The Rubiaceae of Colombia

580.5

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1930
cop. 2
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FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD, 1893

PUBLICATION 270
BOTANICAL SERIES VOL. VII, No. 1

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA

BY PAUL C. STANDLEY

Associate Curator of the Herbarium, Department of Botany

T-.wr- > \"^r>r

IHi u

B. E. DAHLGREN
Acting Curator, Department of Botany

EDITOR

of

f\ NATURAL
**r HISTORY

CHICAGO, U. S. A.

January 22, 1930

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

FOUNDED BY MARSHALL FIELD, 1893

PUBLICATION 270
BOTANICAL SERIES VOL. VII, No. 1

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA
BY PAUL C. STANDLEY

Associate Curator of the Herbarium, Department of Botany

~<3 6 1330

B. E. DAHLGREN

Acting Curator, Department of Botany E/?S!TV OF jti IM/~

wr ILL/A • '

ir.TvrT/Yp ••>

EDITOR

CHICAGO, U. S. A.

January 22, 1930

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS

v, 7'

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA

PAUL C. STANDLEY

The family Rubiaceae is an essentially tropical group. Although
in America it is represented in the North Temperate Zone by a
substantial number of species, these belong to only a few genera, and
chiefly to Galium and Houstonia. The temperate Rubiaceae are
mostly herbs, but those of the tropics are preponderantly shrubs,
or occasionally large trees. The shrubs, particularly those belonging
to the genera Palicourea and Psychotria, often form a conspicuous
part of the undergrowth in the primeval forests, from- southern
Mexico southward through Brazil, and along the Andes as far as
southern Peru.

In America it is in the vicinity of the equator, probably, that
the family is most lavishly represented, but in Central America,
especially in the mountains of Costa Rica and Panama, there exist
many species. The genus Psychotria is well represented there, but
it is worthy of note that the vast genus Palicourea, so profusely
represented in the Andes, has but few Central American species.

There has been published an adequate account of the Rubiaceae
of only one South American country — Brazil. The text of Schumann,
who treated the majority of the genera in Martius' FloraBrasiliensis,
is a model of monographic work, and his exact and lucid account
of the family must command the respect and admiration of all
students of the group. Mueller's treatment of the Psychotrieae,
the more difficult portion of the family, it must be admitted, is
sadly inferior.

In Colombia the Rubiaceae are exceptionally well represented,
by a larger number of species, perhaps, than in any other American
country except Brazil. This eminence may not be maintained when
other regions have been explored more thoroughly, and I suspect
that Colombia's present excellent showing in the Rubiaceae results
largely from the extensive exploration carried on there in recent
years. Nevertheless, consideration of the large number of Colombian
species now known from a single collection leads to the presumption

4 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VII

that many additions to the present species list may be expected
as exploration progresses.

Aside from their purely taxonomic interest the Colombian
Rubiaceae demand attention because of their practical value. Some
of the trees furnish wood of superior quality, and several yield drugs
which are in demand abroad. Ipecac is the product of two or more
low shrubs of the family, and from the Cinchonas, of romantic
history, is obtained Peruvian bark, the source of quinine, one of
nature's kindliest gifts to the world, and, above all, to dwellers in
the malaria-infested tropics. For the natural product obtained from
the bark of these Andean trees, now grown on so vast a scale in
the distant East Indies, no satisfactory substitute has been found.

One introduced plant of the same family has become of para-
mount importance to Colombia. In the product of the Arabian
coffee trees she finds one of the chief sources of wealth of her mountain
departments.

For the preparation of the present account of the Colombian
Rubiaceae the writer has been exceptionally fortunate in being able
to examine practically all the material existing in American herbaria.
There have been studied the collections from the following insti-
tutions, the letters in parenthesis being those used on the succeeding
pages to indicate the location of the specimens cited : Field Museum
of Natural History (F); United States National Herbarium (W);
Gray Herbarium (G); Missouri Botanical Garden (M); New York
Botanical Garden (Y ) ; Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
(P). In addition, there have been received on loan more than 700
sheets from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K), and a smaller
but interesting series from the Royal Museum of Stockholm (S).
To the custodians of the herbaria from which specimens were lent
the writer is deeply indebted.

The collection received from Kew was of particular interest, as
illustrating so characteristically the conditions existing with respect
to South American material in most herbaria, in the case of families
not monographed recently. Some of the specimens, if not from
Colombia at least from other Andean countries, were collected more
than a hundred years ago by classical collectors in these regions.
Many of these relatively ancient specimens represent species
described recently from collections made within the past thirty
years, and others belong to species still undescribed. One wonders

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 5

whether some of our own collections will lie in the herbarium an
equally long time, to be studied by botanists whose grandfathers
are not yet born.

1. UNCARIA Schreb.

Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC. Prodr. 4: 349. 1830. Nauclea
aculeata HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 382. 1819, not Willd. 1797.
N. tomentosa Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 221. 1819. Ourouparia
tomentosa Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 132. 1889.

Type from the banks of the Rio Magdalena near Nares, Bonpland.
San Martin de Loba, Bolivar, Curran 29 (W). Also in Central
America, Surinam, and Trinidad.

A large scandent shrub armed with stout curved spines; leaves
oval, 10-15 cm. long, obtuse-acuminate, whitish-tomentulose or
glabrate beneath; flowers whitish, fragrant, in dense globose heads.

2. ALSEIS Schott

Alseis Blackiana Hemsl. Diag. PI. Mex. 30. 1879; Biol. Centr.
Amer. Bot. pi. 37.

San Martin de Loba, Bolivar, Curran in 1916 (F, W). Also in
Panama.

A tree with oblanceolate or obovate-oblong, glabrate leaves
7-20 cm. long; flowers white, in long spikes; capsule oblong-turbinate,
9-12 mm. long.

3. MANETTIA L.

Manettia alba (Aubl.) Wernh. Gen. Manettia 29. 1919. Nacibea
alba Aubl. PI. Guian. 95. pi. 87, f. 2. 1775.

Santa Rosa, El Valle, alt. 200-300 m., Killip 11562 (W, G, Y, P).
Also in the Guianas.

Leaves thin, conspicuously nerved, ovate or elliptic, glabrous;
calyx lobes 4, minute, triangular; corolla white, the tube about
3 mm. long; capsule glabrous, oval, 4 mm. long.

Manettia calycosa Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 330. 1861. M.
Holtonii Wernh. Gen. Manettia 23. 1919.

Santa Marta, 540 m., H. H. Smith 1892 (F, W, G, M, P). La
Paila, Cauca, Holton 606 (G, P; type collection of M. Holtonii).
Without locality, Andre 869 (K, Y). Guayabetal to Monte Redondo,
Cundinamarca, 1,300-1,500 m., Pennell 1785 (Y). Libano, Tolima,
1,100-1,300 m., Pennell 3432 (G, Y, M). Angelopolis, Toro 897 (Y).
Titiribi, Toro 409 (Y). Los Micos, Toro 825 (Y). Azufral to Moral,
Tolima, 1,800-2,300 m., Killip & Kazen 9604 (W, G, Y). Cuchilla,
El Valle, 1,200-1,600 m., Pennell, Killip & Hazen 8557 (Y). Ibague",
1,300 m., Andre K558 (K). Wernham (1. c.) reports Funck 417 from

6 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Santa Marta and Kalbreyer 360 and Schlim 89 from Ocafia. The
species occurs also in Haiti and Venezuela.

Leaves thick, lanceolate or lance-ovate, long-acuminate, scaber-
ulous or puberulent or glabrate, conspicuously veined ; calyx lobes 4,
lanceolate or ovate, 3.5-5 mm. long, acute; corolla red, tomentulose,
1.7-2 cm. long; capsule obovoid-globose, 5-6 mm. long, tomentulose.

I can see no difference whatever between the type collection of
M. Holtonii and other collections referred by Wernham to M.
ealycosa.

Manettia calycosa var. latifolia Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 273.
1929.

Between Chinacota and La Esmeralda, Norte de Santander,
1,000-1,300 m., Killip & Smith 20855 (W, type; Y).

Leaves rounded-ovate, abruptly acute-acuminate.

Manettia coccinea (Aubl.) Willd. Sp. PI. 1: 624. 1797. Nacibea
cocdnea Aubl. PI. Guian. 96. pi. 37, f. 1. 1775. M. sanctae-martae
Wernh. Gen. Manettia 51. 1919.

Santa Marta, 300 m., H. H. Smith 391 (F, G, M, P; type collec-
tion of M. sanctae-martae). Islitas, Rio Nari, Andre 444 (F, K, Y).
Puerto Wilches, 100 m., Killip & Smith 14908 (W, Y). Tierra Alta
on Rio Sinu, Bolivar, 100-200 m., Pennell 4639 (W, G, Y). Also
in Central America, Mexico, West Indies, and the Guianas.

Plants glabrous or sparsely and minutely puberulent on the
younger parts; stipules truncate or acute; leaves large, ovate, long-
acuminate, rounded at the base; calyx lobes 8, linear, 5-10 mm. long,
recurved; corolla red, glabrous outside, 17-20 mm. long; capsule
6-10 mm. long, subglobose.

M . sanctae-martae is a form with very narrow calyx lobes and an
obscurely puberulent hypanthium. It does not seem worthy of
recognition even as a variety or form.

Manettia coccocypseloides Wernh. Kew Bull. 1914: 64. 1914.

Type from Pitalito, Tolima, Sprague 244. Popayan, 1,600-2,000 m.,
Lehmann 4760 (F, W, Y); at 1,500-2,000 m., Lehmann 7593 (F).
Without locality, Lehmann K.134 (F). Pandi, Andrt 1573 (K, Y).
Hills of Miraflores above Palmira, Cauca, Pittier 877 (W). Charta,
Santander, 2,000-2,600 m., Killip & Smith 18921 (W). Northern
slope of Mesa de los Santos, 1,000-1,500 m., Killip & Smith 15395
(W). Rio Surata Valley above Surata, 2,000-2,300 m., Killip &
Smith 16535 (W, Y). California, Santander, 2,000 m., Killip &
Smith 17004 (W, Y). La Gallera, Micay Valley, Cauca, 1,200 m.,
Killip 7825 (W). La Cumbre, El Valle, 1,600-2,100 m., Killip 11583
(W, Y). East of Neiva, Huila, 700-1,500 m., Rusby & Pennell 515
(W, Y): alt. 1,800-2,300 m., Rusby & Pennell 848 (W, Y). La
Palmita west of Armenia, Caldas, 1,100-1,300 m., Pennell, Killip

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 7

& Hazen 8623 (W, G, Y). La Cumbre, El Valle, 1,500-1,750 m.,
Pennell 5180 (W, G, Y). Cuchilla, east of Zarzal, El Valle, 1,200-
1,600 m., Pennell, Killip & Hazen 8557 (W). Without locality,
Purdie (G).

A slender scandent herb, the stems puberulent; leaves lanceolate
to ovate, acuminate, puberulent; stipules small, broadly ovate;
flowers white, 1 cm. long, in few-flowered cymes; calyx lobes 4,
linear-oblong, 3-4 mm. long; corolla puberulent outside; capsule
subglobose, sparsely puberulent or glabrate.

Manettia corticifer Wernh. Gen. Manettia 25. 1919.

Type from Pasto, Triana 1795 in part. Rio San Rafael, below
Cerro Tatama, Caldas, 2,500-2,800 m., Pennell 7533 (W, G, Y). Cerro
Tatama, Caldas, 3,200-3,400 m., Pennell 10512 (W).

Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate or ovate, 2-4 cm. long, acuminate,
the lateral nerves obsolete, the margins recurved; calyx lobes 4,
lanceolate, 1.5 mm. long; hypanthium glabrous; corolla white or
pinkish, glabrous outside, 4 mm. long; capsule 5 mm. long.

Manettia cryptantha Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 269. 1929.

Cordillera Oriental east of Neiva, Huila, 1,080-2,300 m., Rusby
& Pennell 871 (Y, type), 879, 648.

Stems densely and minutely puberulent; stipules broadly trian-
gular, laciniate-denticulate; leaves ovate-elliptic or oblong-ovate,
4-6 cm. long, acuminate, obtuse or rounded at the base, sparsely
short-pilose or glabrate beneath; calyx lobes 4, lanceolate or linear-
lanceolate, 5-8 mm. long, acuminate; corolla white, sparsely puberu-
lent outside, about 10 mm. long; capsule acute at the base.

Manettia echitidea Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 274. 1929.
La Japa, Tolima, 1,000-1,400 m., Lehmann 7594 (F, type; K).

Stems glabrate, when young retrorse-scaberulous; stipules
rounded, laciniate-denticulate; leaf blades lance-oblong, 2.5-4.5 cm.
long, acuminate, obtuse at the base, ochraceous beneath and puberu-
lent along the costa; calyx lobes 4, triangular, 1.5 mm. long, acute,
glabrate; corolla glabrous outside, 5-6.5 mm. long.

Manettia Lehmannii (Wernh.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4:
269. 1929. Neosabicea Lehmannii Wernh. Journ. Bot. 52: 225. pi.
533. 1914.

Above Popaydn, Cauca, 2,200 m., Lehmann 3514 (W, K, type
collection).

Leaves elliptic or ovate, acute, 3-5 cm. long, densely villous-
pilose especially beneath; calyx lobes 4, lanceolate, acute, 4-5 mm.
long; hypanthium densely short-villous; corolla sparsely villous,
the tube about 1 cm. long.

8 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Manettia Lindenii Sprague is reported from Colombia by
Wernham (Gen. Manettia 28. 1919), but apparently in error, the
specimen being really from Venezuela.

Manettia Lobbii Wernh. Gen. Manettia 26. 1919.

Type ascribed to Colombia, Ldbb 97. It is probable that the
plant is from Ecuador.

