The History of Garden-
ing," says : " The learned Linacre, who died in 1524,
first introduced the Damask Rose from Italy." It
has been thought that it is of this Rose that Virgil
writes of in his Georgics and elsewhere. Modern
Rose-growers have produced through it, first the
Damask Perpetual, and then the Hybrid Perpetual,
which are now so popular. The Damask Roses are
very hardy, free flowering, and the blooms are of fair
size. The old York and Lancaster, which is a pale
Rose, or white, and sometimes striped, comes under
this group. They are all very hardy, and require
moderate pruning and good cultivation. They are
VAKIETIES AND HABITS. 165
best grown as standards, and while they do not make
very compact heads, yet the growth is graceful.
The French Rose (R. Gallica).
The French Rose, is termed gallica from its being
a native of France, although it is found growing;
abundantly in Italy, Switzerland and Austria.
It was for a long time a very popular group in
France, and numerous varieties were raised that were
conspicuous for their striped or spotted petals, which
with the brilliancy of the stamens and the peculiar
fragrance of the bloom, mark this group as being
most distinct.
From this group is descended the Hybrid Chi-
nese, but there is little fear of confusing the two
groups, as the differences are very marked. They
are very hardy, and require to be thinned out well if
fine flowers are sought. In pruning, shorten the
shoots to five or six eyes on well ripened wood. Keep
the surface of the ground well forked and well
manured.
The Hybrid China Roses (R. Gallica).
This group has originated from the French and
the Provence Roses crossed with the Chinese, and
owing to their retaining more of the French Rose
characteristics they are classed under Rosa Gallica.
They are all strong growers, and most of them make
good pillar Roses. Blairii No. 2 is a good example.
The principal feature is that they bloom only in
June and July, whereas the Chinese bloom constantly
from June to November.
Careful pruning is necessary. Thin out all old
and weak growth, shortening strong shoots according
to the variety and its use.
For the general pruning of varieties six to twelve
eyes ^ is advised, although some will require closer
pruning, but most need only be cut back to about
2 or 3 feet. These Roses are very hardy, and will
do well in poor soil, and often succeed in situations
where other kinds will fail.
166 VAEIETIES AND HABITS.
The Hybrid Bourbons (R. Gallica).
These Roses are hybrids from the French or Pro-
vence Roses with the Bourbon race. They are more
robust in growth than the Hybrid Chinese, and possess
a fine broad foliage. They bloom freely, and their
large handsome flowers are equally fine when forced
under glass as when grown in season in the open.
Charles Lawson is a good type, a fine pot Rose,
and equally useful as a standard or pillar Rose. Prune
and treat in a similar manner as recommended for
the Hybrid Chinese.
The White Rose (R. Alba).
The Alba Rose, introduced in 1597, ranges over
the middle of Europe; this group differs from all
others and is quite distinct. It is an old-fashioned
class of .Rose, and is generally found to-day in old
cottage gardens. The majority of these Roses are not
pure white, but possess a pink flush towards the
centre.
The blooms open rather flat, but are most attract-
ive, and are produced in great abundance. The trees
require moderate pruning, and are good as either
Standards or Dwarfs. It is a very hardy group, and
although it responds to liberal treatment, yet it will
do well on poor soil.
The Austrian Briar (R. Lutea).
The varieties of this group come from Armenia,
Persia, and the Himalaya mountains, also Southern
Europe. The blooms are nearly single, and with the
exception of Austrian Copper, which is a glorious
shade of coppery red, they are yellow. They all like
a dry, light soil, and do best on their own roots, the
methods of propagation being to take off suckers at
the fall and transplant them into fresh ground. Be-
yond the cutting out of dead wood, do not prune, as
flowers are born from buds quite close to the tips of
the shoots. Persian yellow is a very good type of
this group. They are all very hardy, but dislike the
smoke of large cities and do best in pure air and
genial surroundings.
VAEIETIES AND HABITS. 167
The Scotch Rose (R. Spinosissima).
This most thorny of all Roses is found growing
wild in many parts of Britain, especially in Scotland,
from whence most of our finest varieties have come.
They are easily propagated from seed, and soon
make sturdy little trees; but the usual method is to
propagate by means of suckers, which are liberally
thrown out, and if taken off in the autumn soon grow
into large bushes.
There are a great number of varieties ranging in
colour, from white to pink, and including a good
yellow. They make splendid miniature hedges for a
Rose garden, and if the bloom lasts but a short time,
yet it is very sweetly scented and exists in great pro-
fusion.
The Sweet Briar (R. Rubiginosa). .
Who does not know the sweet Briar, growing, as
it does, wild in many parts of our country?
Eglantine, as it was called in the early days, was cul-
tivated as a good Rose for garden hedges, where,
after a spring or summer shower, it scents the whole
place. Lord Penzance has raised many valuable
varieties, and there now exists a good range of
colours, but the foliage is, and always will be, its
greatest charm. It requires little pruning, only to
shape the hedge or remove dead wood. It responds
to liberal treatment, but will also do well in poor
ground.
The Ayrshire Rose (R. Arvensis).
Found throughout Europe, this Rose is a native
of our own land ; it is extremely hardy and will grow
anywhere. Indeed, it forms one of the most valuable
groups we possess. Adapted for trailing over un-
sightly fences and old tree trunks, its long, slender
rods push themselves rapidly to the top and hang in
graceful fashion, supporting its countless blooms to
the delight of all.
168 VAEIETIES AND HABITS.
They form good weeping Roses on tall stems,
and flower from June to July. They need no pruning
or training, and do best if allowed to ramble at will,
growing where other Roses would not exist and
thriving in the poorest of soil. Good types of this
group are the Dundee Rambler, Ruga and Splendens.
Foreign growers seldom list these Roses, but our own
nurseries generally stock a good list of varieties.
The Evergreen Rose (R. Sempervirens).
This group is suited for the same purpose as the
Ayrshire, and is even more valuable by reason of its
varieties retaining their foliage almost throughout the
winter. It is supposed to have been introduced into
this country in 1629 from the Continent. It is found
throughout the middle of Europe growing in profusion,
and being very hardy is easily propagated and main-
tained.
Most of the varieties make superb Pillar, Climb-
ing or Weeping Roses, and need no pruning beyond
the tipping of shoots. Alba Plena, Felicite Perpetue
and Rampante are good types, and no Rose garden
should be without one or the other, if only for the
sake of the foliage when all else is bare.
The Boursault Rose (R. Alpina).
The name of this group was given out of com-
pliment to M. Boursault, a French grower, and it was
so named after the introduction of the first double
Alpine Rose.
The Boursault Roses are very distinct, and form
— like the Ayrshire — a most valuable group. The
shoots are long, very flexible, and almost free from
thorns. The flowers are produced in clusters and are
most conspicuous.
Coming, as they do, from the Alps of Austria and
Switzerland, as might be expected, they are extremely
hardy, and will face almost any situation or soil. In
pruning, the trees should be well thinned out of all
weakly wood, and the shoots that are left for flower-
ing should be only shortened a little. Poor soil will
VARIETIES AND HABITS. 169
not hinder this Rose from doing well, but, like all
Roses, the best results will be obtained on good
cultivation.
The Banksian Rose (R. Banksiae).
Named after Lady Banks; the white variety of
this Rose was introduced into this country from
China in 1807, and in about 1817 the yellow variety
arrived to beautify our homes. Flowering from April
until the second week in May, it is one of the first
Roses to greet us growing in the open. Of most
rampant growth, this Rose, not unlike a double-flower-
ing cherry, delights in a southern aspect and a high
wall space, which it will soon cover. The beautiful
yellow variety is almost scentless, but the white, with
its large flowers, has an odour not unlike that of
Violets.
Unfortunately, the Rose is rather delicate, and
dislikes an exposed position, but where it is suited to
its surroundings it is surprising what growth it will
make in a short period of time. Summer is the correct
season in which to prune this Rose, and as soon after
it has flowered as possible. The plants should be well
thinned and all shoots that are left should be tipped
and tied in. The Banksian Rose delights in a deep,
rich soil, and a good mulching after a storm of rain,
When the wood is growing, will greatly help.
You can hardly ask too much of the Yellow or
White Banksian Rose if given good soil and a south-
ern aspect, for it will cover the tallest wall and live
to a great age.
The Polyantha Rose (R. Multiflora).
This group, the varieties of which are by no
means all hardy, hails from Japan and China, and
varieties introduced have given birth to others of great
value.
Introduced into this country in 1804, it soon be-
came popular. Easily grown in dwarf or climbing
varieties, it is found in most trade catalogues. One
variety, De La Grifferaie, is used largely as a stock
on which to bud Tea-scented Roses, and a very excel-
170 VAEIETIES AND HABITS.
lent foster parent it makes. A new break was made
in this class by the issue of Crimson Rambler (Turner,
1893); this, again, gave birth to a fine seedling, Blush
Rambler (B. R. Cant and Sons, 1903). Beyond the
thinning out of dead wood and the usual treatment,
little attention is required. These Roses are, how-
ever, gross feeders, and will benefit from a frequent
mulching.
Wichuraiana Roses (R. Wichuraiana).
In 1860 Dr. Wichura, a famous botanist, dis-
covered in Japan this species, and introduced it into
Europe about 1873. Crossed with Tea, Noisette,
Polyantha and other Roses, R. Wichuraiana has given
to us a group of Roses that to-day is one of the most
popular in the Rose world. Dorothy Perkins, with its
sport, White Dorothy Perkins, Minnehaha, Lady
Godiva, Gardenia, Excelsa and many others are to be
found in the majority of gardens. For the most part
late summer flowering, we can hardly do without their
presence, and their exquisite beauty and range of
colour are too well known for me to dilate upon them
here.
Grown on their own roots they soon make fine
trees which require but little pruning beyond the re-
moval of dead and weakly wood. However, as the
trees grow too thick, young rods should be tied in
and the old removed. All this class benefit by liberal
cultivation, but at the same time they will do well on
poor soil.
AUTUMN ROSES.
Under this class is made up species that flower
several times from May to October. It especially
comprises varieties introduced from Eastern Asia and
a number of hybrids created since their introduction.
The popularity of the various autumn flowering
groups has quite eclipsed that of the older and summer
flowering kinds, so that in the dictionary of Roses at
the end of the book will be found varieties that for
the most part come under Class u. To a certain
VARIETIES AND HABITS. 171
extent Class L, summer flowering Roses, and Class
II., autumn flowering Roses, overlap, but for general
purposes these two classes divide up the ranks of the
Queen of Flowers, and help to set before the grower
a classification of species which without such divisions
would be hard to set in order or group for review. I
do not intend to divide up the groups more than is
necessary, and therefore must crave the indulgence of
the super-critical if I omit some, or combine small
groups with others that will admit of the combination.
After all, as already explained, this book deals
with Roses in commerce, and then with the practical
side of Rose growing ; so that sub-divisions are of
small importance, and not to be looked for in this
work.
Hybrid Perpetual Roses.
Before the Hybrid Tea became so popular and the
Tea Roses multiplied into so many varieties, the
Hybrid Perpetual held the field and contested all
comers. Their origin, which is from many sources,
many unknown, hardly will interest the reader; yet
this work would not be complete without more than
a reference as to their history. The first varieties
were raised by M. Laffay from Hybrid Bourbon Roses
or Hybrid Chinese and Damask Perpetuals.
Princess H&£ne, introduced in 1837, was the first
notable variety. Then followed Queen Victoria in
1840. Then a number of other varieties were listed in
the trade catalogues, but many of these bore marked
resemblances to one or other of the parent groups,
and the distinctions were of a minor character. A
good deal of chance work was undertaken, and the
French Rosarians w!ho sent out most of the first
varieties could not with certainty give any parent or
groups. Nevertheless, the rich colours, wonderful
scent and sturdy foliage, soon brought this new col-
lection into favour, and grown in our own country
they developed a sound constitution and showed their
true worth. This resulted in our growers working
172 VAEIETIES AND HABITS.
upon more scientific lines, and the results were so
satisfactory that before many years numerous varieties
of sterling worth were added to an ever-growing list.
In Mr. Wm. Paul's book, " The Rose Garden," is
listed over 600 varieties, many still in commerce and
likely to remain for years to come, but the bulk have
joined the great majority and have long been for-
gotten.
Hybrid Teas.
This group is fast becoming" one of the largest
that we have, and it is a very difficult task to definitely
decide as to classification, since so many growers
bring under this heading varieties that well may be
called in question.
Originally the cross was between Tea Roses and
Hybrid Perpetual varieties, and the progeny bore a
resemblance to both sections ; but the writer could put
his finger on more than one Rose listed as an H.T.
that has no right to be classified as such. The great
characteristics of this group is that they are very
free flowering and supply more than one crop of
Roses from early summer right up to November and
even December. They are for the most part hardier
than the Teas and require less protection. In prun-
ing, the strongest shoots should be left the longest,
and four to six eyes is a general standard of reduc-
tion. All of them require very liberal treatment as
regards manuring and general cultivation, and it is
wisest to err on the side of protection against frost.
The Bourbon Rose (R. Indica).
This group was at one time quite an important
section of the Rose world, but it has almost passed
out of sight. Discovered in 1817, it was introduced
into this country in 1825. Mr. Jacques, gardener to
the Duke of Orleans, of Nevilly, in 1819, sowed seeds
of the Rose discovered, and raised a new variety
which he called Ile-Bourbon Rose. From this Rose
issued all the varieties produced since that time.
Rather sensitive to cold and damp, the blooms often
VAEIETIES AND HABITS. 173
suffer in this country, but the trees do remarkably
well, and Souvenir de La Malmaison, Mrs. Paul and
Madame Isaac Pereire, still in commerce, testify to
their worth. Not unlike the H.P.'s, these Roses
respond to similar treatment in pruning and general
cultivation; indeed, there is little doubt but that many
of our H.P.'s have the Bourbon strain in their con-
stitutions.
The China Rose (R. Indica).
Introduced into this country from China about
the year 1789, they form a group of the truest Per-
petuals known. The common Pink and Monthly Rose
are the parents of all the varieties introduced.
They require very little pruning and do best upon
their own roots ; although not very strong growers,
yet they are hardy and are constantly in bloom
throughout the season.
Many a cottage garden to-day has its China Rose,
and the porchway is often decorated throughout the
season with this Rose which has not been moved for
years. In spite of the lack of attention that it gets,
it loves generous treatment and responds to careful
cultivation, but above all, it likes a south aspect and
a warm corner of the garden.
The Laivrenceana or Fairy Rose.
This Rose was introduced from China about 1810.
It is simply a China Rose in miniature, and must not
be confused with the Miniature Provence. It is in
constant bloom and makes a good edging to a Rose
bed. It is largely used as a pot Rose, and very pretty
it is potted up for house decoration. It is cultivated
in the same way as all China Roses, and is quite
hardy.
The Tea Rose (R. Indica Odorata).
This group is a much valued section of the Rose
world, and often the origin of the name is called in
question. It is known as fhe Tea Scented China bv
174 VARIETIES AND HABITS.
reason of its perfume, which resembles the odour of
tea. The first variety was a pink Rose introduced
from China about the year 1810, and subsequently in
1824 the Yellow Tea Rose was sent over to be the
progenitors of a fine list of varieties of a delicate
constitution. They all need protection from frost and
cold, cutting winds, and in spring very careful prun-
ing. I have always found that the Teas do best when
budded on to standards and half-standards, and when
pruned rather late in the season.
Many of the varieties make excellent Roses for
forcing under glass, and retain their colour and per-
fume to a marked degree. They are all free flowering,
and when in bloom last well into the autumn. A rich
loam and liberal treatment is necessary for good
blooms; add to this judicious disbudding, and you
will never fail for a fine flower.
The Noisette Rose (R. Moschata).
Named after Mons. P. Noisette, this Rose has its
origin in America, and was introduced into France in
the year 1817 and into this country about the year
1820. It is considered to be a cross between the
Chinese and the Musk Rose, and its principal recom-
mendations were its hardy nature, free growth and
late flowering. The blooms were borne in large
clusters and were sweetly perfumed. William Allen
Richardson, Celine Forestier, Aimee Vibert, Lamarque
and Reve d'Or are good types, but there are many
equally as good and as popular in this country and
abroad.
The Musk Rose (R. Moschata).
Found in Madeira, Persia and Northern Africa,
the Musk Rose is thought to have been introduced
into this country about the year 1596, and it is more
or less popular, being found growing throughout the
country. The flowers are formed in large clusters
late in the summer, and possess a faint musk odour.
The trees make good bushes, but are not adapted for
climbers. In pruning the shoots should be left rather
VARIETIES AND HABITS. 175
long, and the trees are best thinned out. Some of the
hybrids of this group are most attractive, such as the
Garland and Madame d'Arblay; these are strong
climbers and a great acquisition to the garden.
A generous soil and a sheltered site are necessary,
for the Musk Rose dislikes an exposed position.
The Polyantha Rose (R. Multiflora).
This charming group of Roses is best known to
all in its dwarf varieties of perpetual kinds, such as
Eugenie Lamesch, Leonie Lamesch, Perle d'Or and
others. There have been quite a number of beautiful
varieties introduced of late, and all of them are valu-
able additions to the garden. The little trees make
fine miniature Rose hedges and border edgings. They
are always in bloom and the clusters of tiny flowers
last a long time. Called by the National Rose Society
Pompons to distinguish them from the climbing Poly-
anthas, we find them often listed as such. They make
good pot Roses and force well. Quite hardy, they do
well in poor soil, and only require light pruning and
the thinning out of old wood.
The Macartney Rose (R. Bracteata).
Introduced from China by Lord Macartney in
I795> this Rose is little known by amateurs. It does
best on a south wall, flowering in summer and
autumn. The habit is vigorous, but the Rose is not
very hardy. Moderate pruning and good soil is
necessary. A shy seed bearer, this Rose has not given
us many varieties, but it is well worth the hybridist's
attention, for it holds out great possibilities.
The Berberry-Leaved Rose (R. Berberi folia).
A native of Persia, introduced in 1790. It is
seldom met with in this country, and does not do well,
being rather of a delicate nature. It is of greater
interest to the botanist than the rosarian.
The Microphylla or Small-leaved Rose (R. Micro-
phylla).
176 VARIETIES AND HABITS.
Found in the Himalaya Mountains and also
China, this Rose was introduced into this country in
1828. It is rather delicate, and likes a warm, light
soil, and grows best under a south wall.
Very little pruning- is necessary, but it likes
generous treatment, and benefits from having its
tiny foliage sprayed in the dry months.
The Japanese Rose (R. Rugosa).
These Roses are gaining in popularity every day,
and rightly so, for flower, foliage, and seed pods are
most attractive. The best known varieties are the red
and the white. They make good bushes, and can be
used in the Rose garden to form a hedge, or they can
be planted in groups. Very hardy, they require little
attention either by way of pruning or feeding, but like
all Roses, they respond to good treatment and atten-
tion. I have seen these Roses planted in open glades
in woods with other berried shrubs, for their fruit in
autumn is much loved by pheasants, and it helps to
keep the birds from straying.
Under Autumn Roses come also the Perpetual
Scotch and the Perpetual Moss, each requiring the
same treatment as the summer flowering groups
already described. These two groups are great addi-
tions to the Rose world, and growers should pay
more attention to them, for they are honestly worth
it. There are other groups and botanical varieties of
interest, such as the Bramble-leaved Prairie Rose (R.
Setigera), which comes from the United States; also
Rosa Gigantea, which comes from India ; but the
grower will hardly care to go further, and if he does,
I doubt if he will find a garden large enough for them
all, unless he is prepared to realise my great dream of
a National Rose Garden.
MURIEL WILSON. (T.)
G- PRINCE, 1921.
Photograph by Reginald A.. Malby, F.R.P.S.
Photograph by Reginald A. Malby, F.E.P.S.
SUNSTAR. (H.T.)
ALEX. DICKSON & SONS, LTD., 1921.
177
CHAPTER XV.
SELECTIONS.
" What is f&irer than a Rose? What is sweeter?
—Herbert.
There are no two growers in the Rose world to-
day who would agree on any selected list of varieties.
We all have our fancies, our likes and our dislikes,
that is if anyone can be found who dislikes a Rose.
I have often heard an enthusiast speak disparagingly
of a variety, so much so that unless you realised the
remarks were the result of selection you would begin
to think he had a dual personality, the one loving a
Rose and the other hating it. Comparisons are odious
at all times, and never more so than in the show tent
when playing second fiddle to an inferior box of
blooms. Personally, I love all Roses so much that I
find it hard to make selections, not that I am afraid of
my selections being out-classed, but because I cannot
keep my lists within bounds. Ask me my favourite
Rose and I will say, " La France," but I could not
honestly select La France in a six that had to com-
pete for a challenge cup. It would be like putting up
a featherweight champion to fight a heavyweight. But
as your class grows, and from six you go to eighteen
or twenty-four blooms, then La France finds an
honoured place.
What the grower really wants to have, is a list
®r lists of varieties of Roses suitable for certain con-
ditions and arranged in order of merit. It cannot be
done; I am sorry, good reader, but even knowing the
possibilities of a Rose, I should not know your gar-
den, and one variety might do badly where another
would do well.
178 SELECTIONS.
I will, however, give you lists of some of the best
varieties compiled from personal experience and
accepted trade opinions as to their worth for the varied
uses required. It is with some diffidence that I in-
clude this chapter in the book, since in Chapter
XVIII. will be found plans and planting- schemes of
our leading1 firms that give very wide and well-
thought-out selections of Roses for their various uses.
Some plans, however, do not touch certain sections,
such as Roses for walls, climbers under glass, pot
culture, suburban gardens, etc., and I therefore deem
it fitting that lists be included that will embrace as far
as possible all the uses for which a Rose tree is
required.
If my selections omit Roses of note and include
varieties less known, it is because I have given my
readers names of Roses I know to be good and on
which they can rely. With the confidence of an old
exhibitor and a judge at many of our shows, I feel
that, armed with perfect blooms of the varieties I have
selected, I would meet all comers and never fear the
being outclassed by even the latest novelties for many
years. Fashions may change and tastes may alter, but
good Roses die hard; and I venture to predict that
most of those selected will contest their position in
the Rose world for the best part of a century. If
others take their place through honest worth, happy
the grower and happy the garden that sees the im-
provement.
ROSES FOR WALLS.
There are two kinds of walls to consider: i, the
walls of the dwelling-house ; 2, the walls of the garden.
For the walls of the house should be chosen Roses of
free climbing habit, but not of the rambling class.
Thus, Gloire de Dijon should be selected in preference
to Dundee Rambler, and Reine Marie Henriette in the
place of Bennett's Seedling. For the garden wall,
well made or rough, it is the other way about; but
wherever possible I consider that all wall space should
be devoted to Roses of the exhibition class, and ram-
SELECTIONS. 179
biers and rampant climbers should be left to cover
arches and fences. However, since some walls are
hard to clothe, such as a north or east wall, I have
included in the lists the Roses that do best, irrespec-
tive of their class.
For Walls Facing North.
AlWric Barbier. Felicite Perpltue.
Ards Rover. Glorie de Dijon.
Bennett's Seedling. Mermaid.
Bouquet d'Or. Beine Marie Henriette.
Chesunt Hybrid. Rubin.
Dundee Rambler. Waltham Climber No.i.
For Walls Facing South.
Alister Stella Gray. Climbing Mrs. W. J.
Banksia White. Grant.
Banksia Yellow. Climbing Niphetos.
Climbing Chateau de Climbing Orleans-Rose.
Clos Vougeot. Climbing Papa Gontier.
Climbing Devoniensis. Climbing Paul Lede*.
Climbing K. A. Victoria. Climbing Perle des
Climbing Lady Ashtown. Jardins.
Climbing La France. Climbing Sunburst.
Climbing Lady Hilling- E. Veyrat Hermanos.
don. Fortunes Yellow.
Climbing Liberty. Lamarque.
Climbing Me'lanie Sou- Marechal Niel.
pert. K6ve d'Or.
Sinica Anemone.
For Walls facing East.
Blairii No. 2 Lady Waterlow.
Climbing Caroline Tes- Mme. Alfred Carriere.
tout. Madam Berard.
Climbing Capt. Christy. Ruby Queen.
Colcestria. W. A. Richardson.
Conrad F. Meyer. Z6pherine Drouhin
Gruss an Teplitz.
180 SELECTIONS.
For Walls Facing West.
Alister Stella Gray. Cloth of Gold.
Belle Lyonnaise. Duchesse d'Auerstadt.
Celine Forestier. L'Ideal.
Climbing Irish Fireflame. Madame Isaac Pereire.
Climbing Richmond. Madame Jules Graver-
Climbing Souv de la eaux.
Malmaison. Op'hirie.
ROSES FOR HEDGES.
I cannot understand why the Rose hedge is not
more popular than it is in large and small gardens.
Growers seem to be afraid to plant the Rose for the
purpose of forming a hedge, either tall or short, and
yet good hedges can be formed from 4 to 7 feet high
with but little trouble. To my way of thinking, a
Rose garden should be surrounded by its Rose hedge
of a height in accordance with its size, and since there
are plenty of suitable varieties of Roses for this pur-
pose, why not introduce this feature into the garden?
First, let us consider the construction of a tall boun-
dary Rose hedge of from 6 to 7 feet high. All you have
to do is to secure as many poles or iron uprights as
you require, and having placed them firmly in the
ground at equal intervals, to attach four rows of strong
galvanised wire, making the same taut, dig out your
beds, and plant one row of trees at 3 ft. 6 in. to 4 ft.
apart, and as they grow tie in the shoots to the wire.
In two or three years they will have made a perfect
hedge, which can be cut with shears every spring. No
actual pruning will be necessary except the thinning-
out of dead and useless wood. Any of the Lord Pen-
zance Sweet Briars will make a strong hedge ; so also
will the Wichuraianas and other rampant growers.
For a ihedge 4 to 5 feet high, posts and wire need
not be used ; this hedge would be planted with varieties
of the Rugosas, Chinas, Scots and Sweet Briars, cut
back lightly until the hedge was formed.
The trees would have to be planted in a double
row, leaving 2\ feet between each tree. The classes
SELECTIONS. 181
should not be mixed, thus let your hedge be all Ru-
gosas, Chinas, Scots or Sweet Briars.
Even the Polyantha Roses make a most effective
low hedge. The Austrian Briars are splendid Roses
for a front border to a tall hedge, or equally good
when planted alone. The Hybrid Musk Roses, Moon-
light and Danae are excellent for this purpose ; so also
are some of the H.T. Roses of fine growth, such as
Gruss an Teplitz.
In making selection choose those that will stand
rough treatment. Of course, if you have time you
can prune your hedge with great care,, and get
a just recompense for your labour, but for general
purposes you will get quite good results from the
shears, and here and there a more careful cutting back
with the secateurs.
ROSES FOR ARCHES.
Almost any vigorous climber will do well on an
arch or pergola, but where arches stand quite on their
own I think that the position in the garden must de-
cide as to the variety selected. For instance, climbing
La France will make a glorious arch and provide ex-
hibition blooms ; such an arch should be near the
house; Dorothy Perkins will also make as equally a
fine arch, but this should be for the more distant scene.
So much depends upon the garden and colour
scheme that I hesitate to select a list, for the choice
is so large. However, appended are twenty-four varie-
ties, all equally good.
Aglaia. Paul's Single White.
Blush Rambler. Psyche.
Coquina. Rubin.
Crimson Rambler. Ruby Queen.
Dorothy Perkins. Stella.
Electra. Tea Rambler.
Euphrosyne. Thalia.
Gardenia. The Garland.
Jersey Beauty. Trier.
182 SELECTIONS.
Leuchstern. Violet Blue.
Long-worth Rambler. Wichuraiana.
Noella Nabonnand. Yvonne.
ROSES FOR PILLARS.
A Pillar Rose is hard to define; most of the Wich-
uraiana Roses make fine pillars, and many of the
climbers that are of moderate growth are equally as
g-ood. Much depends upon the position of a pillar of
Roses before it is possible to decide as to the variety,
also a colour scheme has to be considered in many
cases.
A tall pillar needs a very vigorous grower, but a
medium or dwarf pillar should only be formed from
free and shy climbers. Thus American Pillar or
Mrs. F. W. Flight will clothe a very tall pillar, but
Bardou Job or Gustave Re"gis will only be equal to
filling a short one. I have selected twelve suitable
varieties for each case, but in instructing my readers
I would not hesitate in advising them to consult the
trade when laying out a garden. Select your colour,
then the length, and then the time of flowering. A
beautiful pillar is " a thing of beauty and a joy for
ever." Yes, even when the Roses have gone.
Tall Pillars.
American Pillar. Mrs. F. W. Flight.
Ards Pillar. Paul's Carmine Pillar.
Flower of Fairfield. Paul Transom.
Goldfinch. Ren£ Andre".
Jersey Beauty. Reine Olga de Wurtem-
Madame d'Arblay. berg.
Scarlet Rambler (Paul's)
Medium Pillars.
Avoca. Johanna Sebus.
Bardou Job. Lemon Pillar.
Billard et Barre". Mme. Wagram.
Boule de Neige. Purity.
Gustave Regis. Tausendschbn.
J. B. Clark. Una.
SELECTIONS. 183
ROSES FOR WEEPING STANDARDS.
Most of the Wichuraiana Ramblers make fine
weeping standards. Budded on to a seven, eight or
nine foot briar, they trail right down to the ground a
mass of bloom, and the effect is a very telling one in
any garden. They need space to be seen to advantage,
but when introduced into the Rose garden they lend
a wonderful beauty to the general effect and seem to
set off to advantage standards and half-standards
growing in the vicinity. In every case a trainer should
be used such as is supplied by John Pinches, of 3,
Crown Buildings, Crown Street, Camberwell, S.E.,
for without a trainer they present a poor effect, and
also there is a danger in a rough wind of the head
being blown away from the stock.
As there is always a very limited supply in this
country, it is wisest to give an order very early, or
even to get budded what you require for the following
year.
In giving the following varieties, I would point
out that although each variety will do well as a weep-
ing standard, yet so will others of a like character;
and it therefore is for the grower to decide not only
what he wants, but what he will choose if his selection
is not in stock.
Debutante. Lady Gay.
Evangeline. Minnehaha.
Excelsa. Purity.
Helene. Rene" Andre.
Hiawatha. Sanders White.
Lady Godiva. White Dorothy.
ROSES FOR STANDARDS.
The Rose garden would not be perfect without its
standard or half-standard Rose trees ; it would lose
half its beauty did we take away those slender stems
that support such a wealth of bloom above the dwarf
trees. To be able to look into the growing Rose with-
out stooping down, to smell it and touch it, is indeed
a pleasure. Many Roses, too, hang their heads, and
184 SELECTIONS.
it takes a standard tree to set off their charms. A
great number, also, do far better as standards than as
dwarfs, especially the Teas, which seem to develop
larg-er flowers and to have a better constitution when
yrown in this way.
When pruning has to be done, and later, when
insect pests abound, who would not attend to the wants
of the standard before the dwarf tree, or even the
climber? I give a list of H.P.'s, H.T.'s, and T.'s
that grow well as standards, but these are given more
as a guide to the kinds that need to be grown in this
way by reason of their drooping habit or because they
make fine heads, bloom freely and possess attractive
foliage. So many Roses, like Bessie Brown, will hang
their heads as if too shy to look you in the face, so
that you never see them at their best unless they are
grown as standards. Of course, you will have at times
some difficulty in securing certain varieties in stan-
dards, for the trade cannot meet the demands of all.
I would advise you, therefore, to leave the selection of
standards to your nurseryman if he is unable to supply
the varieties that you seek.
H.P. Standards.
Captain Hayward. Mrs. R. G. Sharman
Duke of Edinburgh. Crawford.
General Jacqueminot. Prince Camille de Rohan.
Hugh Dickson. Sir Rowland Hill.
Louis Van Houtte. Victor Hugo.
Mrs. John Laing. Snow Queen.
Margaret Dickson.
H.T. Standards.
Augustine Guinoisseau. George C. Waud.
Bessie Brown. George Dickson.
Caroline Testout. Joseph Hill.
Duchess of Wellington. Killarney.
Earl of Warwick. Lady Ashtown.
General McArthur. La France.
SELECTIONS. 185
T. Standards.
Alexander Hill Gray. Marie van Houtte.
Anna Olivier. Mrs. Edward Mawley.
Innocente Pirola Mrs. Hubert Taylor.
Lady Plymouth. Molly Sharman-Craw-
Lady Roberts. ford.
Madame Cusin. Souvenir d'un Ami.
Mme. Jean Dupuy.
ROSES FOR GROWING AS BUSHES.
The words Bush Rose convey far more than do the
words Garden Rose, although there is little difference
in the meaning1. If we want a bush of Roses we have
to select from the Queen of Flowers varieties that are
of free and vigorous growth, and, requiring little prun-
ing, soon acquire a good size and carry a large quan-
tity of flowers. In most catalogues the words
" dwarfs " and " bushes " are used to denote all
Roses that are not grown as climbers or standards,
and, in a way, it is correct ; but we mean by our title
more than the cut-back H.P., H.T., T. or N. We
allude to all those Roses that will make good bushes
of from 3 to 6 feet high.
There are, of course, a very great number, but
the following varieties are a fair sample of Roses
possessing the growth desired : —
Blanc double de Coubert. La Tosca.
Conrad F. Meyer. Lady Penzance.
Danae. Macrantha.
Fellenberg. Mermaid.
Gruss an Teplitz- Nova Zembla.
Gustave R^gis. Pax.
ROSES FOR PEGGING DOWN.
There are a few Roses that will bloom more pro-
fusely if their branches are bent back and pegged down.
The effect is a very pretty one, and often, where there
is a blank space in a border, this method has helped
to fill it for the season. The most suitable Roses for
186 SELECTIONS.
this purpose are Roses with habit of growth similar
to:
Gruss an Teplitz. Madame Jules Graver-
Gustave Rdgis. eaux.
J. B. Clark. Snow Queen.
Madame Isaac Periere.
ROSES FOR COVERING BANKS.
Most of the Wichuraianas do well for covering
banks and old tree stumps, and these being" very hardy
can be planted anywhere. A good selection of Roses
for this purpose is the following : —
AlbeVic Barbier. Hiawatha.
Coquina. Jersey Beauty.
Dorothy Perkins. Rene" Andre\
Gardenia. Wichuraiana.
ROSES FOR BEDDING.
It is a very easy matter to select from the cata-
logue all you require by way of bedding Roses and to
work to a colour scheme ; but the principal thing here
is height, and we will at once divide up our trees under
the headings of Tall, Medium, and Dwarf, and give
a few selections for a guide to the grower.
TALL VARIETIES.
Betty. Madame Melanie
Caroline Testout. Soupert.
Corallina. Marie Van Houtte.
Gustave Regis. Peace.
Hugh Dickson. Pharisaer.
La Tosca. Snow Queen.
Lady Waterlow.
MEDIUM VARIETIES.
G. Nabonnand. Madame Jules Grolez.
Homer. Madame Ravary.
Lady Battersea. Mrs. E. G. Hill.
Lady Pirrie. Mme. S. Weber.
Mme. A. Mari. Papa Gontier.
Mme. E. Herriot. Viscountess Folkestone.
SELECTIONS. 187
DWARF VARIETIES.
Coral Cluster. Maman Turbat.
Ellen Poulsen. Mrs. W. H. Cutbush.
Tessie. Orleans Rose,
Katharine Zeimet. Perle d'Or.
Little Meg. Rodhatte.
Mme. N. Levavasseur- Yvonne Rabier.
ROSES FOR EXHIBITING.
In making a selection of the best Roses for ex-
hibiting, I feel that I shall not be able to please, for
there are so many varieties, both new and old, to select
from, and it is doubtful if any two exhibitors would
think alike. However, I present my selection for the
grower with every confidence, feeling that although
many Roses may be found of equal merit, yet few can
be chosen that will in any way prove of greater worth.
It is very hard to advise the grower of few trees
as to the best, but if we work on the following lines
I do not think we shall go wrong. First, you want
to show six Roses H.P., H.T. , or T., or six Roses in
a class to include any variety. Well, my advice in
the first case is, grow three trees of a variety, eighteen
trees in all, for an exhibit of H.P.'s, or H.T.'s, or T.'s.
In the latter case, I would advise two trees of each
variety, thus giving a greater selection.
The small grower wants to be sure of finding a
Rose at show time, and he does not depend upon one
tree of a variety in hot competition where selection
counts. Also colour must be a consideration, for his
box or vase should not be all white, pink, red, or
yellow. Two of a colour in a box of six is quite
sufficient, but six Roses of different colour and shades
are better. In choosing, therefore, a variety, we con-
sider such points as size, shape, scent, colour, summer
and autumn flowering, together with a free flowering
and hardy constitution. Let me give an example in
one H.P., one H.T., and one T., and then I will submit
my lists. Choosing a White Rose, I give the palm
to Snow Queen, or, as it was once called, Frau Karl
188 SELECTIONS.
Druschki. For a Pink H.T. I should reluctantly select
Caroline Testout over La France. For a Yellow Tea
I should select Souvenir de Pierre Netting. The
grower must remember that although there are many
Roses as fine, yet those mentioned in my lists are the
most reliable for exhibition purposes, and also the
most prolific varieties for the garden.
SIX H.P.'s FOR SMALL GROWERS.
Hugh Dickson. Snow Queen.
Mrs. John Laing. Ulrich Brunner.
Mrs. R. G. Sharman- Victor Hugo.
Crawford.
SIX H.T.'s FOR SMALL GROWERS.
Caroline Testout. Mrs. Theodore
Dean Hole. Roosevelt.
Earl of Warwick. William Shean.
Lady Ashtown.
SIX T.'s FOR SMALL GROWERS.
Madame Jules Souvenir de Pierre
Gravereaux. Notting.
Molly Sharman- White Maman Cochet.
Crawford. W. R. Smith.
Mrs. Edward Mawley.
For growers anxious to exhibit a box of twelve
blooms in either the above classes, I will add now
a list of twelve varieties of H.P.'s, H.T.'s., and T.'s,
and with this list should be included the six varieties
in each case already given.
TWELVE H.P.'s FOR LARGE AND SMALL
GROWERS.
A. K. Williams. Her Majesty.
Capt. Hayward. Helen Keller.
Charles Lef^bvre. Horace Vernet.
Comte de Raimbaud. Marchioness of
Duke of Wellington. Londonderry.
Dupuy Jamain. S. M. Rodocanachi.
Etienne Levet.
&
M
O
U
SELECTIONS. 189
TWELVE H.T.'s FOR LARGE AND SMALL
GROWERS.
Bessie Brown. Madame M61anie
Florence Pemberton. Soupert..
K. A. Victoria. Mildred Grant.
Killarney. Marquise Litta.
Lad Moyra Beauclerc. Mrs. W. J. Grant.
La France. Monsieur Joseph Hill.
Lyon Rose.
TWELVE T.'s FOR LARGE AND SMALL
GROWERS.
Alexander Hill Gray. Madame Constant
Anna Oliver. Soupert.
Catherine Mermet. Media.
Comtesse de Nadailac. Mrs. Hubert Taylor.
Lady Plymouth. Mrs. Myles Kennedy.
Maman Cochet. Mrs. Foley Hobbs.
Madame Hoste.
If I extend my lists I must include a large number
of the new Roses and many more of the old varieties
which are purely exhibition Roses or are at present
too costly or hard to get. The grower cannot go far
wrong if he selects from the list of the N.R.S. gold
medal Roses included in this book what he requires,
and when he has exhausted this source he will be in
a position to judge for himself from trade catalogues
and the like as to what he should grow.
If I was to make a list for a special collection of
exhibition and other varieties, I should always include
the following choice favourites : —
H.P.s.
Abel Carriere. Grand Mogul.
Comte de Raimbaud. Louis Van Houtte.
Countess of Oxford. Sir Rowland Hill.
H.T.s.
Alice Lindsell. Helene Guillot.
Augustine Guinoisseau. Liberty.
190 SELECTIONS.
Avoca. Madame Ravary.
Duchess of Wellington. Queen of Spain.
George C. Waud. Richmond.
George Dickson. W. E. Lippiatt.
T.s.
Auguste Comte. Innocente Pirola.
Bridesmaid. Madame de Watteville.
Cleopatra. Marie Van Houtte.
Franyois Dubreuil. Muriel Grahame.
Golden Gate. Rubens.
Hon. Edith Gifford. The Bride.
With me the exhibition box will always come first,
but the vase and the basket have to-day to be con-
sidered, as also the decorative classes which embrace
so wide a range of varieties.
For a vase almost any exhibition Rose will do,
but as far as possible it is wisest to avoid all those
varieties that need much wiring. A good upright Rose
such as Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt is better than a
Bessie Brown, and presents less difficulty in the
staging. The same applies to all exhibits shown
in baskets; this is easily seen if the grower will com-
pare an exhibit of Ophelia with any other variety of
a less erect nature. One of the greatest values of
any variety lies in its utility for vase decoration. A
bowl of Roses as a rule is a very hard thing to arrange
by reason of the great majority having such weak
stems. In the purely decorative classes found at ex-
hibitions a large number of Roses are exhibited that
take a great time to wire up and arrange, and they
hardly represent their natural appearance as found
growing in the garden. To my mind there is far too
wide a range of varieties allowed by the N.R.S. to
be shown in this section, and it is at all times a most
difficult one to judge. Why Roses like Lady Hilling-
don, Lady Pirrie, Mme. Ravary, Mrs. Alfred Tate,
Mrs. E. G. Hill, Mrs. Herbert Stevens, Richmond, and
many others of like character should be included in
the decorative classes, has always been a mystery to
SELECTIONS. 191
me, for this section is too overcrowded already. The
semi-double and single-flowering Roses, with a certain
proportion of double Roses, give room for ample selec-
tion. I will not here give a lengthy list of varieties,
for most are so well known, and it is quite a matter
of opinion and taste as to which is the best suited for
an exhibit. A good vase of any of the Ramblers if
well staged should have an equal chance with the
Hybrid Musk or the Pernetiana, but as in the case of
orchids, so with Roses, the expert will often look
beyond the commonplace varieties be they ever so good
and the exhibit ever so well staged. I will therefore
omit a list, and leave such selection to the opinion of
my readers.
ROSES FOR SUBURBAN GARDENS.
Some of the most beautiful Roses I have ever
seen have been grown in suburban gardens, and it is
absurd to decree that Roses cannot be grown in the
environment of large cities. Certain varieties are
somewhat hard to grow, but there are very few that
will not do moderately well.
The grower will have more difficulties to face in
the suburban garden than he would in the country by
reason of the smoke and confined areas, but if only
he will spray his trees often to keep the foliage clean
and attend to watering and soil requirements he can
grow Roses to his heart's desire. Of course certain
varieties, being of a more hardy constitution, will do
better than others, and in making a selection I would
choose those that are most free from attacks of mildew.
I give a list of varieties for the small grower who
has little time to spare for gardening, and these have
been well tried and proved and under trying conditions
have done well, but the list can be enlarged, and in
doing so the grower should take great care that only
free-flowering and vigorous kinds be selected.
DWARF ROSE TREES
Caroline Testou^. Madame Gabriel Luizet.
Clio. Madame Isaac Periere.
192 SELECTIONS.
Daily Mail Rose Margaret Dickson.
(or Mme. Edouard Mrs. John Laing.
Herriot). Prince de Bulgarie.
General McArthur. Robert Duncan.
Gruas an Teplitz. Snow Queen (or Frau
Homer. Karl Druschki).
Hon. Edith Gifford. Souv de la Malmaison.
Hugh Dickson. Ulrich Brunner.
J. B. Clark. Victor Hugo.
Lady Ashtown.
STANDARDS.
Augustine Guinoisseau. Molly Sharman-
Viscountess Folkestone*. Crawford.
PILLARS.
Boule de Neige. Gustave Regis.
Dundee Rambler.
CLIMBERS.
Dorothy Perkins. Reine Marie Henriette.
Excelsa. White Dorothy.
Hiawatha. *W. A. Richardson.
ROSES FOR CULTURE UNDER GLASS.
I have already dealt with the growing of Roses
under glass in another chapter, so that beyond giving
a list of varieties suitable for pot culture, and also a
list of climbing varieties that do well under glass, I
have very little to add upon the subject.
POT ROSES.
Alexander Hill Gray. Melody.
Catherine Mermet. Molly Sharman-
Lady Hillingdon. Crawford.
Lady Plymouth. Ophelia.
Lady Roberts. Richmond.
Liberty. Sunburst.
Melanie Soupert.
CLIMBING ROSES.
Cl. K.A. Victoria. Climbing Niphetos.
Cl. Lady Hillingdon. Climbing Richmond.
Cl. Mrs. W. J. Grant. Marechal Niel.
Photograph by Reginald A. Malby, F.R.P.S.
EARL HAIG. (H.T.)
ALEX. DICKSON &: SONS, LTD., 1921.
Photograph by Reginald A.'Malby, F.R.P.S
MERMAID (H. Brae.)
WM. PAUL & SON, 1917.
193
COMPLETE LIST OF
The Gold Medal Roses
of the
National Rose Society.
1883
Her Majesty.
1901 Ben Cant.
1885
Mrs. John Laing1.
Queen Alexandra.
Mrs. B. R. Cant.
1887
Sir Rowland Hill.
Edith D'ombrain.
1889
Souvenir de S. A. Prince.
1902 Lady Roberts.
1890
Mrs. Paul.
Souvenir de Pierre-Notting.
Salamander.
Florence Pemberton.
Margaret Dickson.
1903 Hugh Dickson.
1891
Marchioness of Dufferin.
Mrs. David McKee.
1892
Mr. W. J. Grant.
BlushiRambler.
1893
Marchioness of
1904 Dean Hole.
Londonderry.
Mr. 0. G. Orpen.
Mrs. R. G. Sharman
J. B. Clark.
Crawford.
Irish Harmony.
Crimson Rambler.
1905 Mrs. Myles Kennedy.
1894
Marchioness of
Betty.
Devonshire.
Irish Elegance.
1895
Helen Keller.
Countess of Gosford.
1896
Muriel Grahame.
1906 Mrs- Peter Blair.
1897
Ulster.
William Shean.
1898
Bessie Brown.
Dorothy Page Roberts.
Mra. Stewart Clark.
Purity.
Mrs. Edward Mawley.
1907 Lady Helen Vincent.
Mildred Grant.
Queen of Spain.
Mrs. James Cooker.
Harry Kirk.
1899
Sunrise.
Avoca.
1908 Nita Weldon.
1900
Alice Lindsell.
Mrs. Campbell Hall.
Duchess of Portland.
G. C. Waud.
194
GOLD MEDAL ROSES (continued)
Simplicity.
White Dorothy.
Dr. O'Donel Browne.
A. Hill Gray
His Majesty.
Lady Alice Stanley.
1909 Countess of Shaftesbury.
Lady Pirrie.
Mrs. Maynard Sinton.
Ethel Malcolm.
Mrs. Hubert Taylor.
Leslie Holland.
Cynthia Forde.
Mrs. E. J. Holland.
Claudius.
1910 Edward Mawley.
Mrs. Joseph H. Walsh,
Lady Hillingdon.
Rayon d'or.
Mrs. Arthur E. Coxhead.
Mrs. Amy Hammond.
Mrs. Cornwallis West.
Mabel Drew,
Mrs. Foley Hobbs.
Mrs. Herbert Stevens.
1911 Mrs. Sam Ross.
Mrs. Richard Draper.
George Dickson.
1912 Irish Fireflame.
St. Helena.
Old Gold.
Mrs. Andrew Carnegie.
H. V. Machin.
Coronation.
H. E. Richardson.
Mrs. R. D. McClure.
Lady Mary Ward.
Mrs. Charles E. Pearson.
British Queen.
Sunburst.
1913 Mme. Edouard Herriott.
Lady Plymouth.
Mrs. Forde.
Queen Mary.
Brilliant.
Mrs. James Lynas,
Mrs Archie Gray.
Countess of Clanwilli am.
Gorgeous.
Florence Forrester.
Mrs. F. W. Vanderbilt.
lona Herdman.
Colleen.
G. Am6d£e Hammond
Muriel Dickson.
Edgar M. Burnett.
Moonlight.
Red Letter Day.
Edward Bohane.
1914 Margaret Dickson Hamill.
Mrs. Bertram J. Walker.
Augustus Hartmann.
Majestic.
Clytemnestra.
Annie Crawford.
Princess Mary.
1915 Queen of the Belgians.
Hoosier Beauty.
Paul's Scarlet Climber.
Paul's Lemon Pillar.
Isobel.
Golden Spray.
Golden Emblem.
Modesty.
1916 Mrs. Bryce Allan.
Nellie Parker.
GOLD MEDAL KOSES (continued) 195
1916
1917
1918
1919
C. E. Shea.
Victory.
Gladys Holland.
Miriam.
Flame of Fire.
Mrs. C. V. Ha worth.
Miss Willmott,
Mrs. Charles Lamplough.
Janet.
Mrs. H. R. Darlington.
K. of K.
Mrs. Henry Morse.
Donald McDonald.
Clara Curtis.
Mrs. Hugh Dickson.
1920 Rev. F. Page Roberts.
Ulster Gem.
Mrs. John R. Allan.
Emily Gray.
Princess Victoria.
Christine.
Ethel James.
"Y von n <*
The Queen Alexandra Rose
Mrs. George Marriott.
Marjorie Bulkeley.
Hawlmark Scarlet.
Elizabeth Cullen.
Lady Inchiquin.
Una Wallace,
Mermaid.
Mrs. Redford.
Courtney Page.
1921 Betty Uprichard.
Covent Garden.
Coral Cluster.
Pax,
Earl Haig.
Golden Ophelia.
Mabel Morse.
Lamia.
Muriel Wilson.
Irene Thompson.
Padre.
Martha Drew.
Phoebe.
Independence Day.
Snowflake.
Artistic Rustic Work.
"THE NEWPORT"
ROSARY ® TRELLIS.
t,*ri*«* »-,!<. tw
... 5 FT. 21 FT. 5 FT. ...
25s. 6d.
Pretty Rustic Fencing from 1/6 per yard.
Garden Arches ... from 5/- each.
Illustrated Catalogue Post Free.
E. J. PREECE, Manufacturer,
-264,-
Cacrleon Road, Newport Mon.
MRS. F. \V. FLI(;HT. (poly.
W. CUTBUSH & SON, 1905.
Photograph by Reginald A. Malby, F.R.P.S.
Photograph lent by G. G. Whitelejfj; A
EXCELS A. (wich.)
M. H. WALSH, 1909.
197
CHAPTER XVI.
GARDEN ORNAMENTATION.
A Rosebud by my early walk
In a' its crimson glory spread."
— Burns.
Garden ornamentation is a very big subject and
it embraces a very wide field ; indeed it is very hard
to define where it begins and where it leaves off.
Look we to the boundary, and it is the garden wall;
cast your eyes towards the house and it is the flagged
walk and the terrace, the loggia or the arch ; gaze
into the garden, and 'midst the flowers stands a sun-
dial, a vase, or a garden ornament; the very path-
way to the rustic summer-house, if paved, is an attrac-
tion. The old well-head, the wrought-iron gate, the
garden seat, statuary, and fountains, have all their
place ; but when we consider the cut box or yew shaped
like a bird or fashioned to some quaint device the
thought strikes us, " Where are you to stop," and
in what way does such ornamentation affect a garden
of Roses? Surely the Rose, like any other flower,
requires a beautiful setting, and be it only the arch
or summer-house, few gardens can dispense with suit-
able ornamentation. The joy of a garden lies not only
in its flowers, but its walks, its trees, its shrubs and
general outlay. It goes further, for it extends to the
house itself. A beautiful garden is nearly always in-
keeping with the house, and it is made to suit the
particular style in which the house is built. It is truly
marvellous what can be done when the builder and
gardener conjointly work out a scheme. Messrs.
F. M. Thompson & Sons, of 14, Victoria Street, Lon-
198 GAEDEN OENAMENTATION.
don, are certainly one of the cleverest builders we have,
some of their terraces, summer-houses, and garden
walls are exquisite gems of architecture, and their build-
ing is perfect. To select varieties of Roses to fill beds,
clothe walls, cover loggias, arches and pillars is no
mean task, especially when working to a colour scheme
and an equal distribution of bloom to extend through-
out the season. It is made easier when the architect
or builder considers as far as he can the position of
every arch, pillar, stone vase or bed. I remember once
seeing a very clever wall built not unlike the Norman
dog-tooth decoration round an arch. Instead of run-
ning dead straight from north to south or east to
west it zig-zagged, and after going off to the right for
a certain number of feet it went off to the left for an
equal distance and at the same angle, and so it con-
tinued left to right and right to left to the end of the
wall. The idea was this, if you planted your fruit-tree
at the apex of the outside angle of each sector of the
wall you could train the branches left and right, and
in the case of cold cutting winds, only one-half of the
tree would suffer, while the inside angle, being more
sheltered, became when facing south a veritable sun-
trap suited for delicate trees. The wall was built in
old brick with white stone coping and ornaments, and
planted it looked most effective. There is no end to
ideas, and the most hopeless garden in the hands of
a firm like Messrs. F. M. Thompson & Sons can be
made beautiful. A well-built summer-house is after
all not so very costly, and on wet days it is a most
welcome retreat. In planting to all stone-work I
should select Roses with large blooms and big foliage
— for instance, Gloire de Dijon would look better and
do better than Dorothy Perkins. Old stone vases form
an exception, for these when deep enough and raised
high enough from the ground give a most wonderful
effect when planted with a weeping Rose. For stone
well-heads with iron work I should select a Rose like
William Allan Richardson, and over stone seats large
Roses like Climbing La France and Climbing K.A.
Victoria. The same rule applies to the loggia, it is
GAEDEN ORNAMENTATION. 199
not in keeping with heavy work to plant trees with
small flowers and foliage. Of course there is always
a dividing line; sometimes the loggia or the summer-
house is linked up by a pergola, in which case
Ramblers give greater effect.
A good pergola is not easy to build, and to be
really effective it must be in keeping with the garden
and house. There are two kinds of pergola — one that
is made of cut and squared timber and the other which
is made of rustic work, that is, uncut wood of medium
size retaining its bark or not, as may be desired. There
are many firms that make pergolas, and I have selected
two of the best known for my book ; these two can
absolutely be relied upon for first-class work. These
are Castle's Shipbreaking Co., of Baltic Wharf, 160,
Grosvenor Road, and E. J. Preece, of Caerleon Road,
Newport, Mon. Messrs. Castle's work is of cut tim-
ber, world-famous in history, for the seasoned teak-
wood and oak of our old British men-o'-war was of
the best.
Pergolas made of oak or teakwood are well suited
to the formal garden, being of a heavier and more
solid character. It is in keeping with the set paths
and beds, the squared turf, the paving, and the well-
built walls. It conveys finish and an old-world touch.
The stately Rose, nailed or tied in, should be its
climber in preference to the frivolous rambler, ever
sporting with the breeze. Ofttimes, however, it is
necessary to construct the pergola on the rather tall
side, and it is not easy to find Roses that will clothe
it quick enough outside the rambling classes, so that
these have to be included to secure a good effect in
a short space of time. Messrs. Castle's garden furni-
ture is made of the same timber, and unless stone
seats are used there is much to be said for the employ-
ment of cut timber, for garden seats and tables will
then be more in keeping with the garden. I do dislike
to see a garden of a definite period possessing features
out of character, when but little expense or trouble
H. M. S. " IMPREGNABLE."
Purchased from the Admiralty in 1921— to be
broken up.
MAN O'WAR TEAKWOOD.
GARDEN FURNITURE
No Paint No Varnish.
CATOLOGUES FREE.
Castle's Shipbreaking Co.
LTD.
Baltic Wharf - 160, Grosvenor Road, S.W.6.
Telephone— Victoria 3369.
Established 1838.
GARDEN ORNAMENTATION. 201
would make it perfect. Windsor chairs in an Eliza-
bethan garden or common pottery standing" in an old
garden rich in stone work and lead figures is to me
an offence ; it shows a lack of many things which we
will not here enumerate. " Money," did you say?
Oh, no ! For a teakwood seat costs very little more
than a set of Windsor chairs and it lasts a life-time;
also stone vases or imitation stone vases can be picked
up as cheap to-day as the commonplace pottery. A
pergola, of course, is an expensive item if built of oak
or teakwood, but it is a lasting pleasure. Where the
garden is of an informal character, often far from the
house, or even when adjoining, full of trees and shrubs
and winding paths, then the rustic arch and pergola
is more in keeping with the garden. Further, the
rustic arch and rustic pergola is better suited to the
Rambling Rose, which more often than not is selected
by reason of its hardy and vigorous growth. Mr.
E. J. Preece, who has made a special study of rustic
work, has some very pretty designs, and there is
nothing common about his rustic fencing, arches, or
pergolas. You cannot call five shillngs dear for a Rose
arch or one shilling and sixpence per yard dear for
rustic fencing. The small grower to-day has far
greater opportunities of decorating his garden at small
cost than ever had the Rose growers of the past.
Every Rose garden should have its arch or per-
gola ; if it does not, some of the best Roses cannot be
grown, and it loses a most important attraction. If
rustic arches or a rustic pergola be introduced into
the Rose garden, then let the summer-house be also
in the same style, and, like the arches, let it be
covered with Rambling Roses. I have included in so
many plans space and room for a sundial that I feel
it incumbent upon me to here make special mention of
this most interesting garden ornament.
Watches are so cheap to-day that the sundial has
become almost altogether a thing of the past, so much
so that few owners of a garden ever trouble to have
Contractors to H.M. Government.
Established Nearly a Century.
F. M. Thompson& Sons
LIMITED,
Building Contractors & Reinforced
Concrete Engineers.
We have executed work all over the
Country for the leading Architects, and our
experience of high-class Architectural Work
is at your disposal when contemplating any
class of Building.
Ornamental Garden Work with Loggias,
Lily Ponds, Summer Houses, Garden Walling
and Paving are our Specialities.
We are also manufacturers of Eeinforced
Concrete Fencing Posts of any design.
YOUK ENQUIRIES WILL BE ESTEEMED.
Telephone :
Louth, Lincolnshire.
Reg.— Office and Works:
LOUTH 26.
V|'c~«.
1 4 Victoria Street,
Westminster, S.W.
GAEDEN OENAMENTATION. 203
a dial constructed for the locality in which they live.
But why not? Surely your garden ornament has at
once a greater interest. If you write to F. Barker
and Son, of Sun-Dial House, Clerkenwell, London, and
give the locality for which the dial is required and its
size, you can have an accurate timekeeper for very
little money, either in brass or stone ; and on it can
be inserted any motto you wish. Out of the six
hundred mottoes I have written and published in my
book of sundials, I would like to select two, good
reader for your consideration : —
" Like the flowers, ever try
To catch the sun ere it go by."
" O, swift are the wings of a swallow,
And the vibrating sound of a chime,
But nought has been born that can follow
Such a thing as a moment of time."
Sundials and Roses ; of course the two are almost
inseparable, and our happiest hours that too soon be-
come memories are resuscitated by the sundial and the
pot-pourri jar from the past.
There are so many garden ornaments that are
suited to the Rose garden that I hesitate to specialise.
Go to T. Crowther & Sons, of Northend Road, West
Kensington, and see their wonderful collection. You
can positively get anything you want, from garden
gates to a bird-bath. I know of no greater selection
in the United Kingdom, and certainly not at their
prices. Lovely well-heads, statuary, and fountains,
lead figures, dials, and vases of every description fill
their store, and he who could not frame a suitable set-
ting for the Queen of Flowers from there would indeed
be hard to please. The enthusiast must not think that
my pen has run riot, for it has not; and, although this
chapter deals only indirectly with the Queen of
Flowers, yet I consider it to be of real importance,
for flowers, like human beings, must have a home, and
the best is only realised in happy surroundings. A
friend of mine once showed me his Roses ; they were
H
GAEDEN OENAMENTATION. 205
all planted in the kitchen garden, and between the rows
of trees were cabbages and decaying cabbage stumps.
Granted the trees were healthy and covered with
bloom, but the smell of the cabbages was overpower-
ing. When I left I wrote on the back of my card : —
" The cabbage rotting in the air,
Defies the scented Rose;
And every gardener must declare
It doth offend the nose."
There is a place for everything, and surely the best
place in the garden belongs to the Rose by right.
Before closing this chapter a few words as to paths
and grass, two of the most important and essential
features of every garden.
On large estates the mowing of lawns and grass
round beds is indeed to-day a consideration when
labour is scarce and very dear. In my old Rose gar-
den it used to be my one great lament that it took up
so much valuable time and detracted so much from the
pleasure of gardening. Then, there was no "Atco "
motor mower to do in an hour what took possibly two
hard days' work for a man and a boy. I was aston-
ished to see such simplicity in a machine, indeed a child
can work it. It is hard enough to bend over your
trees, but to mo\v and roll as well, is too exacting.
Nevertheless the work has got to be done, and a debt
of gratitude goes up to Messrs. Chas. H. Pugh, Ltd.,
for their wonderful invention. A well-kept lawn is
the true settng for a Rose bed ; it is like a wrell-mossed
box of Rose blooms at an exhibition. Even when
there are paths and walks and large paved spaces, yet
the Rose bed to look its best should be surrounded by
turf. Of course, this is not always possible in small
gardens, and the small amount of turf introduced would
hardly make any difference, and it would entail a lot
of labour to keep it in order. It is a very difficult
matter to advise without seeing a garden, as to the
right kind of path ; so much depends upon the house
and situation. For a small garden, such as we find
JOSEPH BROOKE & SONS
HALIFAX.
65, Victoria Street,
Westminster, S.W.I.
Crazy and Rectangular Paving.
Walling Stones, Rockeries.
Yorkstone Quarry Owners.
GARDEN OENAMENTATION. 207
in the suburbs of our great cities, I think there is
nothing to beat the Yorkshire paving; this stone again
should be used in paths for formal gardens surrounded
by stone walls. It is not only a beautiful addition to
any garden, but it is the driest path you can have, and
on wet days or after a storm of rain you can visit your
garden with some degree of comfort, which is hardly
possible with turf.
Most of the plans in this book show gravel or
stone-flagged paths, and these are all to scale, so that
the areas can easily be worked out and the cost of a
path ascertained.
Joseph Brooke & Sons, of 65, Victoria Street,
Westminster, who have their own quarries, are with-
out doubt one of the best and cheapest firms in the
trade for all kinds of stone, especially that used for
the making of dry walls and paths. The maker of
a garden, whether amateur or professional, can get
all he requires at very small cost.
I hold no brief for any firm beyond the fact that
to help the grower or planner of a garden I have made
every effort to get the cordial support of the most
reliable horticultural firms of this country. This book
is built for practical purposes, and it is earnestly hoped
that the trader as well as the amateur will benefit from
its information. It is not always easy to find what
you require ; one man wants Old London paving,
another crazy paving, another York stone, another
granite chips, all in small or large quantities. Few
firms can supply a wide range of stone in quantity, and
the name of a firm who at short notice can do so is
useful at all times.
— TENNIS. —
REDUCES LAWN UPKEEP BY 75%
The "ATCO" costs less than 2d. to
efficiently cut 1,000 sq yards of turf
in 20 minutes, Cutters 22" wide,
AND PAYS FOR ITSELF IN A YEAR.
Sole Mfrt. : Chas. H. PUGH, Ltd.,
Whitworth Works, BIRMINGHAM.
For Free Demonstrations on your own
grass, consult one of our 1 2 Service
Depots, equipped with 60 competent
mechanics.
fr>
— BOWLING. —
PAUL'S LEMON PILLAR.
WM. PAUL & SON, 1915.
Photosn-aph by Reginald A. Malby, F.E.P.S.
(H.N.)
Photograph by Reginald A. Malby, F.R.P.S.
JONKHEER J. L. MOCK. (H.T.)
M. LEENDERS & Co.,
209
CHAPTER XVII.
THE ROSE GROWER'S CALENDAR.
" Roses and friends to share thy merriment,
Seize now that joy with which to-day is rife ! "
— Omar Khayyam.
JANUARY.
There is always work to do in every garden of
any size, but if the Rose grower has followed closely
the seasons of the year in all his undertakings,
January will be one of the most quiet months. Plant-
ing that has been delayed should be pushed forward
whenever the ground is free from frost. Old manure
from spent hot beds can be got out, and beds that
have been forked over can be top-dressed with the
same, but only when the frost is out of the ground.
Roses under glass will now be starting, and
ventilation and careful watering will be necessary. On
the first signs of any insect pests fumigate the house
with Auto-Shreds. Standard Rose stocks may still be
procured from the hedge-row and planted as soon as
possible.
All trees this month should be regularly inspected
after storms of wind or rain ; those that are loosened
should be nailed in or tied up, and those that are
planted on low-lying or clay soil should not have
water standing round them too long. From the latter
part of the month until the middle of February Roses
may be grafted in heat under glass. Pot Roses should
be pruned and brought into the house in relays at
intervals of a few days to ensure a succession of
flower. Before it is too late all arches or pergolas
should be erected, and climbers installed in their
places. If forgotten, pot up a few Rose trees for
careful transplanting into the open in late spring or
summer to make up any losses.
210 THE ROSE GROWER'S CALENDAR.
FEBRUARY.
" February fill the ditch, black or white, I don't
care which," is an old country saying1, and it is true;
for rain and snow is the order of the month. With
this in mind we hasten to straighten up our gardens
and finis'h planting on dry open days.
After frosts examine all Rose cuttings in the open,
and if loosened or lifted in the soil they should be
made firm by treading the soil round them. Make all
trees secure against March winds, especially climbers,
which should be tied in or nailed up, as the case may
be. Finis'h the pruning of all pot Roses and bring a
few more trees into the forcing house every week until
the end of the month, when all should be started.
Continue grafting Roses under glass until the middle
of the month. All Roses growing under glass are
very liable to mildew and insect pests, due to want of
care in the regulating of air and moisture. Half the
trouble arises out of the use of some cheap foreign
thermometer. The only thermometers, in my opinion,
that can be relied on are those made by Negretti and
Zambra, which are well tested before sending out.
Avoid draughts in a house and regulate the tem-
perature so as to prevent, as far as possible, the
sudden and excessive rising and falling of the ther-
mometer. If mildew appears, spray with Cooper's V2K
or Abol, both of which will keep down this scourge.
Climbing Roses under glass will want watching
closely for insect pests. It is no use clearing pot
Roses of pests whilst climbers in the same house are
infested, and more often than not these are the cause
of trouble being hard to get at. It is always wisest
to fumigate an old greenhouse from time to time, as
such are seldom quite free from the enemies of the
Rose. At the end of the month, if the weather is mild,
Roses growing on sunny walls may be pruned.
THE EOSE GEOWEE'S CALENDAE. 211
MARCH.
March, with its boisterous, rough weather, is the
busiest month in the year for the Rose grower. Late
planting and the pruning of Rose trees go on together,
whilst the tying in of climbers and the firming of soil
around trees loosened by the wind, the lifting of layers
made the previous summer, the staking of budded
stocks, the careful ventilation of the greenhouse, the
spraying of trees under glass, and the potting up of a
few spare trees all want to be done at once.
Pruning becomes our first consideration, and we
start with the H.P.'s and our climbers, then the H.T.
Roses, leaving the Teas and the most delicate varieties
until the first or second week in April.
Cuttings from forced Roses may be taken this
month and planted in pots ; these should be rooted in
bottom heat. Watch the thermometer closely this
month, and regulate carefully the ventilation of your
greenhouse. Insect pests will make their appearance
under glass and must be looked for. Transplant seed-
lings to their new quarters. Take great care that in
all planting the weather is suitable ; in any case pro-
tect roots from March winds and see that all frost is
out of the ground at planting.
Do not remove any protection against frost from
your trees until the end of the month except in very
sheltered corners of the garden. If your soil is a light
one it is advisable to cover the surface of the beds of
newly planted trees with a little old and well-rotted
hot bed manure, this will conserve the moisture and
greatly help the trees, especially the late planted ones.
When pruning trees, examine the labels to see
that all are correct, for oft times these get blown off
and lost. Because some trees have advanced and from
the tops of their branches are showing leaf, do not
let this soften your heart and cause you to break all
the good laws of pruning ; remember you want flowers
— not leaves.
212 THE ROSE GROWER'S CALENDAR.
APRIL.
April with its sunny smiles and tears of rain is
not an easy month for the Rose grower. Tea Roses
have to be pruned and all trees inspected for early
signs of grub or aphis. As eyes on standard and other
trees break where they are not wanted they should be
rubbed out. Suckers from the parent stock should be
removed, and Roses budded last year as soon as they
are long enough should have their shoots tied to canes
or sticks.
Climbing Hybrid Teas are better left unpruned for
the first year after planting, as often after pruning
they will refuse to climb, especially if cut back rather
hard. This is a good month to scatter soot over the
surface of the beds and to very lightly fork it in. If
the weather prove dry, water all newly transplanted
Roses, giving them a good soak ; remember a light
shower of rain is not likely to reach their roots. The
covering to beds, such as bracken and leaves, can now
be removed if not already done, and the surface of
every bed should be lightly hoed. Most of the work
for this month will lie in the greenhouse, and the
grower will have a busy time in attending to his pot
roses, which will require from now onwards more
water and careful mulching with weak manure water.
Insect pests must be carefully watched for, and if these
are found in any quantity fumigate the Rouse at once
with "Auto-Shreds." Attend carefully to the ventila-
tion of your house, for April hardly ever brings two
days alike.
Inspect the seed bed and hand-pick any weeds,
also give a scattering of soot to ward off insect pests.
Cuttings can be taken during this month from trees
that have been forced ; these should be rooted in bottom
heat, as already described. The rain-water tub, with
its bag of soot and sfieep manure, should be visited,
and after a storm of rain, trees may be watered with
the liquid in dilute form.
THE EOSE GEOWER'S CALENDAR. 213
MAY.
May is a month of hope ; every fine day brings us
nearer to our Teast of Roses. Buds are showing
everywhere, and insect pests abound to harass the poor
grower. There is no help for it ; all trees must be gone
over every day or every other day at least if we are
not to lose a bud or some promising shoot. Hand-
picking is the only remedy this month.
These are early days, but the grower in many
cases will be able to decide as to the removal of certain
unnecessary buds in order to foster a likely exhibition
bloom. If the weather is dry it is wisest to water
trees, but this should be done in the mornings. Late
frosts will be a cause of great anxiety, but little can
be done to protect your trees other than to tie a piece
of newspaper or the like round some choice bud for
the night, which must be removed next morning.
Weak liquid manure and soot water can be given to
all trees freely this month. It is a wise measure to
spray all climbers growing over arches and pergolas
with insecticide; owing to the height at which they
are growing it is not possible to hand-pick these trees,
and they suffer in consequence.
Harden off all Roses grown under glass that have
flowered, and then stand them in the open. Continue
to tie up shoots of last year's budded roses to canes
and sticks. If mildew makes its appearance in the
green house dust the leaves of all trees affected with
sulphur, and then two or three days later with soft
soap and water.
Cut back hard Marshal Niel trees that have
flowered and give free ventilation. Cuttings taken
under glass in March and April can now be trans-
ferred to single pots and grown on as before. Keep
a good supply of rain-water standing in the open, for
this is indispensable from now onwards.
214 THE EOSE GEO WEE'S GALEN DAE.
JUNE.
June opens the flood gates of the floral world, and
Roses bloom in the open, increasing- in numbers as
the month advances. The glory of a June Rose is
lhard to excel ; there seems to be a greater freshness
about the foliage than there is with those of July, and
with many varieties .first blooms are often the finest.
Disbudding must proceed apace, and the slaughter of
the innocents must take place if exhibition blooms are
to be secured. Read carefully the information given
to you on disbudding contained in this book, and do
not let a day go by without putting it in practice.
Continue your vigilant care to ward off and exter-
minate pests, whose attacks will gradually lessen to-
wards the end of the month. The labours of the
Rosarian this month are not arduous unless fhe
weather proves very dry, when all trees will require to
have the surface of the ground hoed round them to
conserve the moisture in the soil.
A good watering with weak manure water will
help all trees, and soot in the water will certainly give
a deeper green to the growing foliage.
Branches damaged by frost will now show clearly
if they are going to die off, and if so they should be
cut back. Pot Roses may now be placed out in the
open, and from these may be selected trees to fill up
many blanks that have been occasioned owing to frost
and other causes.
If the exhibitor has not already prepared his
show boxes, let him do so at once, and let him secure
a good supply of green moss, which can be laid on fhe
ground in the shade and damped down each day to
keep it fresh and more or less in a growing condition.
To obtain well-ripened seed, some of the earliest
Roses may be crossed as soon as the pollen is ready,
but, like old Mother Hubbard, you may find results
for labour empty and that someone — in this case in
the shape of insects — has been there first.
THE ROSE GROWER'S CALENDAR. 215
JULY.
July is really the Rose month, only glorious June
will not concede the honour. This month Roses bloom
everywhere, and shows are held for their display
throughout the United Kingdom. The Rose grower
now reaps the reward of his loving care and attention.
July is a very busy month, for in addition to the shows,
there is much to do in the garden. Old blooms have
to be cut off unless the seed is wanted, trees have to
be watered in dry weather, disbudding must be con-
tinued, the land must be hoed to keep down weeds.
Rose shades must be inspected and adjusted, standard
briars for budding must have fheir shoots reduced to
the number required, mildew may appear or other
fungus trouble, which on first signs must be treated.
Propagation by layers can be proceeded with, and
budding should be well in hand. Pot Roses that have
made good growth can be shifted into larger pots, and
flower buds should be removed off all trees wanted for
winter flowering.
In the evening after the heat of the day the foliage
of roses will benefit from a good spraying of clear
water that has stood in the sun all day. I do not
advise spraying with water from a well, for the plants
often get chilled, and this will invite mildew. Roses
to do well must have water this month, and plenty of
it. Keep the trees clean, removing dead leaves and
blooms that have fallen. Attention now, is going to
help an early crop of autumn Roses, and considerably
benefit the trees. Aphis may appear, but a good spray-
ing for two or three days in succession will remove
this pest. Do not neglect your Roses under glass by
reason of the work in the open, for the climber especi-
ally will need care, in ventilation, watering and spray-
ing. I strongly advise all growers to take stock of
their gardens this month, and to make up their orders
now, both by visits to the shows and, what is far
better, the nurseries.
216 THE EOSE GEO WEE'S CALENDAR.
AUGUST.
Roses bloom and petals fall all too quickly this
month, for the heat is generally overpowering". In the
evenings keep the hoe and watering can going, and
remove all dead blooms. Spray the foliage freely with
water that has stood in the sun, and where trees are
affected with aphis or mildew a good insecticide or
wash should be used. Everything should be done to
promote the growth of young wood that will yield the
autumn Rose, and I know of no better method than
the watering can, or even the hose pipe. Budding
must be pushed on with, and where the grower has
only a few stocks to bud, I strongly advise that buds
be taken and inserted in the evening, or after the noon-
day heat. The layering of Rose trees may be done this
month, and after the operation keep the ground in a
moist condition and the surface of the soil broken.
Summer cuttings may be taken and struck in bottom
heat ; they will soon root and make nice little trees for
planting out.
Give all Roses growing under glass as much air
as possible this month, and spray with clear water in
the evenings and early morning. Examine all pot
Roses to see that they do not dry out, and also that
they are free from insect pests. In cutting Roses do
not remove too much foliage, for this month more than
any other it is of the greatest value to the tree, and
for this very reason it should be kept free from dust
and dirt by means of spraying. At the first signs of
fungi the grower must spray or remove affected leaves.
Mildew, unlike rust or black spot, can generally be
cured without great damage to the foliage, if taken at
once. This is a grand month for collecting Rose
petals of all highly scented varieties, and having dried
them in the sun, to put them with other dried scented
flowers and sweet-smelling leaves into a china bowl
or jar for the making of pot-pourri in leisure hours.
In drying do not let the petals remain out at night to
catch the falling dew .
THE EOSE GEOWEE'S CALENDAE. 217
SEPTEMBER.
Roses are now becoming very scarce, and every
bloom is greatly prized. In order to make sure that
every likely bud develops, thin out carefully all small
buds and useless shoots, and fork over the soil of the
bed, giving the same a good mulching with liquid
manure. Cut out all dead wood from climbing Roses
on walls and arches, and nail up or tie in as necessary.
