Buriat, Russia Grammar

HpH KOM6HHaTopaoM HepenoBaHHH SBOHKHe corjiacHHe b aScojiiOTHOM
0Hi3;e cjioBa h nepe^ rjiyxHMH peajiH3yiOTCH b BHj^e rjiyxHx BapnasTOB:
edsBoep ''KOJienoM' / yeddK ^Kojieno', myeeep 'u,eHTpoM' / myn ^i^eHxp',
opudoop *"c jioma/i,bMH' / Mopum ^jToraa/^ei', a6a 'bo3i>mh' / anmaxa ^6HTb
ihthm' (hjim aea I a0maxa),

HeKOMfiHHaTopHwe ^iepe;i;oBaHHH: alo: xamuaa6ma ixomuoo6iao ''HaHocHHK
»ffH'; o/y: coo coxuxo Icyy coxuxo ^npo6HTb% ab: eamajiaxa I edindJiaxa 'ne-
jnjiaB.iHThCH'; yla: xmdaxa I xsidaxa VHH^TO>KMTb'; yly: yuMaxa I yuMdxa
acTopf! ThCH\ 'notepHTb rojioBy'; aii/u: eadauxa I edduxB ^BwnHHHBaTb rpyj^b';
%: maHaedyu I hduBseyil ^Hero^HHH', meoM I heoM 'paccTOHHHe memjjj naJiB-
,mh'; m/iu: myjide I myjide ''paarap', ^pacii^BeT'; dis: eadaa I aasaa ^CHapyjKH',
hp89D ^Haaa^' / f.9.^<^^'3aTMJioK'; O/m: dypaesp I Mypaeap ^tohkhh, ji,a. js^num-
ih'; m/s: ofcyhoxo I syhdxa ^OTpeaaTb tohkhmh jioMTHKaMH'; bIm: aypuM I
ypoM 'nopH;i;oK\ 'pacnopHAOK'; el 3: eau I sail ^3J1o\ 'Hec^acxte', m/c:
mop I docoo ""BHyTpa', ''sHyTpeHHHH' .

Ho roBopaM ^lepe^yiOTcn: dimlh — Mopudue I Mopbiuu I Mopuhm ^JionxaAefi';
h — 6odood I 6ohood ^BCTas'; die — 6ypsiadaap I dyp^acaap ''no-SypHTCKH';
u — X9p98bie i xdpdud ^jiejio^; ylo — yhau I ohou '"Bo^a'; eelyy — yyxdu I
exoH ''cajio'; olo — cojioo opxo I cejiee opxo ^npHHTH b cosHaHHe'; oh — eon-
lyyp I eaniuyyp ^Hesofl.'; e/a — seaeen I eysdau ^>khbot'; yyly — yypeauuiu I
peaHuia ^nojieBaa MHinb'; ddh — myedmdd I myeamd 'xpan^ ropTaHsi', *'Ha/^-
3pTaHHHK'; Wm — uodoo I Modoo 'nHxta'; hid — dahaxa I dadaxa ^npuBH-
aTB'; hic — hojiooMOH I coaoomo ^cojioMa'; hliu — ahaesB I aiudsbi ^BOHJio^HHi';
6 — eypaxa I 6ypax9 ^saKBacHTb mojioko'; eld — aaahau I daahau ""rpydKa';
xl6 — oemoxo I oxmoxo I o6moxo ^saBH^oBaTb'; ch — cajuji I aaMM ^nax';
lu — cap I map '"boji', h t. a;.

Mopoojiorna

BypHTCKHH H3HK HO 3HaeT Jl,pyrHX a(|)(|)HKCOB, KpOMe Cy(|)cJ)HKCOB. HcnojiB-

yexcfl B HeM H anajiHTH^iecKHM cnocoS BHpameHHH rpaMMaTHnecKHx KaTero-
HH npH noMoin,H nocjiejioroB, BcnoMoraTejiBHHx rjiarojioB h ^acTHii;. Cjiy>Ke6~
bie cjioBa, ocoSeHHO HacTHu;H, HHor;i;a nepexoji;HT b cy<|)(|)HKCBi hjih cy^^HK-
DH^bi. npeji,CTaBjieHa h (|)jieKCHH^ nanpHMep b oTj^ejibHHx naj^e>KHbix 4>opMax
ocHOBax CJIOB (cp. apea ^'cpe^.cTBo' , bhh. na^. aps-ue, poA- na^. ape-uH —
jiHxep.; 6yjiam 'cTajib', bhh. na^. 6yAahu, po^;. na^. 6yjiahau, TBop. nap;.
yjiahaap — b 6oxaHCKOM rosope); npn cjioBoo6pa30BaHHH {233923 ""aaTHJioK' /
}dap83 ^Hasa^', aapaxa ^ji^SLTh oce^Ky' / d$p3X9 ^3axjie6HyTbCH', ^saHKaTbca',

13HX3B ^>KH3HeHHaH aHeprHH' / h3HX33 ^npHMTH B CQ^fC H T. ]\,).

B HeKOTopHx cjiy^anx oji;na h Ta me (|)opMa HMeeT necKOJibKo anaHeHHH:
m-x3 ''npHflCT' — HaKJioHGHHe H BpeMH; epBXd'6 ^npHfl;y' — jihi^o h hhcjio;

O-BBpdU ^npHXO;i,H' — JTHI^O, HaKJIOHeSHe, BpeMH H HBtCJIO; MOpU-M ^KOHb

m&y — jiHi^o, "iHCJio H npHHaA^e>KHOCTb; Mopu-moH ''KOHHHe' — coSnpa-
ejibHocTb, HHCJJO H np'SLUdL^jiemRocTh', oiuoe ""noH/^eM' — HaKJioneHHe, hhcjio,
peMH H T. ;i;.
JlHHHbie nacTHi^H -6, ~m, -6du, -m npnj^aiOT HMenaivi (|)yHKii,HK) CKaayeMOCTH,
co6cTBeHHO rjiarojiy — snaneHHe jiHHHoro cnpnHceHHH, h jiHinaiOT npHHa-
Tue OK) HMGHHHX cbohctb: yjiaau-ui ""(th) KpacHHH', xapauHa-6 '6eraK>',
naxa n 'yna^y'.

§ G. (Iyiu;ecTBHTejibHHe xapaKTopHsyioTCH TpoMH ochobhhmh

HecKOJibKHMH HacTHHMH KaTBropHUMH. Ochobhrb: CHCTOMa ira,Tie/Kei, npH-

HHcaTejibHHx qacTHT^ h KaxeropHH JiHii,a h ne-jiHi^a; nacTHHe: rpaMMaxHie-

Koe HHCJio, SHaneHHH coSHpaxejibHOCTH, co6cTBeHHHe h HapHii;aTejibHHe HMena

Ap. OcHOBHHe npHcyia,H tojibko cyiii;ecTBHTejibHMM. Bee npo^ine HMena cy6-

raHTHBHpyiOTCH, ecJiH npHHHMaioT yKasaHHHe KaxeropHH.

Ila;j,ea<ei 8: HMeHHTejibHMi, po/i;HTejibHHt, ji;aTejibHHH, BHHHxeJibHHH,

)yji;HbIH (XBOpHXBJIbHHH), COBMeCXHHH, MOXOjmUR H HaopaBHXeJIbHHH. BCO

2 H3HKH HapOJIOB CGGP, T. V 17

iia,ie>KH, KpoMe HMeHHTejibHoro, hmoiot cy$(|)HKcw, KOTopne b onpe^ojieHHWx
cjiynaHX MoryT 6htb aaMemeHw HyjiesHMH 4>opMaMM. HyjieBan (j^opna HMeeTCH
y BCex na^ejKefi, npoMe hcxo/^hofo h HanpaBHrojrbHoro. lIoHBjiaeTCH ona:
a) B po;^HTejiBHOM cySiieKTa b npHHacxiifcix ir i^eenpM'iacTHHx oSopoTax:
HapdMnuA epdXddd bmocto IJopDMnujiuH epsxDd.) Kor/^a npHmeJi I|,epeMiiHji'
(6yKB. ^ll,opeMnHJia npHmeAineMy'); 6) b poji^iik^jibhom HasHaMOHMH: yxap
mapsB BMecTO yxspdil mapea "^Tejiera ji,jih ynpnjKKH 6HKa'; b) b BKHHiejibHOM
na;;e>Ke b cyiu,ecTBHTejiBHHx He~JiHi3,a: MKxa ddjiadxdXd bmocto .H^a:6ie 69A9dxax$-
'aaroTOBKa MHca' (cp. pyccK. MRCOsaeomofiKa); r) b ^aTCJiBHOM npn BHpa>KeHHit
o6in,eH npocTpancTBeHHOH HanpaBJieHHociM 6e3 ^exajiHsai^HH: Mocnea opoxo
BMecTO Mocneada opoxo ^noexaxb b MocKBy' (ho HeBosMowHo coHeTamie eap
opoxo bmccto eapma opoxo ^bohth b .iom'); j{) b opy^HOM (xBOp.) b anaMCHKHX
«HanojiHeHHe npe^MeTa» hjih «bpomh coBepineHHH ;i,eHCTBHH»: sdp dyypdu xyu
BMecTo eapdap dyypan xyy ^aom, iiojihbth iiapo/^y'; uaMap epaSa bmbcto uaMa-
paap epa6a ^npuSHJi oceHBio' h t. ii.; e) b coBMecTHOM — npn noj^^epKHBanHH
npH3HaKa upe^Mexa: 6yma 6oAdoe eaaap BMecTO 6yma 6oAdoemou eaaap ^60-

JlOTHCTaH MeCTHOCTb'.

B ocHOBax c ncyCTOH^HBHM H B coBMeCTHOM naflie>Ke bosmohcho ynoTpe6jie-
HHe cy(|)<j)HKca opyAHoro naji^ema. -aap, -aap^ ho c coxpaHeHHeM n: maMoauaap
^c Bep6jiiofl;oM', maMoa<^3ap 'BepSjHO^OM'. EcjiHJKe b coBMecxHOM nepefl. oKOH^a-
HHeM -mail He coxpaHHxcH h, nanpHMep maMaamau BMecxo maMaaumaUy mo-
domou BMecxo Modoumod, to nxo cKopee 6y/i.ex osHanaxb He coBMecxHOCxt,
a HajiHHHe ^aHHoro ^p(^^^l(*1a y Koro hjih nero-JiHSo: maMaamau 6yKB. ^Bep6~
jiio>KHaH (mccxhocxb)', '^icjioBeix, HMeK)ni;HH Bep6jiiOAa% Modomou \^iecHcxHH\
'HMeioinHw 6peBHa hjih najiKy' h x. a-

JI,BOMHwe (J)opMW ckjiohchmh: poAHTejiBHHH c A^xejibHUM — axunda
'y Cpaxa'; AaxejibHHii c hcxoahhm — eapmahaa 'hs ^o^a'; coBMecxHWH c bh~
HHxejibHHM — mapeamaue ^BMecxe c xejieron' Has 'xoro, kxo hmoox xejiery';
c po/iHTejibHHM — mapeamauH 'b6jih3H xoro, y Koro xejiera'; c ^axejibHWH —
mapeamauda ^xoMy, y Koro xe^era'; c coBMecxHHM — mapedmaumaii 'c xeM,
y Koro xejiera'; c hcxoahhm — mapeamauhaa ^ox xoro, y Koro xejiera"; c opy^-
HWM — mapeamaueaap ^xeM, y Koro xeJiera';c HanpaBHxejibHWM — mapeamau-
pyy 'no HanpaBJieHHK), y Koro xejiera'. GoBMecxHHH naAem b oxjm^me ox A^t-
xejibHoro Mo>Kex npHcoeAHHHxbcn ko bccm KOCBeHHMMnaAejKaM, h cjioBO(t>opMa
B axoM cjiy^ae npHo6peTaex dojibnieii nacxbio aHaneHHe JiHua. Ho bo3moh\ho h
B 3Ha^ieHHH He-jiHii,a: siMap Mopuue acapxaMuuM? ^KaKyK) jioraa/i,b npHBecxii?' —
mapeamaue ^xy, c xejieron'; HMapma v6ha vaaxaMHu6? ^naKOH jioraaAH a^xb
ceHO?' ^ mapeamauda 'xoh, c xejieroii' h x. a* Ohh BbinojiHfliox $yHKi^HH:
naAe>K-hnpeAJror (b pyccK.), h b hhx CMemaioxcH aHaHCHHH iiaAe^KeM.

IIpHBOAHM CKJIOHCHHO cyiii,ecxBHTejibHWx {m^Maau ^BopGjiiOA', aan ^o6h-
Man', dajiau ^Mope', 6ae 'xejio', aeuyypu ^npoMhicen\ aaapea ''3Kepe6ei^\ ecu
^oroHb').