Leaves thick, elliptic, acuminate, glabrous, 3-5 cm. long, the
lateral nerves obsolete, the margin revolute; calyx lobes 4, ovate-
lanceolate, acute, 2 mm. long; hypanthium glabrous; corolla glabrous
outside, the tube 7 mm. long, the limb 6-7 mm. broad.

Manettia meridensis Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 178. 1889.

Las Vegas, Santander, 2,600-3,000 m., Killip & Smith 16078
(W, Y). Wernham reports Schlim 86 from Ocafia at 1,200 m., and
Kalbreyer 694, collected between Ocafia and Pamplona at 1,560 m.
The species occurs also in Venezuela.

Leaves thick, narrowly lanceolate to elliptic, long-acuminate,
acute or obtuse at the base, glabrous above, appressed-pilose beneath
along the nerves when young; calyx lobes 4, lanceolate or oblong,
elongate; hypanthium white-tomentose; corolla white or pink.

The determination of Killip & Smith 16078 is somewhat doubtful,
but the specimens agree well in most respects with the rather un-
satisfactory original description.

Manettia pectinata Sprague, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 5: 836. 1905.

Las Nubes, Santa Marta, 1,350 m., H. H. Smith 1665 (F, W, G,
M, P, S, type collection) .

Leaves ovate or elliptic-ovate, 3.5-8 cm. long, short-acuminate,
rounded at the base, glabrous; calyx lobes 8, triangular, 0.5-0.8 mm.
long; hypanthium glabrous; corolla white, nearly glabrous, the tube
10 mm. long, the lobes 5-6 mm. long; capsule obovoid-globose,
5 mm. long, glabrous.

Manettia pisifera Wernh. Gen. Manettia 27. 1919.

Type from La Banca, at 3,000-3,300 m., Pearce. The specimen
probably was not collected in Colombia.

Stems pubescent; leaves thin, elliptic, acuminate, the nerves
evident, hirtellous beneath along the nerves; hypanthium glabrous;
calyx lobes 4, lanceolate, 2 mm. long; corolla glabrous outside, the
tube 12 mm. long, the lobes 2.8 mm. long; capsule globose, 4 mm.
long.

Manettia pleiodon Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 184. 1889.
Lygistum pleiodon Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 288. 1891.

Type from Mariquita, Karsten*

Glabrous, the young branches minutely puberulent; stipules
2-3-dentate; leaves ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, acute at the

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 9

base; calyx lobes 8, subulate, reflexed; corolla 2 cm. long; capsule
subglobose, 5 mm. long.

Probably this should be treated as a synonym of M. coccinea.

Manettia rivulorum Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 273. 1929.

Dense woods along streams, Las Vegas, Santander, 2,600-3,000
m., Kittip & Smith 16058 (W, type; Y).

A scandent shrub, the young branches appressed-pilose; stipules
rounded, laciniate-denticulate; leaf blades elliptic or ovate-elliptic,
4-5.5 cm. long, short-acuminate, acute or obtuse at the base, strigil-
lose beneath especially along the nerves; calyx lobes 4, elliptic,
2-2.5 mm. long, acute, ciliolate; capsule globose-obovoid, 6-7 mm.
long, acute at the base, glabrate.

Manettia sabiceoides Wernh. Gen. Manettia 30. 1919.

Type from Mariquita, Quindio, 1,950 m., Triana 1793.

Young stems covered with sulphur-yellow pubescence; leaves
elliptic, papyraceous, short-acuminate, glabrate above, puberulent
beneath on the veins, the lateral nerves 8-10 pairs; calyx lobes 4,
ovate-oblong, acuminate, 3 mm. long; corolla sparsely puberulent,
the tube 12 mm. long, the lobes 3 mm. long.

Manettia scaberrima Wernh. Gen. Manettia 24. 1919.

Type from Colombia, without locality, Linden 895. Wernham
reports also Tnana 1792 from La Palmilla, Marquita, at 1,650 m.

Leaves subcoriaceous, rugose, ovate, caudate-acuminate, 2.5-4
cm. long, 1.2-2 cm. wide, rounded or cordate at the base, scaberulous
above, puberulent beneath, especially on the veins; calyx lobes 4,
oblong, 3-7 mm. long; corolla 12 mm. long or more, tomentulose;
capsule subglobose, puberulent or glabrate.

Manettia Smithii Sprague, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 5: 267. 1905.
Lygistum Smithii Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 405. 1910.

Type from Campo Alegre, Santa Marta, 450 m., H. H. Smith
1393 (F, W, G, M, P, Y, type collection).

A slender vine; leaves ovate, 4-7 cm. long, short-acuminate,
short- villous; cymes 1-3-flowered; calyx lobes 8, ovate, acute, 3.5-4
mm. long; corolla red, villous, the tube 16 mm. long, short- villous.

Manettia Spraguei Wernh. Gen. Manettia 39. 1919.

Type from San Martin district, Villavicencio, Sprague.

Glabrous; leaves elliptic, 7 cm. long, acuminate, acute at the
base, with 7-8 pairs of nerves; calyx lobes 4, linear, 8 mm. long or
more; corolla tube not exceeding 14 mm.; capsule subglobose.

Manettia suratensis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 274. 1929.
Type from thickets along river, Surata, Santander, 1,700 m.,
Kittip & Smith 16811 (W).

10 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Stems sparsely villous; stipules subtruncate, laciniate-denticulate;
leaf blades lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 4.5-8 cm. long, long-
acuminate, acute or decurrent at the base, sparsely whitish-pilose
beneath; calyx lobes 8, linear or lance-oblong, 2-3 mm. long, acute,
recurved; corolla sparsely villous, the tube green, 8 mm. long, the
lobes white, 5 mm. long.

Manettia Toroi, sp. nov. — Suffrutex scandens, ramulis gracili-
bus, novellis sparse et minutissime pilosulis mox glabratis, vetus-
tioribus brunnescentibus; stipulae vix 0.7 mm. longae, adpressae,
late rotundatae, margine setuloso-ciliato; petiolus gracilis 4-10 mm.
longus, puberulus vel glabratus; lamina membranacea, lanceolato-
oblonga vel oblonga, 4-9.5 cm. longa, 1.2-3.5 cm. lata, 'longiacumi-
nata, basi acuta vel obtusa, supra viridis, glabra, costa impressa,
nervis fere obsoletis, subtus pallidior, ad costam gracilem elevatam
sparse pilosula, aliter glabra, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 6
inconspicuis, nervulis obsoletis; inflorescentiae axillares pauciflorae,
1-2 cm. longe pedunculatae, pedicellis plerumque 4-8 mm. longis
glabris vel sparse pilosulis; hypanthium oboyoideum 2.5 mm.
longum; calyx 2.5 mm. longus 4-partitus, lobis late triangulari-
ovatis acuminatis erectis glabris saepe ciliolatis; corolla in alabastro
10-12 mm. longa extus glabra, 5-6 mm. longa, basi acuta; semina
2.5 mm. lata. — Colombia: Salgar, region of Medellin, July 20, 1928,
Rafael A. Toro 1266 (Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard., type).

Manettia Trianae Wernh. Gen. Manettia 27. 1919.

Type from Pasto, Triana 1795, in part. Meneses, Andre 2869
(K). Niebli, Andre K555 (K).

Leaves somewhat fleshy, elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, 4-6.5 cm.
long, glabrous, the lateral nerves obsolete; calyx lobes 4, ovate-
lanceolate, 2.5 mm. long; hypanthium glabrous; corolla purplish,
glabrous outside, the tube 4.5 mm. long, the lobes 3 mm. long.

Manettia Utopia Wernh. Gen. Manettia 43. 1919.

Type from Colombia, Triana. Laguneta to Magana, Caldas,
3,000-3,200 m., Kittip & Hazen 9472 (W, Y, P). San Antonio,
Cauca, 2,400-2,700 m., Pennell & Killip 7393 (W, G, Y).

Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate to ovate, long-acuminate, glabrous,
yellowish beneath; calyx lobes 4, triangular, acute, 1.5 mm. long,
fleshy; capsule obovoid, 5-6 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, glabrous.

4. CINCHONA L.

The species of Cinchona are the source of the drug quinine.
Although several species of the genus occur in Colombia, the col-
lection of the bark was never so important in that country as in
Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.

The genus has always been considered a difficult one. This
results from the fact that the forms have been separated and named
upon almost as slight characters as the Crataegus species of the

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 11

United States. The trees were studied by men who were interested
primarily in their products, which seem to vary greatly even within
the species. Examination of a large amount of material in connection
with a careful study of the extensive literature dealing with the
taxonomy of the Cinchonas has convinced the writer that the actual
number of recognizable species, according to our usual species
standards, is a small one, and that most of the names must be
reduced to synonymy.

Cinchona barbacoensis Karst. in Koch & Fint. Wochenschr.
2: 31. 1859; Fl. Columb. 1: 47. pi 23. 1859.

Type from dense forests of the western slope of the Cordillera
de Barbacoa, near San Pablo, at 100-1,000 m., Karsten. Rio
Timbiqui and Rio Maya, in dense wet coastal forests, 100-600 m.,
Lehmann 8628 (F, W, S, Y). Cordoba, Cauca, 30-100 m., Pittier 517
(W). Forests of Rio Timbiqui, Lehmann B.T 41 5 (Y).

A tree 4-9 m. high, the branchlets appressed-pilose; stipules
lanceolate, acute, pilosulous; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-elliptic
to oblong-oblanceolate, 10-18 cm. long, 6-7 cm. wide, acute,
attenuate to the base, glabrate above, beneath pilose, especially
on the nerves, with short stiff subappressed hairs; inflorescence
sessile, large, broad, the flowers congested; hypanthium sericeous;
calyx glabrate, the teeth short, triangular, acute; corolla sericeous,
white or pink, 1 cm. long, the 5 lobes lanceolate, obtuse, shorter
than the tube; capsule linear, 5-9 cm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, glabrate.

Cinchona barbacoensis is remarkable because of the fact that it
grows at a lower altitude than any other species of the genus. It is
well marked by the long and very slender capsules, which often are
curved.

Cinchona Henleana Karst. in Koch & Fint. Wochenschr. 2:
31. 1859; Fl. Columb. 1: 55. pi 27. 1859.

In forest below Boca Antizales, Bolivar, 800-1,200 m., Pennell
4506 (Y). Also in Venezuela.

A tree 15 m. high, the branches minutely tomentose; stipules
triangular-ovate, acuminate, tomentulose, the margins revolute;
leaves short-petioled, oblong-obovate or oblanceolate-oblong, 20-40
cm. long, 7-15 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, narrowed to the base,
glabrous above, hirtellous or hispidulous beneath on the nerves;
panicles few-flowered, the flowers sessile or nearly so; calyx 5-7 mm.
long, tomentulose, truncate and obscurely denticulate; corolla pink,
coriaceous, densely sericeous, the tube 2.5 cm. long, the 5 lobes
oblong, obtuse, shorter than the tube; capsule oblong, densely and
minutely tomentose, 3.5-4 cm. long.

Easily recognized by the very large calyx.

Cinchona officinalis L. Sp. PI. 172. 1753. C. lancifolia Mutis,
"Periodic© de Santa Fe" 465. 1793; Humb. Ges. Naturf. Freund.

12 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VII

Berlin Mag. 116. 1807 (type from Andes of Bogota, Mutis). C.
nitida R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 50. pi. 191. 1799. C. lanceolata R. & P.
Fl. Peruv. 2: 51. 1799; 3: 1. pi. 223. 1802. C. angustifolia Ruiz,
Quinol. Supl. 14. 1801. C. Condaminea H. & B. PI. Aequin. 1: 33.
pi. 10. 1808. C. macrocalyx DC. Bibl. Univ. 41: 150. 1829. C. land-
folia 7 angustifolia DC. Prodr. 4: 352. 1830. C. calisaya Wedd. Ann.
Sci. Nat. III. 10: 6. 1848. C. amygdalifolia Wedd., 1. c. C. Conda-
minea /3 Candollei Wedd. Ann. Sci. III. 11: 269. 1849. C. Condaminea
8 lancifolia Wedd., 1. c. C. lancifolia var. obtusata Karst. Med. Chinar.
36. 1858. C. lancifolia var. discolor Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: 22. pi. 12.
1858. C. lancifolia var. vera Howard, Rept. Internat. Bot. Congr.
220. 1866. C. lancifolia var. rubra Howard, 1. c. 1866. C. lancifolia
var. calisaya Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. 11: 358. 1869.

Balsillas, Huila, cultivated, Rusby & Pennell 697 (W, G). Forest
above Balsillas, 2,200-2,600 m., Rusby & Pennell 732 (F, W, G, M).
Without locality, Saenz A208 (W). Quetame, Dawe 340 (W).
Without locality, Lehmann 8676 (Y). Fusagasuga, Holton 437 (P, Y).
Chipaque", Potrero Grande, Ariste-Joseph A871 (W). Eastern
llanos, Ariste-Joseph A869 (W). Ranging southward to Bolivia.

A large or medium-sized tree, sometimes 24 m. high, with a
trunk 1-1.5 m. in diameter, the bark rugose, fuscous, the branchlets
strigillose-pilosulous; stipules free, lanceolate or oblong, acute or
obtuse, glabrous, deciduous; leaves petiolate, lanceolate to elliptic
or ovate, small, acute, acuminate, or obtuse, at base attentuate to
rounded, subcoriaceous, glabrous above, beneath glabrous or puberu-
lent or hispidulous, especially on the nerves, usually about 10 cm.
long and 3.5-4 cm. wide, often scrobiculate beneath; inflorescence
terminal, leafy, cymose-paniculate, dense, many-flowered; hypan-
thium strigose; calyx glabrous or nearly so, reddish, the teeth
triangular, acute; corolla pink or red, sericeous, the tube about 1 cm.
long, the 5 lobes ovate, acute; capsule oblong, striate-costate, usually
1.5-2 cm. long, glabrate.