Untie raffia round budded stocks and fork over the
soil, removing suckers and useless shoots. As soon
as possible, mark out and prepare all beds for new
Roses, manuring and trenching the ground in readi-
ness for the autumn planting.
Repot Rose trees that need it, except those that
are required for winter flowering, which will be held
over until the spring or summer. At the end of the
month bring in the first batch of pot Roses into a
warm house, and start the same into growth. A few
buds may still be put into briars that have failed, but
these should be carefully protected against frost and
cold, cutting winds, as the union will be none too
good. All trees carrying a good crop of autumn buds
should be well watered with liquid manure, and every
effort should be made to ripen off the wood early by
the removal of superfluous buds and worthless shoots.
Take stock of all trees and vacant space for new
Roses, and see that everything is in readiness for
planting at an early date. In a mild season, Roses
can be gathered in the open until Christmas; but
everything depends upon the attention that the trees
now receive.
Autumn shows are few, but those that open their
classes to Roses will receive the attention of the Rose
grower, and only he who has disbudded with care will
be able to compete with any chance of credit and suc-
cess. A liberal mulching with liquid manure and a
regular hoeing of the surface of the bed is essential;
also the removal of all dead blooms and the preventing
of any going to seed. Such attentions are essential
not only for the securing of late blooms, but also to
ensure the ripening of all wood.
218 THE ROSE GEOWEE'S CALENDAR
OCTOBER.
Autumn Roses now become very precious, and if
the season is a wet one many promising- blooms will
fail to open.
Disbudding- must be the order of the day if we
are to procure Rosas up to Christmas. One, or
sometimes two. buds at most, should be left on a rod
or branch, and shading- should only be used as a pro-
tection against wet weather. After a storm, lift all
shades, to avoid damping- off, for Roses now will re-
quire all the sun they can get. All orders for these
should go into the nursery this month, especially for
standards and half-standards, as all orders are taken
in rotation, and many varieties in standards are soon
sold out. Cuttings may now be taken from trees
growing- in the open, and planted as directed in Chapter
IX. Push forward with the preparation of new
Rose-beds, and get all ready for the planting season.
Do not be in a hurry to start your planting too soon.
Remember, to do well, a tree when it is lifted should
be at rest. Briar and Nanetti cuttings may be taken
this month and planted out in the open for next year's
stocks. Plant out rooted cuttings and seedlings, and
repot and top-dress all pot Roses for forcing. Shorten
very long growths on dwarf trees, to prevent them
being- blown about by rough winds ; or, if the tree is
still making much growth, stake and tie it up in pre-
ference to cutting, for shoots too severely shortened
often cause, on a growing tree, the lower eyes to
break.
At the end of the month Roses may be raised from
the open ground for potting, and all Roses growing
in pots should be inspected, and, after the pots have
been cleaned, should be brought in to be grown on
under glass. Inspect late-budded stocks, and see that
all ties are removed. Push forward with the nailing
up and tying in of all climbers before the rough winds
do damage. Cease the giving of manures in any form
to all trees, and use every effort to secure an early
period of rest by removal of worthless buds, suckers,
and weakly shoots.
THE EOSE GROWER' S CALENDAR. 219
NOVEMBER.
The work of September and October is pushed
forward with, and planting is now in full swing-. As
beds are planted and edged up, manure and leaves are
scattered freely over the surface of the same, to give
protection against frost and cutting winds. Hardy
trees are thinned of all dead wood, and useless shoots
and lengthy shoots are shortened ; but all regular
pruning is deferred until the spring. Fork over all
old Rose borders, and give a generous coating of well-
rotted manure and leaves. Get in a goodly store of
loam and leaf-mould, and tidy up the potting-shed for
future operations. All planting in the open should bo
proceeded with only in dry weather, and wet days
should be avoided, unless the work to be executed
threatens to be too lengthy a task. Plant stocks of
all kinds, and as the bundles of trees arrive from the
nurseries, these should be carefully unpacked and
heeled in, unless the planting can be carried out at
once. Pot Roses intended for February flowering
should now be pruned prior to their being brought into
the house for forcing. Most of the Rose-grower's
work will be in the open, and little time will be spent
in the greenhouse ; but climbers will now need atten-
tion, and every care should be taken of trees that have
started into growth. Inspect all beds, and note where
trees can be planted or others shifted to advantage, so
that any extra orders may be executed by the nur-
series before the season becomes too advanced. Rose
seed may be gathered at the end of the month and
sown, or kept in damp sand until the spring. Cut-
tings may still be taken, and should be planted with-
out further delay. Protect all budded stocks, draw-
ing soil and leaves round those that are dwarf,
and tying leaves round buds inserted into standard
briars. Stake and tie in all branches that need it, and
shorten lengthy shoots that will have to be cut back
at the spring of the year. Now is the time to secure
some sharp, clean sand, and also lime, for future use,
and no gardener should be without a store of either.
220 THE KOSE GEOWEE'S CALENDAE.
DECEMBER.
There is hardly a month in the year that the
ardent Rose grower can call a month of relaxation
from work. Even chill December, with its frost and
snow, does not call a halt to the lover of the Queen of
Flowers. Open weather sees the planting of trees
that have been ordered late, and all trees have to be
protected against frost. The leaves of the forest are
collected into sacks and carefully distributed round
delicate Roses, being held in place by soil. Bracken
is cut and distributed over beds that are too exposed
to the elements, and all is made secure against the
severe weather that must be encountered before the
Rose grower can rest and call an hour of relaxation
his own. The careful labelling of trees is a most im-
portant item, and if not done at planting time should
be carried out now, without further loss of time.
Standard briars are diligently sought for in the 'hedge-
rows and the field, and are transferred to the garden
without loss of time. Seed-pods are collected, and the
seed is sown forthwith, or is stored in damp sand for
sowing in the early spring. Trees that are not tied or
nailed in are now secured, and dead wood is removed.
Old manure is wheeled out and scattered liberally over
the surface of the well-forked beds. Arches and per-
gola-work is constructed for the next year's trees, and
any budding or digging is pushed on with before the
season for planting is past. But if work in the open is
arduous, much more so are the tasks that await the
grower of the Queen of Flowers under glass. Pot
Roses for February flowering are now brought into a
warm ihouse, and the batch to follow these are care-
fully pruned and the pots cleaned in readiness. The
store of potting soil, leaf-mould, sand, pots, and crocks
are increased, and all is got ready for future use. The
greenhouse and the potting-shed gradually becomes
the gardener's home, and his great source of anxiety
is the heating and ventilating of the same. Careful
ventilation is his great care, and the watering of all
trees from now onwards requires thought and con-
sideration as trees begin to shoot and to make tender
growth.
1
Photograph by Reginald A. Malby, F.K.P.S.
AMERICAN PILLAR, (wich.)
CONARD & JONES Co., 1909.
221
CHAPTER XVIII.
PLANS AND PLANTING SCHEMES.
With sweet Musk Roses and with Eglantine"
— Shakespeare.
That which is worth doing* at all is worth doing1
well, and throughout life this has ever been one of my
most valued mottoes.
If you intend to grow Roses, and you have the
land, do the thing properly. Make a Rose garden,
and study to see how many trees you can plant, and
how great an effect you can secure from a clearly de-
fined space. I know of no cheaper form of gardening
than the growing- of Roses.
The majority of people are possessed with the idea
that Rose-growing is a very expensive hobby, and for
this reason they have never attempted to grow in any
quantity this most beautiful of all flowers. Now, if
only the horticultural — and floricultural — loving- public
would be perfectly fair, and consider carefully the profit
and loss of their gardens, weighing as profit the
amount of pleasure obtained from the cultivation of
certain flowers against the necessary expenditure in-
volved in the said cultivation — which we will term loss
— then they would be indeed surprised to find how well
within their means the Queen of Flowers really was,
and how very favourably she compared with, if she did
not even -surpass, all other flowers, in the supplying the
greatest amount of pleasure and profit, coupled with
the smallest expenditure or loss.
Few flowers there are that exist in a greater num-
ber of varieties than the Rose ; few with habits so
varied and so well adapted to make a garden beau-
222 PLANS AND PLANTING SCHEMES.
tiful. Her armies are already legion, and yet they re-
ceive fresh recruits every year. New varieties are con-
tinually being- raised, to add, if possible, fresh charms
to the ranks of the most beautiful of all flowers.
The Rose asks no rival to share her domain, and
she is prepared to fulfil every decorative desire. With
the dwarfest of trees she will bejewel the earth, rising
in varying heights her head, from the dwarf to the half-
standard or the standard to the weeper. With climb-
ing varieties she throws a mantle of flowers over rock,
pillar, or arch, giving to the garden — small or large — a
most dazzling effect.
There seems to be nothing in reason that she
cannot do. Starting to flower with queenly splendour
at the end of May or the beginning of June, she holds
her court until the end of October or beginning of
November — a pleasure to all ! It is hard to understand
why more people do not grow this beautiful flower.
The only two reasons I have ever heard given, worthy
of consideration are : (i) " My soil will not grow
Roses "; and (2) "I cannot afford it." Now, reason
(i) certainly sounds very hopeless, but I can straight-
way assure any would-be grower, who is really of this-
opinion, that such is not the case, or, at any rate,
such need not be so. It is, indeed, too true that some
soils are far more productive than others, and certain
localities present greater facilities ; yet to the gar-
dener who would grow Roses this difficulty will soon
disappear, even like the major part of a poor soil that
encumbers a valued site. If, as you say, the soil of your
garden will not grow Roses, then the sooner the beds
and borders are taken in hand the better, for no gar-
dener should make this statement about one of the
hardiest of flowers, whose parent stock is to be found
in such profusion throughout the land. But, since
to grow Roses as we would have them grow, success
depends principally on the soil. It is needful to make
a very careful study of the land, and to secure the
best advice as to its improvement, not forgetting, at
the same time, advice also as to the selection of those
c
V
"H
&
J
* I
II
111
PLANS AND PLANTING SCHEMES. 223
varieties most suited to the soil and its surrounding.
Like human being's, flowers have their likes and dis-
likes, and if they are to do well these must be care-
fully studied.
But now to the consideration of the second, and
the more formidable reason why many of us do not
grow this beautiful flower, although we should like to
do so. We think that the hobby is far too expensive
a one, and we cannot afford it. How often I have
heard people make this remark ! People whom I have
known spend in an unsatisfactory way on their garden
enough money in one year to make them the possessors
of one of the finest Rose gardens in their neighbour-
hood. If we were to consider one of the smallest gar-
dens and one of the poorest of gardeners, yet it would
be well within his reach, provided he could spare the
ground. I have known cottagers start Rose-growing
from a mere nothing, a few briars obtained from the
hedgerows and some buds from a more fortunate
friend, and I have watched such men go from strength
to strength until they have been growing Roses that
would do credit to blooms grown by some of our expert
growers.
There is, however, we will trust, to the possessor
of a garden no need to exercise such thrift. Rose
trees are to-day so cheap that even the poorest can
obtain a few trees from any of our English nurseries at
very little cost ; or, should he so desire it, he can buy
briars cheaper still, and bud his own. Dealing,
however, with such a subject as " the economy of the
Rose garden," it is naturally necessary to show that
in an all-round way the cultivation of Roses can be
maintained as cheaply, if not cheaper, than that of
other flowers. This, I will assert, is certainly the
case, and especially so when it is reckoned (as, indeed,
it should be) as being part of the expense of any
garden. The greatest expense connected with rose-
growing is the initial outlay, and the cost of trees,
compared with herbaceous plants and the like, is gene-
rally a little more; but in the long run this is easily
224 PLANS AND PLANTING SCHEMES.
wiped out by the saving in time or labour, and is more
than compensated for by the length of life and the
quantity and quality of bloom produced. When once
your Rose garden is laid out and planted, the work
and expense is small ; beyond pruning-, manuring, and
hoeing and the usual small attention by which all
flowers benefit, there is little to touch the pocket for
a few years. Of course, frost and age will take their
toll ; but what is this to the man of small means com-
pared with flowers that need the yearly expense of a
greenhouse or frames to protect or propagate the same
in, together with all the labour and expense that such
involves? Even the most hardy and carefully selected
collection of herbaceous plants will require twice the
amount of attention as the Rose, if they are to be kept
within bounds, or to present the same tidy appearance,
and give, if possible, as good a decorative effect as the
Queen of Flowers.
Most of these from time to time require trans-
planting and thinning out, and far more work is en-
tailed to keep down weeds amongst herbaceous and
the usual bedding-out plants than on the plane surface
that exists with Rose borders. Of course, one can
always find work to be done in the garden, but it is far
more distressing to find work which must be done than
that which we can do at our leisure, and I would ven-
ture to express the 'humble opinion that the Rose
garden, above all gardens devoted to the culture of
any particular flower, will present the least amount of
such work.
As the Rose garden is planned and planted to last
for years, it ought to be remembered that to be a suc-
cess it is both worth while 'and and also necessary to
not only carefully prepare the soil, but also to select
those varieties which are most likely to do well.
There are many important considerations that
should present themselves to all who are willing to
make and plant Rose gardens. The observance of
certain rules will ever be found to be essential to en-
PLANS AND PLANTING SCHEMES 225
sure success, and their neglect will invariably lead to
failure. Although one of the easiest flowers in the
world to grow, yet the Rose thrives best when, accord-
ing to the variety, it is planted in the most suitable
aspect, and is cultivated in the most fertile of soils.
Let, then, the enthusiast study carefully all those points
that make for success before he decides definitely as to
the varieties he shall plant or the actual design his
Rose garden shall assume.
In planning a garden, the first consideration is not
so much the Roses you wish to grow as it is what
style of planting will best suit your house or its sur-
roundings. Not every garden will admit of pergolas,
or arches, or even pillars, although weeping standards,
standards, and dwarfs need seldom be absent. As a
rule, a corner can be found for almost every kind of
Rose, and most gardens are improved by a well-made
pergola or arch. But even when the grower has
planned his garden and decided as to the position of
beds, arches, pillars, and the like, there yet remains
the all-important point of suitable selection.
One variety will flourish where another will lhardly
exist, and, unless great thought and judgment are
used, years will be wasted before the mistakes are
fully realised. For instance, the yellow or the white
Banksian Rose seldom does well anywhere except on a
south wall, while W. A. Ridhardson, to retain its
colour, should not be exposed to too much sun. Again,
some sites are very hard to provide for, and there is
but small choice for the grower to select what he would
fancy. Having, then, your plan made out, and
having in making it given every care to the position of
arches, pillars, and the like, also in the making of beds
having exercised due care as to the simplicity in de-
sign to save labour in edging and mowing start to dig
and plant your garden.
In planting great attention should be paid to the
habit of the various varieties, the time of flowering,
height attained, etc. The tallest trees should ever be
226 PLANS AND PLANTING SCHEMES.
grown in the centre of a bed, or, in the case of a
border, under a hedge or wall — at the back. Thus an
outside border would be much as follows : — Working
towards the back from the front would come (i) dwarf
Polyantha; (2) Teas; (3) half-standards; (4) H.P.s
and H.T.s; (5) standards; (6) weeping standards and
pillars ; (7) hedge of climbers. Let the grower re-
member that the charm of a Rose garden is to be able
to gather Roses almost all the year round. As I write
this I remember in the middle of December, 1912,
seeing at Messrs. James Carter and Co.'s large
establishment at Raynes Park, a Rose garden still in
full leaf, and carrying hundreds of Roses. This is
what the grower should aim at — namely, Roses from
May till December — and if the season is mild they
can be had. Varieties can be selected that flower both
early and late, and that even bear more than two
crops.
If varieties are desired that only bloom once, then
care should be taken to plant such alternately with
those that flower twice, so that the Rose garden always
appears to be in full and equal bloom. Bare gaps
must be avoided, if" possible; we do not want to find
only here and there a bed of Roses ; we would rather
they were equally distributed.
Try and acquire, therefore, some knowledge as
to the exact time of flowering and height attained by
each tree.
Equal flowering propenstiy, arrangement of
colour, and equal habit of growth are very important
considerations that should never be overlooked.
In planting dwarf trees, keep the same from one-
and-a-half to two feet apart, and in Rose hedges made
of Chinas, Rugosas, and Austrians two-and-a-half feet
apart ; but in the case of Ayrshires, Sweet Briar
hybrids, and evergreens, plant four feet apart.
In the case of an outside edge, the three latter
kinds are undoubtedly the best, while for an inside
PLANS AND PLANTING SCHEMES. 227
hedge the three former may be used. Strong" and im-
penetrable hedges can easily be made by tying down
shoots, from which will spring- good, sturdy lateral
growths, and little pruning will be required beyond the
cutting out of dead wood and the keeping of all trees
tidy.
In the early spring there is to the Rose grower no
scent like that of the Sweet Briar, after a gentle rain
when the sun is warming the earth ; and I venture to
think that no Rose garden should be without it,
whether grown as a pillar or as a hedge.
It is not my intention here to discuss or weigh up
the merits of countless varieties ; I would but give a
few general outlines as to the formation of a Rose
garden.
Thus climbing Roses on walls sfiould 6e early,
like the yellow Banksia, Devoniensis, Gloire de Dijon,
and Mardchal Niel.
The outside hedge should be high — say seven feet
— in order to shelter as well as to give a good effect
to the garden.
Nearly every bed I would edge with dwarf Poly-
anthas, and set off all dwarf trees with either half-
standards or standards. Where arches and pergolas
are introduced, a colour scheme should be in pro-
minence, and care should be taken to blend not only
colours, but arrange varieties according to their time
of flowering.
228
A Rose Garden Planting Scheme
ALEX. DICKSON & SONS, LTD.
The founder of Alex. Dickson and Sons, Ltd., the
late Alexander Dickson, was born in 1802, and estab-
lished the business at Newtownards, Co. Down, in
1836.
Always an enthusiast in Hybridising1, he was re-
sponsible for the creation of a new race of Ericas
flowering" in early Summer by crossing1 the Spring1 and
autumn flowering1 varieties.
From this the late George Dickson, V.M.H., in-
terested himself in Florist flowers generally, and the
the firm were most successful raisers and exhibitors.
In 1850 they turned their attention largely to
Roses. The first result of their efforts in this field of
research was the Hybrid Perpetual, " Alexander Dick-
son," raised in 1865, a red variety much esteemed at
that period. In 1887 the firm introduced Earl of
Dufferin, Lady Helen Stewart, and Ethel Brownlow.
These proved a noteworthy trio, each gaining on
several occasions the coveted award of Medal for best
blooms in the Exhibition.
Each year since that date has seen a series of New
Roses from Newtownards, which have done much to
make the Rose so popular throughout the world.
Alex. Dickson, Ltd., are the original firm of " Dick-
sons," now known as the " Hawlmark Dicksons,"
and who are the proud winners of 58 Gold Medals of
the National Rose Society for New Roses (more than
any other Raiser in the British Isles), and the firm
who laid the basis of and have so largely contributed
to that continuous flowering type possessed of such
beautiful colouring now known as the popular Hybrid
Tea class.
The Show record of the Hawlmark Dicksons is
unsurpassed by any other firm.
A history such as this, is one to be proud of, it is
unequalled by any firm of Rose Growers of the present
day.
229
In the plan of a Rose Garden, as shown on page
231, the designer has aimed at simplicity in construc-
tion together with effect, easy maintenance, and its
suitability for most gardens.
The central feature is a pergola constructed of
Larch Poles, which will carry 16 Rambler Roses, pre-
ferably of the Widhuraiana class. These should be
planted in pairs opposite each other.
The pergola is broken in the centre by a bed of
Standard Roses. The pathway under the pergola and
round the centre bed should be of crazy paving. The
whole of the ground plan should be of grass.
On each side of the pergola are three beds, which
should be planted with the best varieties from the H.T.
Section ; this class gives a wide range to select from,
the most pleasing effect being obtained from a bed
containing one variety only. This, however, is op-
tional, and entirely a matter of individual taste.
The side beds are planted with Weeping Stan-
dards between small beds of Polyantha Roses, there
being five Weeping Standards on each side.
If it is possible to construct the garden on a lower
level than the surrounding ground, the effect ob-
tained from looking down on the Roses in bloom is
most delightful.
The question of a colour scheme now presents
itself; this, again, must be left to the taste of the indi-
vidual. The following scheme is, however, sug-
gested : —
Pergola. — Alberic Barbier, lemon; Excelsa,
scarlet; Dorothy Dennison, shell-pink; Mermaid, pale
yellow; American Pillar, carmine; Paul's Scarlet
Climber; White Dorothy; Dorothy Perkins, pink.
Bed Dividing Pergola. — Standards : One each of
Earl Haig, crimson ; Snow Queen ; Mme- E. Herriott,
coral; Caroline Testout, pink; Hugh Dickson, red;
Ophelia, pale pink; Ethel Somerset, rose; Golden
Emblem ; La Tosca, pink.
Beds on Each Side of Pergola. — Betty Uprichard,
copper-carmine, shaded to salmon-pink; Sunstar,
yellow and cerise edged (centre bed) ; Lady Maureen
230
Stewart, deep scarlet ; Rev. Page Roberts, yellow,
tinted buff; K. of K., bright scarlet; (centre bed), Mrs.
Henry Morse, rose-pink.
Outside Beds. — No. i : Excelsa (Weeping Stan-
dard) ; Evelyn Thornton, Crimson Poly. ; Alberic Bar-
bier, Standard ; Mme. N. Levavasseur, Crimson
Poly. ; White Dorothy, Standard ; Mrs. Cutbush, Pink
Poly.; Paul's Scarlet Climber, Standard; Eugenie
Lamesch, Orange Poly. ; Dorothy Dennison, Standard.
Bed No. 2.— Emily Gray, Standard; Leonie
Lamesch, coppery-red Poly. ; Dorothy Perkins, Stan-
dard ; Katherine Zeimet, White Poly. ; American
Pillar; Standard; Jessie, Cherry Poly.; Francois
Juranville ; Mme Levavasseur, Pink Poly. ; Mermaid.
In many gardens the owner desires quite a number
of varieties, and with careful selection as regards to
colour and habit of growth a most pleasing effect can
be obtained by planting several varieties in one bed.
In the list given here will be found varieties of
outstanding merit and in every way reliable.
Crimson and Scarlet. — General MacArthur, Red
Letter Day, Col. Oswald Fitzgerald, Covent Garden,
Charles K. Douglas.
Deep Pink Shades. — Ethel Somerset, Mme. Abel
Chatenay, Mrs. A. Glen Kidston, Caroline Testout,
Mrs. Bryce Allen.
Pale Pink Shades. — Lady Pirrie, Ophelia, Phari-
saer, Viscountess Folkestone, Isobel.
Coral and Copper Shades. — Mme. E. Herriot, Los
Angeles, Lamia, Irish Afterglow.
Yellow. — Mrs. Wemyss Quin, Christine, Lady
Hillingdon.
Apricot Shades. — Mrs. C. V. Haworth, Frances
Gaunt, Mme. Melainie Soupert, Irish Fireflame, Inde-
pendence Day.
White and Cream. — Mrs. Herbert Stevens, Mme.
Jules Boucb6, Edith Cavell, Molly Sharman Crawford,
Kootenay.
DICKSON'S
HAWLMARK
NEWTOWNARDS,
C9 Down.
THE
ROSE
Hf SPECIALISTS
by Royal
Appointment: l/s/s fae
What firm has contri
buted more to the
evolution of
The Modern Rose.
233
A Rose Garden Planting Scheme
BENJAMIN R. CANT AND SONS.
The old firm of " Cant, of Colchester," founded
in 1765, was, in early years, mainly devoted to general
nursery stock, seeds, etc., with a few of the old Roses
then in vogue, such as " China, Austrian Briars,
Damask, Provence, Bourbon," and others of the same
period. The firm has been carried on by the " Cant "
family in direct line ever since.
The late Benjamin R. Cant (father of the present
proprietors) became greatly interested in Roses about
the year 1850, and eventually gave up all other de-
partments of horticulture to devote his energies
entirely to the development of the Rose.
In the plan of a Rose garden, as shown on page 235,
the smaller middle circle is devoted to nine stan-
dard Roses. The centre plant of all, naturally,
should be slightly taller than the rest. Here it will be
as well to have nine different varieties and different
colours, and for reliable sorts one cannot be wrong in
selecting such as " Hugh Dickson, Caroline Testout,
Golden Emblem, La Tosca, Ulrich Brunner, Marie Van
Houtte, Snow Queen, Mme. Herriot, J. P. Clark."
These are all strong growers, forming fine heads, and
will soon make specimen plants.
In the two larger circles, divided into eight parts
by the pathways, the four right-angle beds nearest
the inner circle will hold 30 plants each put in two feet
apart, with a margin of one foot at the sides, and the
four outer beds 36 plants each, put in the same dis-
tance apart.
It is desirable that each bed should contain one
variety only, or two at the very most. This massing
of a sort gives by far the most pleasing effect.
Here is given a list in variety of colours, all of
which, in their way, are reliable and effective for
massing : —
234
Crimsons and Scarlet. — Charles K. Douglas,
Crimson Emblem, Covent Garden, Gen. McArthur,
Mrs. E. Powell.
Pink and Shaded Pink.—Mme. Abel Catenay,
Mme. Segond Weber, Mrs. Alfred Tate, Mrs. Geo.
Shawyer, Mrs. Henry Morse, Queen of Fragrance,
Mrs. E. G. Hill, Mrs. W. Christie-Miller.
Flesh and Pale Pink. — Ophelia, Prince de Bul-
garie, Pharisaer, Viscountess Folkestone, G. Nabon-
oand.
Coral-Reds. — Lyon Rose, Los Angeles, Lady
Alice Stanley, Mme. E, Harriot.
Yellow and Shaded Yellow. — Mme. Ravary,
Lady Hillingdon, Christine, Duchess of Wellington,
Golden Ophelia, Rev. F. Page-Roberts, Lady Pirrie,
Mme. Melanie Soupert.
White and Cream. — Edith Cavell, Molly Sharman
Crawford, Mrs. Herbert Stevens, Mme. Jules
Bouch6, Phoebe.
The 20 single plants indicated with the large circles
in conjunction with the right-hand beds of bush plants
should be Half Standards of the same variety and
of similar colouring to the Rose they are opposite.
The twelve plants commanding the pathways out-
side the circles should be tall weeping Standards of
such varieties as Alberic Barbier, American Pillar,
Dorothy Perkins, Excelsa, Francoise Juranville, Lady
Godiva, Mermaid, Scarlet Climber, Emily Gray, etc.,
and should be planted in pairs.
The two clumps of bushes enclosing the centre
circle may be planted with some of the more ram-
pant growers or some of the semi-climbing varieties,
such as " Effective, Gruss an Teplitz, Lady Water-
low, W. A. Richardson, Zephirine Drouhin " ; or,
if preferred, some of the old-fashioned Provence and
Damask Roses — " Maiden's Blush, Crimson Damask,
York and Lancaster, Rosa Mundi." These are
always delightful and deliciously fragrant.
Benjamin R. Cant & Sons,
The Old Rose Gardens,
. COLCHESTER. .
The finest Roses in the World - Direct from the
Original Firm.
— .' (ESTABLISHED /7tf5). .—
WINNERS OF
Che Champion Challenge CropDp of the
national Rose Society fifteen Cimes.
THE QUEEN'S CUP.— Presented by Her
late Majesty, Queen Victoria.
THE KING'S CUP.— Presented by
His Majesty, King George V-
Also numbers of other Cups, Medals, and First Prizes
at various shows throughout the Country.
The Most Successful Growers and Exhibitors
for the past Fifty Years.
Benjamin R. Cant & Sons' Catalogue and Guide
is the best Published — sent post free.
The Late Very Rev. S. Reynolds Hole (Dean of Rochester and Pint
Pre»ident of The National Rose Society) said : —
•• No Roses in the World can come up to those of
BENJAMIN R. CANT."
Benjamin R. Cant Ac Sons will be pleased to advise intending
purchasers the most suitable varieties of Roses for special positions for
Beds, Borders, Pergolas, Arches, Walls, &c. ; and if necessary
arrangements can be made for an expert to attend on the spot.
Roues shipped to all part» of (he World.
Telegrams: "Ben Cant, Colchester." Telephone: 226 Colchester
237
A Rose Garden Planting Scheme
HUGH DICKSON, LTD.
The business ol Messrs. Hugh Dickson, Ltd.,
founded by the father of the present proprietors well
over half-a-century ago, is situate at the base of the
hill which surrounds the progressive, if turbulent,.
City of Belfast.
Specialising in Roses from his earliest years, Mr.
Hugh Dickson, senior, soon made his expert know-
ledge felt, so that the Roses grown at his nurseries
are now known and grown in every country of the
world.
To the public generally the firm are specially
known for the number and quality of the many new
Roses of sterling merit which they have introduced.
They introduced that greatest of all red Roses, " Hugh
Dickson," sent out in 1904, including many of the
greatest garden Roses of the day.
A simple and effective planting for a Rose garden
is given in accompanying plan, which will be found
equally effective on the flat or with a slope either to
or from the house. The outstanding feature is a Per-
gola running from the boundaries of the garden to a
central bower, with raised conical dome in the form
of an octagon.
The eight supporting pillars, of which, planted
with the vigorous and hardy " American Pillar," with
its handsome, persistent, glossy foliage and large
trusses of single Rose-pink flowers, will make an effec-
tive centre piece.
The 32 columns supporting the four radiating
walks should be planted in pairs of a variety of the
choicest of the Wichuraiana Hybrids, which would
completely clothe the Pergola in a couple of years.
The Pergola practically divides the Rose garden into
four groups of eight beds each, with six standards
between the beds and a tall weeping standard in the
centre.
These beds, to give the best effect, should each
238
be planted with one variety only, the four corner beds
each requiring 30 plants and the four centre beds 12
each, making- altogether 16 beds of 30 plants in each
bed and 16 beds of 12 plants each.
For the 16 larger beds, taking each four separ-
ately, we recommend the following, viz. : —
No. i. — Hugh Dickson, La Tosca, Frau Karl
Druschki, and Caroline Testout.
No. 2. — 'Augustus Hartmann, Gorgeous, Chas.
K. Douglas, and Margaret Dickson Hamill.
No. 3. — Red Letter Day, Lady Pirrie, T. F.
Crozier, and Miss Cynthia Forde.
No. 4. — General MacArthur, Lady Greenall,
Mme Jules Bouch6 and K. of K.
For the 16 smaller beds in the centre in the same
order.
No. i. — Marjorie Bulkeley, Colonel Oswald Fit2-
Gerald, Mrs. S. K. Rudge and Almander Emslie.
No. 2. — Los Angeles, H. P. Pinkerton, Molly
Bligh, and Ophelia.
No. 3. — Mr. F. Dreer, Mrs. George Shawyer,
Golden Spray, and Countess Clanwilliam.
No. 4. — Blushing Bride, Lieutenant Chance,
Christine, and Mme. Abel Chatenay.
The walk immediately surrounding may be either
gravel or crazy paving at discretion, with grass verge
between it and outer border.
This outside border about 5 feet in width, planted
with groups of irregular outlines varying from 3 to 12
plants of a variety according to the vigour of each
variety of Dwarf Polyanthas, Chinas, Singles, and
Species, will give to the Rose garden a distinotive-
ness and variety frequently wanting. The background
or boundary of this border being planted with the
more vigorous of the Chinas, such as Fellemberg, the
Rugosas as Schunwerg, Ripens Alba, Mme Chas.
Worth, etc., and Species as Moyesu, Pomifera, Alricia
Pteracantha, Hugonis, Rosa Mundi, etc., each in
groups of three or four plants, not planted to make a
stiff outline or hedge effect, but to gradually merge in
the general garden surroundings.
DICKSONS'
Champion Irish Roses.
fl Have only the Best.
The Best are the Cheapest.
This is the age of Specialists — write to us for advice about
your Rose Garden. We have been Specialists in Rose
Culture for the past 60 years.
}\ose (gardens designed and ^planted.
Estimates and designs given for the
complete equipment and planting of
Rose Gardens of every size and type
also for the renovating and
remodelling of old gardens. ::
Hundreds of thousands of the hardiest
Roses grown in the cold north, are
available for Beds, Arches, Pergolas,
Climbing, Weeping and Grouping
in any and every position which a
Rose can adorn. :: :: ::
Catalogue on Application.
HUGH DICKSON, LTD.,
ROYAL NURSERIES, BELFAST.
241
A Rose Garden Planting Scheme
FRANK CANT & CO.
With Messrs. Frank Cant and Co. the utmost
importance is invariably attached to the individual
requirements of those who are in doubt upon any
point in connection with Rose growing, and no diffi-
culties are too comprehensive or too trivial to receive
valuable assistance in the form of a candid opinion.
The composition of the firm is entirely a family
concern, comprising Mr. Frank Cant and his two sons,
One of the perhaps most interesting departments
of the business is hybridisation or the creation of
novelties. Here again Messrs. Frank Cant and Co,
have excelled in a marked degree, and there are hun
dreds of magnificent seedlings, many of them still
unnamed, undergoing the most exacting t<^sts prior to
their distribution.
Two of their latest novelties are Yvonne and
Snowflake, both wichuraianas " par excellence,"
were awarded the gold medal of the National Rose
Society, with the additional coveted honour of the
Cory Cup, awarded for the best seedling climbing Rose
of the year.
Of those to come, Captain F. S. Harvey-Cant,
Mrs. F. S. Harvey-Cant, Mrs. Alfred West, Lady
Worthington Evans and Babs are perhaps the cream.
The packing methods, both for delivery of plants
at home and also for foreign shipments, have been
reduced to a fine art, and with such consummate suc-
cess that the loss of even one per cent, from transit
exposure is a very rare occurrence.
In co-operation with the Rose business this firm
possesses two farms, one at West Bergholt, compris-
ing 150 acres, and the other at Elmstead, with 400
acres, where the land is specially cultivated for the
growing of Rose trees.
If we study the drawn plan, and call the second on
the right No. i, reading round the centre of the plan
like a clock, we shall have eight beds with their stan-
dards to a colour scheme, the four colour beds with
24-2
their weeping standards will lend to the general effect,
and these beds, reading from the right-hand top
corner, we will number 9, 10, n and 12. The arbours
at each end we will call 13 and 14, and the Pergolas
1 6 and 17. The following planting scheme will give
an effect hard to excel.
Bed No. i. — Lady Hillingdon or Lady Roberts,
with standards or half-standards of either variety.
Bed No. 2, — Red Letter Day or K. of K., with
standards or half-standards of these varieties.
Bed No. 3. — Mme. Jules Bouche or Mrs. Herbert
Stevens, with standards or half-standards.
Bed No. 4. — Mme. A. Ohatenay or Caroline Test-
out, with standards or half-standards.
Bed No. 5. — Golden Emblem, with standards or
half-standards of this variety.
Bed No. 6. — C. V. HawortH or Augustus Hart-
mann, with standards or half-standards.
Bed No. 7. — Clarice Goodacre or Ophelia, with
standards or half-standards of these varieties.
Bed No. 8.-^Mrs. Alfred West or Mrs. B. J.
Walker, with standards of these varieties.
Bed No. 9. — Weeping Standard Gardenia in
centre, with dwarf golden Emblem or Perle d'Or.
Bed No. 10. — Weeping Standard Minnehaha in
centre, with Orleans as a dwarf.
Bed No. ii. — Weeping Standard Aviateur Blenot
or Leontine Gervais in centre, with dwarfs of Los
Angeles or PresidPnt Bouch6 or Perle d'Or.
Bed No. 12. — Weeping Standard ExceJsa in
centre, with dwarf Hugh Dickson or Jessie.
Bed No. 13. — 'Rose arbour of Excelsa or
Coronation
Bed No. 14. — Rose arbour of Snowffake or Alberic
Barbier.
Bed 1 6 & 17. — Pergola of Yvonne.
The surround of the Rose garden should be planted
with Austrian Yellow or Austrian Copper, mixed with
Blanc Double de Coubert to form a low hedge.
\ a i if' '•- y^ ' PF*7?7?" "3 (- ' ET'"'"^ P^5!^ • 6fea
l;;^^:j-r|i^^;«
•/I S^4 <^i N8^-1 J--i; f*m--£Ki •***••..-; ^'5
CANTS
CHAMPION
ROSES.
New Pedigree Seedling Roses —
SNOWFLAKE (Wichuraiana).
A lovely snow-white rambler, the individual flowers have the
appearance of miniature snowballs, it is free flowering ; the
trusses are large and graceful carried on long stems. Late
flowering and mildew proof. Awarded Gold Medal and Cory
Cup, N.E.S. 1921. PRICE 10/6.
Mrs. ALFRED WEST (H.T.)
A novelty of unsurpassed beauty, bright, shrimp pink, in the
bud stage the flowers are edged with deep coppery apricot,
intermixed with orange, whioh as the flowers expand gives
place to a soft clear salmon pink, large and pointed with deep
shell petals, carried on erect stems in great profusion.
PRICE 10/6.
YYONNE (Wichurt iana).
A worthy addition to this section, delightful glossy foliage,
mildew proof, neat, pretty buds, perfect shape. Colour, a
charming shade of pink with deeper pink centre and yellow.
base, late flowering. Awarded Gold Medal and Cory Cup.
N.R.S., 1920. PRICE 5/-.
Further detail, of above, and Catalogue from :-
"CD AlklV PAWT jR Pr» '^'e ^ra'sn'^c^
Dept., R.E.
Telephone 182. COLCHESTER,
245
44 Grumbles from New Rose
Raisers "
and how Roses are Raised.
The raising and testing of new Roses is an ex-
pensive process and entails careful, painstaking work
to bring results. The uncertainty of the work, and
the space and time required to prove out seedlings is
something that few people realise.
The raisers and distributors of new Roses are
entitled to more charity and less censure than they
receive, as it is practically a labour of love, and rarely
does a raiser make any money out of this end of his
business.
When varieties distributed in good faith prove
disappointing, the grower should take his share of the
medicine uncomplainingly, as the raiser has done before
him, of the loss of time, land, and square feet of glass.
These disappointments and losses are incident to the
onward progress and improvement of the Rose.
The firm of Samuel McGredy & Son, Portadown,
have for very many years been noted for their research
in Roses, and any person who grows Roses of any
description is almost certain to have some of their
creations in their collection.
The average person has little or no idea of the
time spent and the number of Roses that have to be
raised, grown, and tested before this firm finds one
variety which they consider fit to send out, or even
add to their general collection.
Cross fertilisation requires time and patience, and
is extremely uncertain of even first results. First of
all one must get the plants in bloom, and then wait
for pollen, or wait for the parent plant to be in a con-
dition to take the pollen, and in McGredy's, where
246
from three to four thousand different varieties, mostly
home-raised seedlings, are housed in one huge glass
structure, one will have some idea of the patience and
time that must be exercised waiting for certain crosses
If a cross takes and the seed sets, there are scores
of hazards before the hip ripens, almost a year after-
wards. Records are kept of every cross, .and charac-
teristics of any Roses as parents can be traced back
many years and improved upon.
As soon as seed ripens, conditions must be watched
for sowing, and a hundred perils assail the tiny seed-
lings, from mice to mildew, as they come up. Once
potted the little plants must be pushed on into larger
sizes before a character bloom can be seen and ma-
ture judgment made.
The next stage is outdoor; any plant showing
promise under glass is budded outside in the open and
the following year tested again. It still promising a
larger number are worked, and the following year
tested properly and the true value estimated as near
as possible. If considered worthy, and up to the
standard laid down by Messrs. McGredy the variety
is then shown and distributed, this adding another
period of from one to three years from time of cross-
ing. Thus it will be seen that the average time is
about five years from the time two varieties are crossed
until the general public sees them.
Messrs. McGredy 's testing fields are a wonderful
sight to any Rose lover. There is an average of a
hundred thousand new seedling plants tested yearly,
and the wonderful new colours and formations can be
seen and tested, against the acres of standard varieties
grown by them, and nothing pleases the firm better
than to " show off " their improvements to any person
interested. The huge strides in this direction can be
better appreciated when compared against the varieties
of ten to twenty years ago
After testing at home the Roses are then tested
247
in America to find out if they are suitable for the
American climate and for drastic forcing there.
The foregoing- gives those who enjoy the Queen
of Flowers some idea of how they are obtained, and
shows how Messrs. McGredy raise such wonderful
varieties as the Queen Alexandra Rose, Lord Lam-
bourne, Mabel Morse, Lord Charlemont, Diadem, Ad-
miration, Courtney Page, Golden Emblem, Una
Wallace, Princess Victoria, Christine, Mrs. Charles
Lamplough, Mrs. Redford, Mrs. Henry Morse, etc.,
etc.
Before a new Rose is distributed one of the
greatest difficulties the raiser has to face is its colour
description. Even with the aid of the colour chart,
whose colour is so minute as to depict of white alone
no fewer than sixty tones, new hues and colours are
always coming forth, such as in Lord Lambourne,
which are unnameable to the raisers' satisfaction.
Parliament should give patent rights to a raiser
of a new Rose or plant, and all growers should help
to secure such a law, for then the stimulus to raise
new Roses or plants would certainly result in attract-
ing many more intelligent hybridisers to this interest-
ing field, as there would then be some chance of being
repaid for the brains and labour involved.
The Rev. J. Jacob aptly misquoted Kipling in
" The Garden " in this manner :
" You know McGredy's Roses; but his Roses are not
made,
By saying ' Oh, how beautiful ! ' and sitting in the
shade."
By Appointment to^nj^OBJKjfn His Majesty the King.
ROSES
The most Modern and Up-to-date Collection in
the World, containing Roses both new and old
for every purpose.
INSPECTION INVITED.
Our NEW Roses are famous the World over.
ClK DallP IPail of 23rd September says :
McGREDY'S ARE THE LEADING RAISERS.
Descriptive New Rose List on Application.
SPECIAL QUOTATIONS FOR QUANTITIES. «
General Rose, Fruit Tree, Seed, Bulb and Shrub,
etc., Catalogues POST FREE on Application.
Please state, which Catalogue required.
Raisers of the World -Famed
GOLD MEDAL ROSES.
SAMUEL McGREDYA SON,
Royal Nurseries,
PORTADOWN. Ireland.
249
A Rose Garden Planting Scheme
CHAPLIN BROS.. LTD.
Messrs. Chaplin Bros.' nurseries are situated in
the north of Enfield and south of Waltham Cross, on
the main road to Cambridge, where Roses are grown
in large quantities of the newest and most up-to-date varie-
ties, and also all old varieties of any merit.
They have introduced many new varieties, some
of whch have become most popular, and specimens of
which may be seen at all the leading exhibitions, where
for many years Messrs. Chaplin Bros, have been suc-
cessful exhibitors and winners of prizes. Intending
purchasers, however, can do much better for them-
selves, and form a greater appreciation of the quality
and usefulness of their plants, by seeing them growing
in the open fields, where habit and character are noted
far better than on the exhibition bench. For that pur-
pose Messrs. Chaplin are always ready to show to all
visitors their Roses, and give any information at their
command in respect of the growing of the same.
As regards the varieties suitable for varied pur-
poses, growth and colour effect can be better seen
when trees are viewed growing by the hundred at
the nurseries.
Joyning's nurseries are only 12 miles from Lon-
don and a mile from Waltham Cross station, and
trams and 'buses pass the premises at all times of the
day, so that the Rose loving public can easily pay a
visit.
In conjunction with the nurseries they have a
farm situated on the Theobald Estate, where large
collections of plants are grown for Covent Garden and
retail trade. The best time for visiting the nursery and
farm is from the ist of July to the 3©th of September,
when they cordially invite inspection.
Messrs. Chaplin Bros, supplied the gardens at
Cairo with Roses during- Lord Kitchener's term of
office in Egypt; and with his permission, named one of
250
their seedlings after him. The Roses sent out gave
great satisfaction, and were madh admired, as all grew
very profusely, the climate of Egypt being very suit-
able. This was evinced by the number of repeat orders
that came from Lord Kitchener and his personal
friends.
A small planting scheme for the accompanying
plans may be best got out as follows : —
Top Plan. — For the bed on the right the. colour to
be selected should be yellow, with 12 trees of each
variety : -Mrs. Wemyss Quin, Christine, and Golden
Emblem. For the bed on the left the colour to be
selected should be red, with 12 trees of each variety :
Red Letter Day, Charles K. Douglas, K. of K. For
the top bed the colour to be selected should be deep
pink, with 12 trees of each variety, Mrs. Henry Morse,
Mrs. Henry Bowles, Lady Ashton. For the bottom
bed the colour to be selected should be light pink, with
12 trees of each variety, Edith Cavell, Ophelia, Mrs. -H.
Stevens.
The small beds in each triangle are planted with
Roses to blend in colour as follows : — Right-hand
bed, Isobel; left-hand bed, Innocence; top bed, Irish
Elegance; bottom bed, Waltham Flame. The stan-
dards should be planted in pairs of Ophelia, Hugh
Dickson, Snow Queen, Caroline Testout. The sur-
rounding hedge should be of box or yew.
Bottom Plan. — Reading from the top right-hand
side and round the plan clockwise, the large beds
should be planted in each case with three varieties :
No. i, Ophelia, Red Letter Day, G. Griinerwald, No. 2,
K. of K., Prince de Bulgarie, Isobel. No. 3, Waltham
Flame, Mme. Edouard Herriot. No. 4, Mrs. Henry
Bowles, C. K. Douglas, Hadley.
The standards would be Lady Ashton, Hugh Dick-
son, Charles K. Douglas , Ophelia, Caroline Testout,
Waltham Crimson.
In the centre we advise a weeping Rose or sundial,
and, as in the top plan, a box or yew hedge. Well-
laid turf with gravel paths and garden seats, complete
the two plans.
Gold
Medal
ROSES
— Some of Chaplin's Novelties.
Mrs. HENRY BOWLES (H.T.)
We have much pleasure in introducing this most
sterling novelty. Habit of growth is upright and
free, the blooms are of unusual substance and
and lasting quality, beautifully pointed and carried
on upright stems. Colour, warm rosy pink,
shaded with salmon orange and is quite distinct
from any other pink rose yet introduced, and we
are quite certain this Rose will find its way into
every Rose lover's garden. The finest novelty we
have yet introduced. Awarded Certificate of
Merit, N.R.8. Silver Medal City of London Show.
Plants from open ground 3s. each. Standards 6s.
Mrs. BESSIE CHAPLIN (H.T.)
An enormous flower of great substance, measuring
seven to nine inches across, the growth is strong
and upright, every stem bearing a large flower fit
for exhibition. We have this season cut nine large
flowers from a single plant. Colour bright pink,
shaded deeper towards the base. Awarded First
Prize for 12 blooms of any one variety at Croydon
Show, also Silver Medal, City of London Show.
Plants from open ground 3s. each. Standards 6s.
WALTHAM FLAME. (H.T.)
A very delightful Rose of unusual colour —a d;ep
terra-cotta shaded with bronzy orange. Very free
and perpetual and a good bedding variety.
Plants from open ground 2s, 6d.
WRITE FOR CATALOGUE.
QWe hold large stocks of up-to-date Varieties in dwarf and
standard trees at lowest market prices. Expert advice
given on Roses ar.d Fruit Trees. Write to —
CHAPLIN BROS., LTD.
Joynings Nursery, WALTHAM CROSS.
Telegram. : JOYNINGS. WALTHAM CROSS.
253
The Rose Gardens
OP
THE BURBAGE NURSERIES, LTD.
The most complete collection of Roses in the
world is " La Roseraie de 1'Hay," situated a few
miles out of Paris, where the late M. Jules Graver-
eaux, after a quarter of a century of devoted labour,
got together an almost complete collection of 7,500
varieties, which in 1914 covered about five acres of
ground. An interesting account of this collection was
published in the National Rose Society's Annual of
1914.
The Burbage collection of Roses is on a much
smaller scale, though in its own way it is unique. At
present it comprises about 2,500 varieties of old and
new Roses, and they are scientifically arranged and
systematically displayed in a series of Rose gardens,
i.— THE GARDEN OF WILD ROSES.
First, there is a garden of wild Roses a quarter
of an acre in extent, in which about 500 species and
natural hybrids from different parts of the world are
planted.
These are arranged in their natural sections,
groups, species and varieties, and at the same time
illustrate the geographical distribution of these forms
of the genus ROSA in the different countries and
continents. An interesting feature of this garden of
Wild Roses is the addition of each species-group of
representatives of the garden hybrids derived from
them. These are arranged in chronological order, so
that all the steps in the evolution of the modern
garden Rose from the wild species can be seen at
a glance.
2.— THE GARDEN OF ROSE " SPORTS."
The garden of Rose " Sports " also covers about
a quarter of an acre, and contains a fairly complete
collection of the recorded bud-variations or " Sports "
in the genus ROSA that are still in existence.
These " Sports " are grouped and planted side
by side with their bud-parents.
In addition to these are a large number of
254
" Sports " found at Burbage, which are being tested
as to their stability and variability.
In this garden there is also a collection of all the
existing Moss Roses, many of which are bud-sports of
the old Moss Rose or the old Cabbage Rose.
3.— THE GARDEN OF PEDIGREE ROSE STOCKS.
This covers an area of rather more than half an
acre, and contains a collection of individual bushes of
various species, varieties and hybrids, suitable for pro-
ducing Rose Stocks, either from seeds or cuttings.
Most of these have been selected from the pedi-
gree and pure line cultures carried out at Burbage on
Mendelian lines from 1908 to 1914, while others have
been collected from various parts of the Continent and
America.
The Stocks propagated from these bushes are
tested annually in the Rose nurseries.
4-— THE GARDEN OF PEDIGREE ROSES-
In this garden are planted out the hybrid and
seedling Roses that have been raised at Burbage.
Since the war this work has been rapidly extended,
and last summer (1921) about 5,000 Stocks were
budded with Burbage seedlings and hybrids, while
fruits representing more than 1,000 crosses were har-
vested both under glass and out of doors.
5.— THE GARDEN OF THE THOUSAND BEST
ROSES.
This garden covers about half an acre, and con-
tains one or more plants, each of the Thousand Best
Roses, together with one bed, each of about twenty
of the most popular varieties of the day. The method
of selection adopted is to plant all the novelties of
each year in this garden as soon as they can be ob-
tained from the raisers in all parts of the world.
These are grown on and tested for three years at
least, and those that make good are retained, while
the rest are taken away each year. The remainder
of the thousand are made up of the best of the older
varieties left from the annual culling.
This provides a useful test-garden for the new
255
Roses, and the annual catalogue is made up from the
Roses in this garden.
6.— THE ROSE NURSERIES.
The Rose Nurseries cover about twenty acres, of
which fifteen acres are devoted to dwarf Roses, two
acres to Standard Roses, and three acres to Pedigree
Rose stocks (cuttings and seedlings).
About 1,200 varieties are propagated annually by
budding the pedigree and selected stocks.
While the more popular Roses are grown by the
thousand, the distinctive feature at Burbage is the
propagation and production of rare old and new
Roses.
Since the war many of the old Roses have gone
out of cultivation, and such an old and worthy favour-
ite as the old pink Moss Rose is to-day difficult to
procure anywhere true to name.
At Burbage these old and rare varieties can still
be obtained, together with a large number of other
uncommon garden varieties, wild species and hybrids.
For upwards of a century Burbage Roses have
been noted for their sturdy vigour and hardiness, and
are fitted to thrive in any district after being reared
in High Leicestershire.
The Burbage Nurseries were founded in 1773 by
Benjamin Hurst, the great-great-grandfather of
Major C. C. Hurst, D.L., J.P., F.L.S., the present
chairman of the Burbage Nurseries, Ltd., who is
better known as one of the pioneers of Mendelism,
and whose scientific experiments and researches in
the genetics of plants, animals and man during the
last 25 years are recorded in the scientific journals
at home and abroad.
The managing director of the Burbage Nurseries,
Ltd., Mr. George Geary, F.R.H.S., has been con-
nected with the firm for nearly forty years, having
passed through all the stages of his profession, and
he is well known in Leicestershire and Warwickshire
as a horticultural judge and lecturer.
The three remaining directors of the firm are all
practical Rose growers with a wide experience.
Established 1773.
BURBAGE
ROSES . .
on Pedigree Stocks.
Two thousand Varieties grown.
Descriptive LIST of ONE
THOUSAND Varieties or
Abridged List of One Hundred
Popular Varieties Free.
For Artistic Designs of Rose
Gardens, apply Burbage Nur-
series.
The Burbage Nurseries, Ltd.,
(Managing Director - - G. GEARY. F.R.H.S.)
Near HINCLEY, LEICESTERSHIRE.
2.7
A Rose Garden Planting Scheme
HENRY MERRYWEATHER & SONS.
The firm of Henry Merryweather and Sons, Ltd.,
was established by the present managing director, Mr.
Henry Merryweather, in the year 1856, and from the
first the Rose at once fascinated the founder. In addi-
tion to this, he became acquainted with Dean Hole,
who at that time was Vicar of a parish about ten miles
distant from Southwell. They became great friends,
and both exhibited at the same shows for many years.
Mr. Henry Merryweather to-day relates many very
precious recollections of those days, including the first
Rose show at St. James' Hall, London, before the
National Rose Society was formed. His acquaintance
with Dean Hole, together with the fact that the soil
of Southwell and district was found to be ideal for the
cultivation of the Rose, developed in him his love for
the Queen of Flowers. The firm has always made a
special line of Rose cultivation, and to-day Southwell
Roses, like the British Empire, encircle the globe.
The accompanying plan is that of a Rose garden,
in geometrical design, which promises, of course, an
ideal setting for a sun-dial in the centre.
The border surrounding the dial should be of
dwarf Polyantha Roses, and we suggest either Ellen
Poulson, which is a cherry Rose in colour, or that
wonderful Rose, Rodhatte, which is rather brighter
and possesses larger flowers; both are constantly in
bloom. There are four arches which should have four
plants of one variety to each, and we suggest Excelsa,
Emily Gray, Dorothy Perkins or American Pillar, and
Alberic Barbier.
There are twenty-four standards ; the majority of
these should be made up of the best varieties for this
form, and we select twelve as follows : — Caroline Tes-
tout, General MacArthur, Frau Karl Druschki, George
Dickson, Gruss an Teplitz, Lyon, Madame Herriot,
Mrs. E. Powell, Richmond, Capt. Hayward, Hugh
Dickson, and Ulrich Brunner. Then we advise at
258
least six weeping standards, but this number could be
added to or done without, according to the wish of the
planter, as certainly they are not everybody's fancy;
but if they are desired the best varieties for the pur-
pose are Alberic Barbier, Dorothy Perkins, Emily
Gray, Excelsa, Goldfinch, Hiawatha, Paul Transon,
and Kene Andre.
For the beds our suggestion would be, that within
the semi-circular paths at each end, the four beds
should be devoted to one colour at each end. We
suggest at one end four beds of yellow Roses, and at
the other end four beds of red Roses ; the beds will
each take twenty-four plants, and we suggest for the
yellow section, Mrs. Wemyss Quin, Golden Emblem,
Christine, and the Duchess of Wellington or Margaret
D. Hamill. In the red section we suggest Chateau
de Clos Vougeot, W. C. Gaunt, Hugh Dickson, and
General MacArthur; the two latter are stronger
growers than the other two. If all of a size are re-
quired in place of the two latter, we suggest Richmond
and Red Letter Day.
The four triangular beds in the central section will
take about thirty or thirty-six plants ; here we suggest
that the colour scheme should be salmon pink, and
two trees we would suggest would be Henrietta and
two Los Angeles.
This will leave the four central beds, each of
which should have a border of the Munstear Dwarf
Lavender, and inside each bed pink Roses. It will take
about twenty-four to thirty Roses to each bed, and we
suggest as the four varieties, Caroline Testout, Lady
Alice Stanley, La Tosca, and Mrs. Henry Morse, or
perhaps some would prefer Madame Segond-Weber or
Mrs. W. C. Miller. There is such a wide selection of
pink Roses that the planting scheme can be varied
almost to any shade of pink the planter most fancies.
This completes a suggestion for our Rose garden
plan, except for the pillars at each corner, and here we
suggest two pink Roses and two red, in which case
nothing could be better than for pink Zephirine Drou-
hin, and for red Gruss an Teplitz.
Merryweather's Roses
ive a World-wide Reputal
ey defy competition. \V<
and j
ROSES
have a World-wide Reputation. Strong and sturdy always
they defy competition. We have Roses to suit all localities
and positions.
FOR THE GARDEN!
FOR EXHIBITIONS—
FOR B DS!
FOR EVERYWHERE!
We shall be glad of your inquiries.
DO YOU WANT
FRUIT TREES
FOR
ORCHARD PLANTING
GARDEN PLANTING
PLEASURE PROFIT
OR BOTH.
Don't fail to plant
BRAMLEY S
SEEDLING.
The most profitable
Apple grown, OR
The Damson of
the future,
"MERRYWEATHER."
Send for particulars of this
great acquisition.
FRUIT TREES OF ALL KINDS TO
SELECT FROM.
A Grand Stock of
ORNAMENTAL TREES,
HERBACEOUS PLANTS IN GREAT VARIETY.
Send for Catalogue, full of interesting information, post
free on application to
H. MERRYWEATHER & SONS,
SOUTHWELL. NOTTS. LTD-
261
A Rose Garden Planting Scheme
WILLIAM FERGUSON.
William Ferguson, of Dunfermline, who has been
associated with Rose growing for over 27 years, sends
Roses to all parts of the country, and also to Canada.
The nurseries are situated close to the town of Dun-
fermline, and the soil is well suited for Rose culture.
He is sending out this year (1922) for the first time a
new seedling Rose of his own raising, viz., " Souv de
R. B. Ferguson," which is of sterling merit. This is
one of a very fine collection of seedling Roses which
are now under cultivation in his nurseries, and which
will be sent out in the near future.
On page 263 is a plan of a Rose garden which,
if filled with Roses of first-class quality, consistent
with a good colour arrangement, should have a mag-
nificent effect during the flowering season and should
last in flower from June until October. As regards
planting arrangements, it would be better to keep one
distinct variety in each bed. Starting from the centre
there are four groups of beds and bowers, two beds
and one bower in each group surrounding the lily
pond ; two groups of beds, the one opposite the other,
could be kept all to one colour, viz., crimson selected
from such varieties as Red Letter Day, Lieut. Chaure,
Richmond, Gen. McArthur, Hugh Dickson, and
Liberty. The bowers in these two groups could be
Dorothy Perkins. The other two groups of beds could
be yellow, selected from such varieties as Mrs.
Wemyss Quin, Margaret D. Hamill, Madam Ravary,
Lady Hillingdon, Golden Emblem, Souv. de Claudius
Permet, and Harry Kirk. The bower or standard
here could be Excelsa. The groups of the three
triangular beds facing the crimson beds should be
light shades, selected from Ophelia, La Tosca, James
Ferguson, Clarice Goodacre, Pharisaer, Gorgeous, and
Lyon Rose. The opposite groups facing the yellow
beds could be pink and cerise shades, selected from
Caroline Testout, Mrs. R. G. S. Crawford, G. C.
Waud, Lady Pirrie, Souv. de George Beckwith, Mrs.
Henry Morse, Madam Abel Chatenay, and Laurente
Carle. The four three-cornered beds at either end of
plan could be filled with the following varieties — viz.,
Frau Karl Druschki, Juliet, Mme. Melaine Soupert,
and Donald McDonald.
The four weeping Standards placed between the
triangular beds could be Minnehaha, Dorothy Perkins,
Dorothy Dennison, and Lady Gay.
The forty-four Standards a selection of the best
hardy sorts, such as Caroline Testout, Gruss an
Teplitz, La Tosca, Gorgeous, Lyon Rose, Juliet, Mrs.
J. Laing, Frau Karl Druschki, Ophelia, George Dick-
son, Hugh Dickson, etc. If a number of one variety
is desired, balance them by keeping fhe same variety
on either side of the walk. These should all be as
near one height as possible.
The hedge here is important, and may be com-
posed of the best Ramblers — viz., American Pillar,
Excelsa, Hiawatha, Lady Gay, Paul Transon, Emily
Grey, and Alberic Barbier, etc. These would require
to be trained on a fence suited for the purpose, with a
tall portion every ten feet or so, in order to break the
formality.
Plant the bed Roses eighteen inches to two feet
apart, and the hedge Roses about two and a half feet
to three feet apart.
The crazy paving makes an ideal walk, which
should be kept to the same level as the lawn.
r r r
ROSES.
Hardy Scotch Grown Roses.
50,000 Plants to select from this season, 1922-23,
comprising many of the latest novelties. AH my
Roses are budded on the Briar stock and the plants
are of the best possible cjuality, being grown wide
apart and on soil which is second to none for pro-
ducing fibrous roots so essential for success when
removed to other localities.
NEW SEEDLING ROSE.
Souvenir de R. B. Ferguson
(HYBRID BRIAR)
A most distinct and attractive novelty. The colour
is very difficult to describe, viz., outside of buds
splashed cerise and rose pink on apricot, full flower,
back of petals rich apricot, front of petals shades
vary between shell pink, apricot, etc., sometimes
deeply shaded with rich rose pink and cerise with
deep orange yellow at base. rlhe full expanded
flower is sometimes attractive with a deep shading of
cerise in centre, growth is excellent, foliage deep
green, stems beautifully garnished with spines of a
deep red shade. A most continuous flowering variety,
large well formed flowers which resist the wet re-
markably, are produced without intermission, from
June, till late in October.
Awarded first class certificate. Royal Caledonian
Horticultural Society Show, Edinburgh, September
14th, 1921.
Certificate of Merit, N.R.S. Show, London, Sept.
22nd, 1921 ; will be distributed in June, 1922.
General Rose List published in October will be sent
Free on application.
WILLIAM FERGUSON
ROSE GROWER.
6, Chalmers St., Dunfermline.
SCOTLAND
265
A Rose Garden Planting Scheme
R. WALLACE & CO., LTD. TUNBRIDGE WELLS.
The really satisfactory Rose Garden is one in
which the utmost care and consideration has been given
to all the circumstances throughout its development.
The haphazard application of a geometrical design of
beds, planted indiscriminately with one's favourite
Roses, is not the way to achieve the greatest possible
success. First the design should be what it is, because
the site is what it is. In other words, the situation
should be allowed to suggest the right design, and
every position contains within itself the elements of
the design most suitable, to depart from which is lack
of harmony with the surroundings. Next, in planting,
the colour grouping should be considered with a view
to getting pleasing combinations in harmony or con-
trast. In planting such a garden as is illustrated on
page 267, a delightful effect can be obtained by planting
in the centre beds all the " sunset " tints, such as
Mme. Edouard Herriot, Rayon d'Or, Mrs. C. E. Pear-
son, Golden Emblem, Mrs. Wemyss Quin, Dudhess
of Wellington, and Lady Hillingdon. Surrounding
these in the next line of beds outwards the softly
tinted creams, pale yellows and delicate pinks, of which
the following are examples, Ophelia, Christine, Golden
Ophelia, La Tosca and Lady Ashtown, can be intro-
duced, and the strong colours, the crimsons and scar-
lets, such as General McArthur, George Dickson,
Hugh Dickson, Chateau de Clos Vougeot, Ed. Bohane,
Hawlmark Crimson, Hadley, Richmond and Liberty,
massed in the outer beds. This gives at once a colour
picture, framed in colour. The weakness of this
scheme lies in the fact that it leaves a number of very
desirable Roses unprovided for, and every garden
should have at least one border in which these can be
cultivated for their own personal attractions, and irre-
266
spective of colour grouping, which, however, need
never be unpleasing if a little care is exercised in the
arrangement.
Where the area is large enough it is advisable
to introduce attractions and interests that a garden
devoted exclusively to Roses does not provide. Some-
thing analogous to that beautiful conception of Tenny-
son's—
A garden of Roses
And lilies fair on a lawn."
In the design here presented (by Messrs. R. W. Wal-
lace & Co., Ltd., landscape and garden archi-
tects), the Rose garden is never without its in-
terests. The Roses have the central lawns to them-
selves. They are surrounded with broad borders for
Lilies, Iris, Paeonies, Delphiniums, and all sorts of
herbaceous plants and annuals ; also Tulips, Daffodils,
and, indeed, all the spring flowering bulbs. The cen-
tral Water Garden provides a varied note, and the
conception of this combination of massed colour, an
amplitude of restful green grass, the minimum of dry
walks, the splash of falling water, and the exquisite
reflections of reeds, rushes, and gently swaying water
lilies, achieve all that the most ardent garden lover
can desire. Each day brings its new interest, and
each hour of the day its new delight. In the still
morning light, colour. In the noonday heat, the cool-
ing splash of the fountains. In the evening shadows,
an air laden with fragrance.
That is the perfect garden in which every attribute
combines to please, and lull the senses to that repose
that only the good garden can provide.
's! 73
t §
•1 3
o
All who are interested in outdoor
gardening will find an hour or two
profitably spent in looking over the
Nurseries of Messrs.
R. Wallace & Co. Ltd.,
Che Old Gardens, Cunbrldge Wells.
The Rhododendron Walk in The Old Gaidens, Tunbridge Wells.
The Old Gardens, situated on the
high slope to the South of the Town,
are very picturesque and abound in
specimen trees, Rhododendrons,
Azaleas, Japanese Maples and
Conifers.
The Nursery is also famous for
Roses, Lilies, Herbaceous
Plants, Bulbs, and its unrivalled
collection of Irises.
269
A Rose Garden Planting Scheme
THE LAKELAND NURSERIES,
WINDERMERE.
The Lakeland Nurseries (originally the firm of
Mawson Brothers) is one of the few firms which in-
cludes really good class design along with the supply
of hardy-grown Roses, Trees, Shrubs, Herbaceous
Plants, Alpines, Hardy Ferns, Aquatics, etc.
The present managers of the firm have been
trained in garden designing and landscape construc-
tion by Thos. H. Mawson, the author of " The Art
and Craft of Garden Making," and the well-known
lecturer on landscape design at the Liverpool Univer-
sity ; and since taking over this firm have been re-
sponsible for many excellent garden schemes through-
out the country.
In our illustration we show a garden that has been
designed as a terminal feature centring on the house
across a lawn and terrace.
Broad semi-circular spreading steps lead from the
lawn to the Rose garden, which radiates from the
centre of these steps and leads to a central pool backed
by a pergola, through which a vista is obtained of a
grass glade, ending in a seat backed by a heavy block
of Yew in front of a plantation composed of Pines
and flowering trees. The garden itself is boardered by
a box hedge, which defines without enclosing too
heavily, and in which are recesses for figures on the
main axial lines of the garden. This hedge is backed
by plantations of flowering shrubs, including Ribes,
Philadelphus, Lilac and Viburnum, which will give
colour and scent before the Roses are in perfection,
together with Buddleia and Hydrangea to harmonise
and contrast with the Roses in summer and autumn.
Then shrubberies flank fhe glade leading towards
the seat, but here large breaks of Rugosa Roses and
Penzance Briars are introduced between clumps of
Berberis and Broom ; the whole fringed towards the
270
grass with Heathers. It should be noted that the
centre of the grass glade is to be kept mown, whilst
between this mown grass and the shrubbery is a band
of grass, to be scythed at intervals throughout the
summer, and in which bulbs of different sorts could
be naturalised.
The Rose garden itself is laid down in grass with
bands of self-faced paving to facilitate walking and
to pick out the design ; whilst paved walks are quaint
and convenient they can be overdone, and in a Rose
garden there is no more beautiful setting for the
flowers than well-kept grass.
The question of what Roses to plant is a vexed
one. The Rose is pre-eminently a flower of sentiment,
and amongst a dozen different people will be found a
great variety of favourites. Again, a Rose that is
admirable in one district and associates excellently
with one type of house and architecture, may not
flourish or be so much in keeping in another district.
For this reason, beyond suggesting the colours for the
different beds and the advisability of adhering to one
variety in each border, we would leave the actual
selection of the Roses to the owner.
In this case we have concentrated the strong
colour around the centre of the garden, that is, near
the steps, gradually grading to paler shades in the
distance. Beds i and 2, red; 3 and 4, 5 and 6, pjnk ;
7 and 8, salmon ; 9 and 10, gold and yellow, shading
to cream and white.
On the pergola and Rose arches a variety of
climbing Roses should be introduced, taking care to
select varieties that will afford a long flowering period.
Down each side of the glade are standards for
weeping Roses of the Wichuraiana type, trained over
umbrellas on stout stakes.
Standards, if well grown, are advisable at inter-
vals down long borders, but do not look well dotted
about indiscriminately or across the line of vision.
For bedding, massing of colour, China Roses and
the dwarf Polyantha must not be overlooked, as these
are of easy culture and offer a long period of bloom.
/
mown jrvss , heavy
yra jj fa be
scyt/ied ', in w/licf>
bulbs motJ 6e nofuro/-
A VIEW IN OUR WINDERMERE NURSERIES.
A successful garden can only be obtained by constructing
it on the lir.es of a well designed scheme.
This is achieved by the combination of the ideal and the
practical.
Ideals must be guided and taste directed to accord with the
site to be treated. Then knowledge of construction must be
introduced to make the scheme practical and ensure success.
We devote our whole experience to preparing schemes that
will not only be beautiful in themselves and a pleasure ta
watch in their development, but we also endeavour to incorpo-
rate the individuality of our client into the scheme, so that the
result may not merely be a garden tastefully laid out, yet
soulless, b'ut a pleasaunce in which the owner may walk and
find the expression of his own likings and wishes.
We have offices in London (for the convenience of our
South Country clients) and at Windermere, wh< re our plants
are grown hardily amongst the northern mountains.
We should be pleased to meet clients by appointment, ( and
will send catalogues on request,
THE LAKELAND NURSERIES,
Windermere.
TELEGRAMS :
•'Der-ei
Ten
44 Wi,
LONDON Office:
32 KING STRBET,
POHTSIAN SQ.. W.I.
TrLffHone :
1391 MAYFA,*
273
A Rose Garden Planting Scheme
JAMES CARTER & CO.
During thirty years of garden design and plan-
ning, Messrs. James Carter and Co., of Raynes Park,
S.W., have carried out many contracts for Rose gar-
dens over the whole of the United Kingdom and
France.
The accompanying plan is quite a simple and
pretty arrangement.
The general lay-out is that of a sunken garden,
bounded at the ends by a pergola, surrounding two
lily pools on the upper level, these being filled by
means of a fountain.
The paths are all of York stone paving, and
where these meet in the centre of the garden a posi-
tion is afforded for the introduction of a stone sundial.
The steps at each side of the lower pools and at
the entrance to the garden should be of the same stone
as the paths, but in whole slabs, to extend the full dis-
tance across.
A dry retaining wall will be necessary in front of
the surrounding border, and the height of this will, of
course, be decided by the depth to which it is desired
to sink the lower portion of garden.
Coming to the subject of planting, The general
idea here is to keep all the lower borders to the reds and
pinks, those surrounding the upper pools to the whites
and yellows, and the long border for mixed Roses of
the same tone of colour.
The pergola should be furnished with what is un-
doubtedly one of the best scarlet Roses in commerce,
" Paul's Scarlet Climber."
In four beds that form a square we should plant
what is perhaps the finest of all garden Roses,
" General McArthur." In an opposite set of four beds
we suggest " Hugh Dickson."
Into other four beds we would place that lovely
crimson-scarlet Rose, " Richmond," one of the most
showy and sweet-smelling among this colour; and the
274
remaining set of four beds we would fill with Mrs.
George Shawyer, a variety of value owing to the shape
of its Rose-pink flowers and its stiff stems. These
four varieties are proved bedding Roses, giving a
maximum display during the season — hence our choice.
The corner beds we should fill as follows : — The
bottom left-hand corner with that well-tried Rose, La
France, top left-hand corner with Red Letter Day,
bottom right-hand corner, Liberty, and top right-hand
corner, Killarney.
The standards should also tone with the colours
in the beds, but can be varied in depth of colour. For
the darkest beds top left-hand corner and bottom right
should have J. B. Clark, George Dickson, Avoca, or
National Emblem.
For the others we might use Caroline Testout,
Pharisaer, Mrs. John Laing, and Killarney.
We now have the beds on the upper level and the
border surrounding the garden.
The beds we should fill with the lighter varieties,
using only one variety in each bed. We might use
such varieties as Rayon d'Or, Le Progress, Leonie
Lamesch, Lady Hillingdon, Mme, Abel Chatenay,
Mme. Ravary and Lyon in these, with whites or
blush varieties between. Mrs. Herbert Stevens should
be planted for its exquisite purity, and, of course, Snow
Queen, also Hugh Dickson, Mrs. Foley Hobbs, and that
lovely Rose, Mrs. Elisha Hicks.
This list may be lengthened if wished, but the
border around gives ample scope for growing any
good garden Roses. Here we should suggest a mixing
of colours, but several plants of each variety should
be planted together. Amongst these we should select
Ophelia and Golden Ophelia, Mrs. David McKee,
Muriel Dickson, Sunburst, and some of the newer
varieties.
The use of Rosa Rugosa and its white variety
would be useful in making large beds near the outside
of the pergola, or even a bed of Sweet Briar is valuable
if only for its fragrance.
CARTERS TESTED SEEDS
A Gold Medal Collection of Vegetables grown from Carters Tested Seeds.
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o/ CHOICE VEGETABLES
& BEAUTIFUL FLOWERS
and get the best results from your garden.
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been awarded to the produce of Carters Tested Seeds in ali
parts of the world.
Assortments specially selected to suit all climates.
Price 5,- to 105/-
ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE POST FREE.
Seedsmen to H.M. the King.
RAYNFS PARK
LONDON, S.W.
277
A Rose Garden Planting Scheme
R. H. BATH, LTD.
The Nurseries of R. H. Bath, Ltd., have for
many years been famous the world over for the splen-
did strain of Empress Pansies, which is unrivalled for
the size, brilliance and great variety of colours which
it contains. The visit of two of the best-known raisers
of new Roses in America to the floral farms to see
the Roses, and who, on looking round the flowers
generally, saw the Empress Pansies in full flower, ex-
pressed their opinion that nothing equal to them was
to be found in either Europe or America.
The soil that grows Pansies to such perfection is
equally good for the cultivation of Roses. The land
has all been reclaimed from the Wash, and consists
of a rich alluvial loam of great depth. In this soil all
plants make very free root growth, and Roses in par-
ticular make a wonderful mass of fibrous root. It is
also a notable factor that, growing as they do in the
Easterly part of England fully exposed in the open
flat country, they are exceedingly hardy, and trans-
plant well to any district Visitors to the Nurseries
will always find during the spring and summer months
a wide range of flowers to interest them, and not
least the 100,000 to 150,000 Roses. Specimens of all
the Popular Climbing and Pillar Roses may be seen
properly trained and in full bloom.
The choice of Roses for filling the beds as per
plans shown may be varied considerably. If a definite
colour scheme is preferred, fewer varieties should be
used, and the beds in each of the four divisions of
the centre confined to one colour. Such schemes are
generally much more effective than planting a variety
of colours. The small inner beds nearest the centre
might be planted with dwarf poly poms, and the
outer beds with larger flowered varieties of the same
shade. As an example, Katherine Zeimet and Frau
278
Karl Druschki at the back; Jessie and General
McArthur; Canarienvogel and Golden Emblem; Perle
d'Or and Mrs. Wemyss Quin ; Aschenbrodel and
Caroline Testout ; Mrs. W. H. Cutbush and Mrs. Hy.
Morse ; Maman Turbat and Lady Ashtown ; Jessie and
Richmond, etc. ; but effective as these would be, a
more striking effect would doubtless be gained by
using four varieties only, one colour in each of the
four divisions, say, Augustus Hartmann or Mrs. E.
Powell, K. of K. or Red Letter Day facing each
other, with Lady Pirrie or Louise Breslau, and Lady
Hillingdon or Mrs. Wemyss Quin in the other two
divisions. In the outer circle either Standards, Half
Standards, Weeping Standards, or Climbers on
Pillars can be used according to the situation, and the
effect desired, choosing always those varieties the
colours of which blend or contrast well with the dwarfs
in the beds.
If it is desired, both gardens depicted by the two
plans can be surrounded by a hedge of yew or privet,
which would be cut to any height required, and at
each entrance could be fashioned an ornament in yew
or privet to break the circular sweep of hedge. The
paths are shown in the plan as of gravel, but crazy
paving could be used to advantage, in which case a
sundial in the centre is advised, or a lead or stone
figure. In both gardens the standards should be kept
of one height or worked alternately in two heights.
The colour scheme can be according to the wishes of
the grower, but the varieties mentioned will give good
effect.