E^HHCTBeiiHoe iHCjro

I

II

III

IV

Mm.

maMaa-H

aan

dajiaii

6ae

PoA.

maMaan-au

aaud'au

dajiau-H

dae-UH (be

Aax.

maMdan-da

:mii-da

(da-lan)
dajiau-da

Jin)
6ae-da

Bhh.

mamaa-e

aam-bie

daAOu-e

dae-hie (be-

OpYAH.
CoBMecxH.

mamaa-zaap
maMaan-
mail

aam-aap
aan-mau

(daldji)
dajiaud-aap
dajiau-mati

jije)
dae-ap
dae-mau

Hex.

maMaan-haa

aauekaa

dajvail-haa

6ae-haa

HanpaB.

mamaa-pyy

aan-pyy

dajiau-pyy

6ae-pYY
(bijirfl)

18

V

VI

VII

Mm.

aeuyypu

azapza

zaji

PoA.

aznyypu-
UH (ag-
nar'm)

asapz-uH

ZaA-UH

AaT.

aznyypu-da
(agiiflr'-
da)

aaapza-da

zaA-da

Bhh.

aznyypU'Ue
(agntlr^-
ije)

asapz-hie

zoji'bie

OpyAH.

aznyyp-Bup
(agntlr'ar)

asape-aap

zcui-aap

CoBMeCTH.

aenyypu-

asapza-

zoA-maii

mail (ag-

mail

nar'tai)

Hex.

aznyypu-
haa

aaapza-kaa

zas-haa

HanpaB.

aznyypu-

pyy

aaapza-pyy

zajv-pyy

Ha npHBeAeHHHx npHMepoB bhaho, hto BH^e-rtHioTCH b cKJionenHH cjieAyro-
mne pa3H0BHAH0CTH ochob: 1) c KOHeHHWM SerjiHM (|>apHHrajibHHM h {mdMdSH-,
m^MBd-, m9Mdd{ey) *; 2) c yctohhhbhm (|)apHHrajibHHM h {aau-, 3am-)\ 3) c ko-
He^HWM AH(I)TOHroM {dajiaU-, daji-, daAaii{ey); 4) c kohchhwh HoxHpoBaHHHM
rjiacHHM {6de-, 6d{iiy)\ 5) c KOHe»mi>iM u {aeuyypu-, aeHyyp{h))\ 6) c Kone'i-
HHM rjiacHHM {aaapea-, asape-); 7) c kohc^ihbim corjiacHMM {eajt-), Cjie^yeT

OTMeTHTb, ^ITO B CJIOBaX C H HMeeTCH BapHaU,HH OCHOB CUI.e B TaKMX THnaX CJIOB,

KaK Mofhfi 'jiepeBo', xvH ""qejioBeK'. B nepBOM cjiy^iae ocHOsa b poahtcjibhom
naAe>Ke (op$. Modou-oU) Modu-, b BHHHTejibHOM h opyAHOM Mod-; cp. cootbgt-

CTBGHHO m3M90H — pOA- mOM39H-, BHH. m3Md3-, OpyAH. m3M0o{ay. Bo BTOpOM

cjiynae ocHOsa ocTaeicH bo Bcex naAe5Kax HeH3MeHH0H, KaK b HMenHTejibHOM,
:m HCKjiioHeHHeM BHHHTejii>Horo: xvuuue (xtin'ije) —- xvii(b). B jx^aneunRX
pasHOBHAHocTCH ocHOB sHaHHTejibHo 6ojii>rae ^. Bo MHo>KecTBCHHOM me HHCJie
iiapaAHrMa ckjiohohhh OAHOTHOHa h noJiHocibK) cooTnexcTByeT ceAbMoii
rpynne (cm. VII).

HocJiejiorH BHpamaiOT bpomchhwo, npocTpaHCTBenHHe, npHHHHHwe, iiie-
jieBiie, ynoAo6HTe.ii>HHe h APyrne oTHomeHHH. Ohh (JjynKi^HOHHpyioT neaa-
BHCHMO OT naAG>Kcii K B oTAGJibHHx cjiyHaflx ynpaBjiHK)T HMH, HanpHMep:
poAHTeJibHHH H HCxoAHHH sqpuH xuMyyOa 'oKOJio AOMa' (6yKB. ^AO^aSoKy'),
^jph33 caanaa 'aa aomom' (6yKB. 'ot AOMa (hcx. naA.) AaJibrae'), vdaphdd
xoUino 'riocjie nojiyAHa' (6yKB. *'oto ahh noaaAH'), axuH myjia ^paAH 6paTa'

H T. A.

(I)0pMH npHTHJKaHHH HGCyT ABOHCTBCHHyK) $yHKH,Hio: 1) TpaMMaTHHecKyH),
3aKJiiOHaK)n];yK)CH b npoTHBonocTaBJieHHH cym,ecTBHTCJibHoro APyrHM HMenaM;
2) jieKCH^iecKyjo, aaMenniomyio $yHKH,Hio cooTBeTCTByK)ni,Hx MecxoHMeHHH.
ynoTpeSjioHMe npHTHmaTejibHoro MecTOHMCKHH ne BcerAa aBJinexcH o6H3a-

TeJTbllbLM H BO MHOrOM 3aBHCHT OT CTHJIHCTH^ieCKHX BapHaU,HH. IIpHTHJKaTeJIb-

nan 4iopMa SbiBaeT AByx bhaob: 1) jiH^iHo-HCBosBpaTHafl h 2) jinqHo-BosBpaTHan.
HepBaa <|)yHKi^HOHajibHo h reneTHHecKH cooTBeTCtByex iipHTamaTeJibHHM
MecTOHMeHHHM 1-ro, 2-ro h 3-ro jiHi^a:

* SayK e HBJlHeTCH BCTaBOHHHM (HCKJIIOHeHHe — B CJIOBaX C yCTOli^HBHM m).

5Cm.:T. A. BepxaraeB. Mop$oiiorH»iecKaH CTpyKxypa cjiona b MonrojibCKHX

H3HKaX (pyKOHHCb, XpaHHXCH B JIO HH-Xa fl3WK03HaHHH AH CCCP).

2*

i%t

MeCTOHMCHHH,

XIoKasaTejiB
npHTflmaBBa

nocjie rjiacHoro

noKaaaTejiH

npHTHHtaHHH

cocne corjiacHoro

reHCTHHecKH

H 4)yHKItHOHaJIfaH0
COOTBCTCTByiOinHe

nnKaaaTCJiHM

npHTHJKaHHft

' - ^^H.

'Mf -MHU

-HW

MUHUU 'moh*

"Muaii

"HaU

ManaU 'nam'

2 - I'..

-a*, -mnu

-lUHU

lUUHUU *TBOH*

-mnaU

^mnaU

manaU *Hani'

3 ji. eA-

"Hb

^eUHbt -UUHb

-UHb

-blHb

u«l/® 'ero*,*MX*

HOKaaaTeJIH BOSBpaTHHX npHTH>KaTeJIBHHX $OpM (lyHKI^HOHaJIbHO COOT-

BeTCTByiOT BoaBpaTHO-npHTHmaxejiBHOMy MecTOHMeHHio eepueee ""cboh',
'cBOH% 'cBoe'. reHGTHHecKH Hce OHH He HMeioT HHKaKHx anajiorHH c COBpeMeH-

HHMH B03BpaTHHMH MeCTOHMeHHHMH . B ;aipeBHeM H3HKe HM COOTBeTCTBOBaJIH

noKaaaxeJiH fo«, u9h HeHSBecTHoro npoHCxoHc^eHHH. IIoKaBaTejiHMH jiHiHoro
B03BpaTHoro npHTH>KaHHH HBJiHioTCH ^o^rHG TJiacHHe, BapbHpyeMHe B 3aBH-
CHMOCTH OT TJiacHOH ocHOBH cjioBa: -aa, -00, -00, -ad. Hanprnviep: dypaa ^cboio
jiioSoBb', MopuHOo ^CBoero kohh', ydajiMoeuee ^CBoe 3HM0Bbe', damasda ^CBoe
HHCbMo' H T. ;^. B saBHCHMocTH OT npe;3,mecTByiom,ero hm 3ByKa b ocHose
vKasaHHHe noKasaxejiH Moryr hmotb npn co5e ;^o6aBo'^HHe coeAHHHTejibHfcie
corjiacHHe: -a, -we, -il > -eaa, -eoo h t. /?;., -maa^ -boo h t. ;^., -^a, ~e h t. ft.
EftHHCTBeHHoe HHCJio BHpaHceiio ocHOBOH cjioBa, a MHO>KecTBeHHoe — ny-
TeM npucoeftHHeHHfl k ochobo cnei^naJiBHHx noKasaTejien. EftHHCXBeimoe

HHCJIO — 3X0 He TOJIbKO KaxeropHH eftHHHqHOCXH. Cl>0pM0H eAHHCXBeHHOrO

HHCJia, T. e. OCHOBOH cjioBa, Mo>Kex 6wxjb BHpa'/KGH npe^Mex Kan xaKOBofi,
6e3oxHocHTejibHo K HHCJiy, a6cxparHpoBaHHo ox nocjiCAHero: zapaa yeaa
^MOH pyny cboio' (a He ^pyKH*), ujodadpaa xapa 'cMOxpH rjiasoM cbohm' (a He
*"rjia3aMH'), Mopuu dypdau xyjimdu ^jioraa^b c nexMpbMH hofoh' (a He ^HoraMH'),
osoH edp ^MHoro lopxa' (a ne ^lopx'), syyu vxap ^cxo 6hk' (a ne ^6hkob') h x. ft.
B coHexaHHH, cocxonmeM H3 oapeftejienHH (KaHecxBenHoo npHJiaraxejiBHoe)
H onpeftejiaeMoro, ^^opjvcy MHOH\ecxBeHHoro HHCJia mo/Kox npHHHXB oftHO H3
conexaeMbix — onpeftejienne hjih onpeftejinexMoe: exauyyO edp ''SojibniHe ftOM'
(bmocxo ^ftOMa') HJIH ex3 eapnyyd ^Sojibhioh ftOMa' (BMecxo ^SojibnxHe'). OftnaKo
npHHHXb ee Moryx h o6a conexaeMHx: exauyyd sdpnyyd ^Sojibrane ftOMa',
Cmanyyd 6yxajiHyyd ^MaJienbKHe kohhh' h x. ft. HoKasaxejieM MHOjKecxBen-
Horo HHCJia BHpaJKaexcH h Hften coSHpaxejibHOCXH. IIoaxoMy: xynyyd
'MejioBeKH' H ^jiK)ftH\ Hoed 'na'iajibHHKH' h '"HanajibcxBo' h t. ft. Hmbiotch no-
KasaxeJiH, b KoxopHx Hften codnpaxejibHocxH rocnoftCXByex naft noHHXHeM
MHo>KecxBeHHocxH, SjiaroftapH neiviy noKaaaxejiH MHo>KecxBeHHoro HHCJia Moryx

6HXb ftBOHHHMH. <l)0pM0H MHOJKeCXBeHHOrO HHCJia HBJIHeXCH 0, KOXOpaH B ftH-

ajieKxax h b jiHxepaxypHOM hshko peajiHsyexca b BHfte m. (I>opMa d
HapamjHBaexcfl 3a c^iex coeftHHHxejibHHx rjiacHHx h corjiacHHx h sHcxynaex
B cjieftyroiD,Hx BHftax: -yyd, -yyd, -Hyyd, -uyyd, -syyd, -eyyd, cp. hom ^KHHra' —
MH. H. HOMyyd {uoMd bo mh. h. HeB03MO>KHo), adyyn — ddyynyyd ^xa6yHH\
eap — eapuyyd ^pyKH', aufe) — amyyd ^3BepH'. ^opna -nap (-nap) obrsl-
^aex co6HpaxejibHoe mhojkocxbo jihi^: axauap ^cxaprane', dyyuap ^MJiaftmne'
H T. ft. HaSjiioftaexcE yftBoenne noKa3axejieH nyxen npH6aBJieHHH k OftHony
noKasaxejiK) ftpyrnx noKasaxejiei hjih hx BapnanxoB: -napuyyd (-Hap-\-Hyy-d):
axauapHyyd ^cxaprane'; -dyyd {d-{-yy-d): haMaaadyyd ''HceHmHHH'; -luyyd
(djiu+yy-d): da^-uiyyd ^^dora^H', 6asa-myyji ^MajiBiniH' {dlm-^-yy-zi, a ^ Jiap I

^ <l>opMa ftpeBHCMOHroJiBCKafl.

20

Hap) 'huud {d!h-\~yy-d) Qaza-hyyd ^Majium'. JlfiomiUQ noKaaaTeJiH MHOKecTBen-
Horo HM.cJiSi-HapHyyd, -uiyyd, -uiyyjiYnoT]^e6uTejihnu tojibko b cyrn,ecTBHTejib~
HHx CO aHaneHHeM jiHina. Oco6hhkom ctoht (|)opMa -man, -mdu^ KOTopan Btipa-
>KaeT H^eio co6HpaTejibHOCTH, nocceccHBHOCTH, o^^yineBjieHHOCTH h MHOJKecTea
o;i;HOBpeMeHHo: 6yymaH ^BoopyjKeHHHe' (^HMeioiii;He opyHcne'). CymecTBHTejiE-
HMe CO SHaieHHeM jiHu;a npHHHMaiOT $opMH co6HpaTeJiEHoro MHo>KecTBa -uap^
-layyd, -luyyji, ^to HCKJiio^eHO aJih cymeCTBHxejibHWx He-JiHiija: oxsudp ^ncen-
ii3;HHbi\ 'H<eHin,HHa', daeamyyji ^MaJiHmH', ho HeB03Mo>KHo: Modouop ^j^e-
peBba' % maseauiuyyji 'copoKH% xouumyyd ^obi^h'. Hnor^a Hapa/^y c cy$(|)HK~
COM -luyyA ynoTpeSJiHCTCfl cy(|)$HKc -man, nanpHMep Mopumyyji h Mopumon

^KOHHHKH', 'BCaj^HHKH'. V Co6CTBeHHHX HMGH HOT <|)OpM MHOJKeCTBeHHOrO HHCJia.

CjieAOJiaTCJiBHO, Hex h eAHHCXBeHHoro ^HCJia. A Me>K;i;y tgm JiioSoe HapHu,a-
TOJiLHoe HMH, o6o3HaHaioin,ee o^HHOMHoe hjih coSHparejibHoe HBjioirae, mohcct
HMOTFi (|)opMy MHOHcecTBCHHoro HHCJiai dJiBlwuyyd ''paaJiH^Hbie necKH', hynyyO

'MHOJKeCTBO COpTOB MOJIOKa HJIH COCyjIiOB C MOJIOKOM' H T. A.

npoH3Boji,HHe cymecTBHTejiEHwe o6pa3yi0TCH ox ochob rjiarojia h HMeH

npH nOMOmH CaMHX paSJIHHHHX Cy(|)4)HKC0B.