"Caqueta," "quina tunita," "quina," "quina anaranjada,"
"tunita," "red Cartagena bark."

Like most other species of Cinchona, this is a highly variable
plant, and the forms have been described under a large number of
names. The bark is or has been in some parts of the range of the
species an important source of quinine.

Cinchona pitayensis Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 11: 269. 1849.
C. lanceolata Benth. PI. Hartw. 190. 1845, not R. & P. C. Condaminea
e pitayensis Wedd., 1. c. 1849. C. corymbosa Karst. Fl. Columb. 1:
19. pi. 10, 1858. C. Trianae Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: 45. pi. 22. 1859.
C. pitayensis a colorata Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. 11: 359. 1869.
C. pitayensis 0 Trianae Wedd., 1. c. 1869. C. pitayensis 8 almagueren-
sis Wedd., 1. c. 1869. C. pitayensis y pallida Wedd., 1. c. 1869.

Type from the forests of Pitayo, near Popayan, Hartweg 1047.
Type of C. corymbosa from the volcanoes of Cumbal and Chile, at

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 13

2,500-3,500 m., Karsten. Type of C. Trianae from the forests of
Volcan Purace", near Popayan, at 2,500 m. Eastern Cordillera,
Ariste- Joseph A888 (W).

A large tree, sometimes 30 m. high, with a trunk a meter thick,
the bark corky, brown; stipules free, lanceolate, acute, glabrous;
leaves petiolate, elliptic to lance-oblong, 6-11 cm. long, 3-5 cm.
wide, acute at base and apex, coriaceous, glabrous, scrobiculate
beneath in the axils of the nerves; inflorescence terminal, short,
dense, few-flowered; hypanthium pilosulous or glabrate; calyx lobes
5, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate; corolla pink, sericeous, the tube
1 cm. long, the lobes short, ovate, villous within; capsule ellipsoid,
glabrate, 2.5 cm. long, 1 cm. broad.

Karsten states that the bark was exported as "China de Pitayo."
Hartweg reports the name as "quina roja de Pitayo."

Cinchona pubescens Vahl, Skrivt. Naturh. Selsk, 1: 19. 1790.
C. purpurea R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 52. pi. 193. 1799. C. ovata R. & P.
Fl. Peruv. 2: 52. pi. 195. 1799. C. cordifolia Mutis ex Humb. Ges.
Naturf. Freund. Berlin Mag. 1: 117. 1807 (type from Colombia).
C. pubescens a cordata DC. Prodr. 4: 353. 1830. C. rugosa Pav6n ex
DC., 1. c., as syn. 1830. C. cordifolia a vera Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III.
1849. C. succirubra Pavon ex Klotzch, Abh. Akad. Berl. 1857: 60.
1858.

Popayan, 1,700-2,500 m., Lehmann 3549 (F,W). Aguadas, Antio-
quia, 1,600-2,200 m., Lehmann 4640 (F). La Ceja, Tolima, 2,000
m., Lehmann 2114 (W). Without locality, Lehmann CLXXXXV
(W),B.T.514 (G). Hato Viejo, Lehmann B.T.71 9 (Y). Forests on the
Rio Timbiqui, Lehmann 8998 (Y). Cuatro Esquinas to Rio Piendamo,
Cauca, 1,700-1,900 m., Pennell & Killip 6380 (W, G, P, Y). El
Ramal to Rio Sucio, Cauca, 2,200-2,000 m., Pennell & Killip 8088
(W, G, P, Y). Rio Palace1, Cauca, 1,600 m., Pennell & Killip 8281
(W). Central Cordillera, Dawe 862 (W, Y). Tacuey6, Cauca,
Pittier 1485 (W, Y). Without locality, Purdie (G). Balsillas,
Huila, 2,200-2,600 m., Rusby & Pennell 733 (F, W, G, M). East of
Villeta, April 25, 1852, Holton (Y). San Antonio de Cena, Ariste-
Joseph A838 (W). Eastern llanos, Ariste-Joseph A870 (W). Balsillas,
Huila, 2,200-2,600 m., Rusby & Pennell 788 (F, W,G, M), 805 (W, G).
La Baja, Santander, 2,700 m., Killip & Smith 18330 (W, G), 17135
(W, Y). Without locality, Lehmann B.T.638 (Y). Ranging south-
ward to Bolivia.

A medium-sized tree, the trunk commonly about 30 cm. in
diameter, the branchlets variously pubescent; stipules free, ovate,
large, obtuse or acute, caducous, sericeous or nearly glabrous;
leaves petiolate, usually broadly ovate to orbicular, large, rounded
to acute at the apex, at the base cordate to acute, often decurrent,
usually glabrate above but often pubescent, beneath densely pilose
to nearly glabrous, often scrobiculate; inflorescence terminal, panic-
ulate, leafy, large, many-flowered, open, the flowers subsessile;

14 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

hypanthium sericeous; calyx 5-dentate, minutely sericeous or tomen-
tulose; corolla red or pink, sericeous, the tube usually about 1 cm.
long, the lobes lanceolate, 5-7 mm. long, villous within; capsule
lanceolate or oblong, striate-costate, glabrate, usually 1.5-2.5 cm.
long.

"Quina amarilla," "quina terciopelo," "quina calisaya."
The species as here treated is a highly variable one as regards
shape and pubescence of the leaves, form of calyx lobes, and size of
corolla. It seems impossible, however, at least with the information
now available, to divide it into species or varieties which can be
recognized with any considerable degree of accuracy. The forms of
C. pubescens are the chief source of quinine. They vary greatly as
to their quinine content.

Cinchona rosulenta Howard ex Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. 12:
66. 1869.

Type collected near Velez, Prov. Ocafia, Pur die.

Leaves broadly ovate or rounded-ovate, acute, attenuate to the
petiole, sparsely pilose above, finally glabrate and shining, pilose
beneath; panicles lax, rufous-villous-tomentose, the flowers medium-
sized; calyx teeth ovate, acuminate; corolla sericeous-tomentose.

"Quina de la tierra fria." Said to be nearly indistinguishable
from C. succirubra.

5. JOOSIA Karst.

Joosia umbellifera Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: 9. pi 5. 1858.

Type from the wet hot forests on the western slope of the Andes
of Bogota, near Servita, Karsten and Triana. Also in Peru.

A medium-sized tree; stipules linear-oblong, acute or obtuse,
1.5 cm. long; leaves short-petiolate, oblong, obovate-oblong, or
oblong-lanceolate, 10-22 cm. long, 5-10 cm. wide, long-acuminate,
at the base acute, glabrous above, appressed-pilose beneath on the
nerves; inflorescence terminal, cymose-umbellate; calyx lobes
triangular-ovate, acute; corolla white, subsericeous, 12-14 mm. long,
the lobes ovate, each bearing at the apex 2 large oval petal-like
appendages; capsule linear, appressed-pilose, 3.5-6.5 cm. long,
3 mm. wide.

One other species of Joosia occurs in Peru.

6. MACROCNEMUM L.

Macrocnemum grandiflorum Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 1: 76.
1854; Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 161. pi 101. 1889. Lasionema
grandiflorum Wedd. Hist. Quinquin. 98. 1849.

Type from Colombia.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 15

A tree; leaves broadly elliptic, acute, rounded or narrowed at
the base, glabrous above, glabrous beneath or puberulent in the
axils of the veins, 8-15 cm. long; panicles axillary; corolla 18 mm.
long, glabrous outside; calyx lobes triangular, acute.

Macrocnemum pastoense Karst. Linnaea 30: 150. 1859.

Type collected on the banks of the Mayo and Juanambu rivers,
near Pasto, Karsten. Boca Esmeralda on Rio Sinu, Bolivar, 150-300
m., Pennell 4564 (F, G, M, W, Y). Boca Tai on Rio Sinu, Bolivar,
80 m., Pennell 4183 (Y). Without locality, Barclay (K). Also in
Panama.

A tree; leaves obovate or oval-obovate, abruptly short-acuminate,
obtuse or rounded at the base, glabrous or nearly so; corolla pink,
minutely pilose outside, the tube 7-10 mm. long.

Macrocnemum polyphlebium, sp. nov. — Arbor, ramulis
validis obtuse tetragonis sparse sericeis, internodiis brevibus;
stipulae caducae, brunneae, lanceolato-oblongae, 1.5 cm. longae,
acuminatae, sparse sericeae; petioli graciles vel crassi, 6-14 mm.
longi, sericei; lamina elliptico-oblonga vel elliptica, 8-15 cm. longa,
3-6.5 cm. lata, abrupte longeque caudato-acuminata, acumine
angusto c. 2 cm. longo attenuate, basi acuta vel subobtusa, papy-
racea, supra viridis, glabra, nervis prominulis, subtus pallidior, ad
nervps dense sericeo-strigosa, aliter glabra, costa gracili elevata,
nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 15, angulo acuto latove adscen-
dentibus, gracilibus, prominentibus, yalde arcuatis, in marginem
desinentibus, nervulis transversis crebris manifestis parallelis; inflo-
rescentia terminalis sessilis vel longipedunculata, interdum e basi
trichotoma, dense multiflora, cymosp-paniculata, 6-12 cm. longa,
ramosa, ramulis dense cinereo-strigosis, floribus sessilibus vel usque
ad 7 mm. longe pedicellatis, saepe subsecundis; hypanthium cylin-
dricum 3-4 mm. longum strigosum; calyx 1.5 mm. longus, ad medium
5-lobus, lobis late ovato-triangularibus acutis extus strigosis; corolla
alba sparse strigillosa, tubo gracili 1 cm. longp, 1.5-2 mm. lato, tereti,
lobis valvatis oblongis 4.5 mm. longis acutiusculis intus glabris. —
Colombia: Wet forest slope, Susumuco, southeast of Quetame, Dept.
Cundinamarca, alt. 1,200-1,400 m., September 5, 1917, Francis W.
Pennell 1740 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,041,903, type; duplicates in
G,Y).

The species is a well-marked one because of the character of
the pubescence, and the long-acuminate leaves with numerous
costae.

Macrocnemum pubescens (Benth.) Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV.
1: 76. 1854. Lasionema pubescens Benth. PI. Hartw. 191. 1845.

Type from Mercaderes, between Pasto and Popayan, Hartweg.
Popayan, 1,500-1,800 m., Lehmann 5447 (F). Woods between Toyo

16 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

and Cafias Gordas, Antioquia, 1,600-2,200 m.,Lehmann4741 (F, W).
Dolores, Cauca, Andrt 2836 (Y). Without locality, Triana 1798 (K).
A shrub or tree; leaves obovate, abruptly short-acuminate,
densely pubescent beneath; corolla glabrous outside or minutely
puberulent, red or pink, the tube 8 mm. long; capsule curved, 1.5-2
cm. long, glabrous.

Macrocnemum roseum (R. & P.) Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 1:
76. 1854. Cinchona rosea R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 54. pi. 199. 1799.

Reported from Colombia by Schumann (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66:
161.1889). Also in Peru.

A tree; leaves oblong or obovate-oblong, 6-12 cm. long, obtuse,
cuneate at the base, glabrous above, puberulent beneath in the axils
of the veins; inflorescence ferruginous-tomentose; corolla pink,
11-12 mm. long; capsule 1.5-2 cm. long.

Macrocnemum rotundatum Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 267.
1929.

Type from Buesaco, alt. 1,800-2,100 m., Lehmann 6303 (F;
duplicate in W). East of Neiva, Huila, 1,800-2,300 m., Rusby &
Pennell 845 (W, M). Without locality, Triana 152 (K). Antioquia,
Jervise (K).

Branchlets glabrous; leaves petiolate, oval-obovate or obovate-
oblong, 4.5-12.5 cm. long, rounded or very obtuse at the apex,
usually acute at the base but sometimes obtuse or rounded, glabrous
beneath or strigillose on the veins, often barbate in the axils; panicles
axillary; calyx shallowly 5-dentate, the teeth acute or apiculate;
corolla glabrous outside, the tube 7-8 mm. long; capsule glabrous.

"Quina cimarrona."

Macrocnemum stylocarpum Karst. Linnaea 30: 149. 1859-60.

Type collected near Bucamaranga, Karsten.

A tree 6 m. high; leaves petiolate, obovate-lanceolate, acute, at
base rounded, submembranaceous, glabrous; stipules obovate,
obtuse, deciduous; inflorescence axillary and terminal, long-pedun-
culate, the flowers pink, short-pedicellate; corolla glabrous; capsule
terete, 2.5 cm. long, glabrous.

7. REMIJIA DC.

Remijia firmula (Mart.) Wedd. Hist. Quinquin. 93. 1849.
Cinchona firmula Mart. Reise Bras. 3: 1286. 1831. Ladenbergia
firmula Klotzsch in Hayne, Arzneigew. sub pi. 15. 1846.

Reported by Schumann (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 156. 1889) from
San Carlos on the Rio Negro, Spruce 2954. Also in Brazil.

Branchlets cmereous-villous; leaves petiolate, oblong, 10-25 cm.
long, acute, attenuate to the base, strigillose beneath, strongly
coriaceous; inflorescences large, axillary, longer than the leaves;

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 17

calyx ferruginous-tomentose, the lobes subulate, very acute; corolla
2 cm. long, the lobes equalling the tube, ferruginous-tomentose
outside, linear-lanceolate; capsule pyriform, 1 cm. long.

Remijia macrophylla (Karst.) B. & H. ex Flueck. Chinarinde
16. 1883. Cinchona macrophylla Karst. Linnaea 30: 151. 1859-60;
Fl. Columb. 1: 71. pi 35. 1859.

Type from the eastern base of the Cordillera of Bogota^ Karsten.