BATH'S Select
ROSES
CANNOT BE SURPASSED.
100,000 good plant* in the best varieties. Grown on rich alluvial soil
near the East Coast. They ate hardy, full of fibrous root and
transplant well anywhere.
' " '*£
Complete Illustrated Catalogues, with Copious Cultural Directions,
post free on application.
All Goods are sent securely packed and carriage paid throughout
Great Britain.
R. H. BATH, Ltd,
The Floral Farms, WISBECH.
281
A Rose Garden Planting Scheme
GAZES.
It has been written that a genius is born and not
made. This may be applied to all walks of life. The
artist who paints, the sculptor who carves in stone,
the builder of bridges, are all to be classed as men
of genius. Equally so is the man who designs and
lays out a garden, provided he walks hand in hand
with Nature, and does as Nature's Creator has done
— providing everything in harmony. As is music with-
out harmony, so is a garden. The blending of colours,
or a colour scheme which synchronises, is always rest-
ful and pleasing.
It has always been our aim in the designing and
laying out of a garden, no matter how small or how
large, to insure that the result may be one that will
bring rest to those who walk within it.
That garden design and gardening is hereditary
there is no doubt ; for we know that for four genera-
tions past on both sides of our parentage our pre-
decessors have been closely associated with gardens
and garden design ; indeed, we suppose that we could
lay claim to even a longer lineage, for did hot our
first parents in the Garden of Eden till the soil?
In presenting the enclosed plan for the reader's
consideration, the scheme adopted is as follows : —
The garden is enclosed on two sides by Yew
hedges, which will be kept clipped into shape. At
each of the corners are planted bold clumps of Rosa
Rugosa, and at each end a pergola is erected, upon
which will climb such delightful Roses as the Ameri-
can Pillar Rose, Climbing Captain Christy, Caroline
Testout, Irish Elegance, Mrs. W. J. Grant, La France,
Blush Rambler, Lady Gay, Minnehaha, and inter-
mixed with these the Purple Clematis Jackmanii and
other varieties of mauve Clematis, in addition to which
282
may be introduced the pale blue varieties, and also
Wistaria Sinensis. At each end of this garden a
Lily pool will be found, and in these pools will be
planted Nymphae Marliacea Rosea, Nymphae W. B.
Shaw, Landekeria Lilacea, and also Nymphae Glad-
stonii; so that even in these pools the Lilac pink and
white may predominate.
In the centre of this garden should be placed a
sun-dial, surrounding which are four beds. These
would be planted with Caroline Testout and the ground
covered with Nepeta Mussini Down the centre walk
eighteen Standard Weeping Roses are placed, these
likewise would be of the pink varieties, such as Lady
Gay, Dorothy Perkins, American Pillar, etc. Leading
from the sun-dial to the side exits are four long beds,
which would be planted with Dwarf Killarney and
Ophelia. The other beds in the corners, six beds being
made in each corner, would be planted Lady Ashtown,
La Tosca, Madame A. Chatenay, Mrs. G. Shawyer,
Prince de Bulgarie, Mrs. Theo Rooseveldt, Mrs. W.
Christie Miller, Souvenir du President Carnot, Mrs. W.
J. Grant, George C- Waud, Magna Charta, Mrs. John
Laing, Mrs. R. G. Sharman Crawford. Between these
beds, as indicated, are planted Climbing or Pillar
Roses. These would be trained to poles of Larch
wood, care being taken to see that the spurs or
branches are left on the Larch poles.
Partly surrounding the Lily pools four beds are
made, and these would be planted with that delightful
old-fashioned Monthly Rose, the bed also to be
covered with Nepeta.
The paths of this garden consist of Random York
paving stone, in which would be planted Aubretia,
Dr. Mules, Pritchard's Ai and other varieties.
m
GARDENS^GAZES
We specialise in the Designing and Formation of
Old English, Dutch, Italian, Japanese and
American Rock, Wall and Water Gardens,
the building of Pergolas and Treillage, and we have every
facility for the carrying out of all classes of Estate Work and
Improvement.
We are the sole Makers of the " ALL WEATHER "
Hard Lawn Tennis Court, which permit of all the year
round play.
Send for Illustrated Booklet W.7.
Enquiries will receive prompt attention.
W. H. GAZE & SONS, Ltd,,
Head Office & Works :
19-23, High Street, Kingston-on-Thames,
London Office :
10, Conduit Street, Regent Street, W.I.
Njgffiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiimiiii!!
__________ -rr-
We Invite you to inspect our
Model Gardens d Nurseries:
"THE GAZEWAY,"
Portsmouth Road, SURBITON, London, S.W.
285
A Rose Garden Planting Scheme
A. D. THOMPSON, F.R.H.S.
When is a lake not a lake? The answer in this
instance is, " When it's a Rose garden," and it is due
to the courtesy of Major Sir F. H. W. Garden, Bart.,
of " Stargroves," near Newbury, Berks., that I am
able to reproduce the design of his well-known sunken
Rose garden.
It may interest many to learn that this was formed
actually in the bed of what was once artificial water.
The supply of water, for some reason or other,
was unavailable, and it was decided to call in an expert
adviser as to its treatment, and Mr. A. D. Thompson,
of 11, Adam Street, Adelphi, W.C.2, was called in.
It happened that upon the estate there was some
kennels which were not required, so it was decided to
demolish these and use the lovely old red bricks for the
walls of the sunken Rose garden which Mr. Thompson
advised his client to form.
The drawing is necessarily to a small scale, but
readers will notice there is a wall which is about 2\
feet on all sides, with four flights of steps leading into
same. What pleased the designer, was, these steps
have treads nearly 2 feet in width, and only 4^ inches
high, so that all walk up and down, as the case may
be, with the least possible exertion.
The centre path is raised about \\ feet above the
level of the Rose garden. There are two reasons for
this, viz., that a g-inch water-pipe is laid immediateJy
under the present York paving, and to lower this would
have been an expensive item, so that it was simply a
matter of building two small walls on either side, filling
in with soil and sand, and laying the paving over to
form the main path. Not only did this save probably
286
£ioo, but it enabled one to get a better view of the
Roses.
Each bed is of one variety of Rose selected for
colour effect. The narrow borders next the wall are
planted with two varieties of Polyantha Roses, each
plant 3 feet apart in a single row, pink on either side
and red at the two ends, with Cat Mint (Nepeta Mus-
sini) planted as a groundwork between and around the
same ; the effect must be seen to be fully realised.
The yew hedges are a picture of health, and care-
fully cut and trained peacocks are developing, and, as
the planting was only executed in 1913 or 1914, it is
really marvellous, considering the fact that the yews
were only 4 feet high when planted, what has been
achieved.
We would draw attention to the two small lily
pools on the terrace above the Rose garden. These
have a useful duty to perform, viz., they feed, by
means of a small pipe (with stop tap) the two small
dipping wells in the corner of a sunken garden, so
that there is a supply of tepid water for the gardeners
to use if required.
The whole scheme is set in delightful surround-
ings, and, although the treatment was drastic, the
result has been most excellent. Great credit is due to
Mr. J. G. Watts, the most capable head gardener, who
has been upon the estate many years, and what he does
not know about a Rose I fancy is not of any intrinsic
or cultural value.
Telephone 4501, GERRARD.
A. D. Thompson,
CONSULTING
HORTICULTURIST
& Forestry Expert, etc.,
REPORTS furnished and general advice upon
Gardens and Estates.
Inventor of the
NEW HARD
GREEN TENNIS COURT
as shown at Holland House, R.H.S.
Flower Show, July, 1921.
Particulars on Application.
11, Adam St, Adelphi,
LONDON, W.C.2.
A Rose Garden Planting Scheme
PAUL'S ROYAL NURSERIES,
Waltham Cross, Herts.
(WM. PAUL AND SON.)
" With the Rose the name of Paul is almost as
intimately associated as that of Stephenson with rail-
ways or Cobden with Free Trade." — The Field.
" The Roses of Mr. Paul are things to see once
and dream of for ever." — The Athenceum.
These nurseries were founded about 60 years ago
by the late Mr. William Paul, F.L.S., V.M.H., one of
the pioneers of Rose-growing as now practised, and
the author of The Rose Garden, a standard work on
Rose culture, which, first published in 1848, reached
its xoth edition during the author's lifetime, and was
translated into several European languages. In ad-
tion to The Rose Garden, Mr. Wm. Paul published
other works on Roses, and was a frequent contributor
to the horticultural Press on all matters pertaining to
Roses, whilst as a practical cultivator his successes as
a grower and exhibitor of Roses and a raiser of new
varieties procured for the nurseries a world-wide repu-
tation. At the death of Mr. Wm. Paul in 1905, the
business was converted into a private limited com-
pany, under the direction of his son and partner, Mr.
Arthur William Paul, who still retains the manage-
ment, and in whose hands the earlier successes of the
establishment have been well maintained. On the
raising of new varieties Mr. A. W. Paul has read
papers in public on various occasions, and he has also
lectured on the Literature of the Rose, his collection
of which in various languages is one of the most com-
plete in existence. Among the many new Roses that
have been raised at Waltham Cross in recent years
may be mentioned the ever-beautiful Ophelia, the bril-
290
liant Paul's Scarlet Climber, and the loveliest of all
single Roses suited to the English climate, Mermaid.
In passing, it may be mentioned that, although
Roses predominate, the nurseries at Waltham Cross
are a general horticultural establishment, large collec-
tions of fruit trees, hardy trees, climbing plants,
camellias, bulbs and seeds being maintained.
We turn now to the accompanying plans of Rose
gardens. Taking the upper plan first, the eight single
plants shown outside the boundary path may be speci-
mens of Weeping Roses, and the 16 single plants just
inside the boundary path may be standards of varieties
that form strong and vigorous heads. The 24 inner
beds may be planted with dwarf plants, one sort in
eadh bed, and choosing somewhat less vigorous-grow-
ing kinds for the eight smaller beds. The centre
point in the design might be a Pillar Rose or a Foun-
tain Rose, or some object of 'art, sudh as a sundial.
The eight smaller beds might be red and crimson, and
the 1 6 larger ones four shades of colour, say white and
flesh, pink, yellow, and copper, rose colour.
In the lower plan the 16 single plants may be
either standards or half-standards, and the 10 inner
beds dwarf plants, either one sort in a bed or mixed
colours, as may be preferred. A single half-standard
plant would look well in the centre of each of the two
square centre beds.
" Roses of every hue, so fresh and bright and numerous that
the mind pictures to itself the scenery of the Rose Gardens at
Waltham Cross in full summertide." — Morning Pott.
Pauls' Royal Nurseries,
Waltham Cross, Herts.
Tea minutes' walk from Waltham Cross Station (G.E.R.),
five minutes' walk from tramway terminus.
Win. PAUL & SON
respectfully invite attention to their magnificent stock of —
ROSES
in all forms, from the open ground and in pots, comprising
Standards, Half Standards, Dwarfs or Bushes, Weeping and
Fountain Roses. Climbers, Ramblers and Pillar Roses for
Landscape planting, and Roses for forcing and pot-culture
under glass.
Awarded upwards of 1,000 First Prizes, Silver Cups, and
Medals over the past 50 years, including Gold Medals at the
Chelsea and Holland House shows of the Royal Horticultural
Society, two Gold Medals at the Royal International Horti-
cultural Exhibition and Gold Medal at the Paris (Bagatelle)
Trials of New Roses.
NEW ROSES
f a Speciality and all the best new varieties of British,
Continental and American origin can be supplied in good
' plants. Many of the most beautiful roses have been raised at
. these nurseries, including —
Ophelia, Pauls' Scarlet Climber & Mermaid,
Priced catalogue post free on application. Inspection of stock
invited and all information cheerfully given by correspondence.
293
A Rose Garden Planting Scheme
S. SPOONER & SONS.
It was in 1820 that Mr. Stephen Spooner, grandfather
of the present proprietor, Mr, Henry Spooner founded
their business and the wonderful soil of Hounslow soon
persuaded him to specialise in Roses and fruit trees for
which the firm is now so justly famous. Expert knowledge
only comes with years of experience and it is an interesting
fact that men are to-day working with the firm who have
been with them for over 25 years and one up till quite
recently for 54 years.
The accompanying plan depicts a Rose Garden con-
structed on three levels, the pond and surrounding path of
crazy paving being the losvest level, Two or three steps
lead to the second level which consists of paths of crazy
paving and well turfed borders. The third level, which
is the ground level of the house, embraces a boundary
hedge, a path of crazy paving flanked by turf or flower
borders as desired ; over this path extends a pergola of
larch or oak.
Starting with the boundary hedge what could be better
than a collection of the Lord Penzance Sweet Briars, with
intervals of Rosa Rugosa These briars soon form a thick
hedge and their bloom and scent are a lasting attraction. In
addition to this they help to break the wind and thus
afford considerable shelter, io -«•-• ic^co
The next feature is the pergola with its 50 climbing
roses. The 28 outside rows of posts should be kept for
rampant growers such as the Wichuraiana class. These
should pair and face each other, 12 varieties the same each
side with 4 of one variety over the seat, whilst the 22
inside posts can be planted with climbing H.T.'s or T's.
The boundary on the second level should consist of
Polyantha Roses in variety arranged according to colour
and habit of growth with each opposite side of the garden
to match. The eight beds in the centre should contain
dwarf trees of H.P., H.T. and T. Roses. The 4 weeping
standards which are shown in the plan each situated
between two beds, must be of equal height and near as
possible of one colour, although if desired two colours can
be selected, when they should be planted cross-wise. The
294
12 standards can all be different in colour and variety but
it is better that they should be planted so as to pair in
colour if not in variety and if not all of one height, then
the pairs in the two groups should be taller or lower than
the outside pairs, thus eight will be of one height and
four of another.
The following varieties are suggested : — Sweet
Briars, any varieties. Rosa Rugosa, Rugosa Alba, Souv
de Ch Cochet, Roseraie de L'Hay, Calocarpa, Rose
Apples, Blanc double de Coubert, Delicata, Souv de
Pierre Leperdrieux.
Pergola.— (Outside Posts) Dorothy Perkins, White
Dorothy, Hiawatha, Veilchenblau, Rubin, Aglaia, Stella,
Minnehaha, White Wichuriana, Debutante, Alberic
Barbier, Excelsa. 4 Helene over seat.
Pergola.— (Inside Posts) Climbing La France, K.A.,
Victoria, Caroline Testout, Souv de la Malmaison. Caot.
Christy. Papa Gontier, E. V. Hermanos, Killarney, Gloire
de Dijon, Liberty, Devoniensis.
Polyantha Roses. — Katharine Zeimet, Madame
Norman Levavasseur, Leonie Lamesch, Yvonne Rabier,
Phyllis, The Pet, Jessie, Perle d'Or, Eugenie Lamesh.
Weepers. — Dorothy Perkins, White Dorothy, Helene,
Thalia.
Standards. — (Paired). La France, Hugh Dickson,
Augustine Guinoisseau, W. E. Lippiatt, Margaret Dickson.
Beds.— Each bed holds 18 trees and there is no
difficulty in securing a collection of 144 varieties in H.P.,
H.T., and T. roses to include all the favourites of the
grower and yet keep to a scheme. We will plant in pairs
and give a sample bed. Mrs. John Laing, H.P., Comte
deRaimbaud, H.P., Maman Cochet,T.; Madame Lambard,
T ; Caroline Testout, H.T ; Augustine Guinoisseau, H.T ;
Lady Hillingdon, T.; Souv de Pierre Netting, T. Countess
of Oxford, H.P ; Countess of Caledon, H.P ; Madame
Hoste, T ; Molly Sharman Crawford, T ; Killarney, H.T;
Monsieur Joseph Hill, H.T; Alexander Hill Gray, T;
Innocente "Pirola, T ; Frau Karl Druschki, H.P; Hugh
Dickson, H.P. It will be seen that by reversing the
order of planting the grower can have according to his
wishes a preponderence of either H.P's, H.T's or T's
but the selected order will give the best effect.
ROSES
of the FINEST Quality.
Art up to date Collection.
-*«•**-
Roses and Fruit Trees are our
Speciality.
Old and New Varieties can be
obtained in Quantity.
Special Terms for Large
Collections.
Descriptive Catalogue Free on
Application.
Inspection Invited.
S. SPOONER ® SONS
THE NURSERIES,
HOUNSLOW . ' . MIDDLESEX.
Letters and Telegrams — Spooner Nurseries, Houslow.
297
A Rose Garden Planting Scheme
MR. GEORGE BURCH
It was in 1887 that Mr. George Burch first staged
his own Roses for exhibition, and since that date he
has never looked back. For 33 years he has shown at
the National Rose Society's London Show, and has
been a most successful prize-winner. Awarded no
less than 1,550 prizes for Roses, including the gold
medal at the Franco-British Exhibition, London, 1908,
the highest award open to French and British growers.
Mr. Burch progressed until 1918, when he won the
Natonal Rose Society's Champion Challenge Trophy
for 48 Roses, distinct varieties. As a member of the
Council of the National Rose Society for 30 years, Mr.
George Burch has done much to promote the interests
of the Queen of Flowers in his nurseries at Peter-
borough. Most of the leading varieties are grown in
standards, dwarfs, climbers, and weeping standards.
Mr. George Burch is a great believer in the plant-
ing of Roses in masses of colour, one variety to each
bed, so as to form a colour scheme, and the following
plan shows two gardens to scale, each constructed to
give a wonderful effect in simple design.
The top garden shows a square lily pond in the
centre and four garden ornaments, one at each corner,
with gravel paths and beds set in turf. A circular
hedge of Sweet Briars sets off each corner, and if pink
Roses are desired, Amy Robsart, Catherine Seyton,
Edith Bellenden, and Julia Mannering should be
selected ; if red, then Anne of Geerstein, Jeannie Deans,
Lucy Bertram, and Meg Merrilies may be chosen. All
standards to this plan should be of one height, and the
outside rows should be all red or all pink, the opposite
colour to that of the Sweet Briar selected ; the second
row should be white or light pink, the opposite colour
to that selected for the outside rows. The stan J.irds
298
should be planted two of a variety facing each other,
and, as far as possible, selection of suitable varieties
should rest with the nursery.
Of the 1 6 beds for dwarf trees set in the turf, the
outer or larger beds should be red and pink alter-
natively, and the inner beds yellow and white. Red :
Hugh Dickson, Avoca, Augustus Hartman, General
McArthur. Pinks : Madam Abel Chatenay, Ophelia,
Dean Hole, Caroline .Testout. Yellow : Madame
Ravary, Lady Hillingdon, Lady Pirrie, Gorgeous.
White : Frau Karl Druschki, Mrs. Herbert Stevens,
British Queen, Molly Sharman Crawford.
The lower garden plan shows gravel and paved
paths, with Rose beds and standards set in turf, a sun-
dial in the centre, a boundary hedge of Roses, and at
each corner a planting of some kind.
Let each corner planting be of Sweet Briars, Paul's
Scarlet Climber and Mermaid alternately. Four out-
side large beds could be of red Roses, and the eight
inside beds of dark pink, while the eight standards
would be of light pink or white. Red Roses : General
McArthur, H. P. Pinkerton, Red Letter Day, Ed-
ward Mawley. Covent Garden, Richmond, Hugh Dick-
son, General Jacquiminot. Dark Pink Roses : William
Shean, Killarney, Mrs. W. J. Grant, Lady Ashtown,
Mrs. Henry Morse, Mrs. George Shawyer,
Caroline Testout, and Mme. Abel Chatenay. These
being hard to match in height and shade of pink, selec-
tion should be left to the nursery; but the varieties
selected should be as light as Mrs. Amy Hammond.
An alternative scheme for the planting- of this plan
would be to make all the standards, half-standards, and
plant out the beds with dwarf Polyantha Roses, of
which no less than 22 varieties are listed in Mr.
Burch's catalogue. In this case shades of pink should
be chosen for the centre beds, and white and red for
the outside.
floated
Awarded 1.550 Prizes for Roses, and Gold and Silver
Medals, and Gold Medal Franco-British Exhibition,
London, 1908 — The Highest Awarded open to French
and British Growers.
Winners of the National Rose Society's CHAMPION
CHALLENGE TROPHY for 48 Roses, Distinct
Varieties, London, July 4th, 1918.
Awarded SILVER CHALLENGE CUP for 36
Roses, at Harrow, July, 1921.
Awarded SILVER CHALLENGE CUP for 24
- Roses, at Dulwich, July, 1921.
Standard, Dwarf and Climbing
Roses in all the leading varieties.
CATALOGUE ON APPLICATION.
GEORGE BURCH,
(Late G. & W. H. BURCH).
The Rose Gardens,
PETERBOROUGH.
301
A Rose Garden Planting Scheme
BEES, LTD.
Bees, Ltd., have from the very beginning centred
the whole of their policy and energy in catering for the
wants of the amateur gardener. As to whether they
have been successful or not may be gauged from the
fact that they are now the largest growers of Roses in
the world. On their 4Oo-acre Rose and plant farm in
North Wales, even in pre-war days, it was no un-
common sight to see from 800,000 to 1,000,000 Roses
in various stages of development. It, therefore, goes
without saying that their policy has earned the recog-
nition of the discriminating grower.
Bees, Ltd., are not only growers, they are raisers.
During the past two years they have put on the market
12 new seedling Hybrid Tea Roses, six of whidh have
received awards from the National Rose Society.
Special attention is drawn to the fact that all Bees'
New Roses are Hybrid Seedlings, obtained by cross-
ing two varieties, and are, therefore, fixed. Unlike
some of the yellow forms of Mme. Ed. Herriot, which
are " sports," they do not revert or go back to the
parent form.
Other interesting features of the way Bees, Ltd.,
cater for the amateur Rose grower are the Special
Collections of Roses based on the National Rose
Society's Selections, and the unique natural photo-
colour pictures which are reproduced in their cata-
logues, which are described by many people as works
of art.
With the object of making this book as useful as
possible, the Editor has secured from Messrs. Bees
two planting schemes for two small Rose gardens as
per plan on opposite page.
For the Upper Plan.
The surrounding hedge might be of Penzance
Briars ; Meg Merrilies, crimson, and Lady Penzance,
coppery-yellow, are two of the best. Rosa Rugosa is
302
attractive in Autumn, with its tomato-like fruits ; but a
better Summer effect can be had by using Wichu-
raiana hybrids on a rough rail fence. For this purpose
there is nothing more lovely than the shell-pink Doro-
thy Dennison. If a stronger colour is preferred, try
Excel sa.
For the four large beds, choice might be made
from the following : — .Set A : Genl. McArthur crim-
son ; Ophelia, pink ; Parisaer, rosy-white ; Lady Ash-
town, rose du barri. Set B : Mme. Ed. Herript,
prawn-red; Mme. Ravary, yellow; Independence Day,
orange; Lady Hillingdon, apricot. Set C: Mrs. A.
Carnegie, white ; La Tosca, silvery pink ; Ulrich
Brunner, cherry-red ; Caroline Testout, rose-pink.
Weeping or Standard Roses of contrasting or
harmonious colour may be selected from : — Betty, cop-
pery-rose; Hugh Dickson, crimson; Mme. A.
Chatenay, salmon^ British Queen, white; 'Marg. D.
Hamill, yellow ; Mme. Ed. Herriot, prawn-red.
If arches are placed over the pathways, the follow-
ing climbers are recommended : — Dorothy Perkins,
pink; Paul Transon, salmon-pink; White Dorothy
Perkins ; Aviateur Bleriot, yellow ; Hiawatha, crim-
son and white; American Pillar, deep pink.
For the Lower Plan.
For the surrounding hedge, follow the recom-
mendations given above, allowing the Ramblers to
climb over rough lattice-work to form arbours over the
seats. The Roses over the arbours might be deep
pink and the hedge of pale shell-pink.
For the beds, select from the following : — Set D,
centre bed : Frau K. Druschki, white. Corner beds :
Mme. A. Chatenay, salmon ; Hugh Dickson, crimson ;
Gus. Gunnerwald, carmine ; Richmond, scarlet. Set
E, centre bed : Independence Day, orange. Corner
beds : Mme. Ed. Herriot, prawn-red ; Mme. M. Sou-
pert, yellow; Lady Ashtown, rose du barri; Mme.
Ravary, orange-yellow.
The outer four standards might be weepers. The
inner four should be full standards of the same variety
as in the centre bed, or of some contrasting colour.
Bees'
Guarantested
Roses
are hardily grown in
North Wales.
During the whole of their growth they are exposed
to the bitter gales which sweep across from the
; Atlantic.
; Every inch of growth is contested for.
I The result — above ground — is a vigorous stocky
plant which it is a joy to see. Below ground, the
: roots form a mat of fibre, which ensures success no
: matter where the trees are planted.
i In short, these hardily grown trees — when trans-
planted to milder quarters — grow with magical
luxuriance.
It is because of the prodigious success which attends
the planting of Bees' Guarantested Eoses that the
firm is able to guarantee satisfaction or to refund
the money paid.
Photo-colour Illus-
trated Catalogues
offering the National
Rose Society's selec-
tions at special rates
can be had freely
on request.
and CHESTER
LIVERPOOL
305
A Rose Garden Planting Scheme
THE KING'S ACRE NURSERIES, LTD.
The Nurseries of England, in more senses than
one, have been the sources of supply for the soundest
stocks over all parts of the civilised world, and in the
realms of horticulture few establishments have a finer
past record or better prospect than these nurseries,
established so far back as 1785, and transferred to the
present proprietors in 1899.
In addition to the cultures on an area of upwards
of 140 acres of the best fruit-growing" land in Here--
fordshire there is, further, a department in High
Town, Hereford, specially to deal with orders for
seeds, plants, cut flowers, floral devices, horticultural
sundries and fertilisers.
Upwards of 60 acres alone are devoted to fruit
trees in all forms of training, whilst Roses, trees,
shrubs, forest trees, and Alpine and Herbaceous
plants are grown in large quantities, and it is no
exaggeration to say that these products are sent to
almost all parts of the habitable globe.
Up-to-date methods are adopted throughout, and,
as a natural result of care in building up the character
of the soil, the company achieved the proud distinc-
tion of raising the largest apple known in the history
of fruit culture, and some very remarkable models
have been presented to the Hereford Museum. The
latest triumph of the company was at the recent Im-
perial Fruit Show, held at the Crystal Palace, where
grown upon the fruit trees supplied by King's Acre,
W. A. Whiff en, Esq., of Hownhall, Ross-on-Wye, ex-
hibited the 20 boxes of fruit for which he was awarded
the premier prize for the finest dessert apples grown
in the British Empire.
The grounds are plotted out in half-acres, so that
when planting fruit trees and other stocks the firm
306
know exactly how many acres 300,000 or 500,000
stocks will require.
Having1 a highly qualified staff, the company are
prepared to undertake the formation and renovation
of plantations and gardens to any extent, and are
pleased to submit plans, specifications and estimates.
For the two small Rose gardens in the plan on
page 307, a very simple scheme is recommended. The
top plan is well suited for a large courtyard of an
old house or for an old-world garden. A mixed col-
lection of dwarf trees would look best here, and in
the centre of each corner bed a standard or half-stan-
dard should be planted, the four trees being of one
height. A sundial should be in the centre of the paved
walks.
The lower plan, also of simple design and easy
construction, is of a garden with beds cut out of the
turf and surrounded by a gravel path. At each corner
is a tall weeping Rose, and in this case in the centre
should be a pillar Rose; but if standards are placed
at the corner then a suitable garden ornament should
occupy the position in the centre.
A good selection from the Hybrid Tea class of
Roses to flower early and late in the year is advised,
and varieties such as Caroline Testout, La France,
La Tosca, Lady Pirrie, Lady Ashtown, Killarney,
Hugh Dickson, Los Angeles, or the like, will give a
most pleasing effect. The weeping Roses could be
Excelsa, Hiawatha, Lady Gay, White Dorothy, or
any variety that makes good trailing growth.
SCALE
KING'S ACRE
FOR
Plants of Royal Worth.
AWARDED 74 MEDALS
during: Seasons 1909-1919.
FEUIT TEEES.
Every variety in all forms of training fibrously rooted and
prolific bearers.
"EOSES. -F*
Standards, Dwarfs and Climbers, of all leading varieties,
from open ground and in pots.
FOEEST & OENAMENTAL TEEES.
Strong, clean grown, regularly transplanted, and well-
rooted.
LANDSCAPE GARDENING.
Expert advice, plans and estimates, upon application.
ALINE & HERBACEOUS PLANTS.
Including all the best and newest varieties.
VINES, FIGS, & OECHAED HOUSE
TEEES.
Of all the choicest kinds.
SEEDS. BJuBS, AND HORTICULTURAL SUNDRIES.
INSPECTION INVITED.
General and descriptive ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE
free on Application.
KING'S ACRE
Nurseries, Ltd., Hereford,
Estd. 1788. Late "CRANSTONS1
NURSERIES 160 ACRES IN EXTENT.
A Rose Garden Planting Scheme
D. PRIOR & SON, LTD.
The numerous successes gained by Messrs. D.
Prior and Son, Ltd., whose nurseries are in the
famous Colchester district, have sufficed to make
them one of the best-known firms of Rose growers in
the country.
The business was founded in 1870 by the late, Mr.
David Prior. The beginnings were on quite a moder-
ate scale, comprising about three and a-half acres o/
freehold land, on which he erected several green-
houses. By the end of 1880 this area was increased
by the addition of another four acres; and eleven
more were incorporated in 1894, together with twelve
acres of glebe land which was hired, this bringing up
the total to over thirty acres. Even this did not avail
for long, and in 1904 fifty acres were acquired at
Great Horkesley, about three miles from the head-
quarters. Here are grown most of the Roses, the
soil being similar to that at Colchester, and particu-
larly suited for the cultivation of Roses, while its
exposed position ensures their complete hardiness.
The late Mr. William D. Prior came into the
business in 1875, and for many years was in partner-
ship with his father. He was on the council of the
National Rose Society for nearly twenty years, and
<dso acted as judge at their exhibitions and at the
leading Rose shows throughout England and Scot-
land for that period. In 1921 the concern was turned
into a private company, with Mrs. A. Prior and
Messrs. W. and A. F. Prior as directors.
The number of awards, so far, is over two thou-
sand five hundred, and includes challenge cups, gold
and silver medals, the National Rose Society's Chal-
lenge Trophy for seventy-two distinct blooms (this
was in 1908, after being runners-up for five years in
succession and 1919 and 1920), and many other prizes.
During the exhibiting seasons of 1919-1920 they
won 24 out of 28 cups and trophies, including the
310
Champion Trophy, twice in succession. The King's
Cup and the N.R.S. Jubilee Trophy, 17 silver medals
for premier blooms, and 100 first prizes.
In the garden plan submitted, the principal fea-
tures are the pergx>la extending- right round the gar-
den, and the hedge of Roses within, likewise in its-
turn encompassing a well ordered design of beds and
standards. The garden is planned on two levels, the
outer path is of gravel, the inner paths are of York
stone paving. Six sets of three steps lead from the
gravel path to the lower level, and backing the Rose
hedge is a low stone wall. All the beds are set in
turf, and a pair of stone vases are allowed for, one in
each square. For the pergola Hybrids of Rosa
Wichuraiana s'hould be grown, not only for their great
beauty, freedom of growth, glossy foliage and hardy
nature, but because they are almost evergreen. In
the firm's catalogue of Roses will be found listed over
thirty varieties from which selection can be made, 19
in pairs planted vis h vis at the sides and 8 ditto at
the ends.
For the Rose hedge Dwarf Polyantha Roses
should be grown, and here again thirty varieties are
listed in the firm's catalogue from which selection can
be made. It would be wisest, however, to keep to a
colour scheme, and select one good red for the two
ends and a pink for the centre of each side, with a
good white variety at each end of the pink border.
There are 48 standard trees, and these should be
planted in two heights, mixed varieties being selected.
In the centre squares the four tallest standards should
be in the middle and the shorter standards between
the beds. The four beds within each square should
be planted to colour, those running from the top to
the bottom of the plan . could be red Roses and the
other two in each square could be of white Roses.
The triangular beds at each corner should be of pink
Roses of one variety. In the six beds pointing in-
wards to the centre of the plan, the middle bed of
each three should be of yellow Roses, and the two
outside beds of each three should be of red varieties.
PRIORS' World-Jamed
Roses and Fruit Trees
New Seedling Roses for distribution
in Autumn, 1922.
Alice Amos ... ... Polyantha
Ceres Hybrid Tea
Charming ... ... „ „
Diana ... ... ••• Polyantha
General Smuts Hybrid Tea
Gooiland ... ... ,, „
Henriette Tersteeg ... „ ,,
Ideal Polyantha
Jan Steen ... ... Hybrid Tea
Ma Fiancee ... ••• ,, „
Descriptive List of the above Neic Varieties and
General Catalogue post free on application.
TREES SHIPPED TO ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD
- D. PRIOR & SON, Ltd., —
Rose and Fruit Tree Specialists,
COLCHESTER.
Telephone No — • Telegrams —
29 1 Colchester " Prior, 29 1 , Colchester."
313
A Rose Garden Planting Scheme
W. SEABROOK & SONS, LTD.
Of the many famous nurseries in this country,
that of Messrs. W. Seabrook and Sons, Ltd., have
well earned the reputation of being" one of the leading
nurseries for fruit trees and Roses.
Established in 1887, Messrs. W. Seabrook and
Sons soon pushed their way to the front, until to-day
they are one of, if not the largest, producers of fruit
trees in the United Kingdom. Their nurseries and
plantations, which exceed over 200 acres, are situated
near the East Coast, and the land, which is some of
the dryest in the country, grows trees of sound con-
stitution and well matured, if possessing smaller
wood, than trees sent out from richer soils and moister
climates. This is an advantage if only the public
would look for value beyond bulk and size. Stocks
selected and proved by Messrs. Seabrook thirty years
ago are to-day recognised as the best, and as being-
suited to most soils and situations.
Their Fruit and Rose Catalogue is a most valu-
able publication to all gardeners, especially fruit
growers. A visit to their nurseries at Chelmsford is
always welcomed during the summer, and the best
time to see their Roses is the last week in June, and
for fruits July, August and September. Later, visitors
are only seen by appointment, as every employee is
working at the highest possible pressure on the lifting
of trees and despatching of orders. Mr. Seabrook is
a great believer in the introducing of fruit trees into
the flower garden, not only by reason of their great
floral beauty and effect, but also by reason of the
autumnal glory of their foliage and fruit. Roses and
fruit trees have ever gone together, and the same
rules for good cultivation are as suitable to the fruit
tree as to the Rose.
In the accompanying ground plan on page 315, a
314
Rose garden is depicted cut out of the turf and divided
up by gravel paths. The beds, of which there are
12, unless a colour scheme is desired, should all be
planted to mixed varieties of Roses. At the corner of
each Rose bed in the two squares a standard Rose
tree is shown ; these should all be of one height, but
any strong-growing- variety can be selected. In the
centre of each square should be planted a fruit tree,
either a pear, dherry or an apple, but care should be
taken to match two trees, and in any case they should
be of the same kind of fruit. The outside trees should
be fruit, these should be matched in height and habit
of growth. The four trees facing the middle of the
g-arden could be cherries, those at the ends of the
garden, pears, and the remaining eight at the sides
could be apples. If plum trees are desired, four more
trees could be added to the garden with advantage,
and in this case let them be plum trees planted one at
each outside corner of the garden. In making selec-
tion so much will depend upon height and the match-
ing of suitable trees that names of varieties are
omitted. The Roses should all be varieties that bloom
well in the autumn, for at that season of the year the
garden will have a great attraction and prove to be a
constant source of interest.
The fruit trees should be either standards or
pyramids, and every care should be taken as to their
shape and general appearance, for if this is not at-
tended to, the garden which is of formal design would
soon appear out of proportion and even out of place.
If the grower of the Queen of Flowers objects to
fruit trees, then weeping standards, or tall standards
should take the place of the outside trees, and half-
standards or standards should be planted at the cor-
ners of the beds. The centre of each square could
display a garden ornament, and the gravel paths could
be paved or treated in some other suitable way. Our
idea, however, is to combine fruit trees and Roses,
and for such the plan is admirably adapted without
much alteration.
&CAI
SEABROOK'S
are recognised as the Best Value
obtainable
Every care possible is expended
on their culture and training at
the same time retaining to the
full their well-known cropping
propensities and vigorous consti-
tution.
Special service is provided free
in scientific fumigation before
despatch thus ensuring absolute
freedom from insect pests and
p.
he same care is spent on our
and all the newest varieties are
grown as well as the best of the
older ones. -
Catalogues detailing our SPECIAL CARRIAGE PAID
terms free on application.
W. SEABROOK &- SONS Ltd.,
THE NURSERIES,
CHELMSFORD.
317
A Rose Garden Planting Scheme
G. G. WHITELEGG & COMPANY.
The firm of G. G. Whitelegg and Company was
established some fifteen years ago by Mr. G. G.
Whitelegg, who is well known as a hardy plant ex-
pert, and as a designer and constructor of rock and
formal gardens. In 1919, Mr. Percy Murrell — son of
the late Edwin Murrell, of Shrewsbury — whose name
is well known to Rose growers, joined Mr. White-
legg in partnership, and the Orpington Nurseries,
where Roses are cultivated in large quantities, are
now under his care.
There have been many changes in fashion in
gardening, and many types of gardens and different
classes of plants have become great popular favour-
ites from time to time; yet to-day, when gardening
is a hobby which appeals to the greater number of
people than any other pursuit, our National Flower
— the Rose — is more firmly established than ever in
its position as the most popular and widely-loved
flower of all. There is no garden so small but it
must have Roses in it ; and none so large or elaborate
in design but it has a Rose garden as its centre-piece
and greatest attraction.
The accompanying plan shows a -Rose garden of
simple and pleasing design, laid out — as all Rose
gardens should be — in well-kept turf, with paths con-
structed of crazy paving stone. It is surrounded by
a hedge of that glorious Rose, " Gottfried Keller,"
which cannot be excelled for this purpose, and at
either end there are three bold groups of Hybrid
Sweet Briars, planted outside the garden proper. The
beds are planted with leading varieties of Hybrid Tea
and Tea Roses, each bed being devoted to one variety,
to give a bold and striking, yet harmonious, colour
scheme. This is arranged so that the four large
centre beds are red or crimson, and from these, in
318
eadh section, follow pink, orange or copper, yellow
and white. Flatness is avoided by the judicious plac-
ing- of Standard Roses; the large standards in the
centres of the four sections being Wichuraiana varie-
ties, and the smaller standards (in pairs on either
side of the central patches) Hybrid Teas.
The following is a selection of varieties suitable
for this garden : —
HYBRID SWEET BRIARS. — Catherine Seyton, Re-
fulgenee, Julia Mannering, Edith Bellenden, Meg
Merrilees, Green Mantle.
BEDDING ROSES : Red and Scarlet. — K. of K.,
Lieutenant Chaure, Princess Mary, General McArthur.
Pink. — Mrs. George Shawyer, Madame Segond
Weber, Willowmere, Konigen Carola. Orange and
Copper.— Lady Pirrie, Old Gold, Betty, Mrs. Alfred
Tate. Yellow. — Lady Hillingdon, Miss May Mar-
riott, Mrs. Wemyss Quinn, Golden Emblem. White.
— British Queen, Madame Jules Bouche, Molly Shar-
man Crawford, Mrs. Herbert Stevens.
STANDARD HYBRID TEA ROSES. — Betty, Caroline
Testout, Gorgeous, Lady Ashtown, Hugh Dickson,
Lieutenant Ohaure, Ophelia, Madame Abel Chatenay,
Harry Kirk, British Queen, General McArthur,
George C. Waud, Red Letter Day, Mrs. Wemyss
Quinn, Mrs. W. J. Grant, Mrs. Geo. Shawyer, La
Tosca, Pharisaer.
STANDARD WICHURAIANA ROSES. — American Pillar,
Dorothy Perkins, Excelsa, Emily Gray, Hiawatha,
Shower of Gold, Alberic Barbier, White Dorothy.
G. G.
WHITELEGG
^he 3\£urserres,
Chislchurst <3D Orpington
KENT
J3ARDEN
«»*»«•«««=
Our magnificent collection of Roses is
grown under the best conditions and
includes the best varieties for all purposes.
Inspection during the summer months is
:: :: cordially invited. :: ::
We are Specialists in designing and plant-
ing Rose Gardens. Catalogues and
:: Estimates free on request. ::
SKELTON & KIRBY,
PIRBRIGHT :: SURREY.
Telephone : Brookwood 86.
WILL be pleased to design and
make an artistic Rose Garden
for you to a colour scheme, requiring
the minimum of up keep.
All work entrusted to them is
carried out by expert foremen under
personal supervision.
Other garden work also carried out.
Before embarking on Garden Alterations
call in an expert, it is cheaper
in the long run.
'O .if .<? »c>
Ijll^l'Mll ' =
I:
'""I" r
.I0 ,'
i 1
, m-m
£==£=£=£
I M
r^Ht^aii^irT^^T?1 * ^rf-rTVA^ -^r-rrg-
•
- -"'
~~ flp 'V'1'1- . --^ . v»-'^ -u' ' 'u"jil, . jv^j
«SEiSah3:
19 S a to ZO
'i«!PI '
r
Photograph by Reginald A. Malby, F.R.P.S.
COL. OSWALD FITZGERALD. (H.T.)
ALEX. DICKSON & SONS, LTD., 1917.
Photograph by Reginald A. Malby, F.R.P.S.
PADRE. (H.T.)
B. R. CANT & SONS, 1920.
355
CHAPTER XIX.
A DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF ROSES
IN COMMERCE.
" Round the feast of fragrance rove
But gently touch the Rose of Love." — Anacreon,
In the compilation of this dictionary of Roses,
for such it really is, I have relied principally upon the
Rose-growing trade of this country to supply me with
information as to varieties grown and in commerce
to-day, and also on my good friends Messrs. Kitten Bros.
To my great surprise, I find that very few of our
British Nurseries make the effort to keep alive the
Roses of the past. The craze is for something new,
for novelties that will sell, and while every effort is
made by our growers to produce the best, and only
to put on the market the finest of Roses, yet it is
distressing to find so few who will preserve the Roses
of yesterday. As in everything else, so in Roses we
Britishers have to cross the Channel before we wake
up. Not that we cede the palm to anyone for flowers
or goods as superior to those that are British-grown
or British-made : but we do not know how to take
care of what we have got, or even to dispose of to
the best advantage the products of our country.
It vexes me to find Continental growers teaching
us our own business : I dare not ignore their lists and
catalogues, although this work cannot accept the hall-
mark of all their goods. But when you find firms
and growers listing old varieties, raised in this country,
which were sent out by our own nurserymen in the
past but now have been discarded, you are obliged to
take notice, for they will most certainly find their way
home.
356
Such already is my experience, and it has made
it a very difficult task for me to know where to begin
and where to leave off. If only we had a national
Rose garden, where every Rose that had been in com-
merce could be grown and listed, what an easy task
mine would be ! Instead, I have had to contend with
the apathy of many of our less enthusiastic growers,
and lack of information from some of our most im-
portant nurseries has prevented me from making my
dictionary of varieties as perfect as it should be. This
is the fault of the trade as a whole, who have not yet
attained to the finer sense of discernment of its own
interests as have its Continental brethren. We have
a lot to learn in this country in respect to trade de-
velopment, but the greatest lesson is to pull together.
It is a very easy matter for me, apart from my know-
ledge to put my fingers on the live business horticul-
tural firms of this country, and the simple evidence,
such as courtesy, quick replies to all correspondence,
whether interested or not, soon reveals to any business
man the prospects of a firm.
When searching the dictionary for particulars of
any variety, I trust that each will remember the diffi-
culties with which I have to contend, and should the
Roses sought for not be listed in my book, may I be
forgiven the omission made either unintentionally or
intentionally. Unintentionally if a grower had not
notified me of its being grown in his nursery, and
intentionally if, as far as I have been able to ascertain,
it has passed out of commerce. It would be most
confusing to the trade if I listed numberless varieties
that were not obtainable, and my book would lose at
once its practical value. In any case I would strongly
recommend amateur growers to be advised by any of
the nurserymen represented in this book, for each one
is a past-master of his profession, and will gladly
attend to orders and assist any disciple of the Queen
of Flowers. Although trade catalogues may omit
certain varieties from their lists, yet as is often the
case a few trees are still grown for old customers or
kept for various reasons outside commerce. Amongst
357
these may be found what is required, and if not grown
by the nurseryman approached, still he will often
know where such can be procured. Oftimes an old
garden will yield buds of the variety sought for, and
in many cases sudh remains as the sole surviving tree
of a once popular favourite.
So many varieties are so much alike that the
grower is well advised to leave selections to the trade,
who can always supply a variety equally as good from
their nurseries as one that has gone out of commerce
or is difficult to procure. Sentiment is a most force-
ful factor in the selecting of Roses, but sentiment is
not always well advised ; and as enterprise and dis-
covery move forward we should not hang1 too closely
to the annuls of the past. I certainly feel the loss of
old friends, but at the same time I never shut my eyes
to honest improvements ; and where horticulture has
advanced he would indeed be a bigot who desired
to be fossilized to the productions of the past. My
advice to every grower is, as far as possible, leave
your selection of varieties to your nurseryman of
repute, and do not distress him by trying to secure
some obsolete variety which he can replace twice over
with something better. They are the experts, and
know what is best; and if we have our fancies, still
these for the most part are but from lack of know-
ledge as to improvements. With these few remarks
I submit to the Rosarian a list which, although in no-
wise complete, yet represents the bulk of Roses now
in commerce and which, as years advance, will be
added to with advantage to the exhibitor and in-
creased pleasure to the grower.
358
ABBREVIATIONS.
Used to denote the class to which a Kose
variety belongs and also to denote the use for
which a Eose variety is best suited.
Class to which it belongs. Use for which it is suited.
Ayr. — Ayrshire.
B. — Bourbon.
•C. — Cnina.
D —Damask.
H.B - -Hybrid Bourbon.
H.Brac. — Hybrid Bracteata.
H. Briar— Hybrid Briar.
H N.- Hybrid Noisette.
H.P. — Hybrid Perpetual.
H.T.— Hybrid Tea.
Mult. ramb. — Multiflora
ramblers; (climbing
poly ant ha/.
Fernet — Pernetiana.
N. — Noisette.
poly pom. — polyantha
pompon
Prov. — Provence,
rug. — rugosa.
S. Briar. — Sweet Briar.
T.-Tea.
wich. — wichuraiana
wich. pom. — wichuraiana
pompon
A. — Autunmn.
Ar.— Arch.
B.— Bush.
Bed.— Bedding.
But. — Button-hole.
Cut. — Cutting.
E.— Edging.
Exh. — Exhibition.
F — Forcing.
G —Garden.
H.- Hedge.
P.— Pot.
Pil.— Pillar.
Perg. — Pergola.
S. — Screen.
T.— Town.
W.— Wall.
359
A Descriptive List
Roses in Commerce.
Abbe Bramerel (H.P.), Guillot 1871 :
** -Flower velvety purple with
crimson red centre, edges of petals
deep carmine violet, large full imbri-
cated, sweet-scented. Growth mode-
rate, robust. A. Cut Exh. T.
Abbe Luis Q. Orozco (H.T.), A.
Schwartz 1910 : — Flower glowing car-
mine, tinted cherry, border of petals
tinted carmine, large and full.
Growth vigorous, very free.
Abbe Moiland (C.) :— Flower pur-
plish crimson, free flowering.
Growth vigorous.
Abel Carriere (H.T.), E. Verdier
1875 :— Flower purple, shaded crim-
son, large and full. Growth vigor-
ous, fine scent, erect hardy. A.
Cut. F. G.
Abondant (poly pom.), E. Turbat &
Cie. 1914:— Flower bright carmine
rose changing to bright flesh, pro-
duced in clusters. Growth extra
vigorous; foliage deep glossy green.
Achilla Cesbron (H.P.), Rousset
1893 : — Flower geranium red, passing
full fragrant Growth vigo'rous
Ada Paulin (H.T.), E. J. Hicks
1916 :— Flower apricot, shaded
bronze-yellow. Exh. Bu. Bed.
Adelaide Cote (H.P.), Schmitt 1881 :
fragrant. Growth vigorous, florifer-
ous, hardy. A.
Admiral Dewey (H.T.) :- Flower light
blush-pink, large, of good shape.
Vigorous, free flowering. Exh. Cut.
ral Ward (H.T.) Jos. Pernet-
Ducher 1915 :— Flower crimson red
shaded velvety purple, large, full,
and globular, with large petals ;
spherical blackish red bud. Growth
very vigorous, erect, branching ;
large glossy green bronzed foliage;
very free flowering. Bed.
Adolf Karger (Fernet), W. Korcles'
Sohne 1918 :— Flower chrome yellow
without shading, large and full, pro-
duced on long, stiff stems; long
bud. Growth vigorous, deep green
foliage; free and late flowering.
Cut. F.
Adolf Koschel (Fernet), W. Kordes'
Sohne 1918:— Flower intense orange
yellow with reddish shadings, large,
very full, produced on long and stiff
stems, tea scent. Growth vigorous,
erect, branching; perpetual flower-
ing. Cut.
/Ennchen Miiller (poly pom.), J. C.
Schmidt 1907:— Flower bright pink,
petals reflexed, large showy clusters,
sweetly scented; foliage subject to
mildew. Growth medium. G. Bed.
Agate (poly pom.), G. Paul 1909: -
Flower yellow, in bunches, very
dwarf. E.
Aglaia (mult, ramb.), Schmitt 1895:
— Flower canary yellow, small, semi-
double, of beautiful shell-shaped
form, tea-perfumed, produced in
large trusses. Growth vigorous,
climbing. Ar. Perg. Pil. W.
Aim6e Vibert (N.), Vibert 1828:-
Flower snow white, medium, full,
sweet-scented. Growth very vigor-
ous, climbing, perpetual flowering.
Almle Vibert (Climbing) (N.) :— See
Aimie Vibert.
Almle Cochet (H.T.), Soupert & Not-
ing 1902:— Flower deep pink, with a
rosy peach centre. Growth mode-
rate.
Alain Blanchard (Prov.), Vibert
1839 .-—Flower dark violet red large.
Growth vigorous.
Alba (Rug) :— Flower pure white
single. Growth vigorous, bearing
large seed pods in the autumn. Bu.
H.
Alba rubrifolia (Wich) :— Flowers
white, sometimes tinted red, foliage
tinted crimson. Growth very vigor-
ous. Pil. Ar.
Alberic Barbier (Wich), Barbier &
Cie. 1900:— Flower creamy white,
360
centre canary yellow, medium,
double. Growth very vigorous,
climbing ; early and late flowering.
Ar. Perg. Pil. S.
Albert Stopford (T.), P. & C. Nabon-
nand 1898: — Flower salmon rosy pink,
outer petals purple rose, very large,
full, sweet-scented. Growth very
vigorous. A.
Alexander Emslie (H.T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1918 :— Flower pure
solid ruby on deep delicate velvety
crimson, with slightly white base,
deep and globular ; deliciously per-
fumed. Growth free and branching;
very floriferous. A magnificent rose.
Exh. P.
Alexander Girault (Wich), Barbier
1907: — Flower deep carmine, shaded
with pale orange, large and free.
Pil. Ar.
Alexander Hill Cray (T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1911 :— Flower deep
lemon yellow, strongly tea-perfumed,
large, full, of perfect form and high
pointed centre. Growth robust,
vigorous and erect. Exh. F.
Alexandra Zarifi (H.T.) :— Flower
terra cotta, changing to buff, single.
Alexandre Tremouillet (Wich) :—
Flowers white, tinted with rose and
cherry pink, with white centre,
single, large trusses. Growth vigor-
ous, free flowering. Bed.
Alice Cory Wright (H.T.) :Flower
deep pink, large and full. Growth
moderate. Cut.
Alice de Rothschild (T.), Alex. Dick-
son & Sons 1910:— Flower deep
citron yellow, very large, full, and
of perfect form, with high pointed
centre, Marechal Niel perfume.
Growth vigorous, erect, free. One
of the best. Exh. G. P.
j Alice Crahame (H.T.), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1903:— Flower ivory white
) tinted salmon, large, very full,
j sweet. Growth vigorous, free. A
I grand rose. Cut. Exh. P.
i Alice Grey (Ayr) :— Flower creamy
i blush, summer flowering. Growth
• very vigorous. Perg. Ar.
| Alice Hamilton (C.) :— Flower bright
j crimson, long pretty bud, very frag-
rant, free flowering.
I Alice Kbpke-Demoy (H.T.), Soupert
! & Netting 1907:— Flower milk white
j centre suffused flesh, large, full",
j imbricated, opening well. Growth
i vigorous. Cut. Exh. F. G.
j Alice Lemon (H.T.), E. G. Hill Co.
| 1910 : — Flower creamy white with
double flowers; dark green foliage.
Vigorous. Pil. Ar.
Alexina (C.) :— Flower pure white,
very large, and sweetly scented.
Growth vigorous.
Alfred Aubert (C.) :— Flower satin
rose, free flowering. Growth vigor-
Alfred Colomb (H.P.), Lacharme
1865 : — Flower strawberry red with
a * f ji
high centred, very free and hardy.
A. Cut. Exh. F. G.
Alfred de Dalmas (Perpetual Moss),
Laffay 1855 :— Flower, centre rose
coloured, outer petals rosy white,
medium, full, fragrant, floriferous.
G.
Alfred de Rougemont (H.P.), La-
charme 1862 : — Flower carmine red,
with purple garnet reflexes, large
and full. Growth vigorous, erect.
Alfred K. Williams (H.P.), Schwartz
1877 : — Flower carmine-red, changing
to magenta, large, full, of perfect
imbricated form, fragrant. Growth
moderate. A. Cut. Exh. F.
Alfred W. Mellersh (H.T.), Wm.
Paul & Son 1918:— Flower salmon-
yellow, shaded with rose ; amber
centre, exceedingly pretty; buds
handsome, petals of the open flowers
large and well shaped. Growth com-
pact, exceedingly free flowering. A
beautiful decorative variety ; fine for
massing.
Alice Am03 (poly pom.), distributors
D. Prior & Son, Ltd. : — Flowers
double, opening well. Growth vigor-
ous. Quite distinct.
Alice Leroy (Moss) :-Flower pale
purple, well mossed; good foliage.
But. Cut.
Alice Lindsell (H.T.), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1902:— Flower creamy white
with pink centre, very large and full,
fine form, with high pointed centre.
Growth vigorous. Exh. A.
Alice Roosevelt (H.T.) :— Flower
bright rose, shaded to deep salmon,
large, full, good shape.
Alliance Franco-Russe (T.), Goinard
1899:— Flower amber yellow, centre
golden yellow, outer petals some-
times rose coloured, very large, full.
Growth vigorous, hardy, very ' flori-
ferous. First class Rose. A. Cut.
Exh. G.
Alister Stella Cray (N.), (A. Hill
Gray), Paul & Son 1894 :— Flower
pale yellow, deeper centre, borne in
clusters, free blooming, and per-
petual. Growth vigorous. Ar. Pil.
Alphonse Soupert (H.P.), Lacharme
1883 :— Flower deep rose Neyron red,
with carmine lake reflexes in the
centre, very large, full, globular.
Growth very vigorous, hardy. A.
Cut. Exh. F. G.
Alpina (Species) 1753 :— Flower a
pure deep rose, single, and very
early summer flowering. Growth
vigorous ; thornless. Bu.
Alpina Pyrenaica (Species) :— Flower
a bright rose, single, very early
361
summer flowering. Growth mode-
rate ; a dwarf variety of Alpina.
Alsace-Lorraine (H.P.), Duval 1879:
—Flower deep velvety crimson,
shaded purple garnet, large, full,
very sweet. Growth verv vigorous.
A.
Altaica (Species) :— Flower a pale
lemon-white, single flowered, very
early. Growth vigorous. Bu. H.
Altmarker (H.T.), J. C. Schmidt
1907:— Flower golden ochre, tinted
cochineal red, medium, full, frag-
rant. Growth vigorous, floriferous.
Distinct colouring. But. Cut.
Amadis (Ayr) :— Flower deep pur-
Andersoni (Hybrid of Species) :—
Flower rose pink, single summer-
flowering. Growth vigorous. Bu.
Andenken an Breslau (wich), H.
Kiese & Co. 1913 :— Flower bright
plis
rampant; does well under adverse
conditions. Pil. Perg. S. H. Ar.
Amarante (poly, pom.), Barbier &
Cie. 1916:— Flower dark amarante
red, sometimes striped with white,
medium size, produced in large clus-
ters. Growth dwarf.
Amateur Teyssier (H.T.), Gamon
1899:— Flower milk white with cop-
pery golden yellow centre, large,
full, imbricated, opening well, frag-
rant. Growth vigorous, branching,
very free. A. Cut. G. T.
Amaury Fonseca (poly pom). Sou-
pert & Netting 1913:— Flower pure
white, suffused in autumn with light
pink, of medium size and perfect
form. Growth dwarf, unusually free
flowering.
Amber (poly pom.), G. Paul 1909:—
Flower amber, single, very dwarf.
Amelia Suzanne (T.) :— Flower white,
slightly flushed on outer petals with
blush ; sweetly scented.
Amelia Cravereaux (rug), J. Graver-
eaux 1903 : — Flower carmine purple,
shaded red, large, full. Growth
vigorous. B.
American Pillar (Wich), Conard &
Jones Co. 1909 :— Flower bright rose
with light centre, large, single, fine
trusses; bold glossy foliage. Growth
vigorous, climber, summer flower-
ing. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Amy Hammond (H.T.), S. M' Gredy
& Son 1911:— Flower a blend of
ivory, amber, and apricot. The
clear amber colour is most pro-
nounced, and develops to bright
apricot, especially towards the base
perfectly formed, long and pointed",
opening freely in all weathers,
sweet-scented. Exh. G.
Amy Robsart (S. Briar) (Lord Pen-
zance), Keynes, Williams & Co 1894:
—Flower deep rose. Growth very
vigorous. H. Bu. Pil.
Anais Segalas (Prov.), Vibert 1837:
—Flower crimson rose, of medium
size, full and fragrant. Growth
vigorous.
very full, produced in large clusters.
Growth Like "Dorothy Perkins."
I Perg. S.
I Andre Damon (H.T.) :— Flower deep
; Andree Lenoble (poly pom), E. Tur-
[ bat & Cie. 1916 :— Flower bright rose,
i double, imbricated form and of good
substance, produced m huge clus-
ters. Growth very vigorous; early
Anemone (Sinica) :— Flower large
silvery pink, single. Growth vigor-
ous, climber, likes a warm wall.
W.
Angelitjue Quetier (Moss) -Flower
pale lilac rose. Growth free and
well mossed. But. Cut.
Anna Chartron (T.), Veuve Schwartz
1896:— Flower cream yellow, washed
lilac rose, full, opening weH. Growth
vigorous. Exh.
Anna de Diesbach (H.P.), Lacharme
1858: — Flower rose Neyron red, very
large, full, of cupped form, very
sweet. Growth vigorous, free, hardy.
A. Cut. F.
Anna Marie de Montravel (poly
pom.). Veuve Rambaux 1879: — Flower
pure white, full, free flowering. Bed.
But. E. F.
Anna Ollivier (T.), Ducher 1872:—
Flower yellowish flesh, shaded with
salmon, large, full, fragrant. Exh.
G.
Annchen Miiller (poly pom) J. C.
Schmidt 1906 :— Flower brilliant rose,
medium, full, opening well. Growth
vigorous, free flowering. Bed. T.
Anne Laferrere (H.P.), Clement
Nabonnand 1916 :— Flower bright
velvety red, large, double, of cupped
form, erect. Growth very vigorous.
Anne of Geierstein (S. Briar) (Lord
Penzance). Keynes, Williams & Co.
1894 : — Flower deep crimson-rose,
single. Growth very vigorous. H.
Bu.
Annette Aynard (H.T.), M. Leenders
& Co. 1919:— Flower deep canary
yellow edged with rose, very large,
full. Growth vigorous.
Annie Crawford (H.P.), 1914:-
Flower clear pale pink, large and
full. Growth vigorous ; an improved
" Mrs. John Laing." Exh.
Annie Wood (H.P.), E. Verdier 1866:
—Flower currant red, passing to
purple and cochineal carmine, large,
very full and sweet. Growth very
vigorous. A. Cut. Exh.
362
Antoinette Guillerat (C.), Buatois
1898 .'—Flower white, shaded yello^w
on the outside, large, semi-double,
free flowering. Growth vigorous.
Antoine Mouton (H.P.), Level 1874:
— Flc
Growth vigorous, free flowering,
early and late. Bed.
Argentine Cramon (H.T.), C. Cham-
bard 1915 : — Flower outside of petals
white, tinted carnation rose at pointt
of petals, interior of petals carna-
extra large, very full, globular, very
fragrant. Growth vigorous, erect,
hardy. A. Cut. G. Exh.
Antoine Qulhou (H.P.), E. Verdier
1879:— Flower velvety purple maroon,
large, full, fragrant. Growth vigor-
ous. A. Cut. F. G.
Antoine Rivoire (H.T.), Jos. Pernet-
Ducher 1895 :— Flower fleshy white on
a yellow ground, shaded with a
border of carmine, large, full.
Growth vigorous. A. Bed. Cut. Exh.
F. G. T.
Apotheker Franz Hahne (Austrian
Briar), H. Kiese & Co. 1919 :— Flower
salmon rose, base of petals orange
yellow, large, full; buds of distinct
red orange colouring. Growth vigor-
ous, similar to "Gloire de Dijon."
Apotheker Ceorg Hbfer (H.T.), N.
Welter 1900:- Flower brilliant clear
purple red, very large, sweet-scented.
Growth very vigorous. Cut. Exh. F.
Arcadia (Wich) —Flower bright rosy
scarlet, double, flowering in large
clusters, late. Growth vigorous. Pil.
Perg. Ar.
Archiduchesse Elisabeth d'Autriche
(H.P.), Moreau-Robert 1881:—
Flower carmine purple, passing to
purple rose, very large, full, frag-
rant. Growth very vigorous and
free flowering. A. Cut. G.
Archiduchesse Marie Immaculata
(T.), Soupert & Netting 1886:—
Flower rosy flesh changing to bright
rosy scarlet, outer petals purple
rose, very large, full, opening well,
very sweet. Growth vigorous. A.
Cut. G. T.
Archie Cray (H.T.), Hugh Dickson
1920:— Flower deep crimson, heavily ,
flamed with brilliant velvety scarlet,
large and very full, high centred and ;
fine form, edges of petals nicely
reflexed. Growth vigorous, free |
branching ; foliage dark green and >
abundant. G.
Ards Pillar (H.T.), A. Dickson & I
Sons 1902: — Flowers full rich crimson, j
of cupped form. Growth vigorous.
Pil.
Ards Rambler, A. Dickson 1908:—
Flower orange crimson, large, fine
foliage, fragrant. Growth vigorous.
Pil. Ar.
Ards Rover (H.P.), A. Dickson &
Sons, 1898 :— Flowers dark shaded
crimson, of good size, with stiff
petals ; handsome foliage. Growth
very vigorous. W. Pil. Ar. Perg.
Arethusa (C.), W. Paul 1903:—
Flower clear yellow tinted apricot.
cupped. Growth very vigorous,
strong and branching, beautiful
purple green foliage, wood spineless.
Argyll (H.T.) :— Described as an im-
proved " Mrs. David McKee," pos-
sessing a deeper cream tone.
Growth robust. Exh.
Ariadne (C.), Wm. Paul & Son 1918:
Flower bright crimson, centre
shaded with yellow, moderately full,
large strong petals. Growth vigor-
ous branching. Bed.
Ariel I. (Wich), G. Paul 1910:—
Flower bright amaranth pink, in
clusters, the buds are of a fine cop-
pery colour. Growth vigorous. Pil.
Ar. Perg.
Armosa or Hermosa (C.), Marches-
eau 1840:— Flower soft pink, very
double. medium size, globular.
Growth free. Bed.
Arthur R. Goodwin (Fernet), Jos.
Pernet-Ducher 1909 .-—Flower coppery
orange red, passing to salmon pink
as the flowers expand, medium size,
full. Growth vigorous, very free
flowering, hardy and branching. A.
Bed. Cut. Exh. T. G.
Arvensis Miss Jekyll (Ayr) :— Flower
white, single. Vigorous climber. Ar.
Perg. Pil.
Aschenbrodel
(poly pom.), Lambert
:— Flower pale peach with
th
dwarf. Bed. G. E. F.
Aspirant Marcel Rouyer (H.T.), Jos.
Pernet-Ducher 1919 :— Flower deep
apricot, reddish apricot in the
petals, veined deep yellow at the
base, very large, full, very long
pointed bud carried on strong stem.
Growth vigorous, branching. Exh.
Bed. C.
Atropurpurea (Rug) :— Flower deep
blackish crimson; single. Growth
vigorous. Bu. H.
Auguste Barbier (Wich), Barbier
1901 : — Flower deep pink to lilac rose
with light centre, semi-double, pro-
duced in clusters, dark green foliage.
Growth vigorous. Pil. Ar. Perg.
Auguste Comte (T.), Soupert & Net-
ting 1895 : — Flower madder carmine,
medium. Growth vigorous, branch-
ing, very free flowering. But.
Auguste Cervaise (wich), Barbier &
Cie. 1917 : — Flower coppery yellow
and salmon rose, changing to cham-
ois and creamy white, double, very
large for its class ; bud coppery
apricot yellow, tinted aurora pink.
Growth very vigorous, climbing.
363
Augustine Quinoisseau (H.T.). Guin-
oisseau 1889 : — Flower rosy white,
large, full, globular, opening well,
fragrant. Growth vigorous, very
floriferous. Termed by the raiser a
white "La France." A. Bed. Cut.
G. T.
Augustus Hartmann (H.T.), B. R.
Cant & Sons 1914 :— Flower brilliant
geranium red flushed with orange,
of large size and beautifully formed,
nearly all blooms coming perfect
and being carried erect on stout
stems. Growth strong and sturdy,
with deep green leathery foliage
DCS not readily mildew. Exh.
vhich dc
Aurore (C.), Veuve Schwartz 1897:
— Flower saffron yellow, changing
to salmon rose, tinted aurora, large,
full, fragrant. Growth vigorous.
Distinct. A. But. E. G. T.
Australian Beauty (H.T.) :— Flower
brilliant scarlet, flushed blackish
maroon crimson. Growth free. Bed.
Austrian Copper (Austrian Briar),
grown in England by John Gerrard
1596 :— Flower nasturtium red, re-
verse of petals yellow, single, early
summer flowering. Growth vigorous.
G.
Austrian Yellow, Double (Austrian
Briar) : — Flower clear yellow, early
summer flowering. Very pretty in
the bud. Growth vigorous. H. Bu.
Austrian Yellow Single (Austrian
Briar), grown in England by John
Gerrard 1593 : — Flower clear yellow,
early summer flowering. Growth
vigorous. G. H. Bu.
Autumn Tints (Fernet), B. R. Cant
& Sons 1914:— Flower coppery red
shaded with orange and salmon, of
medium size. Growth strong and
branching ; foliage rich bronzy green.
Bed.
Aviateur Bleriot (VVich), Fauque et
Fils 1910 :— Flower golden yellow, full,
in clusters. Growth very vigorous.
Ar. Perg. Pil.
Aviateur Michel Mahieu (H.T.), Sou-
pert & Notting 1912 : — Flower coral
red with vivid centre, large, of per-
fect form, very fragrant. Growth
vigorous, upright, very floriferous.
Exh. C. G.
Avoca (H.T.), A. Dickson & Sons,
Ltd., 1907:— Flower crimson scarlet,
of medium size, well shaped, pro-
duced on ends of long shoots; frag-
rant. Growth very vigorous. Exh.
G. Cut.
A. W. Mellish (H.T.), W. Paul 1918:
—Flower clear yellow, shaded pink.
Bed.
BABY DAILY MAIL poly pom.) -<
** Flower in every respect identical
with Mme. Edouard Herriot, but a
true dwarf polyantha, very free flow-
ering. Bed. Cut.
Baby Dorothy (poly pom.) : — A sport
of " Dorothy Perkins." Growth
dwarf. Bed. E. P.
Baby Lyon-Rose (poly pom.), E. Tur-
bat & Cie. 1916:— Flower coral red
with salmon shrimp pink and capu-
cine yellow, the colour is on the
shade of " Lyon-Rose," but more
pronounced, large for its class,
double, produced in clusters.
Growth erect.
Baby Tausendschon (poly pom.) : —
Flower pink, rosy-carmine, well-ex-
panded, large, clusters. Bed. E.
Bagatelle (Mult, ramb.) :— Flower
white, slightly tinged with pale rose.
Growth vigorous. Ar. Pil.
B. A, Hammond (H.T.) :— Flower
apricpt shading to fawn or delicate
buff. Growth moderate.
Baltimore Belle (Mult, ramb.), S. &
J. Feast 1843:— Flower white, suf-
fused yellow, of medium size, full,
produced in clusters. Growth very
vigorous, climbing, hardv. Ar. B.
Perg. Pil.
Banksia (Banksia), Kerr 1807:—
White, very vigorous climber; south
or west wall; small double white
flowers, known as the White Banks-
ian Rose; summer-flowering, frag-
Banksia Fortunes (Banksia) :— Flower
double white, sweetly scented.
Growth vigorous, tender; south or
west wall.
Banksia Lutea (Banksia), Royal
Horticultural Society, 1824 :— Yellow,
very vigoroxis ; south or west wall;
small double, yellow flowers, known
as the Yellow Banksian Rose; sum-
BardouWejob' (H.T.), Nabonnand
1887 : — Flower glowing crimson, semi-
single, with large petals, a perpetual
pillar rose. Growth vigorous. Pil.
Bar le Duo (Mult, ramb.), Soupert
& Notting 1906 :— Flower rosy-peach
with coppery carmine centre.
Baron de Wassenaer (Moss), Verdier
1854 : — Flower deep rose and well
mossed, cupped in clusters. Bu.
Baron Girod de I'Ain (H.P.), Rever-
chon 1897 : — Flower varying from
with white edges of petals, large,
full, fragrant. Growth vigorous.
Baron Oonella (B.) :— Flower bright
cerise shaded with bronze, best in
autumn. Growth vigorous, free
Baronne" Ad. de Rothschild (H.P.),
Pernet 1867 :— Flower bright pink,
passing to mauve rose, very large,
M
364
full, of cupped form. Growth robust,
very free. A. Cut. F. G.
Baronne Ch. de Cargan (T.), Sou-
pert & Notting 1893:— Flower sul-
phur yellow, outer petals changing
to sulphury white, large, full.
Growth very vigorous, climbing. A.
Perg. Pil.
Baronne Charles d'Huart (H.T.),
Ketten Bros. 1910 :— Flower pale lilac
rose suffused fleshy white, very full,
perfectly formed, with high pointed
centre and nicely reflexed petals,
carried on long stiff stems, generally
singly. Growth vigorous, branching,
very free flowering. Bed. Cut. Exh.
Baronne de Bonstetten (H.P.) :—
Flower intensely dark, velvety crim-
son, sweetly scented. Growth vigor-
ous. Exh. Cut.
Baronne d'Erlanger (T.), Leveque
naix 1897 : — Flower flesh coloured, base
salmon and yellow, medium, full,
globular. Growth very vigorous,
free. Exh.
Baronne de Maynard (B.) :—
Flower pure white, medium size, fine
form, free, constant bloomer, fine
foliage. Growth vigorous. W. Pil.
Baronne Henrielte Snoy (T.), Ber-
naix 1892: — Flower flesh rose, base
of petals china rose, very large, full.
Growth vigorous, erect, very free.
A. Exh.
Baronne Nath. de Rothschild (H.P.),
Pernet 1884 :— Flower lilac rose tinted
bright rose, very large, full, frag-
rant. Growth vigorous and free. A.
Cut.
Baronne Ptston de St. Cyr (C.) :—
Flower pale flesh, bright and dis-
Baroness Rothschild (H.P.), Pernet
1867 : — Flower pale rose, large and
full, scentless. Growth vigorous,
erect.
Baroness von Ittorsum (Mult.
ramb.) : — Flower glowing crimson,
semi-double. Growth vigorous. Ar.
Pil. Perg.
Baronnesse Van der Feltz (H.T.),
W. Lourens 1918 :— Flower deep
orange vermilion, full. Growth
vigorous ; very free flowering.
Bath (Moss) :— Flower pure white,
large, blooming in clusters. Growth
Turbat & Cie. 1918 :— Flower salmon
fire red, large for its class, con-
tinuously produced in large corymbs.
Beaute" de FrancV^.T^'^foussamt
Mille Fils 1920:— Flower creamy
of petals deep yellow, large, full, of
fine form, fragrant. Growth vigor-
ous, very hardy, handsome deep
green foliage. C.
Beaute de I1 Europe (T.), Gonod
1881:— Flower salmon maize yellow,
suffused creamy yellow, very large,
full, globular. Growth vigorous,
climbing, free flowering. A. Cut.
Exh. Perg. Pil.
Beaute de Lyon (Pernet), Jos. Per-
net-Ducher 1910 :— Flower coral red
slightly shaded with yellow, large,
full, and globular. Growth vigorous,
autumn flowering. Unique colouring.
B. Exh. H. P.
Beaute Inconstante (T.), Jos. Per-
net-Ducher 1892 .-—Flower variable :
madder red, veined turkey red on
a coppery saffron yellow ground.
Growth vigorous, very free. Dis-
tinct. A. G. T.
Beaute Lyonnaise (H.T.), JOE. Per-
net-Ducher 1895 :— Flower white,
tinted with pale yellow, very large,
full. Growth robust, erect.
Beaute Orleanaise (Wich), E. Tur-
bat & Cie. 1919 :— Flower pure white
suffused salmon rose, changing to
bright flesh pink, very double, pro-
duced in large trusses. Growth very
vigorous, climbing.
Beaute de Lyon (Pernet), Pemet-
Ducher 1910 :— Flower coral-red to
strawberry rose and fawn yellow,
large and globular. Distinct.
Beauty of Waltham (H.P.), W. Paul
& Son 1S62 : — Flower cherry-crimson,
possessing a rich damask fragrance,
late bloomer, medium, very fragrant.
(Species) :— Flower
white, small, produced freely; in-
Beggeriana
, smal
ced from the Himalayas.
,
igorous, fr
Cut. But.
Beacon (C.) :— Flower bright blood
red colour, large, full. Growth
moderate. Bed.
Beatrice (H.T.) :— Flower pink,
changing to pale flesh; large, full,
well-shaped. Growth moderate.
Beau Carmine de Luxembourg (C.) :
—Flower brilliant carmine, semi-
double, perpetual, free flowering.
Growth vigorous.
Beaute d'Automne (poly pom.), t.
Belle des jardins (Gallica), Guillot
fils 1872:— Flower bright purple,
striped white, medium size, full.
Growth vigorous ; very hardy.
Belle Lyonnaise (T.), Levet 1869:—
Flower deep canary yellow, chang-
ing to white, slightly tinted salmon,
very large, full, very sweet. Growth
very vigorous, climbing, hardy. A.
B. Cut. Pil.
Belle Poitevenne (rug.) :— Flower
clear rose, large and double, sweetly
scented. Bu.
Belle Siebrecht (H.T.), Alex. Dick-
son & Sons 1895 :— Flower imperial
pink, large, fairly full, beautifully
formed, sweetly perfumed, opening
well. Growth vigorous. A. Cut.
Exh. F. G. T.
365
Ben Cant (H.P.), B. R. Cant & Sons
1902 :— Flower deep crimson, sweetly
scented. Seedling from " Victor
Hugo." Grand rich gieen foliage.
Growth vigorous. Exh.
Benedictine Seguin (H.T.), Jos. Per-
net-Ducher 1918:— Flower brownish
terra cotta, shaded coppery orange,
large, full, and globular, buds red-
dish apricot shaded carmine.
Growth very vigorous, erect, branch-
ing ; foliage bronzed reddish green.
Distinct.
Benedictus XV. (H.T.), M. Leenders
& Co. 1917:— Flower white, shaded
soft salmon towards the centre,
large, full, of perfect form, fragrant;
buds long and poqnted. Growth
vigorous, very free flowering. Bed.
Bennett's Seedling (Ayr), Bennett
1840:— Flower white, small, semi-
double, flat, in clusters. Ar. Perg.