Ox rjiarojiBHHX ochob: a) HMCHa A^Hxean: a6p-aaiuu ^cnacHxejit' , aam-
d9Uiu ""cjieAfliUHH', madH-yyji ""pasBOA^rHK', aapa-ca ^cjiyra', syu-pdH ^6eTyu\
3asi-6apu ^xBopeij;', omoo-u ^passHBa', sd-ioyp 'Haxjie6HHK', omoo-dou I
amaa-dau ""poxoaea'; 6) HMcna co SHa^CHHeM npe/i,Mexa ji,eHCXBHH: sypa-e
^pHcyHOK', caxuA-eaan ^mojihhh% eap-aa ''pacxoA', cadma-dahau ^o6py6oK\
xapaa-p ^pyraHB', udMd-pu ''npHSasKa', xyyp-Mae ^He6wjiHi^a' , ^mh<J>% aen-
yypu ^oxoxa', 6aii-pa ^cxoHHKa', adu-iud ^efl,a', xad-aahau ^rsoaj^^b', haa-jiu
'AOHKa% moxo~M ^hoxhhk', 6au-ca ^CKajia', maeaa-6ap ^CMoxposaH n^e^nb',
''oKHo', ym-aau ^amm', Mspbe-dxsil ^me6exyHbH', amaa-xail ^nxcHeu,', yMdd-n
^inxaHH', maeA-aa ^nH5K', Mau-yyAU ^nyrajio', yeji-yypea ^^exoJi\ haji-aa
^oxpocxoK', maSu-cyyp ^ji,ojib\ ^cyfl;i>6a', xymBJiB-6mB ^npHi^en\ 6apu-Mma
""nejieHKa', dojieo-6op ^yKaaaxejibHHH najiei^', ayha-jian 'jiexHHH A^^£t% ^YY^
wvp ^Bo/^ona^', moum-yyji 'astcji', uiap-yyhan 'jKapKoe', xyped-ddhdu ^mo-
poH(eHoe MHCo% meejt-yyp "^i^upKyjib', rndd-ube 'cxoji6h', ^noAnopKH b ji;e-
peBHHHOH lopxe', xap6-yyxau ^cxpejiKa'; b) HMena co SHaneHHeM npoi^ecca
ji,eHCXBHH: coxu-jimo ""y^ap', 6apu-Aea ^cxpoHxejibCXBo' , ofcapsa-Aau ^Hacjiam-
^eHHc', si6a-daA ^noxo}K;i;eHHe', hypeaa-A ^yneHHa', ypad-xoA '"xeneHHe',
6apu-Mma ^ji^oKaaaxejibcxBo', xapa-Mma ^ocMoxpHxeJibHocxb', cyeA-aan ^co-
6paHHe', coxu-doA ^SneHHe', xau^a-dau ^Kamejib', eapa-ca 'nepexo^;', moem-'
yypu ^ycxoH^HBocxb', xouiuoao-h 'nocjie^cxBHe', udeotc-yyA ^o6bicK% syy-iua
^aaKyCKa', cacdeAB-A ^i^sexeHHe', xdp-yyp ^AP^Ka'; r) HMCHa co SHaneHHeM
OPYAHH a^hcxbhh: eaazn-yyp ^naHJiBHHK', syp-yyA ^cnn^Ka', vpa-6map 'pam-
HHJib'; xym-yyped ^pbinar', xaxyyA-u ^yfl;oHKa\

Ox HMCHHHx ochob: a) HMCHa ji;eflxejiH h Jiim: bm-xubh 'jieKapb', xee-xdu
^/pixfl', aA6a-maH ^;^aHHHK^ axa-dau ^MOJio^ei^', 6YA9-Hcdz ^rpynna jhoagh',
axau-H'cap ^cxapmnfi 6pax\ ^napenb-saBOAHJia', y6zee-H-c9p ^cxapHKan',
^cxapHKH% 6vA-ee-A9-H-c$p ^poAHHe% Manau-xuH 'naniH (jiioah)', xyda-eyU
•"cBaxa', xyy-x9H '^eBOHKa', xyy-xdA-ddu 'KyKJia', 6aphsia-dau ^KpHKyn',
cau-hae, cau-Ma-haa^ cau-iua ^jiioSnxejib ^aa'; 6) npeAMexHHe HMena: my6yy-
xaU ^nxaniKa', cacaa-Aun 'ca^', '"i^bcxhhk', yAaa-eana '"OpycHHKa', xypa-Cma
'nanepcxoK', myyAau-xau ^saHHOHon', moo-pos *'nHJib'.

§7.npHJiaraxejibHoe He HSMcnaexca h He npHHHMaex $opM npH-
xflH^aHHH, Haxo^Hxca Bcerfla b npenoani^HH k onpe^ejiaoMOMy, cocxaBJiaa
c HHM HHXOHai^HOHHoe OAHHCXBO, B HocxHOSHi^HH nepexo^Hx B CKasyGMoe,
He MGHHa (|)0pMy. Cp. yndBSdHBu caeaau xaAhhau ^asHHaa 6eJiaa CKopjiyna'
H ynddsdiidu caeaau, xaAhhau xoep xadmdua, 'aH^HHH 6ejioK h cKopjiyna Jie-

' OopMa -Hap, 'Hop B HMenax co aHa^ieHHeM HeoAymeBjieHHHX cymecTBHTeJibBUX

BCTpeiaCTCfl B OJ^HOH SypHTCKOH JieXOBHCH XIX B. KaK HCKJIIOieHHe, CBOHCTBeHIJOC HH-

MHBH;^ya.ii>iioMy aBTopcKOMy asHKy.

21

>KaT' (6yKB. ^HHHia 6ejioK, CKopjiyna Jie>KHT'); gap yuddp ^js,om — bhcokhh',
edpHb ModoH ^}xou (oro) — ;^epeBHHHHH'. 8th npHSHaKH ne CBOHCXBeHHH cy-
mecTBHxejibHHM, cjie^oBaTejiBHo, ModoH KaK npHJiaraTCJibHoe ^jiEepeBflHHWH'

I paMMaTHHOCKM H HO 3HaHeHHK) HO HMeCT HHHerO 05HI,er0 C CymeCTBHTGJIbHHM

ModoH '/^epeBo', KaK 6h ^OHexHqecKH ohh hh 6hjih cxomh.

HMeeTCH, TaKHM oSpaaoM, rpynna 0TH0CHTejii»Hwx npHJiaraxejibKHx,
OMOHHMHHX cyiii,ecTBHTejii>HHM, M rpynna KanecTBeHHHx npHjiaraTejibHHx —
HeoMOHHMHHx. B OTjiHHHe OT nepBr»ix BTopwe H3MeHHiOTCH no naAOKaM, HO
npH 3T0M OHH nopexo^HT B CymeCTBHTeJIBHHe.

K HenpoH3BOfl;HMM npHjraraTejibHHM othochtch: yy '"npocTopHbin', ^niH-
poKHH% exB ^Sojibraon' h t. n. Ho npoH3Bo;a;HHe npHJiaraTCJibHbie, Hain,o Bcero
Ka^iecTBeHHbie, o6pa3yiOTCH npn noMomH pasjiHHHHx cy4)<|>HKC0B ot hmch h
rjiarojibHMx ochob.

Ot HMeHHHX ochob: myzaap-xu ^fliasHHranHn' , Msixa-Aas ^mhcmctwm',
yhan-cap ^bo;i;hhhctmh', aypxB-Jiue ^SeccxpamnHH', eoe-Mco^ 'i|)()pcn('THM',
uiyAyy-pxyy ''KaMenHCTMH', apa-A-xae ^MyH^ccxBCHHHH', uapa-ma 'cojiHe4HWM%
yyp-mau ^copAHTHii', cyy-pxau ^amphbhh', Myy-xau ^njioxoii', mdH-Yy-xau
^rjiynwn', xydad-uia ""jukhbhii', xydoji-iua-xaH 'ckjiohhhh k BpaHBio', scuiyy-
ha-Mae 'Mo-ioHxaBtiii', dyjiaan-iuad ^'xenjiOBaTHH', dxauap-uids ''}KeHonoji,o6HHH\
dX3H$p-hoe ';iio6Hin,HH yxa>KHBaTb 3a >KeHm;HHaMH% HOM-myy ''hoxojkhh na
Menn', Modo~6xu ^oj^epeBHHe.jiHH\ yjtaa-6ap ^HencHO-KpacHHi', asi-jidap 'npn-
BeTJiHBMH', ca-eaan ^6ejiHM\ ma6-x9p ^KBa/^paTHtiii', o6-aop ^Bcny^eHHHH\
hoMasa-cap, oau-Mcap ^jKeHCTBeHHun', kojixo3-ouh~xu ^kojixoshhh', pauon-
doxu '"paioHHHH', moho-6mop ^MacjiHHHCTHH', caa-da ''noTycTopoHHHi'.

Ot rjiaro^BHHx ochob: naphR-xau ^TpecKy^Hii', Mapxa-dmap ^Mep.iKHii',
mapxa-eap ^nysarbm', caxuAaa-MU ''6jien^ymHH', adaeaa-Maap ^H3Jie4MMbiM',
yup-Mae ^cunyHHi', dadma-MOJi ^KOBaHHH', luada-Map ^yMejiMii', daapa-
Mdau(Mxau) ^Jierno Mep3Hym,HH', oiuieO'Mcop(Mmop) ^hohhtjiebuh', eauxa-
Miaae-mau ^yj^HBHTejibHWH^ xyeMa-mu ^pasBHTbin', imoAda-mup 'jinnKHn',
dajieapa-mhi ^npocTpaHHHH', napa-H-myy '"topohjihbhh', couio-M-eou ^nyrjin-
bmh', xa6uL-yy 'xecHWH', 6€mpxa~Mae *'KHqain;HicH 6oraTCXBOM', xyyAupxa-
Mae ^jiTo6Hn3,HH 3aK0HH0CXb% xamyypxa-Mahae ^CKynosaxocxb', xomup'yyxail
^KpHBon', ^M3orHyxHH', muudxa-xu ^pemHxejibHHii', adupxa-s ^3aji,opHCTUH',
*JIHX0H[\ oAou~M-8op ^HepacxoponHHH', mahap-x-au ^pa30pBaHHHH'.

Oco6o BH/^ejiHioxcH oii;eHOHHHe o6pa30BaHHH Ka»iecTBeHHHx npHJiaraxejib-
HHx. 06pa3yioxcH ohh npn noMomH cy(|)(|)HKCOB, aHaJiHXH«iecKH, cHHxaKcn-
HecKH H nyxeM noBxopa. CoScxBeHHO oi^eHOHHue: a) yMeHi>mHxejibHHe: yjiaa
6map ^KpaCHOBaxHH', yAaa-xau ^KpacHeHbKHa:', yAaa-uias ^HGCKoaBKo npacHo-
BaxHH', yAaa-dap ^nenmo KpacHeHbKHli', yAaa-6mapmae ^KpacHOBaxeHF>KHH'
H p;p.; 6) ysejiHHHxejibHHe: yeaa yAaau ^oneHB KpacHHH', yAaan eahan 'caMwii
KpacHHii' (6yKB. ^KpacHHH CKaaaHHWH'); nyxen noBxopa nepsoro cjiora co
BCxaBOHHHM corjiacHWM y6: y6 yAaan ^HpKo-KpacHHt'. ConocxasHxejiBHO-
oi^enoHHbie: a) b cpaBHHxojiBHOH cxenenH BHpa>KeHH cHHxaKCH'iecKH hmh npe;i~
Mexa B HCxoj^HOM naAe>Ke+npHJiaraxejibHoe: (ana) Mopuuhoo haim 'jiynnie
(axoro) kohh'; 6) b ^peBocxoJ^HOH cxencHH — nyxeM noBxopa h c noMombio
$opMw Hcxo/^Horo naji^ema b nepBOM KOMnoHeHxe peAynJiHKaxa: yAaauhaa
yAaan ^caMHH KpacHHii', ^HaHKpacneHmHH\

§8. HHCJiHxejibHHe b 6ypHTCK0M hshkb He hmbiot coGcxseHHHx
rpaMMaxH*iecKHx <|>opM, KpoMe cjioBoo6pa30BaxejibHHx. CHCxeMa c»fexa —
^ecHTH^Haa: naean ^o;^hh', xoep ^ab^'? sypSau '^xpn', dyp6an ^Hoxbipe',
ma6an ^nnxt', aypeaan ^niecxb', doAoon ^ceMb\ HauMan ^BOceMb', johanffocan)
^^eBHXb', ap6aH ''fl;eCHTb', ap6an naean ^o;3,HHHaj^n;axb', ap6an xoep ^A^eHa^-
ii;axb', xopun ^ ABa;i;i^aTb' , eyiuan ^TpHfl;i;axb', dyiu-an ''copoK', ma6un ^nnxb^e-
cht', Mapan ^mecxb^ecHx' , daAan ^ceMB^ecHx', nasian ^BOceMbA^CHT', epan
'AeBHHocxo', ayyn ^cxo', xoep ayyn ^abocxh', zypdan ayyn ^xpacxa', MSiman
'xHCHHa', naea Msiman eyp6an ayn ap6an madan ^THcnna xpncTa nHXHa^i^aTb'

(6yKB. ^THCHHa TpH CXO A^CflXB haxb').

22

IIpH CKJiOHCHHH 4HCJiMTe.Tibiiwc cy6cTaHTHBHpyT0TCH: xoepue ^AByx'
03HaHaeT ^ji;Byx jihu, hjih iipcAMeroB' hjih >Ke oTBjioqeHHoe KOJiH^ecTBeHHoe
noHHTHe.