A shrub or small tree 4.5 m. high, the branchlets hirsute; stipules
much longer than the petioles, narrowed and acuminate from a
broad base; leaves petiolate, membranaceous, opposite, ternate or
quaternate, lanceolate, short-acuminate, narrowed at the base,
hirtellous above, beneath pubescent, especially on the nerves, 55 cm.
long and 17 cm. wide; inflorescence axillary, longer than the leaves,
racemose, pubescent, the flowers subsessile; calyx lanate, short,
5-dentate; corolla 2 cm. long, sericeous, the lobes triangular, about
equaling the tube; capsule pilosulous.

Remijia prismatostylis (Karst.) B. & H. ex Flueck. Chinarinde
16. 1883. Cinchona prismatostylis Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: 13. pi. 7.
1858.

Described from the wet mountain forests near Bogota, Guanacas
Pass near Popayan, and the western slope of Volcdn Chile, south of
Pasto, at 1,500-1,800 m., Karsten.

A handsome tree 15-18 m. high with oval crown, the branchlets
puberulent; stipules united into a calyptriform cap, this splitting
along one side; leaves petiolate, coriaceous, oval or elliptic, sub-
cordate, strigose or glabrate above, beneath sericeous or pilosulous;
inflorescence terminal, cymose-paniculate, leafy, puberulent, the
flowers subsessile; calyx puberulent, denticulate; corolla tomentu-
lose, the 5 lobes oval, acute, villosulous within; capsule oblong,
subterete, 7-10 cm. long, 6-8 mm. wide.

"Cascarilla blanca," "azahar."

Remijia Purdieana Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 11: 272. 1849.

Type from hills near Cauvas, Antioquia, Purdie.

Branchlets ferruginous-tomentose; stipules ovate-lanceolate,
acutish, pubescent; leaves oblong, J.5-30 cm. long, 7-15 cm. wide,
abruptly acuminate, at base attenuate, subcoriaceous, glabrate,
when young pilosulous on the nerves; panicles axillary, long-pedun-
culate, subcorymbose, ferruginous-tomentose, the flowers sub-
capitate; hypanthium pilose; calyx lobes 5, lanceolate, subfoliaceous,
pubescent; corolla membranaceous, puberulent, the tube slender,
1 cm. long, the lobes linear, equaling the tube, papillose within.

Remijia Trianae Wernh. Journ. Bot. 52: 225. 1914.
Type from Villavicencio, Plain of San Martin, at 390 m., Triana
3273/1.

18 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

A shrub, the branches ferruginous-villous or densely tomentose;
stipules ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, up to 8 cm. long and 3 cm. wide,
rufous-hispidulous; leaves opposite or ternate, subcoriaceous, elliptic,
up to 40 cm. long and 18 cm. wide, acuminate, narrowed at the base,
glabrate above, hispidulous-villous beneath, especially on the nerves;
inflorescence 35 cm. long, the flowers small; calyx lobes very short,
triangular; corolla tube 8 mm. long, the lobes of the same length;
fruit ovoid, 2.5 cm. long, 1.5 cm. wide, glabrate.

8. LADENBERGIA Klotzsch

Ladenbergia bogotensis (Karst.), comb. nov. Cinchona bogot-
ensis Karst. in Koch & Fint. Wochenschr. 2: 30. 1859; Fl. Columb.
1:83. pi. 41. 1859.

Type from forests of Susumco and Servita, Cordillera of Bogota,
at 1,980-2,130 m., Karsten.

A tree 12-15 m. high, the branchlets glabrous; stipules oval,
connate at the base, minutely pilose; leaves petiolate, oval or elliptic,
30 cm. long and 20 cm. wide or larger, acutish, at the base acute or
narrowed, glabrous above, sparsely pilose beneath on the nerves;
panicles pilosulous, few-flowered, the flowers sessile or short-pedi-
cellate, 5-7-parted; hypanthium tomentulose; calyx glabrate, crenate
or lobed, the lobes broadly triangular; corolla white, 6 cm. long,
sericeous-pilose, the lobes elliptic, acutish, shorter than the tube,
papillose within; capsule 15-17 cm. long, 1 cm. broad, glabrous.

"Azahar," "cascarilla roja," "requeson," "cascarilla boba."

Ladenbergia calycina (Wedd.), comb. nov. Cascarilla calycina
Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 12. 1848.

Described from Colombia. Las Estrellas, western Andes of
Popayan, 1,000-1,500 m., Lehmann 8627 (F).

Stipules free or short-connate; leaves oblong or rounded-ovate,
obtuse at each end, subcoriaceous, glabrous above, ferruginous-
pilose beneath in the axils of the nerves; panicles few-flowered; calyx
lobes rounded, subfoliaceous, slightly imbricate at base.

Ladenbergia heterophylla (Wedd.), comb. nov. Cascarilla
heterophylla Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 10. 1848. Buena heter-
ophylla Wedd. Journ. Linn. Soc. 11: 186. 1869.

Reported from Colombia.

Leaves rounded-ovate, obtuse or acutish, submembranaceous,
often lanceolate, glabrate, or pilosulous beneath on the nerves and in
their axils; stipules free or short-connate; panicles many-flowered;
calyx lobes rounded-ovate, obtuse; capsule very long.

Ladenbergia Hookeriana (Wedd.), comb. nov. Cascarilla
Hookeriana Wedd. Hist. Nat. Quinquin. 91. pi. 24, A. 1849. Buena
Hookeriana Wedd. Journ. Linn. Soc. 11: 187. 1869.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 19

Type collected near Ocafia, Purdie. Without locality, Lehmann
B.T.1225 (K).

Stipules free or short-connate; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, at
the base attenuate, coriaceous, glabrate, when young pubescent-
tomentose beneath; panicles many-flowered, the flowers subcapitate;
calyx teeth triangular-acuminate; capsule large, arcuate.

"Quina clava."

Ladenbergia macrocarpa (Vahl) Klotzsch in Hayne, Arz-
neigew. 14: sub pi. 15. 1846. Cinchona macrocarpa Vahl, Skrivt.
Naturh. Selsk. 1: 20. 1790; Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: 43. pi. 21. 1859.
Cascarilla macrocarpa Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 13. 1848. Buena
macrocarpa Wedd. Journ. Linn. Soc. 11: 187. 1869. Cinchona ovali-
folia Mutis ex Humb. Ges. Naturf. Freund Berlin Mag. 1: 118. 1807.
Cinchona magniflora Pa von ex DC. Prodr. 4: 354. 1830, as syn.

Reported by Karsten from the mountain forests of Bogotd and
Antioquia, at 2,200-2,700 m. Without locality, Ariste-Joseph A866
(W). Eastern llanos, Ariste-Joseph B98 (W). Without locality,
Bonpland (P). Also in Ecuador and Peru.

A tree 12-15 m. high, the branchlets ferruginous-tomentose;
stipules united into a caducous cap, tomentose; leaves petiolate,
oval-elliptic or broadly oval, large, coriaceous, at the base usually
rounded or subcordate, glabrate above, ferruginous-tomentose
beneath or glabrate; panicles terminal, few-flowered, the flowers
sessile or nearly so; calyx teeth short, obtuse; corolla densely seri-
ceous, 5.5 cm. long, the 5-6 lobes about half as long as the tube;
capsule oblong-clavate, 5-8 cm. long, tomentose or glabrate.

"Quino rojo," "quina blanca," "quinquina blanca."

Ladenbergia magnifolia (R. & P.) Klotzsch in Hayne,
Arzneigew. 14: sub pi. 15. 1846. Cinchona magnifolia R. & P. Fl.
Peruv. 2: 53. pi. 196. 1799. Cinchona grandifolia Poir. Encycl. 6:
38. 1804. Cinchona oblongifolia Mutis ex Humb. Ges. Naturf. Freund.
Berlin Mag. 1: 118. 1807. Cinchona nitida Benth. PL Hartw. 190.
1845, not R. & P. 1799. Ladenbergia nitida Klotzsch in Hayne,
Arzneigew. 14: sub pi. 15. 1846. Cascarilla magnifolia Wedd. Ann.
Sci. Nat. III. 10: 10. 1848. Cascarilla nitida Arm. Sci. Nat. III. 10:
11. 1848. Cascarilla oblongifolia Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 12.

1848. Cascarilla magnifolia a vulgaris Wedd. Hist. Nat. Quinq. 79.

1849. (^Cinchona heterocarpa Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: 11. pi. 6. 1858.
C. heterocarpa var. bogotensis Karst., 1. c. 1858. Buena magnifolia
Wedd. Journ. Linn. Soc. 11: 186. 1869. B. nitida Wedd., 1. c. 1869.

Type of Cinchona heterocarpa from Popayan and Pasto, at 1,300-
1,800 m., Karsten; type of C. heterocarpa var. bogotensis from Ubala
and Gachala, Triana. Type of Cinchona nitida collected between
Fusagasuga and Pandi, Hartweg 104.8. El Colegio, Cundinamarca,
Dawe 44 (W.) Pacho, Cundinamarca, 1,400-2,000 m., Lehmann 751 4
(F, W, Y). Bolivia, Cauca, Holton 436 (P, Y). Between Quilichao

20 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

and Popayan, Cauca, 1,700 m., Lehmann 3448 (F, W). Pandi,
Cundinamarca, 1,000-1,900 m., Lehmann 2513 (W). Las Guacas,
Morales, Cauca, 1,600 m., Pennell & Killip 6294 (W, G, Y). Near
Guachinte, Cauca Valley, Dawe 817 (W, Y). East of Neiva, Huila,
1,000-1,300 m., Rusby & Pennell 1053 (Y). Morales, Cauca, 1,700 m.,
Rusby & Pennell 8319 (W). Without locality, Purdie (G). La
Esmeralda, Cauca, 1,200 m., Pittier 933 (W). Armenia, Toro 1316
(Y). Ranging southward to Bolivia.

A tree with cinnamon-brown bark; stipules 2-3 cm. long, free or
slightly connate at the base, acute, sericeous; leaves petiolate, elliptic,
broadly elliptic, or oblong-ovate, 10-30 cm. long, 7-20 cm. wide,
obtuse or acute, at the base acute or rounded, glabrous above,
barbellate beneath in the axils of the veins; inflorescence paniculate,
long-pedunculate; calyx lobes 4-5, triangular-ovate, acute, tomentu-
lose; corolla white, about 1.5 cm. long, the lobes lanceolate, acute,
equaling or shorter than the tube; capsule linear-oblong or lanceolate,
2.5-7 mm. long, 7-10 mm. wide, glabrate.

Called "cascarillo" in Colombia, and "cascarillo amarillo" in Peru.

Ladenbergia muzonensis (Goudot), comb. nov. Cinchona
muzonensis Goudot, Phil. Mag. 132. 1828. Cascaritta muzonensis
Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 11. 1848. Herilea muzonensis Klotzsch
& Karst. ex Walp. Ann. Bot. 2: 788. 1851-52, as syn. H. rosea
Klotzsch & Karst. ex Walp., 1. c., as syn. Buena muzonensis Wedd.
Journ. Linn. Soc. 11: 187. 1869.

Type from forests near Muzo.

Stipules free or short-connate; leaves ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-
lanceolate, acuminate, attenuate at the base, submembranaceous,
glabrous, the costa minutely puberulent; panicles many-flowered,
the flowers subcapitate; calyx teeth very short, obtuse; corolla white;
capsule straight or subarcuate, pubescent-tomentose.

Ladenbergia pedunculata (Karst.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
68: 146. 1889. Cinchona pedunculata Karst. in Koch & Fint. Wochen-
schr. 2: 30. 1859; Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: 53. pi 36, 1859. Remijia
pedunculata Flueck. Chinarinde 17. pi. 6. 1883.

Type from the eastern slopes of the mountains of Bogota, near
Susumuco, at 1,000 m., Karsten. Without locality, in 1882, Lorent
(W).

A small tree 3.5-4.5 m. high, the young branches sericeous;
stipules obovate, longer than the petioles, sericeous-pilose; leaves
petiolate, coriaceous, lanceolate or elliptic, 20 cm. long, acute at
base and apex, when young minutely appressed-pilose, pilose beneath
in the axils of the veins; inflorescence axillary, cymose, long-pedun-
culate, corymbifprm, the branches pilosulous, the flowers subsessile;
calyx lobes 5, triangular, subacute; corolla white, the tube 7-8 mm.
long, the lobes lanceolate, acute, 5 mm. long; capsule lanceolate,
15-18 mm. long, 6-7 mm. wide.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 21

Ladenbergia undata Klotzsch in Hayne, Arzneigew. 14: sub
pi. 15. 1846. Cascarilla undata Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 12. 1848.
Cinchona undata Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: 131. pi. 65. 1861. Buena
undata Wedd. Journ. Linn. Soc. 11: 187. 1869.

Edge of woods, Las Vegas, Santander, 2,600-3,000 m., Killip &
Smith 15990 (W, Y). Reported by Karsten from Ocaiia, at 1,500-
2,000 m. Also in Venezuela.

A tree 8-12 m. high, the branches ferruginous-tomentose; stipules
free or short-connate, hirsute; leaves short-petiolate, thick-coria-
ceous, strongly bullate, elliptic or oval, obtuse or rounded at the
apex, subcordate or rounded at the base, shining and glabrate above,
tomentose beneath, the margins strongly revolute; panicles corymbi-
form, few-flowered, brown-tomentose; calyx lobes large, ovate-
oblong, mostly obtuse; corolla hirsute-sericeous, 3-3.5 cm. long, the
lobes shorter than the tube; capsule oblong, 4-5 cm. long, glabrate.

9. CAPIRONA Spruce

Capirona decorticans Spruce, Journ. Linn. Soc. 3: 200. 1859.
Monadelphanthus floridus Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: 67. pi. 33. 1859.

The type of M. floridus was collected along the Rio Meta near
Jiramene, at 200 m., Karsten. The species occurs also in Peru.