H. W.
Beranger (Moss) .-—Flower deep
rose, small. Growth vigorous. Bu.
Berberifolia Hardii :-Flower single
yellow, with chocolate blotches.
Growth moderate, tender.
Berthe de Bary de Zahony (T.) :
—Flower nankeen yellow, tinted with
salmon and copper. Growth mode-
rate.
Berthe Caulis, Bernaix 1909 :— Flower
pale lilac and china rose, with dark-
Bertha Kieae '(H.T.), O. Jacobs;
introduced by H. Kiese & Co. 1913:
— Flower pure golden yellow, large,
long bud shaded orange and car-
mine. Growth vigorous, upright,
free branching. F. G. Cut.
Bertha von Siiffner (H.T.), H. A.
Verschuren & Zonen 1918 :— Flower
Chatenay " ; handsome foliage. Cut.
Berthe Gaulis (H.T.), P. Bernaix
1909 : — Flower pale lilac rose and
china rose with darker centre, large,
fragrant. Growth vigorous. Cut. G.
Beryl (T.), Alex. Dickson & Sons
1898:— Flower deep golden yellow,
small. full, sweetly perfumed.
Growth moderate, very floriferous.
But. T.
Bessie Brown (H.T.), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1899:— Flower creamy white,
large size, very full. Growth vigor-
ous. Exh. One of the best.
Bessie Chaplin (H.T.), Chaplin
Bros., Ltd., 1921:- Flower bright
pink, very large, well shaped, foli-
Growth vigorous and upright. Bed.
Bu.
Bettelstudent (poly pom.) :— Flower
single, deep carmine with a white
eye. Growth dwarf. Distinct. E.
Betsy van Mas (poly pom.), Raiser:
S. van Ryn ; distributors : Munch &
Haufe 1914 :— Flower of bright pure
red, large and double, produced in
large, dense, erect, and pyramidal
clusters. Growth very vigorous;
foliage light green, immune from
mildew. A sport from " Mrs. Wm.
H. Cutbush."
Betty (H.T.), Alex. Dickson & Sons
1905 : — Flower coppery-rose over-
spread with golden yellow, large,
fairly full, fine form, buds very long,
opening well, deliciously perfumed.
Growth very vigorous, continuous
flowering. A. Cut. Exh. F. P. T.
Betty, Berkeley (T.), P. Bernaix
1903 : — Flower cochineal carmine,
changing to geranium red, medium,
moderately full, opening well.
Growth vigorous. A. T.
Betty Uprichard (H.I.), Alex. Dick-
son & Sons 1921 .-—Flower soft pink
flushed orange, with deeper centre,
full and pointed, fragrant. Bed.
Beulah (H.T.). F. Cant & Co. 1914:—
Flower buds brightest rose-pink, as
petals expand the yellow base with
bright yellow anthers reminds one of
a peony. Growth free, branching.
Biaiica (H.T.), Wm. Paul & Son
1913 : — Flower creamy white tinted
and shaded with peach, long pointed
buds. Growth vigorous ; very free
and continuous in blooming. Exh.
Cut.
Billiard et Barre (T.), J. Pernet-
Ducher 1898 : — Flower Indian yellow,
changing to golden yellow, mode-
rately full, globular, very sweet,
opening well ; buds superb when
half open. Growth vigorous, semi-
climbing. A. Cut. T.
Black MOSS (Moss) :— Flower black
crimson purple. Growth vigorous.
Distinct. Bu.
Black Prince (H.P.), Wm. Paul:—
Flower very dark crimson, richly
shaded, cupped, large, full, fine
shape. Cut.
Blairii No. 2 (H.C.), Blair 1845:—
Flower blush with rose coloured
centre, cupped, in clusters, very
large, double. Growth very vigorous,
branching ; fine foliage. Ar. Pil. W.
Blanc double (Moss) :— Flower white,
medium size, full, fragrant. Growth
vigorous. G.
Blanc double de Coubert (rug.),
Cochet-Cochet 1892 :— Flower pure
white, very large, nearly full, frag-
rant. Growth very vigorous. Bu.
Blanche Belgique (Alba) :-Flower
white, very floriferous. Growth
Blanche Frowein (Mult, ramb.), M.
Leenders & Co. 1915 :— Flower copper
suffused with golden yellow, passing
to delicate yellow, of medium size, >
full and very fragrant. Growth ;
vigorous, climbing, free, and per- !
petual.
Blanche Martignat (T.), Gamon
1908:— Flower salmon tinted yellow, :
outer petals suffused pink, large, ;
full, very sweet. Growth vigorous. ;
Blanche Moreau (Moss), Moreau- !
Robert 1880:— Flower pure white, j
large, full, perfect form, produced ;
in corymbs. Growth vigorous, well i
mossed, hardy. The finest white i
Moss Rose. G. T.
Blanche Simon (Moss), Moreau- :
Robert 1862 : — Flower pure white, :
large, rather flat, full. Growth •
vigorous.
Blanc Unique (C.) :-Flower pure '
white, medium sized, borne in the i
greatest profusion. Growth vigor- i
ous.
Blanche Rabatelle (poly pom.) :—
Flower crimson purple, small, double, |
in bunches. Growth dwarfed. E. P. !
Blumenschmidt (T.), J. C. Schmidt |
1905 : — Flower primrose yellow, outer !
petals delicate rose, large, full.
ing. A. Bed. Cut. G. T.
Blush Rambler (Mult, ramb.), B. R.
Cant & Sons 1903:— Flower blush
rose colour, in large clusters, sweetly
scented, free. Growth vigorous. Pil.
Ar. Perg. H.
Blushing Bride (H.T.), Hugh Dick-
son 1918:— Flower clear white, with
faint blush flush over the centre,
Sink to lilac white, early, perpetual
owering. Growth vigorous. Ar.
Pil. Perg.
Bourbonne Queen (B) :— Flower
deep rose, large, sweetly scented.
Growth vigorous, free flowering. H.
Braiswick Beauty (Mult, ramb.), F.
Cant & Co. 1915:— Flower satiny
rose, base of petals bronzy rose,
early flowering ; produced abundant-
ly, light artistic clusters, fragrant.
Growth very vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Braiswick Charm (Wich), F. Cant &
Co. 1914 : — Flower orange-yellow to
white, free, in light clusters ; tea
scented. Growth very vigorous. Ar.
Perg. S.
Braiswick Fairy (Mult, rarab.), F.
Cant & Co. 1915 :— Flower blush pink,
i semi-double, sweet perfume, early
i flowering. Growth, large trusses on
; erect stems. Pil. Perg. Ar.
Braiswick Gem (Mult, ramb.), F.
Cant & Co. 1915:— Flower pure nan-
i keen yellow, large, fragrant, pyra-
: midal clusters, large pointed buds,
! early. Growth very vigorous. Ar.
; Pil. Perg. S.
(S. Briar), Lord Pe
large, full, and well formed, with
high pointed centre. Growth free.
Bed.
Boadicea (T.). W. Paul & Son 1901:
—Flower pale peach, tinted with pink
and violet, pointed shape, stiff
petals, large. Growth moderate.
Exh.
Boncenne (H.P.), Liabaud 1862:-
Flower dark velvety purple, large,
very full, sweet-scented. Growth
vigorous, hardy. A. Cut. F. G.
Bonnie Belle (Wich) :— Flower pink,
single, with yellow stamens, hand-
some foliage. Growth vigorous. Ar.
Perg. Pil.
Bordure (poly pom.), Barbier & Cie
1911 : — Flower pure carmine, large
and double, of good shape. Very
free flowering.
Boule de Neige (N.), Lacharme
1867:— Flower pure white shaded
greenish white, medium, full, imbri-
cated, opening well. Growth vigor-
ous. A. Cut. T.
Bouquet d'Or (N.), Ducher 1872:—
Flower Naples yellow, centre salmon,
large, very .full, fragrant. Growth
vigorous, climbing.
Bouquet Rose (Wich) :— Flower rose
• 1894: — Flower peach-pink, single.
Growth very vigorous. H. Bu. S.
Bridesmaid (T.), Moore 1892:—
! Flower clear pink tinted bright rosy
• scarlet, large, full, globular, high
i centred. Growth vigorous. A. Cut.
Exh. F. G.
Brie Rose (T.) :— Flower salmon yel-
low, reverse of petals purplish rose.
i A sport from Mme. Berrard. Growth
! vigorous. W.
Brilliant (H.T.), Jhuigh Dickson
! 1914 : — Flower most intense scarlet,
, the fiery brilliance of which is quite
I startling, it does not burn or blue
in the sun, large, full, and produced
' continuously throughout the season
i in endless profusion. Growth strong,
i upright, and branching, handsome
i foliage, mildew proof. Bed.
British Queen (H.T.), S. M'Gredy &
j Son 1912 : — Flower white, with a
| slight flush, which disappears as
; the bloom opens, large, full, of
exquisite form, opening freely in all
| weathers, sweetly fragrant. Growth
vigorous, branching, free flowering.
Bed. G. Cut.
Brunonii (Musk) :— Flower single
white, a variety of R. Moschata ;
sweetly scented. Growth vigorous.
Brunonis or Himalaya Briars-Flower
pure white, single flowers, bright
yellow stamens, early flowering. Pil.
Bullata (The Lettuce Leaved Rose)
(Prov.) :— Flower pink, handsome
\ foliage. Growth vigorous. Distinct.
Bunel (H.T.), Jos. Pernet-Ducher
1899: — Flower peach blossom rose on
367
a yellow base, edged bright pink,
very large, full, imbricated, fragrant.
(H.T.),
Growth vigor
rg (
G. A. van Rossem 1919 :— Flower
Growt vigorous, erect.
Burgemeester Sandber
soft pink, outer petals deep rose,
very large, of fine form.
Burgundy (poly pom.) :— Flower,
small, deep red, very double. Growth
dwarf. Bed. E.
Cabbage or Proveno* (Prov.), 1560 :
—one of the oldest roses culti-
vated iu this country. Existing in the
following varieties : lied, crested,
white, striped. All possessing distinct
form and flowering in Autumn as well
as Summer. Sweetly scented, large
and full. Growth vigorous. Pil. Bu.
Callisto (H. Musk), Rev T. H. Pem-
berton 1920 :— Flower golden-yellow
rosettes, in clusters; foliage dark
green. Growth moderate, branching,
free flowering. A. Bu.
Calocarpa (Rug.) :— Flower clear
rose, single ; good foliage. Growth
vigorous. Bu.
.Cambraia (Austrian H.), C. Smith
1920 :— Flower rich deep apricot,
semi-double, free. A sport from
"Mme. Edouard Herriot," with all
its characteristics. Exh.
Camille Bernardin (H.P.), Gautreau
1865 : — Flower bright crimson, good
shape, large, full, blooms freely,
very sweet. Growth vigorous. Exh.
Camoens (H.T.), Schwartz 1881:--
Flower bright rose with yellow base,
free, long pointed buds of good
shape. Growth moderate. Bed.
Canarienvogel (poly pom.), N. Wel-
ter 1903 :— Flower saffron and amber
yellow, spotted rose and purple,
medium, double. Growth dwarf,
erect. But. E.
Canary Bird (S. Briar), Wm. Paul
it Son : — Flower canary yellow,
tinted with crimson, single, medium
size; early flowering. Growth
shrubby habit. Distinct. H. Bu.
Candeur Lyonnaise (H.P.), J. Croi-
bier 1913 : — Flower pure white, some-
times tinted with pale sulphur-
yellow, very large and very full,
elongated bud produced single on
rigid flower stalks. Growth very
vigorous ; very hardy. Exh.
Captain Basroger (Moss) :— Flower
bright velvety crimson. Growth vig-
orous. Bu.
Capitaine Millet (T.), Ketten Bros.
1901:— Flower brilliant carmine lake
on a golden yellow ground, large,
full, fragrant. Growth vigorous. A.
Capitaine Georges Dessirier (H.T.),
Jos. Pernet-Ducher 1919: — Flower
beautiful dark velvetv red, shaded
with crimson, large, full, and globu-
lar; sweetly scented. Growth vigor-
ous, of spreading habit, dark green
: Caprice rouge (Wich), E. Turbat &
Cie. 1915: — Flower crimson-red with
golden yellow anthers on a white
ground, changing to dark blackish
red when fully open, semi-double.
Growth very vigorous, climbing.
Captain Christy (H.P.), Lacharme
1873 .'—Flower soft flesh pink, with
' deeper centre, very large, full, and
i fragrant. Growth bushy, erect,
i hardy. A. Cut. Exh. F. G.
Captain Christy rose fonce (H.P.),
; J. Perrier 1897 : — Flower strawberry
, red, outer petals changing to car-
; mine purple, large and full. Growth
i vigorous, very free flowering. A.
i Cut. F. G. T.
Captain F. Bald (H.T.), Alex. Dick-
: son & Sons 1919 : — Flower deep scar-
', let crimson heavily flushed blackish
' velvety, large, full, of perfectly glo-
; bular imbricated form, delicately
fragrant. Growth vigorous and
! branching; a continuous bloomer,
i especially in autumn. Exh. Cut.
Captain Hay ward (H.P.), Bennett
! 1893 : — Flower pure brilliant cochi-
i neal carmine, very large, full, high
i centred, highly perfumed. Growth
vigorous, very free flowering. A.
I Cut. Exh. F. G. T.
Cardinal (H.T.) :— Flower rich car-
: dinal red, sweetly scented. Growth
1 moderate. A seedling from
" Liberty."
Carelica (Species) : — Flower rose-
; coloured; distinct foliage; bright red
bark. Growth vigorous.
Carine (H.T.), Alex. Dickson & Sons
! 1911 .-—Flower blush buff, shaded and
! flushed orange carmine and coppery
' salmon, buds long and pointed,
: carried on rigid stems, tea-perfumed.
Growth erect, branching, free. Bed.
Cut.
Carissima (Mult, rarab.), Walsh
| 1905 : — Flower delicate flesh colour,
small, and quilled in large bunches.
; Growth vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Caristie Martel, Jos. Pernet-Ducher
j 1916 : — Flower pure sulphur yellow,
deeper in the centre, very large, 5
to 6 inches in diameter, globular,
I with large petals. Growth very
j vigorous, branching. Its enormous
1 size and pure yellow colour without
| any blending make it quite a distinct
Carmen (T.), Dubreuil 1888 :— Flower
rosy salmon, outside of petals flesh,
sweet-scented. Growth very vigor-
ous, climbing. Pil.
Carmine Pillar (Malt, ramb.), Syn.
" Paul's Carmine Pillar," G. Paul
& Son 1895 :— Flower bright rosy car-
mine, large, single. Growth very
368
vigorous, climbing, early flowering.
AT. G. Perg. Pil.
Caroline cl'Artlen (H.P.), Alex. Dick-
son & Sons 1888:— Flower rose Ney-
ron red tinted cochineal carmine,
large, full, fragrant. Growth vigor-
ous, very free. A. Cut. Exh. G. T.
Caroline Testout (H.T.), Jos. Per-
net-Ducher 1890 : — Flower satin rose
with brighter centre, large, full,
gobular. opening well, sweet,
rowth vigorous, erect, free flower-
ing, hardy. A. Cut. Bed. Exh. F.
G. T.
Caroline Kuster (T), Fernet 1872:—
Flower lemon yellow, large, full, of
perfect form. Growth moderate.
Exh.
Carolineana (Species) :— Flower light
pink, single ; fine in Autumn.
Cassimer Moulle (Wich) :— Flower
bright purplish rosy colour, reverse
of petals silvery pink. Growth very
vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Catalunya (H.T.), Aug. Nonin 1917:
— Flower bright purple red. Growth
very vigorous, climbing; free flower-
ing. A sport from " Gruss an Tep-
Catherine Mermet (T.), Guillot fils
1869 : — Flower pale pink, changing to
pale yellowish flesh, edges of petals
tinted lilac rose, very large, full,
imbricated, opening well, very sweet.
Growth vigorous. A. Cut. Exh. F.
Catherine Seyton (S. Briar), Lord
Penzance 1895 :— Flower rosy pink
with golden anthers, single. Growth
very vigorous. Bu. H. S.
Catherine Soupert (H.P.), Lacharme
1879:— Flower clear rose, large,
fairly full, globular. Growth vigor-
ous, hardy.
Catherine Wurtemburg (Moss) :—
Flower deep pink ; well mossed.
Growth vigorous. Bu.
Catherine Zeimet (poly, pom.) :—
Flower white, of good form, very
free, dark green foliage. Growth
dwarf. One of the best. Bed. E.
Cecile Brunner (poly pom.), Ducher
1880:— Flower blush white, shaded
pale rose, small, full, in clusters.
Growth dwarf. G. Bed. E.
Celestial (Alba) :— Flower blush,
glaucous foliage. Growth very vigor-
Celi'a (H.T.) :— Flower' satin pink,
centre deep pink, large, of good
form ; free flowering. Growth vigor-
ous. Cut.
Celina (Moss), Hardy 1855 :— Flower
rich crimson shaded purple, double,
well mossed. Bu.
Celine Forestier (N.), Trouillard
1842 :— Flower amber white tinted
saffron yellow, occasionally washed
pink, medium size, full, flat, very
sweet. Growth very vigorous, climb-
ing. A. B. Cut. Pil.
Ceres (H. Musk) Rev. J. H. Pem-
berton 1914 : — Flower semi-double
blush with yellow shading produced
in corymbs. Perpetual. Growth
vigorous. A. Bu.
Cerisette (C.) :— Flower small, rose-
coloured, in trusses, freely produced.
Foliage almost evergreen. Growth
vigorous. H.
C. E. Shea (H.T.), Elisha J. Hick's
1916:— Flower beautiful clear pink,
perfectly formed. Bed.
Chameleon (H.T.), Alex. Dickson &
Sons 1918:— Flower of pure flame-
edged cerise colour, delicately per-
fumed. Growth very free and
branching. Pot.
Chanedoie (H.C.) :— Flower crimson,
large, double. A fine old rose.
Growth moderate. Pil. Bu.
Charles Crette (H.T.), C. Chambard
1916:— Flower velvety rose, with
shrimp pink centre, large ; fine long
bud. Growth very vigorous, with
few thorns. F.
Charles Darwin (H.P.), Laxton 1879:
— Flc
ed, large, full, of cupped form, im-
bricated, fragrant. Growth vigor-
ous. A. Cut.
Charles de Lapisse (H.T.) :—
Flower pearly write and cream, very
Growth vigor
Charles Dingee (T.), Dingee &
Conard Co. 1911 :— Flower delicate
blending of colours : rose tints in
the centre of flower, gradually shad-
ing off into pale blush and creamy,
double, grandly formed, on stiff
erect stems. Growth vigorous, very
free.
Charles J. Grahame (H.T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1905 :— Flower
Sur
Exh.
Charles K. Douglas (H.T.), Hugh
Dickson 1919 : — Flower intense flam-
ing scarlet, flushed bright velvety
crimson, large, full, and fine form
with pointed buds, freely and abun-
dantly produced right throughout
the season; sweetly scented. Growth
vigorous, upright, with deep green
handsome foliage, mildew proof.
Bed.
Charles Lawson (B.) :— Flower vivid
carmine. Growth vigorous. A fine
pillar variety.
Charles Lefebvre (H.P.), Lacharme
1861:— Flower velvety carmine lake,
shaded purple garnet, large, full,
cupped, imbricated, very sweet.
Growth vigorous. A. Cut. F. G.
Charlotte Chevalier (Pernet), C.
Chambard 1916 :— Sport from the
variety " Arthur R. Goodwin," differ-
369
ing only in colour, which is a dark |
canary yellow.
Charlotte Cillemot (H.T.) :— Flower j
ivory white, with stout petals, imbri- |
rated. Growth vigorous. Kxh.
Charlotte Klemm (C.), Turke 1905: |
— Flower fiery red, semi-double, i
Growth moderate. G.
Charm (H.T.), Wm. Paul & Son
1920: — Flower coppery-yellow; bud
reddish-orange, shaded with pink
and copper, produced in fine up-
standing trusses. Growth vigorous
and free. Bed. Cut.
Charming (H.T.), D. Prior & Son,
Ltd., distributors 1922: — Flower soft
of petals ; free flowering. Growth
vigorous. Very good on standards.
Charles Lamb (H.P.), Wm. Paul
& Son : — Flower bright cerise red ;
Growth vigorous^'
Chateau de Clos Vougeot (H.T.),
Jos. Pernet-Ducher 1908 :— Flower
velvety scarlet, shaded fiery-red,
changing to dark velvety crimson,
changing to dark velvety crimson,
large, full, globular, very sweet.
Growth vigorous, branching. A. Cut.
Exh. G. T.
Chateau d'Ourout (T.), Ketten Bros.
1896 : — Flower deep peach carmine,
full, sweet. Growth vigorous.
Chatillon Rambler (Wich), Aug.
Nonin 1913 :— Flower rose tinted
flesh, with large white centre, large,
semi-double. Growth very vigorous ;
late flowering.
Chedane Cuinoisseau (T.) :— Flower
clear self yellow, small. Growth
moderate. But.
Chedane Cuinnoseaux (Rug.) : —
Flower crimson, borne in panicles,
continuously produced in summer
and autumn. Double flowered. Au-
tumn blooms further enhanced by
bright coral hips succeeding the ear-
lier flowers. Growth vigorous. Bu.
Cheerful (H.T.), S. M'Gredy & Son
1915 :— Flower pure orange flame, the
petal, together with the distinct
orange base, creates a combination
of colour hitherto unknown in roses,
very large and full, of perfect shape
and form. Growth like " Caroline
Testout"; flowering freely and con-
tinuously throughout the whole
Cherry' Page (H.T ) W. Easlea
1914:— Flower brilliant cherry pink
with golden yellow base, large petals,
pointed buds. Growth very vigorous.
G. Bed.
Cheshunt Hybrid (H.T.), Paul and
Son 1875: — Flower cherry-carmine,
large, full, and of good form ; an
Growth ver yvigorous. Pil. ar. W.
Cheshunt Scarlet (H.P.) :— Flower
vivid scarlet crimson, semi-double.
Growth vigorous.
Chin Chin China (C.), Hobbies 1909:
— Flower clear sulphur yellow, free
flowering. Growth moderate.
China Noisette :— Flower pink. A
summer rose, curiously formed, fra-
Chrissie MacKellar (H.T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1913 : — Flower deep
ochry madder, crayoned and veined
crimson carmine, opening to bright
orangy pink with age, semi-double,
Primerose Tea perfumed, buds long
and pointed. Growth vigorous,
branching ; very free. Bed.
Christian Curie (Wich), James
Cocker & Sons 1909 :— Sport of
" Dorothy Perkins," with which it is
in every way identical save colour,
which is a pale flesh pink. Ar. Perg.
Pil. S. W.
Christine (Fernet), S. M'Gredy &
Son 1918 : — Flower deepest and clear-
est golden yellow, perfectly shaped,
with petals of good substance ;
sweetly scented. Growth vigorous ;
deep glossy green mildew-proof foli-
age. Bed. Cut.
Christine de Noue (T.), Guillot 1890:
—Flower carmine lake, shaded
salmon, very large, full, imbricated,
sweet-scented. Growth vigorous. A.
Cut. Exh.
Christine Wright (Wich Ramb.),
Hoopes & Thomas 1903 :— Flower
bright pink, early. Growth very
vigorous, and upright. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Cinderella (Wich) :— Flower deeper
shade of pink than "Lady Gay,"
ends of petals quilled ; double ; late
flowering. Growth vigorous. Ar.
Pil. Perg.
Cineraria (poly pom.) : — Flower pale
salmon red with white eye. Single.
Growth dwarf. Bed. E.
Cinnamonea (Species) : — Flower
large, single, pink, wood brown and
spineless.
Circe (H.T.), Wm. Paul & Son
1916:— Flower flesh white shaded
with carmine, base of petals deep
yellow, large, and full, with hand-
some elongated buds. Exh. Bed.
Cissie Easlea (Fernet), Jos. Pernet-
Ducher 1913:— Flower clear saffron
yellow, with carmine centre, passing
to Naples yellow when expanding,
very large, full, and globular; buds
pale buff shaded bright carmine.
Growth vigorous ; of erect branching
habit with few thorns and green
bronzed foliage. Exh. Bed.
Claire Andruejol (H.T.). A. Schwartz
920:— Flower pale pink tinted car-
ine, large, full. Growth very
free blooming.
370
Claire Carnot (N.), Guillot 1873:—
Flower Indian yellow edged Japan-
ese yellow and bright pink, changing
full, fragrant. Growth
Claire Jacquier (Malt, ramb.), Ber-
naix 1887:— Flower nankeen yellow,
small, double, produced in trusses.
Growth vigorous, climbing. Ar.
Clara Curtis (T.), Alex. Dickson &
Sons 1921 :— Flower deep bright and
golden yellow, large and full, rich
tea perfume ; grand foliage. Growth
vigorous. Exh. Cut.
Clara Watson (H.T.), G. Prince
1894 : — Flower mother of pearl white,
with peach coloured centre, large,
full, globular, fragrant. Growth
. ' & p t p *• T
Clare d'e Escofet ' (H'.T.), Walter
Easlea 1920 :— Flower of delicate
flesh white, large, and of high-cen-
tred form, carried erect. Growth
vigorous. Exh. Bed.
Clarice Coodacre (H.T.), Alex. Dick-
son & Sons 1916 : — A rose of tan-
gerine orange perfume ; its perfectly
spiral globular formed blooms are
three-quarter zoned biscuit-chrome
on ivory white stiff petals ; long
Eointed buds carried on erect rigid
ower stalks. Vigorous and erect
wood festooned with ideal H. T.
foliage. Exh. Bed.
Claude Jacquet (H.P.), Liabaud
1892 :— Flower deep carmine purple,
vigorous. Exh.
Claudius (H.T.). B. R. Cant & Son
1910:— Flower carmine rose, large
and full ; fragrant ; free flowering.
Growth vigorous. A Bed. Cut. Exh
Clementina Carbonieri (T.), G. Bon-
figlioli 1913:— Flower clear violet
rose, elongated bud of fine form
and of superb bright pale buff
colouring, outer petals shaded violet
rose, base of petals saffron yellow.
Growth vigorous.
Clement Pacaud (H.T.), C. Cham-
bard 1916 :— Flower brilliant carmine,
large. Growth vigorous ; flowering
continuously.
Cleopat
Climbing American Beauty (H.P.) :—
Flower crimson, borne on erect
stems ; free flowering. Growth
very vigorous. Pil.
Climbing Belle Siebrecht (H.T.),
\Vm. Paul & Son 1899 :— A strong
growing form of " Belle Siebrecht."
Very valuable for climbing and
massing.
Climbing Captain Christy (H.P.),
Ducher soeurs 1881 : — A climbing
which it sported. Most distinct.
A. B. Pil.
Climbing Capt. Hayward (H.P.) :— A
fine climbing form of the old fa-
vourite, " Captain Hayward."
Climbing Caroline Testout (H.T.).
Chauvry 1901 : — A climbing form of
this popular Rose.
Climbing Catherine Mermet
(T.), Frank Cant & Co. 1912:—
Flower deep pink, in every respect
similar to " Catherine Mermet," of
which it is a sport. Growth very
vigorous, of very strong climbing
habits. Exh. F. W.
Climbing Cecil Brunner (Mult.
Ramb.) : — A strong climber of this
well-known variety. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Climbing Chateau de Clos Vougeot
(H.T.), H. Morse 1920 :-Flower deep
crimson, shaded, velvety, scarlet and
fiery red, full and globular ; opens
well. Growth very vigorous, mildew
proof. One of the best climbers.
Ar. Pil. W.
Climbing Chatenay (H.T.), W. Eas-
with deeper centre, reflexed petals,
Ex'h. CAr. °Pi" "w.
Climbing Clara Watson (H.T.) :— A
strong climbing variety of this well-
known rose.
Climbing Cramoisie Superieure (C.),
Hugh Dickson 1912 -.—Flower rich
crimson, semi-double. A climbing
sport from " Cramoise Superieure."
Pil
Climbing Crimson (C.) .—Flower deep
purple. Climber of old " Crimson
China."
Climbing Devoniensis (T.), Pavitt
1858:— Flower creamy white with
Flower creamy flesh, buds long and
pointed, petals thick, opening well.
Growth moderate. Exh.
Cleveland (H.T.), Hugh Dickson
1916 :— Flower deep coppery yellow at
the base of the petals, which are
heavily flushed reddish copper on
old rose, large and full, of exquisite
form, produced freely and continu-
ously throughout the_ season.
Growth
with large and very handsome foli-
age, which is mildew proof.
nd fi
early flowering. Growth very vigor-
ous. Ar. Perg. W.
Climbing Glory of Cheshunt (H.P.) :
— Flower deep crimson. Growth
vigorous. Pil.
Climbing H. V. Machin (H.T.).
Hugh Dickson 1919 :— A vigorous
climbing sport of this well known
Rose. A climbing novelty of the
greatest value, as, unlike many
duced in great profusion, and the
plant is strong, clean, and fixed.
371
Climbing Irish Fireflame (H.T.),
Alex. Dickson & Sons 1916 :— Flower
fiery orange, large, single. Identical
in all respects with " Irish Fire-
flame," save habit of growth, which
is vigorous. Ar. Pil. VV.
Climbing Jessie (Mult. Ramb.) :— A
variety. Exceedingly vigorous.
Flowers in clusters of a brilliant red.
Ar. Pi!. Perg.
Climbing Joseph Lowe (H.T.) :— A
salmon pink. Growth vigorous.
Free flowering. Ar. Pil.
Climbing Kaiserin Augusta Victoria
(II. T.), Alex. Dickson & Sons 1897:—
A climbing type of this well-known
variety. Ar. Cut. F. Perg. Pil.
Climbing Killarney (H.T.) :— A
Climbing Madame Jules Crolez
(H.T.), A. Gamon 1911 :— A climbing
form of this well-known variety.
Climbing Maman Cochet (T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1916 :— Flower deep
flesh shaded fawn and rose, large
and full. Growth very vigorous.
Bud sport from " Maman Cochet."
\V.
Climbing Marquise tie Sinety (H.T.),
J.-C. Griffon 1912:— A \vell-defined
climbing form of this variety.
Climbing Melanie Soupert (H.T.),
BurreH 1914 : — Flower pale sunset
yellow, tinted with amethyst, large.
Growth vigorous. Exh. G. Bed. P.
Climbing Mrs. Wm. H. Cutbush
(Mult, ramb.), The Boskoop Nurs-
eries 1911 : — A climbing form of
" Mrs. Wm. H. Cutbush," from which
known beautiful rose " Killarney."
Climbing La France (H.T.), Render- |
son 1894:— Flower silvery rose |
shaded pale lilac, large and full,
free. Growth very vigorous. One
of the best climbers amongst the
H.T.'s. Exh. Pil. Ar. Perg. W.
Climbing Lady Ashtown (H.T.),
Bradley 1909 :— Flower pure deep
pink, large and full, free. Growth
very vigorous, in all respects like
the dwarf variety from which it
sported. Ar. Pil. Perg. W.
Climbing Louise Catherine Breslau
<H T.) :— Climbing sport of "Louise
Catherine Breslau. ' Flower of
larjrer size, same colour as the nor-
mal type, produced in great profu-
fusion. Growth very vigorous. Ar.
Climbing Lady Hillingdon (T.),
Elisha T. Hick's 1917 :— A climbing
sport of the variety of same name.
Climbing Lady Mary Beauclerc
(H.T.) :— Flower rose pink. Growth
vigorous. F. W.
Climbing Lady Waterlow (H.T.):—
Sport from dwarf variety " Lady i
Waterlow." Similar in all respects,
except growth. Ar. Pil. W.
Climbing Liberty (H.T.), H. B. May j
1908:— Flower bright velvety crimson,
large, with long pointed buds, free.
Growth vigorous. A sport of dwarf
variety. Best grown as a pillar rose.
But.
Climbing Lieut. Chaure (II. T.), Fair-
ley 1920 :— Flower rich velvety crim-
son shaded garnet-red, deep petals,
cupped with long buds. Growth
vigorous. A bud sport from " Lieut.
Chaure"; fragrant. Ar. Pil.
Climbing Madame Abel Chatenay
(H.T.), Walter Easlea 1917 :— A
climbing sport of the rose of same
name, producing growth of seven to
«ight feet in one season.
Climbing Mrs. W. J. Grant (H.T.),
Wm. Paul & E. G. Hill 1899 :— Flower
deep rosy pink, large and full.
Sport of dwarf variety. Growth
vigorous, free flowering. Exh. F.
Climbing Niphetos (T.), Keynes
1889:— A climbing form of this well-
known variety ; very free flowering.
Climbing Ophelia (H.T.), Alex. Dick-
son & Sons 1920:— In all respects
excepting growth, identical with the
normal type, of which there is not
any rose that will produce through-
out the entire season a greater
number of perfect blooms.
Climbing Orleans-Rose (Mult,
ramb.), Levavasseur & fils 1913:—
In all respects, excepting growth,
identical with the type from which
it sported. Growth vigorous, of true
climbing character; perpetual flower-
ClTmbing Papa Contier (T.), Chav-
ner 1903 :— A climbing form of this
well-known variety. Vigorous.
Climbing Paul Lede (H.T.), Stuart
Low & Co. 1913:— A well defined
climbing form of this well-known
variety. Vigorous.
Climbing Perle des Jardins (T.),
Henderson 1891 :— Flower canary
chrome to straw and creamy yellow,
large and double, free. Growth
Climbing Pride of Waltham (H.T.) :
-Flower salmon. Good foliage.
Growth vigorous. Pil. W.
Climbing Richmond (H.T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1912 :— In all res-
pects, excepting growth, identical
with the normal type, from which it
sported. Growth vigorous and of
true climbing character.
Climbing S. H. Rodocanachi (H.P.):
—Climbing sport of the dwarf
variety. Growth vigorous. Pil.
372
long and pointed. Growth vigorous,
very free. Cut. A. Exh. F. G. T.
Common China (C.), Parsons 1796:—
Flower china pink. Growth vigorous,
continuous blooming, known as the
"Old Monthly." Bed. G. H.
Common Moss (Moss), - 1596:—
Flower pale rose, summer flowering,
Growth vigorous. The best pink
Common Provence (Prov.) 1596:—
Flower rosy pink. Summer flower-
ng ; very ragrant ;
old " cabbage " r
ge " rose Growth
vigorous. G. Bu.
Common Sweetbriar (S. Briar) :—
Flower pale pink, early summer
flowering, fragrant foliage. Bu. H.
Complicate (Species) :— Flower clear
rose in umbels. Small obate foliage.
Growth erect, attaining five feet in
height. A fine free fruiting kind.
Comte Chandon (T.), Soupert & Not-
ting 1894:— Flower clear citron
yellow, large, full. Growth vigorous.
A. Cut. T.
Comte de Paris (H.P.), Leveque
1886 : — Flower crimson, changing to
carmine purple, large, full, and
sweet. Growth vigorous.
Comte de Raimbaud (H.P.), Roland
18B7:— Flower rich velvety crimson,
large and imbricated. Growth mode-
rate. Exh.
Comte de Rochmur (H.T.) :— Flower
fiery scarlet-tinted vermilion, large,
era'te. Exh.
Comtesse Barbantanne (B.) :—
Flower flesh colour, large, full, fine
form, free Growth vigorous.
Comtesse Cecile de Forton (T.), Cle-
ment Nabonnand 1916: — Flower pale
rosy pink, changing to pale lilac
rose on a golden yellow base, re-
verse of petals peach blossom, of
very large size, full, of cupped form,
carried erect ; sweetly scented.
Growth very vigorous, climbing.
Comtesse d'Ansembourg (H.T.), M.
Leenders & Co. 1918 :— Flower waxy
white, changing to lemon and rosy
yellow when opening, very large, full,
of good substance. Grovyth vigor-
ous, branching ; free flowering. Exh.
Bed. Cut.
Comtesse de Breteuil (T.), Jos. Per-
net-Ducher 1892 .-—Flower outer
petals rosy salmon, centre shaded
apricot peach rose, large, full, sweet.
Growth vigorous. A. Cut. Exh. T.
Comtesse de Cassagne (H.T.), P.
Guillot 1919 : — Flower of varying
colour; rich coppery pink shaded
clear rose, occasionally comes quite
yellow, very large, of fine form,
sweetly perfumed; bud elongated.
Growth very vigorous, free, and con-
I tiriuous flowering, with glossy green
foliage. Gar. Cut.
i Comtesse de Festetics Hamilton
j (T.) .'—Flower carmine, with copper
I centre. Growth moderate.
Comtesse de Frigneuse (T.), Guil-
lot 1885:— Flower canary yellow,
large, full, opening well, fragrant.
Growth vigorous. A. Cut. F. T.
Comtesse de Ludre (H.P.), E.
Verdier 1880 :— Flower bright crim-
son, large, well shaped, early.
Growth moderate. Exh.
Comtesse de Murinaise (Moss),
Vibert 1843:— Flower white shaded
blush, large and open, well mossed.
Growth vigorous. Bu.
Comtesse de Nadaillac (T.), Guillot
1871 : — Flower a mixture of peach.
prcot and bronzy yellow; a really
Growt
Exh.
fine tea rose.
th moderate.
Comtesse de Saxe (T.), Soupert &
Netting 1904 : — Flower porcelain
white, centre lightly shaded yellow,
large, very full. Growth vigorous,
very free. F.
Comtesse de Turenne:— See Mme.
Wagram Comtesse de Turenne.
Comtesse du Cayla (C.), Guillot
1902 : — Flower nasturtium red to
orange yellow, double, variable in
colour. Growth vigorous. Bed. Bu.
G.
Comtesse Felicie Hoyos (H.T.), Sou-
pert & Netting 1911 : — Flower very
clear salmon yellow, centre rosy
copper with vivid carmine, large.
In the style of " Prince de Bul-
garie."
Comtesse Icy Hardegg (H.T.), Sou-
pert & Netting 1907:— Flower glow-
ing carmine, very large, full, elon-
fated bud. Growth vigorous, very
oriferous. A. Cut. G.
Comtesse Riza du Pare (T.),
Schwartz 1876 : — Flower china rose
on a coppery yellow ground, medium,
full, opening well, sweetly scented.
Growth vigorous. A. Cut. F. G. T.
Confucius (C.) :— Flower deep rose,
full, fragrant. Growth moderate.
Conrad Ferdinand Meyer (rug.), Dr.
Miiller-Weingarten 1899 :— Flower
bright silvery rose, very large, full,
well formed, very sweet. Growth
H. G.
Constance (Fernet), Jos. Pernet-
Ducher 1915 :— Flower of beautiful
cadmium yellow colouring passing
to golden yellow, large, full, of
globular form ; the buds are long
pointed, orange-yellow streaked with
carmine. Growth vigorous, free,
branching, perpetual flowering; foli-
age glossy green.
Constance Casson (Pernet), B. R.
Cant & Sons 1920 :— Flower rich
373
Climbing Snow Queen (H.P.), Lam-
bert 1900 : — Flower pure snow white,
large and full, outward petals some-
times shaded pink. A sport of
" Frau Karl Druschki " (renamed
" Snow Queen "). Growth moderate.
Pil.
Climbing Souvr. tie la Malmaison
(B.) : — A strong climbing variety of
this good old well-known rose.
Climbing Souv. de Pierre Netting
Son 1873 : — Flower cherry-carmine,
Growth very vigorous. Pil. Ar. W.
(T.), Frank Cant & Co. 1913:—
Flower apricot-yellow blended with
coppery yellow, very large perfect
shape, sweetly scented, foliage dark
green and glossy ; summer and
autumn flowering. Growth vigorous,
free from mildew; south or west
wall.
Climbing Sunburst (H.T.), Stuart
Low & Co. 1914:— A vigorous climb-
ing sport of the well-known variety
of same name ; early and late
Climbing' Triomphant d'Orleanaise
(poly pom.), Tromow 1919: — Flower
brilliant scarlet, semi-double. Bud
sport from " Triomphe d'Orlean-
Climbing Victor Verdier (H.P.) :—
Flower rose colour. Growth vigor-
ous. Pil. W.
Climbing White Maman Cochet (T.),
Dingee & Conard Co. : — A climbing
form of this grand rose, possessing
al! its qualities.
Climbing White Pet (Mult, rarab.),
Corboeuf 1894 :— Flower pure white,
small, in trusses. Growth vigorous.
Ar. Pil. Perg.
Clio (H.P.), Wm. Paul & Son 1894:
— Flower flesh colour, shaded in
full, of fine form, with poSnted
centre, opening well. Growth very
vigorous and free flowering. A.
Bed. Cut. F. G. T.
Cloth of Gold (N.), Coquereau 1843:
—Flower creamy white with yellow
centre, large and globular, tender.
Growth vigorous.
Clotilde Soupert (T.), Soupert & Not-
ting 1889:— Flower yellowish white,
centre rosy, large for its class, very
double, globular, imbricated, very
fragrant. Growth moderate, hardy.
E. F. G. P. T.
Clotilde Soupert (poly pom.), A. Level
1883 : — Flower carmine purple, with
clearer centre, large, very full.
Growth very vigorous, semi-climbing.
Pil.
Clytemnestra (H. Musk), Rev. T H.
Pemberton 1915 :— Flower copper to
chamois yellow, in clusters. Growth
vigorous. Bed. Bu.
Cmdt. Beaurepaire (D.), Moreau-
Robert 1875 :— Flower bright rose
striped purple and white, open, glo-
bular. Growth vigorous. G.
Cmdt. Felix Faure (H.P.), Boutigny
1902:— Flower dark crimson flushed
vermilion, globular; colour constant,
very fragrant. Growth vigorous. G.
Colcestria (H.T.), B. R. Cant & Sons
1916 : — Flower satin rose in the
centre, shading off to silver pink in
the outer petals, which are beau-
tifully reflexed, large and full, pos-
sessing a most delightful perfume.
Growth strong, climbing, with good
stout foliage of a light green shade,
and retained well in winter. Cli.
Colette Martinet (H.T.), Jos. Pernet-
Ducher 1915 :— Flower beautiful old
gold shaded with orange-yellow,
medium size, not too full, globular;
long golden buds. Growth vigorous,
branching ; reddish green foliage.
Bed.
Colleen (H.T.), S. M'Gredy & Son
1914 : — Brilliant rose-shaded pink,
large and open, long buds, large
full flowers. Growth vigorous. Bed.
Exh.
Colonel Leclerc (H.T.), Jos. Pernet-
Ducher 1909 : — Flower cherry-red
washed with carmine lake, large,
fairly full and globular, produced
singly. Growth vigorous, free flower-
ing. A. Cut. Exh. G. T.
Colonel Oswald Fitzgerald (H.T.),
Alex. Dickson & Sons 1917 :— -Flower
blood red velvety crimson, blooms
produced in great profusion on erect
stems; tea perfume. Growth vigor-
ous and branching.
Col. R. S. Williamson (H.T.) :—
Flower white, blush centre. Growth
vigorous. Exh.
Columbia (H.T.), E. G. Hill Co.
1919:— Flower true pink, of the
shade of " Mrs. George Shawyer,"
deepening as it opens to glowing
pink, produced on long, stiff stems ;
fragrant. It is a free grower, with
beautiful foliage. Cut.
Commandant L. Bartre (H.T.), A.
Schwartz 1919 :— Flower dark red
carmine, tinted brilliant pink, central
petals crimpled, large and full, of
beautiful form, opening well; frag-
rant. Growth vigorous; free flower-
CoSmmandant Marchand (T.), Puy-
ravaud 1899 : — Flower succmum
yellow, with salmon coloured centre,
outer petals creamy yellow, very
large, full, sweet-scented. Growth
vigorous, semi-climbing.
Commandeur Jules Cravereaux
(H.P.), J. Croibier 1908 :— Flower
slightly shaded with maroon, large
dazzlini* velvety fiery red, centre
and full, paeony-like, very sweet, bud
374
carmine, flushed and veined with
apricot and coppery yellow, large
and globular. Growth strong and
branching, with glossy mildew proof
foliage. Exh. Bed.
Coquina (Wich) :— Flower pale pink,
Growth vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Cora (C.), Veuve Schwartz 1898:—
Flower clear yellow tinted with
salmon rose and carmine, medium,
full. Growth vigorous, free flower-
ing. A.
Coral Cluster (poly pom.), R. Mur-
rell 1921:— Flower pale coral pink
to soft salmon pink, perfectly
formed, free, in large clusters.
Growth vigorous. Bed. P.
Coralie (Wich), VVm. Paul & Son
1919 .-—Flower of the colour of
Growth vigorous, climbing. A
" Lyon-Rose," coral-red changing to
deep pink, large for its class, double,
distinct rambling variety.
Corallina (T.), W. Paul & Son 1900:
— Flower deep coral red, large
petals, pointed buds. Growth vigor-
ous, good standard. G. Bed.
Cordelia (Mult, ramb.), W. Paul
& Son 1915 : — Flower coppery to
lemon yellow clusters, fragrant.
Vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Cornelia (H.T.), Robert Scott & Son
1920 : — Flowers medium size and very
double. The bud is a beautiful
salmon-pink. Base of petals bright
orange. Vigorous.
Cornells Timmermans (H.T.), Jos.
Timmermans 1919 : — Flower soft
pink with yellow, very large, full,
sweetly scented. Growth vigorous,
bushy, free flowering.
Coronation (Wich ramb.), Turner
1912 : — Flower scarlet crimson
splashed with white, double, in large
trusses. Growth vigorous, climber.
Ar. Perg.
Coronation (H.P.), Hugh Dickson
1913:— Flower pale rose to shrimp
pink, large and globular. Growth
vigorous, erect. Exh. Bu.
Coronet (poly pom.), W. Paul & Son
1912 .'—Flower yellow shaded with
rose, free, in trusses. Bed.' E.
Countess Annesley (H.T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1905 : — Flower rosy
salmon suffused with old goM.
Growth moderate, fragrant. Exh.
Countess Cairns (H.T.) :— Flower
bright pink, large, of great width.
bright pnk, large, o gre
Scented. Growth vigorous.
Countess Clanwilliam (H.T.), Hugh
Dickson 1914 : — Flower delicate peach
pink at the base of the petals, which
are flamed and edged with deep
cherry red, large and full ; buds
long and pointed. Growth strong,
vigorous, upright wood.
Countess of Caledon (H.T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1897: — Flower car-
mine rose, large petals. Growth
erect vigorous, scented, semi-globu-
lar. Exh.
Countess of Derby (H.T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1905 :— Flower flesh
peach, large and free. Growth
vigorous, free flowering. G. Exh.
Countess of Cosford (H.T.). S.
M'Gredy & Son 1906 :— Flower
salmon pink suffused with saffron
yellow, free, early. Growth vigor-
Countess of llchester (H.T.) :—
Flower warm crimson carmine.
Growth vigorous. Bed. Cut.
Countess of Lonsdale (H.T.), Hugh
Dickson 1919: — Flower deep cadmium
yellow, of medium size and fine form,
full and freely produced ; sweetly
scented. Growth free, vigorous,
branching ; foliage deep bronzy red
in the voung state. Bed.
Countess of Oxford (H.P.), Guillot
p. 1869:— Flower strawberry red,
passing to brilliant cochineal car-
mine, large, full, of fine form.
Growth vigorous, hardy. A. Cut.
Exh. F. G.
Countess of Roden (H.T.) :— Flower
a clear glistening, glowing pink, of
fine form and substance. Growth
Countess of Shaftesbury (H.T.),
Hugh Dickson 1909 :— Flower silvery
carmine with picotee edging.
Growth vigorous, free and branch-
ing, mildew proof. Exh. G. P. Bu.
Countess of Warwick (H.T.), Walter
Easlea 1919 : — Flower lemon yellow,
beautifully edged with pink. Growth
erect and robust. Exh. Bed.
Coupe d'Heb6 (H.C.) :— Flower pale
rose pink. A fine old-fashioned rose ;
free flowering. Growth moderate.
Courtney Page (H.T.), S. M'Gredy
& Son 1921 :— Flower rich velvety
crimson, large, full, perfect form ore
long stalks, fragrant. Growth vi-
gorous. Exh.
Covent Garden (H.T.), B. R. Cant
& Sons 1919 :— Flower rich deep crim-
son, with plum-black flushes on
reverse of petals, well-formed, borne
perfectly upright on stout stems.
Growth branching, glossy foliage
free from mildew; free flowering.
One of the best crimson autumnal
roses for bedding purposes yet intro-
duced. F. Cut.
Cramoisie Superieure (C.), Plantier
1834 :— Flower a rich crimson semi-
double, in large clusters. Growth
Crepuscle (N.) :— Flower deep cop-
per yellow with pink shading; free
flowering; self-climbing habit.
Growth vigorous. But. Pil. S.
Crested Moss Rose (Moss), Kirche
& Vibert 1827 :— Flower rosy pink.
375
paler edges, serai-double. moss
crested sepals. Growth vigorous.
Crimson Chatenay (H.T.), H. Merry-
weather & Sons 1915:— Very similar
to the favourite variety, " Madame
Abel Chatenay," from which it is a
seedling; the colour is a beautiful
bright crimson, fragrant. Cut.
Crimson China (C.), T. Evans 1810:
—Flower deep velvety crimson.
Growth moderate. E. G.
Crimson Damask (D.), Turner 1901:
—Flower bright crimson, semi-single,
Crimson Emblem (H.T.).'s. M'Gredy
& Sons 1916 :— Flower brilliant, daz-
zling crimson scarlet, perfect in
shape and form, with fine long stems
for cutting; delightfully sweet-
scented. Growth vigorous, free
blooming, mildew proof.
Crimson Clobe (Moss) :— Flower
deep crimson, large and full crested,
beautifully mossed. Growth vigor-
ous. Bu But.
Crimson Monthly (C.) :— See " Cra-
Crimson Queen (H.P.), VVm. Paul
& Son:-Flower velvety crimson
shaded with fiery red and maroon,
large, globular, fine foliage. Growth
vigorous.
Crimson Rambler (Mult, ramb.),
Japan. Introduced by Ch. Turner
in 1894:— Flower bright crimson,
medium, double, produced in large
pyramidal trusses. Growth vigorous,
climbing, late flowering. Ar. Perg.
Cristata (Moss). Kirche 1827:—
lar ; ; very fragrant. Growth mode-
rate. Well mossed and very pretty.
Crown Prince (H.P.), W. M. Paul
and Son 1880 :— Flower velvety purple,
full, opening well ; beautiful buds ;
free. Growth vigorous. Good foli-
age. Exh.
Crusader (H.T.), Alex. Montgomery
1919:— Flower rich velvety crimson,
large, full, good form, petals nicely
reflexed at the edges. Growth vigor-
ous and branching; free flowering.
Cumberland Belle (Moss) .—Flower
silvery rose. Growth very vigorous.
Cupid (H.T.), B. R. Cant & Sons
1915 : — Flower pale peach flesh,
large, single, in clusters. Growth
very vigorous ; light green foliage,
very large ; summer. Bu. Pil.
C. V. Haworth (H.T.), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1917: — Flower intense black
cerise, large, full, imbricated in form
and very freely and continuously
produced, deliciously perfumed,
petals of great substance. Growth
vigorous, branching.
Cyclope (poly pom.) .-—Flower car-
mine purple, rayed with white.
Growth dwarf. Bed. E.
Cynthia (H.T.), W. Paul & Son
1909 r—Flower pale lemon to creamy
yellow, fine form, large. Growth
vigorous Bed. Cut.
Cynthia Forde (H.T.), Hugh Dick-
son 1909:— Flower brilliant rose-pink.
Growth vigorous, free and branch-
ing. Exh. Bed. G.
Mall (Fernet.), Fernet Duche-
1913: -See "Mme. Edouard Hen-
riot."
Dainty (T.) :— Wm. Paul & Son:—
Flower primrose yellow, with yolk
of egg centres, petals edged and
tipped carmine; medium. Vigorous
growth.
Dainty (H.T.), Hugh Dickson 1921:
— Flower rosy apricot, tinted cherry
pink ; glossy foliage. Growth mod-
erate. G.
Daisy Brazileir (Mult. ramb.). E.
Turbat & Cie. 1918 :— Flower fire red
and purple red with prominent
yellow stamens. Growth vigorous,
erect climbing.
Daisy Hill (Rug.) :— Flower rich crim-
son, beautifully shaped buds ; very
distinct. Growth vigorous. Bu.
Damask Kezanlik (D.) :-The variety
from which the celebrated B .i'.- arias-
A tar of Roses is made.
Damascena (Species) :— Flower red,
double, very sweetly scented.
Growth vigorous.
Dana6 (H.T.), Rev. Pemberton 1913:
—Flower soft yellow, semi-double, in
clusters, perpetual flowering.
Growth very vigorous.
Daniel Lacombe (Ayr) :— Flower
white, yellow centre. ; very free.
Growth very vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Daphne (H. Musk), Rev. Pemberton.
1912 : — Flower pink, clusters, per-
petual flowering. Growth vigorous.
David McKee (H.T.) :— Flower deep
orange and chrome. Growth vigor-
David Pradel (T.),' Pradel 1851:—
Flower clear lilac rose, base of
petals yellow, large, full, opening
well. Growth vigorous.
David R. Williamson (H.P.), Wm.
Paul & Son :— Flower soft rich car-
good size and form, freely pro-
duced; fragrant. Growth vigorous.
C. W. Cowan (H.T.), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1912 .-—Flower warm carmine
Dawn (H.T.) :— Flower soft blush,
with golden anthers. Growth vigor-
ous. Bu. Pil.
376
Daybreak (H.N.), Rev. J. H.
Pemberton 1918 :— Flower golden yel-
low, semi-single, perpetual flowering.
Growth vigorous. Bu.
Dean Hole (H.T.), Alex. Dickson &
Sons 1904 : — Flower silvery carmine,
shaded salmon, large, full, fine form,
high-centred. Growth vigorous,
branching, very free flowering. Exh.
Cut. F.
Debutante (Wich), Walsh 1905:—
Flower soft light pink, rosettes in
clusters, very double, scented.
Growth very vigorous. Ar. Pil.
Perg.
De Candolle (Wich), Robichon 1913:
— Flower deep yellow to salmon yel-
low, large trusses, free flowering.
Growth very vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Delicata (Rug.) :— Flower soft rose;
large, double. Very free. Continu-
De la Crifferaie (Mult. Ramb., dou-
ble) : — Flower deep rose, changing
to blush ; double. Growth very vig-
orous. Pil.
De Meux (Moss) :— Flower blush,
centre pale pink, full. Growth
dwarf. Well mossed.
Delight (Wich), Dr. Williams 1913:
—Flower rose-carmine with white
centre, single, in large trusses, free
flowering, resembling a sweet briar.
Very vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Deschamps (N.) :— Flower bright
carmine. Medium size. Flowers
produced in great profusion.
Growth vigorous. Pil. W.
Desire Bergera (Wich), Barbier 1912:
— Flower coppery-yellow, double, in
small trusses, freely produced. Very
vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Desprez a Fleurs Jaunes (N.) :—
Flower red, buff and sulphur, vari-
able ; very sweet. Growth vigorous.
Deuil de Paul Fontaine (Moss), Fon-
taine 1873:— Flower purple, shaded
crimson red, large, full. Growth
vigorous, G. T.
Deuil du Colonel Denfert (H.P.),
Margottin p. 1878 : — Flower velvety
purple garnet, large, full, sweet.
Growth vigorous. A. Cut.
Deutsche Hoffnung (H.T.), Herm.
Kiese & Co. 1920 .-—Flower salmon
yellow, passing to apricot yellow
when opening, large, borne single
on long and stiff stems. Growth
vigorous, handsome glossy green
foliage.
Devoniensis (T.) :— Flower white,
with yellow tinge and blush centre ;
large, full. Growth vigorous.
Dinah (H.T.), Wm. Paul & Son
1920:— Buds and open flowers rich
ceep crimson, with darker shading;
free flowering. Bed.
Diabola (Wich), Fauque 1908:—
Flower dark glowing crimson, large,
with golden stamens, semi-single,
early flowering. Growth very vigor-
ous. Ar. Perg.
Docteur Felix Cuyon (T.), A. Mari
1901 : — Flower yellowish salmon
shaded rosy salmon, large, full,
sweet. Growth vigorous. A. G.
Docteur Grill (T.), Bonnaire 1885:—
Flower coppery yellow in the centre,
shading to clear rose, large, full,
sweet-scented. Growth vigorous,
free flowering. A. Cut. F. G. T.
Docteur Mulette (H.T.), Ketten
Bros. 1903:— Flower coppery maize
yellow, changing to Naples yellow,
very large, full, fragrant, opening
well. Growth vigorous, free. A.
Cut. G.
Docteur Pouleur (T.), Ketten Bros.
1897:— Flower varies; aurora with
coppery red centre, outer petals
striped carmine, large, full, sweet.
Growth vigorous. A.
Docteur Ricaud (poly pom.) :— Flower
rosy salmon, shaded copper; very
free. Growth dwarf. Bed. E.
Dolly Varden, G. Paul 1914:—
Flower light apricot-pink, with rosy
flesh centre, cupped.
Dometille Becar (Gallica) :— Flower
flesh colour, striped with rose.
Growth moderate.
Donald Macdonald (H.T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1916 :— Flower in-
tensely orange carmine, full, medium
sized; tea-perfumed. Growth per-
fect. A good bedder and a very
attractive decorative variety.
Donna Maria : — Everyman rose.
Flower pure white, small, double.
Growth very vigorous. Ar. Pil.
Perg.
Dora (T.), Wm. Paul & Son :—
Flower peach, with deeper centres,
changing to silvery blush. Very
large ; full. Growth vigorous.
Dora Hansen (H.T.), O. Jacobs
1910 : — Flower bright rose, very large,
long stems. Growth vigorous and
free. Cut. F.
Dora Van Tets (H.T.), Leenders
1912:— Flower glowing crimson, with
velvety shading, senti-double, free
flowering. Vigorous.
Dorothy (T.) :— Flower bright flush,
shading to a delicate blush. Growth
Dorothy Dennison (Wich), Alex,
Dickson & Sons 1908 :— Flower palest
shell pink, large trusses. Sport
from " Dorothy Perkins." Very vig-
orous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Dorothy Jeavons (Mult. ramb.),
Bakers 1912 : — Flower pure white,
large trusses, free flowering, mid-
season. Sport from " Blush Ram-
bler." Growth very vigorous. Ar.
Pil. Perg.
377
Dorothy Page Roberts (H.T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1907 .-—Flower cop-
pery pink, suffused apricot yellow,
very large, fairly full, elongated bud
opening well. Growth vigorous.
Dorothy Perkins (Wich), Perkins
1902 :— Flower rich rose pink, small,
double, very sweet, produced in large
clusters. Growth very vigorous,
climbing, late flowering; bright
glossy green foliage. Ar. H. Perg.
Dorothy Radcliffe, McGrady 1911:—
Flower coral-red, shaded yellow and
fawn. Free.
Dornroschen (H.T.), N. Welter 1907:
— Flower lemon yellow, edged and
shaded china rose, medium, full,
fragrant. Growth vigorous.
Double Pink Killarney (H.T.) : An
improved " Killarney."
Dowager Countess of Roden (H.T.),
W. Paul 1919 :— Flower bright silvery
pink, large and full, free. Growth
vigorous. Exh. G.
Dr. Andry (H.P.), Verdier 1864:—
Flower bright crimson, fragrant,
large cupped. Growth vigorous.
Dr. G. Kriiger (H.T.), E. Ulbrich ;
introduced by H. Kiese & Co. 1913:
— Flower bright crimson, large, very
full, perfumed ; long bud opening
well. Growth vigorous, upright. F.
Dr. Henri Neuprez, Easlea 1920:—
Flower canary yellow, large.
Dr. J. Campbell-Hall (H.T.) :—
Flower coral pink, suffused white,
base of petals yellow, large, well
formed. Growth moderate.
Dr. Joseph Drew (H.T.), Walter
Easlea 1918 :— Flower salmon yellow,
richly suffused with pink. Growth
free, sweetly scented. Exh. G.
Dr. William Cordon (H.P.) :— Flower
brilliant satin pink, large, full,
scented. Growth vigorous.
Dr. O'Donel Browne (H.T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1908 :— Flower car-
mine-rose, large, full. Vigorous.
Dr. Rouges (T.), Veuve Schwartz
1894:— Flower red with coppery-yel-
low centre, like a cactus dahlia, free
flowering. Very vigorous.
Dr. Valere Beaumez (T.), Ketten
Bros. 1904 : — Flower carmine purple,
stippled and striped rosy white,
large, full, sweet-scented. Growth
vigorous. Distinct.
Dr. W. Van Fleet (Wich), P. Hen-
derson & Co. 1910:— Flower flesh
pink on the outer surface, deepening
to rosy flesh in the centre, large,
full and double, scented. Growth
Ducher \C.), Ducher 1869 :— Flower
pure white and free flowering.
Growth vigorous.
d'Abrantes (Moss) :— Flower
deep rose, well mossed. Growth
vigorous. Bu.
Duchess of Abercorn (H.T.), Hugh
Dickson 1919: — Flower creamy white,
flushed and tinted bright rose at
edges of petals, which are reflexed,
large, full, and beautifully formed.
Growth vigorous, free, upright
branching. Exh. G.
Duchess of Albany (H.T.), Wm. Paul
& Son 1888:— Flower deep pink, in
in colour, very large, full, globular,
fragrant. Growth vigorous, very
DuchessXof Bedford (H.P.) :— Flower
rich velvety crimson. Growth vigor-
ous. Erect.
Duchess of Connaught (H.P.), Noble
1882 :— Flower velvety crimson,
shaded purple, veined purple garnet,
large, full, globular, fragrant.
Growth vigorous, free flowering. A.
Cut. Exh. G.
Duchess of Edinburgh (H.P.),
Schwartz 1875 : — Flower bright pink,
edges of petals silvery, with brighter
centre, large, full, sweet-scented.
Growth vigorous.
Duchess of Normandy (H.T.), Philip
Le Cornu 1912 : — Flower soft salmon-
flesh, overlaid with yellow, large,
full, fine form, high-centred. Growth
vigorous, branching, free flowering.
Exh.
Duchess of Portland (H.T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1901 :— Flower pale
sulphur-yellow, tinged with rose,
large, symmetrical. Growth robust,
branching, free flowering.
Duchess of Sutherland (H.T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1912 .-—Flower deli-
cate warm rose pink with lemon
shading on the white base, large,
full, and conical, possessing a sweet-
briar perfume. Growth erect, vigor-
ous, and free, with verdant olive-
green foliage ; distinct. Exh. G.
Duchess of Wellington (H.T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1909:— Flower in-
tense saffron yellow, stained with
rich crimson, changing to deep cop-
pery saffron yellow as the flower
develops, large, moderately full,
opening well, fragrant. Growth
vigorous, very free flowering. A
Cut. Exh. F. G. T.
Duchess of Westminster (H.T.),
Alex. Dickson & Sons 1911 :— Flower
clear rose madder colour, very large,
full, and perfectly formed, with high
pointed centre, sweetly perfumed.
Growth vigorous, erect, and very
free flowering.
Duchesse d'Albe (T.), Leveque
1903 :— Flower yellowish salmon,
shaded coppery purple rose, base of
petals golden yellow, large, full,
378
globular, sweet. Growth vigorous
and free.
Duchesse d'Auerstadt (T.), Bernaix
18187 : — Flower golden yellow, centre
slightly shaded nankeen yellow,
large, very full, imbricated, opening
well, fragrant. Growth very vigor-
ous, climbing, hardy. A. Perg. Pil.
Duchesse Mathilda (T.), G. Vogler I
1861 :— Flower pure white, large, full,
fragrant. Growth moderate, flori-
ferous. A. F. Cut.
Duchesse Marie Salviati (T.), Sou-
pert & Netting 1889 :— Flower orange
chrome-yellow, shaded flesh pink,
centre peach coloured, large, full,
long buds opening well, fragrant.
Growth vigorous. A. Cut. T.
Due d'Angouleme (Prov.), Holland:
— Flower deep rose, large, full, frag-
rant. Growth vigorous.
Due de Montpensier (H.P.), Leveque
1875 : — Flower geranium red, large,
full, fragrant. Growth vigorous. A.
G.
Due de Rohan (H.P.) :— Flower vivid
red-shaded vermilion, large, very
double. Growth vigorous.
Duke of Albany (H.P.), \Vm. Paul
& Son :— Flower vivid crimson,
changing darker as the flowers
expand to velvety black, larger, full,
free. Growth moderate. A.
Duke of Connaught (H.P.), G. Paul
1876 : — Flower deep velvety crimson,
large, full, very fragrant. Growth
vigorous, very hardy. A. Cut. F. G.
Duke of Edinburgh (H.P.), G. Paul
1868 : — Flower strawberry red, chang-
ing to purple carmine, large, full,
globular. Growth very vigorous and
very free. A. Cut. G.
Duke Of Fife (H.P.) :— Flower crim-
son scarlet. Sport from " Etienne
Level." Growth robust.
Duke of Teek (H.P.), G. Paul 1880:
— Flower purple carmine, very large,
full, globular, opening well. Growth
vigorous, very free. A. Cut. G. T
Duke of Wellington (H.P.), Granger
18o4:- Flower dark crimson, large,
full, scented. Growth vigorous. Ex.
Duke of York (C.), W. Paul 1894:—
Flower rosy-pink and white to crim-
son ; free flowering. Growth vigor-
ous. Bed.
Dundee (Scotch) :— Flower rose, with
white reverse double. Free flowering.
Dundee Rambler (Ayr), Martin:—
Flower white, pink edges. Growth
very vigorous. Summer flowering.
Ar. Perg. H. N. Wall. T.
Dupuy Jamain (H.P.), Jamain 1868:
—Flower bright cerise, large, full.
Growth vigorous.
Carl HalR (H.T.), Alex Dickson and
^ Sons 1921 :-Flower clear scarlet-
crimson, large, good form, sweetly
scented. Growth vigorous. Exh.
Earl of Dufferin (H.P.), Alex. Dick-
son & Sons 1887:— Flower pure vel-
vety crimson, very large, full, globu-
lar, sweetly scent_ed. Growth vigor-
Exh. G".'
:gor-
Cut.
Earl of Gosford (H.T.), S. M'Gredy
& Son 1912:— Flower dark crimson,
heavily shaded, after the style of
" Victor Hugo " ; very fragrant.
Growth fine and strong.
Earl of Pembroke (H.P.), Bennett
1882 : — Flower velvety currant red,
changing to carmine purple, large,
full, globular. Growth moderate. A.
Earl of Warwick (H.T.), Win. Paul
& Son 1904 :-Flower rich soft salmon
pink, shaded in the centre with
vermilion, large and full, of beau-
tiful shape, fragrant, opening well.
Growth vigorous, free flowering. A.
Exh. G.
Eblouissant (poly pom.), E. Turbat
& Cie. 1918 :— Flower brilliant deep
velvety red, retaining its colour well,
of good size, form and substance,
? reduced in corymbs. Growth per-
ect, possessing the hardy floriferous
nature of the Polvantha Roses.
Ecee (Species) :— Flower yellow, sin-
gle. The Abyssinian Rose.
Ecarlate (H.T.), Boytard 1906:—
Flower brilliant scarlet, medium
sized, semi-double, of cupped form,
fragrant. Growth vigorous and
branching, continuous flowering. G.
Echo (poly pom.), P. Lambert and
Schuitheis Bros. 1914 :— Flower soft
pink in opening, the petals becoming
reflexed with carmine-rose when ex-
panding, large and double, produced
in large clusters. Growth vigorous,
very free flowering. A sport from
" Tausendschon." F. G.
Eclair (H.P.), Lacharme 1883:—
Flower brilliant crimson red, shaded
currant red, large, very full, globu-
lar. Growth vigorous. A. Cut. Exh.
G.
Edel (H.T.), S. M'Gredy & Son 1919:
— Flower white, with faint ivory
shading towards the base, passing
in all weathers, sweet scented. A
fine grower, with uniform habit.
Exh. Bed. Cut.
Edelfraulein (Raiser : Dr. Kruger) ;
distributors: H. Kiese & Co. 1918:
— Flower soft pink, changing to ivory
white, very full, opening well, pro-
duced on stiff stems. Growth vigor-
ous.
379
Edgar Andrew (VVich) :— Flower
dark crimson red, in large trusses;
late. Growth vigorous. Ar. Pil.
Perg.
Edgar M. Burnett (H.T.), S.
M'Gredy & Son 1914 :— Flower light
flesh pink in the inside of petals,
rlet with
velvety crimson orange scarlet witl
shell shaped petals, large; delight
fully fragrant. Growth erect, very
vigorous; the foliage is bright holly
Edward Mawley (H.T.), S. M'Gredy
& Son 1911 :— Flower velvety crimson,
by the raiser as an improved " Lady
Alice Stanley," large, full, and well
formed, sweetly scented. Exh. Bed.
Edgard Andreu (\Vich), Barbier
1912 .'—Flower bright blood red crim-
son, with rose reverse, double, in
trusses. Growth very vigorous. Ar.
Pil. Perg.
Edith Bellenden (S. Briar), Lord
Penzance 1895 : — Flower pale rose,
single, flowering in clusters. Growth
Ed^V'cavelll^H.T.), 'Chaplin Bros.
1919 :— Flower pale lemon white ;
buds long and pointed. Growth
strong and upright. Exh. Cut.
Edith Cavell (poly pom.), Jan. Spek
1917 : — Flower brilliant scarlet over-
laid with velvety crimson, produced
in trusses of immense size. Growth
vigorous, glistening foliage ; mildew
free. One of the finest Polyantha
Edith In D'XOmbra?n (H.T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1902 :— Flower
pearly-white, large and full, imbri-
cated petals. Growth vigorous.
Edith Part (H.T.), S. M'Gredy &
Son 1913:-Flower rich red, suffused
with deep salmon and coppery yellow
with a deeper shading in the bud
stage of carmine and yellow, sweetly
perfumed. Growth vigorous, free,
branching. Exh.
Edith Stanley (H.T.), Walter Easlea
1919:— Flower creamy white, richly
shaded Indian yellow, of exquisite
depth and substance, highly per-
fumed. Growth perfect, free flower-
ing. G. Exh. F.
Effective (H.T.), Hobbies 1913:—
Flower crimson, retains colour, early
and late flowering ; very fragrant.
Growth vigorous. Seedling from
" General McArthur."
Edward VII. (poly pom.) :— Flower
salmon pink.
E. Godfrey Brown (H.T.), Hugh
Dickson 1919:— Flower deep reddish
crimson, of great size, very full
and high-centred, of splendid form
and great lasting qualities, produced
on fairly long stems; very sweetly
scented. Growth vigorous, strong,
and upright. Exh. G.
Eisenach (Wich) :— Flower bright
red, simple, produced in large clus-
ters. Growth extra vigorous. Ar.
Pil. Perg.
Elaine (H.T.), Wm. Paul & Son:—
Flower pale lemon white; high
scented ; good shape. Growth
moderate.
Eleanor Henning (H.T.), Walter
Easlea 1920 :— Flower salmon-pink,
large petals; buds very handsome.
Growth vigorous ; foliag'e most beau-
tiful. A free and continuous bloomer.
Electra (Mult, ramb.) : — Flower yel-
low, double, small, freely produced
and more perpetual than " Aglaia "
Growth very vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Elegance (H.T.), H. A. Verschuren
& Zonen 1918 :— Flower of beautiful
size and good form.
Elegante (H.T.), Jos. Pernet-Ducher
1918:— Flower creamy yellow, large
and full ; long bud of sulphur yellow
colouring. Growth vigorous, branch-
ing ; light green foliage; very free
ErisanBo6lle (H.P.), Guillot p. 1869:
—Flower white, slightly tinged with
rose, changing to pure white,
medium-sized, full, fine form, sweetly
scented. Cut.
Elisabeth Didden (H.T.), M. Leen-
ders & Co. 1918: — Flower brilliant
carmine and scarlet, large and full.
Growth vigorous ; free flowering. G.
Elise Heymann (T.), Strassheim
1891 :— Flower nankeen yellow with
peach rose centre, very large, full,
of good shape, opening well. Growth
vigorous. A. Cut. Exh. T.
Elise Kreis (poly pom.), Franz A.
Kreis Wwe. 1913 :— Flower dark red.
• decorative.
Edmee et Roger (H.T.), Ketten
Bros. 1902:-Flower fleshy white with
salmon flesh centre, large, full, frag-
rant. Growth erect, vigorous. Cut.
Edmee Metz (H.T.), Soupert & Net-
ting 1900 :— Flower carmine rose
shaded with salmon, very large, full,
sweet-scented. Growth vigorous,
free flowering. A. Cut. G.
Ecimond Prout (VVich), Barbier
1913:-Flower coppery carmine pink,
jn clusters, large. Growth vigorous.
Ar. Pil. Perg.
Edu Meyer (H.T.), P. Lambert 1904:
Flower yellowish coppery rose,
shaded orange saturnine red and
yellow, large, moderately full, sweet-
scented. Growth vigorous, very
free, erect, branching. A. But. Cut.
Edward Bohane (H.T.), Alex. Dick-
rson & Sons 1915 :— Flower brilliant
380
A sport from " Annchen Miiller,"
with which it is in every way identi-
cal save colour.
Eliza Robichon (Wich), Barbier
1901:: — Flower rose shaded pale yel-
low, semi-double, summer-flowering.
Growth vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg. H.
Elizabeth (H.T.) :— Flower deep
rosy-pink shading of lighter towards
the outer petals, large, full. Growth
vigorous.
Elizabeth Barnes (H.T.) :— Flower
salmon rose, centre fawn. Growth
vigorous.
Elizabeth Cullen (H.T.), Alex. Dick-
son & Sons 1921:— Flower intense
dark crimson, buds long and pointed,
blooms medium, semi-double, smooth
petals ; great substance ; free flower-
ing ; scented. Growth vigorous.
Elizabeth Kitto (H.T.), Wm. Paul
and Son : — Flower salmon pink, free
and consistent. Growth vigorous.
Bed.
Ella Cordon (H.P.), Wm. Paul and
Son:— Flower bright cherry colour,
globular, large, full petals, smooth
and rounded; sweetly scented. Very
vigorous. A. Exh.
Ellen Poulsen (poly pom.), D. T.
Poulsen 1911:— Flower dark brilliant
pink, large, fairly full, sweet-scented.
Growth vigorous, bushy. F. Bed.
Cut. Pot.
Ellen Willmott (H.T.), Bernaix 1898:
—Flower pale flesh white, large, full,
sweet-scented. Growth vigorous,
very floriferous. A. Cut. Exh. G. T.
Elli Hartman (H.T.) :— Flower old
gold and yellow, large, full, well
formed, opening well Growth erect.
Elsie (Wich), Wm. Paul & Son:—
Flower fresh-coloured pink with
deeper centres, large for its class, of
nice rosette shape; extra large
trusses. Growth vigorous. Ar. Pil.
Emden (H.P.), J. C. Schmidt 1916:
— Flower deep carmine rose, large,
fairly full and nicely shaped, long
bud. Growth in the style of " Frau
Karl Druschki," with many thorns ;
very free flowering. Bed. F.
Emilie Dupuy (T.), Levet 1870:—
Flower creamy yellow, slightly suf-
fused salmon, large, full, globular,
fragrant. Growth very vigorous, I
climbing. A. Perg. Pil.
Emilienne Moreau (H.T.), H. A. I
Verschuren & Zonen 1918 :— Flower
yellow pink colour and vigorous
growth. Cut.
Emily Cray (Wich), raised by Dr. |
A H. Williams; introduced by B. R. !
Cant & Sons 1918 :— A marvellous j
Wichuraiana, with foliage like Ber-
beris vulgaris, great substance and |
very glossy; flowers rich golden i
yellow and almost as large as •
*' Madame Ravary." The finest
yellow Wichuraiana rose yet intro-
Emma Wright (H.T.), S. M'Gredy
& Son 1918 : — Flower of pure orange
colour without shading. Free flower-
ing. Bed.
Emmeline (H.T.), Wm. Paul & Son
1921 :— Flower lemon-yellow, buds
pure deep yellow, firm foliage.
Growth vigorous ; floriferous.
Emmi von Dippe (H.T.), P. Lambert
1915 : — Flower pure satiny yellowish
pink, with deeper centre, very large
and full, good form, very fragrant.
Growth vigorous, erect. Exh. Cut.