Pa3pH/i,w HHCJiHTejibHHx oSpaayiOTCH cjieAyiom,HM o6pa30M: nopH^KOBHe —
eyp6a~daxu 'TperHii'; codHpaTejibHwe — eypS-yy-Aau ^BTpoen'; paa^eJiHTejib-
HHe — 2yp6-aad ^no Tpoe'. Cy^(|)HKC -Jian HMeet o6m,HH KopcHb c cy(|)<|)HK-
COM coSHpaTejibHoro MHOH«ecTBeHHoro HHCJia -nap {-Hap/-Aap, c BMna^c-
HMGM p H noHBjieHHeM B KOHi^e Serjiolo H — jiaH); -doxa, -daxu bocxo^ht
K c^oBy daxuH ^noBTopno', ^ohhtb', b KOTopoM BMna^aeT 6erjiMH h; -ood,
-aau cy(|)(|)HKC paa^eJiHTejibHoro A^enpHHacTHH. K HeHCHHCJiHCMHM hhcjih-
TejibHHM othochtch: ceen ''MajioMHCJiCHHHH', ojloh ^mhofo', sapuM ^hckoto-
pHH% YpeheoH ^o^Ha H3 napH'; xaxad, xajimaeau, ymapxau ^nojiOBHna'.
flpo6HHe o6pa3yioTCH nyxeM coHexaHHn HHCJiHTejibHoro b poAHxejibHOM
naAGHte co SHaMenaTCJieM b 4>opMe hm. iia^. eyp6aHau xoep ^a^b TpeTH'
(6yKB. ^Tpex ABa') h t. ii.

§ 9. MecTOHMeHHH Mop^o.iorH^ecKH He bhaojihiotch H3 APyrHx
Hacxen pe^H. PasjiHHaioTca Asa xHna MecxoHMeHHH; HMeHHfcie h rjiaroJibHHe.
Bee MecxoHMeHHH pacnaAaioxcH na cjioBOH3MeHHxejibHHe h HecjioBOH3MeHH-
xBJibHHe. CjioBOH3MeHHxejibHHe — 3X0 MecxoHMeHHH cy6cxaHXHBHHe, axpH-
6yxHBHHe H coScxBeHHO rjiaroJibHHe: x9h ^kxo', nwddnuue ^axHx', siana '»no
Aejiaex', siMup ^KaKon', stahan ^mo A^-^aBraHn'. HecjioBOHSMeHHxejibHHe —
HapeHHO-A^enpH^iacxHHe: uuuiud ''ciOAa', siaMa ^KaKHM o6pa30M', siahan
^Hxo A^-^aBniHH'. FjiaroJibHHe SbiBaiox: 1) coScxBeHHo-rjiarojibHHe: siana
*Hxo Ae^^aex' (npH6jiH>KeHHHH nepeBOA) (6yKB. 'qxoKaex'); 2) npn-
'lacxHO-AGenpH^acxHMe: siahan '^xo A^-^aBrnHn', ^UMa ^hxo a^-^^h', siazaad
^KaKHM o6pa30M (hxo CAejiaB)', sian ^KaK (4x0 noAeJiHsaH)'. FjiarojibHHe
MecxoHMeHHH He BHpa>KaK)x KOHKpexHoe A^McxBHe. J^eHCXBHe 6epexcH KaK

HeKHH OXB.lCHeHHHH npOH,eCC HJIH COCXOHHHe.

HMeHHHe MecxoHMeHHH A^-^^iTCH Ha a) jiH^HHe: 6u ^n\ uiu ^xm\ 6udB
^mh', ma ^bh\ mspd (ynasaxejibHoe MecxowMenHe) ^oh' h mddd ^ohh'; 6) bo-
npocHxejibHHe: xan? 'kxo?% xad? ^kxo?' (mh. h.), loyn? ^hxo?\ wyd? '1x0?'
{mh. ^.), aAun? 'KoxopHH?', xadu? ^CKOJibKO?', xdduuyyd? ^cKOJibKO?' (mh. h.),
Xdduddxu? ""KoxopHH? (no nopHAKy)', xdudu? Wen?' H aP-J b) yKasaxejibHHe:
BHB ^)xox', mdpB ^xox', uuMB ^xaKOH', uuMBuyyO ^xaKHe\ yneexu^ ynoMHHy-
xhh', ddu ^cxoJibKo', oehdH ^xox caMHii', eohod ^xe caMHc' h aP-'? a) BOSBpax-
HHe: eepoe 'caM% 69€9p9d 'caM', eep hjih oehad coo<ioe ^Men^Ay coSoh', eepun
(poA- naA.) ^cboh', eepueee (poA- iiaA. rBoaBpaxHwii) ^ce6H' h x. a-J r) 0606-
ni,eHHo-co6HpaxeJibHHe: dveadd, Gypun, 6apaH, Syjima ^Bce', 6vxu ^secb',
xoMae ^Becb', 6vxbjiu ^ii^ejiHii', xyy ^Bce ij,(3jimkom', aAda6 'pasHtte' h aP-I
e) HeonpeAejiCHHHe: wy xyn ^Koe-Hxo', xuh-iijpjh ^kxo-jih6o', ^kxo-xo', h983
joyMd ^Heixo', ^neKxo', x9Hiabie6 ^kxo-xo' haP.; >k) BHAeJiHxejibHMc: 63iU9
^iio xox, APyron', ondoo ''ne 9xox, APyroii', oepe "^KpoMe Hero', uyeee ^ne axox,

XOX' H AP- y JIHHHHX MOCXOHMeHHH B KOCBeHHOM HaAO^KO npH H3MeHeHHH HO-

HBJiHexcH APyran ocHOBa: 6u ^h' — muh-uu ^Mena', uaM-da ^Mne' h x. a-J
BO MHOHcecxBeHHOM HHCJie: 6ud$ ^uu\ dudd-uap, Maa-uap ^mh' h x. Am
mu ^xh', luoM-da ^xe6e' h x. a-» ^^ hjth maa-uap ^bu', man-au ^Bac' h x. a-

Bee HMeHHbie CJIOBOHSMeHHXeJIBHHO MeCXOHMOHHH npHHHMaiox npHXHJKaxeJIb-

Hhio »iacxHii,H: 6uiuHU ^h+xboh', uiuMnii ^Tbi f Moii' H X. A- MecxoHMeHHH 06"
pa3yioxcH nyxeM cy4><|)HKCai^HH: andj-xu ^'3AeI^HHH^ mouda-xu ^xaMoniHHH',
xdSdd'Hxu 6yKB. ^KorAaHiHHH' , 6ud9-Hdp 'mh BKyne'; npn noMora,H ^lacxHu;:
SBH-uibe-d ^Kxo-xo'; nyxeM cjio?KeHHH ochob: sLMap-udedan ^KaKOH-xo' (6yKB.
^KaKOH oahh'); nyxoM noBxopcHHH ochob xdds xdddu ^hcckojibko' h x. a-

MecxoHMCHHC 6udd ^mh' b kocbohhhx naAe>Kax cKJioHaexcn no A^yM ocho-
HaM: 6udd- h Man-. HepBan HMoex oxxenoK pasACJinxejibHoro MHOJKecxBa,
Bxopaa — co6HpaxejibHoro. yKasaxejibHbie MecxoHMeHHH H3MeHHioxcH b ko-
CBeHHHx naAeHcax xo>Ke no A^yM ocHOBaM c aojithm rJiacHHM bo BxopoM
cjiore (hjih 6e3 Hero): shsbh-^ audH-; mapaBu-, mapau-. Bee yKa3axeJibHHe Me-

23

CTOHMeHHfl ynOTpe6jIHK)TCH B 3Ha^eHHH 3-rO JIHH;a, npH 3T0M C OCHOBOH 9H-

d9H-^ 9H3H- OHH yKasHBaioT Ha npHcyxcTByiomee hjih Haxoj^Hin.eecH Soihsko

iimo, c OCHOBOH mdpadU'^ mapdu Ha OTcyTCTByiomec hjih HaxoAHni;eeca

B oTj^ajieHHH jiHi;o. PoAHTejiBHHH na^e)K jihhhhx MecTOHMeHHH 1-ro H 2-ro
;iHi^a BO Bcex iHCJiax oSosHanaeT (|)yHKi^Hio npHTHJKaTejiBHWx MecTOHMeHEtfi
'moh', ^Moe^o^ ^Hara\ ''Haraero', ^tboh', ^TBoero' h ^sara', ^saniero.'

ClxJlOHeHiie JIH^HHX MeCTOHMeHHH

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uiaMaUj 6uddHUue, Mauuue mauuue

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mapaauuue

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madanuue

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madauaap

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madaduhaa

HanpaB.

dUdBupyy

mapaanpyy

odaupw

madanpYY

dHBpyy

mapapyy

adaanpvv

madaaupw

§ 10. r Ji a r o Ji H SwBaiOT HexHpex ochobhhx Mop^oceMaHTHHecKHx
H cHHTaKCHHecKHx thhob: rJiarojiH c jih^hmmh oKOHnaHHHMH, o6o3HaHaK)nj.He
jiemcTBue (cocxoHHHe) h HSJiHioiu^HecH hpoctmmh cKaayeMHMH, t. e. coScTseHHo
rjiaroJiBi; rjrarojiBi HeHSMeHHeMHe, He HMeiomae jihhhhx OKOHHaHHH, o6o~
3HaHaion3,He j^eficTBHe (coctohhho) b BH^e axpaGyTa h HBjiaiomHecH onpe-
AeJieHHen; rjiarojiH HeH3MeHHeMHe, ne HMeion^He jih^hmx oKOH^anHfi,
o6o3HaHaK)ni,He ;i;eHCTBHe (cocTOHHHe) b BHfl;e nape^HH h HBJiHiomHecH oSctoh-
TejiBCTBaMH; rjiaroji-HH^HHHTHB, o6o3Ha^aioni,HH /j;eHCTBHe (cocTOHHHe) b BH/^e
HCxoAHOH HeH3MeHHeM0H (})opMH, HO o6jiafl;aK)m[,HH KaTeropHen BpeneHH,
JiHi^a H HaKjioHeHHH H BHCTynaioniiHH b (|)yHKi^HH no^jie>Kam;ero h cnasyeMoro.
4acTb coScTBeHHO rjiarojioB ouomop^ma npHHacTHHM, cp. 6u si6axa6 ^h
noH^^y' H si6axa xyu ^nejioBeK, ^ojimhhh hohth'; 6u ndadaedu ^h 6MBaio'
H si6adae xyu ^^ejioseK 6HBaioni,HH' h t. n.

JIhi^ TpH, oKOHHaHHH ^ecHTB. B e^HHCTBeHHOM ^HCJie oKOHHaHHeM 1-ro
jiHii;a cjiy>KHT -6 (ot 6u ^h'), -m {61m u ot mhu ^moh'); j^jih 2-ro jiHi^a —
oKOHHaHHe -m (ot *tbi'), -muu (^tboh') ^jih 3-ro JiHi^a (mapa ^oh') — nyjiesoe;
Bo MH0?KecTBeHH0M iHCJio OKOHHaHHeM l-FO jiHn;a cJiyMHT -6du (ot 6uda
^mh'), "MHaU; j!,EB 2-ro jini^a m (ot ma ^bh'), -mnau; j^in 3-ro JiHi^a d,

24

OKOii'iauHH -MHail hjih -rrmau, reneTH^ecKH bocxoaht k npHTHJKaxejiBHOMy
MeCTOHMeHHio, ynoTpeSjiHiOTCfl tojibko b 6y/],yin,eM bpomghh h noKasHsaioT
HeaaMej^JiHTejibHoe ocymecTBjieHHo acmctbuh.

HaKJioHeHHH HexHpe: Ha-baBHTejibHoe, nosejiHTejibHoe, HcejiaTejib-
Hoe H npeAOCTeperaTejiBHoe,

HatHBHTeJiBHoe naKJioHeHHe HMeex xpH ochobhhx BpeMGHH (nacTOHmee,
npomej^mee h Gy^yiniee) h necKOJiBKo fl,onoJiHHTeJiBHHx. Hacronmee BpeMH
0KaH*mBaeTcn na ~na-\-6^ -Ha-\-M h /j,p.: si6aHa6^ si6anaM ^Hj^y'; nocTOHHHO-
HacTOHmeo ~ liu -das-^-du h aP*' si6adae6u 'Sbisaio'; npoiiieAniee — Ha ;i,oji-
THH i lacHbiii \~6 H AP-* si6aa6 ^'noineji'; -6a+6 h aP-' ^6a6a6 'nieji', ^yraeji*;
-nxaii ; o \i }\\),: si6aHxau6 ^6HBaJi'; A^Bffee — na aaha — m h aP- xapaahaaM ^bh-
/i;eji'; iiporaeAinoe Mo/].aJibHoe — na-^au hap- xapaAau6 ^bhagji KaK-To'; a^ibho
npomcAniee — na -euiahaaM vi jxp,: xapasiuaahaM '^HBHAHBaJi'; nporaeAinee yx-
BepAMxe-ibHoe — na -aaemad u ap-' xdpaaeiua6 '"^a, h BH^eji' h aP-J Sy^ymee
BpeMH — Ha -xa-{-6 (m) h aP*' si6axa6 ^noHAy'» ^^axa^w- ^noHAy comae'.

IIoBejiHxejibHoe naKJioHeHHe HMeex cjieAyioni,He oKOH^iaHHH.