A tree 12-15 m. high; leaves oblong to broadly elliptic, obtuse or
short-acuminate, 20-45 cm. long, glabrous; flowers in large terminal
panicles; corolla red, 2.5-3 cm. long; one of the calyx lobes often
expanded into a large red limb; capsule 2-3 cm. long.

10. SCHIZOCALYX Wedd.

Schizocalyx bracteosus Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 1: 74. 1854.

Type from banks of the Rio Mayo, Goudot.

Leaves ovate-oblong, 7-18 cm. long, 5-8 cm. wide, short-acumi-
nate, acute at the base, glabrate above, puberulent beneath; panicle
shorter than the leaves; flowers short-pediceled, the bracts foliaceous,
ovate; corolla 8 mm. long.

Schizocalyx hirsutus Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 264. 1929.

Type collected between Narino and El Tambor, Santander, in
thickets along trail, at 150-300 m., Killip & Smith 14959 (W).

A tree, the branchlets hirsute; leaves oblanceolate-oblong, 14-24
cm. long, abruptly acuminate, narrowed to the base, sparsely
hirsute above, hirsute beneath with stiff spreading hairs; panicles
large, many-flowered, the flowers pedicellate; hypanthium obconic,
3 mm. long; calyx closed in bud, bilobate in flower, one of the lobes
sometimes expanded into a large white limb 2 cm. long; corolla
glabrous outside, the tube 8 mm. long.

11. CALYCOPHYLLUM DC.

Calycophyllum candidissimum (Vahl) DC. Prodr. 4: 367.
1830. Macrocnemum candidissimum Vahl, Symb. 2: 38. 1791.

22 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VII

Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 414 (F, W, P). Widely distributed
in tropical America.

A medium-sized tree; leaves ovate to rounded-oval, abruptly
acuminate, 5-12 cm. long, nearly glabrous; flowers small, white, in
terminal corymbose panicles; calyces partly with one large foliaceous
petioled white lobe; fruit a cylindric capsule 6-10 mm. long.

In Panama the tree is called "alazano," "harino," "salamo,"
"madrono," and "guayabo alazano." The wood is heavy, strong,
and very fine-grained. It is employed in Central America for making
combs, and burned for charcoal. The tree is an exceptionally beau-
tiful one when in flower, because of the abundance of long-persisting,
white or cream-colored calyx lobes, which give it the appearance of
a huge bouquet.

12. FERDINANDUSA Pohl

Ferdinandusa dissimiliflora (Mutis), comb. nov. Cinchona
dissimiliflora Mutis ex Humb. Ges. Naturf. Freund. Berlin Mag. 1:
120. 1807. Ladenbergia dissimiliflora Klotzsch in Hayne, Arzneigew.
14: sub pi. 15. 1846. GomphosiaGoudotiana Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. III.
10: 14. 1848.

Described from Colombia.

Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, at the base rounded or
subcordate, glabrous above, beneath more or less villous on the
nerves; calyx 5-dentate, the teeth acuminate; capsule lanceolate.

Ferdinandusa guainiae Spruce ex Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
6«: 208. 1889.

Reported by Schumann from the Rio Negro above the mouth of
the Rio Casiquiare, Spruce 3510. Also in Brazil.

Leaves oblong or obovate-oblong, 5-8 cm. long, subobtuse, acute
or rounded at the base, glabrous on both surfaces; calyx obscurely
5-7-denticulate, glabrous; corolla about 4 cm. long, glabrous, the
lobes one-fifth as long as the tube; capsule linear-oblong, glabrous,
3.5-4.5 cm. long.

13. HILLIA Jacq.

Hillia macromeris, sp. nov. — Ramuli validi, glabri; stipulae
caducae, non visae; folia opposita, petiolo crasso 12-16 mm. longo;
lamina coriacea, oblongo-elliptica, 11-15 cm. longa, 5.5-7 cm. lata,
abrupte acuminata, acumine anguste triangulari 1-1.5 cm. longo
attenuate subobtuso, basi obtusa vel acuta, glabra, supra fusco-
viridis, costa prominente, nervis subimpressis, subtus pallidior et
brunnescens, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere
c. 7, gracilibus, prominentibus, angulo acutissimo adscendentibus,
subarcuatis, juxta marginem conjunctis, margine revoluto; flores

•SB

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 23

terminates, sessiles; hypanthium oblongo-turbinatum 7 mm. longum
glabrum, calyce non viso; corolla extus glabra, tubo gracili 14 cm.
longp 4 mm. crasso superne vix dilatato, lobis 5 linearibus c. 10 cm.
longis et 5 mm. latis, longe sensimque attenuatis. — Colombia:
Forests of Santa Maria on Rio Timbiqui, September, 1903, F. C.
Lehmann B.T.416 (Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard., type).

The material available consists of a very short branch with
attached leaves, a few detached leaves, and a single flower. From
H. parasitica Jacq. the present plant differs in the much larger flow-
ers, noteworthy for their very long and narrow corolla lobes, and in
the conspicuously elevated nerves of the leaves.

Hillia parasitica Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 18. 1760.

Santa Marta, 1350 m., H. H. Smith 1654 (F, W, G, M, P, Y).
La Cumbre, El Valle, 1,800-2,100 m., Pennell 5898 (W). Cordillera
Oriental east of Neiva, Huila, 1,800-2,300 m., Rusby & Pennell 868
(Y). La Obrel, Kalbreyer 884 (K). Without locality, Lehmann
K.I 19 (K). Widely distributed in tropical America.

A glabrous epiphytic shrub, sometimes scandent and 7.5 m.
long; leaves petioled, mostly elliptic, 6-14 cm. long, cuspidate-
acuminate; flowers terminal, solitary, sessile; calyx 6-parted or
absent; corolla white, the slender tube 6-10 cm. long.

14. COSMIBUENA R. & P.

Cosmibuena gardenioides Wernh. Journ. Bot. 51: 321. 1913.
Type from Cauca, at 1,460 m., Lehmann 1955.

Leaves elliptic, 11 cm. long, rounded at the base and apex;
calyx 3-3.5 mm. long; corolla tube 4 cm. long.

Cosmibuena grandiflora (R. & P.) Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot.
Gard. 4: 368. 1907. Cinchona grandiflora R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2:
54. pi. 198. 1799. C. obtusifolia R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 3: 3. pi 198.
1802. Buena latifolia Benth. PI. Hartw. 191. 1845. C. latifolia
Klotzsch ex Walp. Repert. Bot. 6: 69. 1846. C. arborea Standl.
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 447. 1914.

Rio Surata Valley, Santander, 1,500-1,800 m., Killip & Smith
16424 (W, Y). Espejuelo, Cauca, 1,000 m., Pittier 985 (W; type
of C. arborea). Between Piedras and Ibague", 1,100 m., Andre 1976
(Y). La Paila, Holton 438 (Y, P), 439 (G). Teta, Lehmann B.T.355
Y). Estuary of the Yurumagui and Maya, Lehmann 8873 (Y).
_, Cauca, 1,000-1,300 m., Lehmann B.T.1171 (Y). Without
locality, Triana 1818 (K). Santa Marta, November, 1844, Purdie
(K). Without locality, Bruchmuller (K). The type of B. latifolia was
collected between Villeta and Guaduas. The species occurs also in
Peru and Bolivia.

24 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

A glabrous tree 5-12 m. high; leaves petioled, elliptic, oval, or
oblong-elliptic, rounded or very obtuse at the apex; calyx about 1
cm. long; corolla white or ochroleucous, the tube 5-9 cm. long.

It is doubtful whether the other species listed here are distinct
from C. grandiflora. I have not seen type material of them, and the
descriptions do not mention any characters which seem very impor-
tant. The corolla evidently exhibits great variation in length.

Cinchona grandiflora was described from Peru, but Ruiz and
Pavon cite also specimens from Colombia, collected near Quebrada
Larga by Sebastian Jose" Lopez Ruiz. They give the vernacular
names as "mestiza," "azuceno," "capecape," "capecito," and "cape
negro." Lehmann reports the vernacular name as "narciso."

Cosmibuena macrocarpa (Benth.) Klotzsch ex Walp. Repert.
Bot. 6: 69. 1846. Buena macrocarpa Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 104.
pi. 38. 1844. C. gorgonensis Wernh. Journ. Bot. 51: 321. 1913.

Type from Gorgona Island. Type of C. gorgonensis also from the
same island, Barclay 919.

A glabrous tree; leaves oval-elliptic, obtuse, cuneate at the base,
7.5-10 cm. long; calyx 3 mm. long; corolla whitish, the tube 5 cm.
long; capsule 7.5-10 cm. long.

Both species names are based on material from the same island,
and the distinguishing characters given for C. gorgonensis do not
seem to be of specific importance, in consideration of the variation
in material referred to C. grandiflora.

15. COUTAREA Aubl.

Coutarea hexandra (Jacq.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 196.
1889. Portlandia hexandra Jacq. Sel. Stirp. 63. pi. 182, f. 20. 1763.
C. speciosa Aubl. PL Guian. 314. pi. 122. 1775. C. Scherffiana Andre",
111. Hort. 25: 120. pi. 321. 1878.

Cartagena, Bro. Heriberto 101 (W). Barranquilla, Bro. Paul 24
(W). Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 349 (F, W, P). Villavicencio, 450
m., Pennell 1401 (W). Buenavista, east of Since, Pennell 4008 (W).
Turbaco, Bro. Heriberto 486 (W); Killip & Smith 14198 (W, Y).
Usiacuri, 250 m., Bro. Elias 279 (W). Type from Cartagena. Type
of C. Scherffiana from Pasto, Andre. Widely distributed in tropical
America.

A shrub or small tree, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; leaves
short-petiolate, oblong to broadly ovate or elliptic, short-acuminate,
glabrous or nearly so; flowers terminal, usually in clusters of 2-3;
calyx lobes 6, linear; corolla asymmetric, white to purplish, 4-5 cm.
long, glabrous or puberulent; capsule about 3.5 cm. long.

The vernacular name "madiagola" is reported from Turbaco.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 25

Coutarea hexandra var. pubescens (Pohl) Schum. in Mart.
Fl. Bras. 66: 198. 1889. C. pubescens Pohl, PI. Bras. Icon. 2: 148.
pi. 200. 1831.

Rio Cabrera, Tolima, 1,400 m., Lehmann 2366 (W). Rio Cabrera
to Villavieja, Huila, 500 m., Rusby & Pennell 870 (W, Y). Without
locality, Lehmann 8651 (G). Guaduas to Villita, 1,500 m., Andre 675
(K). Cauca, Andre 2923 (W, Y). North of Arjona, Bolivar, 30-50
m., Kittip & Smith 14553 (Y). Widely distributed in South America.

Sometimes a tree of 10-12 m.; like the typical form except that
the leaves and flowers are densely pubescent.

Coutarea Lindeniana Baill. Adansonia 12: 300. 1879.

Ocafia, in savannas, 1,200 m., Schlim 696 (K). Espiritu Santo,
Ocana, Purdie (K). Also in Venezuela.

A small tree; leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic, petiolate, acumi-
nate, glabrous or sometimes velvety-pubescent beneath; cymes
dense, many-flowered; calyx lobes elongate, linear-subulate; corolla
white, tinged with pink outside, 2.5-3.5 cm. long.

16. HENRIQUEZIA Spruce

Henriquezia oblonga Spruce ex Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 22:
297. 1859.

Type from the banks of the Rio Atabapo near the mouth of the
Rio Casiquiari, Spruce 3702.

A small tree 6 m. high; leaves petiolate, elongate-oblong or
subovate-oblong, obtuse or acutish, 12-14 cm. long, 4-4.5 cm. wide,
glabrous, shining above, paler and dull beneath; capsule suborbic-
ular, 7-8 cm. in diameter.

17. POGONOPUS Klotzsch

Pogonopus speciosus (Jacq.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66:
265. 1889. Macrocnemum speciosum Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. 1: 19.
1797. Howardia grandiflora Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 1: 70. 1854.

Santa Marta, 45 m., H. H. Smith 100 (F, W, P). Rio Frio,
Santa Marta, Walker 1277 (F, W). Armenia, Toro 540 (Y). Also
in Venezuela and Central America.

A large shrub or small tree; leaves short-petioled, obovate or
oval-obovate, 10-20 cm. long, abruptly acuminate, thin, sparsely or
densely puberulent beneath; cymes forming a terminal panicle; one
calyx lobe of some of the flowers expanded into a red rounded-ovate
limb 1-5 cm. long; capsule 5-7 mm. long.

Pogonopus tubulosus (DC.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66:
265. 1889. Calycophyllum tubulosum DC. Prodr. 4: 367. 1830.

Rio Sucio to Dabeiba, Lehmann 7459 (K). Ranging to Brazil,
Argentina, and Bolivia.

26 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

A tree 10-15 m. high; leaves short-petioled, ovate, obovate, or
elliptic, short-acuminate, densely pubescent or glabrate; cymes
forming terminal panicles; one of the calyx lobes in some flowers
expanded into a red ovate limb 7-10 cm. long; corolla about 3.5 cm.
long, the 5 lobes very short; capsule 7-9 mm. long, compressed-
globose, rounded at the base, glabrous, 7 mm. long.

18. CONDAMINEA DC.

Condaminea corymbosa (R. & P.) DC. Prodr. 4: 402. 1830.
Macrocnemum corymbosum R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 48. pi. 189. 1799.

Rio Coello, Tolima, 1,000-1,500 m., Kittip 9735 (W). Calinia,
El Valle, Killip 11199 (W). Titiribi, Toro 421 (Y). Ibague", 1,300
m., Andre 1955 (Y). Reported from Mariquita and Santa Ana,
Bonpland (HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 299. 1830). Also in Peru, the
type region, and Panama.