Empereur du Maroc (H.P.), G
ith crimson
lvety
red
centre,
garnet,
border of petals deep carmine violet,
large, full, fragrant. Growth vigor-
ous. A. Cut. G.
Empress (H.P.), W. Paul 1884:—
Flower pure white, edges of petals
suffused clear rose, small, full,
sweet. Growth moderate, perpetual
ry good.
Empress Alexandra of Russia (T.),
Wm. Paul & Son 1897 :— Flower rich
lake red shaded orange and fiery
crimson, buds bronze salmon. Very
large, full, globular. Growth vigor-
ous. Distinct. Exh.
Enchantress (T.), Wm. Paul & Son
189C .'—Flower creamy white, slightly
tinted buff in centre, large, full,
and globular, petals recurved at the
edges. Growth vigorous, free. Cut.
G. P. T.
Entente Cordiale (Austrian Briar),
Guillot : — Flower Nasturtium red,
base of petals yellow. Growth
vigorous. Bu. H.
Entente Cordiale (H.T.), Pernet :—
Flower creamy white, very free;
sweetly scented. Growth vigorous.
Enver Pascha (H.T.), H. Kiese &
Co. 1916:— Flower fleshy white, out-
side of petals soft pink, very full,
opening well in all weathers. Growth
E. P. H. Kingma (Pernet), H. A.
Verschuren & Zonen 1919: — Flower
deep apricot and orange yellow.
Growth like " Madame Edouard
Herriot."
Erna Teschendorff (poly pom.), V.
Teschendorff 1911 :— Flower dark
brilliant crimson colour. Sport from
" Madame Norbert Levavasseur,
same habit of growth, but with
larger flowers.
Ernest Metz (T.), Guillot 1888:—
Flower salmon-tinted rose, globular,
fine foliage ; not very free flowering ;
requires careful disbudding. Growth
moderate. Exh.
Ernestine Verdier (T.), Perny 1893:
—Flower mauve rose, shaded salmon
381
rose, large, full, sweet. Growth
vigorous, very free. A. Cut.
Ernst Orandpierre (Wich), Weigand
1900:— Flower yellow, small, full,
very sweet, produced in corymbs.
Growths very vigorous, climbing.
Pil.
Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand (T.),
Soupert & Netting 1892 :— Flower
madder lake on a golden yellow
sweet-scented. Growth vigorous. T.
Esme (H.T.), B. R. Cant & Sons
1920:— Flower creamy white with
flushes of rosy carmine on edges of
petals, centre soft primrose, large
and full; freely produced. Bed.
Ethel (Wich), Turner 1912 :— Flower
clear flesh pink, semi-double, in large
trusses. Growth vigorous. Ar. Pil.
Perg.
Ethel Brownlow (T.), Alex. Dickson
and Son 1887.
Ethel Dickson (H.T.), Hugh Dickson
1917:— Flower deep salmon rose with
silvery flesh reflexes, large, very
full, beautifully formed, with high
pointed centre, produced in endless
profusion. Growth strong, upright,
vigorous, branching. The blooms of
this variety resemble " Madame Abel
Chatenay." Exh. Bed.
Ethel James (H.T.), S. McGredy
1921:— Flower deep carmine, flushed
orange, large and single, perfumed.
Growth vigorous.
Ethel Malcolm (H.T.), S. McGredy
and Son 1909 : — Flower ivory white,
shaded peach, free. Vigorous. Exh.
Ethel Somerset (H.T.), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1921 : — Flower shrimp-pink,
dge of petals deep flesh coral-pink,
y large, full, good form,
high pointed centre, fragrant.
Growth vigorous. Exh.
Etienne Levet (H.P.), Levet 1871:—
Flower carm/ine-red, large, imbri-
cated. Vigorous. Exh.
Etincelante (H.T.), C. Chambard
1913:— Flower bright brilliant red,
shaded with purple, large, full, of
fine form, opening well, sweetly
scented, bud elongated, of brilliant,
velvety purple crimson colouring.
Growth vigorous, bushy; very free
and perpetual flowering. Bed. Cut.
Etoile Blanche (H.T.), Egb. Kloo-
sterhuis 1914 :— Flower white, large,
opening well, sweet-scented. Growth
vigorous; very free flowering. A
sport from " Belle Siebrecht." Exh.
Etoile d'Or (poly pom.) : — Flower
citron yellow, centre pale yellow.
Growth dwarf. Bed.
Etoile He Feu (Pernet.) :— Flower
salmon-pink and coral-red, shaded
with flame colour, large, full,
globular; fine foliage. Growth
vigorous.
Etoile de France (H.T.), Jos. Per
net-Ducher 1904 :— Flower velvety
garnet, with bright cherry red cen-
tre, large, full, long bud, carried
on long stiff stems, sweetly scented.
A. Cut. Bed. F. G. T.
Etoile de Hollande (H.T.), H. A.
Verschuren & Zonen 1919 : — Flower
bright dark red, of medium size,
deliciously perfumed. Growth vigor-
ous, upright.
Etoile de Lyon (T.), Guillot 1881:—
Flower sulphur yellow, brighter in
centre, very large, full, globular,
sweet-scented. Growth vigorous. A,
Cut. Exh. G.
Etoile de Mai (poly pom.) :— Flower
nankeen yellow, passing to creamy
white. Growth dwarf. Bed.
Etoile du Portugal (T.), H. Cayenx
1909: — Flower salmon shrimp pink,
base of petals clear yellow, large,
well-formed. Growth vigorous,
Eto'il^Luisante (poly pom.), E. Tur-
bat & Cie. 1918 .-—Flower carmine
red and shrimp pink, flushed with
coppery purple, base of petals
golden yellow, of medium size ; buds
orange red, produced in large pyra-
midal corymbs. Growth dwarf; free
Etoiks' FNoitevine (H.T.), Bruant 1910 :
— Flower velvety red striped white
and pale pink, sweet-scented, long
bud. Seedling of " Etoile de
France."
Eugene Appert (H.P.) :— Flower
scarlet and crimson shaded, free
flowering. Growth robust.
Eugene Barbier (H.P.), Barbier 1920 :
— Flower deep golden to canary-
yellow, with coppery red reflex, large
cupped and free, with round buds.
Growth vigorous. The yellow H.P.
quite unique shade in this class.
Exh.
Eugene Beauharnais (C.) :— Flower
amaranth, large, full. Growth
Eugenie5 Boullet (H.T.), Jos. Peraet-
Ducher 1897 :— Flower china rose
shaded orange yellow, large, full,
sweet, opening well. Growth vigor-
ous. A. Cut. F. T.
Eugenie Fremy (H.P.), E. Verdier
1884 :— Flower deep rose Neyron red,
outer petals purple rose, very large
and full, sweet-scented. Growth very
vigorous, free. A.
Eugen Fiirst (H.P.), Soupert & Not-
ting 1875 : — Flower brilliant velvety
crimson with dark purple shadings,
large, full, sweet-scented. Growth
very vigorous. A. Cut. Exh. G.
Eugenie Cuinoisseau (Moss), B.
Guinoisseau 1864 :— Flower crimson
red, changing to lilac purple, large,
full. Growth vigorous. G.
382
Eugene Jacquet (Wich), E. Turbat
& Cie. 1916:— Flower cherry red and
bright carmine, double, produced in
clusters; sweetly scented. Growth
vigorous, climbing, upright, branch-
ing, early flowering.
Eugenie Lamesch (poly pom.), P.
Lambert 1899 : — Flower chrome
yellow, changing to clear yellow,
edged Turkey red, of medium size,
ranuculus-shaped, produced in
trusses. Growth dwarf, bushy. Bed.
Cut. But.
Eugenie Munchen (H.T.) :-Flower
silvery lilac-rose, long pointed buds,
good foliage. Growth vigorous.
Eugenie Verdier (H.P.), Guillot 1869:
— Flower bright flesh rose, large,
full, globular. Growth robust, flori-
ferous. A. Cut.
Eugene Verdier (Moss), E. Verdier
1872:— Flower of vermilion colour,
medium size, very double, sweet-
scented. Growth vigorous.
Euphrosyne (Mult, ramb.) :— Flower
bright pink, when opened the yellow
anthers are very effective. Growth
very vigorous. Free flowering. Ar.
Perg.
Evangeline (Wich). M. H. Walsh
1906 : — Flower lavender pink with
white centre, single, in large trusses.
Growth very vigorous. Very fra-
grant. Ar. Perg.
Evelyn (H.T.), Wm. Paul & Son
1918 :— Flower salmon-white, petals
shaded and edged with rose, base
of petals yellow, large, full, and
imbricated. Growth vigorous, up-
right. Distinct.
Evelyn Dauntesey (H.T.), S.
McGredy & Son 1911 :— Flower soft
centre, free. Growth vigorous.
Evelyn Thornton (poly pom.), Bees'
Ltd. 1919 :— Flower shell pink deepen-
ing to salmon and lemon with orange
shading. This new rose has a habit
and constitution capable of with-
standing the most rigorous weather;
when in bloom the foliage is com-
pletely hidden. A really fine per-
petual blooming rose for bedding
and general decorative purposes.
Evening Star (Fernet), H. Morse
and Sons 1920 : — Flower an orange
yellow. Sport from " Daily Mail "
rose. Growth vigorous.
Evergreen Gem (Wich), Manda
1899:— Flower buff-yellow to white,
double, in trusses. Growth vigorous.
Ar. Perg.
Evrard Ketten (H.T.), Ketten Bros.
1920: — The flower is of superb bright
carmine purple colouring without
shading, of medium to large size,
fairly full, of fine form and frag-
rance ; bud elongated, opening freely
in all weathers, borne single on long,
erect and stiff stems. Growth up-
right, branching ; with few thorns,
immune from all disease ; flowering
in great profusion throughout the
season. Bed. Cut. G.
E. Veyrat Hermanos (T.), Bernaix
1894:— Flower apricot and carmine
reflexed with violet rose, very large,
very full, very sweet. Growth very
vigorous, climbing. A. Perg. Pil.
Excelsa (Wich), Walsh 1910 :— Flower
bright scarlet, double. Growth very
vigorous, climbing, thick glossy foli-
age ; late flowering.
Excelsior (poly pom.) :— Flower
deep rose-pink.
Excellenz M. Schmidt Metzler
(H.T.) :-Flower white, large, full,
sweet scented. Growth vigorous.
Exposition de Brie (H.P.), Granger
1865:— Flower brilliant light red,
large, full, good form. Growth
vigorous.
Exquisite (H.T.), Wm. Paul & Son:
— Flower creamy yellow, flushed with
rose; good foliage. Vigorous. F.
E. Y. Teas (H.P.) :— Flower carmine-
crimson, good form, large, sweetly
scented. Vigorous. Exh.
Cabvier (C.), Laffey 1882: -Flower
• dazzling crimson with white centre!
semi-double. Growth dwarf. Bed.
E.
Fair Rosamond, Wm. Paul & Son :—
Flower flesh colour, shaded and mot-
tled with rosy pink, large full, dis-
tinct.
Fairy (Mult, ramb.), Wm. Paul and
Son : — Flower snow white, single, pro-
duced in large clusters Growth
very vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Fairy Queen (T.), Wm. Paul & Son:
— Flower pale fawn, merging into-
creamy white, richly suffused with
rosy cerise ; medium size. Growth
vigorous.
Farben Konigin (H.T.) :— Flower
imperial pink, reverse of petals car-
mine. Growth vigorous. Exh.
Farfaenkonigin (H.T.), W. Hinner
1901 : — Flower bright red, changing
to imperial pink, medium, full, very
sweet. Growth vigorous, erect, free
flowering. A. Bed. Cut. F. G.
Farquhar (Wich) :— Flower pink,
passing to white. Growth vigorous.
Ar. Pil. Perg.
Fedtschenkoana (Species) . — Dis-
tinctly spiny species from Central
Asia. Glaucous leaves and at-
tractive flowers.
Ferox (Species) :— Dwarf, with sharp-
Felicite "(alba). Parmentier :— Flower
rosy flesh, margin blush, large, full.
Growth vigorous.
383
FelicitS et Perpetue (Mult, ramb.),
Jacques 1828 .-—Flower fleshy white,
medium size, full, produced '
Ar. Perg. P
ters. Growth very" vigorous, climb-
rg. P "
Fellenberg (C.), Fellenberg 1857:—
Flower bright rosy carmine, semi-
double, in clusters ; fragrant. Growth
vigorous. Bu. G. H.
Fendleri (Species) :— Bright stems ;
From New Mexico.
Ferdinand Batel (H.T.), Jos. Pernet-
Ducher 1896 :— Flower varying from
pale flesh on a ground of yellow
large, full, very sweet. Growth
vigorous. Cut. Exh. G.
Ferdinand Chaffolte (H.P.), Fernet
1879 : — Flower strawberry red shaded
with purple, very large, full, of
cupped form, very sweet. Growth
bushy. A. Cut. Exh. G.
Ferdinand de Lesseps (H.P.), Ver-
dier 1869:— See "Maurice Bernar-
Ferdinand Jamain (T.) :— Flower
rosy-carmine, shaded with salmon.
Growth vigorous. Exh.
Fernand Rabier (Wich), E. Turbat &
Cie. 1918 : — Flower deep pure scarlet,
of good size and perfect form, full,
produced in clusters. Growth vigor-
ous, climbing ; free flowering.
Ferdinand Roussel (Wich) :— Flower
flesh colour, tinted with vinous red,
large. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Ferniehurst (H.T.) :— Flower pure
rosy coppery-pink on fawn. Growth
vigorous.
Feuerzauber (C.), J. C. Schmidt
1913 :— Flower bright velvety red with
velvety black splashes at the edges
of the petals, of cupped form,
sweetly scented. Growth vigorous,
upright; very free flowering.
F. F. Crozier (H.T.) -.—Flower deep
canary yellow, large, full, globular,
high centre. Vigorous. Exh.
Field Marshal (C.), Wm. Paul and
Son : — Flower blood crimson,
shaded with amaranth. Growth
vigorous. F.
Fimbriata (Rug.) :— Flower delicate
blush, edged like a Chinese primula,
semi-double. Growth vigorous. Bu.
H.
Fisher Holmes (H.P.), E. Verdier
1865 : — Flower strawberry red shaded
with deep velvety crimson, large,
full, imbricated, with high centre,
opening well, sweetly scented.
Growth vigorous, free flowering. A.
Cut. F. G. T.
F. J. Crootendorst (Rug.), Grooten-
dorst 1919 -.—Flower bright red, dou-
ble and fringed. A cross between
rugosa and polyantha, produced in
clusters from June until frost. Bed.
Flame (Mult, ramb.), Turner: —
Flower bright salmon-pink, semi-
double, produced in large trusses.
Growth vigorous, distinct.
Flame of Fire (Fernet), S. M'Gredy
& Son 1916 : — Flower deep, pure
orange flame, intensely bright;
sweetly scented. Growth sturdy and
stout, holding its flowers perfectly
upright ; extra free flowering. Bed.
Flaming Zep. (Fernet), T. P.
Edwards 1918 :— Flower glowing tan-
gerine orange yellow, buds splashed
carmine ; scented, dark green glossy
foliage. Growth erect, free and
branching. A sport from " Mme.
Edouard Herriot." Named Flaming
Zep. owing to the similarity in
colour and glow to a burning Zeppe-
lin airship destroyed in the neigh-
bourhood a few days before the sport
appeared. Bed.
F. L. de Voogd (H.T.), Jos. Timmer-
mans 1920 :— Flower reddish yellow,
large, semi-double, carried on long
stalks. Growth vigorous, branching.
Flora (Evergreen Rambler) : —
Flowers peach tint, in clusters ;
early ; free flowering. Growth vigor-
ous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Flocon de Neige (poly pom.) :—
Flc
Growth dwarf. Bed. E.
Flora Mclvor (S. Briar), Lord Pen-
zance (Keynes, Williams & Co.)
1894:— Flower blush white, tinted
rose, and single. Growth very vigor-
ous. Bu. H.
Florence (H.T.). Wm. Paul & Son
1921:— Flower silvery pink, long
pointed buds. Growth vigorous.
Ftormee Edith Ooulthwaite (H.T.),
Alex. Dickson & Sons 1908 :— Flower
deep cream, stippled bright rose on
the inside of the petals and reflexed
on the back, large, full, imbricated,
delicately perfumed. Growth vigor-
Florence1' Forrester (H.T.), S.
M'Gredy & Son 1914 :— Flower clear
snow white with a lemon tinge,
opening to pure white, of immense
size and perfect form with high
pointed centre; sweetly perfumed.
Growth vigorous, very free and per-
petual. Bed.
Florence Pemberton (H.T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1903 :— Flower
creamy white, suffused pink, large,
full, perfect form, high pointed cen-
tre. Growth vigorous, floriferous.
Florenoe Spaull (H.T.). B. R. Cant
& Sons 1916 :— Flower deep rose pink,
with occasional splashes of darker
tint on the edges of the outer petals,
384
which are reflexed, very full and
large, with high centre and of regu-
lar form ; sweetly scented. Growth
vigorous, erect, with good foliage.
Exh.
Florence Tron (T.) .-—Flower bril-
liant carmine tinted with madder
red, petals edged with silver, large
and full.
Floribunda (N.), Wm. Paul & Son:—
Flower rosy-flesh, in large corymbs.
Growth moderate. Bed. H.
Florinda Norman Thompson (H.T.),
Alex. Dickson & Sons 1920 : — Flower
delicate rose on pale lemon, which
deepens from centre to base of
petals; on the reflex there is a | inch
on creamy lemon, large, full, of
deep globular form ; Persian tea
perfumed. Growth vigorous, free
branching ; very floriferous. Exh.
Bed.
Flower of Fairfield (Mult, ramb.),
Ludorf 1908: — Flower bright crims
vigorous, free. G.
Fbliolosa x n
rigid
aedium, double. Growth vigorous,
climbing, autumn-flowering. Pil. B.
Flush 0. Dawn (H.T.), Walsh 1902:
— Flower creamy white, sometimes
shaded pink, large, full. Growth
rugosa (Species) .-—Very
pretty dwarf growing, with rose-
coloured flowers, freely produced.
Fortune! (Banksian) .-—Flower white.
Growth vigorous. Tender; south or
west wall.
Fortune's Yellow Rose (N.), Fortune
1845 : — Flower orange-yellow, shaded
and flaked with red, semi-double, in
wreaths. Vigorous climber, S. or W.
wall. F.
France et Russie (H.T.), Begault-
Pigne 1899 : — Flower varying from
carmine to deep rose, large, very
full. Growth very vigorous, free
flowering. Cut.
Frances Charteris Seton (T.), Wm.
Paul & Son : — Flower deep rosy pink.
very large, full.
Frances Gaunt (H.T.), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1918:— Flower fawny deep
apricot, toning to silvery flesh;
flobular cup-shaped bloom o
ower stalks ; deliciously fragrant.
Growth vigorous and branching,
glossy foliage ; very floriferous. Exh.
Bed. Pot.
Frances Scott Key (H.T.), John
Cook 1914 :— This variety is regarded
as one of the most valuable red
roses for cut flower purposes in the
United States A.
Francis (Wich) :— Flower bright red,
single, in bouquets of fifty followed
by a profusion of red hips. Growth
similar to "Crimson Rambler." Ar.
Pil. Perg.
Francis Dubreuil (T.), Dubreuil 1894:
---Flower ox's blood red, shaded
velvety purple, large, very full, open-
ing well. Growth robust, very flori-
ferous. A. G.
Francisca Kruger (T.) :— Flower
bronze yellow. Growth vigorous. G
Francois Crousse (H.T.), Guillot
1900: — Flower crimson; free flowering
early ^and late. Growth vigorous.
Francois Foucard (Wich), Barbier
1901:— Flower pale yellow lemon,
beautiful bud. Growth vigorous ;
almost perpetual. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Francois Cuillot (Wich Ramb.), Bar-
bier 1905 :— Flower yellow, white and
pink. Growth vigorous. Ar. Pil.
Perg.
Francois Juranville (Wich Ramb.),
Barbier 1906 : — Flower deep fawn
pink, with apple fragrance. Growth
very vigorous. Weeping standard.
Ar. Perg. H.
Franpois Michelon (H.P.), Levet
1871:— Flower rose-pink; a massive
flower. Growth vigorous. Exh.
Frangois Poisson (Wich) :— Flower
pure white, double. Growth vigor-
ous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Franklin (H.T.), Jos. Pernet-Ducher
1918:— Flower of salmon colour,
shaded yellow, large and full, oval
shaped ; long rosy flesh bud. Growth
vigorous, erect, branching ; bronzy
green foliage. Bed. Cut.
Frank W. Dunlop (H.T.), Raiser:
fohn H. Dunlop; distributors: Chas.
H. Totty Co. and E. G. Hill Co.
1919:— Flower dark pink, of good
form, full, "large. A seedling from
" Mrs. Charles Russell," on which
it is a great improvement in all
respects. F. Cut.
Franz Deegen (H.T.), W. Hinner
1900:— Flower centre golden yellow,
outer petals soft yellow, large, full,
very fragrant, opening well. Growth
vigorous. Exh. Cut.
Franziska Kruger (T.), Nabonnand
1879:— Flower soft fresh shaded
honey yellow and peach rose, large,
full, opening well, sweet-scented.
Growth vigorous, free flowering. A.
Bed. Cut. G. T.
Frau Albert Hochstrasser (Wich) :—
Flower yellow, changing to white,
very sweet. Growth vigorous. Ar.
Pil. Perg.
Frau Alfred Mauthner (H.T.) :—
Flower pink, large. Growth vigor-
Fra'u Anna Schneider (T.) :— Flower
rose colour shaded with carmine and
orange yellow, large, good shape.
Growth moderate.
Frau Bertha Kiese (H.T.) :— Flower
golden yellow, long orange carmine
buds, large, full, well formed.
FVau^Cec'ife01 Waiter (poly pom.):—
385
Flower yellow, opening creamy
white, free flowering. Growth dwarf.
Bed. E.
Frau Dr. Erreth (poly pom.), Ph.
Geduldig 1915 :— Flower orange
yellow, changing to white when
opening. Growth moderate, branch-
ing, very floriferous.
Frau Dr. Kruger (H.T.), H. Kiese
& Co. 1919:— Flower creamy salmon
on a yellow base, large, very full.
Growth vigorous, with handsome foli-
age. G. Cut.
Frau Ernest Borsig (H.T.) :—
Flower carnation pink ; pretty buds.
Growth vigorous.
Frau Ferd. Paas (H.T.) :— Flower
pale yellow shaded with copper and
orange, large, good form, long buds.
Growth vigorous, very fragrant.
Frau Cehiemrate de Staut (H.T.) :—
Flower brilliant deep red, scented.
Growth vigorous.
Frau Johanne Poulsen (H.T.) :—
Flower bright rose, shaded with
(lowering. Growth vigorous. A.
Frau Karl Druschki (H.P.), P. Lam-
bert 1900 : — Flower pure snow white,
outer petals occasionally shaded with
Cink, large, full, long, handsome
uds which open well. Growth very
vigorous, very free flowering, hardy.
Frau Lilla Routenstrauch (H.T.), P.
Lambert 1903 :— Flower rosy-flesh,
coppery orange buds. Growth
moderate. Exh.
Frau Margrette Moller (H.T.):—
Flower old rose colour, shading off
paler towards the outer petals ;
large; sweetly scented.
Frau Math. Noehl (H.T.). N. Welter
One of the best Roses in existence.
1913:— Flower lemon yellow, large,
full, of fine form, fragrant; buds
long and pointed. Growth vigorous,
erect, branching ; very floriferous.
Cut. F. G.
Frau Oberburgermeister Piecq
(H.T.). O. Jacobs 1911:— Flower
outer petals creamy yellow, " Mare-
chal Kiel " like, very large, full, fine
form, sweet. Growth vigorous, up-
right. Exh. F. Cut.
Frau Oberhofgartner Singer (H.T.) :
—Flower silvery rose; buds rosy-
lake. Sweet and free blooming.
Growth vigorous.
Frau Peter Lambert (H.T.), N. Wel-
ter 1902:— Flower deep pink, shaded
salmon, large and full, fragrant,
opening well. Growth very vigor-
ous, upright, free. Exh.
Frau Philipp Siesmayer (H.T.) :—
Flower yellow, suffused with pink.
Growth vigorous.
Freda (H.T.), :— Flower a distinct
shade of old rose, large, full,
scented.. Growth vigorous.
Freifrau Ida von Schubert (H.T.) :—
Flower deep crimson, long pointed
blood-red buds, petals broad.
Growth erect.
Freifrau von der Goltz (H.T.), P.
Lambert 1912 :— Flower salmon rose
with large orange red yellow centre,
large, fairly full, fragrant. Growth
moderate, erect.
Freiherr von Marschall (T.), P. Lam-
bert 1903: — Flower purple rose,
centre cleared cochineal carmine,
very large, full. Growth very vigor-
ous, free.
Friedensrose (H.P.), Raiser: Ulb-
rich; distributor: V. Teschendorff
1917: — Flower pure white on a
yellow ground, full, opening well;
sweetly scented. Growth vigorous ;
blooming profusely. A seedling from
"Frau Karl Druschki." G. Cut. F
Pot.
Friedricharah (H.T.) :— Flower deep
blood crimson, very free and sweet.
Gtowth vigorous.
Fringed (Musk) :-Flower white,
petals serrated, double. Vigorous.
Bu.
F. R. Patzer (H.T.), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1909:— Flower creamy buff,
reverse of petals delicate pink,
changing to light orange pink, large,
full. Growth vigorous, very free.
Furstin Pless (rug.) .-—Flower white
with lemon centre, very large, full,
sweetly scented. Vigorous. Bu. H.
Gabriel Thierrard (T.) -.-Flower
carmine roses, centre chamois
i yellow. Growth vigorous.
! G. Amadee Hammond (H.T.), Alex.
. Dickson & Sons 1915 :— Flower cad-
! mium or deep apricot egg yolk,
j shading off to fawn or delicate buff,
i |arge, full, perfectly formed, open-
! ing well in all weathers, and carried
i Growth robust. Exh. G. F.
! Callica purrrila (Species) :— Flower
; single, pink. Growth vigorous.
| Gardenia (Wich ramb.), Manda
! 1899:— Flower bright yellow to cream,
I early summer flowering. Growth
very vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
: Garland (Ayr) .-—Flower white, large
! trusses Growth very vigorous Pil
! Perg. Ar.
; Cartendirektor Julius Schiitze
(H.T.), Herm. Kiese & Co. 1920:—
Flower pale rosy pink and peach-
] blossom, large, of fine form, carried
! on long and rigid stalks. Growth
] vigorous. Bed. Cut.
• Gartendirektor Ries (H.T.), J. C.
I Schmidt 1916 :— Flower pure rose with
ilvery reflexes and yellowish colour-
ing at the base, fairly full, delici-
336
ously perfumed; very free flowering.
Caston Lesieur (Wich), E. Turbat
& Cie. 1915:— A variety similar to
" Excelsa," with bright red, double
flowers produced in clusters. Growth
very vigorous, climbing. Perg.
Ceant des Bastilles (H. P.) :— Flower
crimson shaded with purple. Growth
vigorous. A fine old rose ; a favour-
ite in the North of England.
Geisha (Fernet), G. A. van Rossem
1920 :— Flower pure deep orange
yellow, gradually changing to golden
yellow \yhen opening; the buds are
long pointed, streaked with garnet.
Growth vigorous, of branching habit,
and green bronzed foliage ; per-
petual flowering. A sport of
" Madame Edouard Herriott."
Geoffrey Henslow (H.P.), Turner:—
Flower deep d
f r
iwer deep dark red, a dark sport
m " Mme. Victor Verdier," frag-
rajnt, blooms medi
nod
medium size', gc
foliage. Growth vigorous. Exh.
Geoffrey Henslow (H.T.), Alex. Dick-
son & Sons : — Flower brilliant orange i
crimson, large, full, sweetly scented. I
Growth vignrous, Branching. Fxh.
Cep. Arends (H.P.), Hinner 1910:—
— Flower rose coloured and free,
large, moderately full. Growth
vigorous.
Georges Cain (rug.) :— Flower ama-
ranth, shaded with purple, long buds.
Growth vigorous. Bu. H.
George C. Waud (H.T.), Alex. Dick-
son & Sons 1908 :— Flower cochineal
carmine tinted vermilion and orange,
large, very full, high-centred, gene-
very sweet. Growth robust, erect!
free flowering. A. Bed. Cut.
Exh. F. G. T.
Georges Glemenceau (Pernet), Le-
veque & Fils 1919 :— Flower bright
orange tinted and shaded with car-
mine, large, well-formed ; elongated
bud of fine form. Growth very vigor-
ous. ; handsome glossy green foliage.
George Dickson (H.T.), Alex. Dick-
son & Sons 1912 : — Flower velvety
blr
scarlet reflexed tips with heavy and
uniquely pure crimson maroon vein-
ing on the reverse, very large, full,
globular, perfectly formed, tea per-
fume. Growth vigorous, with thick
leathery beech-green foliage.
George Elger (poly pom.), E. Tur-
bat & Cie. 1912 : — Flower coppery
golden yellow, changing to clear
yellow when opening. Growth up-
right, very free flowering. F. G.
Pot.
George Laing Paul (H.T.) :— Flower
purp'.ish crimson, sweetly scented.
Growth vigorous.
Georges Pernet (poly pom.):—
Flowers rosy peach shaded apricot,
very free. Growth vigorous. Bed.
Ceorg Reimers (T.) :-Flower fiery
red, good foliage. Growth vigorous.
A seedling from " Richmond."
Georges Schwartz (T.), Veuve
Schwartz 1899:— Flower bright deep
canary yellow, shaded cadmium
yellow, large, full, very sweet.
Growth vigorous. Cut. T.
Georges Vibert (Gallica), Robert
1853 : — Flower purple red suffused
with violet, striped with white, large
and full. Growth moderate.
General Baron Berge (H.P.), Pernet
p. 1891: — Flower purple crimson,
outer petals shaded violet, large,
moderately full, fragrant. Growth
vigorous, continuous flowering. A.
Cut. G.
General Don (H.T.), Le Cornu 1919:
—Flower crushed strawberry over-
laid deep copper, veined yellow and
gold base.
General Callieni (T.), Nabonnand
1899:— Flower crimson pink, shaded
reddish purple, centre rosy flesh
coloured, large and full. Growth
moderate. A. Cut. But.
General Jacqueminot (H.P.), Rous-
sel 1853:— Flower velvety geranium
red shaded with strawberry red,
large, moderately full, high-centred,
very sweet. Growth vigorous. A.
Cut. F. G. T.
General Mac Arthur (H.T.), E. G.
Hill Co. 1905 .'—Flower bright scarlet
red, large and full, sweet-scented,
I . ~j i j . ,, '
rally borne singly on long stiff stems.
Growth very vigorous and free flow-
ering. A. Bed. Cut. F. G. T.
General Schabiikine (T.) :- -Flower
light coppery rose, semi-dov.ble, very
General Smuts (rLT.^distributed D.
Prior & Son 1922 :— Flower glowing
cherry red with deep coraJ red
shade ; every shoot gives a perfect
bloom ; foliage glossy and mildew
proof. Growth vigorous and erect,
free flowering. Bed.
Ceneraal Snijders (H.T.), M. Leen-
ders & Co. 1917 :— Flower bright car-
and full, of fine form. Growth vigor-
ous ; of great freedom in blooming.
Exh. G.
General-Superior Arnold Janssen
(H.T.), M. Leenders & Co. 1911:—
Flower glowing deep carmine, finely
formed bud on perfect stems.
Growth vigorous, compact, and con-
tinually blooming. F. Bed. Cut.
General Th. Peschkoff (H.T.), Ket-
t^n Bros. 1909: — Flower salmon pink,
passing to pale lilac rose, base of
367
openini
Genera
petals Indian yellow, inside rosy
white, large, fairly full. Growth
vigorous, free. A. Cut.
Cenerale Marie Raievsky (H.P.),
Ketten Bros. 1911 :— Flower pale pink,
passing to bright pink with yellowish
salmon centre, very large, fairly full,
ning well.
icralin Isenbart (H.T.), P. Lam-
bert 1915 :— Flower reverse of petals
yellowish white, bordered with rose,
inside of petals coppery rose, large
and full. Growth erect ; thornless.
Gerbe Rose (Wich ramb.), Barbier
1905 :— Flower pure pink ; cupped,
good foliage, fragrant. Pil. Perg.
Cermaine Chenault (T.) :— Flower
salmon white with deeper centre,
sometimes shaded with carmine,
large, full, globular. Growth vigor-
ous.
Cermaine Lecroix (Mult, ramb.):—
Flowers flesh coloured white, small,
distinct.
Cermaine Rossiaud (H.T.), C.
Chambard 1915 .-—Flower salmon
yellow, changing to pure white, very
large, of cupped form ; buds flesh
colour, slightly tinted carmine.
Growth very vigorous, erect, branch-
ing ; very free flowering.
Cermaine Trochon (H.T.), Jos. Per-
net-Ducher 1893 : — Flower salmon
flesh, with orange nankeen yellow
centre, edged rose, large, full, globu-
lar, fragrant. Growth vigorous,
semi-climbing. Pil.
Certrud Kiese (C.), H. Kiese & Co.
1918 :— Flower of dark red colouring,
after the style of " Chateau de Clos
Vougeot." Growth vigorous; very
floriferous. Pot.
Chislaine de Feligonde (Malt,
ramb.), E. Turbat & Cie. 1916:—
Flower coppery greyish gold, base
of petals golden yellow, passing to
delicate yellowish white tinted flesh ;
buds bright capucine yellow, borne
in clusters. Growth very vigorous,
CladysgHarkness (H.T.), Alex. Dick-
son & Sons 1900:— Flower bright
pink, not unlike " Caroline Testout,"
good foliage. Growth vigorous,
scented. A.
Gladys Holland (H.T.), S. M'Gredy
& Son 1917 .-—Flower buff, shaded
orange yellow, outside of petals
carried on upright stems; sweet
scented. Growth uniform ; continu-
ous flowering.
Cloire de Chedane-Cuinoisseau
(H.P.), Chedane-Guinoisseau 1907:—
Flower rich vermilion crimson.
Growth vigorous. Exh.
Cloire de Dijon (T.), Tacotot 1853:—
Flower yellowish flesh heavily shaded
reddish salmon, very large, very full,
flat, highly perfumed, opening well.
Growth very vigorous, climbing. A.
B. F. Perg. Pil.
Cloire de Ducher (H.P.), Ducher
1865:— Flower centre petals purple,
outer petals vinous mauve. A. Cut.
Cloire de Hollande (H.T.), H. A.
Verschuren & Zonen 1918 .'—Flower
of dark red colour, in the way of
" Chateau de Clos Vougeot," not
turning blue, large and very full.
G. Cut.
Cloire de ('Exposition de Bruxelles
(H.P.), Soupert & Netting 1889:—
Flower very dark velvety amaranth
purple, large, full, sweet-scented.
Growth very vigorous. A. Cut. G.
Cloire de Libourne (T.), Beauvilain
1887:— Flower deep canary yellow,
large, very full, imbricated. Growth
Perg. Pil.
Cloire de Margottin (H.P.), Margot-
tin p. 1887 :— Flower dazzling red,
very brilliant, large, full, globular,
high-centred, elongated bud. Growth
very vigorous. A. T.
Glory de Steinfurth (H.T.), Schult-
hies Bros. ; distributed by Henry
Morse 1920 :— Flower colour same as
" General McArthur," bloom of enor-
mous size, opens freely, deliciously
scented. Growth vigorous, upright,
branching. Exh.
Gloire d'Orleans (poly pom.), Le-
vavasseur & fils 1912:— Flower very
dark red, produced in numerous
panicles. Growth vigorous, upright.
In the style of " Madame Norbert
Levavasseur."
Gloire des Beiges (H.T.) .-—Flower
cochineal carmine, flushed purple,
free flowering. Growth vigorous
Gloire des Blanches (T.), Vigneron
1904 : — Flower pure white, very large,
full, globular. Growth very vigorous,
climbing. Perg. Pil.
Cloire des Mousseuses (Moss),
Robert 1852 :— Flower flesh pink with
deeper centre, large and full; of
globular imbricated form. Growth
vigorous ; well mossed.
Cloire des Polyantha (poly pom.),
Guillot 1887 :— Flower bright rose
Growth dwarf. Bed. E.
Cloire des Rosomanes (H.P.), Vibert
1825 :— Flower scarlet crimson ; semi-
double, free. Growth vigorous.
Cloire Lyonnaise (H.P.), Guillot
1884 : — Flower sulphury white, deeper
in the centre, large, full, elongated
bud, fragrant, produced singly.
Growth vigorous. Cut.
Cloriosa (H.T.), Herm. Kiese & Co.
1920 :— Flower ivory white on a yellow
base, of good form, carried on long
388
and stiff stems; highly perfumed.
Growth vigorous. Very valuable for
massing in beds and cut flower work
for florists. Bed. Cut.
Glory of Hurst (poly pom.), E. J.
Hicks 19-21 :— Flower lively ruby
crimson, large trusses. Growth
moderate. Bed.
Glow-worm (Fernet), Easlea 1919:—
Flower rich scarlet red to bright
coppery orange, semi-single, frag-
rant. Growth erect, vigorous, and
perpetual.
G. Nabonnand (T.), Nabonnand
1888 :— Flower Naples yellow, slightly
shaded salmon flesh, outer petals
lilac rose, large, moderately full,
very sweet. Growth vigorous, free
flowering. A. Cut. F. G. T.
Godfrey Keller (Austrian Briar) :—
Flower deep orange shading to pink,
single, free flowering, fragrant.
Growth vigorous.
Golden Butterfly (H.T.) :— Flower
apricot yellow, shaded carmine. A
seedling from "Old Gold."
Golden Emblem (Fernet), S.
M'Gredy & Son 1917 :— Flower simi-
lar in colour to "Constance " and
" Rayon d'Or," and having the same
crimson stripe on outer petals, with
high pointed centre ; tea perfume.
Growth free and branching, with
splendid constitution, deep glossy
green foliage, stout stalks and
mildew-proof; extra perpetual flower-
ing.
Golden Fairy (poly pom.), Bennett
1889 :— Flower bright fawn yellow with
lighter edges. Growth moderate.
Bed.
Golden Gate (T.), Dingee & Conard
1892.: — Flower creamy white, very
fragrant, foliage similar to " Niphe-
tos," blooms large and well-shaped.
Growth moderate. Exh.
Golden Clow (H.T.), Chaplin 1917:
— Flower golden yellow to apricot
and orange. Growth vigorous. Bed.
Golden Mail (Fernet) :— Flower simi-
lar to " Daily Mail " rose, but pos-
sessing a more golden hue. Growth
vigorous.
Golden Ophelia (H.T.), B. R. Cant
& Sons 1918:— Flower golden yellow
the colour is clear lemon yellow.
Growth quite distinct, sending up
long arching shoots forming elegant
sion, followed by others from the
base of the plant.
Golden Star (H.T.), H. A. Ver-
schuren & Zonen 1918 .-—Flower
golden yellow, in the way of " Sun-
burst,' very large. Growth mode-
rate. Said to be the largest and
finest yellow rose in existence. F.
Goldfinch (Mult, ramb.), G. Paul &
Son 1907 :—Buds golden yellow, open-
ing flowers, changing to white, semi-
double. Growth very vigorous,
climbing. Pil.
Coldquelle (T.) :— Flower golden
yellow of medium size, fairly full.
Growth moderate.
Gorgeous (H.T.), Hugh Dickson
1915:— Flower deep orange yellow,
flushed copper yellow and veined
reddish copper, large, full and ex-
quisitely formed, produced in endless
profusion on stiff erect stems.
Growth strong, vigorous and free
branching- : handsome dark olive
green foliage. Exh. Bed. Cut.
Gouboult (T.) :-Flo\ver bright rose,
centre buff, large, double, sweetly
scented. Growth vigorous.
Grace Darling (T.), Bennet 1884:—
Flower creamy white, tinted and
shaded with peach, large, very full,
globular, opening well, sweet-
scented. Growth vigorous, free
flowering. Bed.
Grace Molyneux (T.), Alex. Dick-
son & Sons 1908:— Flower creamy
apricot, with flesh centre ; full and
free. Growth vigorous. Exh.
Grace Thomson (Mult, ramb.), Wm.
Paul & Son :— Flower in the way of
" Crimson Rambler," but variegated
red and white. Growth very vigor-
ous, distinct. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Cracilis or Prolific (Moss) :— Flower
deep pink, well mossed. Growth
vigorous, good foliage. Bu. But.
full and imbricated, produced in
clusters. Growth very vigorous,
Grand-Due Adolphe de Luxembourg
(H.T.), Soupert & Notting 1891:—
pact, opening in perfect symmetri-
cal form. A seedling from " Ophe-
lia." Cut.
Golden Queen (N.). Wm. Paul &
Son 1903:-Flower rich golden yel-
low. Growth vigorous. Resembling
"Reve d'Or." Ar. W.
Golden Spray (H.T.), Hugh Dick-
large, moderately full. Growth
moderate. A. G-
Crande Duchess de Luxembourg
(H.T.) :— Flower deep orange.
Growth free and erect.
Grand Duchess Marie Adelaide (Fer-
net) : — Flower deep orange yellow,
large, full, well formed. Growth
" Marshal Niel " yellow, opening to
very large, almost single, blooms of
great beauty ; when fully expanded
Grand Mogul (H.P.), Wm. Paul &
Son: — Flower brilliant crimson,
shaded with scarlet and black, large,
389
full, perfect symmetrical shape.
Growth vigorous." Exh.
Crandi Flora (Mult. ramb.):—
Flower pure white, carried in clus-
ters. Growth very vigorous. Ar.
Perg.
Grafin M. H. Chotek (Mult, ramb.) :
— Flower bright crimson, round and
double, produced in large trusses,
early. Growth very vigorous. Ar.
Perg.
Grange Colombe (H.T.), P. Guillot
1911:— Flower creamy white with
salmon yellow, fawn centre, passing !
to white, large, full, of cupped form.
Growth vigorous, erect.
Green Mantle (S. Briar). Lord Pen-
zance 1895: — Flower rich pink, fine
foliage. Growth vigorous. Bu. H.
Grossherzofin Feodora von Sachsen j
(H.T.) :— Flower lemon yellow with
golden centres, large, full. Growth j
vigorous.
Crossherzog Ernst Ludwig (H.T.), i
Dr. Muller 1897 .-—Flower silvery car- I
mine, large, full, sweet-scented. |
Growth very vigorous, climbing. Pil. j
Crossherzog Friedrich (H.T.) :—
Yellowish rose to carmine, sweetly
scented. Grov/th vigorous.
Crossherzog Wiihelm Ernst v. Sach-
sen (H.T.), N. Welter 1915 :— Flower
bright scarlet with carmine rose,
large, fairly full, fragrant, long bud
opening well. Growth vigorous,
erect, flowering till late in autumn.
Crossherzogin Alexandra (H.T.), O.
Jacobs 1905: — Flower colour of
" Kaiserin Augusta Victoria," open-
ing well. Growth vigorous, free.
Cut. F. G.
Gruss an Aachen (poly pom.), Ged-
ulvig 1908 : — Flower pale salmon
shading to white, fragrant. Growth
dwarf. Bed. E.
Gruss an Sangerhausen (H.T.), Dr.
Muller 1904:— Flower scarlet, with
deep red centre, large, full, fragrant.
Growth vigorous, very floriferous. A.
Cut. G.
Cruss an Teplitz (H.T.), R. Gesch-
wind 1897:— Flower brilliant scarlet
crimson, shaded with velvety fiery-
red, medium size, full, sweet-scented.
Growth vigorous, semi-climbing, very
free. Bed. Cut.
Cruss an Weimar (H.P.), H. Kiese
& Co. 1919 : — Flower pink on a yellow
ground, very large ; bud yellowish
pink ; free. Bed. Cut.
Cruss an Zabern (Mult, ramb.) : —
Flower white, in clusters, large
trusses. Growth vigorous, not per-
petual. Pil.
Culnare (H.T.)— Flower in the way
of " Rayon d'Or," on which it is
claimed to be an improvement, very
free flowering. Growth strong and
upright.
Custaw Grunerwald (H.T.). P. Lara-
bert 1904 .-—Flower carmine pink,
centre yellow, large, full, opening
well, very sweet. Growth vigorous,
erect, free. Cut. G. T.
Gustav Piganeau (H.P.), Fernet-
Ducher 1889 :— Flower brilliant red,
broad stout petals, beautiful centre,
good foliage, almost free from
mildew. Growth very moderate, best
as a maiden. Very free flowering.
A. F. Exh.
Custave Regis (H.T.), Jos. Pernet-
Ducher 1890 .-—Flower canary yellow
with saffron centre, edges of petals
suffused carmine, large, semi-double,
long pointed bud, opening well.
Growth very vigorous, semi-climbing.
Uadley (H.T.), A. N. Pierson, 1914:
• —Flower debp reddish purple, of
good shape. Growth very free. Cut.
Hardii (Species) :— Flower deep yel-
low, single, with chocolate blotch.
Harrisonii (Austrian Briar), Harri-
son 1830 .-—Flower soft gold and yel-
low, semi-double. Growth vigorous,
summer flowering. G. Bu. H.
Harry Kirk (T.), Alex. Dickson &
Sons 1907 : — Flower deep sulphur
yellow, passing to a lighter shade at
edges of petals, large, full, of great
substance, perfectly formed. Growth
vigorous, free branching. A. Cut.
E F. G. T.
Havering Rambler (Mult, ramb.).
Rev. J. H. Pemberton 1920 :— Flower
almond blossom colour, large clus-
ters of rosettes, well distributed.
Growth very vigorous. Distinct.
Hawlmark Crimson (H.T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1920 :— A glorious
rose, whose pointed bud colouring
are intense crimson crayonings and
veinations on maroon, becoming
crimson scarlet as the semi-double
blooms develop; tea perfumed.
Growth vigorous, branching. Bed.
H. D. M. Barton (H.T.), Hugh
Dickson 1917 :— Flower deep rich vel-
vety crimson, of moderate size, very
full and pointed. Growth strong,
vigorous, upright, and branching,
with handsome dark green leathery
foliage. G. Bed.
Hebe (C.) :— Flower colour light
rose. Growth vigorous.
Hebe's Lip (S. Briar) :— Flower blush
white edged pink. Growth vigorous.
Bu H
Hector Mackenzie (H.T.) :— Flower
deep pink changing to silvery crim-
son. Growth vigorous.
Hedwig Wagner (H.T.), H. Kiese &
Co. 1919 : — Flower of pure rose
colour, very full; long bud carried
390
on long stiff stems. Growth vigor- .
ous, free. Bed. Cut.
Heinrich Munch (II. P.), W. Hinner i
1911 : — Flower soft pink, very large '
and full. Growth vigorous. F. Cut. !
Heinrich Schultheis (H.P.), Bennett j
1882: — Flower deep rose pink cleared i
with cochineal carmine, large, full, j
scented. Growth vigorous, florifer- i
APf
Heldengniss'(H.T.), Herm. Kiese &
Co. 1920 : — Flower pure deep blood
red, large, full, opening well ; sweet- I
scented. Growth vigorous, branch- I
ing. Bed. Cut.
Helen Chamberlain (II. T.), Walter
Easlea 1918 :— Flower rich creamy 1
yellow, shading to orange gold in i
centre, and paling to almost white |
on outer petals, of exquisite shape, i
Growth vigorous. Exh. Bed.
Helen Keller (H.P.), Alex. Dickson !
& Sons 1895:— Flower carmine lilac !
rose with paler centre, large, full, |
globular, sweet. Growth vigorous. j
very free. A. Cut.
Helene (Mult, ramb.), Lambert 1897: j
—Flower pale flesh tinted violet.
Growth very vigorous, distinct ; a ,
good weeping rose. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Helene Cambier (H.T.), Jos. Pernet-
Ducher 1895 :— Flower varying from i
salmon flesh pink to coppery rose, I
large, full, and sweet. Growth very
vigorous, free flowering. A. G.
Helene Duche (H.T.), E. Buatois
1921:— Flower soft rose with silvery
reflexes, border of petals carmine,
large and full; handsome buds.
Growth vigorous, branching.
Helene Guillot (H.T.), P. Guillot
1901 :— Flower good shape, in form
like " Catherine Mermet." Growth
moderate, surfers from wet. A good
exhibition rose.
Henri Barruet (Mult, rarab.). Bar-
bier & Cie. 1918:— Flower of deep
yellow in the bud state and chang-
ing to coppery yellow and clear
yellow when opening, with edged
purple rose petals, passing to white
tinted with lilac rose and veined
carmine when fully open; of fair
size, produced in large clusters.
Growth vigorous, climbing. rii.
Henri ABuohet (H.T.), Soupert &
Notting 1913:— Flower pure sulphur
yellow, very large, of good torm ,
long elongated buds. Growth vigor-
), Barbier
Cie.
perfumed. ' Growth vigorous, hardy ;
Henrfett^"^^.), H. Merryweather
& Sons 1915:— Flower fiery orange
crimson, changing to salmon coral
red, shaded with orange at the base
of the petals, long bud carried on
long stalks. Growth erect. Cut.
Henriette de Beauveau (T.) .-Flower
bright yellow. Growth very vigor-
ous, tender; south wall.
Henriette Perier (poly pom.), E.
Turbat & Cie. 1916 :— Flower bril-
liant rosy carmine, changing to
clear rose, double, good form and
substance, produced in large clus-
ters; buds long and pointed.
Growth dwarf, erect.
Henry Monk (H.P.) :— Flower pale
rose pink, immense size. Growth
very vigorous.
Hermosa (C), Marcheseau 1840:—
Flower pale lilac rose, of medium
size, full, globular, sweet-scented.
Growth vigorous, hardy, continuous
flowering. A. Bed. G. T.
Hermann Robinow (H.T.), P. Lam-
bert 1918 : — Flower salmon orange,
shaded with salmon rose and deep
yellow, large and full, sweetly
scented; buds long, carried erect on
long stiff .Hems. Growth dwarf,
vigorous. Cut.
Her Majesty (H.P.), Bennett 1885:
Flower clear satiny rose, with car-
mine lake reflexes towards the
centre, very large and full, frag-
rant. Growth vigorous and robust,
hardy. One of the largest Roses
in existence. A. Cut. F. Exh. F.
H. E. Richardson (H.T.), Hugh
Dickson 1913 :— Flower deep rich
crimson, large, beautifully formed,
with high pointed centre, carried on
strong and upright stems. Growth
vigorous, upright; very free. Exh.
G. Cut.
Herfsttooi (H.T.), G. A. van Rossem
1919:— Flower fiery purple red.
Growth robust; free flowering,
hardy. G. Cut.
Herrin von Lieser (H.T.), P. Lam-
bert 1907 :— Flower creamy white,
large, moderately full, very sweet.
Growth vigorous. A. Cut. G.
Herzog Johann Albrecht (H.T.), O.
Jacobs; introduced by J. Felberg-
Leclerc 1913 :— Flower coppery
orange on a yellow ground, outer
petals changing to clear salmon
rose, large, full, of fine form, carried
erect on long and rigid stems ; frag-
rant. Growth vigorous, free, branch-
ing Bed. Cut.
Herzog Viktor von Ratibor (H.T.),
N. Welter 1916 :— Flower delicate
clear yellow, changing to orange
yellow when fully open, large and
full, of good form ; delicately per-
fumed. Growth vigorous ; free flow-
ering. Bed. Cut.
Herzogin Maria Antoinette (H.T.),
O. Jacobs 1910 :— Flower pure
orange and golden yellow, large,
391
full, sweetly scented, long bud open-
ing well. Growth very vigorous.
mauve rose, full, fragrant. Growth
bushy, free. A.
Hon. Edith Gilford (T.), Guiltot
1882:— Flower white, nearly every
: bloom coming good, fine shape,
: petal, centre, and size, free bloom-
ing. Growth moderate, fine foliage.
Exh.
Hon. Ina Bingham (H.T.), Alex.
! Dickson & Sons 1915 : — Flower pure
Herzogin von Calabrien (H.T.). P.
Lambert 1914 : — Flower creamy
white, with clear sulphur yellow
centre, large, semi-double, sweetly
scented ; buds long and pointed.
Growth vigorous, upright; free
flowering. Exh. Cut.
H. F. Eilers (H.T.), P. Lambert
1914 : — Flower carmine and reddish
: substance and depth. Growth vigoi-
clearer, very large and full; buds
very long and pointed, borne singly
on long stems. Growth vigorous,
upright, free flowering, with dark
green foliage. F. Cut.
Hiawatha (Vttch), Walsh 1905:—
Honourable Mrs. R. C. Qrosvenor
(L.), B. R. Cant & Sons 1916:—
Flower outer petals porcelain flesh,
: centre deep orange yellow, medium
stout stems, opening well. Growth
small, single, produced in large and
long clusters. Growth very vigor-
ous, climbing, late flowering ; foliage
deep glossy green. Ar. Perg. Pil.
Hilda Richardson (H.T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1913:— Flower rose
lilac on milky white, with rose pink
centre, elegant and dainty, fragrant.
Growth vigorous.
Hilde Nioolai (H.T.), N. Welter
1915 : — Flower sulphur yellow shaded
golden yellow, large, full, sweet-
scented ; buds long and pointed,
opening well. Growth vigorous ;
very floriferous.
Himalayica (Briar) :— Flower white
tinted blush. The most vigorous of
all climbing roses. Ar. Perg.
Himmelsauge (Mult, ramb.), R.
Geschwind 1894 :— Flower dark vel-
vety purple-red, large, fragrant.
Growth vigorous, floriferous. Ar.
His Majesty (H.T.), S. M'Gredy &
Son 1909:— Flower dark crimson
shaded deep vermilion crimson to-
wards the edges, full, of great size,
high pointed centre, sweetly per-
Hoosier Beauty (H.T.), S. Dorner
& Sons 1915:— Flower glowing crim-
son with darker shading, large, full,
of good form, carried on erect stiff
stems. Growth free; floriferous.
Cut.
Horace Vernet (H.P.), Guillot 1866:
— Flower crimson, shaded velvety
purple, suffused purple garnet, very
large, full, imbricated, with high
centre ; perfumed. Growth mode-
rate. A. Cut. Exh. F. G.
Hortulanus Budde (H.T.), H. A.
• Verschuren & Zonen 1919:— Flower
dark red with yellow centre, of
medium size, produced in great pro-
i fusion throughout the season.
Hortulanus Fiet (H.T.), M. Leen-
ders & Co. 1919 :— Flower salmon
rose, shaded lilac rose; buds long,
apricot yellow with coppery orange
' and lilac edges. Growth medium,
very floriferous. G. Bed.
Hortulanus Fiet (Fernet), H. A. Vei-
i schuren & Zonen 1919 : — Flower
• golden yellow, large, and of fine
form. Growth strong, upright;
mildew proof.
Hortulanus Van Laren (H.T.), W.
climbing. A. Cut. Exh. G.
Hispida (Lutescens) (Species) :—
Flower a fine early flowering kind,
with large yellowish white flowers,
resembling anemones.
Hofgartner Kalb (C.), J. Felberg-
Leclerc 1913: — Flower bright car-
mine rose, with transparent yellow
centre, outer petals deep carmine
rose shaded bright red, large, full,
fragrant. Growth vigorous, bushy,
upright ; blooming until late in
autumn. Bed.
Holland Beauty (H.T.), H. A. Ver-
schuren & Zonen 1918 : — Flower
yellow and orange pink, of fine
shape in bud ; handsome foliage.
Homere (T.), Robert & Moreau
1858:— Flower fleshy white, shaded
Lourens 1918 :— Flower salmon and
yellow, changing to salmon yellow
and clear yellow when full expanded.
Growth vigorous ; floriferous.
H. P. Pinkerton (H.T.), Hugh Dick-
; son 1918 : — Flower brilliant scarlet,
heavily flamed velvety crimson, long
: buds opening to large full flowers.
Growth vigorous, very free flowei-
ing ; mildew-proof fcliage. Bed.
Hugh Dickson (H.P.), Hugh Dick-
j son 1905:— Flower brilliant crimson
•ihaded scarlet, large, full, very
i sweet. Growth vigorous, floriferous.
A. Exh. F.
• Hugh Watson (H.P.), Alex. Dickson
i & Sons 1904:— Flower crimson,
i tinged with carmine, medium size,
I excellent shape. Growth moderate.
1 Exh.
392
Hugo Maweroff (Mult, ramb.) :—
Flower warm carmine, small, double,
produced profusely in large trusses.
Growth very vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Hugo Roller (T.), Wm. Paul & Son
1907 :— Flower rich lei
edged crimson, of medium size, good
shape, very freely produced. Growth
moderate. But.
Hugonis (Species) .--Flower bright
yellow, single, small, very free.
Huguette Despiney (Wich), G. Girin
1911 : — Flower salmon orange-yellow
passing to pale pink, full, sweetly
scented, produced in trusses.
Growth vigorous, climbing.
Humilis (Parviflora) (Species) :—
Flower an exceedingly pretty species
of dwarf habit, covered in summer
with rosy crimson flowers, which are
scceeded by brilliantly coloured
cherry-like hips, which are retained
until spring.
Humilis x Rugosa (Species) :—
Flower a natural hybrid ; it bears
large paniculate heads of rich crim-
son flowers, quite three inches across
in autumn; makes a grand hedge,
nearly always in flower.
H. V. Machin (H.T.), Alex. Dick-
son & Sons 1914:— Flower intense,
black-grained scarlet crimson, of
gigantic size, full, of perfect form
with high pointed centre, carried on
rigid flower stalks ; faintly tea per-
fumed Growth sturdy and erect.
Exh.
• bis (S. Briar), Wm. Paul ASons:-
• Flower soft deep rose, variable,
double, free, foliage scented.
Growth very vigorous. Bu. H.
Ida Munch (H.T.), Raiser: W.
Beschnidt; distributors: Munch &
Hatife 1919:— Flower golden yellow
with deeper shading towards the
centre, outer petals clear creamy
yellow, fairly full, of fine form and
good substance, carried on long,
erect stalks; long elongated bud.
Growth vigorous, free flowering, with
deep green foliage. Cut.
Ideal (Mult, ramb.) ; distributors, D.
Prior & Son:— Flower very dark
scarlet, fine for forcing, free from
mildew. Vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Imogen (H.T.), Wm. Paul & Son
1315 :— Flower centre orange-yellow
shading towards the outside to pale
fellow and creamy white, of per-
ect shape; buds long and pointed.
Growth strong and bushy. Exh. G.
Imperatrice Eugenie (Moss), Guillot
1865:— Flower bright rose, medium
size, full. Growth vigorous. G.
Ina Bingham (H.T.), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1905:— Flower pure rose,
veined deeper, yery large, semi-
double, long pointed bud, tea per-
fumed. Growth robust.
Indefectible (poly pom.),, E. Turbat
& Cie. 1918:-Flower bright coral
1 red, semi-double, of long duration.
foliage. Pot.
Independance Day (Fernet), Bee's
Ltd. 1919:— Flower of flame colour
on petals of sunflower gold, over-
laying orange apricot, all '
tints are fused together in the
mature bloom, the centre of which
glows with warmth and intensity ;
sweetly scented. Growth vigorous
and free ; of wonderful flowering
capacity, every shoot bears a large
number of fine blooms and buds;
foliage glossy, dark green; mildew
proof. G.
Indica (Miss Lowe's Var.) (C.) :—
Flower crimson, single, free flower-
ing, the original china rose. Growth
mnocente Pirola (T.), Ducher 1878:
— Flower ivory-white, good foliage.
Growth very vigorous ; good as bush
or standard. Exh. Cut.
Institurix Moulin (C.) :— Flower deep
crimson, with darker shading, long
pointed buds. Vigorous.
Instituteur Sirdey (H.T.), Jos. Per-
net-Ducher 1905 :— Flower deep
golden yellow, large, very full, im-
bricated. Growth vigorous. Cut.
lona Herdman (H.T.), S. M'Gredy
& Son 1914:— Flower pure clear
orange flame, of beautiful shape and
form ; sweetly scented. Growth
vigorous ; free flowering. Bed.
Irene (H.T.), Wm. Paul & Son:—
Flower silvery white, sometimes
tinged with pink. Growth vigorous.
Bed.
Irene Bonnet (H.T.), Clement Na-
bonnand 1920 :— Flower : Outside of
petals rosy pink, inside salmon pale
lilac rose, full, sweetly scented.
Growth exceedingly vigorous, climb-
ing. Pil.
Irene Thompson (H.T.), S. M'Gredy
& Son 1921:— Flower deep orange
yellow, large and globular, free
flowering; mildew proof, scented.
Vigorous.
Irene Watts (C.), Guillot 1896:—
Flower delicate rose to pale pink,
long pointed buds, free flowering.
Growth moderate.
Irish Afterglow (H.T.), Alex. Dick-
sonson & Sons 1917 :— Flower tan-
gerine passing to pink, single.
Growth vigorous. Bed.
Irish Beauty (H.T.), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1900:— Flower pure white
with golden stamens, single, large,
fragrant. Vigorous.
393
Irish Brightness (Single), Alex. Dick-
son & Sons 1903:— Flower crimson
with pink base, single. Growth
vigorous.
Irish Elegance (H.T.), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1905 :— Flower orange scarlet
to shades of apricot, single. Vigor-
ous. Bed. Bu. G.
Irish Fireflame (H.T.), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1913:— Flower deep maddery
orange, splashed with crimson,
single. Vigorous. Bed. G.
Irish Glory (H.T.), Alex. Dickson &
Sons 1900:— Flower rosy crimson,
single, back of petals flamed with
crimson, fragrant. Vigorous.
Irish Harmony (H.T.), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1904:— Flower saffron yellow
to white, single. Vigorous.
Irish Modesty (H.T.), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1900:— Flower coral pink with
ecru base, single. Growth vigorous.
Irish Pride (Single) :— Flower ecru
and old rose. Growth vigorous,
dwarf.
Isobel (Fernet), S. M'Gredy & Son
1916 .'—Flower carmine flushed
orange scarlet, single, flowered.
Growth vigorous. Bed. G.
Isabelle Comel-Pujos (T.), Ketten
Bros. 1901:— Flower lake, shaded
pale pink, very large, full and sweet.
Growth vigorous, very free.
JB. Clark (H.T.), Hugh Dickson
• 1905: -Flower deep scarlet shaded
blackish-crimson, very large and
full, elongated bud, high centred,
fragrant. Growth vigorous, erect,
floriferous. Exh. T.
Jacques Hackenberg (H.T.), M.
Leenders & Co. 1917 :— Flower sil-
very and lilac rose with carmine,
changing to flesh pink with lilac
shadings, large, of fine form, frag-
rant. Growth vigorous, branching ;
free flowering. Bed. Cut.
Jacqes Porcher (H.T.), P. Guillot
1914 .-—Flower white shaded carmine
on saffron centre, passing to yellow
with deeper yellow centre, large,
full. Growth vigorous ; very free.
Cut.
Jacques Vincent (H.T.) :— Flower
yellowish coral-red, large. Growth
James"5' Ferguson (H.T.) :— Flower
silvery pink, large, bold, and excel-
lent form, petals of great depth
and substance, very free. Growth
vigorous.
James Coey (H.T.), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1909:— Flower deep golden
yellow, edged white. Growth vigor-
ous.
Jan Steen (H.T.), Distributors, D.
Prior & Son, Ltd. 1922 :— Flower bril-
liant scarlet red, large, well formed.
Growth vigorous. G.
Janet (H.T.), Alex. Dickson & Sons
1915 : — Flower golden ochre on very
delicate pearly champagne-biscuit
fawn, with large imbricated globu-
lar-cupped formation, carried on
long rigid flower-stalks ; sweetly per-
fumed. Growth erect, leathery waxy
foliage ; exceptionally floriferous.
Janet's Pride (S. Briar), Paul & Son
1892 :— Flower white, shaded and
tipped crimson, semi-single; early
summer flowering. Growth very vig-
orous. Bu. H.
Jaune bicolore (Austrian Briar),
Austria : — Flower nasturtium yellow,
vvith carmine centre, of medium size,
single. Growth vigorous. (Type.)
Bed. G.
Jean Bach Sisley (C.) :— Flower rose-
tinted. Growth vigorous.
Jean Cherpin (H. P. ):— Flower vel-
vety red. Growth vigorous.
Jean-C.-N. Forestier (Fernet), Jos.
Pernet-Ducher 1919 :— Flower car-
mine lake, slightly tinted with Chin-
ese orange and yellow, very large,
full, globular, sweetly scented; buds
Lincoln red. Growth vigorous, folt
age bronze-green and reddish; free
Jeannnrfucher (T.), Veuve Ducher
1874:— Flower salmon golden yellow,
centre shaded peach rose, large,
very full, sweet. Growth vigorous,
floriferous.
Jean Cirin (Wich), Girin 1910:—
Flower pink, double, in clusters.
Growth very vigorous. Ar. Pi).
Perg.
Jean Cuichard (Wich ramb.), Bar-
bier 1905: — Flower coppery carmine
to salmon rose. Growth very vigor-
ous ; weeping standard. Pil. Ar.
Perg.
Jean Lelievre (H.P.), Oger 1879:—
Flower deep red, shaded purple, very
large, full, fragrant. Growth vigor-
ous, free. A. Cut. Exh'.
Jean Liabaud (H.P.), Liabaud 1875:
— Flower deep velvety crimson,
large, full, imbricated, fragrant.
Growth vigorous. A. Cut. G.
Jean Note (H.T.), Jos. Pernet-
Ducher 1908 : — Flower chrome yel-
low, changing to creamy yellow,
large and full, globular. Growth
vigorous, floriferous.
Jean Pernet (T.), Fernet 1867:—
Flower bright yellow passing to clear
yellow, large, full, very sweet.
Growth vigorous. A. But. Cut. Exh,
Jean Rameau (B.), Raiser: Dar-
clanne ; distributors : E. Turbat &
Cie. 1918 :— Flower : reverse of petals
deep rose pink, inside of petals
mother of pearl rose, double, good
substance. Cut. G.
394
Jean Soupert (H.P.), Lacharme
1875:— Flower dark velvety purple,
large, full, imbricated, fragrant.
Growth vigorous. A. Cut. Exh.
Jeanie Deans (S. Briar), Lord Pen-
zance, Keynes Williams & Co. 1895:
— Flower rosy crimson, early.
Growth very vigorous. G. Bu. H.
Jeanne Cuvier (T.), Nabonnand
1887: — Flower hydrangea pink, large,
very full, opening well, fragrant.
Growth vigorous, free.
Jeanne d'Arc (poly pom.), Levavas-
seur & fils 1909 .-—Flower pure milky
white, medium, double, fragrant.
Growth dwarf, blooming continu-
ously. E. F. P.
Jeanne Excoffier (Fernet), E. Bua-
tois 1921:— Flower aurora pink, in-
side of petals buff coloured, large,
nearly full ; bud elongated. Growth
vigorous, branching.
Jeanne Philippe (T.), Godard 1898:
— Flower nankeen yellow, petals
bordered light carmine, large, full.
Growth vigorous, floriferous. A.
Cut. T.
Jeannie Dickson (H.P.), Alex. Dick-
son & Sons 1890 : — Flower rosy pink
edged edlvery pink,, good shape,
very fragrant. Growth vigorous.
Jenny Gillemot (H.T.), Jos. Pernet-
Ducher 1905 :— Flower clear saffron
yellow, large, moderately full.
Growth vigorous. A. Cut. F. G. T.
Jeanny Soupert (poly pom.), Soupert
& Notting 1912 : — Flower delicate
carnationed white, small, produced
in large compact clusters. Growth
very free flowering.
Jersey Beauty (Wich ramb.), Manda
1899:— Flower chrome yellow to
cream, single^ small trusses, early,
PH. SAr. "perg. H™ S.
Jersey Queen (H.T.), Jersey Nurs-
eries 1920:— Flower orange flame,
edged carmine rose, lemon chrome
base and reflex, free. Growth vigor-
ous.
Jessica (Wich) : — Flower creamy
white, pink centre. Growth very
vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Jessie (poly pom.), H. Merry-
weather & Sons 1909:— Flower of
bright cherry crimson colour, which
does not fade or develop purple
tints, disposed in large clusters.
Growth freely branching, constantly
in bloom ; foliage bright glossy
ren, vigorous. Bed. Pot.
G. Classford (H.T.), Hugh Dick-
son 1921 :— Flower bright scarlet
crimson, with broad and stout petals,
fragrant. Growth vigorous. Exh.
Joan (H.T.), Rev. Pemberton 1919:
— Flower coppery peach pink, semi-
single, small, in clusters. Growth
moderate.
Joanna Bridge (H.T.), E. J. Hicks
1916:-Flower pale straw yellow,
shaded orange, semi-single. Growth
vigorous. G. Bed.
Johanna Hogervorst (H.T.), Jos.
Timmermans 1916: — Flower creamy
white suffused lilac rose, with yellow
and pink centre, large, full. Growth
vigorous ; very free. Cut. G.
Johanna Sebus (H.T.), Dr. Muller
1899 .'-Flower bright rosy scarlet,
base of petals gamboge yellow,
large, full, of cupped form, very
sweet. Growth vigorous, semi-climb-
ing, very free flowering. Pil.
Joh. M. Jolles (H.T.), G. A. van
Rossem 1916 .-—Flower apricot rose
and yellow, large, full and of fine
John' Cook (H.T.), Dr. G. Kriiger
1917:— A seedling from "La
France," very similar in colour and
habit. Cut. Exh. Bed. G.
John Cuff (H.T.), Alex. Dickson &
Sons 1908:— Flower bright carmine,
large, full, well-shaped. Growth
vigorous. Exh.
John Davison (H.T.), S. M'Gredy &
Son 1919 :— Flower deep rich crimson,
shaded velvety crimson, retaining its
colour, large, full, perfect in shape,
sweetly scented. Growth of true
hybrid tea character. Exh. Bed Cut.
John Hopper (H.P.), Ward 1862:—
Flower deep rose Neyron red,
changing to purple carmine, large,
full, fragrant. Growth very vigor-
ous, erect, floriferous, hardy. A. C.
John Ruskin (H.T.), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1902:— Flower bright rosy
carmine, very large, full, free.
JornkhVer'j?r0L.SMock (H.T.), M.
Leenders & Co. 1909 :-FIower deep
rose pink, inside of petals clear
lvery pink, very large, full, sweetly
ith fine long bud. Growth
nted,
igorous, very free flowering. C
Bed. Exh. F.
Jonkheer Mr. C. Ruys de Beeren-
brouck (H.T.), Jos. Timmermans
1919 : — Flower pure orange yellow,
changing to clear yellow, large and
full. Growth vigorous.
Joseph Bernacchi (N.) :— Flower
pale yellow, long buds. Growth
moderate.
Joseph Billard (\Vich ramb.), Bar-
bier 1905:— Flower crimson, with rich
vellow to cream centre, single, early.
Growth vigorous. G. Pil.
Joseph Baud (Pernet), F. Gillot
1919 : — Flower golden and orange
yellow, very large, full, and sweetly
perfumed ; elongated bud of orange
yellow and carmine. Growth vigor-
ous, branching ; free flowering.
Joseph Hill (H.T.), Jos. Pernet-
Ducher 1903 :— Flower salmon pink
395
shaded with yellow and ochre, out-
side of petals coppery pink, large,
full, fine in bud and open flower,
highly perfumed. Growth vigorous,
free flowering. A. Cut. Exh. F.
G. P. T.
Joseph Lamy (Wich ramb.), Barbier
1906:— Flower white edged mauve;
summer flowering, thin of foliage.
Growth vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Joseph Liger (Wich), F. Cant 1914:
— Flower canary yellow to creamy
white, edged clear pink, free.
Growth very vigorous. Ar. Pil.
Perg.
Joseph Lowe (H.T.), Lowe & Shaw-
yer 1907: — tlower carmine rose
shaded salmon pink, an improved
" Mme. Abel Chatenay " ; free flow-
ering. Growth vigorous.
Joseph Paquet (T.), Ketten Bros.
1905: — Flower bright carmine rose on
a succinum yellow ground, large,
full, sweet. Growth vigorous, flori-
ferous. A. G. T.
Josephine (H.T.), Wm. Paul & Son
1914 : — Flower rosy flesh, base of
petals salmon-yellow, large and full,
of fine shape. Growth vigorous.
Josephine Nicholson (H.T.), Prince
1915 : — Flower clear old-rose. Growth
vigorous ; most perpetual and free
flowering. Bed. Cut.
Josephine Viollet (N.), Et. Level
1890 : — Flower succinura yellow,
petals rosy white, large and full,
opening well, very sweet. Growth
vigorous.
Juan Rich (H.T.), M. Leenders &
Co. 1918 .-—Flower claret and purple
red, large, full. Growth vigorous.
Juan Quevedo (H.T.), M. Leenders
& Co. 1920:— Flower creamy yellow,
of medium size, sweetly scented.
1899 :— Flower brown on a lemon
yellow ground, large, full, opening
well. Growth vigorous. A.
Julia Mannering (S. Briar), Lord
Penzance, Keynes, Williams & Co.
1895 : — Flower pearly pink, early.
Growth vigorous. G. Bu. H.
Julia Bartet (Pernet), A. Schwartz
1920:— Flower deep canary yellow
tinted nankeen, passing to pale straw
yellow, as the blooms open, the
petals are also tinted with carmine;
buds golden yellow tinted with cop-
pery red, large and full, opening
well. Growth vigorous.
Juliet (Pernet), Wm. Paul & Son
1910 :— Flower outside of petals old
gold, interior rich rosy red chang-
ing to deep rose as the flower ex-
pands, large and full, of delicious
fragrance. Growth vigorous and up-
right ; very distinct, good in summer
and autumn.
Julius Finger (Pernet), Lacharme
1879 : — Flower pure white with rosy
Et-scented.
Growth vigorous, floriferous. Cut.
Justizrat Dr. Hessert (H.T.). f.
Lambert 1919 :— Flower of salmon
large and full, buds long and
pointed, carried on long stalks.
Growth possessing dwarf polyantha
character, vigorous, erect, perpetual
flowering; foliage deep glossy green.
Bed. Cut.
Juwel (H T.). Hinner 1911 :— Flower
lemon white, large. Growth vigor-
ous.
K-ft
Grc
Franz Joseph (Pernett), P.
imbert & Reiter 1891 Flower
yellow, very fragrant. Growth simi-
lar to "Lyon-Rose"; free flower-
flowering. G. Cut.
Jubilee (H.P.) :— Flower a rich, deep
Camille' de Rohan." Growth mode-
Jules Finger (T.) .-—Flower rose
shaded with salmon, changing to
deep rose; large, full, finely forired,
very free. Vigorous.
Jules Levacher (Wich), Barbier
1908:— Flower pale silver pink, small,
double, freely produced. Growth
very vigorous. Pil. Perg.
Jules Margottin (H.P.) .-—Flower
cherry-red, very fine. Growth vigor-
ous. G.
Jutes Tarbat (Pernet), Barbier &
Cic. 1920 :— Flower silvery salmon
rose, centre coppery coral red, large,
full; long bud of salmon china rose
colour. Growth vigorous.
Jules Toussaint (H.T.), Bonnaire
Kaiserin Augusta Victoria (H.T.),
Lambert & Reiter 1891 :— Flower
outer petals creamy white, centre
petals Naples yellow, large, very
full, of perfect form and substance.
Growth vigorous, free flowering.
Exh. Cut.
Kaiserin Friedrich (H.T.) .-—Flower
cream shaded pink. Growth vigor-
ous ; a sport from " Gloire de-
Dijon."
Kalmia (Wich) :-Flower pink with
white centre ; single. Growth very
vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Kanarie (Pernet), H. A. Verschuren
& Zonen 1919 :— Flower clear deep
yellow, rather small, but double.
Growth upright.
Kapitan v. Miiller (H.T.), P. Lam-
bert 1915: — Flower carmine red
passing to dark red towards the
centre, large, full, of fine regular
N
form, strongly perfumed. Growth i
erect, very free. Cut.
Kate Moulton (H.T.), J. Monson
1906 .-—Flower rosy pink shaded rosy
salmon, large, full, long bud, open-
ing well, carried on long stems.
Growth vigorous, free. A. Cut. F. j
Katharine Zeimet (poly pom.), P.