Co6cxBeHHO noBejiHxejibHoe HaKJioaeHHe b eAHHCXBeHHOM HHCJie oKanHH-
BaexcH Ha ocHOBy (HyjieBoe oKOH^aHHe) hjih Ha um: si6a hjih siSum ^hah';
bo MH05KecxBeHH0M — Ha -him^ -uum: si6um ^hahto' h Be>KJiHBo-HacxoHqH-
Ban <|)opMa — na -emu, -smyyu: sidaemu, ndaemyyu ^HAHxe'. IIoBejiHxejibHO-
jKejiaxejibHaH (|)opMa j^rr eAHHCXBeHHoro ^mcjia HMeex oKOH^anHo -aapau:
fi6aapau ^hohah' hjih ^3axa>KHBaH'; a-^^ MHO/KecxBeHHoro ^ncjia -aapammu:
fi6aapauemu ^yxoAHxe', ^npHxoAHxe' h x. a*

JKojiaxejibHoe HaKJioHeHHe HMeex b eAHHCXBennoM HHCjie -hail \ 6 h APy-
rae OKOHHaHHH bo Bcex xpex Jinqjax: si6ahau6 ^KaK 6m mho haxh', bo mho-

«ecxBeHHOM HHCJie hau-j-ddu h APyrne oKOH^aHHH bo Bcex jmnax: H6a-

kau6du ^KaK 6h naM haxh'; cjiyiafl ynoxpeSjieHHs xojibko b 1-m JiHD;e:

B eA. ^. - — hyy~\-6 {m), bo mh. ^. hyy-\-6du (mBu): si6ahyy6, sidahyyM,

%6ahyy6du, si6ahyyMdu ^noHAy-Ka', ^noHAGM-Ka'; npn ynoxpe6jieHHH xojibko

l-ro H 3-ro Jijma: 1) b oa. h. yyMa-^6 (m): sidyyMOM, bo mh. ^. — yyma^-

-\-6du (mOu): ^6yyMa6du''jia.jijiio,nomj!j\ ^'jiaAHO, noHAeM'; 2) b ca. h mh. h,
-yyofca-^nyjieBoe OKOHHanHe: sidyyjfca 'oh noHAex', 'ohh noHAyx'; npn
^noxpe6jieHHH xojibko 3--ro jiHii,a eA- h mh. h. — -a+Hyjiesoe oKOH^aHHe:
i6a8 ^nycxb HAex', ^nycxb HAyx'.

IIpeAOCxeperaxeJibHoe HaKJioHOHHe bo Bcex xpex jiHuax OKaH^iHsaexCH
la: -yyMa-\-6 h aP«' yuyyoicad ^kslk 6m h ne ynaji'; -myyofca-i-d h aP-- y^f^d-
ayyoica6 ^KaK 6m h hc ynaji'; -jiau-{-6 h aP-' yHajiau6 ^KaK 6m h hg ynaji'.
lepBaa (|)opMa OMOHHMna $opMe >KejiaxejibHoro HaKJionenHH c oKOHHaHHeM
la -yyMa, a xpoxbH — <|)opMe npoineAinero bpomghh H3x»HBHxejibHoro naKJio-
leHHH Ha -Aau. HoBejinxejibHoe HaKJioneHHe HMeex <|)opMy xojibko 2-ro jiHi^a,
KenaxejibHoe MOMex HMexb (|)apMy Bcex xpex jihii;, hjih l-ro h 3-ro, hjih xoJibKO
.-ro, HJIH xoJibKo 3-ro JiHn,a, ho HHKorAa — xojibKo 2-ro; npOAOCxeperaxejib-
loe — BcexAa c|)opMy Bcex xpex jihh;.

3 a Ji o r o B nnxb: A^ScxBHxejiBHMH, no6yAHxejibHHH, cxpaAaxejibHMH,

saaHMHO-COBMGCXHMH H CaMOCOBepmaiOIUMHCH.

/I^eHCXBHxejibHHH 3ajior ho HMeex cneii;HajibHoro noKaaaxejiH, Oh mo>kgx
iHXb nepexoAHMM h nenepexoAHHM: ojiaxa 'y6HXb', si6axa *'haxh'. npona-
lOAHHe nepexoAHMe hmoiox cy$(|>HKCM: -ea: eap-ea-xa *"BMnpoBOAHXb', ^bm-
[ycxHXb' H X. A-; -^^•* xam-aa-xa ^BMcyniHXb'; -x(a): ycad-xa-xa ^yHH^ixo>KHXb',
)aAyyd~xa-xa ^cAejiaxb ropHHHM' h aP* A rjiarojiH ocxajibHMx aajioroB mo~
yx 6MXb HJIH nepexoAHMMH, hjih nenepexoAHMMH.

no6yAHxejibHMH aajior o6pa3yexcH npn noMomH cy(|){|)HKCOB: 'yyji(a):
6-yyji(a)-xa ^aacxaBHXb haxh'; -jie(a): hyy-jiea-xa ^aacxaBHXb cecxb'.

CxpaAaxejibHMH aajior conexaexca c HMeneM b A^^ejibHOM naAe>Ke: -ada:
asi-eda-xa '6Mxb no6e>KA6HHHM mhok)' (6yKB. '6MXb no6e>KAeHHMM MHe');
n(a): eap-mfaj-xa '6HXb npesaoHAeHHMM b neM-xo'. 3ajior caMOcxHinoro
jiH caMocoBepinaiomerocH a^^^^tbhh: -p((i): mahapaxd ^^onnyxb', xaxapaxa

25

^Pbetbch'; -eda: ^M-^^Q^xa '^aaKpHgaTbCH', nededaxa 'oTKpHBaxbCH'; nocjie/i.-
HHH 0MOMop<|)eH TJiarojiy CTpaj^atejibHoro aajiora, ho He coqexacTCH c HMe-
HBM B ^axejibHOM na;^e>Ke.

BaaHMHO-coBMecxHWH aajior o6pa3yeTCH npn noMoni.H cy^i^HKcoB: -jid(a),
-acfa): (mpu-jida-xa 'oopoTbcn', ^coBMecxHO ^^pmaxb', ^/^ep>KaxbCH aa';
6apujtca-xa ^coBMecrno fl,ep>Kaxb', ^/^epmaxbCH aa', ^cxBaxHBaxbCH'. Sajiora
Moryx 6HXb ;3;bohhumh: a) no6yfl;HxejibHO-no6yfl,HTejibHHMH — cy(j)(|)HKc -loy-
jiyyji-xa: 6ap-ioyji-yyji-xa ^aacxasHxb Koro-xo cxpoHxb'; 6) no6y;iHTe.ibHo-

cxpa;^axejibHHMH yyjiazda-xa: siC-yyA-a-eda-xa ^6HXb oxnpaBjieHHWM no

Hbeny-xo sejieHHio'; b) cxpa;iaxejibHo-no6yAHxejibHHMH — -od~yyA~xa: xasi-
ed—yyji-xa ^6uTh Bbi6poraeHHWM no iibeH~HH6yji,b BOJie'; r) BsaHMHo-iioSyAH-

xejibHWMH Ad-yyA-xa: MypsB-Ad-yyA-xa ^aacxasHXb cxojiKHyxbCH APyr

c ApyroM'; a) iioSyAHTejibHO-coBMecxHHMH wyAyy-Aca-xa: xa-joyAyy-Aca-xa

^6HXb c6pomeHHWM cobmccxho c KeM-HH6yAT»'; — -yyA-a-Aca-xa: xap~yyA-
a-Aca-xa ^aacxasHXb KapayjiHXb cobmocxho c KeM-HH6yflb'; >k) coBMecxHO-

iio6yAHxejibHHMH Ac-yyA-xa: xapa-Ac-yyA-xa ^aacxasHxb BMCCxe Kapay-

jiHxb'; 3) HoSyAHxejibHO-cxpaAaxejibHWMH yyA-a-ada-xa: xap-yyA-a-eda-xa

^6HXb noA cxpa>KeH c KeM-HHSy^b'; h) coBMecxHo-cxpaAaxejibHHMH Aca~

eda-xa: xasi-Aca-dda-xa ^6HXb BH6poineHHHM BMecxe c KeM-HHSy^b'; k) no*-

6yAHxejibHO-B3aHMHHMH yyAyy-Ad-yyA-xa: dap-wyAyy-Ad-yyA-xa ^aacxasHXb

Aep>Kaxbca Apyr aa ^pyra'.

B H A BHpameH npH iioMom,ii cy(|>$HKCOB H aHa,TiHXH'iecKH. Bha HaMe-
peHHO-MHoroKpaxHHH — cy(j)$HKC -caaaa-na: si6a-caeaa-Ha ^noxa>KHBaex% ^p;e-
jiaxb BHA, Hxo noxaacHsaex' ; MHoroKpaxHHfi — cy(|)(j)HKC -^aa, (|>opMa npH-
HacxHH: si6adas ^npHxoji,Hx'; bha Heo>KHAaHHo coBepniHBinorocH a^hcxbhh —
cy$(|HKC -Ma-pxu-xa, -uia-xa: si6a-Mapxu-xa ^h^th Hoo>KHAaHHo\ s6a-ia-xa
^H^TH BHeaamio'. AnajinxHTiecKH bh^; BHpa>KaexcH coHexaHHen AcenpH^acxHH
CO cjiy>Ke6HHM rjiarojioM 6auxa %UTh\ SaKOHHGHHO-peayjibxaxHBHHH bha:
s6aad 6auHa ^yme ymeji'; HeaaKOHqennbiH: si6aMa dauua ^xo^hx'; npepMBH-
CTO-MHoroKpaxHHH: stdan dauna ^noxan^HBaex'. 3HaHeHHH APyrnx bhaob
nepeflaioxcH b KOHxoKcxe penn.

IlpHqacxHe — axo rjiarojibnan <|)opMa, HBjiniomaflCH onpeAOJieHHeM h
pacnojiojKeHHan Bcer^a b npenoani^HH k hmchh. Opu HaMenenHH no naA©-
>KaM oho cy6cxaHXHBHpyexcH hjih me cxaHOBHXCH oxrjiarojibHbiM HMoneM,
a B aacxMBmei: naAe>KH0H (j^opne — AG^^npH'iacxHOM: si6ax-aap ^c xeM, Hxo6bi
hohxh' (xBop. naA.)5 npH co^exaHHH >Ke c jihiihhm oKOH^aHHeM hjih JiH^mHM
MecxoHMeHHeM B HMeHHxojrbHOM iiaAe>Ko — co5cxBeHHo rjiaroJioM si6axa-6 ^ ]
^noHAy'. IIpH'iacxHe HacxoHin;ero BpeMenn oSpaayexcn npH noMoinH cy(j)$HKca
-ema: hyysma xyn ^CHAHm,HH ^lejioBeii'; npH^acxHe HocxoHHHo-HacxoHu:^ero
BpeMGHH — cy(|)$HKC -dm: ^dadae xapeu 'Aopora, no KoxopoH 03ahx'; 6y-
Ayni;ee BpoMH — cy(|)(|)HKC -xa: si6axa xyn ''^eJioBOK, KoxoptiH hohaox'; npo-
meAniee BpoMH — cy4)$HKC -hau: yHmahan xyn ^ycHyBmnfi neJioBeK'; -nxau:
ynmanxau xyn (b xom me 3HaHeHHH); -aa (-eaa): hyysaa xyn ^CHAeBniHH ^e-
jioseK'.

HpHnacxHH, yxpaxHBniHe BpeMeHHoe ana^ieHHe, HMeiox cj^^ukcm: -aaiudy
-aama: damaBuiJ xyn 'nHmyn3,HH nejioBOK', ^nncapb'; -uxail: yuAauxail xyn
^njiaKCHBBiH HejioBeK'; -aamaii: ynmaamau xyn '"qejioBen, naxoAHn^HHca
B cocxoHHHH CHa'; -hyymaii: xaphyymau wyMo 'Bemb, AocxoMHan o6o3peHHH';
-acaamail: xapa-a-caa-mau foyMd ^bhahhh' h x. a* npH»iacTHfl co BpeMeHHi^iM
ana^eHHCM coxpanHTOx aaJioroBwe (|)opMH rjiarojioB, h neKoxopHM h3 hhx
CBOHCXBGHHW BHAOBHG SHa^eHHH (cM. (JopMy Ha -das) .

JI,eenpHqacxHH pacnaAaioxcH na js^se rpynnbi: na ncxHHHHe h jro>KHHe.
K nepBOH rpynne oxhochxch AeenpnnacxHH, ne npHHHMaioiuMe npHXHmaxejibHHx
HacxMn -MHU H np., HO conpoBo>KAaeMHecJiy>Ke6HHMM iviai ojiaMH, a ko bxo-
poM — A^^npHHacxHH, conpoBo>KAaeMHe yKaaaHHWMH ^lacyrwiiiaMH, ho JinraenHHe
c.fiy>Ke6HHX rjiarojioB, h JiHmeHHbie xoro h APyroro. CA^'tJiipHHacxneM Bxopoi
rpynnH cySiieKXHoe hmh BHCxynaex b poAHxejibHOM naAe>Ke hjih b HyjieBoii