A shrub or small tree with very large, oblong or obovate, nearly
sessile, usually clasping, glabrous leaves; inflorescence terminal,
long-pedunculate, as long as the leaves; calyx 8 mm. long, truncate
or irregularly dentate; corolla glabrous, 2.5 cm. long; capsule bisul-
cate, about 17 mm. long.

19. RUSTIA Klotzsch

Rustia rosea (Klotzsch & Karst.) Schum. in E. & P. Nat.
Pflanzenfam. 44: 18. 1891. Henlea rosea Klotzsch & Karst. ex
Walp. Ann. Dot. 2: 788. 1851-52, as syn.

This is listed by Schumann (1. c.) as a valid species of Riistia,
but it has not been described, so far as I know. The name is listed
by Walpers merely as a synonym of Cascarilla muzonensis.

Rustia occidentalis (Benth.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot.
2: 14. 1881. Exostema occidentale Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 104. 1844.

Type from Gorgona Island. Buenaventura, El Valle, in coastal
thickets, Killip 11707 (W, Y). Also in Central America.

A glabrous tree; leaves oblanceolate, 10-30 cm. long, long-
acuminate, attenuate to the base; flowers in narrow few-flowered
panicles; corolla salverform, the tube 6-7 mm. long; capsule obovoid,
10-14 mm. long.

Rustia splendens (Karst.), comb. nov. Henlea splendens Karst.
Fl. Columb. 1: 157. pi. 78. 1861.

Type from Jiramene, Karsten. Without locality, Purdie (G).

A nearly glabrous tree up to 9 m. high; leaves short-petiplate,
obovate-oblong or obovate, 20-35 cm. long, abruptly short-acuminate;
flowers in a large terminal panicle; calyx cupular, truncate or ob-
scurely denticulate; corolla 2.5 cm. long, the lobes very short.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 27

20. WARSGEWICZIA Klotzsch

Warscewiczia coccinea (Vahl) Klotzsch, Monatsb. Akad.
Berlin 1853: 497. 1853. Macrocnemum coccineum Vahl, Symb.,Bot.
2: 38. 1791.

Susumuco, 1,240 m., Andre 1008 (Y). Rio Dagua, Buenaventura,
Lehmann 5804 (F). Between Chinacota and La Esmeralda, Norte
de Santander, 1,000-1,300 m., Killip & Smith 20900 (W). Upper
Rio Lebrija Valley, Santander, 400-700 m., Killip & Smith 16272
(W). Between Narino and El Tambor, 150-300 m., Killip & Smith
14968 (W). Occurring also in Panama, and widely distributed in
South America.

A shrub or small tree; leaves petioled, obovate or obovate-oblong,
15-60 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate, pubescent or glabrate
beneath; cymes forming a long narrow inflorescence; one of the
calyx lobes in some of the flowers expanded into an oblong or elliptic
limb 3.5-7 cm. long; corolla yellow.

Warscewiczia peltata Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 1: 73. 1854.

Type collected in Colombia by Goudot.

A tree 8 m. high; leaves ovate-oblong, short-acuminate, peltate,
25-40 cm. long, pubescent beneath; cymes arranged in a raceme 50
cm. long; expanded calyx lobe elliptic-lanceolate, 5-7 cm. long.

21. SICKINGIA Willd.

Sickingia cordifolia Hook. f. in B. & H. Gen. PI. 2: 34. 1873.
Flexanthera subcordata Rusby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7: 368. /. 6.
1927.

Santa Marta, Purdie (photo, and fragment of type from Herb.
Kew., F; dupl. in G). East of Bonda, H. H. Smith 2404 (F, M, P,
type collection of F. subcordata). Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 92
(F, M, P).

A tree 12 m. high; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or oblong-ovate,
10-25 cm. long, acuminate, at the base rounded or cordate, glabrous;
flowers in small, short-pedunculate, dense panicles shorter than the
leaves; calyx lobes rounded; corolla 6 mm. long, the lobes very
short, ovate-triangular; stamens exserted; capsule 1.5 cm. long or
larger.

Sickingia Goudotii (Baill.), comb. nov. Chimarrhis Goudotii
Baill. Adansonia 12: 307. 1879.

Described from Quindio and Tolima, Goudot.

Leaves acuminate, at the base long-attenuate, finely tomentose
beneath; panicles terminal, 25 cm. long; corolla lobes short; stamens
exserted.

Sickingia myriantha, sp. nov. — Arbor 12-15-metralis, ramulis
subteretibus vel obtuse tetragonis brunnescentibus glabris, inter-

28 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

nodiis brevibus vel elongatis; stipulae in tubum 2-4 mm. longum
subtruncatum vel brevissime bilobum connatae, glabrae; folia
opposita, petiolo 1-3 cm. longo glabro gracili; lamina obovata,
obovato-oblonga vel rarius oblongo-elliptica, 8-20 cm. longa, 3.5-
8.5 cm. lata, abrupte breviterque acuminata, rarius acuta vel sensim
acuminata, basin versus attenuata vel acuta, crasse membranacea
vel subcoriacea, fere concolor, subtus in axillis nervorum primariorum
dense breviterque barbata, aliter glabra, costa nervisque supra non
elevatis, subtus prominentibus, costa gracili, neryis lateralibus
utrpque latere c. 12, gracilibus, angulo lato adscendentibus, parallelis,
levissime curvatis, prope marginem arcuato-cqnjunctis, nervulis
obscuris; inflorescentia terminalis, cymoso-paniculata, 9-20 cm.
longa et lata, ramosa, breviter vel longe pedunculate, ramulis
minute sparseque puberulis, bracteis anguste triangularibus acutis
1-3 mm. longis, floribus sessilibus; hypanthium 1 mm. longum
glabrum; calyx 0.5 mm. longus obsolete remoteque denticulatus,
dentibus latissimis rotundatis; corolla alba, extus glabra, tubulpso-
campanulata, 4 mm. longa, 3.5 mm. lata, lobis 5 late triangularibus
obtusis c. 0.6 mm. longis, tubo intus paullp supra basin ad insertionem
staminum barbato; filamenta ad basin pilosa, superne glabra,
antheris exsertis glabris oblongis 1.5 mm. longis. — Colombia: Las
Nubes road, region of Santa Marta, alt. 1,200 m., December 3,
1898, H. H. Smith 1810 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 138,660, type;
duplicates in W, Y). La Cumbre, El Valle, 1,550-1,700 m., Pennell
5028 (W, Y), 5859 (W, Y). Without locality, Lehmann 7692 (K, W).
Highlands of Popayan, 1,700-2,000 m., Lehmann 5535 (F, K, S, W).
Popayan, 1,700 m., Lehmann 2799 (K, W). Tolima, Goudot (K).
Paniquita, Lehmann B.T.I 112 (Y).

22. RONDELETIA L.

Rondeletia brevipes Benth. PI. Hartw. 191. 1845.

Type from Guaduas, Prov. Bogota, Hartweg 1050.

Petioles scarcely 2 mm. long; stipules linear, longer than the
petiole; leaf blades oval-elliptic or oblong-elliptic, obtuse, soft-
pubescent beneath; flowers 5-parted, cymose-paniculate, the panicles
leafy; corolla tube 4 mm. long, tomentose; seeds appendaged at each
end.

According to the description, this seems to be closely related to
R. pubescens HBK.

Rondeletia colombiana Rusby, Descr. N. Sp. S. Amer. PI.
129. 1920. R. ovata Rusby, 1. c.

Sierra de Onaca, 1,500 m., H. H. Smith 1813 (Y, type; F, W,
M, S, P). Las Nubes, 1,350 m., H. H. Smith 1813 (Y, type of
R. ovata). Growing in forest or thickets.

A small tree 4.5-6 m. high; stipules lance-subulate or ovate-
acuminate, about 1 cm. long; petioles 1-2.5 cm. long; leaf blades
elliptic or ovate, 10-20 cm. long, acuminate, sparsely or densely

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 29

appressed-pilose; flowers 4-parted, in loose panicles; calyx lobes
linear or lance-linear, 3-5 mm. long; hypanthium appressed-pilose;
corolla pink, the tube 12 mm. long, very sparsely tomentose.

With regard to R. colombiana and R. ovata, their author makes
the statement that "the two species are, however, obviously distinct,
though closely related." The present writer is unable to find any
tangible difference between the two type specimens, which were
considered by their collector to represent the same plant.

Rondeletia cupreiflora Schum. & Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Engler
40: 314. 1908.

Thickets near Anfoquia, 1,700-2,000 m., Lehmann 7289 (F, Y,
type collection). Also in Ecuador.

A shrub or small tree 5 m. high; stipules triangular, acute, 5-6
mm. long; leaf blades oblong, 7-14 cm. long, 2.5-5.5 cm. wide, acumi-
nate, at the base acute, sparsely pilose beneath; flowers 4-parted,
in corymbiform panicles; hypanthium subtomentose; calyx lobes
lance-subulate, nearly equaling the hypanthium; corolla copper-red,
20-30 mm. long, puberulent.

Rondeletia discolor HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 396. 1820.

Type collected between Mariquita and Honda, Bonpland.

A shrub, the branches glabrous; stipules linear-subulate, glabrous;
petioles 4-6 mm. long; leaf blades ovate-oblong, 5 cm. long, acumi-
nate, glabrous above, white-tomentose beneath; flowers about 2.5
cm. long, 4-parted, in terminal sessile panicles; calyx lobes ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate-subulate, spreading; corolla red; seeds angled.

Rondeletia disperma Jacq. Sel Stirp. 59. 1763.

The type material was collected in the vicinity of Cartagena,
on the islands of Baru and Tierra Bomba. Since the fruit is described
as 2-celled with one seed in each cell, evidently the plant is not a
Rondeletia, and its proper position is unknown.

Rondeletia eriantha Benth. PI. Hartw. 192. 1845.
Between Villeta and Guaduas, Prov. Bogota, Hartweg 1051 (Y,
type collection).

A shrub 2.5-3.5 m. high; stipules lance-subulate; leaves sub-
sessile, oblong-obovate, 7-10 cm. long, acute or acuminate, narrowed
to the rounded or subcordate base, appressed-pilose beneath along
the nerves or glabrate; flowers 5-parted, forming a large corymbi-
form panicle; calyx lobes ovate, acutish; corolla tube 8 mm. long,
densely retrorse-pilose; seeds acute at each end.

Rondeletia euryphylla, sp. — Arbor parva, ramulis gracilibus
vel crassiusculis, subteretibus vel obtuse tetragonis, densissime pilis

30 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

subrigidis adpressis vel adscendentibus fulvis vel brunnescentibus
pilosis, internodiis brevibus vel elongatis; stipulae 5-9 mm. longae,
e basi triangulari subulato-acuminatae, erectae, rigidae, persistentes,
extus dense adpresso-pilosae; folia opposita, petiolo crassiusculo
3-7 mm. longo dense adpresso-piloso; lamina late ovata, ovato-
elliptica vel rarius ovato-oblonga, 5.5-13 cm. longa, 2-6 cm. lata,
abrupte sensimve acuminata, vel longiacuminata, basi acuta vel
abrupte acuminata, rarius obtusa, crasse membranacea, supra
viridis, dense pilis brevibus patulis vel subadpressis asperulo-pilosa,
nervis prominentibus, subtus dense molliterque pilis crassiusculis
albidis pilosa, costa crassiuscula elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque
latere 11-13, prominentibus, gracilibus, angulo lato adscendentibus,
arcuatis, parallelis, juxta marginem conjunctis, nervulis prominen-
tibus transversis et subparallelis reticulato-conjunctis; flores tetra-
meri in paniculam 4-9 cm. longam et 6-10 cm. latam trichotomam
dense multifloram apice rqtundatam dispositi, ramulis adscendenti-
bus vel patulis dense pilis adscendentibus crassiusculis pilosis,
bracteis linearibus vel subulatis 4-10 mm. longis, ramulis plerumque
secundifloris, pedicellis plerumque 1-3 mm. longis; hypanthium 2
mm. longum, late oblongum, pilis longiusculis subadpressis dense
indutum; calyx 4-partitus, laciniis 2-3 mm. (in fructu ad 5 mm.)
longis, linearibus, lanceolatis vel anguste triangularibus, acutis vel
obtusis, extus adpressp-pilosis, intus glabris, saepe reflexis; corolla
alba, extus pilis brevibus albidis adscendentibus dense induta et
saepe plus minusve tomentosa, tubo 7-8 mm. longo, 1.5 mm. lato,
superne yix dilatato, lobis rotundatis, 2.5-3 mm. longis, saepe
crispulis, intus minute puberulis vel fere glabris; capsula subglobosa,
5 mm. longa, fusco-brunnea, pubescens vel glabrata; semina numero-
sissima, minuta, angulata. — Colombia; Bele"n, Dept. Caldas, alt.
1,500-1,700 m., September 15, 1922, Francis W. Pennell 10627
(U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,140,701, type). Titiribi, near Medellin,
Toro 523 (Y). Girardote, Toro 7^9 (Y). Without locality, Goudot
(K). Salgar, Toro 1283 (Y).

Toro 749, a fruiting specimen, differs from the other collections
in its smaller leaves, laxer inflorescence, and longer calyx lobes, but
it is probably only a variant from the typical form. R. euryphylla is
easily recognized by the abundant, soft or somewhat rough pubes-
cence of the leaves, and by the complete absence of tomentum except
sometimes on the corolla.