Lambert 1901 : — Flower yellowish 1
white, changing to pure white, small, |
very double, imbricated, fragrant, '
produced in large clusters. Growth |
vigorous, free, erect. E. G. P.
Kathleen (Mult, ramb.), Wm. Paul '
& Son : — Flower soft carmine rose I
with white eye, very free, lasts !
well. Growth vigorous. Ar. Pil. !
Perg.
Kathleen Harrop (B.), Alex. Dick-
son & Sons 1919:— Flower soft pale j
shell pink, large, semi-double ; a j
very distinct and beautiful sport •
from " Zephirine Drouhin," posses- j
sing its delightful fragrance.
Ketten Freres (T.), Nabonnand i
1882:— Flower clear canary yellow,
with salmon centre, very large, very
full, imbricated, very fragrant, i
Growth vigorous, semi-climbing,
floriferous. A. Pil.
Kew Beauty (H.T.) :-Flower crim-
son, very free flowering. Growth
branching.
Kew Rambler, Easlea 1920:— Flower
apple-blossom colour, single, in per- I
King Edward VII. (poly pom.):—
Flower clear delicate pink. Growth •
vigorous. Bed. E.
King George V. (H.T.), Hugh Dick- ':
son 1912 : — Flower rich purplish crim-
son, with deep velvety violet flush, j
large, full. Growth vigorous.
Killarney (H.T.), Alex. Dickson & !
Sons 1898 : — Flower flesh shaded
white, suffused pale pink, large, :
semi-double, long bud opening well. ;
Growth vigorous, free flowering. A. |
Cut. F. G. P. T.
Killarney Brilliant (H.T.), Alex, j
Dickson & Sons 1914 : — A deep rich
almost red sport from the well- ;
known " Killarney " ; the flowers are ;
larger and the petals more stout ;
and abundant; tea-rose perfumed.
G. Bed.
King of Siam (H.T.), P. Brauer; in-
troduced by Ph. Geduldig 1912:—
Flower yellow to primrose yellow,
large bunches. Growth very vigor-
K. of K. (H.T.), Alex. Dickson &
Sons 1917 :— Flower of intense scarlet
colour, its huge petals are velvet
sheened solid scarlet throughout,
semi-single, the blooms are produced
in great profusion throughout the
season, and are deliciously per-
fumed. Named as a tribute of
respect to and admiration for a
great British soldier.
Konigin (Mult. ramb.) :— Flower
pink, very free. Growth very vigor-
— Flower satiny rose, extra large,
full, produced singly. Growth
robust, very free. A. Exh. G.
FIc
bright
long and stiff stems. Growth very
vigorous, hardy, very free and per-
petual flowering. Fine for cutting I
and forcing.
Kleimer, Alfred (poly pom.) :—
Flower bronze yellow mixed with
red, rich and striking. Growth
dwarf. Bed. E
Klondyke (Wich), G. Paul 1911.—
Konigin Maria Therese (H.T.), P.
Lambert 1915 : — Flower bright car-
mine red, very large, full, highly
perfumed ; long bud opening well.
Growth erect. Bed. Cut.
Konigin Viktoria von Schweden
(H.T.), Raiser: Fr. Ries ; distribu-
tor: V. Teschendorff 1919 :— Flower
clear saffron yellow, changing to
soft salmon rose when fully open,
large, very full, with high centre,
border of petals recurved ; of fine
growth, few thorns and deep glossy
freen foliage, mildew proof; very
oriferous. Bed. Cut.
Konigin von Danemark (Prov.),
Booth Bros. 1898:— Flower delicate
flesh rose with darker centre,
medium size, full. Growth vigorous.
Koningin Emma (H.T.), H. A. Ver-
schuren & Zonen 1904 :— Flower
fleshy white, with rosy centre, very
large, full. Growth robust, florifer-
ous. Exh.
Koningin Wilhelmlna (H.T.), H. A.
Verschuren & Zonen 1904 : — Flower
rosy pink with bright rosy scarlet
reflexes, large, full. Growth vigor-
ous, branching, floriferous. A. Cut.
Kootenay (H.T.), Alex. Dickson &
Sons 1917 : — Flower of beautiful prim-
rose colour, of large size, globular
form and good substance, produced
in great profusion. Growth erect
and vigorous Pot. Exh. Cut.
Koster's Orleans (poly pom.), Kos-
ter 1920: — Flower crimson scarlet,
semi-double, large clusters. Growth
dwarf. Bed. E.
I 'Avenir (H.T.), H. A. Verschurren
•- & Zonen 1918: -Flower of beautiful
yellow-brown colour and good hold-
Li' Champagne (H.T.), Barbier &
Cie. 1919:— Flower bright chamois
397
with apricot centre, outer petals
peach-blossom, base of petals orange
yellow, large ; long bud. Growth
vigorous, free flowering. Cut.
Lady Alice Stanley (H.T.), S.
M'Gredy & Son 1908 .'—Flower sil-
very pink, with rose reverse. Growth
rigorous.
Lady Anderson (H.T.), Dr. J. Camp-
bell Hall 1920:— Flower deep coral
pink suffused with flesh and yellow
shadings, large, deep, globular,
highly pointed centre, with smooth
circular petals of great substance;
tea perfumed. Growth robust, erect
and free branching, with deep green
foliage. Exh. Bed. Pot.
Lady Ashtown (H.T.), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1904:— Flower pure deep
pink, free flowering. Growth vigor-
ous. Bed. Exh. G.
Lady Barham (H.T.), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1911:— Flower deep flesh
coral pink, large, globular. Growth
L1fdy0Batter8Xea (H.T.), G. Paul &
Son 1901:— Flower bright rosy-crim-
son tinted with orange, changing to
rose as the flowers expand, medium
to large, full, long bud, sweet.
Growth vigorous. A. Cut. T.
Lady Beatty (H.T.), Chaplin 1919:
— Flower soft pink on creamy white
with orange coral buds, sweetly
scented. Growth vigorous.
Lady Blanche (Wich) :— Flower hill
snow white, large clusters, foliage
glossy green. Growth vigorous. Ar.
Perg.
Lady Bowater (H.T.), Easlea 1915:
— Flower creamy white shaded apri-
cot, large, double, freely produced.
Growth vigorous.
Lady Sarah Wilson: -A seedling
rose colour, summer and late
autumn; immense trusses. Growth
very vigorous. W. Ar.
Lady Curzon (D.), Turner 1902:—
Flower delicate pale pink, single.
A good hybrid damask ; early
summer flowering. Growth vigor-
ous. Bu. Pil. H.
Lady de Bathe (H.T.), B. R. Cant
& Sons 1911:— Flower creamy white,
with peach shading in the centre of
the blooms ; large, full, and well
formed, carried on upright stems.
Exh.
Lady Dixon (H.T.), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1919:— Flower rich apricot,
flushed salmon pink, large, full,
globular, with large smooth shell-
shaped petals of great substance ;
fragrant. Growth vigorous and
branching ; blooming profusely.
Exh. Bed. Pot.
Lady Downe (H.T.), Wm. Paul &
Son 1911:— Flower buff, shaded in
the centre when opening with deep
yellow, changing when fully open
to a pale shade of yellow, large,
1 produced on long upright stalks.
I Growth vigorous. Cut. F.
i Lady Dunleath (H.T.), Alex. Dick-
j son & Sons 1913:— Flower deep,
ivory-creamy white, egg-yolk yellow
zoned petals, beautifully formed,
delicately perfumed, carried on long
and rigid flower stalks. Growth
vigorous, free, continuous blooming.
Lady Faire (H.T.), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1919 : — Flower salmon edged
with flesh pink.
Lady Gay (Wich), Walsh 1903:—
Flower cherry pink, fading to soft
white, small, fairly full. Growth
vigorous, climbing, hardy. Ar. B.
Perg. Pil.
Lady Godiva (Wich), G. Paul & Son
1907 : — Flower soft pale flesh pink.
Growth like " Dorothy Perkins." Ar
Perg. Pil.
Lady Greenall (H.T.), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1911 :— Flower intense saffron
orange, heavily zoned on deep
creamy white, reverse of petals
flushed coppery pink, large, full,
with high pointed centre. Growth
robust and free.
Lady Gwendoline Colvln (T.), Chap-
lin 1916:— Flower apricot salmon
shaded with chrome yellow and car-
mine; a climbing "Lady Pirrie " ;
buds long and pointed, early.
Growth very vigorous. Pil. Perg.
Lady Hamilton (Scotch Rose):—
Flower buff white shaded with rose,
well expanded, with semi-double
flowers, are rosy blush with the base
of petals tinged with yellow. Dwarf
habit. Bed. Dwarf Hedge.
Lady Helen Stewart (H.P.) :— Flower
bright crimson scarlet, ' petals
smooth, of great substance, sweetly
scented. Growth vigorous.
Lady Helen Vincent (H.T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1907 :— Flower shell
pink, reflexed with blush. Growth
vigorous.
Lady Hillingdon (T.), Lowe & Shaw-
yer 1910 : — Flower deep apricot-
yellow, medium size, long pointed
bud. Growth vigorous, free. Dis-
tinct. Cut. F. Exh.
; Lady Mary Corry (T.) :— Flower
I deep golden yellow, good form.
Growth vigorous.
Lady Mary Fitzwilliam (H.T.) .-—
Flower delicate flesh colour, large,
full, globular. Growth robust.
Lady Mary Ward (H.T.), S.
M'Gredy & Son 1913 :— Flower rich
orange, shaded deeper apricot
orange, with a metallic veneering,
sweetly perfumed. Growth vigor-
ous; free flowering. R.
Lady Maureen Stewart (H.T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1920 :— A globular
slightly imbricated cupped bloom
with velvety black scarlet cerise
398
shell-shaped petals, reflex solid pure
orangey maroon without veining,
with heavy musk rase odour. Growth
erect, foliage wax and leathery; very
Aoriferous.
Lady Mond (H.T.). Wm. Paul &
Son 1920: — Flower deep cream,
outer petals shaded with rose; long
handsome buds, which open to
blooms of unusual size and sub-
stance. Growth vigorous. Exh.
Cut.
Lady Moyra Beauclerc (H.T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1901 : — Flower
bright madder rose with silvery re-
flexes, very large, full, massive, per-
fectly formed. Growth vigorous.
Lady Penzance (S. Briar), Lord
Penzance, Keynes, Williams & Co.
1894: — Flower coppery yellow, single,
early. Growth vigorous, distinct.
Bu. G. H.
Lady Pirrie (H.T.), Hugh Dickson
1910:— Flower outside of petals deep
coppery reddish salmon, inside apri-
cot yellow, flushed fawn and copper,
large, fairly full, of perfect form.
Growth vigorous, floriferous.
Lady Plymouth (T.), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1914:— Flower delicate deep
ivory cream, faintly flushed, large,
full, and of spiral form, tea per- ,
fumed. Growth very vigorous and j
erect; very free and continuous |
flowering. Exh. Pot.
Lady Quartus Iwart (H.T.), Hugh
Dickson 1905 :— Flower pure white,
large, full. Growth vigorous, flori-
ftrous. A. Cut. G.
Lady Reay (H.T.) :— Flower deep
rich pink, shading to pearly white.
Growth vigorous.
Lady Roberts (T.), Frank Cant &
Co. 1902:— Flower apricot, shaded
orange, large, full. Growth vigor-
ous, very free flowering. A. Cut G.
T.
Lady Rossmore (H.T.), Dr. J.
Campbell Hall 1906 :— Flower reddish
crimson, with claret shading,
medium to large, full. Growth
vigorous, free.
Lady S. Wilson (D.), Turner:—
A seedling from " R. Macrantha."
Lady Ursula (H.T.), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1908:— Flower flesh pink,
scented, free flowering. Growth
vigorous, erect.
Lady Violet Henderson (poly pom.) :
— Flower white tinted with yellow at
opening, very free. Growth dwarf,
vigorous. Bed. E.
Lady Waterlow (11. T.), Nabonnand
1903:- Flower pale salmon blush
edged with carmine, semi-double.
Growth vigorous. Bu. Pil. G. W.
Lady Wenlock (H.T.), P. Bernaix
1904 :— Flower carmine rose shaded
china rose, base of petals Indian
yellow, large, full. Growth vigorous,
free.
Lady White (D.), Turner :— Flower
white tinted with pink, petals large
and smooth, very free flowering,
semi-double. Growth vigorous. A
seedling from " R. Macrantha."
Ladybird (H.T.), Hobbies Ltd. 1913:
' — Flower ground colour yellow, with
distinct vein markings of orange,
fine form. Growth vigorous.
Laevigata (Species) :— Flower white,
single, very large, shining evergreen
foliage. Growth vigorous; requires
a wall.
La France (H.T.), Guillot 1867:—
Flower pale pink, silvery reflex,
large, full, globular, fine form, high
centred, very highly perfumed.
Growth vigorous, free blooming. A.
Bed. Cut. E. Exh. F. G.
La France de 1789 (H.T.), Moreau
1889:— Flower brilliant rosy red,
occasionally striped white, large,
full, elongated bud, fragrant,
urowth very vigorous, free flower-
ing. A. Bed. Cut.
La France Victorieuse (II. T.),
Raiser : J. Gravereaux ; distributor :
P. Guillot 1919 : — Flower silvery car-
mine pink tinted yellow towards the
centre, very large, full, well-formed,
perfumed; elongated bud carried on
rigid stems.
La Hollande (H.T.), H. A. Ver-
schuren & Zonen '1910 : — Flower pure
white with rosy yellow centre, large
and double. Growth vigorous. Cut.
La Joconde (Fernet). J. Croibier
& Fils 1920:— Flower pure golden
yellow, with glaced yellow centre,
large and full, imbricated form, car-
ried on rigid stalks. Growth vigor-
Lamarque (N.), Marechal 1830:
— Flower sulphur yellow, very large,
full, clusters Growth vigorous. Pil.
Lamia (H.T.), Walter Easlea 1918:
—Flower intense reddish orange,
medium size and charming form in
the bud, and beautiful colouring
when expanded. Growth vigorous.
Bed. Cut
La Mexaque (Wich) :— Flower pale
silvery pink, large, full, free flower-
ing. Growth very vigorous. Ar. Pil.
Per*.
La Neige (Moss), Moranville 1805:
—Flower pure white, of medium size,
full. Growth vigorous, floriferous.
Laneii (Moss), Laffay 1854 :— Flower
rosy crimson tinted purple, large,
full. Growth vigorous. Bu.
La Noblesse (Prov.), Soupert
Netting 1856 :— Flower light rose with
bright carmine centre, large and
full. Growth vigorous.
La Perle (Wich) .-—Flower creamy
399
•white, full, double. Growth very
vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
La Reine (H.P.), Laffay 1842:—
Flower lilac rose changing to violet
rose, large, full, and sweet. Growth
vigorous. G.
La Rose de Madame Raymond Poin-
-car6 (H.T.), Raiser: J. Gravereaux ;
distributors : Kieffer & fils 1919 :—
Flower bright Persian yellow centre,
tinted clear yellow, outer petals
salmon, slightly shaded pink, large,
full, of cupped form. Growth vigor-
ous, branching; free and continuous
flowering. Bed. Cut. F.
La Rosee (poly pom.), E. Turbat &
•Cie. 1920:— Flower sulphury yellow
passing to pure white, deepening to
soft rose when fully expanded; buds
sulphur yellow, produced in corymbs
{Jrowth vigorous, erect.
La Rosiere (H.P.) :-Flower deep
blackish crimson, small, free flower-
La Somme (Fernet), Barbier & Cie.
1919:— Flower deep coral red with
•coppery reflexes, changing to bright
salmon, of " Caroline Testout "
•form. Growth vigorous and flori-
ferous, with deep glossv green foli-
age.
La Tosca (H.T.), Veuve Schwartz
1900:— Flower pale silvery pink,
tinted with rosy white and yellow,
large, full, opening well. Growth
very vigorous, flowering continuously.
A. Bed. Cut. G. T.
Laure de Broglie (C.) :— Flower rosy
white tinted with bright flesh, pro-
duced in large corymbs. Growth
Laurence Allen (H.P.), Cooling 1896 :
— Flower clear rose, tinted rosy
white, large, full. Growth vigorous,
erect, floriferous.
Laurent Carle (H.T.), Jos. Pernet-
Ducher 1907 :— Flower brilliant crim-
son carmine, large, full, long bud
opening well, borne singly on long
stems, sweet-scented. Growth vigor-
ous, free flowering, erect. A. Bed.
Cut. F. Exh. G. T.
Laurette Messimy (C.), Guillot &
fils 1887 :— Flower rosy pink, shaded
golden yellow at base of petals,
large, semi-double, fragrant.
Growth vigorous, floriferous. A. E.
La Vendomolse (H.T.), E. Mouillere
1906:— Flower bright china rose,
large, full, fragrant. Growth vigor-
ous, floriferous. A. Cut. G.
La Ville de Bruxelles (D.), Rivers
1843 : — Flower vivid rose edged blush,
large, full. Growth vigorous.
Le CSd (Rug.) :— Flower dazzling
crimson, large. Growth vigorous.
Bu. H.
<Leda or Painted (D.) :— Flower
blush, edged with lake, full. Growth
robust.
Les Cloriettes (poly pom.) :— Flower
blush carmine, shaded with yellow.
Growth dwarf. Bed.
Leslie Holland (H.T.), Hugh Dick-
son 1911: — Flower deep scarlet crim-
son, shaded velvety crimson, sweetly
scented. Growtn vigorous. Exh.
Le Loiret (poly pom.), E. Turbat &
Cie. 1920 :— Flower brilliant rose with
fire red shading, changing to soft
salmon rose. Growth vigorous,
branching; foliage deep glossy
green.
Lemesie (C.) :— See Le Vesuve.
Lemon Pillar (Paul's) (H.N.), G.
Paul 1915:- Flower sulphur yellow.
Growth very vigorous. Pil.
Lemon Queen (H.T.), Hobbies 1912:
— Flc
Growth vigorous. Exh.
Lena Schmidt Michel (T.):— Flower
bright lake rose, semi-double.
Growth vigorous.
Leonie Lamesch (poly pom.), P.
Lambert 1899 :— Flower bright cop-
pery red, shaded with deep red and
golden yellow, small to medium,
double, very sweet. Growth mode-
rate, erect.
Leonora (H.T.), VVm. Paul & Son
1921:— Flower brilliant velvety crim-
son shaded fiery red, large, full,
globular. Growth vigorous. Exh.
G.
Leontine Cervais (\Vich ramb.). Bar-
bier 1906: — Flower salmon rose,
tinted yellow, very fragrant, early.
Vigorous climber. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Leopoldine d'Orleans (Evergreen
rose) : — Flower white tipped v»th
red, small, double. Growth very
vigorous. Ar. Perg.
Le Progres (H.T.), Jos. Pernet-
Ducher 1903:- Flower nankeen yel-
low, large, full, opening well, frag-
rant. Growth vigorous, branching,
very free flowering. A. Bed. Cut.
E. F. G. T.
Le Soleil (T.), Dubrueil 1891:—
Flower rich glossy yellow, large,
very full. Growth vigorous, semi-
climbing. A.
Les Rosati (Pernet), J. Gravereaux
1906:— Flower brilliant cochineal car-
mine, reverse of petals rosy white,
base of petals sulphur yellow, of
medium size, full, imbricated,
scented. Growth vigorous, erect,
hardy, floriferous. H. G.
Leuchtfeuer (C.), H. Kiese & Co.
1908:— Flower bright red, large, full,
sweetly scented. Growth vigorous,
free. A. Bed. E. P. T.
Leuchtstern (Mult, ramb.), J. C.
Schmidt 1899 :— Flower bright rose,
with white eye, small, single, pro-
duced in corymbs. Growth vigorous,
400
climbing, floriferous. Ar. Perg. Pil.
Leutnant Ozren Leovics (H.T.).
Ketten Bros. 1908 :— Flower salmon
fleshy white, reverse of petals
slightly coppery, large, moderately
full, sweet-scented. Growth vigor-
ous, erect, free flowering. A. F. T.
Le Vesuve (C.), Guillot 1904:—
Flower bright red to pink, large, full.
Growth vigorous ; one of the most
beautiful of the chinas.
Lia (H.T.), Ketten Bros. 1909:—
Flower clear rosy scarlet, reverse
of petals crimson pink, passing to
rosy scarlet, base of petals Indian
£-llow, medium to large size, full,
rowth vigorous, branching, very
free. Bed. Cut. G.
Liberty (H.T.). Alex. Dickson &
Sons 1900 : — Fjower brilliant velvety
crimson, medium, fairly full, long
bud opening well. Growth vigorous,
erect, free flowering. A. Bed. Cut.
F. G. T.
L'ldeal (N.), Nabonnand 1887 :-
Flower geranium lake, changing to
turkey red, base Indian yellow, '
large, semi-double, very sweet.
Growth vigorous, floriferous. A.
Exh.
Lieutenant Chaure (H.T.), Jos. Per- I
net-Ducher 1910 : — Flower crimson- '
red, shaded with garnet, large,
fairly full, possessing petals of great !
depth and cupped form, fine long
bud. Growth vigorous, upright .
branching. Bed. Cut.
Lilla Rautenstrauch (H.T.). P. Lam-
bert 1903:— Flower reddish orange, ;
outside of petals shaded flesh pink,
edges of petals creamy white, large,
full, fragrant. Growth vigorous, j
floriferous. A. Cut. Exh. G.
Lillian Moore (H.T.), Hugh Dickson i
1917: — Flower deep pure Indian ,
yellow with slightly deeper centre, j
large, and very full, of perfect
camellia shape and delightful frag-
rance, handsome clean deep olive-
green foliage ; buds very long and
pointed, opening freely in all
weathers. Growth free, vigorous
and branching. Bu. Exh.
Limburgia (H.T.). M. Leenders &
Co. 1920:— Flower glowing deep car-
mine on front of petals and lilac
compact; continually blooming. F.
white on the reverse side, large and
full ; fragrant. Growth vigorous and
Bed. Cut.
Lisbeth Stellmacher (poly pom.), P.
Lambert 1919 :— Flower pure yellow,
bordered at the edges with red and
striped rose, fairly large for its
kind full, sweetly scented. Growth
dwarf.
Lisbeth Von Kameke (Mult, ramb.) :
—A seedling from " Veilchenblau,"
with pale violet coloured flowers.
Growth very vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Lismore (Scotch Rose) : — Flower
delicate blush, almost white, double.
Growth dwarf. Bed. Dwarf Hedge.
Little Dorrit (T.) :— Flower chrome
yellow, tipped with rose. Growth
LiftieOUCem (Moss), W. Paul 1880:
— Flower rosy crimson, small, double,
well-mossed; a miniature moss rose,
valuable for decorations.
Little Meg (poly pom.), W. Easlea.
1917 :-Flower milk white edged crim-
son, pretty in the bud. Growth vig-
orous. Bed.
Lodewijk Opdebeek (H.T.), M.
Leenders & Co. 1920 : — Flower blood
red on front of petals, Tyrian rose
on reverse side, large, full, and
fragrant.
Lohengrin (H.T.), Schmidt 1908:—
Flower silvery pink, pointed flowers.
Growth moderate. Exh.
Lolita Armour (Pernet), Howard &
Smith 1920 :— Flowers a deep, coral-
red with a golden, coppery-red suf-
fusion, the base of the petals rich
golden-yellow with coppery-red
sheen. The flowers are of large
size, full, and double, with petals of
great substance and delightfully
fragrant. The plant is a strong,
vigorous grower, and .very free
flowering.
Long worth Rambler (N.), Liaba'ud
1880 .'—Flower light crimson, nearly
evergreen. Growth vigorous. Ar.
W
Lord Bacon (H.P.), Wm. Paul &
Son: — Flower deep crimson, shaded
with scarlet and black; large, full,
globular. Growth vigorous.
Lord Kitchener (H.T.), Chaplin
1916: — Flower claret red shaded with
light vermilion. Growth vigorous.
Lord Macaulay (H.P.), Wm. Paul
& Son :— Flower a rich scarlet crim-
son, sometimes maroon crimson,
medium size, full, thick petals.
Growth robust.
Lord Penzance (S. Briar), Lord Pen-
zanoe, Keynes, Williams & Co. 1894 :
—Flower "fawn colour, with deeply
serrated leaves, single, summer flow-
ering. Growth vigorous. Bu. G.
Louis Barbier (Pernet), Barbier &
Cie. 1909 :— Flower bright coppery
red, passing to coppery rose and
bright purple, outside of petals cop-
pery yellow, semi-double. Growth
vigorous, climbing ; free. H.
Louis Phillipe (C.), Guerin 1843:—
Flower deep crimson, free. Growth
vigorous. Bed.
Louis Ricard (H.P.) :— Flower deep
velvety crimson shaded with ver-
401
• rnilion and black ; a showy peony-like
flower. Growth vigorous.
Louis van Houtte (H.P.), Granger
1863:— Flower strawberry red tinted
carmine purple, large, full, globular.
Growth vigorous. A. Cut. F.
Louis Waller (poly pom.) :— Flower
flesh pink. Growth dwarf. Bed.
Louise Baldwin (H.T.), S. M'Gredy
& Son 1919:— Flower rich orange,
with soft apricot shading over the
entire petal, long and pointed, sweet
scented. Growth vigorous, hardy,
free blooming. Bed. Cut.
Louise-Catherine Breslau (Fernet),
Jos. Pernet-Ducher 1912: — Flower
shrimp-pink shaded orange and
chrome yellow, large, full, globular,
bud coral red. shaded with chrome
vellow. Growth vigorous, branching,
free flowering ; distinct.
Louise Crette (H.P.), C. Chambard
1915 : — Flower snow white with
creamy centre, extra large, very
double, perfect form. Growth vigor-
ous, continuous bloomer. Exh. F.
Bed.
Louise Criner (H.T.), C. Chambard
1919:— Flower dazzling snow white
with creamy centre, large .and
double ; beautiful elongated bud.
Growth vigorous, branching, few
thorns, light green foliage ; per-
petual flowering. Cut.
Louise Lilia (H.T.) .-—Flower deep
blood red, almost black ; good
ing. Growth vigorous.
Louise Odier (B.), Margottin p.
1851:— Syn. "Madame de Stella"
(Guillot p. 1863) :— Flower bright
pink, large, full, scented. Growth
vigorous.
Louise Walter (poly pom.), Walter
1912:-Flower porcelain pink shaded
with white, very free. Growth vigor-
ous. Bed. P.
Los Angeles (Pernet), Raisers.
Howard & Smith ; distributors : Stu-
art Low & Co. 1918:-Flower of a
luminous flame pink, toned with
coral and shaded with translucent
gold at the base of the petals, frag-
rance equals in intensity " Mar6-
chal Kiel"; the buds are long and
pointed, and expand into a flower
of mammoth proportions. Growth
very vigorous, producing a continu-
ous succession of long stemmed
flowers.
Lucette (Wich) :— Flower small,
single, hydrangea rose, with white
centres and yellow stamen, scented.
Growth very vigorous Ar. Pil. Perg.
Lucida (Lucida) :-Flower bright red
single, handsome shining foliage,
assuming beautiful crimson tints in
autumn. Growth very vigorous, use-
ful for effect in wild garden ; very
hardv.
Lucida alba (Lucida) .-—Flower pure
white, single, useful for rockeries.
Growth moderate.
Lucida plena (Lucida) :— Flower pale
pink, deeper centre, double. Growth
moderate, distinct.
Lucile (Wich) :— Flower delicate flesh
pink, base of petals tinged with
rosy salmon, double, produced in
large clusters on strong shoots.
Growth very vigorous. Ar. Pil.
Lucie Bayer (T.) :— Flower crimson,
opening flowers tinted with rose.
Growth moderate.
Lucien Chaur* (H.T.), Soupert &
Netting 1913 :— Flower flesh coloured,
with clear rosy cream, large.
Growth vigorous ; free flowering until
late in autumn. F. Cut. Bed.
Lucy Ashton (S. Briar), Lord Pen-
zance 1894 : — Flower white with pink
edges. Growth vigorous. Bu. H.
Lucy Bertram (S. Briar), Lord Pen-
zance 1894 :— Flower deep crimson
with white centre. Growth vigorous.
Bu. H.
Ludwig Moller (H.P.), H. Kiese &
Co. 1914 : — Flower deep yellow,
changing to pure white, of good
form. Growth vigorous.
Lulu (H.T.), Walter Easlea 1919:—
Flower orange, salmon and pink ;
the longest bud of any rose yet
introduced. Growth vigorous, an
abundant and continuous bloomer.
But.
Lutea (Austrian Briar), Miller 1768
Rosa lutea type : — Flower jonquil
yellow, large, single. Growth vigor-
ous, very hardy. (Type.) B. G.
Lyon Rambler (Mult, ramb.) :—
Flower bright cherry red with white
centres, double. Growth very vigor-
ous. Ar. Pil.
Lyon-Rose (Pernet), Jos. Pernet-
Ducher 1907:— Flower shrimp pink
red at the ends nf petals, centre
coral red or salmon shaded with
chrome yellow, large, full, perfectly
formed, petals of great substance,
very fragrant. Growth vigorous,
at the ends of petals, centre coral
continuous flowering. Distinct. Exh.
Cut.
M*bel Drew (H.T.), Alex. Pickson
& Sons 1911:- Flower deep cream
;n the young state, passing to in-
tense canary-yellow in the centre
as the bloom develops, very large,
full, tea perfumed, carried on strong
and erect flower stalks. Growth
sturdy, vigorous, erect.
Mabel Morrison (H.P.). Broughton
1878 : — Flower white shaded rose,
large, fairly full. Growth robust.
402
Mabel Morse (Fernet). S. M'Gredy
& Son 1921:— Flower clear rich
golden yellow, sweetly scented, good,
foliage, free. Growth vigorous,
Macartney alba (Macartney) .—
Flower white, single. Growth ten-
der; requires a warm dry wall.
Maorantha (Hybrid of Species) :—
Flower flesh, summer flowering,
single. Growth vigorous. Bu. Pil.
Macrophylla (Species) :-Flower
rosy lake, single, distinct. Growth
vigorous, suited for a wild garden.
Macrophylla (Species) :— Flower
pinkish white, single. Growth vig-
orous ; the prickly-tip Indian rose.
Macrophylla Fragesi (Species) :—
Flower bright crimson, single,
distinct.
Macrophylla Rugosa (Species) :—
Flower white, edged with pink, very
Madam Butterfly (H.T.), E. G. Hill
Co. Itl9:— Described as a glorified
"Ophelia"; it is more vigorous in
growth. The bud is larger and the
colour more intensified. Exh. Cut.
Madame Abel Chatenay (H.T.), Jos.
Pernet-Ducher 1894 :— Flower bright
carmine rose shaded with pale ver-
milion rose and salmon, base of
petals deeper in colour, large, full,
high centred, bud long, of beautiful
shape, carried erect. Growth very
erinsr. F. Bed. Exh. Cut.
Madame Albert Marone (H.T.),
Ketten Bros. 1908: — Flower clear
orange yellow shaded saffron, pass-
ing to yellowish white, outer petals
frequently suffused rose, large,
fairly full, globular, imbricated.
Growth vigorous, very floriferous.
A. Cut. Exh. F. G. T.
Madame Alexandre Billion (II. T.), A.
Schwartz 1911 :— Flower cream tinted
rosy flesh, centre salmon yellow
tinted with rose, large, very full,
nice long bud. Growth vigorous,
erect. Bed. Cut.
Madame Alfred Carriere (N.P.),
Schwartz 1879 :— Flower fleshy white
on a salmon ground, large, full,
globular. Growth very vigorous,
climbing. A. Pil.
Madame Alfred Ponnier (H.T.). P.
Bernaix 1918 : — Flower fleshy white,
large, and full ; long bud. Growth
vigorous ; floriferous.
Madame Antoine Mari (T.), A. Man
1901 : — Flower rosy flesh, shaded
lilac, large, full, opening well, sweet-
scented. Growth vigorous. A. Cut.
Exh. G. T.
Madame Auguste Choutet (H.T.),
Godard 1901 :— Flower orange yellow,
large, full, fragrant. Growth very
vigorous, semi-climbing. Pil.
Madame Bardou Job (H.T.), F..
Dubreuil 1913 :— Flower chrome yel-
low and canary citron yellow, large,
full, of cupped form. Growth vigor,
ous; floriferous, very distinct.
Madame Berard (T.), Level 1871:—
Flower salmon yellow, shaded sal-
mon rose, large, full, imbricated,
sweet-scented. Growth very vigor-
ous, climbing, floriferous. A. Perg.
Madame Berkeley (T.). Bernaix
1898 :— Flower salmon white with rosy
centre, very large, moderately full,
long bud. Growth moderate. Cut.
Madame Cadeau-Ramey (H.T.), Jos,
Pernet-Ducher 1896 :— Flower flesh
pink, shaded yellow, edges of petals
carmine rose, large, full, sweet.
Growth robust, floriferous. G. T.
Madame Carnot (N.), Moreau 1889:
— Flower orange cadmium, passing
to golden yellow, medium to large,
very full, globular, sweet. Growth-
vigorous, climbing.
Madame Carnot (T.), Pernet 1893:
—Flower yellowish white, very large,
semi-double. Growth vigorous, flori-
ferous. A. Cut. Exh. G. T.
Madame C. Chambard (H.T.), C.
Chambard 1911 :- Flower rosy flesh
shaded salmon and saffron, base of
petals deep yellow, very large, open-
ing well, sweet-scented. Growth
Mlda°me Charles 'do Luze (H.T.),
Jos. Pernet-Ducher 1903 : — Flower
fleshy white, centre chamois yellow,
very large, full, globular. Growth
vigorous, floriferous, branching.
Cut.
Madame Charles Lutaud (H.T.),
Jos. Pernet-Ducher 1912 :— Flower
chrome yellow tinted with rosy scai-
let on the outer petals, very large,
full, of cupped form, carried on long
flower stalks ; buds ochre
yellov
tinted with carmine. Growth vigor-
Madame Charles "singeA'T.). Cle-
ment Nabonnand 1916 :— Flower of
garnet colour when opening, chang-
ing to purple garnet when fully open.
Growth vigorous.
Madame Chedane Cuinoisseau (T.),
Leveque 18?0 : — Flower canary yel-
low," large, fairly full, sweetly
scented. Growth vigorous, very
free. A. Bed. Cut. E. P. G. T.
Madame Clement Massier (N.), Na-
bonnand 1884 :— Flower creamy white-
edged pink, centre turkey red,.
Madame Con'stant Soupert (T.), Sou-
pert & Netting 1905 : — Flower deep-
golden yellow, tinted and shaded
with ' rosy peach, large, full, weir
403
formed, fragrant. Growth vigorous,
floriferous. Exh.
Madame Desiri Ciraud (H.P.),
Madame L. Giraud 1855 :— Flower
•white striped rose, crimson and
amaranth, large, full. Growth mode-
rate. A. Cut.
Madame de Watteville (T.), Guillot
1883:- Flower milk white, edged
bright rose, large, full, globular.
Growth moderate ; distinct. Cut.
Madame d'Hebray (Gallica), Pradel
1820:— Flower white striped with
rose, large and full. Growth mode-
Madame Drlout (T.), J. 'xhiriat
1903: Flower bright rose, striped
•cochineal carmine, large, full.
•Growth very vigorous, climbing. A.
Perg. Pil. T.
Madame Ducher (H.P.), Levet p.
1879:— Flower deep cochineal car-
mine, border of outer petals carmine
purple, large, full. Growth mode-
rate. A. Exh. G.
Madame D. Wettsteln (H.P.), Levet
p. 1884:— Flower old carmine red
shaded cochineal carmine, large,
•full, of cupped form, fragrant.
•Growth bushy, floritcrous.
Madame Edmond Cillet (H.T.), Jos.
Pernet-Ducher 1921 :— Flower of red-
dish nankeen yellow colouring,
slightly shaded with carmine lake
the end of petals, very large,
ul, elongated cup shaped;
graceful bud. Growth vigorous,
,
long
erect branching, with few thorns and
reddish green foliage.
Madame Edmond Rostand (H.T.),
Jos. Pernet-Ducher 1912 :— Flower
pale flesh shaded with salmon,
-centre reddish orange, large, full,
globular, fine long buds opening
well. Growth vigorous, free flower-
ing.
Madame Edouard Herriot (Pernet),
Jos. Pernet-Ducher 1913:- Flower
superb coral red shaded with yellow,
and bright rosy scarlet, passing to
prawn red, of medium size, semi-
double ; bud coral red shaded with
yellow on the base. Growth vigor.
ous. of spreading branching habit
with many long thorns and green
kro'i.zed foliage; perpetual flowering.
R-d. Cut.
Madame Emile Thierrard (H.T.). E.
Turba' & Cie. 1919 :-Flower bright
salmon rose tinted with yellow,
lar^e, full, of cupped form. Growth
Ma^amii Errera, Soupert & Netting
1899 -—Flower salmon yellow shaded
cle.-T yellow, large, full, sweet.
Gros\th vigorous, floriferous.
Madame E. Souffrain (N.), Chauvry
1897 -—Flower golden yellow, centre
salmon, outer petals carmine lake
changing to carmine purple, large,
full. Growth very vigorous, climb-
ing, thornless. Pil.
Madame Eugene Resal (C.), Guillot
1894 : — Flower changing from cop-
pery red to bright china rose on
orange ground, large, full. Growth
vigorous, very free flowering.
Madame Eugene Verdier (T.), Levet
1882 : — Flower deep chamois-yellow,
large, full, globular, very sweet.
Growth vigoreus, climbing. A.
Perg. Pil.
Madame Falcot (T.), Guillot fils
1858 .'—Flower nankeen yellow, large,
full, globular, beautiful in bud,
sweet-scented. Growth vigorous,
very free flowering. A. But. Cut.
F. G. T.
Madame Ferdinand Jamin (II. P.).
Ledechaux 1875 :— Flower crimson
carmine suffused rose Neyron red,
large, full, opening well. Growth
moderate, very free flowering. A.
Bed. Cut. Exh. F. G. T.
Madame Gabriel Luizet (H.P.), Lia-
baud 1877 .- Flower deep rose pink,
shaded mauve rose, large, full,
sweet-scented. Growth very vigor-
ous and free. A. Bed. Cut. Exh.
F. G. T.
Madame Camon (T.), Gamon 1905:
—Flower apricot yellow shaded
aurora on a goluen yellow ground,
large, full, opening well, sweet-
scented. Growth vigorous, very free
flowering. A. Cut. G. T.
Madame Georges Bruant (rug.),
Bruant 1887 : — Flower paper white,
large, semi-double, produced in
corymbs. Growth very vigorous,
very floriferous. B. T.
Madame G. Serrurier (T.), Soupert
& Notting 1909 : — Flower white, suf-
fused rose, large, full, free. Growth
vigorous. Bed.
Madame Gustave Metz (H.T.), J. B.
Lamesch 1905 :— Flower creamy
white, shaded flesh, extra large, full.
Growth vigorous, floriferous. G.
Madame Hector Leuiiliot (H.T.),
jos. Pernet-Ducher 1903 :— Flower
orange yellow changing to nankeen
yellow, tinted carmine, large, full,
globular, sweetly scented. Growth
vigorous, semi-climbing, very free.
Madame Henri Berger (T.), Bon-
naire 1901:— Flower rosy pink, centre
shaded bright rosy scarlet, large,
full, perfumed. Growth vigorous,
floriferous. A.
Madame Hoste (T.), Guillot 1887:—
Flower canary yellow, changing to
yellowish white, suffused rose, large,
full, of perfect form, globular, im-
bricated, long pointed bud opening
404
well, sweet-scented. Growth vigor-
ous, free. A. Cut. F. G. T.
Madame Isaac Pereire (B.), Gargon
1880: — Flower deep rose pink, shaded
globular, very sweet. Growth very
vigorous, climbing. Pil. T.
Madame Jacques Charreton (T.),
Bo
1898 .--Fl
shaded Japanese ye'lfpw reflexed
apricot, outer petals milky white,
large and sweet. Growth vigorous,
very free flowering. Exh.
Madame Jean Dupuy (T.), P. Lam-
bert 1901:— Flower golden yellow,
centre rosy yellow, edges of petals
dered rose, large, full, good form,
bor
fragrant. Growth very vigorous,
continuous flowering. A. Cut. G.
But.
Madame J. P. Soupert (H.T.), Sou-
pert & Netting 1900:— Flower yellow-
ish white, centre suffused clear rose,
large, full, fragrant. Growth vigor-
ous, free. Cut. Exh.
Madame Jules Bouche (H.T.), J.
Croibier 1910 :— Flower salmon white,
centre shaded pure rose, large, full,
of good form, buds long. Growth
vigorous, free flowering. Cut. G.
T. A. Bed. Exh.
Madame Jules Couchault (poly
pom.), E. Turbat & Cie. 1913:—
Flower bright vermilion red shaded
orange vermilion in the bud state,
opening to bright rose, of perfect
shape ; produced in long and erect
panicles. Growth vigorous. Bed.
Pot. F.
Madame Jules Cravereaux (T.),
Soupert & Notting 1900 : — Flower
succinum yellow, shaded soft salmon
iesh and pale pink, very large, very
full, sweet-scented. Growth very
vigorous, climbing, very free. Exh.
Pil.
Madame Jules Crolez (H.T.), Guillot
1896:— Flower satiny china rose,
large, full, of good form, long
pointed bud. Growth vigorous,
branching, free and continuous
flowering. A. Bed. Cut. G. T.
Madame J. W. Budde (H.T.). Sou-
pert & Notting 1906:— Flower bril-
liant carmine, large, full, elongated
bud. Growth vigorous, erect, free.
Cut. F.
Madame Leon Pain (H.T.), P. Guil-
lot 1904:— Flower silvery flesh, centre
yellowish orange, large, full, sweet,
elongated bud. Growth vigorous,
floriferous. A. Cut. F. T.
Madame Lombard (T.), Lacharme
1877 : — Flower rosy flesh and bright
rose, outer petals purple rose, large,
full, high-centred, opening well.
Growth vigorous, free flowering. A.
Cut. F. G. T.
Madame Louis Blanchet (N.), God-
ard 1894 : — Flower mauve rose OB
pale pink ground, outer petals car-
mine purple, large and full. Growth
vigorous. A. Exh.
Madame Lucien Ballet (H.T.), Jos.
Pernet-Ducher 1911 .'—Flower rosy
flesh shaded with yellow, edges of
petals bordered deep carmine, large,
full and globular. Growth vigorous
and free, branching. G.
Madame Marcel Delanney (H.T.),
M. Leenders & Co. 1915 :— Flower
pale pink or soft rose shaded with
hydrangea pink, large, full and
fragrant, perfect form. Growth
vigorous and free. Distinct. Bed.
Madame Maurice Capron (H.T.), P.
Guillot 1913 : — Flower deep apricot
yellow, reverse of petals deep nan-
keen with salmon and aurora shad-
ings, large, fairly full, of cupped
form. Growth vigorous, free branch-
Madame Maurice de Luze (H.T.),
Jos. Pernet-Ducher 1907 :— Flower
deep rose pink with cochineal car-
mine centre, reverse of petals paler,
large, full, of cupped form, sweet-
scented, carried on long and stiff
stems. Growth vigorous and free
flowering. A. Cut. F. Bed. G. T.
Exh.
Madame Moreau (Moss), Moreau-
Robert 1872 :— Flower carmine pur-
ple, striped white, large, full.
Growth vigorous. B. G.
Madame Moreau (T.), Moreau 1889:
— Flower yellowish salmon with rosy
centre, large, full, fragrant. Growth
very vigorous, semi-climbing, flori-
ferous.
Madame Norbert Levavasseur (poly
pom.), Levavasseur & fils 1903:—
small. Growth vigorous, robust, free
flowering. A. Bed. E. F. G. P. T.
Madame Paul Marmy (T.), Marmy
1884:— Flower clear yellow, shaded
soft pink on a maize yellow ground,
medium, full. Growth very vigorous,
climbing, very free flowering. A.
Exh. Perg. Pil.
Madame Paul Olivier (H.T.), Jos.
Pernet-Ducher 1902 :— Flower apricot
yellow, bordered carmine rose, very
large, full, globular. Growth vigor-
ous, erect, free.
Madame Paul Parmentier (H.T.),
F. Gillot 1919:— Flower salmon yel-
low and flesh coloured, tinted cop-
pery and saffron hue, large, full,
sweetly scented; buds clear yellow
borne on erect flower stalks.
Growth vigorous, branching ; very
free flowering.
Madame P. Doithier (H.T.), C.
Chambard 1920 :— Flower rich pink,
shaded shrimp pink, very large;
elongated bud carried on long and
405
stiff stem, coppery rose. Growth
double. Growth vigorous ; florifer-
Madame Pernet-Ducher (H.T.), Jos.
Pernet-Ducher 1891 : — Flower canary
yellow, outer petals washed carmine,
passing to creamy white, medium,
moderately full, fragrant. Growth
vigorous ; free flowering. A.
Madame Philbert Boutjgny (H.P.),
Ph. Boutigny 1913 :— Flower pure
bright rose, large, full ; buds of
perfect form, borne single on long
and erect flower stalks. Growth very
vigorous.
Madame Philemon Cochet (T.),
Cochet 1887:— Flower flesh, shaded
soft rose, medium, full, sweet-
scented. Growth vigorous, free.
Madame Pierre Cochet (N.), Cochet
1891:— Flower saffron yellow with
medium, full, scented. Growth
vigorous, free flowering.
Madame Pierre Oper (B.), Oger
1878:— Flower creamy white, outside
of petals lilac rose, medium size,
full, globular, scented. Growth
vigorous.
Madame Pizay (H.T.), C. Cham-
bard 1920 : — Flower salmon blush,
large, of cupped form, with large
petals ; elongated bud, salmon flesh
coloured. Growth vigorous, branch-
ing, few thorns, deep green foliage ;
very free flowering. Bed. Cut.
Madame Preslier (T.), Aime Preslier
1903:— Flower coppery yellow with
orange rose centre, large, full.
Growth vigorous, free. A. Exh.
Madame Ravary (H.T.), Jos. Pernet-
Ducher 1899 :— Flower beautiful
orange yellow, large, moderately
full, globular, sweet-scented. Growth
vigorous, hardy, branching, free. A.
Cut. F. G. P. T.
Madame Raymond Chevalier (H.T.),
Appert P. Guillot 1917 :— Flower bril-
liant cherry red, bordered with blue
tints, large, full, and sweetly
scented. Growth vigorous, hardy,
free flowering; handsome dark green
foliage.
Madame Rene de St.-Marceau (T.),
P. Guillot 1898:— Flower 'carmine
Chinese yellow, shaded orange yel-
low, large, full, highly perfumed.
Growth vigorous, free flowering. T.
Madame Rene Gerard (T.), P. Guil-
lot 1897 : — Flower coppery yellow,
shaded capucine yellow, large, full.
Growth vigorous, free. A. Cut.
Madame Rene Cravereaux (rug.), J.
Gravereaux 1906 : — Flower soft lilac
rose, large, full, of cupped form,
very sweet. Growth vigorous. B.
Madame Robert (H.T.), C. Cham-
bard 1916 : — Flower nankeen yellow
with chamois reflexes, large and
Madame Ruau (Fernet), J. Graver-
eaux 1909: — Flower carmine shrimp
pink, reverse, base and edges of
Petals shaded with yellow, large,
ull. Growth vigorous and free flow-
ering. Distinct. Exh.
Madame Sadi Carnot (T.), Renaud
Gu6pet 1889 :— Flower yellowish
white, reverse of petal shaded sal-
mon rose, large, full'. Growth vigor-
ous, floriferous. A. Exh.
Madame Sancy de Parabere (Mult,
ramb.), Bonnet 1875: — Flower rose,
medium size, double, fragrant.
Growth very vigorous, climbing,
early flowering. Ar. Perg. Pil. W.
Madame Scipion Cochet (T.), Ber
creamy white on a succinum yellow
ground, centre shaded bright rose,
large, full, fragrant. Growth vigor-
ous, free flowering. A. G.
Madame Segond Weber (H.T.), Sou
pert & Notting 1907 .-—Flower clear
bright salmon rose, large, full, of
regular shape, fine stiff petals, open-
ing well. Growth vigorous, free
flowering. A. Bed. Cut. Exh. F. G.
Madame Taft (poly pom.), Leva
vasseur & ftls 1909 :— Flower rosy
crimson. Growth dwarf, bushy. An
improved form of " Madame Norbert
Levavasseur." Bed.
Madame Theodore Delacourt (H.T.),
Jos. Pernet-Ducher 1913 :— Flower
reddish salmon shaded clear yellow,
large, globular; long rosy scarlet
bud. Growth very vigorous, branch-
ing habit, possessing but few and
small thorns and reddish green
bronzed foliage. G.
Madame Trifle (T.), Levet 1869:—
Flower yellowish flesh, shaded sal-
mon, large, full. Growth vigorous,
climbing. A.
Madame Vermorel (T.), Marl 1900:
—Flower a mixture of buff, rose and
coppery yellow, extra large, full,
very sweet. Growth bushy, vigor-
ous, free flowering. Very distinct.
A. Exh. G.
Madame Victor Caillet (T.), Ber
naix 1891 : — Flower paeony rose, with
carmine reflexes, shaded salmon,
changing to white, medium. Growth
vigorous, free.
Madame Victor Rault (H.T.), J.
Croibier & Fils 1920 :— Flower salmon
white with bright orange yellow
centre, large, of fine cupped form ;
buds long. Growth vigorous, erect
branching, with deep green foliage.
Madame Victor Verdier (H.P.), E.
Verdier 1863 :— Flower strawberry
red, passing to clear cannine pnr-
406
pie, large, very sweet. Growth
vigorous, hardy. A. Cut. F. T.
Madame Vigor (H.T.), Jupeau 1901:
— Flower soft rose, suffused carmine,
edges of petals silvery white, large,
full, imbricated, fragrant. Growth
vigorous, free flowering. A. Cut.
Madame Wagram Comtesse do
Turenne (T.), Bernaix 1894 :-Flower
bright satiny rose, base of petals
sulphur yellow, suffused Chinese
rose, very large, full, opening well,
sweetly scented. Growth very vigor-
Mademoiselle Bonnaire (H.P.), Per-
net 1859:— Flower milky white with
Growth moderate, free. Cut.
Mademoiselle de la Vallelte (C.), A.
Schwartz 1909 :— Flower golden yel-
low, shaded coppery red, outside
of petals ruby, medium, full;
scented. Growth moderate.
Mademoiselle Thomas Jawit (H.T.),
A. Gamon 1910:— Flower salmon yel-
low, large, full, well formed, cupped,
fragrant, long bud. Growth vigor-
ous.
Maddalena Scalarandis (C.) :— Flower
deep rosy pink. Growth very vigor-
ous, free flowering. Bed.
Ma Fiancee (H.T.), Distributors:
D. Prior & Son, Ltd., 1922 :— Flower
dark crimson, sweetly scented, free
flowering; glossy mildew proof foli-
age. Grown under glass the blooms
come nearly black in colour. Growth
vigorous. Cut. F.
Magali Bonnefon (II. T.), Clement
Nabonnand 1916 : — Flower rosy pink,
base of petals golden yellow, reverse
of petals bright salmon rose, large,
semi-double, sweet perfume. Growth
vigorous. Bed.
Magda Zwerg (H.T.). O. Jacobs;
introduced by J. Felberg-Leclerc
1913:-Flower deep yellow, outer
petals changing to clear yellow
large. Growth vigorous, erect.
Bed. Cut.
Magenta (poly pom.), Barbier &
Cie. 1916:— Flower reddish violet with
magenta centre, medium, semi-
double, of cupped form, produced in
large clusters. Growth dwarf.
Distinct.
Magna Charta (H.P.), Wm. Paul
ft Son 1876:— Flower clear rose
shaded carmine, large, full, globular,
sweetly scented. Growth vigorous,
floriferous. A. F. G.
Magnolia (II. T.) :— Flower lemon
white, large deep petals, scented,
good foliage. Growth vigorous.
Maharajah (II. P.), B. Cant 1904:—
Flower deep velvety crimson, large,
ingle, and free. Vigorous.
Maiden's Blush, Collection Royal
sin
aien's us, oecton oya
Botanical Gardens Kew 1797:—
Flower soft blush.
Maid Marion (H.T.) :-Flower light
carmine rose, reverse of petals sil-
very satin, large. Growth vigorous.
Majestic (H.T.), Wm. Paul & Son
1914:— Flower carmine rose, very
large; bud long and full. Growth
strong and erect. Bed. Cut. Exh.
Major Peirson (H.T.), Ph. Le Cornu
1915: — Buds deep orange yellow, be-
coming lighter at the edges when
full; free flowering, decorative.
Martian Cochet (T.), Sc. Cochet
1892:— Flower flesh-coloured rose,
flushed with carmine and salmon,
large, full, globular, high centred.
Exh. Cut. G. P. F.
Maman Levavasseur (poly pom.),
Levavasseur 1907: — Flower j;ose pink,
double, in trusses, free. A sport
from "Mme. H. Levavasseur."
Growth dwarf. Bed.
Maman Lyly (H.T.), Soupert & Not-
ting 1911 :— Flower delicate rosy
flesh, large, well formed. Growth
vigorous and very free. G. Cut.
Maman Turbat (poly pom.), E. Tur-
bat & Cie. 1911 :— Flower delicate,
china rose with peach and saffron
hue, reverse of petals fleshy
coloured, large. Growth vigorous
and upright. Bed. Cut. P.
Mamie (H.T.) :— Flower a full car-
mine with yellow base, deep petals,
large, full, good foliage. Growth
MancaUS(Single') :— Flower deep car-
mine, distinct, early. Growth vigor-
Manifesto (H.T.), S. M'Gredy 1920:
— Flower pearly flesh pink, tinged
salmon and apricot, exquisitely
shaped, long and pointed, very sweet
scented. Growth very free and
branching. Bed. G. Exh.
Manuel P. Azevedo (H.T.) :-Flower
cerise red, large, double, sweetly
scented. Growth vigorous.
Ma Paquerette (poly pom.), Guillot
1875: — Flower white, small, double,
in trusses. Growth vigorous.
Marcella (H.T.), Wm. Paul & Son
1913 : — Flower salmon flesh when
large, well-filled, very handsome.
continuous in blooming. A. Exh.
Cut. F.
Marchioness of Downshire (II. P.),
Alex. Dickson & Sons 1894 :— Flower
light pink, shaded rose, open-cupped
shape, good foliage. Growth vigor-
ous. Exh.
Marchioness of Dufferin (H.P.),
Alex. Dickson & Sons 1891 :-Flower
bright rose, centre deeper, with
salmon rose reflexes, large, full,
globular. Growth vigorous. A
407
Marchioness of Londonderry (H.P.),
Alex. Dickson & Sons 1893 .'—Flower
ivory white, very large and full,
globular, with shell-shaped petals
of substance, .perfumed. Growth
vigorous, erect. A. Cut. Exh.
Marchioness of Lome (II. IV). Wm.
Paul & Son :— Flower rose colour,
full cupped, free flowering, fragrant.
Vigorous.
Marchieness of Ormonde (H.T.),
Hugh Dickson 1918 :— Flower clear
wheat straw on the outer petals,
with centre deep honey yellow, of
great site, very full, fine form, high
pointed centre. Growth vigorous,
Marchioness of Water ford (H.T.) :—
Flower salmon pink, free. Growth
vigorous.
Marechal Foch (poly pom.), Leva-
vasseur & fils 1918 :— Flower cherry
red, changing to crimson pink when
opening. Growth vigorous. In the
style of " Orleans-Rose," but more
brilliant in colour.
Marechal Nlel (N.), Pradel 1864:—
Flower golden lemon yellow, very
large, very full, globular, of perfect
form, highly perfumed. Growth very
vigorous, climbing, very free flower-
ing. A. Cut. F. Exh.
Margaret (H.T.), Wm. Paul & Son
1909:— Flower soft pink, large, full,
stiff petalled, buds long. Growth
vigorous, free. Cut. F.
Margaret Dickson (H.P.), Alex.
Dickson & Son 1891 :— Flower white,
with pale flesh centre, large, full.
Growth vigorous, erect. A. Cut.
Exh.
Margaret Dickson Hamill (H.T.),
Alex. Dickson & Sons 1915 :— Flower
deep shell-like petals flushed with
globular; very fragrant. Growth
vigorous, erect ; free flowering ;
leathery green foliage, with deep
crimson leaf stalks. Exh.
Margaretha (H.T.), Jos. Timraer-
mans 1916:— Flower yellowish with
pink and yellow centre, large, full,
of good form. Growth vigorous ;
Margaret Horton (H.T.) :— Flower
deep orange yellow, long, pointed
buds, well shaped, sweetly scented.
First-rate berding rose. F.
Margaret M. Wylie (H.T.) :— Flower
blush rose, flushed deep rosy pink to
edge of petals, buds very long and
pointed, sweetly scented. Growth
vigorous.
Margaret Molyneux (H.T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1909 :— Flower saf-
fron to canary yellow, shaded peach-
pink, semi-double, in small trusses.
Growth vigorous. Bed.
Margherita Croze (H.T.). Ketteo
Brothers 1911:— Flower carmine pur-
ple, changing to purple rose, with
deep rose pink shading at the bast
of the petals, large, full, opening
well, sweet-scented, buds elongated,
produced singly on long and erect
flower stalks. Growth vigorous :
very free flowering. Bed. Cut.
Marguerite Flsoher (H.T.). Ketten
Bros. 1905 .-—Flower creamy white en
greenish white ground, large, full,
imbricated, opening well. Growth
vigorous, floriferous, branching. A.
t. F. G.
Marguerite Quillard (H.P.), C.
Chambard 1915 :— A sport from
"Frau Karl Druschki," which it
resembles in colour and othtr
respects.
Marguerite Ketten (T.). Ketten
Bros. 1897 : — Flower yellowish peach
red, large, full, sweet-scented.
Growth moderate, floriferous.
Marie-Adelaide (Fernet), Soupert &
Netting 1912 : — Flower of constant
distinct deep orange yellow, large,
of perfect form, deliciously per-
fumed, fine long bud borne on erect
stems. Growth vigorous, red fdK-
age passing to deep green; free
flowering. Exh. Cut. f.
Marie Baumann (H.P.). Baumann
1863 : — Flower cochineal carmine
shaded carmine purple, large, full,
globular, opening well, very sweet.
Growth vigorous, free flowering. A.
Cut. G. I.
Marie Croibier (H.T.) .--Flower deep
china rose, very large, full. Growth
vigorous. A seedling from " Caro-
line Testout." Distinct. Exh.
Marie de Blois (Moss) :— Flower rose
cerise, large, full. Growth vigorous.
Maria Ducher (T.), Ducher 1868:—
Flower clear rose, large, full, globu-
lar, sweet-scented. Growth mode-
rate floriferous.
Marie Finger (H.P.) :— Flower bright
pink, deeper centre, globular.
Growth moderate.
Marie Leonide (Macartney) :— Flower
white, centre blush, glossy foliage.
Growth vigorous, tender. W.
Marie Lunnemann (H.T.), Jos. Tim-
mermans 1920 :— Flower delicate
pink, large, full, and of fine form.
Growth vigorous, branching; florifer-
ous.
Marie Mascuraud (H.T.) :— Flower
flesh white shaded with pale salmon
yellow. Growth vigorous.
Marie Pare (B.) :— Flower flesh
colour, deeper centre, distinct.
Growth vigorous.
Marie Pavie (poly pom.), Ajegatier*
1888 : — Flower pale flesh with rose
centre, in trusses. Growth dwarf.
408
Marie-Therese (Wich), E. Turbat &
Cie. 1915:— Flower inside of petals
carmine pink, outside of petals soft
rosy pink, produced in large clus-
ters. Growth very, vigorous, climb-
ing ; early flowering.
Marie Therese Dubourg (N.), God-
ard 1888:— Flower deep saffron yel-
low, medium size, full, fragrant.
Growth vigorous.
Marie van Houtte (T.), Ducher 1871:
—Flower sulphur yellow, border of
petals tipped mauve rose, large,
full, globular, opening well, sweetly
scented. Growth vigorous, free, and
continuous bloomer. A. Bed. Cut.
F. G. T.
Marie Zahn (B.) :— Flower deep vel-
vety crimson, large, full. Growth
vigorous. A.
Marjorie (H.T.) :— Flower flesh
Colour, scented. Growth vigorous.
Marjorie Bulkeley (H.T.), Hugh
Dickson 1921: — Flower clear pale
flesh pink with a creamy-yellow
sunset shading, sweetly scented,
large, and substantial, good form,
opening freely. Growth vigorous.
Distinct.
Marquis of Salisbury (H.T.) :-
Flower bright crimson. Very vigor-
ous.
Marquise Clementine Paveri (H.T.),
Ketten Bros. 1905 : — Flower silvery
mauve rose, base of petals salmon
coloured, large, full, opening well,
highly perfumed. Growth vigorous,
very free flowering, upright. A.
Cut. G. T.
Marquise de Castellans (H.P.) :—
Flower bright rose, very large, full,
good form, free flowering. Growth
vigorous. Exh.
Marquise de Canay (H.T.), P. Guil-
lot 1909:— Flower silvery rose, very
large, full, tea perfumed, erect
stems. Growth vigorous, upright,
free flowering. Exh. G.
Marquise de Pontoi-Pontcarre (T.),
Leveque 1894 :— Flower amber yel-
low, shaded apricot and clear rose,
full, sweet. Growth vigorous, free.
Marquise de QuerhoSnt (T.), Godard
1900:— Flower salmon red, centre
saffron yellow, suffused mauve rose,
large, full. Growth vigorous, very
free flowering.
Marquise de Sinety (H.T.), Jos. Per-
net-Ducher 1906 :— Flower ochre-
yellow tinted bright rosy scarlet,
changing paler with age, large, full,
cupped, buds carmine ochre. Growth
moderate, floriferous. Cut. Exh. F.
Marquise de Vivens (T.), Dubreuil
1885 : — Flower rose Neyron red on a
succinum white ground, large, full,
fragrant. Growth vigorous. T.
Marquise d'Hautpoul (H.T.) :—
Flower pink with salmon shadings,
free ; a fine garden and bedding
rose, sweetly scented. Growth vig-
orous.
Marquise Lita (H.T.) :— Flower car-
full, cupped, good foliage. Growth
vigorous. Exh.
Marquise Litta de Breteuil (H.T.),
Jos. Pernet-Ducher 1893 :— Flower
carmine rose, centre vermilion, large
and full, scented. Growth vigorous,
early and free flowering. Cut. Exh.
f . G.
Martha Drew (H.T.) .-—Flower
creamy white with rose coloured
centre, sweetly scented, large, well
formed. Growth vigorous.
Mary, Countess of llchester (H.T.),
Alex. Dickson & Sons 1909 :— Flower
petals of immense size. Growth
vigorous, erect, very free.
Mary Munro (H.T.) :— Flower car-
mine pink flushed saffron, full, globu-
lar, free. Bed.
Ma Surprise (Microphylla) :— Flower
white rosy centre, shaded salmon,
large, full, hardy. Growth moderate.
Mathilde Ries (C.), H. Kiese & Co.
1918:— Flowei brilliant scarlet red,
full, produced in large clusters.
Growth vigorous, branching ; very
& Sons 1915:— Flower brilliant
floriferous.
Maud (H.T.) :— Flower salmon-pink,
buds rich coral-red, good shape,
large, free flowering. Growth vig-
Maud Dawson (H.T.), Alex. Dickson
orange carmine, brilliant cerise, of
ideal shape ; tea perfumed. Growth
vigorous ; floriferous.
Maurice Bernardin (H.P.) :— Flower
vermilion, very large. Growth vigor-
ous. Exh.
Maxime Corbon (Wich), Barbier &
Cie. 1918:— Flower coppery deep
yellow striped with red, passing to
apricot yellow, centre white tinted
straw yellow, fairly large; buds
bright deep coppery red. Growth
vigorous, climbing. A climbing form
of " L£onie Lamesch," from which
it sported.
Max Herdoffer (H.T.) :— Flower deep
rose, edged silvery rose, large, free.
Growth vigorous.
May Alexandra Lippiatt (H.T.):—
Flower pink with delicate ochre ver-
milion, large, perfect form. Very
vigorous. Exh.
May Bertram (S. Briar) :— Flower
rich crimson, free. Growth vigorous.
Bu. H.
Mayflower (T.), E. G. Hill Co. 1910:
— Flower creamy white, with laced
edge of lavender pink about each
409
petal, large, long, slender and •
pointed bud on long stems. Growth :
May Kenyon Slaney (H.T.) :— Flower
blush pink shaded with cream, good i
foliage. Growth vigorous.
May Marriott (Pernet), T. Robinson |
1917 : — Flower rich apricot to orange
red. Growth vigorous. Bed. G.
May Miller (H.T.), E. G. Hill Co.
1910 : — Flower back of petals copper
and bright pink, the upper surface ;
being peach and apricot, the bud is :
long and pointed. Growth vigorous, '
free flowering.
Mdlle. Argentien Cramon (H.T.):—
Flower carnation rose, white base ;
MdMe. Charlotte ChevallieM Fernet), ,
Chambard 1916 : — Flower deep >
canary yellow; shapely buds, sweetly i
scented. Growth vigorous. A bud i
sport from " Arthur R. Goodwin."
Mdlle. Josephine Burland (poly
pom.) : — Flower white, constant and
free. Growth dwarf. Bed.
Mdlle. Louise Crette (H.P.) :-Flpwer i
pure white, very fine. Growth vigor- j
ous. Exh.
Mdlle. Simone Beaunez (H.T.) :—
Flower pale flesh white, free flower-
ing. Vigorous.
Medea (T.), Wm. Paul & Son 1891 :
— Flower lemon colour, with canary
yellow centre, large, full, globular, '•
high-centred. Growth vigorous, flori- I
ferous. A.
Meg Merrilies (S. Briar), Lord Pen-
zance 1893 : — Flower bright crimson, ;
single, free flowering. Growth vig- j
Meha Sabatier (H.T.), Jos. Pernet- i
Ducher 1916 : — Flower bright crim- i
son, becoming darker when expand-
ing, large, full, and globular; bud ;
velvety crimson. Growth vigorous, '
of spreading branching habit. Bed.
Mermaid (H. Brae.), Wm. Paul &
Son 1918:— Flower sulphury yellow,
the deep amber stamens standing
out prominently and throwing a rich
shade of yellow over the whole of
the blossom, of great size, single,
produced continuously from early
summer till late in autumn. Growth
climbing ; the foliage is most effec-
tive, the leaves being very large
and massive, of a deep shining
green, and the young shoots tinged
with red. A very distinct acquisi-
tion to the single-flowered roses. W.
Pil. B.
Merveille de Lyon (H.P.), Pernet
1882 : — Flower pure white, sometimes
Melanie Niedieck (H.T.), M, Leen-
i : — Flo ^^
carried on "graceful stems." Growth
ders & Co. 1915 :— Flower vivid
yellow, large, full, opening freely,
vigorous, continuous flowering. Bed.
Melanie Soupert (H.T.), Jos. Pernet-
Ducher 1905 :— Flower salmon yellow
suffused with carmine pink, large,
globular, sweetly perfumed, long
bud, opening well. Growth vigorous,
free, erect. A. But. Exh. F. G.
T.
Melody (H.T.), Alex. Dickson &
Sons 1911 : — Flower deep saffron yel-
low with primrose edges, carried on
erect stems, of good size, well
formed, perfumed. Growth vigorous,
very free. Bed. Cut. F.
Mercedes (Rug.) : — Flower soft rosy
pink on a white ground, outer petals
white, large, good shape, sweetly
scented. Growth vigorous. Bu. II.
and cupped, produced singly.
Growth vigorous, robust, free. A.
Cut. F.
Merveille des Blanches (H.P.), Per-
net p. 1894:— Flower pure white,
centre washed lilac rose, large, full.
Growth vigorous. Cut. Exh. F. G.
Merveille des Jaunes (Poly pom.), £.
Turbat & Cie. 1920 :— Flower bright
coppery golden yellow, full ; bud
deep coppery yellow, opening well.
Growth dwarf.
Merveille des Rouges (poly pom.),
F. Dubreuil 1911 :— Flower velvety
crimson with whitish centre, cupped.
Growth dwarf, branching, perpetual
flowering.
Meta (T.), Alex. Dickson & Sons
1898 : — Flower crushed strawberry,
affron, base of petals
coppery yellow; different coloured
suffused with saffron, base of
flowers being produced on the same
plant, large, full, fragrant. Growth
vigorous, free. A. But. T.
Meteor (N.), R. Geschwind 1887:—
Flower purple rose tinted carmine
purple, large, full, very sweet.
Growth vigorous.
Mevrouw Boreel van Hogelanden
(T.), M. Leenders & Co. 1918:—
Flower flesh coloured, shaded car-
mine and pink, medium size ; full.
Growth vigorous. Cut.
Mevrouw C. van Marwyk Kooy
(H.T.), M. Leenders & Co. 1920:—
Flower white, centre Indian yellow,
sometimes coppery orange, large,
full, fragrant. Growth vigorous;
very floriferous. Bed. Cut. F.
Mevrouw del Court tot Krimpen
(H.T.), M. Leenders & Co. 1917:—
Flower flesh pink and pale pink with
deeper centre, sometimes shaded
coppery and orange, large, full, pro-
duced in great profusion throughout
the season. Growth vigorous.
Mevrouw Dora van Tets (H.T.), M.
Leenders & Co. 1912 :— Flower glow-
ing deep crimson, with a velvety
shading, medium, free flowering,
fragrant. Growth vigorous, robust.
410
Mevrouw Smits Qompertz (H.T.), M.
Leenders & Co. 1917 :— Flower yel-
Miss C. E. van Rossem (H.T.), H.A.
Verschuren & Zonen 1919: — Flower
orange and lilac rose, medium size,
Growth vigorous and branching.
Bed Cut
very free flowering.
M. H. Walsh (Wich), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1905:— Flower velvety-crim-
son, large, full, and perfect form.
Miss Connor (Pernet), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1920:— Flower delicate
canary on lemon, full, cup shaped,
Persian tea perfume. Growth vigor-
Microphylla repens (Species) :— A
variety of compact prostrate growth,
useful for rock gardens. Growth
moderate.
Midas (Pernet), R. Murrell 1919:
Flower golden-yellow to reddish
orange ; bud from " Mme. Edouard
Mignonette (poly pom^Guiilot i8si :
ferous. Bed.
Miss Dorothy Mocatta (H.T.) :—
Flower pale cream. Growth vigor-
Miss Ethel Brownlow (T.) :— Flower
bright salmon pin*, shaded with
yellow at base of petals, large, good
shape, opening well. Growth vigor-
ous.
miniature flowers in clusters. Growth
deep golden yellow, with coppery red
Milady (H.T.), A. N. Pierson 1918: •
— Flower closely resembling " Rich-
mond " in colour, large, full, well-
formed, carried on stiff erect stems.
to deep coral red. Growth vigorous.
Miss Marston (T.), Pries 1889:—
Flower yellowish white, edged lilac.
Mildred Grant (H.T.'), Alex. Dick-
son & Sons 1901:— Flower silvery
White, edges of petals shaded and
moderate, very free flowering. A.
Kxh. G. T.
Miss May Marriott (H.T.) :— Flower
petals sulphury white, of enormous
size, full, high centred, produced
singly. Growth vigorous, floriferous.
vigorous.
Miss M. J. Spencer (H.T.), Hugh
Dickson 1920 :- Flower clear, bright
Millicent (Mult. ramb). Wm. Paul
& Son 1914 : — Flower deep rosy pink,
outer petal shaded with carmine,
large clusters. Growth vigorous,
distinct. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Mimie Saunders (H.T.) :— Flower
vermilion, free flowering, lasting.
throughout, large, full, very freely
produced. Growth free, vigorous
branching, foliage bright vivid
green; continuous flowering from
early till late season.
Miss Stewart Clark (Pernet), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1916 :— Flower pure
MimTtpinMmr0(poly pom.), Barbier &
Cie. 1919 : — Flower soft crimson,
changing to purple rose and rose
Neyron red, fairly large, full, pro-
duced in large clusters. Growth
dwarf, branching free flowering. P.
Miniature (poly pom.): — Flower rose
shading to white. Growth dwarf.
Bed.
Minna (S. Briar). Lord Penzance
1895 :- Flower pure white, single,
large, petals tinted pale blush.
Growth bushy habit.
Minnehaha (Wich ramb.). Walsh
1905 : — Flower deep pink rosettes,
large, loose trusses; similar to
" Dorothy Perkins " ; late flowering.
Growth vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Miriam (Pernet), J. H. Pemberton
1919 : — Flower capucine, of globular
form, carried erect. Bed.
Miss Alice de Rothschild (T.), des-
cribed by the raisers as a dwarf
" Marechal Kiel " :— Free flowering,
•well formed blooms. Growth vigor-
ous.
chrome, medium, globular; ve*y
fragrant. Growth vigorous, erect
wood, very floriferous, beech-green
foliage.
Miss Willmott (H.T.), S. M'Gredy &
Son 1917:— Flower pale lemon with
a tint of rose on edges of petals,
large, exquisitely formed, sweet-
scented. Growth free and branch-
ing.
Mme. A. Nonin (Wich) :— Flower
clear mauve rose. Growth very
vigorous. Ar. Perg. Pil.
Mme. Audot (alba) :— Flower glossy
flesh, large, full. Growth moderate.
Mme. Bernard (T.) :— Flower salmon
orange and buff, large, full, free.
Growth vigorous ; south and west
wall, or conservatory.
Mme. Boursin (N ) :- Flower sulphur
yellow, large, full, good shape, free
flowering. Growth vigorous. W.
Mme. Caristie Martel (H.T.). Per-
net-Ducher 1916:- Flower pure sul-
phur yellow with deeper centre;
411
large and globular. Growth vigor-
ous
Mme. Charles (T.) :— Flower bright
apricot, large, full, globular.
Growth vigorous.
Mme. Charles Debreull (H.T.) :—
Flower salmon rose, shaded carmine
on reverse of petals, very large, full,
and of fine form. Growth vigorous,
Mme. Charles Monnier (T.) :- Flower
rosy flesh, centre yellow, shaded with
orange and yelow. Growth vigor-
ous.
Mme. Charles Worth (Rug.):—
Flower purplish crimson, double.
Growth vigorous. Bu. H.
Mme. Chauvry (T.) :— Flower nan-
keen, shaded with rose, reverse of
petals coppery, distinct. Growth
vigorous.
Mme. Claire Andruejol (H.T.),
Schwartz : — Flower pale pink, tinted
freely produced. Growth very vig-
orous.
Mme. Colette Martinet (H.T.) :—
Flower long golden yellow bud, not
too full, shaded with orange,
Growth vigorous. Bed.
Mme. C. P. Strassheim (T.) :—
Flower yellowish white in summer,
sulphur yellow, changing to buff, in
autumn, very free. Growth vigorous.
Mme. Cusin (T.) :— Flower violet
rose, with petals yellow at base.
Vigorous.
Mme. d'Arbay (Prov.) :— Flower
flesh, changing to white, produced
in clusters, early flowering. Growth
vigorous.
Mme. Edmee Metz (H.T.) :— Flower
bright rosy pink shaded with salmon,
free flowering. Growth vigorous.
Mme. Edmund Sabbyrolles (T.) :—
Flower petals yellow, interior orange.
Growth vigorous.
Mme. E. Cillet (H.T.) :— Flower red-
dish nankeen, slightly shaded with
carmine lake, large, full, elongated
cupped shaped flower, graceful buds.
Mme. E.V'Levavasseur (B.) :-Flower
bright red, tinted with carmine, free,
fragrant. Growth vigorous. A.
Mme. Ernest Calvat (B.) :— Flower
clear rose pink, free flowering.
Growth vigorous. A.
Mme. Eugenie Boullet (H.T.):—
Flower yellowish rose shaded with
carmine, large, almost full, cupped,
good foliage. Growth vigorous.
Mme. Eugenie-Verdier (H.P.).-
Flower salmon pink, sweetly scented,
good foliage. Growth \igorous.
Mme. Fabvier (C.):- Flower rich
fiery crimson, with white streaks,
very free. Growth vigorous.
Mme. F. Dubreuil (H.T.) :— Flower
j bright carmine, changing to rose
colour, scented. Growth vigorous.