26

'(lopMe, a c nepBWMH (KpoMo timpMM na ~h) — b MMeiiHTejibHOM naji,eH^e. J\ee-
npMHacTHH JiHmeHH KaxeropHH bpomohh, iipHcymoii ('o6cTBeHHO rjiaroJiaM.
Ohh noKaawBaioT hjjh iipeAUiocTBiie j\micTBiAio ocnoBHoro rjiarojia, hjih o;^-
HOBpeMeHHOCTT. coBepineHHH j^eHCTBMH. J],eenpHMacTHH nepBoii rpynnn:
a) coe/iHHHxejibHhie Ha -Ma: xapaMa ^cmotph'; 6) paa/^eJiHTOjibHwe na ~aad:
xapaad '^nocMoxpeB'; b) cjihthoc Ha -n: xapaii (uenepeBOAWMo). J],eenpHnacTw;i
BTopoii rpynnw: a) ycjioBHoe Ha -ooji: xapa6aji 'ccjih yBHp,eji'; 6) iipe;^ejibHoe
Ha -map, -ca: xapamap ^jxo xex nop, iioKa CMoxpeji', xapaca 'noKa npHCMaxpH-
Bajicn'; b) npoji,oJi>KHxejibnoe na -haap: xapahaap ^b xeneHHe xoro speMeHH,
noKa CMOxpeji'; r) npeABapHxejibHoe na -Mcaap, -xaAaap, haap: xapaMcaap
^KaK TOJibKo CMoxpeji', xapaxaAaap 'Kan xo,:ibko nocMOxpeji', xapahaap ''KaK
TOJibKO ysH^eJi'; js) cnoco6a j\ciictbmh na -M^aaiaaa: xapaMsaauiaa yniuaxad
^^yjW CMOxpexb H HHxaxb'; e) iionyxHoe na -maa: xapamaa xdxaC) '6yjj,y Ae~
^aTb H nonyxHO CMOxpexb'; >k) aaMeHCHHoe Ha -nxaap: xapauxaap ^leM cmot-
pexb, JiyHine'; 3) ycxynnxejibHoe Ha -aambsiha: xapaaiuhsiha ^xoxh yBH;i;eji';
m) H^ejiesoe na -xasia, -xaap: xapaxasia, xapaxaap ^htoGu yBH^cxb', h p,p.
06pa30BaHHe rjiarojioB ox ochob hmoh Mowex 6brrb Geccyc))(|mKcajTbHMM,
T. e. c HyjiGBHM cy^(|)HKCOM uemjsj ochoboh h oKonnaHMeM: xda3 ^h3hk' —
X9A9-x$ ^roBopHXb'; moo ^hhcjio' — moo-xo ^'c^Hxaxbcn', ^iioc^Hxaxb'; xapeu
^6HCTpHHa' — xapeu-xa ^Swcxpo xe^b'; xa6ma 'in,Hnn,bi' — xa6ma~xa ^3a~
jKHMaxb; sail '"npoMen^yxoK', ^npocxpancxBo' — 3au~xa ^xoi\w\h ox cejieHHH
K cejieHHK)', ^6po7i,Hxb'; myjiea ^noAnopKa', ^onopa' — my^ea-xa ^no^nMpaxb';
adxa ^ropcxb' — a^xa-za ^Cpaxb b ropcxb'; 6yAae ^kjiioh' (o Boj^e) — dyAsu-xa
^Ghxb kjik)hom% ^cGpacHBaxb, npHnoAHHB'; lu^p V.jiom rpnsH', ^oKajiHna' —
iu9p3-xa ^oKajiHBaxb' ; o«^olX ^poxoseH'/pacKpwxoiv — omou-xo ^pacKpbixbca';
<iAxa luae — aAxaxa ^raaraxb' h t. }\, JIh6o b o6pa30BaHHH yqacxsyiox c.ie-
j^yiomne cy(|)^HKCH; ~^a, ~Ma~; xasaap-Aa-xa ^)6y3Aaxb\ Aa;H-«a~a:a^ paciecaxb';
-da, -ma: eaA-da-xa ^CHcenb', moho-mo-xo 'yMacjiHXb'; -dxa: 6aea-dxa-xa
*yMeHbniHXb'; -owa, -ma: dan-Ma-xa ^6oraxexb', aAdap-iua-xa ^npocjiaBEXbcn';
-Mapa-: hau-Mapa-xa ^yjiy^inHTbCH'; -pa-: jayy-pa-xa ^noxyji;exb'; -uiaa:
hau-maa-xa ^XBajiHXb'; -pxa-: noe-pxo-xo ^aji,MHHHcxpHpoBaxb'; -8d~ : x$p-
ed'Xa ^KaK hjih nacKOJiBKo CKopo cj^ejiaxb'.

Ox 3ByKonoApa>KaxejibHHX cjiob: -uiadana-: map-maeana-xa ^xpem^axb';
-xuna-: xan-xuna-xa ^3BeHexb'; -xupa-: xyp-xupa-xa ^xpanexb'; -'hsi-: 6yp-'hsi-
xa ""nHJinxb', ''KHnexb', '6ypjiHXb'.

Ox rjiarojibHHx ochob: -sa-: eap-ea-xa ^BHTaffl,Hxb'; -$3-: iuop-3B~xB ^3a~
KajiHBaxb >Kejie3o'; ~eaa-: hyn-vaa-xa 'pacxHHyxb'; -ma-, -da-: eap~ma-xa
'^SHXb no6e>KAGHHbiM B 6ere', oA-do-xo '"HaiixHCb'; -Aa-: caxu-Aa-xa 'no6jie-
CKHBaxb'; -pa-: sida-pa-xa ""MyHnxbCH'; -Asa-: uama-Asa-xa ^pacKanHBaxbcn',
M ;^p.

Mh^hhhxhb 0M0HHMii4eH iipH^iacxHK) 6yAyu^ero BpeMCHH Ha -xa,
-xo H flp. Oh He HMeex KaxeropHH BpeMeHH,.jiHTi,a h HaKJioHeHHH, Jierno nepe-
xoAHx B cymecxBHxejibHoe, HeH3MeHHeM npn jiioShx ycjioBMHx. ynpaBJiaex
cyni,ecxBHxejibHHM b BHHHxejibHOM, j^axejibHOM h xBopHxe:ibHOM naA^JKax,
coxpaHHex aajioroBHO npHsnaKH rjiarojia. llpHMepw: dyy dyyAaxa ^nexb
necHH', oupoo hyyAeaxa 'nocaj^Hxb pn^oM c co6oh', daunda dapaedaxa *'6biTb
no6e>K/ieHHWM b bohhc', UdddUddp 600MO dapioyAxa ''na^o ynpaBjiaxb (jig-
raa;i,hr<)) c noMom,bio U^D^aHa' (6yKB. ^IJ;o;i.3hom'). Hh(|)Hhmxhb hbjihoxch b npe^-
jiO/KeHiiH no/i;jie>Kau!,HM {TaMxii mamaxa — xopon ^KypMXb xa6aK — BpeAHo')
H CKa3yoMbiM B o^HococxaBHOM npe/^JiojKBHHH {yha V3338VU eymaAaa mauAaxa
'ffe yBMAen 6poAy, CHHMaxb o6yBb'). B npHBBAeHHWX BMrae npHMepax hh
mamaxa 'Kypnxb', hh mauAaxa 'cHHMaxb' He Bbipamaiox BpeMCJin (AencxBHe
npoHcxoj^Hx BHe BpeMeHH).

§11. HapeHHe b OypaxcKOM hshkb — cjiaSo pasBHxan Kaxero-
pHH, C0CX0HIIl,afl H3 OX;^GJIbHbIX CJIOB H CJrOBOCOHexaHHH. Pa3JIH^aK)XCH

HCKOHHHe H HpoHSBO^HHe HapeHHH. McKOHHMe*. xaa 'Ky^a', moH
'xo4Ho\ 3y6y Aa6 'onpe/i.ejieHHo' h ^p. npoHSBojTHHe: a) c cy^fHKCOM:

27

xou-iuo ^Haaa/i,', xou-ho ^noaaAH', naa-eyyp 'no6jiH3ocTH', ypa-emaa
'snepen,', yp-da ^nepe^', yp-d-yyp ^Bnepeja,H% sop-wyma ^c n;ejibio' h
;^p.; 6) 113 (MOHvCHHM ochob: yc989A-dBp ^BHepa', ypofca-ddp ^noaasHepa',
md-OHdo *'b iiponiJiOM rop,y', caa-mad ^no xy CTopoHy', md9-c989dH ^Hefl;aBHo'
H ;^p.: b) napubie napenHH: 8y6Bp ia$6$p ^ejie-ejie (roBopHTb)', sau 3a6hapsyii
^SeaocTaHOBOHHo', ^BnjiOTHyio' h np-J r) HapeHHH-pe/i;ynjiHKaTopBi: £?a^M
53^6t 'nanpacHo', xojio xoJio ^js,a.neKo\ daap daphadHh 'noAPflA'» ^nenpepHBHo',
xaa xaauasyil ''Be3;3;e h BCio^^y' h p,p.

§ 12. B 6ypHTCK0M H3HKe ynoTpe6jiHioTCH cjiyHceSHHe rjiarojiH: 6auxa
*'6hti>', 60JIOX0 ""cTaTb', ^CTaHOBHTfcCH% 83X9 '"roBopHTfa' H nojiycjiy>Ke6HHe
rjiaroJiH: xadmaxa ^jiemaxb', maxa ''h/^th', opoxo ^bohth', ajidaxa ^^BHnycxHTB' ,
epdxd ^npHHTH' H t. n. FjiarojiH 6auxa h 6ojioxo bxo^ht b anaJiHTHHecKHe
rjiarojiLHwe (|)opMH b KanecTBe HocHxejiH rpaMMaTH^ecKoro noKaaaTejin:
epdOfca 6auHa 'npaSHBaeT', epahdu 6au6a ^jme npHraeji', epaad 6auHa ^npnSHJi'
H T. ^.; MddaoKd 6odOHo ^mo>kho ysHaTb', Madshan 6ojioxo ^"KasaTbCH 3HaiomHM'
H T. ;^. A eaxa ^roBopHTb' hbjihctch rpaMMaTH^ecKHM npiiji,aTKOM k HensMe-
HHeMBiM cjiOBaM H ocHOBaM: da6 eaxa ^;nejiaTi> BHnaji,', ha6 eaxa ^cxajio npo-
xjia^Ho', hapd eaxa 6yKB. ^/i,ejiaTB ii;apanaHbe' , si6ad eaxa ^nopH^KOM h^th'.

nojiycjry>Ke6HHe rjiarojiH coxpaHHioT b KaKoii-TO CTeneHH jieKCHiecKoe
SHaneHHe h hbjihiotch CKopee cjiobohpohsboahmmh: yuiuaMa xsdmana 'no-
HHTHBaex' (6yKB. '^HTan Jie>KHT'), xapauoica epaSa ^npH6e>Kaji' (6yKB. ^6erafl

npHIHGJl') H T. ji.

BonpocHxejibHijie H:acTHn;H: syy (xyu eyy? ^ ne jiobbk ruV ,aaA xyn aaji
^pa3Be HejioBCK?'), 6myy (hauu 6myy? 'pasBe He xopomo?'); ^acxHi^Bi noftTBep>K-
AGHhh: han (^daua hau 'jj,a, xoahji'), jom (^6aafOM ^Be^b ynieji'), 6ajiau (mo-
puH 6ajidu ^A^f 6hji kohb'), daa (epaa daa ^;^a, npnexaji'), jidaa{omoojidaa
'^a Be/i;b yineji'), Ji {epaaji 'y>Ke npnineji'), xa (epa6a xa '^a H^ex, bhjj;hmo')
H X. A.; HacxHi^H iipe/^nojio?KGHHH: xasia (acapda xana "KancexcH, xain,Hx'),
axail (axau omo6o ^KajKexca, ymeji'), 63a (yuada 63a ^HasepHHKa ynaji');
^acxHUjbi coMHeHHH: eaamaa eyy (oiuoo eaamaa eyy 'bh^hmo, noineji'); ^lacxHi^w
>KeJiaxejibH0cxH: hail (epaeuia hail ''ax, npaineji 6h'); ycxynKH: lube {stMaau-
dauibe ^xoxH 6m Kose'); hpohhh: eaama {yHmaua eaaiua ^bhxo^hx, oh chhx');
oxpHi^aHHH: 6y, dyu, eyil, 6ama {6y ^6a 'ne h^h', ndaadyu ^emie He ynieji\
^6aaeyii ^ne nonieji', Mopun 6ama ^He KOHb').

CoHHHHxejibHHO cok)3h: a) coen;HHHxejibHwc: 6oaoh, muueaad, 6a; 6) npo~
xHBHxejibHHe: xapuu, mead, syeeep, aad h ^p.; b) pasAeJiHxejibHHe: ajiu,
Hdea-naean, uaea ea6aji. . . yeu eadajt h jxp. lloAHHHHxejibHHe coiosh: a) coox-
HOCHxejibHHe: xau . . . mapa, xaana, . . mauda^ xaauahaa, . . mauda haa vi jxp.;
6) HecooxHOCHxeJibHHe: aad, uihe, eama, eaad, eaxada, eahau, ioy6 eaxada h aP*

GHHTAKCHC

§ 13. B 6ypHxcK0M H3biKe xpH xHna conexaHHH cjiob: 1) coqHHHxejibHHH,
2) noAHHHHxejibHHH H 3) KoopAHHan.HOHHHH. riepBHH xHH no;iipa3AejiHexcH
Ha coHexaHHH: a) napHHe CBHsaHHHe: axa dyy '(cxapmHi+MjiaAinHH) Spaxbn';
napHHe CBoSoAHfcie: xohuh 6a vxap 'oBi^a h 6biK'; 6) rpynnoBtie (xojibKo cbo-
6oAHHe): XOHUH, siMaan vxap eyp6aH xa6maHa 'oBn;a, K03a h 6mk jie>Kax'.
Bxopbie SHBaiox a) jieKCHKaJiH30BaHHHe, hjih CBHsaHHHe: xapa hanaxa %UTh
Bpa>KAe6HWM' (6yKB. 'nepHoe Aynaxb'); 6) rpaMMaxHKajiH30BaHHbie: yaan
6auhaH 'nocnaxpHBaJi' (6yKB. 'bh^h 6HBnittt'); b) cjioBoco^exaHHH (cbo6oji;-
HHe): hauH Mopun ''xopomaH JioniaAb', Mopuue 6apu6a '"noHMajiH kohh'
H X. A- IloA^HHHxejibHaH CBH3b ycxaHaBJiHBaexcH npHMHKaHHeM H ynpaBjie-
HHOM. TpexHH xhh: a) KOHCXHxyxHBHHe: 6u xvH6a 'h nejioBeK h'; 6) HenoH-
cxHxyxHBHBie: eap Myymau 'cyxopyKHi' (6yKB. 'pyKa nJioxoHH-cy(|)(|)HKC
oxHoraeHHH 'mail) h x. n. B oxjinnne ox noAHHHeHHH b Koopp;HHan,HM hh oahh
KOMHOHeHx He nopi^HHHexcH APyroMy, coqexaenwe qacxn naxoAHxca b rapMO-

HHHeCKOM COOXBeXCXBHH.
28

§ 14. ripe^JiomieHHH MoryT 6uTb ofl.HOCocTaBHHMH H Asy-
<0CTaBHHMH. 0/i,HococTaBMMe: a.) SesjiH^HHe: Fasaa xvuin9p69 ^Bo
j^Bope noxojiOAajio'; 6) o6o6ni;eHHO-jmqHHe: Oitudoouihe opyyjixaeyma ^JXdOKd
H He npH^^yMaemb' ; b) HasHBHiie: Xyhan dooeyyp ByuddJimdu xypdan xvjimdii
evpeehefi ^IIoa SepesKaMii Seraiomafl dHCTpoHoraa JiaHB' (h3 necflH).