Rondeletia glabrata, sp. nov. — Frutex 1.5-2.5 m. altus,
ramulis gracilibus teretibus cinnamomeis glabratis, internodiis
2.5-5.5 cm. longis; stipulae e basi triangulari longe sensimque
attenuato-acuminatae, 7-9 mm. longae, erectae, persistentes, brun-
nescentes, glabratae; folia opposita, petiolo gracili 5-9 mm. longo
supra anguste sulcato glabrato; lamina ovata vel oblongo-qvata,
7.5-13.5 cm. longa, 2.5-5 cm. lata, longe sensimque acuminata,
acumine angusto, basi acutiuscula vel abrupte breviterque acuta,

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 31

crasse membranacea, utrinque glabra vel in statu juvenili subtus
ad nervos sparse arachnoideo-tomentulosa, lucida, supra viridis,
subtus paullo pallidior, costa nervisque gracilibus, supra conspicuis
sed non elevatis, subtus prominentibus, nervis lateralibus utroque
latere c. 12, angulo lato adscendentibus, valde arcuatis, parallelis,
juxta marginem conjunctis, nervulis prominulis subparallelis et
reticulato-conjunctis; flores tetrameri in paniculam rotundatam 9
cm. longam et 10 cm. latam trichotomam laxam multifloram 5 cm.
longe pedunculatam basi foliis 2 c. 5.5 cm. longis fulcratam dispositi,
cymulis 3-5-floris, pedicellis 2-6 mm. longis minute sparseque tomen-
tulosis vel glabratis; hypanthium late oblongum 2 mm. longum
sparse tomentulosum; calyx 4-partitus, laciniis linearibus viridibus
2-4 mm. longis, extus sparse minuteque tomentulosis vel glabratis,
intus glabris; corolla extus sparse et adpresse arachnoideo-tomen-
tulosa, tubo gracili 14-15 mm. longo superne vix dilatato et 2 mm.
lato, lobis 4 rotundatis saepe crispulis intus glabris, extus fere glabris,
2.5-3 mm. longis; capsula subglobosa 3 mm. longa costata glabrata.
— Colombia: In woods between Piedecuesta and Las Vegas, Dept.
Santander, alt. 2,000-2,500 m., December 19-24, 1926, E. P. Killip
and Albert C. Smith 15504 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,351,375, type;
duplicate in Y), 15482 (W, Y).

Corolla "red" or "pinkish red."

This species is well marked by the glabrous leaves and long red
corolla.

Rondeletia inconstans, sp. noy. — Frutex vel arbor parva 2-4.5
m. alta, ramulis gracilibus vel crassiusculis, subteretibus vel obtuse
tetragonis, ferrugineo-brunneis, statu juvenili laxe arachnoideo-
tomentosis, cito glabratis, internodiis elongatis; stipulae 6-20 mm.
longae, persistentes, anguste oblongae, apice obtusae vel rotundatae
et mucronatae vel cuspidatae, glabratae, erectae, brunnescentes;
folia opposita, petiolo valido 5-14 mm. longo tomentoso vel glabrato;
lamina ovata, elliptico-ovata vel oblongo-elliptica, 8-20 cm. longa,
4-9 cm. lata, abrupte acuminata, basi abnipte acuta vel acuminata,
rarius obtusa vel rotundata, crasse membranacea, statu juvenili
utrinque laxe cinereo-tomentosa, supra cito glabrata, viridis, nervis
prominulis, subtus glabrata vel ad nervos arachnoideo-tomentosa,
rarius in tota superficie arachnoideo-tomentosa, costa nervisque
gracilibus prominentibus, nervis lateralibus utroque latere 9-15,
angulo lato vel angusto adscendentibus, curvis, prope marginem
conjunctis, nervulis transversis saepe prominentibus et parallelis,
reticulato-conjunctis; flores tetrameri, in paniculam terminalem
sessilem vel pedunculatam dispositi, paniculis laxe ramosis trichoto-
mis ad 12 cm. longis, ramulis albido-tomentosis vel glabris, bracteis
linearibus vel oblongis 2-8 mm. longis, cymulis densis, floribus
sessilibus vel ad 3 mm. longe pedicullatis; hypanthium ovale 2
mm. longum dense albo-tomentosum; calyx 4-partitus, laciniis
oblongis vel lineari-lanceolatis, 1.5 mm. (in fructu ad 3 mm.) longis,
acutis vel obtusiusculis, extus sparse tomentulosis, intus glabris;

32 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

corolla rosea extus laxe vel dense albido-tomentosa, tubo gracili
8-14 mm. longo, superne paullo ampliato, lobis 4 rotundatis 2 mm.
longis crispulis, intus glabris capsula subglobosa 4-5 mm. longa,
tomentulosa vel glabrata, costata; semina numerosissima, minuta,
angulata. — Colombia: Quetame, Pipiral, eastern Andes of Bogota,
alt. 1,000-1,600 m., July, 1897, F. C. Lehmann 8751 (Herb. Field
Mus. No. 578,284, type; duplicates in W and S). Andes of Antio-
quia, 1,400-1,700 m., Lehmann 5156 (F, W, S). Villavicencio(?), Andre
K.1098 (Y). Mindo(?), Andre K.1099 (Y). Buenavista to Pipiral,
Cundinamarca, 1,000-1,200 m., Pennell 1683 (W, Y). Charta,
Santander, 2,000-2,600 m., Killip & Smith 19100 (W. Y). California,
Santander, 2,300 m., Killip & Smith 17074 (W, Y). Toledo, Norte
de Santander, 1,700-1,900 m., Killip & Smith 20084 (W, Y). Forests
of Rio Palace", highlands of Popayan, 1,500-1,700 m., Lehmann
B.T.394 (G, Y). Without locality, Andre 1097 (K).— Venezuela:
Upper Cotiza, near Caracas, in light forest, 1,350 m., Pittier 9837
(W, G), 7403 (W), 71 92 (W). Between Maracay and Choroni,
1,200 m., Fendkr 1994 (G, K, M). Los Castillitos, above Caracas,
1,300-1,500 m., Pittier 9181 (W, G, Y). Caracas, 900-1,200 m.,
A. G. Bailey 31 (K). Middle Cotiza, near Caracas, in savannas,
1,000-1,400 m., Pittier 8045 (W). Ojo de Agua, 1,500 m., Eggers
13419 (W). Cotiza, 1,200 m., John (W).

The corolla is described as "red," "pale carmine," and "tube
pink, lobes white, pink-tinged."

The specimens cited are variable in size of corolla and in leaf
pubescence. It may well be that they represent more than a single
species, but the material at hand is not sufficiently extensive to
enable one to determine the importance of the variations. Either all
the material represents one species, or else it should be separated
into three to five, and the propriety of such a separation is very
doubtful under present conditions.

R. inconstans agrees in most details with the description of
R. orthoneura Schum. & Krause, but in that the flowers are said to
be pentamerous.

Rondeletia orthoneura Schum. & Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Engler
40: 314. 1908.

Type reported as from Colombia, Warscewicz 622.

Stipules ovate-oblong, 6-8 mm. long; petioles 3-6 mm. long;
leaf blades elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 6-14 cm. long, acuminate, at
the base acutish or rounded, villous-tomentose when young, in age
arachnoid-pilose; flowers 5-parted, the panicle long-pedunculate;
calyx lobes linear, 2 mm. long, acute; corolla tube 12-15 mm. long,
tomentose.

It is quite possible that the type of this species is from Panama
rather than Colombia.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 33

Var. angustior Schum. & Krause, op. cit. 315, has narrower
leaves than the typical form. The type is Triana 1779 from Colombia.

Rondeletia pubescens HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 396. pi. 291
1820.

Type collected between Mariquita and Honda, Bonpland. Honda,
Tolima, 300-500 m., Pennell 3558 (F, W, G, Y, M). Quebrada de
Angeles to Rio Cabrera, Huila, 450 m., Rusby & Pennell 341 (W,
Y). Natagaima, Huila, 450 m., Rusby & Pennell 1155 (F, W, G,
Y, M). Below Boca Saldana, Huila, 400 m., Rusby & Pennell
1209 (G, Y). Piedras, 800 m., Andre 1911 (Y). Without locality,
Linden 1170 (G). Rio Paez, Tolima, 1,000-1,500 m., Lehmann 5775
(F). Honda and La Yegua, Tolima, 100-500 m., Lehmann 7334 (F).
Prov. Antioquia, Kalbreyer 1914 (K). On plains and hillsides, or
sometimes in forest.

A shrub; stipules lance-subulate, usually shorter than the petioles;
leaf blades oblong, obtuse or acutish, glabrate above, densely
grayish-pubescent beneath; flowers usually 5-parted, yellowish
white, in large leafy panicles; hypanthium whitish-puberulent;
calyx lobes lanceolate or oblong, acute or obtuse; corolla tube about
5 mm. long; seeds acute at each end.

Rondeletia Purdiei Hook. f. in Curtis' Bot. Mag. pi. 5669.
1867.

Santa Marta, Purdie (G, type collection). Near Bonda, 45 m.,
H. H. Smith 319 (F, W, G, Y, M, P). Near Masinga, 75 m., H. H.
Smith 320 (F, W, G, Y, P, M). Torrecilla, near Turbaco, Bolivar,
150-300 m., Killip & Smith 14263 (W, Y), 14628 (W, Y), 14397
(W, Y). Cartagena, Bro. Heriberto 28 (W), 87 (W, Y), 133 (W).
Foothills of Cordillera de Santa Marta, near Rio Frio, Pittier 1721
(W, Y). Cartagena to Turbaco, Goudot (K). Without locality,
Funcke & Schlim 720 (Y). In thickets or dry forest.

A shrub or small tree; stipules broadly triangular, subulate-
acuminate; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-obovate to oblong or ovate-
oblong, mostly obtuse, attenuate or acuminate at the base, nearly
glabrous; flowers white, in dense rounded panicles; hypanthium
appressed-pubescent; calyx lobes ovate or elliptic, obtuse or acute;
corolla tube 8-9 mm. long, sparsely appressed-pubescent; seeds
attenuate at each end.

Called "coral" at Turbaco.

Rondeletia reflexa Benth. PI. Hartw. 192. 1845. Arachnothryx
reflexa Planch. Fl. Serres 5: sub pi. 442. 1849.

Type collected near Villeta, Prov. Bogotd, Hartweg 1052. Bogota,
Ariste-Joseph A857 (W). Caracoli near Honda, Andre 540 (K).

A shrub 1.5-2.5 m. high; stipules subulate; leaves short-petiolate,
ovate to oval, acuminate to obtuse, glabrate above, finely and densely
whitish-tomentose beneath; flowers 4-parted, in terminal leafy

34 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Eanicles; hypanthium densely white-tomentose; calyx lobes lanceo-
ite or oblong, acute, reflexed in fruit; corolla tube 12 mm. long,
laxly tomentose.

Rondeletia rhynchospora HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 395. 1820.
Type from Honda, Bonpland.

A shrub; stipules linear, sericeous, slightly shorter than the
petioles; leaves oblong-elliptic, 7 cm. long or more, acute, slightly
narrowed at the base, pubescent above, grayish-tomentose beneath,
reticulate-veined; flowers in terminal trichotomous panicles; capsule
subglobose, pubescent; seeds appendaged at each end.

Rondeletia rosea (Linden), comb. nov. Arachnothryx rosea
Linden, Hort. Linden No. 2. 1859.

Described from cultivated plants grown at Brussels, and brought
from Colombia by Schlim.

Leaves ovate or ovate-elliptic, short-petiolate, acute at the base
and apex, glabrate above, cinereous-puberulent beneath on the
nerves; flowers in terminal panicled cymes, short-pedicellate; calyx
lobes triangular-subulate; whole inflorescence appressed cinereous-
pubescent; corolla pink, puberulent, the 4 lobes ovate, obtuse.

The description and colored plate of this plant are so indefinite
that it is difficult to decide whether they really apply to any Colom-
bian species of which material is available.

Rondeletia rugulosa, sp. nov. — Ramuli subteretes, ferrugineo-
brunnei, novellis albido-tomentosis, vetustioribus pilis adscendentibus
rigidis fulvis hirsutis, internodiis elongatis; stipulae oblongo-tri-
angulares, 10-12 mm. longae, acuminatae, erectae, brunneae, extus
sparse tomentosae et adpresso-pilosae, persistentes; folia opposita,
petiolo valido 4-8 mm. longo hirsute et interdum tomentoso; lamina
oblongo-elliptica vel ovato-elliptica, 8-14 cm. longa, 3.5-6 cm. lata,
longiacuminata, basi acuta vel anguste rotundata, crasse membran-
acea, supra yiridis, statu juvenili laxe arachnoideo-tomentosa, cito
glabrata, reticulato-rugulosa, nervis impressis, subtus dense tomen-
tosa, interdum dense albo-tomentosa, ad nervos adpresso-pilosa,
costa nervisque gracilibus elevatis, nervis lateralibus utroque latere
c. 12, angulo lato adscendentibus, curvis, prope marginem conjunctis,
nervulis transversis crebris parallelis anastomosantibus; flores
tetrameri in paniculam terminalem sessilem 16 cm. longam dispositi,
panicula laxe ramosa, ramulis albo-tomentosis, floribus congestis
sessilibus vel brevissime pedicellatis, bracteis subulatis 2 mm.
longitudinem vix superantibus; hypanthium dense albo-tomentosum
ovali-obovatum 2 mm. longum; calyx 4-partitus, lobis 1.5-2 mm.
longis, erectis vel patulis, lanceolato-oblongis, acutis, extus tomen-
tosis, intus glabris; corolla extus laxe albo-tomentosa, infra lobos
pilis brevibus rigidis adpresso-pilosa, tubo gracili 1 cm. longo superne

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 35

paullo ampliato, lobis 4 patulis rotundatis 2 mm. longis intus glabris.
— Colombia: Without locality, /. Linden 692 (Gray Herb., type;
duplicate in K). Santa Marta, Purdie (G, K).

The Purdie specimens differ in having a denser and whiter
tomentum on the lower leaf surface. R. rugulosa probably is related
to R. discolor HBK., but in that the flowers are described as being
about 2.5 cm. long.

Rondeletia Schumanniana Krause (Bot. Jahrb. Engler 40:
315. 1908), although cited from Colombia, was collected in Veraguas,
Panama.