! Mme. Fanny de Forest (N.P.) :—
| Flower salmon white, changing to
white, tinted with rose, large, full.
Growth vigorous. Bed.
• Mme. Hardy (D.) :— Flower white,
! large, full, foliage very light green.
i Growth vigorous.
Mme. Helen Duche (H.T.). E. Bua-
tois : — Flower soft rose, with silvery
; large, full ; handsome buds, pro-
duced single. Growth vigorous,
j branching.
| Mme. H. Montifiore (C.) :— Flower
i salmon yellow shaded with 'apricot
' and carmine. Growth moderate.
I Mme. Jean Sisley (C.) :— Flower
j white, slightly tinged with flesh.
! Growth very vigorous.
; Mme. Joseph Bonnaire (H.P.):—
Flower blush pink, very large,
'
! Mme. Jules Siegfried (T.):— Flower
j creamy white. Growth vigorous. A
' good climber. Ar. W.
I Mme. Laurette Messimy (C.) :—
i Flower rose shaded with yellow,
i distinct. Growth vigorous.
j Mme. Legras (alba) •:— Flower
th
j moderate.
[ Mme. Leon Constantin (T.) : —
| Flower satin pink, centre pale sal-
mon, large, full. Growth semi-climb-
ing. Pil.
Mme. L. Faucheron (H.T.) :— Flower
creamy white, sometimes tinted with
| pale sulphur yellow, long buds, good
foliage. Growth vigorous.
' Mme. Louis Leveque (Moss) :—
i Flower flesh colour, deeper centre,
! well mossed, good foliage, free.
! Growth vigorous. Bu.
Mme. Lucien Picard (H.T.) :— Flower
i salmon white, large, full, well-
i shaped, pointed buds. Growth vig-
' orous.
I Mme. Malpass (H.P.) :— Flower
| white, shaded chrome yellow.
Mme'. Margottin' (T.) :- Flower dark
globular, free flowering. Growth
vigorous.
'. Mme. Marie Lavalley (T.) : — Flower
! bright rose, shaded and reflexed
' with white, large, double. Vigorous.
i Mme. Paul Varin-Bermler (T.) :—
[ Flower yellow, very free, good folia-
G
j Mme. Pauvert (C.) :— Flower white.
j tinged with flesh, free. Growth vig-
I orous.
' Mme. Plantler (N.), Plantier 1835 :—
j Flower pure white, free, full and
J lasting, in large clusters. Growth
vigorous. Ar. W.
412
Mme. Portia Durel (Wich) :— Flower
pure snow white, very free. Growth
vigorous. Ar. Perg. Pil.
Mme. P. Perne (T.) :— Flower pure
saffron yellow, changing to whitish
yellow, beautiful in bud, medium
size, semi-double. Growth vigorous.
Mme. Stoltz (D.) :— Flower pale
straw, cupped, sweetly scented, foli-
age light green. Growth vigorous.
Mme. Zoetmans (D.) :— Flower
creamy white shaded with buff,
large, full, very light green foliage.
Growth vigorous.
Modesty (H.T.), S. M'Gredy & Son
1916 : — Flower the colour of the
guard petals, apart from the general
colouring of the flower, is washed
with and has a deep veining of ver-
milion rose, the remaining colour
of the bloom, generally, is a pearly
cream, faintly flushed rose. The
bloom is unusually long and pointed,
of perfect form, swe«tly scented.
Growth vigorous ; free flowering.
Exh. G.
Molly Bligh (H.T.), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1917 : — Flower deep maddery
pink, heavily zoned orange madder
at the base of the petals, large,
ideal shape, musk rose perfume.
Growth vigorous, branching; very
floriferous.
Molly Sharman-Crawford (T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1908 :— Flower deli-
cate eau de nil white, which becomes
purer as the flower expands, large,
full, perfectly formed, perfumed,
lasting a long time in good condi-
tion. Growth vigorous,, bushy, free
flowering. A. Cut. G.
Morgenglana (H.T.), G. A. van
Rossem 1916 :— Flower salmon flesh,
semi-double ; bud coppery orange,
opening well. Growth vigorous ; free
flowering. Bed.
Morgenroth (H.T.) :— Flower bright
crimson, with white centre, large,
very free, perpetual blooming.
Growth vigorous. Pil.
Morletti (Boursault) :— Flower pur-
plish rose, large, flat, showy.
Growth vigorous. Bu.
Morning Glow (T.) Wm. Paul &
Son:— Flower bright rosy crimson,
suffused with orange and fawn,
large, full. Growth rigorous.
Mosschata (Species) :— Flower white,
the wild briar of the Himalayas,
single, large clusters, fragrant.
Growth vigorous. Ar. Perg.
Moschata alba (Species) :— Flower
white with yellow stamens, large
clusters. Growth vigorous. Pil. G.
Moschata fl. pi. (Species) :— Flower
white, double, summer flowering.
Growth vigorous. Ar. Perg.
Moschata Himalayica (Species) :—
Flower white with yellow stamens,
single, summer flowering. Growth
very vigorous. Ar. Perg.
Moscosa Japonica (Moss) :— Flower
crimson, very deeply mossed, the
stems appear to be covered with
apple green moss. Growth vigorous,
distinct. Bu.
Mosella (poly pom.) :— Flower white,
tinted with pale rose, medium size,
borne in panicles. Growth dwarf.
Bed.
Mousseline (Moss) :— Flower white,
tinted when first opened. Growth
vigorous. Bu.
Mousseux du Japon (Moss), Japan:
—Flower deep rose, large, semi-
double. Growth vigorous; well
mossed. Distinct.
Moss Laneii (Moss) :— Flower rosy
crimson, well mossed. Growth vig-
orous. Bu.
Morts. Desir (T.) .-—Flower velvety
crimson, often shaded with violet,
large, double, good form. Growth
vigorous.
Moonlight (Hybrid Musk), Rev.
Pemberton 1913 : — Flower white
flushed with lemon-yellow, with
golden stamens, semi-single, in
clusters, sweetly scented. Growth
vigorous.
Moyesii (Species) 1909 :— Flower
brownish scarlet, distinct in flower
and foliage, single, summer flower-
ing. Growth vigorous. Bu.
Mrs. Aaron Ward (H.T.), Jos. Per-
net-Ducher 1907 : — Flower Indian yel-
low, occasionally washed salmon
rose, large, full, elongated, opening,
well. Growth vigorous, very flori-
ferous. A. Cut. E. Exh. F. G. T.
Bra. A. Byass (T.), Wm. Paul &
Son : — Flower madder rose, shaded
with crimson, occasionally marbled
with white, especially fine in autumn.
Growth vigorous.
Mrs. A. Glen Kidston (H.T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1916 :— Flower of
brilliant cinnamon (maddery orange),
rosy carmine colour, which, as the
bloom develops, becomes a charming
deep rose, pointed, beautifully
formed, very generously produced ;
delicate Persian perfume — which be-
comes sweetly, but strongly prim-
rose tea. Growth vigorous, branch-
ing and erect, large beech green
foliage. Bed.
Mrs. A. Klngsmill (Single) :— Flower
pale shell pink, very free. Growth
vigorous. Bed.
Mrs. Alfred Tate (H.T.), S. M'Gredy
& Son 1909: — Flower coppery-salmon,
shaded fawn, strong, semi-double,
long buds. Growth vigorous.
Mrs. Alfred Westmacott (T.) :-
Flower white, tinted pale rose, some-
times shaded with yellow. Growth
vigorous.
413
Mrs. Allan Chandler (B.) .—Flower
white, good foliage. Growth vigor-
ous. T.
Mrs. Ambrose Rlccardo (Fernet), S.
M'Gredy & Son 1914 :— Flower deep
honey yellow overlaid brighter
yellow, of great size and substance,
full, sweetly scented. Growth vigor-
ous, free, perpetual flowering.
Mrs. Amy Hammond (H.T.), S.
M'Gredy & Son 1911 :— Flower cream,
shaded amber and apricot, large
and full. Vigorous. Exh. G.
Mrs. A. M. Kirker (H.P.) :— Flower
•clear bright cerise, free flowering.
Vigorous. Exh.
Mrs. Andrew Carnegie (H.T.), i
James Cocker & Sons 1913: — Flower '
white, occasionally beautifully lemon
tinted, very large, well formed, and
every flower perfectly shaped, with
high centre. Growth robust; very
free. Exh. F.
Mrs. Annie Gregg (H.T.), Chaplin
Bros., Ltd., 1920:— Flower pale blush
pink, shaded salmon, sweetly
scented, well shaped. Growth vigor-
ous and upright. Exh. G.
Mrs. Archibald Mackey (H.T.) :—
Flower a large " Mrs. W. J. Grant,"
rather deeper in colour, fragrant.
•Growth vigorous. Bed. Exh.
Mrs. Archie Gray (H.T.), Hugh
Dickson 1914:— Flower deep creamy
yellow, opening to clear light canary
yellow, large, well formed, of great
substance ; long pointed buds open-
Ing freely. Growth upright, with'
shiny handsome foliage.
Mrs. Arthur E. E. Coxhead (H.T.),
S. M'Gredy & Son 1910 :— Flower
•claret-red, shaded vermilion towards
the edge, with bright rosy sheen
towards base of petals, full, large,
long and pointed, opening freely.
Growth vigorous, very floriferous.
Mrs. Arthur Johnson (Fernet), S.
M'Gredy & Son 1920 .'—Flower rich
orange yellow, shading to deep
chrome yellow, large, of good form
and substance, carried upright ;
sweetly scented, free, with attractive
bronze green foliage. G. Bed.
Mrs. Arthur Munt (H.T.), Alex. Dick-
son & Sons 1909: — Flower suffused
peach on deep cream, which be-
comes creamy-ivory as the flower
develops, large, full, perfectly
formed, delicately tea-scented, open-
ing well. Growth vigorous, very
free flowering. A. Cut. G.
Mrs. Arthur Robert Waddell (H.T.),
Jos. Pernet-Ducher 1908 :— Flower
opening reddish salmon, reverse of
?etals rosy scarlet, large, moderately
ull, long bud, opening well, sweet-
scented Growth vigorous, florifer-
ous. Distinct. T.
Mrs. Arthur Roblchon (poly pom.) :—
Flower glowing rosy red. Growth
dwarf. Bed.
Mrs. Bayard Thayer (H.T.) :—
Flower pale pink ; a form of the
famous "Mrs. Charles Russell."
Lasts well in cut state. Growth
vigorous. Cut.
Mrs. Bellenden Kerr (H.P.), Guillot
p. 1866 : — Flower pure white, centre
slightly shaded with salmon, medi-
um-sized, full, fragrant. Growth
vigorous. A. Cut.
Mrs. Bertram J. Walker (Fernet),
Hugh Dickson 1915 :— Flower clear
bright cerise pink, large, full, of
symmetrical form. Growth strong,
vigorous, upright branching, free
flowering. G. Bed. Exh.
Mrs. Bosanquet (C.), Laffay 1832:—
Flower white, with delicate flesh
centre, cupped and free. Vigorous,
free flowering.
Mrs. B. R. Cant (T.), B. R. Cant &
Sons 1901:— Flower bright rose, with
silvery reflexes, large, full, sweet.
Growth vigorous, very free. A. G.
Mrs. Bryce Allan (H.T.), Alex. Dick-
son & Sons 1916 : — Flower solid matte
(coppery) carmine rose, large, globu-
lar, imbricated, borne on erect
flower stalks ; highly perfumed.
Growth vigorous, erect wood, with
beech green foliage. Exh.
Mrs. Bullen (Pernet), Jos. Pernet-
Ducher 1916:— Flower cochineal car-
mine, shaded with yellow, passing
to carmine lake, large, moderately
full. Growth vigorous, branching ;
continuous flowering.
Mrs. Campbell Hall (T.), Dr. Camp-
bell Hall 1914:— Flower creamy-buff
suffused rose-carmine, with coral
fawn centre, large, full, well formed.
Growth vigorous.
Mrs. Charles Custis Harrison (H.T.).
Alex. Dickson & Sons 1910 :— Flower
deep carmine pink with shaded crim-
son reflex, large and free. Growth
vigorous.
Mrs. C. E. Salmon (H.T.), F. R.
Cant & Co. 1917 :— Flower soft sal-
mon pink, suffused orange, with
yellow base, single, in long trusses.
Growth vigorous.
Mrs. C. E. Shea (H.T.), S. M'Gredy
& Son 1917 :— Flower brilliant madder
red, shot with glowing scarlet, outer
petals show a deep rose shading
on an orange base, of medium size
and good form. Bed.
Mrs. Chaplin (H.T.), Chaplin 1917:—
Flower creamy pink with yellow
base, large and full, opens well.
Growth vigorous.
Mrs. Charles E. Allan (H.T.), Hugh
Dickson 1911 : — Flower pale neutral
orange, changing to clear ochre and
yellowish buff with age, medium,
very full, and perfectly formed; buds
414
long and pointed. Growth vigorous,
rery free. G.
Mrs. Charles E. Pearson (Fernet),
S. M'Gredy & Son 1913 :— Flower
orange, flushed red, apricot, fawn
and yellow, of medium size, fine
form, sweet perfume. Growth vigor-
ous, free branching. Bed.
Mrs. Charles Hunter (H.T.), Wm.
Paul & Son 1912:— Flower rosy crim-
son, changing to rose colour as it
expands, very bold, with large hand-
some petals, produced on strong up-
right stalks. Growth vigorous, free
flowering. Bed. F.
Mrs. Charles Lamplough (H.T.), S.
M'Gredy & Son 1920:— Flower soft
lemon chrome throughout ; large
size, depth, and substance, sweetly
scented. Exh. Cut.
Mrs. Charles Re«d (H.T.), Elisha
J. Hicks' 1914:— Flower pale cream,
tinted deep peach, base of petals
soft golden yellow, of fine shape,
tea perfume, long bud. Growth
vigorous, free flowering. Bed. G.
Mrs. Charles Russell (H.T.), Waban
Conservatories 1913 : — Flower rosy
carmine, with rosy scarlet centre,
large, full, fine form. Growth vigor-
ous, free branching. F. Exh.
Mrs. Conway Jones (H.T.) .—Flower
creamy white, flushed with salmon
pink, large, deep petals, good foli-
age. Growth vigorous. Exh.
Mrs. Corn wallis- West (H.T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1911: — Flower colour
between shell and rose pink, on
purest white, large, full, imbricated
form ; opening well. Growth vigor-
a profuse bloomer. Distinct. Exh.
Bed. P.
Mrs. David Balllie (H.T.), Hugh
Dickson 1912 .-—Flower bright madder
orm ; opening w
us, erect. Exh.
Mrs. Curnock Sawcfay (H.T.), E. T.
Hicks 1920 :— Flower shell satiny-pink,
edged salmon-pink, with broad and
stout petals, full and pointed, well
shaped. Growth vigorous.
Mrs. C. V. Haworth (Fernet), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1919 :— Flower of
cinnamony apricot colour as it ex-
pands, developing into a delicate
biscuit buff with very delicate cerise
rose sheen on the reflex of the large
upstanding shell-shaped petals,
which are deeply veined saffron j
primrose, fairly full ; highly-perfumed
Persian-Primrose and produced in
great profusion on rigid flower
stalks. Growth vigorous, erect,
branching. Bed.
Mrs. C. W. Dunbar-Buller (H.T.), j
Alex. Dickson & Sons 1919 :— Flower
veined, warm, clear rosy deep car-
mine, with lemon base, opening to |
rose madder; the reflex of the petals |
form, strongly perfumed. Growth j
erect ; leathery deep green foliage ;
carmine, with the delicate vemings
of the petals a deeper shade,
medium, of camelia form, with petals
evenly reflexed, high-pointed centre,
opening freely, sweetly perfumed.
Growth strong, free branching, up-
right, free flowering. Bed. Cut.
Mrs. David Jardine (H.T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1908 :— Flower bright
rosy pink, shading in the outer
petals to salmon pink, very large,
full, of imbricated form, highly per-
fumed. Growth vigorous, erect, flori-
ferous. C. Exh. F. G.
Mrs. David M'Kee (H.T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1904 :— Flower amber
white, changing to sulphury white,
large, full, opening well, fragrant.
Growth vigorous, free flowering. A.
Cut. Exh. F. G. P.
Mrs. Dudley Cross (T.), Wm. Paul
& Son 1907:— Flower pale chamois
yellow, tinted in autumn with rose
and crimson, large, full, and sweet.
Growth vigorous, floriferous. Exh.
Mrs. Dunlop-Best (H.T.), Elisha J.
Hicks' 1916:- Flower reddish apricot,
base of petals coppery yellow;
sweetly scented. Growth strong and
branching; very free and decorative;
free from mildew. G.
Mrs. E. Alford (H.T.), Lowe &
Shawyer 1913 :— Flower silvery-pink,
large, full and free. Vigorous.
Mrs. Edith Stanley (H.T.), W. Eas-
lea 1919 :— Flower creamy-white,
richly shaded with Indian yellow; ex-
quisite shape. Growth vigorous.
Mrs. Edward Clayton (C.) :-Flower
coppery yellow tinted with white,
edges of petals carmine. Growth
vigorous.
Mrs. Edward Mawley (T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1899 :— Flower mauve
rose with bright rosy scarlet reflexes,
shaded salmon, very large, full,
high-centred, very sweetly scented.
Growth vigorous, free flowering. A.
Cut. Exh. G.
Mrs. Edward Powel (H.T.), P. Bcr-
naix 1910:— Flower velvety crimson,
large, full, of exquisite shape.
Growth vigorous, very floriferous.
Mrs.,E. C. Hill (H.T.), Soupert &
Netting 190R:— Flower pale pink with
coral-red reverse, pointed, full buds.
Growth vigorous. Bed.
Mrs. E. J. Holland (H.T.). S.
M'Gredy & Son 1909 : — Flower deep-
salmon rose with paler edges, large
and full. Vigorous.
Mrs. Elisha J. Hicks (H.T.), Elisha
J. Hicks 1919:— Flower soft flesh
pink, nearly white, scented, lasting
and free. Growth erect. Exh. G.
415
Mrs. E. Townshend (H.T.), P. Guil-
lot 1910:— Flower soft chamois rose.
Mrs. Fred Straker (H.T.). Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1910:— Flower
passing to rosy flesh towards the
edge, large, full, globular. Growth
vigorous, very free. Bed.
Mrs. Farmer (Pernet), Jos. Pernet-
Ducher 1918 :— Flower Indian yellow,
large, semi-double. Growth very
Mrs. Foley-Hobbs (T.). Alex. Dick-
son & Sons 1910:— Flower delicate
ivory-white, faintly tinged clear pink
on the edges of petals, very large,
full, well formed, tea-perfumed.
Growth vigorous, free, erect. Exh.
Cut.
Mrs. Forde (H.T.), Alex. Dickson &
Sons 1913:— Flower deep carmine-
rose on delicate rose-pink with
yellow base, large, full, and perfect.
Growth vigorous.
Mrs. Frank Bray (H.T.), Alex. Dick-
son & Sons 1912 : — Flower deep cop-
pery ecru, developing as flower
opens to a delicate fawn, with a.
shade of ivory shell pink, large,
full, well formed, fragrant. Growth
vigorous and branching, free flower-
ing. G. Bed.
Mrs. Frank Cant (H.P.). F. Cant &
Co. 1897:— Flower beautiful clear
pink, the edge and back of petals
orange pink reflex, spiral form, free.
Growth free.
Mrs. F. W. Flight (Mult. ramb.).
Cutbush 1905 .'—Flower deep pink
with blush centre, semi-double, in
large trusses. Growth vigorous,
early flowering. Ar. Pig. H.
Mrs. F. W. Sanford (H.P.), Curtis
& Sanford 1897 :— Flower blush,
large, full. Growth very vigorous,
Mrs! George Dickson (H.P.), Bennett
1884 : — Flower deep rose pink, chang-
ing to bright pink, large, double.
Growth vigorous, floriferous.
A.
silver
Cut. T.
Mrs. George Gordon (H.T.), Hugh
Dickson 1915 :— Flower bright rosy-
pink, flushed and edged with silvery-
pink, with yellow base. Growth vig-
Mrs. ' George Marriott (H.T.), S.
M'Gredy 1918 : — Flower deep cream
and pearl, suffused rose and ver-
milion, very large, of perfect form.
Exh. Bed.
Mrs. George Norwood (H.T.), Elisha
J. Hicks 1914:— Flower bright rich
pink, large and perfect, full/ scented.
Growth vigorous. Exh.
Mrs. George Preston (H.T.) :—
Flower silvery rose pink. Very vig-
full, perfectly formed, summer, free
flowering. Growth vigorous. Exh.
Mrs. Franklin Dennlson (H.T.), S.
M'Gredy & Son 1915 :— Flower porce-
lain white, veiled primrose yellow,
deepening to ochre at base, beau-
tifully pointed, of great substance;
very large, perfumed. Growth vigor-
ous ; free flowering. G. Exh.
Mrs. Frank W. Dunlop (H.T.):—
Flower rich pink, good foliage.
Growth vigorous.
Mrs. Frank Workman (H.T.) :—
Flower deep coral pink, free flower-
ing. Growth vigorous.
Mrs. Fred Cook (Austrian Briar),
cotta, edged with silvery white, large I
and full, free. Growth moderate.
Mrs. Frederick W. Vanderbilt (Per- I
net), S. M'Gredy & Son 1913:—
Flower deep orange red, shaded
bronze apricot red, large, perfect in
shape and form ; very fragrant.
Growth vigorous ; very free flower-
ing. Exh. G. Bed.
Mrs. Fred Searl (H.T.), Alex. Dick-
ton & Sons 1917 :— Flower fawny shell
pink, the reflex of petals warm sil-
very carmine rose, deeper at edges,
inside of petals richest fawn, large
size, globular form, produced in pro-
fusion; tea perfumed. Exh.
Mrs. George Roupell (H.T.), Elisha
J. Hicks, 1916 : — Flower coppery-yel-
low shaded orange, free flowering.
Vigorous.
Mrs. George Shawyer (H.T.), Lowe
& Shawyer 1911 :-Flower brilliant,
clear rose pink, large, well formed,
carried on stiff stems, long bud open-
ing well. Bed. Cut.
Mrs. Gordon Sloane (H.T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1912 .'—Flower deli-
cate copper sheen on deep salmon-
pink, free. Growth vigorous.
Mrs. G. W. Kershaw (H.T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1906 : — Flower glow-
ing deep rose-pink, large, full, of
perfect form, opening well. Growth
vigorous, floriferous. Exh. G. T.
Mrs. Harold Brocklebank (H.T.),
Alex. Dickson & Sons 1907 :— Flower
creamy-white, centre buff, base of
petals soft golden yellow, outer
petals frequently tinted with salmon
rose, large, full, perfect form,
sweetly perfumed. Growth vigorous,
very free flowering. Exh. G. Cut.
Mrs. Harwey Thomas (H.T.). P.
Bernaix 1905 :— Flower carmine lake,
shaded coppery red, base of petals
canary yellow, large, full, sweet,
elongated bud. Growth vigorous and
free. Distinct. T. A. Cut.
416
Mrs. H. D. Green (H.T.), Walter
Easlea 1918 : — Flower reddish bronze,
opening to flame and coppery-pink,
very fragrant, produced on fine erect
stems. Growth vigorous; the ample
foliage is of beetroot colour, afford-
ing a pleasing contrast to the
flowers. Exh. G.
Mrs. Henry Balfour (H.T.), S.
M'Gredy & Son 1918 :— Flower ivory
white with primrose shading at the
base, edge of petals vermilion rose
like a picotee. Exh. G.
Mrs. Henry Bowles (H.T.), Chaplin
Bros., Ltd., 1921:— Flower soft rose
pink, large, full, scented, deep petal,
good shape, form after "Mrs. W. J.
Grant"; free flowering, handsome
foliage. Growth vigorous and erect.
Exh. Cut. F. Bed.
Mrs. Henry Morse (Fernet), S.
M'Gredy & Son 1919 :— Flower bright
rose, washed vermilion, with clear
vermilion veining on petals, which
are of size and substance, perfect
in shape and form ; sweetly scented.
Exh. Bed. Cut.
Mrs. Herbert Hawksworth (T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1912 :— Flower deeply
zoned delicate ecru on milk white,
of good size and globular form, with
smooth, shell-shaped and massive
petals, tea perfumed. Growth
robustly vigorous and free flowering.
Mrs. Herbert Stevens (T.), S.
M'Gredy & Son 1910 :— Flower white
with a fawn and peach shading
towards centre, perfectly formed, tea
perfume. Growth vigorous, free-
growing, very floriferous. Bed. Exh.
Mrs. H. R. Darlington (H.T.), S.
M'Gredy & Son 1920 :— Flower
creamy yellow, very large, good
petals. Growth free and upright.
Exh. G.
Mrs. Hubert Taylor (T.), Alex. Dick-
son & Sons 1909 :— Flower shell-pink
edged with ivory and creamy-white,
large, well formed. Vigorous.
Mrs. Hugh Dickson (H.T.), Hugh
Dickson 1915 :— Flower deep cream
with heavy suffusion of orange and
apricot, large, of superb build, with
high pointed centre, delightful per-
fume. Growth vigorous ; very free
Mrs.Cr|sabelleXMilner (H.T.) :— Flower
ivory white, suffused with pink, and
delicately margined with mauve,
extra large, good form. Growth
vigorous.
Mrs. James Cocker (H.P.), Cocker
1899:— Flower delicate pale pink,
globular, large, full. Growth very
vigorous. Exh.
Mrs. James Lynas (H.T.), Hugh
Dickson 1914 .-—Flower peany pink
at base of petals, flushed delicate
rosy peach at edges and on reverse
of petals, large, full, beautifully
formed. Growth strong, vigorous,
upright branching ; free. Exh. G.
Mrs. J. Fred Hawkins (H.T.) :—
Flower rosy salmon pink, large
trusses, very floriferous. Vigorous.
Bed.
Mrs. J. H. Welch (H.T.), S.
M'Gredy & Son 1911 :— Flower bril-
liant rose-pink, free, large, well
formed. Growth vigorous. Exh. G.
Mrs. John Bateman (H.T.) :— Flower
deep china rose. Vigorous.
Mrs. John Cook (H.T.), John Cook
1919:— Flower white suffused with
delicate pink. The colour varies
with the season, the flush of pink
being more pronounced during cool
weather, while the bloom is almost
white during the long days of bright
sunshine. Growth strong, free. A
welcome addition to " White Killar-
Mrs. John Forster (H.T.) :— Flower
rich vermilion, sweetly scented.
Growth vigorous. Exh. G.
Mrs. John Laing (H.P.), Bennett
1887 :— Flower soft pink, shaded lilac,
large, full, finely shaped, globular,
fragrant. Growth vigorous, early
and late flowering. A. Cut. Exh. F.
G. T.
Mrs. John R. Allan (Fernet), Hugh
Dickson 1920 .'—Flower bright clear
soft rosy pink, large, full, and high
centred, of good form, with thick
leathery petals, nicely reflexed at
the edges. Growth strong and
robust, of moderate height. Exh. G.
Mrs. John Sneden (H.T.), P. Ber-
naix 1918 :— Flower cherry red shaded
amethyst, with madder red centre;
edges of petals white, full. Flori-
ferous.
Mrs. Leonard Petrie (H.T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1910:— Flower sul-
phur yellow with claret shading on
the reverse of petals, large, full,
fragrant. Growth vigorous, free.
Bed.
Mrs. Littleton Dewhurst (Wich),
j Pearson 1908: — Flower pure white,
double, in large loose trusses.
Growth very vigorous. A. Perg.
Pil.
Mrs. Mackellar (H.T.), Alex. Dick-
son & Sons 1915:— Flower centre
deep citron or delicate pure canary,
becoming pearly primrose white as
the blooms expand, large, with high
pointed centre, produced on rigid
flower stalks ; fragrant. Growth
vigorous, stiff and erect, floriferous.
G P.
Mrs. Maynard Sinton (H.T..), S.
M'Gredy & Son 1810 :— Flower silvery-
417
white with porcelain shadings,
pointed, full, good form, large. ,
Growth vigorous.
Mrs. M. J. Spencer (H.T.), Hugh
Dickson 1920 : — Flower clear bright
golden yellow, very sweetly scented,
large, full, freely produced, foliage
bright vivid green, summer and
autumn. Growth vigorous and
branching, mildew proof. Bu. G.
Mrs. Mona Hunting (H.T.). Hugh
Dickson 1916 : — Flower deep chamois
yellow, opening to pure fawn,
medium sized, full ; buds long and
pointed. Growth free and branch-
ing. G. Bed.
Mrs. Moorfield Storey (H.T.), E. G.
Hill Co. 1915:— Flower delicate pale
stems. Growth strong, vigorous and
upright.
Mrs. Muir Mackean (H.T.), S.
M'Gredy & Son 1912 :— Flower bright >
carmine crimson, of perfect shape
and form, fragrant. Growth vigor- •
ous, perpetual flowering. Exh. G.
Mrs. Myles Kennedy (T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1906 :— Flower silvery
white shaded buff, with pink centre,
large, full, perfect shape. Growth
vigorous. Exh.
Mrs. Oakley Fisher (H.T.), B. Cant
1921: — Flower cream and apricot, '
single, free and decorative, sweetly ;
scented. Growth vigorous.
Mrs. O. C. Orpen (D.) (O. G.
Orpen), B. R. Cant & Sons 1906:—
Flower pale rosy pink, single, sum- ;
mer flowering. Growth vigorous.
Bu. Pil.
Mrs. Paul (B.), G. Paul 1891:— i
Flower blush white shaded with
peach pink, camelia-like. Growth :
vigorous. Bed.
Mrs. Peter Blair (H.T.), Alex. Dick-
son & Sons 1906 :— Flower lemon
chrome, with golden-yellow centre, ;
medium size, moderately full, good :
shape, opening well, deliciously per-
fumed. Growth vigorous, floriferous. \
Bed. Cut. F. G.
Mrs. P. H. Coats (H.T.), Hugh
Dickson 1909 :— Flower delicate milky
white, large, fairly full. Growth ,
vigorous, free flowering. Bed.
Mrs. Philip Le Cornu (H.T.), Philip i
Le Cornu 1911 .'—Flower glowing i
cerise crimson, medium-sized, mode- ;
ratcly full. Growth vigorous; very
free and continuous flowering. Exh. ;
Bed.
Mrs. P. O. Baudet (H.T.) :— Flower
carmine rose, flecked with salmon
yellow. Growth vigorous.
Mrs. Ramon de Escofet (Fernet),
Walter Easlea 1919 :— Flower of in- I
tense flame crimson colour, in the ,
way of " George C. Waud," but !
larger. Growth vigorous; very per-
petual. Exh. Cut.
Mrs. R. D. M'Clure (H.T.), Hugh
Dickson 1913 :— Flower brilliant sal-
mon pink, large, full, of fine form,
produced on strong erect footstalks.
Growth vigorous, free, branching.
Mrs'. Redford (Fernet), S. M'Gredy
& Son 1919:— Flower bright apricot-
orange, perfect shape, petals re-
flexed, sweetly scented. An upright
grower with beautiful holly-like, mil-
dew proof foliage ; very free bloom-
ing. A great advance in hybrid teas.
Bed.
Mrs. Reynolds Hole (T.), P. & C.
Nabonnand 1900 :— Flower cochineal
carmine, shaded purple rose, re-
flexed carmine lake, large, full.
Growth vigorous, free. A.
Mrs. R. C. Sharman Crawford
(H.P.), Alex. Dickson & Sons 1894:
—Flower deep rosy pink, outer petals
shaded with pale flesh, edges and
base of petals white, large, full, of
cupped form, imbricated. Growth
vigorous, floriferous. A. Cut. Exh.
F.
Mrs. Richard Draper (H.T.), Hugh
Dickson 1912 :— Flower bright reddish
satiny-pink to silvery-flesh, perfect
form, sweetly scented. Growth vig-
Mrs. Rosalie Wrinch (H.T.). Brown
1915 :— Flower shell pink, large, semi-
double, free. Very vigorous.
Mrs. Sam Ross (H.T.), Hugh Dick-
son 1912:— Flower shades from pale
straw colour to light chamois yellow,
with a distinct flush of buff on
reverse of petals, verv large, full,
very sweetly scented. Growth
strong, vigorous, and upright; very
Mrs'. S. T. Wright (T.), Alex. Dick-
son & Sons 1914 :— The guard petals
are delicate cadmium old gold; the
centre petals have a suffusion of
pure rose pink on cadmium orange
chrome, of a splendid constitution,
Mrs"1!^ K. Rindge (H.T.) -—Flower
clear rich chrome yellow, pointed.
Growth vigorous.
Mrs. Stewart Clark (H.T.), Hugh
Dickson 1907:— Flower bright cerise
pink to brilliant rose, scented, free
and perpetual, g'.ossy green foliage.
Growth vigorous and branching.
Mrs. S. Treseder (T.) :— Flower
lemon yellow, distinctly coloured.
MreT V/DeTacourt (H.T.) :— Flower
reddish salmon, shaded clear yel-
low, long rosy scarlat buds, good
foliage. Growth vigorous.
Mrs. Theodor Roosevelt (H.T.).
418
E. G. Hill Co. 1902:— Flower silvery
rosy white, reverse of petals peach
coloured, large, full, of imbricated
form, sweet-scented. Growth vigor-
ous, upright, very floriferous. A.
Mrs'. T. Hillas (H.T.), Jos. Pernet-
Ducher 1913 : — Flower pure chrome
yellow without shading, large, full,
of elongated cupped form ; buds
golden yellow, long and pointed.
Growth very vigorous ; erect, branch-
ing habit. Exh. G.
Mrs. Tom Paul (H.T.), Hugh Dick-
son 1920 :— Flower saffron yellow suf-
fused with pink, large and full ; long
pointed bud carried on long stems.
Growth vigorous, upright ; free and
continuous flowering. Exh. Bed.
Mrs. W. A. Lindsay (H.T.), Hugh
Dickson 1920 :— Flower delicate
peach pink, heavily zoned golden
yellow and fawn, medium, produced
in great profusion; buds long and
pointed, very sweetly scented.
Growth free, branching and upright ;
foliage dark green; continuous
flowering. G. Bed.
Mrs. Wallace H. Rowe (H.T.). S.
M'Gredy & Son 1912 .-—Flower bright
" Sweet Pea Mauve," large, full, of
food form. Growth perfect, free
owering. Distinct.
Mrs. Walter Easlea (H.T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1910 :— Flower glow-
ing crimson carmine, deepening to
petals satiny crimson, large, full,
fragrant. Growth robust, vigorous
and erect. Exh. F. G.
Mrs. Walter E. Martin (H.T.). L.
Reymond 1912 :— Flower inside of
petals clear rose, outside of petals
rosy white, large, moderately full.
Growth vigorous, erect.
Mrs. Wakefield Christie-Miller
(H.T.), S. M'Gredy & Son 1909:—
Flower pearly blush, shaded salmon,
outside of petals clear vermilion rose,
)arge, full. Growth vigorous, very
free. A. Cut. Exh.
Mrs. Wemyss Quin (Pernet), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1914 :— Flower in-
tense lemon-chrome, washed with a
delicate, but solid, maddery orange,
becoming deep, non-fading canary
yellow with age, the guard petals
are singed crimson orange, with odd
reflexes, tipped brilliant, coppery
scented, good foliage, strong
grower. Growth vigorous.
Mrs. Wm. H. Cutbush (poly pom.).
Levavasseur & fils 1906 :— Flower sil-
double. Growth vigorous, free, con-
tinuous flowering. Bed. E. G. P. T.
Mrs. W. T. Massey (Single):—
Flower deep saffron yellow, promi-
nent anthers. Growth vigorous.
Bed.
Muriel Dickson (Pernet), Hugh Dick-
son 1915:— Flower deep reddish
copper, paling with age to cherry
red with coppery shadings ; buds
long and pointed, freely produced
from the earliest season till late
autumn. Growth strong and branch-
ing. Distinct. Bed.
Muriel Crahame (T.), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1896:— Flower pale cream,
faintly flushed with rose, centre peach
colour. In growth and character
similar to " Catherine Mermet," of
which it is a sport.
Muriel Jamison (Single), Hugh Dick-
son 1910 :— Flower deep orange cadi-
mum with Japanese yellow stamens,
single, free. Growth vigorous.
Multiflora (Species) from Japan 1781 :
—Flower pure white, large trusses,
early. Growth very vigorous. Ar.
Perg.
Multiflora grandiflora (Species), Ber-
naix 1886:-Flower pure white, known
also as " polyantha grandiflora";
single, early. Growth very vigorous.
Ar. Perg.
My Maryland (H.T.). Cook 1909:—
Flower bright salmon-pink with paler
edges, free, fragrant. Vigorous.
Myrianthes Renoncule (Evergreen) :
— Flower blush edged with rose,
small, double, large clusters, dark
green shining foliage. Growth very
vigorous. Ar. Peig. Pil.
Klaarden (H.T.), G. A. van Kossem
** 1913 :-Flower creamy white with
salmon yellow centre, large, and full,
of perfect form. Growth vigorous ;
very floriferous.
Naiad (H.B.):-G. Paul 1D15 :—
Flower apricot-fawn to shell-pink
and rosy-white, large and semi-
double. Growth vigorous. Bu. H.
Nardy (T.), Nabonnand 1888:—
Flower coppery salmon, large and
full, globular, fragrant. Growth
branching, very floriferous. Distinct.
Mrs. Wilford Lloyd (H.T.) :— Flower
light rose pink, free. Growth vigor-
Mrs. William Cooper (H.T.) :—
Flower deep rose flesh, sweetly
,
bing, free flowering.
Natalie Bottner (H.T.), J. Bottner
1909 : — Flower soft creamy yellow,
large, full, perfectly formed.
Growth vigorous, free. Bed. Cut.
F. G.
Nathalie Nypels (poly pom.), M.
419
Leenders & Co. 1919 : — Flower rose
Neyron red, changing to hydrangea
pink, produced in large corymbs.
Growth vigorous, floriferous. Bed.
National Emblem (H.T.). S.
M'Gredy & Son 1915 :— Flower dark
Noblesse (H.T.), S. M'Gredy & Son
at primrose yel-
shading to vermilion towards edges,
full, sweetly scented; buds long and
pointed, perfect in shape and form.
Growth vigorous, free flowering;
foliage very glossy and mildew
proof. Bed. Cut.
Nederland (H.T.), H. A. Verschuren
te Zonen 1919 : — Flower deep red,
very large, of fine form, borne on
strong flower stalks. Growth vigor-
ous. Exh. Cut.
Nellie Parker (H.T.), Hugh Dickson
1916 : — Flower pale creamy white,
with deeper centre, frequently
flushed with blush at the tips of the
petals, large, very full, of beautiful
form, freely and abundantly pro-
duced. Growth strong, vigorous, up-
right branching, large handsome
foliage.
Nelly Verschuren (H.T.), H. A. Ver-
schuren & Zonen 1918 :— Flower of
clear yellow colouring; handsome
foliage. Cut.
Nemesis (Red Pet) (C). :— Flower
deep red. full, double. Growth
very dwarf and compact.
Nerissa (H.T.), Wm. Paul & Son
1912: — Flower creamy yellow shaded
with white, centre of flower tinted
peach colour, very large, full and
fine shape. Growth vigorous. Exh.
G.
Newport Fairy (Mult, ramb.) :—
Flower pink with white eye, single,
free flowering. Growth very vigor-
ous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Niponensis (Species) :— Flower rosy ;
red, single. Growth vigorous, !
distinct.
Nitida (Species) :— Flower rose pink, j
large, single, scarlet fruits. Growth j
NUihetos (T.), Bougere-Breton 1843: J
— Flower pure white, sometimes pale
lemon, large, full, long pointed buds,
very sweet. Growth moderate, very
free flowering. Cut. F. P.
Nita Weldon (T.), Alex. Dickson & •
Sons 1909:— Flower ivory-white, j
edged blush, long and pointed. I
Growth vigorous.
Nivea (Villosa) (Species) :— Also '
called "Moschata Alba"; flowers ;
white tinted with pink, prominent
golden stamens, large. Growth
rose. Growth vigorous, very free
flowering.
Noella Nabonnand (T.) :— Flower
velvety crimson, extra large petals,
semi-double. Growth vigorous.
Non Plus Ultra (Mult, ramb.) :—
Flower a dark coloured fawn of
crimson rambler. Growth very vig-
orous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Nova Zembla (rug.), H. W. Mees
1906 : — Flower pure white, centre rosy-
white, large, full, fragrant. Growth
vigorous, hardy; a white form of
" Conrad Ferdinand Meyer." Bu.
Cut. H. G.
Nuits d'Young (Moss) :— Continental
1845:— Flower blackish. crimson,
double and well mossed, fragrant.
Growth vigorous. Bu.
Nurse Cavell (poly pom.) :— Flower
a dark red sport from " Orleans "
rose. Growth dwarf. Bed. E.
Nutkaensis (Species) :— A rose from
the Western United States, flower
pink, large, single, glaucous foliage.
Growth vigorous.
Nutkana (Species) .-—Flower deep,
rose, free flowering, bright red hips.
Growth vigorous. Suited for wild1
garden.
Nuttalliana (Species) :— Flower pale
rose, free flowering, whole length of
shoots, followed by bright coral
pips. Growth vigorous.
Nymph (Mult, rarab.), Wm. Paul &
Son:— Flower the colour of apple-
blossom, single, produced in great
profusion, early summer flowering.
Growth very vigorous. Ar. Pil.
Oberhof partner A. Singer (II.P.) P.
^ Lambert 1914:— Flower clear cochi-
neal carmine, centre strawberry red,
large, full, very sweet, produced
singly. Growth bushy, very free
flowering. A. Cut.
Oberhofgartner Terks (H.T.), N.
Welter 1902 :— Flower mauve rose
shaded lilac rose, large and full, bud
long. Growth vigorous, free flower-
Oeillet (Prov.), Dupont 1800:— Flower
pink colour, of medium size, full.
Growth moderate.
Oeillet parfait (Gallic*), Foulard
1841:— Flower red, striped lilac and
purple, of medium size, full, of flat
form. Growth dwarf.
Okonomierat Echtermeyer (H.T.), P.
Lambert 1913 :— Flower deep carmine
rose with clearer and darker shad-
ings, very large, of regular form,
fragrant, pointed buds. Growth-
1917:— Flower apr
low, the outer portion of the petals
being flushed deep pearl pink tinged
Bed. Cut.
Old Blush China Rose (C.), Grono-
vius 1704 :— Flower bright silvery-
420
pink, semi-double, in clusters, free.
Growth vigorous. Bed. E.
Old Cabbage Rose (Prov.), L'Obel
1581: — Flower deep rosy-pink, open
and globular, fragrant. Growth
son, full, double, sweetly scented,
well-mossed. Growth vigorous. Bu.
Old Crimson China Rose (C.), Gil-
bert Slater 1789 :— Flower deep vel-
vety-crimson, semi-double, in clus-
ters. Growth vigorous.
Old Double Scarlet (C.) :— Flower
scarlet, free flowering. Growth
dwarf. E.
Old Cold (H.T.), S. M'Gredy & Son
1913:— Flower vivid reddish orange
with rich coppery red and coppery
apricot shadings, of medium size,
moderately full, carried rigidly up-
right ; sweetly scented. Growth
vigorous, continuous flowering ; mil-
dew proof. Bed. Cut. F.
Old Maiden's Blush (Alba), Dean
Turner 1551 :— Flower beautiful blush-
double, with grey foliage. Growth
white, with deeper centre, semi-
OW°rpink Moss Rose (Moss), Fur-
ber 1724 : — Flower pale rose-pink,
large, double, in clusters, buds well
mossed, fragrant. Growth vigorous.
Old Purple (Moss) :— Flower purple
tinted with blue. Growth vigorous.
Makes a fine tree.
Old Red French Rose (G.). Dean
Turner 1551 : — Flower rosy-red, self,
semi-double, in clusters. Growth
vigorous.
Old Rosa Mundi (G.), L'Obel 1581:
— Flower rose-red striped and varie-
gated with white, fragrant. Growth
vigorous.
Old Scotch Roses (Scotch), Brown
1793: — Flower yellow, white, pink,
rose, and crimson, double and single.
Growth dwarf. Bed. H.
Old Stanwell Perpetual (Scotch), Lee
1799:— Flower pale blush with pink
centre, small and double. Growth
dwarf. Bed. H.
Old Sweet Briar (S. Briar), Turner
1538:— Flower bright pink, single,
with apple scented leaves. Growth
very vigorous. Bu. H.
Old White Bath Moss Rose (Moss),
Salter 1810 :— Flower paper-white,
full, globular, well-mossed. Growth
Old0r(Wnite Cabbage Rose (Prov.),
Grimwood 1777 :— Flower paper-white
flowers, double and globular, frag-
rant. Growth very vigorous. Bu.
Old York and Lancaster Rose (D.),
Nicholas Monardes 1551 :— Flower
white to pale flesh, striped and varie-
gated, with rose and carmine red,
semi-double. Growth vigorous. Bu.
Oilett Flamand (G.) .-—Flower rose,
striped white and red. Growth vig-
orous. Bu.
Olive Whittaker (H.T.), Walter Eas-
lea 1920 : — Flower rich coppery rose
to cerise and salmon; exquisite in
bud. Cut. G.
Omiensis (Species) :— Flower a new
and very distinct species from China.
Ophelia (H.T.), Wm. Paul & Son
1912:— Flower salmon-flesh shaded
with rose, large, of perfect shape,
standing up well on long stiff stems.
Growth vigorous, very free flowering.
Exh. F. Bed. Cut.
Ophelia Supreme (H.T.), U.S.A.
1919 :— Flower salmon-flesh, shaded
with bright rose, large and perfect
Ophirie (N.), Gouba^t>li841 :— Flower
turkey red tinted madder lake,
medium size, full, globular, frag-
rant. Growth vigorous, climbing,
very free.
Oraoenta (H.T.) :— Flower brilliant
glistening shell pink, good foliage.
Growth vigorous.
Orleans-Rose (poly pom.), Levavas-
seur & fils 1909:— Flower brilliant
red, with white centre and carmine
petals. Growth vigorous, bushy,
free flowering. A. Bed. E. F. G.
P. T.
Oscar Cordel (H.P.), P. Lambert
1897:— Flower brilliant deep rose
pink, very large, full, sweet, pro-
duced singly; a good ro*e in autumn.
Cut. F. G.
Othello (H.T.) :— Flower dark crim-
son. Growth very vigorous.
Padre (H.T.), B. R. Cant & Sons
1920: -Flower with fine long petcils
of coppery scarlet colouring, flushed
with yellow at the base ; produced
on long shoots. Growth strong and
upright ; free flowering. Bed.
Panachee de Lyon (H.P.), Dubreuil
1895 : — Flower china rose, striped
brilliant purple, of medium size, full,
fragrant. Growth vigorous.
Panachee d'Orleans (H.P.), Dau-
vesse 1854: — Flower pale pink striped
deep rose pink, medium, full, frag-
rant. Growth vigorous. Cut.
Panachee double (Gallica), Vibert
1839:— Flower striped lilac and rose,
of medium size, double. Growth
moderate.
Papa Contier (T.), Nabonnand 1882:
— Flower purple rose, shaded car-
mine lake, large, semi-double,
sweetly scented. Growth vigorous,
very free. A. Cut. F. T.
Papa Hemeray (poly pom.) :—
421
Flower bright crimson with white
centres, large trusses, single ; dis-
tinct. Growth dwarf. Bed. E.
Papa Lambert (H.T.), P. Lambert
1899 : — Flower purple rose with
deeper centre, large, very full, open-
ing well, strongly perfumed. Growth
robust, free flowering. Cut. Exh.
Papilllon (T.) :— Flower coppery sal-
mon rose, semi-double, medium size.
Growth vigorous.
Paquerette (poly pom.) :— Flower
pure white, produced in panicles,
small, double. Growth dwarf. Bed.
E.
Paradise (Wich ramb.), Walsh 1907:
— Flower white edged with pink,
small petals, single flowers in large
clusters, twisted. Growth very vigor-
ous, distinct. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Parkfeur (Austrian Briar) :— Flower
brilliant scarlet red, medium size,
semi-double, single ; summer flower-
ing. Growth vigorous. Bu. H.
Parseval (H.T.), J. C. Schmidt 1912:
— Flower delicate cream, shaded
apricot towards the centre, suffused
rose when opening, large and full,
opening well. Growth vigorous,
branching, verv free flowering. Exh.
Paul N&el (Wich ramb.), Easlea
1920 : — Flower yellowish-salmon rose.
Growth very vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Paula (T.), G. Paul & Son 1908:-
Flower sulphur yellow with deeper
centre, large, double, very sweet.
Growth vigorous, branching, flori-
ferous. A. G. Exh.
Paula Clegg (H.P.), H. Kiese & Co.
1912 :— Flower scarlet crimson, large,
full, sweetly scented. Growth vigor-
Paiiline Bersez (H.T.) :— Flower
creamy white with yellow centre,
large, full. Growth vigorous.
Paul Lafont (H.T.), P. Guillot 1920:
— Flower golden yellow, gradually
shading to white, of globular form.
Growth moderate, hajrdy, foliage
Paul Led6 (H.T.), Jos. Pernet-
Ducher 1902 :— Flower fine carmine
rose shaded with yellow, large,
moderately full, cupped, verv sweet,
elongated bud. Growth vigorous,
very free flowering. A. Cut. Exh. F.
G. T.
Paul Nabonnand (T.), Nabonnand
Ig77 : — Flower bright rose centre,
sometimes salmon coloured, large,
full, sweet scented. Growth vigor-
ous, free flowering. A. Cut. F. G.
Paul Neyron (H.P.), Level 1869:—
Flower pure rose Neyron red, very
large and full. Growth vigorous,
free flowering. One of the largest
Roses in existence. A. Cut. Exh.
F. G.
Paul Ploton (Mult, ramb.) :-Flower
glowing carmine, double, rosette
shaped. Growth vigorous.. Ar. Pil.
Paul's Lemon Pillar (X.), Wm. Paul
& Son : — Flower pale lemon, coming
palest sulphur yellow. Growth vig-
orous. Pil.
Paul's Scarlet Climber (Wich) :—
Flower vivid scarlet, shaded with
sion, large clusters of medium" size,
semi-double. Growth very vigorous.
Pil. Perg.
Paul's Single White (H.P.) :— Flower
pure white, large, single. Growth
vigorous.
Paul Transon (Wich ramb.), Barbier
1902 : — Flower rose-coloured, flowers
large and double, scented with tea
rose scent. Growth vigorous. Pil.
Pax (Hybrid Musk), Ret. J. H. Pem-
berton 1918 : — Flower pure white with
golden anthers, semi-single, in large
clusters, free flowering. Growth
vigorous. Bed. Bu.
Pax Labor (Pernet), C. Chambard
1918 : — Flower pale golden yellow,
shaded coppery carmine, changing
paler; large and full; buds orange
and golden yellow edged with car-
mine. Growth vigorous, hardy ; very
floriferous ; foliage bronzy green.
Peace (T.) :— Flower pale citron,
showy, a sport from " G. Nabon-
nand." Growth moderate.
Peggy (H.T.), Alex. Dickson & Sons
1905 :— Flower saffron-yellow to pale
primrose, with claret reflex, free,
semi-double. Growth vigorous.
Peggy Aatbury (Pernet), Walter
Easlea 1920 : — Flower soft amber to
light yellow, beautifully formed.
Pembertcn's White Rambler (Mult,
ram.), Rev. J. H. Pemberton 1914:—
Flower pure white, large trusses.
Growth erect, free from mildew, late
flowering. Pil. Perg.
Perle (poly pom.), Easlea 1920:—
Flower white, semi-double, in large
clusters, on stiff stems. Growth
dwarf. Bed. E.
Perle do Feu (T.), Dubreuil 1893:—
Flower nankeen yellow, shaded Chin-
ese yellow, medium. Growth vigor-
ous, verv free. A.
Perle de Lyon (T.), Ducher 1872:-
Flower deep canary yellow, some-
times coppery yellow, large, very
full sweet-scented. Growth vigor-
ous floriferous. A. Cut. Exh. G.
Perie des jardins (T.), Level 1874:
—Flower chrome yellow, slightly
shaded copper, outer petals chang-
ing to creamy yellow, large, full,
globular, high-centred, opening well.
Growth vigorous, very free flowering.
A. Cut. Exh. F. G. t.
Perle des Jaunes (T.), Reymond
422
1903 : — Flower apricot, suffused pale
buff, large, full, sweet-scented.
Growth vigorous, very free. A. But.
. Perle des Neiges (Mult, ramb.) :—
Flower snow white, double, large
corymbs, free flowering. Growth
vigorous. A. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Perle des Panachees (Gallica).
Vibert 1845, Syn. "Village Maid":
— Flower white, striped lilac an3
pale violet, medium, double, flat.
Growth vigorous.
Perle des Rouges (poly pom.), Du-
breuil 1886 : — Flower velvety crimson,
with- reflex of petals light cerise,
double, small, imbricated. Growth
dwarf, very floriferous. E T.
Perle d'Or (poly pom.), 'Dubreui!
1883:— Flower nankeen-yellow, small,
perfect form. Growth dwarf. G.
Perle Orteanaise (poly pom.) :—
Flower bright rosy salmon shaded
golden yellow, green reddish tinted
foliage. Growth dwarf. Bed.
Perle von Qodesberg (H.T.),
Schneider 1902: — A sport from and
very much like " Kaiserin Auguste
Victoria," only with more yellow in
centre. A. Cut. Exh. F. G.
Perpetual Thalia (Perp. mult,
ramb.), Lambert 1901: — Flower pure
white, semi-double, in large clusters.
Growth very vigorous. Ar. Perg.
Perpetual White Moss (Moss).Laffay
1840:— Flower pure white, shapely
buds in large clusters, well mossed.
Growth vigorous. Bu.
Persian Yellow (Austrian Briar), \Vil-
lock 1833 : — Flower deep golden yel-
low, of medium size, semi-double,
globular. Growth vigorous. (Type.)
B. G.
Petit Constant (polv pom.). Soupert
& Netting 1890 :— Flower deep sal-
mon pink, orange buds, fragrant.
Growth dwarf. Bed. E.
Petit Leonie (poly pom.) :— Flower
cream shaded with rose. Growth
dwarf. Bed.
Petit Louis (Wich) :— Flower salmon
rose. Growth very vigorous. Ar.
Pil. Perg.
Petite Marcelle (poly pom.) :— Flower
snow white, very double, opening
well, free flowering. Growth dwarf.
Bed. E.
Petrine (H.T.) :— Flower coral red,
shaded chrome yellow, very free.
Growth vigorous.
Pharisaer (H.T.), W. Hinner 1900:
— Flower rosy white, shaded salmon
in the centre, large, full, long bud,
opening well, very sweetly perfumed.
Growth very vigorous, free flowering.
A. Bed. Cut. F. G. P. T.
Philadelphia (Mult, ramb.), Conrad
& Jones 1903: — Flower deep crimson,
double, in large trusses. In way of
" Crimson Rambler," but flowers
brighter in colour.
Philippine Lambert (poly pom.) :—
Flower silvery flesh with deeper cen-
tre. Growth vigorous and dwarf.
Bed.
Phyllis (poly pom.), Merryweather
1908:— Flower bright carmine pink.
Growth bushy, branching habit. Bed.
Pierre Hotting (H.P.), Portemer
1863:— Flower purple shaded ama-
ranth, large, full, globular, very frag-
rant. Growth vigorous. A. Cut. F.
G.
Pierre Oaro (H.P.), Level 1878:—
Flower carmine purple, cleared
cochineal carmine, large, full, frag-
rant. Growth vigorous. G
Pilgrim (H.T.), Alex. Montgomery
1920:— Flower a beautiful shade of
bright rose-pink, of good substance,
tea scent; the buds are long and
of good form. The stems arc
straight and strong. Growth vigor-
ous.
Pimpinellifolia (Species) : Native of
Britain : — Flower blush white, very
early single Scotch rose ; known as
the " Burnet Rose"; summer flower-
ing. Growth moderate. G.
Pissardii (Species) : — Flower white,
perpetual flowering, fragrant, semi-
climber. Growth vigorous. Pil.
Pink Pearl (H. Briar), Hobbies
1912:— Flower shell pink tinted with
salmon, single. Growth vigorous.
Pink Roamer (Wich) :— Flower pink
with silvery white centre, very showy,
clusters. Growth vigorous. Pil.
Pink Rover (T.), Wm. Paul & Son:
— Flower pale pink, deeper in the
centre, buds long, handsome, very
fragrant. Growth vigorous, semi-
climbing. But.
Piscocarpa (Species) :— Quite a tree,
with very small bright scarlet pea-
shaped hips. Distinct.
Poete Jean Duclos (II. T.), F. Gillot
1919:— Flower aurora pink shaded
with salmon, large, full, perfumed.
Growth vigorous, branching ; free
flowering. Cut.
Polyantha (poly pom.), Siebold 1827:
— Flower yellowish white, passing to
salmon yellow, small, full, flat, pro-
duced in large panicles. Growth
very vigorous. Ar. Perg. Pil.
Polyantha Crandiflora (Mult.
ramb.) :— Hybrid seedling from
" Polyantha," single, hardy. Growth
Pornifera (Species) :— Flower blush,
single, summer flowering, large hips.
Growth vigorous. Bu. G.
Portia (H.T.):— VVm. Paul & Son:
and centre of flower shaded with
423
yellow, large, full. Growth robust.
Pourpre Sanguine (C.) :— Flower
brilliant scarlet, good foliage.
Premier
vigorou:
(H.T.),
E. G. Hill Co. 1919 :
deep rose-pink in "cooler weather,
borne on stiff, thornless stems; deli-
ciously fragrant Growth free like
"Ophelia," with good foliage. F.
Cut.
President (T.) :— Flower rose, shaded
with salmon, large, good form.
Growth moderate.
President Bouch* (Fernet), Jos. Per-
net-Ducher 1916 :— Flower coral red
shaded with prawn carmine red,
medium sized. Growth vigorous,
branching, continuous flowering.
President Carnot (H.P.), Degressy
1891: — Flower geranium red, passing
to purple crimson, large, full, very
sweet. Growth vigorous. A.
President Dutailly (Gallica), Du-
breuil 1888: — Flower carmine purple,
outer petals shaded magenta, large,
full, cupped, scented. Growth vigor-
Presidemf MagnaudfTc.), Clement
Nabonnand 1916 :— Flower velvety
currant red, small, semi-double.
Growth vigorous ; free flowering.
President Poincar6 (H,T.),Roseraies
du Val de la Loire 1920 :— Flower
outside of petals bright pink, shaded
with lemon yellow at the base, border
of petals tinted purplish mauve, in-
petals rich tyrian rose shaded with
yellow, perfect form and fragrant.
Growth vigorous. Bed. Cut. F.
President Vignet (H.T.), Jos. Per-
net-Ducher 1911 :— Flower deep car-
mine red shaded bright poppy red,
large, full and globular. Growth
President Wilson (H.T.), H. A. Ver-
schuren & Zonen 1918 :— Flower
butter yellow. Growth vigorous.
President Wilson (Fernet). Walter
Easlea 1918: — Flower shrimp pink
and very large, produced upon vigor-
ous erect growths. Exh. Cut.
Preussen (H.T.), Raised by Loebner ;
introduced by VV. Kordes Sohne
1920 :— Flower dark red, large, full,
carried erect on stiff stems. Growth
vigorous. Bed. Cut. F.
Pride of Reigate (H.P.), A. J.
Waterlow 1885 :— Flower geranium
red, outer petals fucsin red, striped
white, large, cupped. Growth vigor-
ous, erect. A. Cut. Exh.
Prima Donna (H.T.), Wm. Paul &
Son 1917:— Buds yellow shaded with
orange and fawn, the petals tinted
and margined with rose, opening
flower paler, medium size, full of
good shape. Growth erect and
vigorous. Bed.
Primerose (H.T.), Soupert & Not-
ting 1912 : — Flower melon yellow dur-
ing the spring and summer, deepen-
ble,
of perfect form, long pointed buds,
sweetly perfumed. Growth vigorous,
erect, with red-green foliage ; flori-
ferous. Exh. Bed. Cut.
Primrose Pirrie (H.T.). Dobbie &
Co., Ltd., 1919:— A yellow sport from
" Lady Pirrie," which it resembles
in habit of growth.
Primula (poly pom.) :— Flower bright
china rose with white centre, sweetly
scented. Growth dwarf. Bed. E.
Pride of Waltham (H.P.), Wm. Paul
& Son :— Flower delicate flesh, richly
shaded with bright rose, very clear,
distinct, large, full, petals of great
substance. Growth vigorous. Exh.
Prince Arthur (H.P.), B. R. Cant
& Son 1875:— Flower brilliant rich
deep crimson. Growth vigorous.
Exh.
Prince Camille de Rohan (H.P.), E.
Verdier 1861, Syn. " La Rosiere "
(Damaizin 1874 :— Flower velvety
currant red shaded purple garnet,
medium size, full, imbricated, open-
ing well. Growth vigorous, very
floriferous. A. Cut. F. G. T.
Prince Charming (H.T.), Hugh Dick-
son 1916:— Flower deep reddish
copper, with old gold base, of
medium size and pointed. Growth
vigorous, free branching, foliage
bright coppery red in the young
state; flowering in profusion. Bed.
Prince de Bulgarie (H.T.), Jos. Per-
net-Ducher 1901 .-—Flower silvery
flesh, deeper in the centre, delicately
shaded with salmon and pale rose,
large, full, opening well, produced
on erect stems. Growth very vigor-
ous, free flowering. A. Bed. Cut.
Prince Engelbert Charles d'Arenberg
(H.T.), Soupert & Netting 1909:—
Flower bright scarlet, shaded pur-
ple, large, full, sweet. Growth vigor-
ous, very free. A.
Prince Eugene (C.) : — Flower rosy
crimson, good foliage. Growth vig-
orous.
Prince of Wales (H.T.), Easlea
1921:— Flower bright rosy scarlet, to
clear rose, broad petals, and bright
pointed centre.
Prince Theodore Galitzine (T.) :—
Flower deep orange yellow, produced
abundantly, large, full, opening
well. Growth vigorous.
Princess Adelaide de Luxembourg
(poly pom) :— Flower not unlike the
ranunculus, of a warm, clear pink
colour. Growth vigorous and dwarf.
Bed.
424
Princess Alice (Moss) :— Flower pale
pink, well mossed. Growth vigor-
ous. Bu.
Princess Bonnie (H.T.) .—Flower
rose crimson, sweetly scented, free
flowering. Growth vigorous.
Princesse de Beam (H.P.), Leveque
1884 :— Flower velvety purple, shaded
purple garnet, large, full, globular,
opening well. Growth vigorous, free
flowering. . A. Cut. F. G. T.
Princesse de Radzlwill (T.), Nabon-
nand 1886 :— Flower salmon rose,
shaded purple rose, large, full, frag-
rant. Growth vigorous. A. Cut. T.
Princess de Nassau (Musk) :— Flower
yellowish straw, cut very sweet,
double. Growth vigorous. Bu.
Princess de Sagan (T.) :— Flower
velvety crimson shaded with black-
ish purple, reflexed with amaranth ;
medium size, full. Growth vigorous.
Princesse Etienne do Oroy (T.), Ket-
ten Bros. 1898: — Flower amber yel-
low, shaded deep rose pink and
mauve rose to the edges of the
petals, very large and full, oper
well, of good substance. Growth
nis, branching, and ver
flowering. A. G.
igorous
"
:ry free
Prinses Juliana (H.T.), M. Leenders
& Co. 1918:— Flower deep crimson
of medium size, fragrant. Growth
vigorous, compact. Bed. Cut.
Princess Marie (Evergreen Rose) :—
Flower clear pink, medium size, full.
Growth very vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Princess Marie Louise (H.T.) :—
Flower pale rose with deeper centre,
good foliage. Growth vigorous.
Princess Marie Mertchersky (H.T.) :
— Flower bright silvery China rose,
:
ferous. Growth vigorous.
Princess Mary (H.T.), Elisha J.
Hicks 1915:— Flower scarlet crimson
with yellow anthers, single. Growth
moderate. Bed.
Princess Victoria (H.T.) :— S.
M'Gredy & Son 1921 :— Flower rich
salmon-cerise with a golden glow
at the base, broad petals, perfect
form, very free flowering. Growth
vigorous.
Prinzessin Hjldegard (H.T.), P.
Lambert 1914 :— Flower clear yellow,
sometimes pure sulphur yellow in the
centre, changing to cream-yellow,
large and full, of good substance,
produced on stiff stems; perfumed.
Growth vigorous, upright and free
branching. Exh. Cut. F.
Professeur Canlviat (T.), Perrier
1890: — Flower salmon carmine,
shaded carmine purple, large, very
full. Growth vigorous, very free.
Exh.
Prosperity (H. Musk), Rev. J. H.
Pemberton 1919 :— Flower white
tinted pink in bud, form rosette,
large clusters, perpetual flowering.
Growth vigorous. Bu.
Psyche (Mult, ramb.), G. Paul &
Son 1899:— Flower pale rosy-flesh
pink, base of petals suffused with
yellow. Growth very vigorous. Ar.
Pil. Perg.
Pteracantha (Species) : — Curious
thorny stems, flowers single ; a truly
remarkable plant.
Purity (H. Wich). Cooling 1898:—
Flower pure white with flesh centre,
Eointed, globular; handsome foliage,
ragrant. Growth very vigorous,
weeping standard. Ar. Pil. Perg.
[\ueen (B.) :— Flower buff-rose, free
^£ bloomer, large double. Growth
vigorous.
Queen Alexandra I. (Mult, ramb.)
1901 : — Flower rosy pink flowers, in
clusters, semi-double. Growth \ery
vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Queen Alexandra II. (Single), Rev.
J. H. Pemberton 1915 :— Flower pale
yellow, flushed with pink, perpetual
flowering, large and single, in clus-
ters. Growth vigorous.
Queen Mab (C.). Wm. Paul & Son
1896 : — Flower rosy-apricot, shaded
orange, beautiful in the bud.
Growth moderately vigorous. Bed.
fiieen Mary (H.T.). Alex. Dickson
Sons 1913 : — Flower zoned deep,
bright canary yellow, bordered at
the edges with pure deep carmine,
medium size, globular form ; frag-
rant. Growth vigorous ; most flori-
ferous. Bed. G.
Queen of Colours (H.T.). Hinner
1902:— Flower imperial pink, large,
very free. Growth vigorous.
Queen of Fragrance (H.T.), Wm.
Paul & Son 1915:— Flower bright
shell-pink tipped with silver, large,
double, delicious fragrance. Growth
vigorous, flowering freely in summer
and autumn. A fine rose, possessing
the true old rose scent.
Queen of Queens (H.P.), Wm. Paul
& Son :— Flower pink with blush
edges, large, full, perpetual flo
ing, very shoot being crowned with
a flower bud. Growth vigorous.
Queen of Spain (H.T.) :— Bide 1907 :
Flower pale flesh with deeper centre,
globular, very double, thick deep
wet. 'Growth moderate. Exh.
Queen of the Belgians (H.T.), Elisha
J. Hicks 1916:— Flower rich salmon-
pink, buds long and perfect. Growtli
vigorous. G. Bed. Cut.
Queen of the Musks (Paul's) (Hybrid
425
Musk), G. Paul 1912:— Flower
creamy white to pearl pink, with
red buds. Growth vigorous. Bed.
G.
Radiance (H.T.), J. Cook 1909:-
" Flower bright carmine salmon
shaded rose and coppery yellow-red,
large, full, fragrant. Growth vigor-
ous, very free. A. Cut. G. T.
Rainbow (H.T.) .-—Flower pink
striped and splashed with bright car-
mine ; perfect shaped buds, abun-
dant and continuous. Growth vigor-
ous. Bed. But.
R. Alba (Alba), LinnsEus 1763:—
Flower white semi-double with grey
foliage. Growth moderate. Bu.
Rambler Oriflame (H.N.) :— Flower
vivid rose suffused with coppery
gold, fountain-like sprays, glossy
foliage. Growth very vigorous. Ar.
Rankende Louise-Catherine Breslau
(Fernet), W. Kordes 1917 :— A very
vigorous climbing sport of " Louise-
which are of larger size but of the
same striking colour than the normal
type, are produced in great profu-
sion.
R. Arvensis (Ayr), Hudson 1762:—
Flower snow white with golden
stamens, single, cupped. Growth
very vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg. S.
Raymond (Fernet), Jos. Pernet-
Ducher 1916 :— Flower outer petals
peach-blossom with salmon carmine
or orange carmine centre, with
darker colouring at the base of the
petals, large, full, globular; long
bud. Growth very vigorous, spread-
ing, erect branching; glossy green
foliage.
Rayon d'Or (Fernet), Jos. Pernet-
Ducher 1910: — Flower cadmium-yel-
low as the bloom begins to open,
toning to sunflower-yellow when fully
expanded, large, full, globular, open-
ing freely ; buds long and pointed,
coppery yellow striped claret red.
Growth vigorous, free branching,
flowering in great profusion, bronze-
Flower rose-coloured, single, nearly
thornless. Growth vigorous. The
Hudson's Bay or Labrador Rose (N.
America).
R. bracteata (Macartney), Wendland
1798:— Flower ivory white with
golden stamens, large, single, with
fruity fragrance. Growth vigorous.
R. Calocarpa (Species), Bruant &
Andre 1891 :— Flower bright rose-red,
medium size, round and single, frag-
rant. Growth vigorous, vivid scar-
let fruits.
R. Canina (Species), Linnaeus 1753:
— Flower deep to pale pink, single
and fragrant. The Wild Dog Rose
of Britain. The best rose stock for
Budding Roses.
Recuerdo de Antonio Peluffo (T.),
Soupert & Notting 1910 :— Flower
light diaphanous yellow with pink
edged petals, large and double, of
Eerfect form, opening well and
reely. Growth vigorous, free flower-
ing. A. Cut. Exh. F. T.
R. Carolina (Species), Linnaeus 1762:
—Flower bright pink, single, in c
d ruddy hips.
Growth vigorous. North America.
Red Admiral (H.T.), Wm. Paul &
Son 1913 : — Flower bright cerise red,
large and handsome, produced in
masses. Growth vigorous. Bed.
Red Cross (H.T.), Alex. Dickson &
Sons 1916 : — Flower orange crimson
scarlet, Tea rose perfume. Growth
mildew. A. Bed. But. Cut. E. Exh.
G. T.
R. Banksiae alboplena (Banksian),
Rehder 1902 :— Flower white, small,
double, in clusters, fragrance of
violets. Growth very vigorous ; south
or west wall; tender. W. (China.)
R. Banksiae luteoplena (Banksian),
Rehder 1902 :— Flower straw yellow,
small, double, in clusters. Growth
very vigorous; south or west wall;
tender. W. (China.)
R. blanda (Species), Aiton 1789:—
bronzed branching wood, with waxy
leathery foliage. Bed.
Red Damask (D.) :— Flower self-red,
single, a form of "Rosa Mundi " ;
scented, free flowering. Growth vig-
Rred Letter Day (H.T.), Alex. Dick-
son & Sons 1914:— Flower velvety,
brilliant, glowing scarlet crimson,
opening to medium-sized curiously
cactus-shaped flowers, which do not
fade or burn in the sun, as the
reflex of the petals is satiny crimson
scarlet-colourings devoid of blue or
magenta, semi-double. Growth erect
and free-branching ; free and con-
tinuous flowering throughout the
Bed.
Red Pet (poly pom.), G. Paul 1888:
— Flower dark crimson to maroon,
miniature. Growth dwarf. Bed. E.
Red Provence or Cabbage Rose
(Prov.) : — Flower deep rose very
fragrant. Growth vigorous.
Red Riding Hood (poly pom.) :— See
" Rodhatte."
Red Star (H.T.), H. A. Verschuren
& Zonen 1918: — Flower fire red.
medium ; foliage like " General
Jacqueminot." Exh. Cut. G.
1 Refulgence (S. Briar), W. Paul &
426
Son 1908:— Flower scarlet crimson;
a good dark hybrid Sweet Briar,
almost single. Growth very vigor-
ous. Bu. H.
Heine blanche (Moss), Robert 1857:
—Flower pure white, large, full, of
flat form. Growth vigorous.
Reine Carola de Saxe (H.T.), Andre
Gamon 1902: — Flower flesh pink,
large, full, sweet-scented, elongated
bud. Growth vigorous, continuous
flowering. Cut. G. T.
Reine Emma ties Pays-Bas (T.),
Nabonnand 1879 :— Flower nankeen
yellow, shaded salmon, large, full.
Growth moderate, floriferous. A.
T.
Reine Marguerite d'ltalie (H.T.),
Soupert & Notting 1904 :— Flower
deep carmine, medium, full, sweet.
Growth vigorous, branching, very
floriferous. G. T.
Reine Marie Christina (T.) :— Flower
pale flesh, tinged with buff, beauti-
ful in bud. Growth moderate.
Reine Marie Henrietta (T.). Levet
1878 :-Flower cochineal carmine,
large and full, opening well, sweet-
scented. Growth very vigorous,
climbing, free. A. Cut. Perg. Pil.
Reine Mnre d'ltalie (H.T.), P. Ber-
naix 1910 : — Flower apricot ochre
yellow, blended washed in the centre
with yellow and deep rose pink,
large, fairly full. Growth vigorous,
very free.
Reine Olga de Wurtemberg (H.T.),
Nabonnand 1881 :— Flower bright
crimson, free, good shape, freely
produced, grand foliage, almost
evergreen. Growth very vigorous.
Ar. Pil. W.
Reine Olga de Wurtemberg (H.T.),
Nabonnand 1881 :— Flower bright
crimson, nearly evergreen. Growth
vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg. W.
Reinhard Badecker (Pernet), W.
Kordes' Sohne 1918 :— Flower resem-
bling "Rayon d'Or" in colour, in-
tense yellow with saturnine red
shadings on reverse of petals, very
large and full. Growth like " Frau
Karl Druschki," vigorous and up-
right; foliage large, deep glossy
green and free from mildew. Cut.
Relief (H.T.), H. A. Verschuren &
Zonen 1919 :- Flower white with light
yellow in the centre, large, of fine
form. Growth vigorous.
Rembrandt (H.P.), G. A. van Ros-
sem 1914:— Flower with reddish yel-
low centre, large, full, and perfectly
formed. Growth vigorous, hardy;
very floriferous.
Rene Andr6 (Wich. ramb.), Barbier
1900:— Flower dark saffron yellow,
shaded orange red, early, fragrant.
Growth vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg. E.
Weeping Standard. W.
Rene d'Anjou (Moss) :— Flower soft
pink, well mossed. Growth vigorous.
Bu
Renee Wilmart-Urban (H.T.) :—
Flower salmon flesh, large, full, good
foliage. Growth vigorous.
Renoncule (poly pom.), Barbier &
Cie. 1913:-Flower bright salmon
rose, of medium size, full, renun-
culus-shaped. Growth dwarf; free
and perpetual flowering. E.
Repens alba (Rug.) .-—Flower pure
white, free, continuous, weeping
habit. Vigorous. Bu. H.
Rev. Alan Cheales (H.P.). Paul &
Son 1896:— Flower pure lake, with
reverse of petals silvery white, large,
full, free flowering. Best in cool
weather. Distinct. Growth very vig-
orous. Exh.
Reve d'Or (N.), Ducher 1869:—
Flower Naples yellow with salmon
centre, large, full, fragrant. Growth
vigorous, climbing, free. Exh. Pil.
Rev. f. Page Roberts (H.T.), B. R.
Cant & Sons 1921 :— Flower golden
yellow, fine fruity scent, very full,
good bronzy foliage. Growth strong
Rev. Williamson (Austrian Briar) :—
Flower coral red, shaded carmine
lake, long deep coral red bud.
Growth vigorous. G.
Reynolds Hole (H.P.), G. Paul 1873:
— Flower geranium red shaded pur-
ple garnet with deep carmine violet
reflexes, large, full, globular. Growth
vigorous. A. Cut. F.
R. Cigantea (Species), Collett &
Crepin 1889 :— Flower white, single
and large, with yellow buds and
etals. Growth vi
Western China.
,
broad pet
igorous.
Rhea Reid (H.T.) :— Flower deep
crimson, with full centre, an im-
proved "Lady Battersea." Growth
vigorous and free. G. F.