IIpe/pomeHHH Moryx 6wtb: a) npocTHMH, 6)c caMOCTOH-

TeJIBHHM o6opOTOM, b) CJI0H<HHMH.

IlpocToe npe;3;jio?KeHHe MOKex 6biTb HepaciipocTpaHeHHBiM h pacnpocTpa-

HeHHBIM. IIpe^JIO^KeHHH C CaMGCTOilTeJIBHHM o6opOTOM BKJlIOHaiOT npHiacTHHe

H ^eenpH«iacTHwe KOHCTpyKu,HH, BHCTyiiaToin,He b sHaHeHHHx: ycjioBHH,
BpeMeHH, r^ejiH, ycTynKii h t. n. B xaKOH KOHCTpyKi^HH npH npH^iacTHH hjih
^eenpHHacTHH aojijkho 6htb hmh b poAHxejibHOM najxeme cyS'teKxa, b HyjieBoi
H HeHyjieBOH ^opue, a HHor/i;a h b HMeHHTejibHOM nai[ne?Ke; cp. Axuu eps-
hduda 6aRpjia6a ^06paji;oBaJicH npHxo/^y 6paTa' (6yKB. ^dpaxa npHnie;pneMy
o6paAOBajiCH'); Muhuu epsmsA 'IIoKa h npHfl,y' (6yKB. ^Moero' f jijeenpH^a-
<jTHe OT rjiarojia epaxa ^npHHTH^); IfapaMnuA epaxdda ^Kor^a npH^ex I^a-
paMDHJi' (6yKB. ^mopaMnHJi (Hyjiesan (|)opMa) — npHX0AHTi3,eMy'); Cohan
xaiLnaoica dyjiaan 60J1060 ''Cner (hm. naji;.) pacTaaJi, h cxajio xenjio' (6yKB.
^Cner pacxan, cxa;io xenjio'). CjiOH^Hfcie npej3;jioH(eHHfl cocxohx H3 cjiojkho-

COIHHHXeJIBHHX C0K)3HWX, 6eCCOI08HHX H CJIO)KHOno;i;HHHeHHWX C0I03HMX.

CoK)3H H coi03Hwe cjiOBa nepBHx: cuu, medd^ xapun^ aysddp^ mapd, muusdad,
^ad^ uaedhaa, . . yeuhaa, h9S9 e$6dA. . . yeu 8b6$ji h ;i;p.: Xvu 6auHa syy, cuiu
mvecBB xapjiana eyy ^HejioneK cxohx hjih me nesB ^epneex?'.

r>eccoio3Hoe cjiomnoco^HHeHHoe npe;i;jio}KeHHe: Eopoonuunh opood 60-
jiUHombeevu, 6opoxoH munedjinu xyuda 60JIOM0 6auHa ^Jl^omjxh noineji h hg
nepecxaex, cepan Hce niHHejib moh cxaHOBHxcH see xH>Kejiee ox ;i,o}k;;h'.

B cjioH<Hono;^HHHeHHHx C0I03HHX npe;i;jiO}KeHHHx xpH rpynnn coiosob h
coK)3HHx cjiob: a) cooxHocHxejibHHe: xbh, . . mapd 'kxo . . . xox', xduuue
. . . rrwpBHUi^e ^Koro . . . xoro', xaaua , . . rrtdudd ^Tjj,e . . . xaivi', xaasd. . . muu-
xdda ^Kor^a. . . b xo BpeMn', KMapaap . . . muuM99p ^KaK . , . xaK' m x. n.;
6) C0I03H H coi03HHe cjioBa — npH^acxHHe h ;a;eenpHHacxHHe (|)opMH rjiarojia
8dxd ^'roBopHXb': sdMa, eahdu, sddaa, 896dA, 8a69mbe h x. n.; b) HacxHUH-coioaH
^aad^ -uibe: a) Xbh xypdan 6d, rndps a6axa 'Kxo 6Hcxp b 6ere, xox h bosbmox';
Xaana siSanam, msnddiunu ouioxod ^Ky^a xh noHA^nib, xyj];a h h noHji;y';
X9399 epan96, muiixddd 6u epaxad ''Kor/];a oh npH/^ex, xorji;a h h iipHAy'; HopMa
Saa6?au xadmaua esMd hana6a ^UjapMa noj^yMajia, hxo jig>khx Me,T;Be/i;b' ; Onup
eepeo si6a eahdu mdMdde ye363 ^Onnp j^aji anaK, hxo6h oh noineji caM'; dna
opon 6asin^aad^ apad aonunb yeumdii 'Xoxh cxpaHa 3xa 6oraxaH, ho napo^ii
ee >KHBex Sej^Ho'; hapioyn cajieea yasee 6aii6a lUbe, easaa dyjiaamae 60A060
'XoTfl yxpo 6hjio npoxjia^Hoe h CBejKee, ho Bce /Ke cxajio xenjiee'. IlojiiJie-
maui,oe BHCxynaex b HMennxejibHOM naji;e>Ke hjih b (|)opMe ochobh. Ilpn hsm
Moryx Haxoj^HXbCH cnei^najibHHe noKaaaxejin xadaa, 6oji6oji, eaaiua h x. n.:
Sasahan xadaa yhan coo aMudapdae Th6h bo^htch b penax'; Sua xyn 60J160JI
nyxapunb 'Box axox qejioBeK — ero xoBapHn^'; BadMa eaama epada 'H/i;ex
Baj^Ma'. HMOHHoe CKasyeMoe xo>Ke conpoBo>K;i;aexcH cnenHajibHHMH noKa-
3aiv iHMH — jiH'iHbiM OKOHHaHHOM 1-ro H 2-ro jiHn;a e^. H MH. H.: -6, -M, -m,
-iu!< . -6du, -m, B 3-M jiHa;e — nyjieBofi ^opMofi:: Eu aMajimaM ^fl paSoHHH';
ni;: iMaAiuanm 'Th paSoMHi'; Tapa aMajiman 'Oh paSoHHH' h x. a- B Ka-
nee (i xaKHx jne noKaaaxejiei ynoxpeSjiaioxcH HHor^a nacxHUH c Moji;ajibHO-
BpeMeHHHMH 3HaHeHHHMH: xa^ han, dwiaa^ jom, xasta, 6aleal6 h aP-J 9^^ ^^^
pun xa '9x0 jioraaAB (KaMexcn)'; Bua Mopun hau '3xo h Snjia jioinaji;b' h x, js,.
CBfl3KaMH npH HMeHHOM CKasyeMOM HBjiHioxcH cJiyjKeSHfcie rjiarojiH 6auxa
'ecxb' H 60JIOX0 '6HXb', 'cxaHOBHXbca': Sua 3y6 6auHa '3xo Bepno'; dna xy-
6yvh yma 6ojioxo '9xox najib^HK 6y;^ex bhcokhm'. Cbh3kh onycKaioxcH cbo-
60AHO. B rjiaroJibHHx CKaayeMHx JimHHe noKaaaxejiH bhhojihhiox jiHinb
<|>yHKn,HK) Mop$ojiorHHecKHx HOKasaxejieH. B poJiH hocjioji^hhx b rjiarojiax
BHCxynaiox rpaMMaxH^ecKHe $opMH BpeneHH h HaKJioHeHHH, a xaKHce yKa-

29

aanHhie Bbirae CKaayeMOCTHwe 4acTMii;bi: UIu M3d:)Hj ^yyai? 'Th 3Haemi> jih?';
Bad,M(i t'yudd 4>aAMa no6e>Kaji'; Oiuof ^H^h!'; Oiuot' 'JlycTh hj^gt'; OiuoopoiL
'Cxo;iii-Ka"; hyyna han ^JI,a, cHj^eji' h t. /i,.

§ 15. y BTopocTeneiiHwx ^iJienoB hot cneTi,wajri»nHx CHHTaKCH«iecKHX
noKaaaTejieH, OT;fiHMHHx ot ij[)(>pM mx Mop({)o:ioriiM(»CKt>ir iipHpo;i,H. HoDTOMy

II pH KJiaCCH$HKai^HH BTOpoCTeilOHHtlX 'l.ieilOH IipeAJIOKCHPIH Hy>KHO HCXO;j,HT£>

m:^ hx OTHonieHMii K rjiaBHbiM^ KOHCTHxyrMBHbTM «iJieiiaM iipc/^jiomeHHH, B Ha-
ernocTH — K CKaayeMOMy. Onpe;i,ejieHHe Momex 6BiTJb CKaayoMHM npa hsmo-

HCHMH nopH^Ka CJIOB B TOM HJIH HHOM COHeTaHHH: Xapa MOpUH ^BOpOHOH KOHB'

H MopuH xapa ^Konh BopoHon', MopuHOu ddJidhdu ^rpiTBa kohh' h ddJidhdu
MopuHou 'kohh rpHBa' (no-6ypHTCKH CKaayeMoe) h t. ;{. J^cjim >Ke cjiobo hjih
coHeiaHHe cjiob He nepexofl,HT b tcx me ycjroBHax b CKa;iyeMoe, to aro He on-
pe;i,ejieHHe. TaKHM oSpaaoM, BTopocTeueHHBie ^Jieiibi iipe/|jio>KeHHH Moryr
6HTb cKaayeMocTHO-oSpaTHMbi (onpep,ejieHHH) h Heo6paTHMbi (ne onpe/^ejie-
hhh). Te H jupyrHe Moryx pacna;],aTbCH Ha 110/4 «jji ohm: HSMeHHOMHe hjih Hens-
MeHHeMbie o6paTHMwe, m Heo6paTMMwe ^rjieHbi.

OAHopoAHbio HJieHH npeAJio>KeHHH — rjiaBHwe H BxopocTeneHHHe —
HMOioT o6h4Hh rpyniioBOH cy(})(|)HKC hjih o6o6ni,aK)mee cjiobo npH nocjieAHeM
Hjiene b pn^y. 06o6maiomHe cjioBa h rpynnoBtie cy(|)({)HKCw: 6vxdH, dvsadd,
sapeuH, xoep, eypdau, dypdan, eaxD, M9m9, JoyMd, wyMd Mama; cy(|)(j)HKCH mho-
>KecTBeHHoro HHcaa: -nap, -nyyd h ji,p.; cp. YAaau, caeaan, ^saan sapduu
cdcdeyydhie myyOa XoSpaJi KpacHwe, SejiHO h po30BHe msexH'; FapMa, IJapau,
EadMa eypSau hyyna 'Ch/i;ht Fapna, l^apan, Ka^Ma (xpoe)'; FapMa, IJ^dpan,
BadManap hyyna ^Fapna, tl,r)p3H h Ba^Ma ch^ht'; Xonu KMa, yxapnyyOue
(cy(|)(|). mh. n.) myyMa acapSa MIpHrHaji OBeu;, ko3 h 6hkob'. OAHopoAHbie
HJieHbi npej^jioMeHHH Moryx Bcxynaxb b CHHxaKCHHecKyio CBHSb npn uomoui,h
paBHHx coHHHHxejibHHx C0I030B, yKasaHHwx BHme.

IIopHAOK HjieHOB iipe;^Jio>KCHHa cbo6oji;hhh (aa HCKJiK)«ieHHeM onpej^ejie-

HHH, OTAejIbHHX oScxOHXeJlbCXBeHHHX CJIOB H HMeHHHX CKaayoMbix 6e3 cbhbkh

H cneH,HajiBHHX noKaaaxeji ei't). IIpHMepH: si6ana Mopun ^h^ox jioraa;3,b';
Mopun xa dH9 ^jioraa^b ( ■ npcAHKax. noKaaaxejib xa) axo'; 6apu6a Mopu
""noHMajiH jioraa;i;b', yeada Mopundo ^j^aJiH jionia/i,H', 6yyda6a Mapsanaap 'bh~
CTpejiHJi MexKo' H T. ^4. B Hay^HOM H KaHu;ejiflpcKOM HSbiKe xaKan HHBepcHH
He Bcer/i,a cooxBexcxByex Hopne. B xaKOM H3HKe nortJie>Kam,ee Haxo^HxcH nepejj;
CKa3yeMWM, oScxoHxejibcxBO — HenocpcACTBeHHo nepe^ CKasyeMHM, ^onoji-
HOHHc — 3a CKa3yeMbiM.