R. Hugonis (Species), Herasley 1905:
—Flower brilliant pale yellow, single,
with rounded or notched petals.
Growth vigorous. Western China.
Richmond (H.T.). E. G. Hill Co.
1905 :— Flower pure scarlet red, large,
fairly full, generally carried single
on long and stiff stems, sweetly
perfumed. Growth vigorous, free.
A. Cut. Exh. F. G. T.
Rival de Paestum (C.) :- Flower pure
sweetly scented. Growth vigorous.
River's Musk (Musk) :-Flower pink
shaded with buff, very sweetly
scented, double. Growth vigorous.
R. Laevigata (Species), Michaux
1803 : The Cherokee Rose .-—Flower
pure white, large, single, with glis-
427
green. Growth vigorous. W.
R. laxa (Species), Retzius 1803:—
Flower white, single, erect growth,
clean stems. Vigorous. Siberia.
Pil. Perg.
Robert Scott (H.T.), R. Scott &
Sons 1901:— Flower rose, large, very
full, good foliage. Growth mode-
R. lucens (Species), \Vm. Paul & Son
1918 : — Flower pure white, single, in
clusters, with shining foliage, bronze
in winter. Growth vigorous.
Robin Hood (H.T.):— Flower soft
rosy scarlet, full, free, good foli-
age. Growth vigorous.
Robin Lyth (H.P.), Will Taylor 1898:
1823:— Flower white to flesh and
blush pink, large, single, with yellow
stamens. Growth vigorous ; stand-
ards.
R. Manelti (H. Species), Manetti
1820 : — Flower rose-coloured, semi-
double, erect. Vigorous growth,
clean stems and fibrous roots.
Growth seedling raised in Italy from
R. fraxinifolia. Used as a stock
for budding roses.
R. Moschata (Species), Miller 1768:
—Flower white, with yellow_ stamens.
form, not very full, sweetly scented,
erect. A. Bu.
Robusta (B.) :— Flower rich deep
crimson, sweetly scented, good foli-
age. Growth very vigorous. Stand-
ard. VV.
Roby (Mult, ramb.) :— Flower soft
rose on a lemon ground, buds car-
mine,- medium size, single, produced
in corymbs, free. Growth vigorous.
Ar. Pil. Perg.
Rodhatte (poly pom.), D. T. Poulsen
and musk fragrance. Growth vigor-
ous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
R. Moschata grandiflora (Species),
Bernaix 1886 :— Flower pure white
with golden stamens, single, borne
in clusters, with musk fragrance.
Growth the most rampant of all
climbing roses. Ar. Perg. S.
R. moschata nepalensis (Species),
large, semi-double. Growth vigorous
and free flowering. Bed. Cut.
Roger Lambelin (H.P.), Veuve
Schwartz 1890 :— Flower dark velvety
purple crimson, occasionally spotted
white and rose, medium sized, mode-
rately full. Growth vigorous.
Romeo (Wich), Walter Easlea 1919.
— Flower deep red, double and of
golden stamens, single, borne in
clusters. Growth very vigorous.
Syn. R. Brunonii.
R. Moyesii (Species), Hemsley &
Wilson 1900 :— Flower rich deep red,
shaded with chocolate, large, single,
with large red fruits. An introduc-
tion from China. Growth vigorous.
R. Multiflora (Species), Thunberg
1784:— Flower white, single, small,
in large loose clusters. Used as a
•stock for budding. Growth vigorous.
The Blackberry Rose. Syn. R. Poly-
antha.
R. Multiflora de la Grifferaie
(Species), Jamain 1846:— Flower
deep rose to blush, semi-double, in
clusters. Growth very vigorous. A
" Liberty." But.
Rosa acicularis (Species), Lindley
1820 : — Flower pale rose-pink, jingle,
early and hardy, with long scarlet
fruits. Growth vigorous. Russia,
Japan, and Alaska.
Rosa Altica (Single) :— Flower lemon
white with yellow anthers ; summer
flowering, free. Growth vigorous.
Pil.
Rosa Evers (H.T.), O. Jacobs; in-
troduced by J. Felberg-Leclerc 1913:
— Flower outer petals creamy white,
centre delicate flesh rose, large, full,
of sweet perfume. Growth vigorous ;
free flowering. Cut. F.
Rosalind (poly pom.), G. Paul 1907:
Flowers bright pink with deeper
buds, small, in large trusses.
Growth dwarf. Bed.
Rosa Lucida (Macartney) :— Flower
rose coloured, single, beautiful red-
dish foliage, with glossy appearance.
Growth vigorous ; requires a warm
dry situation.
Rosa Lucida Plena (Macartney) :—
Flower rose coloured, a double
miniature flower of " Rosa Lucida."
Rosa Mundi (D.) :— Flower red,
striped white ; the best of the striped
roses; fragrant. Growth vigorous.
This rose must not be confused with
the " York and Lancaster." G. Bu.
Rosa Andrea Meseimy (H.T.), P.
R. nitida (Species). Willdenow 1809 :
— Flower bright rose-pink, single,
with red wood and red foliage in
autumn. Growth 12 to 18 inches
in height ; leaves glossy ; coral red
hips. Useful for rock garden.
Bed. E.
Robert Betten (H.T.), J. C. Schmidt
1919 : — Flower pure brilliant deep car-
mine red, large and full, sweetly
fragrant. Growth vigorous, hardy ;
Robert Craig (Wich) :-Flower yellow
to white, like " Alberic Barbier " ;
428
Guillot 1914 :— Flower brilliant orange
ochre, shaded carmine, large, full,
of good form. Growth vigorous ;
free flowering.
striped yellow, medium size, fairly
full. Growth very vigorous, semi-
climbing, free flowering. A. But.
Rosita Mauri (H.T.), Ketten Bros.
Schmidt 1896 .'—Flower silvery shell-
pink, shaded with rose, large, single,
free, with glistening trifoliate leaves.
Growth vigorous. Syn. R. sinica
anemone.
Rose a parfum de I'Hay (rug.), T.
Gravereaux 1903 :— Flower purple
cochineal carmine, very large, fairly
large, full, sweetly scented, elon-
gated bud, produced singly on Ions
and stiff stems. Growth vigorous,
erect, free flowe/ing. Bed. Cut.
Rosomane Cravereaux (H.T.), Sou-
pert & Netting 1898 : — Flower white
with tinge of pink, very large and
full, sweet. Growth bushy, flori-
vigorous, floriferous. B.
Rose Apples (Rug.), G. Paul 1906 :—
Rosomane Narcisse Thomas (T.), P.
Bernaix 1908 :— Flower scarlet shaded
double, large petals, free. Growth
vigorous. A fragrant form of R.
Rugosa. Bu. H.
Rose Bradwardine (S. Briar), Lord
Penzance 1894 : — Flower clear rose
colour, large, single. Growth very
vigorous. Bu. H.
Rose Clop (H.T.), A. Schwartz 1913:
—Flower pale rose tinted carmine
with rosy white stripes, reverse of
yellow, large and full. Growth vigor-
ous, flowering continuously. Dis-
tinct. E.
Rouge Angevine (H.P.) :-Flower
poppy scarlet ; huge petals when ex-
panded, not unlike a paeony, scented.
Growth vigorous.
Rowena (VVich), VVm. Paul & Sons
1912 : — Flower carmine, changing to
mauve pink, large sprays. Growth
centre, large, full, fine form ; buds
elongated. Growth vigorous.
Rose des Peintres (Prov.), Flower
rose with deeper centre, very large,
full ; sweetly scented. Growth vigor-
ous.
Rose d'Esperance (H.T.), H. A.
Verschuren & Zohen 1918 :— Flower
of dark red to deep black colour,
after the style of " Chateau de
Clos Vougeot," of medium size. Bed.
Rose d'Evian (T.), Bernaix 1894:—
Flower purple rose, very large and
double, opening well, sweet. Growth
vigorous. A. G.
Rose d'Herbeys (T.), Andre
Schwartz 1902: — Flower deep canary
Rowland Hill (H.P.), R. Mack 1888 .
—Flower dark velvety purple garnet
changing to purple, large, full, im-
bricated, fragrant. Growth vigorous,
floriferous. A. Cut. Exh.
R. pendulina (Species), Linnaeus
1753 :— Flower purplish crimson,
single, pendulous orange fruits.
Growth vigorous.
R. pomifera (Species), Herrmann
1762 : — Flower bright blush to pink,
single, with large apple-like fruits,
red and hairy. Growth vigorous.
Bu.
R. rubrifolia (Species), Villars 1789:
— Flower bright pink with white eye,
single, with small trusses, with red-
carmine and salmon orange, large
and full. Growth vigorous, free
flowering.
Rose du Barri (H.T.), B. R. Cant
& Sons 1911:— Flower pure "Rose
du Barri " ; semi-double, perpetual
flowering. Growth vigorous. Bed.
Rose Premier (H.T.), E. G. Hill
1919:— Flower pure rose-pink, perfect
shape and free, fragrant. Growth
Rose°l Romarin (T.), Nabonnand
1888: — Flower carmine lake, base of
petals sunflower yellow, large, mode-
dish-grey wood and foliage ; summer
flowering. Growth vigorous.
R. Ruga (Ayr), Lindley & Clare
1830:— Flower shell pink to fleeh to
blush white, semi-double, in large
clusters, fragrant. Growth very vig-
orous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
R. Rugosa (Rug.), Thunberg 1784:
— Flower rosy-red, large, single, in
small clusters, fragrant, with large,
round, red fruits. Growth vigorous.
Bu. H.
R. rugosa alba (Rug.), Thunberg
1784:— Flower pure white, large and
ing, floriferous. Pil.
Roseraie de I'Hay (rug.), Cochet.
Cochet 1901:— Flower crimson red,
changing to rosy magenta, large,
Bu. H.
R. rugosa atropurpurea (Rug.), G.
Paul 1900:— Flower deep blackish-
Rosette de°W|a L^gion^crHonneur
(H.T.), Bonnaire 1895 :— Flower sal-
mon carmine, middle of flower
Growth very vigorous.
R. rugosa delicata (Rug.), Cooling
1898 .-—Flower clear soft rose colour,
429
large, single, and fragrant. Growth
very vigorous.
R. rugosa fimbriata (Rug.), Morlet
1891 :— Flower white tinted blush with
fringed petals, like a picotee, frag-
rant. Growth very vigorous. The
I' ringed Rugosa.
R. rugosa repens (Rug), G. Paul
1903:— Flower pure white, large,
single, and fragrant, with creeping
habit. Growth vigorous. The Creep-
ing Rugosa.
R. rugosa rubra (Rug.), Cels 1892:
— Flower rich ruby crimson, shaded
violet, large, single, and fragrant.
A red variety of the alba. Growth
very vigorous. Bu. II.
R. Sericea var pteracantha (Single),
Paul it Son 1906 :— Flowers pure
white, single, with 4 petals, in form
of Maltese cross. Fern-like foliage,
large ruby red spines, early flower-
ing. Growth vigorous, useful for
rockwork. Bu.
R. Sericea pteracantha (Species),
Franchet 1889 :— Flower white and
single, early, with large shining
crimson thorns on the young wood.
Growth vigorous.
R. Setigera (Species), Michaux 1803:
— Flower deep pink with golden
stamens, single, in small trusses,
with rounded red fruits. Growth
vigorous. North America. The
I'rairie Rose.
R. Setipoda (Species), Hemsley Si
Wilson 1906 :-Flower pink, small and
single, in large clusters, with bright
red fruits and bristly flower stalk.
China.
R. spinossissima (Species), Linnaeus
1753 : — Flower white, single, with
bristly and prickly stems. Growth
vigorous. Europe and Asia. The
Burnet Rose of Britain.
R. Spinossissima hispida (Species),
Kochne 1893 : — Flower sulphur-yellow,
large and single. Growth vigorous.
Growing in London gardens in 1781.
Bu. T.
R. Spinossissima altaica (Species),
Rehder 1902 :— Flower lemon white
with yellow stamens, large and
single, with small black fruits like
a currant. Growth vigorous. Cen-
tral Asia.
R. Watsoniana (Single), Crepin 1888:
— Flower pinky white, tiny and
single, in small clusters, with bam-
boo-like leaves and trailing stems.
Growth vigorous. Found in an
American garden in 1878.
R. Wichuraiana (Wich), Crepin 1886:
— Flower glistening white, single, in
clusters, with golden stamens, trail-
ing habit, and glossy leaves. Growth
very vigorous. China and Japan.
Ar. Pil. Perg. S.
R. Willmottiae (Species), Hemsley &
Wilson 1907:— Flower bright pink,
single, with broad petals and small
leaflets. Growth vigorous. South,
west China.
R. Xanthina (Species), Lindley 1820 :
—Flower lemon to buttercup yellow,
single, with light green and smooth
foliage. Growth vigorous. Afghan-
istan to China.
Rubella (Species) : — Flower rose
coloured, early, single. Growth vig-
orous. Bu.
Rubens (T.) :— Flower white, slightly
tinged with pink, well formed.
Growth very vigorous. Exh. Stand-
Rubin (Mult, ramb.), J. C. Schmidt
1899 : — Flower bright ruby-red, large,
semi-double, produced in large clus-
ing, hardy ; wood and foliage also
tinged with red. Distinct. Ar. Perg.
Pil.
Rubra (Rug.) :— Flower deep rose
shaded violet, large, single. Growth
vigorous ; a variety of " Alba." Bu.
Rubra Plena (Microphylla) :— Flower
rose colour, double, good foliage.
Growth vigorous, tender. W.
Rubrifolia (Species), Dr. Swainson
1804:— Flower pale red, small.
Growth very vigorous. Most attrac-
tive. B. G.
Ruby Gold (T.), J. O'Connor 1891:
—Flower golden lemon yellow, centre
salmon carmine, large, very full.
Growth vigorous. G.
Ruby Queen (Wich ramb.), Conrad
& Jones 1899:— Flower bright car-
mine with white eye, large, semi-
double. Growth very vigorous. Ar.
Perg.
Ruga (Ayr) :— Flower pale flesh, free
flowering. Growth very vigorous.
Ar. Perg. E.
Rugosa alba (Rug.) :— Flower white;
a sport from " Rugosa rubra " ;
single, fine foliage. Growth vigor-
ous. Bu. H. T.
Rugosa rubra (rug.), Thunberg : —
Flower violet red, large, single.
Growth vigorous. B.
Rugosa rubra plena (rug.), Regel.
Syn. " Hymalayensis," " Kaiserin
des Nordens " .-—Flower purple violet
red, large, double. Growth vigorous.
Ruhm von Steinfurth (H.T.), H.
Schultheis 1920 : — Flower cherry and
geranium red, large, very full, of
good form, very sweetly scented,
buds long, produced single. Growth
vigorous, erect branching ; ample
deep green foliage, free from all
disease ; exceedingly floriferous.
" Frau Karl Druschki " by " General
Mac Arthur." Fine for massing,
430
forcing and cut flower purposes.
Ruth (H.T.) :— Flower dark orange,
fair size, bold, petals globular.
Growth vigorous and compact. Bed.
Sachsengruss (H.P.), Herm. Neu-
bert; introduced by Hoyer &
Klemm 1912:— Flower delicate flesh
on a white ground, with china rose
reflexes in the centre, large, full,
Growth similar to " Frau Karl
Druschki." Cut. F.
Safrano (T.), Beauregard 1839:—
Flower succinum yellow shaded
yellowish salmon, large, moderately
full. Growth vigorous, floriferous.
A. Cut. F. T.
Salamander (H.P.), Wm. Paul &
Son 1891 : — Flower scarlet crimson,
very free. Growth moderate.
Salet (Moss), Robert 1854 :— Flower
bright rose edged with blush and
well mossed. Growth vigorous. Bu.
Sallie (H.T.), B. R Cant & Sons
1915 : — Flower outer petals creamy
flesh, gradually deepening towards
the centre, with splashes of rich yolk
of egg colour, large and full.
Growth vigorous ; free flowering ;
foliage bronzy green.
Sammy (Musk) :— Flower carmine,
perpetual flowering, clusters, semi-
single, produced in corymbs.
Growth shrub shoots from base 4
and 5 feet high.
Sander's White (Wich), Sander &
Sons 1912:— This is the most free
blooming of all the double white
Wichuraiana crosses ; it makes long
vigorous growths, which are amply
clothed in bright shining leafage,
forming an admirable contrast to
the large clusters of snow-white
flowers. Perg. Pil. Ar.
Sappho (T.), Wm. Paul & Son:—
Flower fawn colour, suffused with
rose, centre deep yellow. Growth
vigorous.
Sarah Bernhardt (H.T.), F. Dubreuil
1906:— Flower bright scarlet crimson,
shaded with scarlet, large, semi-
double, with large incurved petals.
Growth vigorous, semi-climbing, very
floriferous. B. Pil. T.
Scarlet Climber (Paul's) (Wich),
Wm. Paul & Soa 1916 :— Flower
scarlet, semi-double. Very vigor-
ous. Ar. Pil. Perg. F.
Sceptre (Fernet), S. M'Gredy & Son
1921:— Flower bright flame colour
shaded with orange at the base and
a yellow reverse, erect, with pointed
centre. Growth very vigorous.
Schloss Friedenstein (Mult, ramb.),
J. C. Schmidt 1916:— Flower darkish
blue with reddish violet centre, large
and full, produced in large corymbs.
Growth very vigorous, climbing, deep
freen foliage, free from mildew,
he best blue rose in existence.
Schneeball (\Vich) :— Flowers snow
white, of medium size, produced in
clusters. Growth very vigorous. Ar.
Pil. Perg.
Schneekopf (Poly oom.) :— Flower
snow white, large, full, produced in
large clusters. Growth dwarf. Bed.
Schneelicht (Rug.), Schmidt 1896:—
Flower snow-white, perfect form.
Growth very vigorous. Bu. H.
Schneewittchen (poly pom.), P. Lam-
bert 1901 : — Flower creamy white,
changing to snow-white, small,
double, sweet-scented, produced in
corymbs. Growth dwarf. T.
Schneezwerg (rug.), P. Lambert
1911: — Flower pure snow-white, of
medium size. Growth vigorous, free
flowering.
Scipion Cochet (H.P.), E. Verdier
1887 : — Flower velvety purple garnet
shaded purple brown, large, full.
Growth vigorous, erect. A. Cut.
Seabird (H.T.), Hugh Dickson 1913:
— Flower clear primrose yellow,
paling with age to creamy yellow,
medium, of fine form and good sub-
stance, produced on long upright
stems. Growth vigorous and free
branching ; flowering freely and con-
tinuously. Bed.
Seafoam (H. Brae), Wm. Paul &
Son 1919 :— Flower milk white flowers,
double, a good autumnal rose.
Growth vigorous. Ar. W.
Seagull (Musk), Wm. Paul & Son
1916 :— Flower white, free, sweetly
scented. Growth vigorous.
Seagull (Wich), Pritchard 1907:—
Fragrant. Growth vigorous. Pil. ar.
Secretaris Zwart (H.T.), G. A. van
Rossem 1918 :— Flower bright rose,
shaded salmon, large. Growth vi-
gorous ; free and late flowering.
Senateur Mascuraud (H.T.), Jos.
Pernet-Ducher 1909 : — Flower amber
yellow, with yolk-of-egg centre,
toning to light sulphur yellow as the
flower expands, large, full, globular.
Growth vigorous, free. A. Cut. Exh.
s'enateur Saint-Romme (H.T.), A.
Schwartz 1904 :— Flower coppery
salmon china rose, shaded carmine
and saffron hue, large, full. Growth
vigorous, very free.
Senateur Vaisse (H.P.), Guillot p.
1959:_Flower pure cochineal car-
mine, very large, very full, globular,
very sweet. Growth vigorous, free.
A. Cut. F. Exh. G.
Senorita Carmen Sort (H.T.), Jos.
Pe'rnet-Ducher 1916 :— Flower Indian
yellow shaded with pale carmine
pink, the top of the petals bordered
with bright carmine, large, full,
431
globular. Growth very vigorous,
Serge Basset (H.T.), Jos. Pernet-
Ducher 1918 :^-Flower brilliant garnet
red, of medium size, full and nicely
shaped. Growth very vigorous,
dwarf and branching ; deep green
foliage; continuous flowering. Bed.
Serica (Species) .-—Flowers white,
four petals cross-wise. Growth
vigorous. Bu. G.
Sericea (Species) :— Flower white or
pale yellow, single, freely produced,
foliage handsome. Growth vigorous.
Sericea, pteracantha (Species),
Vilmorin 1905 :— Flower white, very
early, summer flowering, large red
thorns on the young wood. Growth
vigorous. Bu. G.
Severine (Fernet), Jos. Fernet-
Ducher 1918 .'—Flower coral red
colour, fading to prawn red when
fully expanded, of medium size,
moderately full. Growth very vigor-
age'. Distinct.
Shalimar (Wich), Burrell 1914:—
Flower creamy blush lightly flaked
rose with picotee edge, large
trusses, free flowering. Growth
vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Sheila Wilson (H.T.), Dr. Campbell
Hall 1910:— Flower light scarlet with
yellow base, single. Growth vigor-
Shower of Gold (Wich), G. Paul &
Son 1910 : — Flower golden yellow,
double, of rosette shape. Growth
very vigorous, climbing, numerous
laterals are produced, clad with
beautiful glossy foliage. Ar. Perg.
Pil.
Silver Gem (Poly pom.) :— New silver
leaved sport from "Orleans Rose."
Growth dwarf. Bed.
Silver Moon (Wich ramb.), Hender-
son 1912 :— Flower pale creamy-yellow
to silvery-white, large_ and semi-
single. Growth very vigorous. Ar.
Pil. Perg.
Sllverscent (H.T.), R. Murrell 1919:
—Flower silvery blush, perfect
shape, on strong stalks, fragrant.
Growth vigorous ; a bud sport from
" Mrs. George Norwood."
Slmone Beaumez (H.T.) :— Flower
saffron yellow, centre deeper.
Growth vigorous.
Simone Thomas (T.), P. Bernaix
1918 : — Flower carmine and blood red
shaded with coppery red, passing
to rose. Growth vigorous ; free
SimpHcify (H.T.), Hugh Dickspn,
Ltd., 1909: — Flower pure white,
scented, immense size, showing gold
and yellow anthers, single, free
gre
foH
flowering. Growth vigorous, branch-
ing. Bed.
Sinica (Species) :— Flowers white,
large, bright shining foliage. Growth
vigorous, tender, south wall.
Sinioa Anemone (Species), F.
Schraitt 1895:— Flower silvery pink
shaded rose, single, large petals.
Growth very vigorous. Ar. Pil.
Perg.
Snowdrift I. (Wich.), Walch 1908:—
Flower pure white, large and
double, in trusses. Growth very vig-
orous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Snowdrift II. (Mult, ramb.), Smith
1914 : — Flower snow white, medium
size in large clusters, free. Growth
very vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Snowflake (Wich), Frank Cant & Co.
1922 :— Flower white shading to yellow
it base. Like a fall of snow on the
;reen stems and foliage ; scented,
oliage fine and glossy, late. Growth
very vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Snow Queen (H.P.), Lambert 1900:—
Flower pure white, large and full.
Syn. " Frau Karl Druschki." Very
vigorous. The best white rose in
commerce. Esch. Cut. Bed.
Snowstorm (Musk), Paul & Son
1907 .-—Flower pure white, small, pro-
duced in bunches, perpetual flower-
. row' rn n tat t h* h
w. '
Snowwhite (Poly Pom.), P. Lambert
1901 .'—Flower ivory white, large
trusses of semi-double flowers.
Growth dwarf. Bed.
Sodenia (Wich), Weigand 1911:—
Flower pure brilliant carmine nearly
scarlet, fairly full ; produced in the
same profusion and in larger trusses
than in " Dorothy Perkins."
Soleil d'Or (Fernet), Jos. Pernet-
Ducher 1900 :— Flower golden yellow
shaded with orange and crimson, the
orange often predominating, large,
full, very sweet. Growth very
vigorous, flowering both in summer
and autumn. Distinct.
Solfaterra (N.) : — Flower fine sulphur
yellow, large, very double. Growth
vigorous, standard. Pil.
Sollel d'Angers (Austrian Briar),
Detriche 1909 :— Flower deep yellow
and vermilion scarlet, free. Growth
vigorous. Bu.
Sombreuil (T.), Robert 1850:—
Flower creamy-white, changing to
milky white, tinged w_ith rose, large,
full, fragrant, opening well, pro-
duced in panicles. Growth very
vigorous, semi-climbing, very flori-
ferous. A. B. Cut. Exh. Pil.
Sonnenlicht (Austrian Briar), Dr.
Kruger; introduced by H. Kiese &
Co. 1913: — Flower clear canary
yellow, semi-double, sweet-scented.
Growth vigorous, flowers both in
432
summer and autumn. Bed. H. P.
Soprano (T.) :— Flower bright apri-
cot, in bud, changing to buff,
semi-double. Growth vigorous.
Soupert & Molting (Moss), Fernet
1874 : — Flower bright rose, large, very
full, globular, fragrant. Growth
dwarf, floriferous. G.
Source d'Or (Wich), E. Turbat &
Cie. 1912:— Flower golden yellow,
changing to flesh yellow as the
flower expands, large for its class,
full. Growth very vigorous, climb-
Sou'v. d'Aimee Terrel des Chenes
(C.) : — Flower coppery rose and
carmine, very free. Growth vig-
orous.
Souv. de Georges Pernet (Fernet) :
— Flowers beautiful orient red
colour, the end of petals cochineal-
carmine, all the flower shaded with
yellow, oval bud carried on erect
stem, large, full, globular. Growth
very vigorous.
Souv. de J. B. Guillot (T.) :-Flower
deep nasturtium red, shaded with
coppery red. Growth vigorous.
Souv. de Jeanne Cabaud (T.) :—
Flower apricot yellow, occasionally
shaded with carmine. Growth
moderate.
Souv. de L. Bertrand (Wich) :—
Flowers chamois yellow shaded
with nankeen changing to creamy
white after opening, large, full.
Very vigorous. Ar. Perg.
Souv. d'Ellse (T.) :— Flower creamy
white pale flesh centre, large, full,
perfect form. Growth vigorous.
Exh.
Souv. d'Elise Vardon (T.) :— Flower
creamy white, centre yellowish, very
large and full. Growth robust.
Souv. de Madame E. Mulnard
(H.T.) :— Flower inside of petals
saffron flesh, reverse of petals bril-
liant carmine with silvery reflexes,
large, full. Growth vigorous.
Souv. de M. Hennion (H.T.) :—
Flower carmine, shaded with satin
rose. Growth vigorous.
Souv. de Mme. Boullet (H.T.) :—
Flower dark cadmium yellow, free
constant, large, full, long but.
Growth vigorous.
Souv. D'Emlle Floquet (H.T.) :—
Flower brilliant carmine rose, very
large full, of cupped form, fragrant.
Growth vigorous.
Souv. de Paul Neyrow (T.) :—
Flowers creamy white tinted rose,
semi-globular pointed centre.
Growth vigorous.
Souv. de Philemon Cochet (Rug) :—
Flower white, double, extra large.
Growth vigorous. Bu. H.
Souv. de Pierre Leperdrieux (Rug),
Cochet-Cochet 1896 :— Flower bright
wine red, semi-double. Growth vig-
orous. Bu. H.
Souv. de S.A. Prince (T.), Prince
1890:— Flower pure white, large and
full. See "The Queen." Exh. F.
Souvenir d'Anne-Marie (H.T.), Ket
ten Bros. 1902 :— Flower yellowish
fleshy salmon, outer petals creamy
white, large, full, very sweet, elon-
gated bud, opening well. Growth
vigorous, free. A. Gut. F. T.
Souvenir de Catherine Cuillot (T.),
P. Guillot 1895:— Flower orange red,
tinted carmine on a yellow ground,
large, full, long bud, opening well,
very sweet. Growth vigorous, free.
A. E. G. T.
Souvenir de Charles Laemmel (Fer-
net), F. Gillot 1919 :-Flower golden
and orange yellow, slightly shaded
with rose, large, full and fragrant;
ovoid bud of clear yellow colour on
stiff stem. Growth very vigorous,
erect, exceedingly free flowering ;
foliage deep glossy green.
Souvenir de Clairvaux (T.), E. Ver-
dier 1890 :— Flower mauve rose,
shaded salmon rose, base of petals
golden yellow, medium size, full,
sweetly scented. Growth vigorous,
erect, floriferous.
Souvenir de Claudius Denoyel
(H.T.), C. Chambard 1920 :— Flower
rich glistening crimson red, tinted
with vermilion, very large, cupped
form, thick petals, sweetly perfumed ;
elongated buds of brilliant velvety
red colour, borne on rigid stems.
Growth very vigorous, upright
branching.
Souvenir de Claudius Pernet (Per-
net), Jos. Pernet-Ducher 1920:—
Flower sunflower yellow colour,
eeper in the centre, without any
large and full,
lutifully formed with elongated
other blending ; very h
deep petals. A vigorous grower, of
erect branching habit; brilliant
green foliage ; few thorns.
Souvenir de E. Cuillard (H.T.), C.
Chambard 1912 :— Flower saffron hue
shaded coppery carmine, large, full,
sweetly scented, carried erect on
long and stiff flower stalks. Growth
vigorous, branching, very floriferous.
Souvenir de Francois Deak (T .),
Perotti 1893 : — Flower pure white,
large, very full, opening well.
Growth vigorous, very floriferous. A.
Souvenir de Gabriel Level (T.),
Guillot 1884:— Flower salmon white,
centre coppery rose, large, full, very
sweet. Growth vigorous, floriferous.
A. Cut.
Souvenir de George Beckwith (Per-
net), Jos. Pernet-Ducher 1919:—
Flower shrimp pink tinted chrome
yellow, with deeper yellow at base
433
of petals, large, full, globular,
carried on stiff stem ; bud shrimp
pink tinted orange yellow. Growth
Souvenir de la Malmaison rose (B.),
Beluze 1845 : — Flower purple rose
shaded deep cerise, large, full, frag-
green foliage.
Souvenir cle Georges Pernet (Per-
net), Jos. Pernet-Ducher 1921:—
Flower of beautiful Orient red
colour, thf end of petals cochineal
carmine, shaded with yellow ; very
A. Cut. E.
Souvenir de Leonie Viennot (T.),
Bernaix 1897 : Flower jonquil yellow
shading to amber yellow at the base,
changing to china rose shaded cochi-
neal carmine, centre chamois yellow,
grower of branching habit, with few
long thorns and bronze green foli-
Souvenir de Gilbert Nabonnand (T.),
Clement Nabonnand 1920 :— Flower
climbing. Pil.
Souvenir de Louis van Hotitte
(H.P.), E. Verdier 1876 .'—Flower
crimson changing to reddish violet,
large, full cupped, fragrant. Growth
vigorous. A. Cut. F.
mium yellow ground, changing to
Cillot (Pernet), F. Gillot 1920:—
carmine rose; in autumn deep cerise
yellowish salmon, reverse of petals
yellow base, large, of cupped form ;
very fragrant. Growth very vigor-
single on long stalks ; sweet-scented.
Growth vigorous, with few thorns ;
Souvenir de Gomot (H.P.), Veuve
Schwartz 1889 : — Flower velvety pur-
Souvenir de Madame Boullet (H.T.),
Jos. Pernet-Ducher 19*1:— Flower
dark cadmium yellow, large and full ;
flexes, large, full. Growth very
vigorous and free. A. Cut.
high spreading branching habit;
Jos. Pernet-Ducher 1910 : — Flower
pure sulphur white or light sulphur
yellow, without suffusion, very large,
fairly full, globular. Growth vigor-
ous, free. A. Cut. Exh. G.
Souvenir de Jean Ketten (11. T.).
Ketten Bros. 1900 :— Flower interior
silvery salmon and carmine pink,
outer petals carmine rose, very large
and full, sweet-scented, of good form
and substance, elongated bud, open-
ing well. Growth vigorous, continu-
ous ffowering A Cut G T
Souvenir de Madame Eugene Verdier
(H.T.), Jos. Pernet-Ducher 1894:—
Flower electric white on a saffron
yellow base, large, very full. Growth
vigorous, floriferous.
Souvenir de Madame J. Metral (T.),
Bernaix 1887 :— Flower brilliant cochi-
neal carmine, very large, double, im-
bricated. Growth very vigorous,
Souvenir de Madame Krenger
(H.T.), C. Chambard 1919 :— Flower
Souvenir de J. Passinge (H.T.), C.
Chambard 1912 :— Flower coppery
saffron hue, slightly shaded carmine
and deep yellow, medium, fairly full,
beautiful bud of deep salmon orange
colour. Growth very vigorous, with
few thoriis, purple green foliage ;
ing well. Growth very vigorous, erect
branching.
Souvenir de la Comtesse de Ro-
Souvenir de Madame Morin-Latune
(H.T.), P. Bernaix 1920 :— Flower saf-
fleshy white with salmon reflexes,
large and full, opening well. Growth
vigorous, erect, free flowering. Exh.
Souvenir de Lady Ashburton (T.),
stems. Growth vigorous, erect
branching; floriferous. Cut.
Souvenir de Maria de Zayas (H.T.),
Soupert & Netting 1905 : — Flower
vivid carmine with deeper shading,
coppery red and salmon, either tint
prevailing at times, large, full, very
sweet. Growth vigorous, branching,
very free.
Souvenir de la Malmaison (!',.), Be-
Growth vigorous, very floriferous.
Cut. F. G.
Souvenir de Marques Loureiro
(H.T.), Ketten Bros. 1912 :-Flower
Lincoln red on a coral red ground
large and full, very sweet. Growth
vigorous, hardy, very free flowering.
A. Bed. Cut. F.
petals Indian yellow; in autumn
light red and carrot red shaded with
434
purple rose, medium, fairly full, elon-
gated bud, opening well. Growth
vigorous, branching, very free flower-
ing. G. T.
Souvenir d'Emile Clerc (H.T.), Ket-
ten Bros. 1903 : — Flower glowing rosy
carmine, clearer in the centre, re-
verse of petals rosy vermilion, large,
fairly full, of cupped form, fragrant.
Growth vigorous, very floriferous.
Cut. G. T.
Souvenir de Perigueux (H.T.), T.
Croibier 1913 :— Flower bright bril-
liant carmine red, large, buds long
and pointed, carried on rigid stems.
Growth vigorous.
Souvenir de Pierre Netting (T.), Sou-
pert & Netting 1902:— Flower sun-
flower yellow blended with apricot
and coppery yellow, petals bordered
carmine rose, large, full. Growth
vigorous, free. Distinct. Exh. F.
charme 1865 :— Flower purple violet,
medium, full, fragrant. Growth
vigorous. A. Cut.
Souvenir d'un ami (T.), Belot-Des-
fougeres 1846: — Flower bright rose,
inside of petals rosy white, large,
full, opening well, fragrant. Growth
vigorous. A. Cut. F. T.
Souvenir du President Carnot (H.T.),
Jos. Pernet-Ducher 1S94 .'—Flower
fleshy white, large, full, highly per-
fumed, long bud, opening well.
Growth vigorous and free flowering.
A. Bed. Cut. F. G. T.
Souvenir du Rosieriste Rambaux
(T.), Dubreuil 1883 :— Flower suc-
cinum yellow shaded Nilsson rose,
large, full, very sweet. Growth very
vigorous, very free flowering. T.
Souv. of Henry Graham (H.T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1915 :— Flower faintly
blushed carmine on pearly delicate
Souvenir de Pierre Oger (H.P.), Per-
rin 1896 :— Flower pure cochineal car-
mine, very large, full, globular, open-
ing well/ sweetrscented. Growth
vigorous. A. Exh. Cut. G. T.
Souvenir de R. B. Ferguson (Per-
feet imbricated form, on rigid flower
stalks, tea perfumed. Growth vigor-
ous and erect ; very floriferous. P.
Souvenir of Stella Cray (T.), Alex.
Dickson & Sons 1907 : — Flower deep
orange, with splashes or veinations
on the inside of the bloom with a
rosy shade of apricot, beautiful
buds and foliage, free flowering.
Growth vigorous. Bed.
Souvenir de Therese Levet (T.),
Levet 1882: — Flower ponceau red on
son, medium, full. Growth mode-
rate, free.
Souvenir of Wootton (H.T.), Cook
1888 : — Flower deep rose pink shaded
purple rose, largef full, globular,
opening well, very sweet. Growth
Growth moderate.
Souvenir de Victor Hugo (T.), Bon-
naire 1885 : — Flower flesh, with sal-
mon rose centre, base of petals suc-
cinum yellow, large, full, opening
F.
Spenser (H.P.), Wm. Paul & Son
1892:— Flower beautiful satin pink,
outer petals reflexed with white, very
large, fairly full, opening well.
floriferous. A. Exh. G. T.
Souvenir de Victor Hugo (H.P.),
Fernet 1885 :— Flower cochineal car-
mine, slightly tinted carmine purple,
large, full, globular. Growth very
vigorous. Cut.
Souvenir de William Robinson (T.),
Bernaix 1899 :— Flower a lovely com-
bination of salmon pink, nankeen
yellow, Naples yellow and crimson
carmine, large, full, sweet. Growth
vigorous, free. Exh.
Souvenir de William Wood (H.P.),
E. Verdier 1864 :— Flower velvety pur-
ple garnet, large, full, of cupped
form. Growth vigorous, floriferous.
One of the darkest Roses. A. Cut.
Exh. G. T.
Sovereign (Fernet), B. R. Cant &
Sons 1922 : — Flower deep golden and
bronzy yellow, scent fruity, medium
size, half full foliage very rich
bronze, mildew proof summer and
autumn. Growth compact and
bushy. Bed.
Souvenir du Dr. Jamain (H.P.), La-
Splendens (Ayr) :— Flowers flesh
colour, large, full. Growth very
vigorous. AT. Pil. Perg.
Spong (Prov.) :— Flower blush pink,
fine small and double. Growth
dwarf. Bed. E.
Stadtrat Claser (H.T.), H. Kiese &
Co. 1910 : — Flower clear sulphur
yellow edged soft red, large, full,
long bud, opening well on long and
stiff stems. Growth vigorous, free
flowering. A. Cut. Exh. T.
Staffa (Scotch) :— Flower French
white, double, distinct.
Stanwell Perpetual (Perpetual
Scotch), Lee: — Flower pale blush,
early and late, very fragrant.
Growth vigorous. G. Standard H.
Star of Persia (Lutia) :— Flower
bright yellow with golden stamens,
semi-single, about 8 inches across;
summer flowering. Pil.
Star of Waltham (H.P.), Wm. Paul
& Son 1875:— Flower cochineal car-
mine changing to carmine purple,
435
very large, full and sweet. Growth
vigorous. A. Cut. G.
Steiler Rambler (Mult, ramb.), M.
Leenders & Co. 1915 :— Flower bril-
liant geranium-red, produced in large
clusters, which in shape and type
very closely rsembles " Origans-
Rose." Growth vigorous, climbing.
Stella (Muit. ramb.) :— Flowers
bright carmine with white centre,
single. Growth very vigorous. Ar.
Perg.
Stephanie et Rodolphe (T.), Levet
1881: — Flower nankeen yellow, pass-
ing to pale buff, pourtour creamy
white, large, full, fragrant. Growth
vigorous, climbing. Exh. Perg. Pil.
St. Helena (H.T.), B. R. Cant &
Sons 1912:— Flower cream with a
pink blush in centre, yellow at the
base of petals and in some instances
coming yellow well up the centre
of the bloom, large, full, perfectly
formed, with long shell shaped
petals, carried erect. Growth vigor-
ous.
St. Prix de Beuze (C.) :— Flower
crimson, good foliage. Growth very
dwarf. Bed.
Sulphurea (T.), Wm. Paul & Son:—
Flower bright sulphur yellow with
handsome bronzy foliage. Growth
vigorous. Bed. P.
Sultan of Zanzibar (H.P.), G. Paul
1876: — Flower purple shaded purple
garnet, tinted purple violet, medium
to large, full, globular. Growth
moderate. A. Cut. F. G.
Sunbeam (H.T.), B. R. Cant & Sons
1912 : — Flower deep yellow with peach
shading in the bud state, opening
to fawn yellow and old gold. Growth
ing, with handsome bronzy foliage.
But.
Sunburst (H.T.), Jos. Pernet-Ducher
1912 : — Flower superb cadmium yel-
low, with orange yellow centre, large,
fairly full, cupped form, the buds
generally borne singly on long, stout
stems. Growth very vigorous, up-
right, and free flowering.
Sunny Jersey (Fernet), Le Cornu
and orange, free. Growth vigorous.
A bud sport from " Mme. E.
Herriot."
Sunrise (T.), Piper 1899:— Flower
reddish carmine, shading to delicate
fawn and pale salmon-pink with
pointed buds. Growth moderate.
Sunset (T.), P. Henderson & Co.
1883:— Flower deep apricot, large,
full, globular, opening well, very
sweet. Growth vigorous, very free.
A. Cut. Exh. F. G. T.
Sunstar (H.T.), Alex. Dickson 1921:—
Flower salmon red with deep crim-
son base, the flowering growth erect,
branching one of the best roses in
cultivation. Bed.
Susie (Poly pom.), Walter Easlea:—
Flower peach and salmon with red-
dish splashes, rosette shape, slow
in opening, very double, large.
Growth dwarf. Bed.
Suzanne Marie Rodocanachi
(H.P.) :— Flower soft rosy cerise,
large, full. Growth vigorous. Exh.
Suzanne Turbat (poly pom.), E. Tur-
bat & Cie. 1919:— Flower coral red
shaded bright pink, large for its
class, double. Growth dwarf; very
free flowering.
Sweet Briar Common (S. Briar):—
Flowers pale pink foliage, very
fragrant. Growth very vigorous.
Bu. H.
Sweet Briar Double Scarlet (S.
Briar) : — Flower rosy-red, bright
double, sweetly scented. Growth
very vigorous. Bu. H.
Sweet Briar Double White (S.
Briar) :— Flower flesh white. Growth
very vigorous. Bu. H.
Sweetheart (Wich) :— Flowers white
with faint blush, double. Growth
very vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Sweet Lavender (Mult, ramb.), G.
Paul 1912:— Flower light lavender
pink, with golden stamens, single,
large clusters distinct, free. Growth
very vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Sylph (T.), Wm. Paul & Son:—
Flower ivory white, tinted with peach,
centre creamy pink, large. Growth
Sylvia" "(Mult, ramb.), Wm. Paul &
Son 1911 :— Flower pale lemon-yellow
passing to cream and pure white,
small double flowers in large loose
Tausendschon (Mult. Ram.), J. C.
Rqhmidt 1906:-Flower soft pink in
opening, the petals becoming re-
panding, medium, double, produced
in large clusters. Growth very
the
Distinct. Perg. Pil.
Tausendschon White (Mult, ramb.) :
— Flower pure white; a form of
"Tausendschon" (red).
Tea Rambler (Mult, ram.), G. Paul
& Son 1903:— Flower coppery pink
to soft salmon pink. Growth very
vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
Tennyson (H.T.), Wm. Paul & Son:
— Flowers pearly white, shaded with
flesh and pale pink ; very large, full
to the centre, and a fine globular
form. Growth vigorous.
Teresa Bevan (C.) :— Flower cop-
pery orange, shading to deep sal-
436
mon, free flowering. Growth vigor-
T. F. Crozier (H.T.), Hugh Dickson
1918 : — Flower deep canary yellow,
large, full and globular, with high-
pointed centre. Growth strong vigor-
ous, branching ; foliage olive green,
mildew proof. Exh.
Thalia (Mult, ramb.), Schmitt 1895:
—Flower pure white, small, semi-
double, fragrant, produced in clus-
climbing : very
Flower soft rosy crimson, freely
produced on the full length of the
shoots. Growth very vigorous. Ar.
Pil. Perg.
Thisbe (Hybrid Musk), Rev. J. H.
Pemberton 1918 : — Flower chamois-
yellow rosettes, in clusters. Growth
vigorous. W.
Thoresbyana (Mult, ramb.), Bennett
1840:— Flower white, small, semi-
double, flat, produced in panicles.
hardy. Ar. Perg. Pil. W.
The Bride (T.), May 1886, Syn.
" White Catherine Mermet " (De
Forest) : — Flower amber white,
changing to creamy white, edges
of petals suffused rose, large, full,
imbricated, opening well, very sweet.
Growth vigorous, free flowering. A.
Bed. Cut. F. G.
The Dawsort Rose (Mult, ramb.) : —
Flower pale rose, semi-double.
Growth very vigorous. Ar. Pil. Perg.
The Dowager Countess of Roden
(H.T.), Wm. Paul & Son 1919:—
Flower bright silvery pink, large and
full. Growth very free flowering.
Bed. Exh.
The Farquhar (Wich) .-—Flower
large, clusters of soft pink flowers,
very rapid grower. Exh.
The Garland (Hybrid Musk), Wells
1835 : — Flower fawn buds, nankeen
and pink to blush white, large clus-
ters, semi-double. Growth vigor-
ous; summer flowering.
The General (H.T.), J. H. Pember-
ton 1920:— Flower blood red, flushed
orange, large, full-pointed, globular,
carried erect: fragrant damask per-
fume. Growth compact, foliage dark
green, wood claret ; flowering con-
tinuously from early summer to late
autumn.
The Lyon (Mult, ramb.) :— Flower
bright crimson, single ; a seedling
from " Crimson Rambler."
The Premier (Lucens), G. Paul &
Son 1918 : — Flower white, semi-
double, in large clusters, glossy
evergreen foliage. Growth vigor-
ous.
The Queen (T.), Dingee & Conard
Co. 1889 : — Flower pure white, outer
petals suffused rose, large, full,
opening well, fragrant. Growth
vigorous, floriferous. A. Cut. T.
The Queen Alexandra Rose (Fernet),
S. M'Gredy & Son 1918 :— Flower
intense vermilion, deeply shaded old
gold on reverse of petals, large,
freely produced. Growth vigorous,
deep glossy green, mildew proof.
Bed.
Theresa (T.) :— Flower rich apricot
colour, semi-double ; flowers with
golden anthers. Growth vigorous.
The Wall Flower (Mult, ramb.):—
Ar. H. Perg. Pil. W.
Thousand Beauties (Mult, ramb.),
J. C. Schmidt 1906:— Flower pink
turning to bright rose and carmine,
produced in large trusses ; summer
flowering. Growth very vigorous.
Ar. Pil. Perg.
Thusnelda (Rug.) :— Flower light
salmon pink, semi-double, early and
late. Growth vigorous. Bu. H.
Tillier (T.), Bernaix 1891 :— Flower
rosy flesh, shaded salmon rose and
purple rose, medium, fairly full,
opening well, fragrant. Growth
vigorous, free flowering. A. G. T.
Tim Page (Fernet), Courteney Page
1920 : — Flower pure daffodil yellow.
Growth sturdy, foliage glossy, mil-
dew proof.
Tinted Venus (Rug.) :— Flower blush,
large. Growth vigorous. Bu. H.
Tiny Tim (poly pom.), Easlea 1917:
— Flower coppery pink, small, in
trusses. Growth dwarf. Bed. E.
Tipperary (H.T.), S. M'Gredy &
Son 1916 :— Flower soft golden yellow,
carried erect ; sweetly scented.
Growth stout, upright, free ; free
flowering.
Tiptop (poly pom.), Lambert 1909:
— Flower orange yellow edged with
carmine. Growth dwarf. Bed.
Titania (C.), Wm. Paul & Son 1915:
—Flower coppery-crimson in bud
state, changing to deep salmon-red
when opening, base of petals shaded
with clear yellow . Growth bushy and
branching ; very free flowering. G.
Bed.
Tito Hekekyan (H.T.) :— Flower
rosy coral red shaded with yellow,
centre bright coral purple.
Toison d'Or (Fernet), Jos. Pernet-
Ducher 1921 : — Flower apricot yellow,
shaded with orange red, large, full,
globular ; oval orange yellow bud.
Growth spreading branching habit,
very free flowering. Bed. G.
Tom Wood (H.P.), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1890 :— Flower brownish-red,
deep, cupped, sweetly scented.
Toreador' fpernet), Wm. Paul & Son
1919: — Flower rosy red, semi-double;
buds crimson, outside of petals
golden yellow. Growth upright ; very
free blooming.* Distinct. Bed. G.
437
Totote Oelos (H.T.), Pernet-Ducher
1915 :— Flower flesh white shaded
with chrome-yellow in the autumn,
large, full, and globular, with long
and pointed buds.
Tour de Malakoff (Prov.), Soupert &
Netting 1856:— Flower purple, chang-
ing to dark violet, large, full.
Growth vigorous.
Tricolore de Flandre (Gallica), E.
van Houtte 1846 :— Flower white,
striped purple and violet, medium,
full. Growth moderate.
Trier (Hybrid Musk), P. Lambert
1904 :— Flower creamy-white, edged
with fawn, semi-single. Growth
vigorous. Bu. Pil. A.
Triomphe de Caen (H.P.) :— Flower
deep velvety purple, shaded with
scarlet crimson; large, full. Growth
Triomphe de Pernet pere (H.T.),
Pernet p. 1890 : — Flower lilac rose
with cochineal carmine reflexes,
large, full. Growth vigorous, erect,
very free.
Triomphe Orleanais (poly pom.), J.
Peauger 1912: — Flower of bright
cherry red colour, large for its class,
produced in corymbs. Growth vigor-
ous, erect; foliage bright glossy
Triumph (H.T.), E. G. Hill Co.
1906 .'—Flower deep carmine with
dark crimson shadings, large full,
elongated bud, fragrant. Growth
vigorous, floriferous. A. Cut. F. G.
Troubadour (Wich ramb.), Walsh
1909:— Flower crimson, double, with
dark glossy foliage, very free
growth. Very vigorous. Ar. Pil.
Perg.
Tuscany (D.) :— Flower very dark
and very fragrant. Growth vigor-
ous.
_.. Brunner fils (H.P.), A. Lever
1881 :— Flower geranium red,
changing to cochineal carmine when
fully open, large, fairly full, cupped
form, opening well, fragrant. Growth
vigorous, erect, hardy and^ very_free
"Jed. Cut.
T.
Dwering. A. Be
E.xh. F. G.
Ulster Gem (H.T.), Hugh Dickson
1916:— A single rose, its large shell
petals of deep primrose yellow and
its prominent and abundant anthers
showing conspicuously on the large
open flowers, frequently 6 ins. in
diameter, and of beautiful outline.
Growth free and vigorous, produc-
ing its flowers in endless profusion
Ulster Standard (H.T.), Hugh Dick-
son 1917 : — Flower of bright deep
crimson colour. A single rose of
great merits and free branching
growth. The shoots, which grow to
a uniform height of 2 feet branching
into loose corymbs covered with
buds, open to large, round flowers
of intense deep crimson, with pro-
minent yellow anthers.
Ulster Volunteer (Single), Hugh
Dickson 1918 :— Flower brilliant
cherry-red, white eye, large and
early and late. Growth vigorous.
Una (H. Briar), G. Paul & Son 1900:
— Flower pale cream, semi-single,
semi-climber ; summer flowering.
Growth vigorous. Ar. Bu. Pil.
Una Wallace (H.T.), S. M'Gredy &
Son 1921:— Flower clear cherry rose
with beautifully formed flowers, free
and fragrant, good foliage. Growth
vigorous. Exh.
Unique Blanche (Prov.), Grimwood
1778 : — Flower pure white, medium
size, full, fragrant. Growth vigor-
Unique Jaune (N.), Moreau 1872:—
Flower nankeen yellow shaded Jap-
anese yellow suffused salmon rose,
medium, fragrant. Growth vigorous,
climbing. A. Pil.
Unique Provence :— Syn. White Pro-
United States (Pernet), H. A. Ver-
schuren & Zonen 1918 : — Flower deep
lemon yellow. Growth like " Arthur
R. Goodwin."
Urania (H.P.): — Flower cherry crim-
son, free, good foliage. Growth
vigorous.
Van Houtte (H.P.', Lacharme 1869:
—Flower strawberry red shaded
crimson and purple garnet, large,
full, globular, very sweet. Growth
vigorous, free flowering. A. Bed.
Cut. Exh. F. G. T.
Vanity (H. Musk), Rev. J. H. Pem-
berton 1920 :— Flower rose-pink,
large, semi-single, free, in large
clusters. Growth vigorous. Pil.
Veilchenblau (Mult, ramb.), J. C.
Schmidt 1908 :— Flower bluish-purple,
of medium size, double, produced in
clusters. Growth very vigorous,
climbing. Very distinct. B. Pil.
Veluwezoom (H.T.), W. Lourens
1908 .'—Flower brilliant carmine pass-
ing to deep rose, large, full, open-
ing well. Growth vigorous, very free.
G.
Verdun (poly pom.), Barbier & Cie.
1918 : — Flower bright purple carmine,
large, globular form, produced in
large corymbs. Growth vigorous,
dwarf and branching ; floriferous.
438
Verna Mackay (H.T.), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1912 .'—Flower delicate ivory
sulphur buff, changing to brilliant
lemon as the flower expands,
medium-sized, of exquisite spiral
formation, carried on erect stems,
distinctly pot-pourri perfumed.
Growth vigorous, erect, free branch-
Verschuren's Liebling (H.T.), H. A.
Verschuren & Zonen 1906 :— Flower
carmine china rose, with coppery
reflexes, large, full, fragrant.
Growth moderate, robust. Cut.
Vesta (Austrian Briar), Easlea 1918:
— Flower coral-red and yellow to
rosy scarlet and old rose, single ;
colour resembles " Mme. E. Her-
riott " ; sweetly perfumed. Growth
vigorous. Bed. H.
Vick's Caprice (H.P.), James Vick
1891:— Flower lilac rose, striped
white and rose Neyron red, large,
full, of cupped form. Growth vigor-
ous, floriferous. A. Cut. F. G.
Vicomte Maurice de Mellon (H.T.) :
— Flower of apricot and yellowish
salmon colouring, with coppery re-
flexes, washed with peach-blossom,
large, full, of elongated egg-shaped
formation, opening well ; sweetly
scented. Growth vigorous branch-
ing, free flowering. Bed. Cut.
Victor Hugo (H.P.), Schwartz 1884:
— Flower crimson carmine shaded
purple, medium to large size, full,
globular, fragrant. Growth vigorous.
A. Cut.
Victor Teschendorff (H.T.), Raised
by Ebeling ; introduced by V. Tesch-
endorff 1920 :— Flower white with a
suffusion of greenish yellow at the
base, large, full, high centred.
Victor Verdier (H.P.), Lacharme
1859 : — Flower brilliant deep carmine
lake, changing to deep rose Neyron
red, large, full, globular, with high
centre. Growth moderate, free
flowering. A. Cut. F. G.
Victory (H.T.), S. M'Gredy & Son
1920 :— Flower glowing scarlet-crim-
son, long and pointed, sweet
scented. Growth perfect, foliage
bold glossy green ; free flowering.
Distinct. Bed. F.
Vierge de Clery (Prov.), Baron-Veil-
lard 1888:— Flower white, large and
full Growth vigorous, floriferous.
Village Maid (G.), Rivers 1840:—
Flower white, striped with rose and
purple, variable, large and full.
Growth vigorous. Bu.
Violac6e (Moss), Soupert & Netting
1876 :— Flower steel blue shaded with
violet, changing to greyish pink,
large and full. Growth vigorous.
Violet Blue (Mult, ramb.), Schmidt
1908:— Flower lilac rose to bluish
purple and steel blue, small, in
large clusters. Syn. Veilchenblau
Violet Bouyer (H.P.) :— Flower white
shaded with delicate flesh colour,
large, full, well formed, good foli-
age. Growth vigorous.
Violiniste Emile Leveque (H.T.),
Jos. Pernet-Ducher 1897 :— Flower
bright flesh pink, shaded yellow,
medium size. Growth vigorous, very
free.
Violoncelliste Albert Foures (H.T.),
J. Croibier & Fils 1920 :— Flower
orange yellow tinted chamois, large
and full. Growth vigorous, glossy
green foliage ; very free flowering.
Virginian Rambler (Ayr) :— In the
way of " Dundee Rambler," but the
flowers are shaded with pink.
Virginie Demont Breton (N.) :—
Flower coppery rose, changing to
salmon rose, free, sweetly scented.
Growth very vigorous.
Viridiflora (C.), Bambridge & Harri-
son 1856 :— Flower green, colour of
foliage, of medium size, double.
Growth moderate.
Viscount Carlo* (H.T.) :— Flower
warm carmine pink, free flowering,
good foliage. Growth vigorous.
Viscountess Enfield (Fernet), Jos.
Pernet-Ducher 1910 : — Flower coppery
old rose shaded with yellow; the
inner petals are deeply tinted with
carmine, while the centre ones are
sometimes striped yellow, large, full,
elongated cupped form. Growth
vigorous, erect branching, free, per-
petual flowering.
Viscountess Folkestone (H.T.), Ben-
nett 1886 : — Flower creamy white,
shaded salmon rose, large, full,
opening well, very sweet. Growth
vigorous, exceedingly free flowering.
A. Bed. Cut. G. T. Exh.
von Hoetzendorf (Fernet), J. C.
Schmidt 1916 :— Flower yellowish pink
with coppery yellow centre, large,
full. Growth vigorous, erect branch-
ing ; handsome foliage.
V. Vivo e Hijos (T.), Bernaix 1894:
Flower carmine rose with salmon
and apricot yellow centre, medium,
full. Growth vigorous, free. A.
Walter 0. Clark (H.T.). Wm. Paul *
Son 1917:-Flower deep maroon-
crimson shaded black, large, mode-
rately full, very fragrant. Growth
very vigorous, with handsome dark
green foliage, the young shoots
being beautifully tinted with red. A.
Bed. Cut.
Walter Speed (H.T.), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1909 : — Flower deep lemon
yellow, developing to milk white,
439
large, full. Growth robust, vigorous,
erect, free. A.
Waltham Bride (Mult, ramb.), Wm.
Paul & Son 1906 .-—Flower snow
whit
feet shape. Sport from " Ophelia."
Growth vigorous, erect.
White Baroness (H.P.) .— A white
sport from "Baroness Rothschild";
flowers large and double. Growth
Growth very vigorous. Ar. Perg.
Pil.
Waltham Climber (H.T.), Wm. Paul
& Son 1885:— Flower bright rosy
crimson, large, full, imbricated, very
sweet. Growth very vigorous, climb-
ing, hardy, free. A.
Waltham Flame (H.T.), Chaplin
Bros., Ltd., 1921 :— Flower deep apri-
cot shaded bronzy orange, scented,
dark green foliage. Growth strong,
free, branching habit. Bed.
Waltham Rambler (Mult, ramb.) :—
Flower rosy pink, single, extra large
trusses. Growth very vigorous. Ar.
Perg. Pil.
Waltham Scarlet (Single), Wm.
Paul & Son 1914:— Flower crimson
scarlet, single. Growth vigorous.
Warrior (H.T.), Wm. Paul & Son
1906:— Flower vivid scarlet-crimson, i
buds blood red, long and handsome, |
very large, semi-double. Growth
vigorous, free. Cut. Bed. F.
Wartburg (Mult. ramb.) :— Flower
carmine rose with twisted petal like
a cactus dahlia, large clusters, free.
Growth very vigorous. Ar. Perg.
Pil.
W. B. Bennett (H.T.), Bennett 1885:
— Flower crimson, large, full, open-
ing well, highly perfumed, long bud.
Growth moderate, floriferous. A.
Cut. F. T.
W. C. Gaunt (II. T.), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1916:— Flower brilliant (vel-
et) vermilion, tipped scarlet,
Bath (Moss) : — Flower paper
white. Growth moderate. Bu.
White Caroline Testout (H.T.), S. A.
Vosters 1910 :— A pure white descend-
ant from the invaluable " Caroline
Testout," which it resembles in all
save colour. A. Bed. Cut. F. G.
White Cecils Brunner (poly pom.),
Easlea 1919 :— Flower pure white to
sulphur yellow. Growth dwarf. Bed.
White Dorothy (Wich), B. R. Cant
& Sons 1909:— A pure white sport
from the invaluable " Dorothy Per-
kins," which it resembles in all save
colour. Ar. Perg. Pil. S. W.
White Killarney (H.T.), Waban Con-
servatory 1909 : — A pure white sport
of the well-known " Killarney." Bed.
. Cut. F. G.
White Maman Cochet (T.), Cook
1897 :— A sport from " Maman
Cochet," with snowy white flowers ;
usually tinged with blush or cream.
A. Bed. Cut. Exh. F.
White Marechal Niel (T.), Fr. Dee-
gen jr. 1895 :— Sport from " Mare-
chal Niel," with creamy white flow-
ers, outer petals suffused with rose,
large and full. Growth very vigor
ous, climbing. Very distinct. A.
F. Exh.
White Moss (Moss) :— Flower pure
white, semi-double, blooming m
clusters. Growth vigorous. Bu.
imson maroon, of
verse of petas crms
edium size, pointed and perfectly
formed, carried erect; tea-rose per-
fumed. Growth vigorous, branching,
with handsome large oval beech-
green foliage. Bed.
Wedding Bells (Mult, ramb.) :—
Flower rose pink, free. Growth vig-
orous. Ar. Perg. Pil.
Weddingen (H.T.), P. Lambert 1915:
— Flower fresh silvery salmon rose,
white
Co -—
Ophelia (H.T.), E. G. Hill &
Flower white. Growth vigor-
ous. Cut. Exh. F.
White Perpetual (Moss) :— Flower
white well mossed, pretty in the
'Growth vigorous. Bu. But.
Pet (poly pom.), Henderson
Flower creamy white, double,
sters, small. Growth dwarf.
to sal
tin-
bud.
White
1879 :-
in clt
Bed.
White
1777 :-
. , Provence (Prov.), Grimwood
mine towards ' 1777 : — Flower paper white, free,
Growth bushy, erect, hardy ; free,
continuous flowering.
W. E. Lippiatt (H.T.), Alex. Dick-
son & Sons 1907:- Flower brilliant
velvety crimson, shaded maroon.
Growth vigorous. Exh.
Weisser Herumstreicher (Mult,
ramb), J C. Schmidt 1895 :— Flower
pure white, large for its class, full,
produced in clusters. Growth very
vigorous, climbing, free. Ar. Perg.
Westfield Star (H.T.), H. Morse
1920:— Flower delicate sulphur-yellow
to lemon-white, large, full, and per-
White 'Rambler (Pemberton's) (Mult,
ramb.), Rev. J. H. Pemberton 1914:
Flower white rosettes, in large
clusters, late flowering. Growth
very vigorous.
White Tausendschbn (Mult, ramb.),
Wm. Paul & Son 1913 :— Flower white,
sometimes flaked with pink, buds
blush white, possessing all the well-
known good qualities of " Tausend-
schon." Bed. F.
Wichmoss (Moss) :— Flower deep
rosy white, buds well mossed, a
440
hybrid of wichuriana and a moss.
Growth vigorous. Bu. But.
Wichuraiana (Wich ramb.), species
from Japan 1880 :— Flower white with
jrowtn creeping1, very vigorous.
William Allen Richardson (N.).
Veuve Ducher 1878 : — Flower varying
from pale buff to apricot yellow,
medium, full, sweet-scented, pointed
bud. Growth very vigorous, climb-
ing. Distinct. Pil. W.
William Cooper (H.T.), Hugh Dick-
son 1914 .-—Flower deep rich lake
red, large, full and beautifully
formed, with high pointed centre,
produced in endless profusion.
Growth vigorous, free, upright
branching, foliage large. G.
William F. Dreer (Fernet), Howard
& Smith 1920:— The flowers, which
are similar in shape to " Los An-
geles," and like that variety; these,
in expanding, are of a soft silvery
shell-pink, the base of the petals
of a rich golden-yellow which, at
a golden suffusion to the entire
flower, this golden suffusion being
particularly brilliant early and late
in the season.
William Shean (H.T.), Alex. Dickson
& Sons 1906:— Flower purest pink,
veined ochre yellow, very large, full,
elongated pointed bud, fragrant.
Growth vigorous, free flowering. A.
Cut. Exh. G.
William Thomson (poly pom.), M.
Leenders & Co. 1920 : — Flower salmon
Growth
carmine and bright
vigorous and compact ; contnuous
blooming. Bed. F.
Willowmere (Fernet), Jos. Pernet-
Ducher 1913 : — Flower rich shrimp
pink shaded yellow in the centre
the edges of the petals, large, full,
of elongated cupped form, carried
on long and stout flower stalks ;
buds long, of carmined coral red
colour. Growth very vigorous ; erect
branching habit, with few thorns,
light green foliage.
Wm. R. Smith (T.), Smith 1908:—
Flower creamy white, tinted lilac
rose, very large, very full. Growth
vigorous. A. Cut.
Vanthlna (Species) :— Flower lemon
•^^ yellow single, early summer
flowering, known as " Ecso." Growth
vigorous. G, H.
Xavier Olibo (H.P.), Lacharme 1864 :
— Flower velvety black shaded ama-
ranth and fiery red, large, full,
globular, high-centred, very sweet,
rowth vigorous. A. Cut.
Yellow Banksia :— See Banksia
Lutea.
Ynes Druhen (H.T.) :— Flower dark
velvety red, full, highly perfumed.
Growth vigorous.
York and Lancaster (D.) : — Flower
pale rose or white, sometimes
striped, fragrant, summer flowering ;
" Rosa Mundi " is incorrectly called
by this name. Growth, which is
similar, is vigorous and free. Bu.
Yves Druhen (H.T.), E. Buatois
1921 :— Flower dark velvety red, fairly
full; highly perfumed. Growth vigor-
Yvonneai(Wich' ramb.), F. Cant &
Co. 1921:— Flower soft pink with
deeper centre and yellow base, in
large loose trusses, good foliage.
Growth very vigorous. Ar. Perg. Pil.
Yvonne Rabier (poly pom.), Turbat
& Co. 1910 : — Flower ivory white,
flowers in large clusters, free, per-
petual flowering. Growth dwarf.
Bed. E.
Yvonne Vacherot (H.T.), Soupert &
Notting 1905 : — Flower porcelain
white suffused pink, large, full, open-
ing well. Growth vigorous, florifer-
ous. Cut. F. T.
•JPenobla (Moss) Wm. Paul * Son,
^1892: -Flower soft satin rose, large,
full, buds well mossed. Growth vig-
orous. Bu. But.
Zephirine Drouhin (B.), Bizot 1873:
— Flower bright silvery p_ink, semi-
double, very showy, delicate per-
fume, thornless. Growth very vigor-
ous. G. Pil. H.
All descriptions of Eoses in this Dictionary are edited descriptions of
the raisers, introducers and growers, and the author tenders his most
sincere thanks for their kindly information and support of his book.
441
THE LAST WORD.
LET the last word be always the advice of your
nurseryman or of an expert. An ill-balanced
bed is a source of trouble at the pruning
season and often a disappointment at the time of
flower.
A letter to any nursery will always secure the
necessary information required, and a list of trees
suited for any bed in any situation.
DISCRETION.
ON going down my garden path,
I saw two roses kissing,
The one it was the Duchess of
The other word is missing !
I swore I'd tell the Duke of
And went to find his Grace,
But, lo ! he too was well engaged
In a very shady place.
I turned my back and walked away,
Then all the labels read,
But never, never will I say
Who occupied each bed ! T.G.W.H.
FINIS.
This book has been compiled, printed and
published in its entirety by ex-service men of His
Majesty's Forces.
Sundial Book?
C. 6eoffrep \V. fienslotu,
fascinating work containing upwards
of 400 pages of line drawings from
original sketches of Sundials that
exist, both ancient and modern.
The most complete <3D authoritative
work on Horology extant
Royal 8vo. 422 pp. Bound White
Vellum, Lettered in Gold.
Only a few copies remain unsold.
Orders executed in rotation.
Price £1 Net.
To le obtained from- —
THE VICKERY PRESS, Ltd.
187, West bourne Grove, London, W. n.
XXIV
INDEX.
PAGE
PAGE
Aphides
104
Continental Growers ...
355
April, Calendar of Work
212
Cutting for Exhibition
129
Arches. Roses for
181 Cuttings from Roses ...
93
Artificial Manures 30
, 33
Briar...
67
Attar of Roses
7
in open ground
94
August. Calendar of
,, Laxa ... ...
64
Work
216
Manetti
68
Autumn Roses
170 ,. under glass ...
95
Austrian Briar, The ...
166 Damask Rose, The ...
164
Ayrshire Rose*, The ...
167
December, Calendar of
Banks. Roses for
186 Work
220
Banksian Rose, The ...
169 Decoration, Roses for...
133
Bedding, Roses for
186 Depth for Planting ...
42
Beds
40 Disbudding for medalrose 123
Benches, Rose
159 Disbudding of buds ...
117
Berberry -Leaved Rose,
., eyes ...
55
The
175
., shoots...
118
Black Spot
107 Dog-Rose
64
Blooms
123 Drainage
19
Bourbon Rose, The ...
172
Dressing of Rose Blooms
130
Boursalt Ro.se, The ...
168
Dwarf Trees
226
Bracken...
45
Evergreen Rose. The ...
168
Briar, Austrian
166
Exhibiting. Roses for...
187
,, Cutting
67
Exhibition Boxes
127
,, Seedling...
69
Fairy Roses
173
,, Standard
65
February, Calendar of
., Sweet
167
Work
210
Budding knife
84
Fibrous Roots
17
Budding of Roses
80 Forcing of Roses
147
Building
197 Fragrance
115
Burnt Ash
37
French Rose, The
165
Bushes, Roses for
185
Frost, Protection against
45
Button-hole Roses
133
Fungus
105
Calendar, The Rose
Garden Ornaments
203
Growers
209
Garden Roses
58
Canker, Rose Tree
107
Garden Refuse
36
Carbon, Value of
29
Gardens, Treatment of
Caterpillars
101
Soil
20
Cesspool...
37
Glass, Roses for culture
Chalk Soil .. '.','.
19
under ...
192
China Rose, The
173
GoldMedal Roses of
Christmas
9
N.R.S
l'J3
Clay Soil-, Treatment of
19
Grafting
89
Climbing Roses.
cleft
92
Pruning of
54
,, rind
91
Climbing Roses, under
wedge
93
glass
157
., whip
90
Colour in decoration . . ,
134
Gravel Soil
20
,, scheme
125
Greek influence on Rose
"Contentment"
14 growing
5
XXV
INDEX (continued)
PAOB
PAGE
Green Fly 104
May, Calendar of \Vork
213
Greenhouse 149
Medal Blooms
121
Grubs, Destruction of ... 101
Mildew
105
Guano 36
Microphylla Rose, The
176
Heating of Houses ... 150
Moisture
18
Hedges, Roses for ... 180
Moisture in Greenhouses
159
Heeling in of Roses ... 40
Moss for Exhibition ...
129
Hoe 18
Moss Roses
163
Holders for labels ... 41
Motor Mowers
205
House Decoration with
Mulching
35
Roses 141
Musk Rose, The
174
Hybrid Bourbon Roses 166
„ China Roses ... 165
"My Flower Everlasting"
"National Emblem, The"
14
12
., Perpetual Roses 171
National Rose Garden...
356
Tea Roses ... 172
Night Soil
36
Hybridisation of Roses 71
Nitrates
32
Humus 32
Noisette Rose, The
174
Inarching 79
November. Calendar of
Insect pests 99
Work
219
January, Calendar of
October, Calendar of
Work 209
Work
218
Japanese Rose, The ... 176
Judging of Roses ... 131
Pegging down of Roses
„ selection for ...
185
186
,, on points ... 131
Pergolas of cut timber. .
199
July, Calendar of Work 215
,, rustic
199
June. Calendar of Work 214
Pests
100
Labels for Boxes ... 129
Phosphates
30
., ,, rose trees ... 41
Pillar Roses
57
Larvae of insects 103
Pillars, Selections for ...
182
Late planting of Trees 45
Plans and Planting
Lawrenceana Rose, The 173
Schemes
221
Layering of wood ... 96
Planting of Trees
41
Leaf -cutting Bee ... 104
Planting late in Season
45
Leaf-scorch 107
Polyantha Rose, The ...
175
Leaves 20
Pompom
135
Leaves for protection
Potash ,
30
against frost 45
Pot Roses
153
Lime 30
Potting Soil
153
"Live!" 11
Preparation of Rose Beds
18
Liquid Manure ... 37
Propagation
71
Loam ... 20
Protection of Trees . . .
45
Macartney Rose, The... 175
Provence Roses
163
Manetti stocks ... 68
Pruning
49
Manures, Classification of 25
,, Autumn versus
,, digging in of... 28
, , f arm yard ... 35
Spring
Pruning of Climbers ...
50
„ fish 37
, ,, dwarfs
61
„ house 36
,, garden roses
58
Manures ,reliable artificials 27
'. ,. pillars
57
„ stable ... 33
, .. roots
153
March, Calendar of Work 211
, ,. standards ...
60
XXVI
INDEX (continvel)
PAGE
Pruning- of weeping roses 69
List of Traders in this
section : —
Alex Dickson & Sons,
Ltd 228
A. D. Thompson,
F.E.H.S 285
Bees, Ltd 301
Benjamin R. Cant & Sons 233
Burbage Nurseries, Ltd. 263
Chaplin Bros., Ltd. ... 219
D. Prior & Son, Ltd. ... 309
Frank Cant & Co. ... 241
Gazes 281
George Burch ... ... 297
G. G. Whitelegg & Co.... 317
Henry Merryweather &
Sons 257
Hugh Dickson, Ltd. ... 237
James Carter & Co. ... 273
King's Acre Nurseries... 305
R. Wallace & Co., Ltd. 255
R. H. Bath, Ltd 277
Samuel McGredy k Son 245
S. Spooner k Sons ... 293
The Lakeland Nurseries 269
William Ferguson ... 261
Wm. Paul & Son ... 289
Queen of Flowers ... 6
Red Rust 105
Red Spider 155
Roman Influence on
Rose Growing 6
Roots. Cutting of ... 153
Rose Beds. Preparation of 18
Sand 19
Sandy Soil 20
Saw 54
Scent 115
Scotch Rose, The ... 167
Secateurs 53
„ versus knife... 53
Seed, Sowing of 69
Seedlings ... 75
,, growing of in
the open ... 76
Selections 177
September. Calendar of
Work 217
Setting up for Exhibition 126
Shade 16
Shading of Roses ... 123
PAOE
Shelter 16
Sites for Roses ... Ifi, 39
Soils 15
., for potting ... 153
Soot and sheep manure 37
Sooty Mould 107
Spraying against insect
pests 101
Spraying against mildew 1 55
„ with pure water 104
Sprays and Buttonholes 133
Standards, Procuring of
stocks 65
Standards, Roses for ... 183
Stocks 63
., Briar cuttings ... 67
,, Briar seedlings ... 69
,. DelaGrifferaie... 64
Dog Rose ... 64
„ Laxa 64
„ Length of ... 66
., Manetti ... 64, 68
., Standard Briars... 64
Stone for paths 207
Suburban Gardens, Roses
for 191
Suckers 97
Sulphur, Flowers of ... 105
Sweet Briar, the ... 167
Tap Roots 16
Tea Roses 178
„ pruning of 174
,. selections ... 188
Thermometer Six's ... 155
'• The Rose Garden " 14
"The Time of Roses" 11
Thrips 155
" To the Wild Rose " 11
Top dressing 28
Tying. Raffia for ... 88
„ in of buds ... 86
Types of Exhib' Blooms 121
Unpacking of Trees ... 40
Varieties and Habits ... 161
., Selections 177
Ventilation of Greenh'se 155
Walls. Roses for ... 178
Watering 47
Weeping Standards,
Roses for 1 83
White Roses, The ... 166
Wichuraiana Roses . . 170
ORCHIDS.
Armstrong & Brown
F.R.H.S.
Orchid Specialists,
RAISERS, GROWERS, IMPORTERS
:: :: AND EXPORTERS. :: ::
EXPERT ADVICE and Estimates
given for the erection of MODEL
ORCHID HOUSES, which are
acknowledged to be PERFECT
in every detail and give the most
SATISFACTORY RESULTS.
Hybrids and Rare and Choice Species a
Speciality.
THE BEST POTTING MATERIALS for ORCHIDS
SUPPLIED. ALSO THE BEST INSECTICIDE.
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Telegraphic Address Southborough S.E & C. Elys.
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