JIEKCHKA

§ 16. JleKCHKa 6ypHTCKoro H3WKa cocxaBJiHexca H3 cjiOAyiomnx hckoh-

HHX 3JieMeHX0B: 1) H3 JieKCHKH 6mT0B0H peHH C ee AHaJieKXHWMH OXKJIOHe-
HHHMH, JieKCHKH H3blKa HapOAHOFO XBOpHOCXBa H peMocjicHHo-npo4>eccHo-
HaJiBHHx rpynii, 2) H3 jiencHKH jiHxepaxypHoro nsbiKa c ee >KaHpOBHMH pas-
hobh^hocthmh: jieKCHKH ny6jiHHHcxHHecK0H, Hay^HOH h xyji;o>KecxBeHHOH
jiHxepaxypbi, 3) H3 jiokchkh Aop^Bo-^i^u.HOHHoro nHCbMCHHoro asHKa. KpoMe
HHx, HMOioxca 3aHMCXB0BaHHa, KOTopbie B paaHHX c(|)epax aabiKa npe/i,cxaB-
jieHH no-pa3HOMy. HaHMeHbmHH npoii;eHx saHMcxBOBaHHbix cjiob aaSjiK)-
^aexcH B a3HKe napoj^Horo xBop^ecxBa h xy/i,o>KecTBeiiHOH jiHxepaxypH,
oco6eHHo HoaxHHecKOH. HaHGojibiHHH — B HayMHOM, raaexHOM, ny6jiHi^HcxH-

HBCKOM aSHKe. Ho OCOSOHHO HaCHIH^eH aaHMCXBOBaHHHMH H KaJIbKaMH a3bIK

pejiHrH03Ho-6y;[4jiHHCKOH H (|)HJioco$cKOH jiHTepaxypH. B Shxoboh pe^H cxpa-
TH^JHKanHa saHMCXBOBaHHH iipeACxaBJiaex necxpyio KaprHHy. B aanaAHbix
roBopax H3o6HJiyjox saHMcxBOBaHHa H3 pyccKoro aawKa b oSjiacxH coi^najib-
HOH JieKCHKH, Hxo B ropa3AO MeHbiHCH cxeneHH HaxoAHM B BOCTOHHHX roBopax^
B KOTopHx Sojibine, HeM B aanaj^HHx, npe^cxaBJieHH saHMCTBOBaHHa b naHMe-

HOBaHHaX pa3HHX 6iIT0BHX npefl;MeTOB, MOpaJIbHO-STH^eCKHX H peJIHrHOSHMX

HOHaxHH, cp. 3an. yAbeyyp — boct. 6eanuK ^BeHHK'; san. oeop — boct.
30

nooj 'itoji'; 3ao. yhds — boct. nomjiooK 'hotojiok'; 3an. di/Aan — boct.
yeAyy ^yroji'; aan. maeaaeap — boct. cohxo (h3 kht.) ^okho'; aan. yniuoAea —
BOCT, Mood (h3 th6.) ^3aKJiHHaHHH% ^MOJiHTBa'; 3an. apdoA^a — boct, avh-
ddH (h3 th6.) ^npej^cKasaHMe' , ^npopo'iecTBo'; san. aMajidajisa — boot, maw-
zapue (h3 caHCKp.) ^oSct'; 3an. oneoH — boct. namuu (h3 caHCKp.) ^CBHmeH-
hhh'; 3an. dypdajiea — boct. Maauu (us caHCKp.) ^iipHSHB k 6o)KecTBy'
H t. a.

3aHMCTB0BaHHWe CJlOBa npOHHKJIH H M3 CTaporO H COBpOMeHHOro JIHTe-

paTypHoro MoiirojibCKoro H3MKa: a^yy ^^peaMOpHo', ^^o^eHi.', aeyexD ^BejiMKHH\
ypacxaA ^Tom^iTHe' (nojiHT.), rrwMc$A ^6opb6a\ codhxjA 'MyBCTBo', cohuh 'ra-
scTa', 6a *"»' (cotos) h t. n. Ha TH6eTCKoro aawKa: eymapdaa 'khot', AUMa
^jiaMa', eopmiiK '4MpKyjib\ Aoedau 'HepHHJii>HHii,a' m ;^p. H3 cancKpHTCKoro —
rjiaBHHM o6pa30M nopca TwSeTCKHH h3uk: aziuan 'mihobohho', Aaeman ^tgjio',
^MaTcpHH', MaudaA ^B03BHraeHHe% ^ajiTapi>', Maauu — po/i, mojihtbh, uijOu
^BOJimeScTBo', lufAde 'cthxh' h aP- H3 KHTaicKoro: a) AP^^BHefiniHe h aP^b-
HHO 3aHMCTB0BaHMH: ludHd ^hobhh% mau6aH ^Mnp', xya ^cbctjio-jkojithh' ,
6yy 'py>Ki>e', mooso 'rpnGH', dauide ^nHCbMo', caii ^uaii', uauMaa ^ToproBjia',
mauMa ^khhsb', eau ^CTajiB', ^nsa 'Manepa'; 6) HOBBie: moxou '^Meji', laaa--
Man ^CTeKJio', ^{|>ap(|)op', 60060 ""ne^ioHBe' h aP* H3 TiopKCKHx hshkob: xyuBZ
^BeApo% xypaa ^JionaTa', apcaAau ^jiob', 6omoao ^BepGjiioH^oHOK', xuauh
^rpex'. Ha MaHB^>Kypo-TyHryccKHx h3wkob: capa ^^ama', "^^laraa c raHpoKMMH
KpaHMH*, capca '^AyS', caAun ^sapnJiaTa' (h3 kht. ^lepeaManb*!.), ypm 'KOHyco-
o6pa3HbTH majiam' h aP- Ms rpenecKoro — ^lepcs corAHHCKHM w nepcHACKHH:
HOM 'KHHx^a', da6mdp ^TCTpaAb', iu3Mdp ^^ihctoc 30J10T0', mdmuM 'Benen,',
''KopoHa' H AP- H3 nepcHACKoio H3HKa: dapu 'nopox', 6o3o ^MOJioHHan 6apAa%
momu ''nonyran' h aP- CaMHC pa3HOo6pa3HH0 aaHMCTBOBanHH nocTynaioT
H3 pyccKoro H3i>iKa MjiH Hopes nocpoACTBO pyccKoro HSbiKa (3a HCKJiioHeHHeM
pejiHiHOSHHx HaHMeHOBaHHH): opoohoH 'aepHo', hoAooMou *"coJioMa\ uacu
'mii:hi\ npueMJim 'iipMeMHHK', napaxood ^napoxoA', nydyyuixa ''noAyinKa',
ycxeapdaa ^CK0BopoAa% 6ampaas ^SaTpaK', coeeam cobct', koaxoos ^koji-
xoa' M AP-

OSoramcHne jiokchkh homhmo a(})(f)HKcaji,nii npoHCxoAMT 3a chgt o6pa30Ba-

HHH HOBHX CJIOB nyTCM C*T0H<eHHH OCHOB HJIH CJIOB. B pOSyJlBTaTC CJlOmBBMB. 0C~
hob: a) H3MeHHeTCH 3ByK0B0H COCTaB CJlHBmHXCfl 06eHX OCHOB HJIH OAHOH H3 HHX:

aofcaxu ^xoshhctbo' <C ajfcaA '^no.iojKenMc' h axyil ^6HTHe'; 6) SByKOBoii cocTaB

OCTaeTCH 6e3 H3MeHeHHH, 3aT0 MOHHIOTCH CTpyKTypnO-CMHTaKCHHeCKHO CBOHCTBa

coHeTaiomHxcH cjiob (HCBoaMOjKHa BCTaBKa CJIOB Me>KAy hhmh): xyxj 6yxa
^CHHHi^a' (6yKB. ^CHBWH 6hk'), HO xvxD moMO 6yxa ^orpoMHHH CHBHH 6hk';

b) H3MeHHK)TCH rpaMMaTHHeCKHO CBOifCTBa OAHOrO H3 COHeTaiOmHXCH CJIOB :

dyy eapxa ^Kpn^aTb' (6yKB. ""sByK buxoahtb'), ho ne dyyn eapxa ^'asyK hc-
xoaht'; r) Ha6jiK)AaeTCH o6ni;afl cy(|>$HKcai^HH a^Y^ coHCTaiomnxcH cjiob:
haAaa-mypyymau ^napHOKonwTHHe' (6yKB. ^pa3ABoeHHOKonMTHHKM'). Pac-
npocTpaHeHHHM HBjiHeTCH HSMeHCHHe 3HaH0HHH CJIOB HJIH >Ke npHcnocoGjiCHHe
CJIOB K noBHM hohhthhm: apdaMmdit ^HCKycHHH% ^anaioiUHH npneMbi' >
^yneHHH', 6yAaH '^yroji' (b o6hhhom aHaneHKH) > ^yroJi' (reoM. tcpmhh)

H T. A-

^lacTo BCTpcHacTCH BHemHHH omohhmhh: 6au ^ctoh' — 6au ^HHI^eHb';
xapa ^CMOTpn' — xapa ^HepHHH'; xodo ^BcerAa' — xodo 'HacKB03b'. Pe>Ke —
BHyTpeHHHH omohhmmh: xapa ^nepHHi:' — xapa 'naroBop', "^TeMHHe 3aMHCjiM';
HoeooH ^TpaBa' — uoeoou ^sejienHH' — noeooH ^oboid,' h t. a- HacTH ah<|4^g~
peHi^HajibHO-CMHCJioBbie chhohhmh: 6yAedH ^TenjiHii' (o >khakocth), dyAaan
'xeiiJiHir (o B03Ayxe, TOJie); xypaxa ^Shtb saMopoH^enHUM', xyAddxs ^saMepa-
HyTb' (nooSme), ^6HTb otxMopo>kchhhm', daapaxa ''Mep3HyTb', 6d9p9X9 ''3h6-
Hyxb', 'cuerKa Mep3HyTb'. Feme BCTpe^aiOTCH aKcnpeccHBHO-cTHJiHCTHHe-
DKHC chhohhmh: dduxd ^ecTb% eyAbdpyyAxa ^nponyCTHTb (o nHme)'; yMXdxa
OTKycwBan, HcaAHO rJiOTaTb', domopAoxo ^H^paTb', saAeuxa '"coh^-

paTb' M AP-

31

KPATKHE GBEflEHHH flHAJIEKTAX

§ 17. B 6ypHTCK0M H3biKe HacquTweaeTCH HexHpe ^wajieKTa: aana/^Hbifi,
BocTo^iibiH H nmimeyjimiCKiiii. B KanecTBe /^wajieKTa moh^ho Bbi/^eJiwTi*
ocoSoe i3,aKaion:^ee HapeHiie capTVJiOB h i^ohfojiob, /KHBymnx b cejien-
THHCKOM p-He. /J^wajieKTbi pac!ia;^aK)TCfi na roBopH: b 3anafl;H0M jj^yia-
jieKxe iiMeiOTca ajiapcKiiw, yrirmicKWH, 6oxaHCKHH, 3xepHT-6yjiaraTCKHH

i! TyHKHHCKMH FOBOpbl, a B BOCT04H0M XOpWHCKHH, CeBepO-CeJieHrHH-

CKHH, 6apry3HHCKHH w Ky/^apiiHCKMH. Oocjie/^HHe ;^Ba naxo/^HTCH Ha
CTbiKe aana^Horo h boctohhopo j^wajieKTOB. FoBopbT pacna;i;aiOTCH Ha
nojs,vono\m, Humaeyjs^nucKviu JiviajienT <j)OHeTHHecKw npoTHBonocTaBJien
ocTajibHbiM /^waJieKTa.M tom, qro b hgm CMunnan {f)OHeMa k aaMeimeT
mejienyio x ocxajibuHx /^HajieKTOB: lUddnB (BMecto luadx^) ^HaseM',
najiarajinaoBaHHaH d aaMenneT m, z\ ajidd&^ (bmgcto aAdama) *Bbiny-
CKaH', nidH^&dp (BMecTo mamap) ^fleSo'.

B 3ana;^HOM /^aaJieKTe b pHj^e roBopoB noHBJiHercH b nanajie cjioBa
cpej^HeH3b!MHhiH npoTOHHWH tl BMecTo 3BOHKoro uiiinHmero M B jD^pyPHX
roBopax: um (BMecTO :hcSji) 'ro^', a bo MHOHcecTBeHHOM ^wcjie b neicoTO-
pbix fiaAO>KBbix $opMax — rjiyxoii zsLjinenzu^nuu cnwpaHT h hjih rjiyxoii
mvinKm^mi m BMecTO d: Mopuhu, Mophiuu (bmbcto Mopudtie) ^Koneii' h
T. A-

B HacTH bocto«ihmx roBopoB ry6nMe rjiacHbie nepeAnero pn^a e h y,
3a;^Hero pn^a o w y ^OHeMaTH^ecKH HefiTpa.ibHhi. B oahom h3 ro-
BopoB — Ky^apHHCKOM — TjiyxoH npoTO^Hufi cniipaiiT h uepexoAHT b rjiy-
xoH npoTo^HHfi 3a;^HeH3biiHbiH X, a B HHTepBOKa.ibiiOM noJio>KeHHH pa~
Ben Hyjiio: hapa — xapa 'Mecim'; mzahan — ayeyyn '[>f>T6a'; a b io)KHoce-
jieHrwHCKOM BMecTo h noHBJiHeTCfl c: hapa — cap ^Mecai^'; BMecTo

niHnHmHX H CBHCTHmHX lU, C, OT, 3 — COOTBetCTByiOmHe a$(|)pHKaTH H,

ify dM, ds: luanap — nanap 'Ka^ecTBo'; cahan — i^ac *cHer'; aypdxd — day-
pdxd ^qepTHTb' h t. ji.

HMJKHey/^iiHCKiiM .^iiaJieKT HsyqeH Majio, m mh He pacnojiaraeM ;^o-

CTaTO^HblM KOJIH^eCTBOM ^aKTOB.

VKAJ^EMHfl HAFK CCGP

*

HAyqHblH COBET no KOMnJIEKCHOa nPOBJlEME
AKOHOMEPflOCTH PA3BHTMH HAqWOHAJIbHblX flSblKOB
3 CBH3H C PA3BWTMEM COaHAJIHCTMqECKHX HADlHttf

HHCTHTYT H3BIK03HAHMH

3bll(M HAPOAOB

r JJ A B H A fl P E fl A K 11 H H;

aKaAeMMK B. B. BMHOFPAJtOB

(rjiaBHHii pe^aKTop),

^JieH-Kopp. AH CGCP B. A. GEPEBPEHHHKOB.

AOKTop (})MJio;i. uayK H. A. BACKAKOB,

AOKTop (|)Hjioji. HayK 10. Ji;. j^EIflEPWEB,

AOKTop <})HJioji. HayK n. H. CKOPHK,

KaHAHAaT (|)Mjio.r[. oajK B. 0). BEJIHEB

{3'»ieHWH ceKpeTapi>)

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AOKTop $MJioJi. ffayK II. H. CKOPHK

(oTBercTBeHHHH peAaKTop),

qjies-Kopp, AH CGCP B. A. ABPOPHH,

AOKTop ^HJioJi. HayK T. A. BEPTAPAEB,

AOKTop ^HJiOvi. HayK r. A. MEHOBmWKOB,

AOKTop (|)HJioji. HayK 0. II. CYHMK,
KBHA. 4>WTioji. HayK 0. A. KOHCTAHTHHOBA