Rondeletia sp.(?) Petesia tomentosa Jacq. Sel. Stirp. 18. 1763.

Type from Cartagena, Jacquin.

This has been referred with doubt to the genus Rondeletia, but
the description does not agree with any of the species known from
the Atlantic coast.

23. SIPANEA Aubl.
Sipanea biflora L. f. Suppl. PI. 134. 1781.

Reported by Schumann (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 252. 1889) as
collected along the Orinoco near Maypures, Spruce 3620. Also in
the Guianas and Brazil.

A low herb, the slender stems often prostrate, puberulent; leaves
ovate or elliptic, acute, 2-4.5 cm. long, glabrous above, appressed-
pilose beneath; flowers axillary; calyx lobes subulate, glabrous, 3-4
mm. long; corolla 1.5 cm. long, glabrous, the lobes oblong, obtuse;
capsule subglobose, 4 mm. in diameter.

Sipanea colombiana Wernh. Journ. Bot. 55: 174. 1917.

Type from Crecenoche, Prov. Ocana, alt. 270 m., Schlim 548.
Plains of the Rio Guatique and Rio Meta, 100-300 m., Lehmann
8758 (F). Lower Magdalena, Dawe 445 (W).

An erect, densely pubescent herb; leaves sessile or nearly so,
oblong or oblong-elliptic, 2-4 cm. long, obtuse or acute; flowers in
small dense cymes; calyx lobes linear, 2.5-4 mm. long; corolla white,
the slender tube 9-14 mm. long, nearly glabrous; capsule 3-4 mm.
long.

Sipanea glomerata HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 310. 1820.

Type collected along the Orinoco near Atures, Bonpland.
Reported by Schumann (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 249. 1889) from
Maypures, Spruce 3665.

Stems woody at the base, yellowish-sericeous; leaves very
shortly petiolate or subsessile, lanceolate, long-acuminate, sericeous
on both surfaces; inflorescence terminal, subcapitate, sessile, the

36 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

outer bracts trifid; calyx lobes subulate, sericeous, 8-9 mm. long;
corolla yellow, 2 cm. long, the tube densely sericeous above the
middle, the lobes ovate, acute.

Sipanea Trianae Wernh. Journ. Bot. 55: 174. 1917.

Type from Colombia, Triana 1776. Grassy plain east of Villa-
vicencio, 450 m., Pennell 1450 (G).

A pilose herb; leaves ovate, 2-3 cm. long, scarcely acuminate;
calyx lobes setaceous, 3 mm. long; corolla pink, densely pilose, the
tube 4 mm. long.

24. ELAEAGIA Wedd.

Elaeagia utilis (Goudot) Wedd. Monogr. Cinchon. 94. 1849.
Condaminea utilis Goudot, Compt. Rend. 18: 260. 1844.

Type from Fusagasuga, Goudot. Mount San Martin, near Charta,
Santander, 2,300-2,500 m., Killip & Smith 19156 (W, Y).

A tree 4.5-6 m. high; leaves short-petiolate, broadly elliptic,
abruptly very shortly and broadly acuminate, acute at the base,
glabrous or nearly so, 15-25 cm. long; flowers 3-4 mm. long, white,
arranged in large sessile terminal glabrous panicles; corolla lobed
nearly to the base; fruit a small capsule.

The vernacular name is reported as "arbol de cera."

25. OLDENLANDIA L.

Oldenlandia corymbosa L. Sp. PL 119. 1753.

Sandy salt marsh, Cartagena, Pennell 12006 (W, G). Widely
distributed as a weed in the tropics of both hemispheres.

A slender annual, glabrous or nearly so; leaves linear; flowers in
axillary few-flowered cymes; corolla white, about 1 mm. long;
capsule nearly 2 mm. long.

Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) DC. Prodr. 4: 425. 1830. Hedyotis
herbacea L. Sp. PL 102. 1753.

Villavicencio, 500 m., Pennell 154-9 (F, W, G). Buenaventura,
at sea level, Pennell & Killip 5806 (W, G). Santa Marta, H. H.
Smith 1780 (F, W, G, P). Puerto Berrio, 130 m., Pennell 3769 (W,
G). Rio Grande, Andre K.I 406 (F). On open banks or in wet
fields. Widely distributed in tropical America and in the Old World.

A glabrous annual with linear leaves; flowers solitary in the leaf
axils, on long pedicels; corolla white, 1.5 mm. long; capsule 2.5-3
mm. long.

26. ARCYTOPHYLLUM Willd.

Arcytophyllum aristatum, sp. nov. — Frutex prostratus repens,
caulibus crassis ramosissimis 3-20 cm. longis dense foliatis glabris;
stipularum vagina brevissima subtruncata plerumque bidentata;

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 37

folia sessilia, anguste oblonga, c. 5 mm. longa et 1.5 mm. lata, apice
obtusa vel acuta et pilifera, seta 0.7 mm. longa instructa, coriacea,
glabra, lucida, costa supra late subimpressa subtus prominula,
marginibus subincrassatis; flores terminales solitarii subsessiles;
hypanthium late obovoideum 1 mm. longum; calycis lobi 4 lineari-
subulati, 1.8 mm. longi, superne filiformi-attenuati, glabri, sinu
rotundatp separati; corolla alba glabra 4.5 mm. longa, tubo lobis
rotundatis obtusis fere duplo longiore. — Colombia: Paramo del
Quindio, Dept. Caldas, alt. 3,700-4,200 m., August 15-20, 1922,
Francis W. Pennell and Tracy E. Hazen 10003 (U. S. Nat. Herb.
No. 1,140,737, type; duplicates in G and Y). Paramo de Ruiz,
Tolima, 3,400-3,800 m., Pennell 3021 (W, G, Y). Tolima, Goudot
(K). — Ecuador: Paramos 12 miles west of Tulcan, Prov. Carchi,
3,300 m., Hitchcock 20923 (W, Y). Hills near Cuenca, August,
1864, Jameson (W, S). Villanaco, near Loja, Jameson (K). Hills
near Cuenca, Jameson 52 (K).

Closely related to A. confertum (R. & P.) Standl., of Peru, but
that differs in its narrower and longer leaves and broader, conspicu-
ously piliferous calyx lobes.

Arcytophyllum cachirense (Karst.) Schum. in E. & P. Nat.
Pfl. 44: 28. 1891. Hedyotis cachirensis Karst. Linnaea 30: 145.
1859-60. Mallostoma cachirense Karst. Fl. Columb. 2: 9. pi. 105.
1862.

Type from Mount Cachiri, between Ocana and Bucamaranga,
at 3,000 m., Karsten.

A shrub 60-90 cm. high, the branches erect, puberulent; leaves
sessile, crowded, mostly tcrnate, linear-lanceolate, acute, glabrous,
1.5-2 cm. long, 3-4 mm. wide; stipules pilosulous, subulate from a
broad base; inflorescence umbelliform, cymose, terminal, the flowers
short-pedicellate, pinkish white; calyx lobes 4, linear-lanceolate,
acute; corolla subrotate, the lobes lanceolate, acute, villous within;
capsule turbinate.

Arcytophyllum capitatum (Benth.) Schum. in E. & P. Nat.
Pfl. 44: 28. /. 8. 1891. Rachicallis capitata Benth. PL Hartw. 195.
1845. Hedyotis capitata Walp. Repert. Bot. 6: 56. 1846. H.
Hartwegiana Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 45. 1857. Ereicoctis capitata
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 281. 1891.

Ascent to Sqtara, Prov. Popayan, 3,000-3,300 m., Hartweg 1070
(Y, type collection). Guanacas, Andes of Popayan, 3,000-3,400 m.,
Lehmann 5578 (F, W). Paramo de las Delicias, Andes of Popayan,
3,000-3,500 m., Lehmann 8452 (F, W). Steep open gulch in forest,
Cerro Tatama, Caldas, 3,200-3,400 m., Pennell 10488 (W). Also in
Ecuador.

An erect shrub, densely leafy; leaves oblong, acute, coriaceous,
glabrous; stipules broadly ovate, pale, loose, glabrous, ciliate with
several long bristles; flowers sessile in terminal heads; corolla white,
the lobes pilose within; calyx lobes linear.

38 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Arcytophyllum caracasanum (HBK.) Standl. Contr. U. S.
Nat. Herb. 18: 126. 1916. Hedyotis caracasana HBK. Nov. Gen. &
Sp. 3: 393. 1820. Rachicallis caracasana DC. Prodr. 4: 434. 1830.

Paramo de Buena Vista, Huila, 3,000-3,600 m., Pittier 1114 (W,
Y). Paramo de Santurban, Santander, 3,950-4,160 m., Killip &
Smith 17518 (W, Y), 17502 (W, Y). Reported by Weddell (Chtor.
And. 2: 44. 1857) from Paramo de Buena Vista, Funck & Schlim
1277. Also in Venezuela.

An erect glabrous shrub, corymbosely branched, densely leafy;
leaves oblong, obtuse, muticous, very thick, the margins revolute;
stipules triangular-ovate, irregularly erose-dentate; flowers terminal,
solitary, sessile; calyx lobes oblong-lanceolate.

Arcytophyllum caucanum Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
18: 127. 1916.

Paramo de Buena Vista, Cauca, 3,000-3,600 m., Pittier 1137
(W, type). Azufral, Andre 325 4 (F, K, Y). Paramo de Moras,
Cauca, 3,000-3,500 m., Pittier 1412 (W.) Without locality, Triana
1775 (K).

An erect shrub; leaves oblong or oval, 6 mm. long, 3 mm. wide,
obtuse or acutish, mucronulate, glabrous, coriaceous; stipules
broadly ovate, ciliate with several long bristles; flowers in dense
terminal clusters; calyx lobes triangular-oblong, acute; corolla 7-9
mm. long, the lobes pilose within.

Arcytophyllum cephalanthum (Wedd.) Standl. Contr. U. S.
Nat. Herb. 18: 127. 1916. Hedyotis cephalantha Wedd. Chlor. And.
2: 46. 1857.

Province of Pamplona, at 3,200-3,250 m., Linden 1340 (G, type
collection). Ocana, 2,550m., Kalbreyer 582 (K). Ocana, 1,800-2,100
m., Schlim 343 (K). Weddell (1. c.) reports also Funck & Schlim 1278
from Pamplona.

An erect shrub, the branches puberulent; leaves lanceolate or
oblong, sometimes 2 cm. long, acute, shprt-petiolate, glabrous;
petioles puberulent; stipules triangular, acuminate, entire, pubescent;
flowers terminal, capitate; corolla lanate in the throat.

Arcytophyllum latifolium Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
18: 127. 1916.

Paramo de Buena Vista, Cauca, 3,000-3,600 m., Pittier 1159 (W,
type).

An erect glabrous shrub; leaves broadly ovate-oblong, 10-14
mm. long, very obtuse or rounded at the apex; stipules broadly
ovate, ciliate with several bristles, pale, loose; flowers subcapitate;
calyx lobes lance-oblong, acute; corolla 6-8 mm. long, the lobes
pubescent within.

Probably only a form of A. capitatum.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 39

Arcytophyllum muticum (Wedd.) Standl. Joum. Washington
Acad. Sci. 18: 163. 1928. Hedyotis mutica Wedd. Chlor. And. 2:
43. pi. 50, f. B. 1857.

Type from Pdramo de Coati (Choachi[?]), Prov. Tunja, at 3,500
m., Linden 1327; reported by Weddell also from Province of Bogotd,
Goudot. Paramo de Choachi, near Bogota, 3,700 m., Kittip &
Ariste-Joseph 11958 (W, G, Y); PenneU 2223 (F, W, G, M, Y).
Pdramo de Santurban, Norte de Santander, 3,900 m., Kittip & Smith
19583 (W). Paramo de Cruz Verde, near Bogota, 3,300-3,600 m.,
PenneU 2088 (W, G, Y). Paletara, Cauca, 3,000 m., PenneU 6931
(W, G, Y). Paramo de Guasca, 3,200 m., Ariste-Joseph A520 (W).
Paramo de Buena Vista, Cauca, 3,000-3,600 m., Pittier 1142 (W).
Paramo de Moras, Cauca, 3,000-3,500 m., Pittier 1400 (W). Paramo
de las Coloradas, Santander, 3,900-4,100 m., Kittip & Smith 18449
(W). Paramo de las Puentes, Santander, 3,500-3,700 m., Kilhp &
Smith 18224 (W). Paramos de Bogota, Dawe 128 (W). Growing in
grassy meadows. Also in Costa Rica.

A prostrate shrub; leaves lance-oblong, sessile, glabrous, obtuse,
muticous, coriaceous; flowers terminal, solitary; calyx lobes obovate-
oblong, obtuse, muticous; corolla white.

Arcytophyllum nitidum (HBK.) Schlecht. Linnaea 28: 492.
1856. Hedyotis nitida HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 392. 1820. Rachi-
cattis nitida DC. Prodr. 4: 433. 1830. H. Humboldtiana Steud.
Norn. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 727. 1840. Ereicoctis nitida Kuntze, Rev. Gen.
1: 281. 1891. Mattostoma nitidum B. & H. ex Ind. Kew. 2: 150. 1895.

Type from Bogotd, Bonpland. California, Santander, 3,000 m.,
Kittip & Smith 16910 (W, Y). Paramo de las Coloradas, Santander,
3,900-4,100 m., Killip & Smith 18413 (W, Y). Paramo de las
Puentes, Santander, 3,500-3,700 m., Kittip & Smith 18237 (W).
Paramo de las Vegas, Santander, 3,700 m., Kittip & Smith 15627
(W, Y). Paramo de Romeral, Santander, 3,800-4,100 m., Kittip &
Smith 18574 (W). Paramo del Hatico, Norte de Santander, 2,900
m., Kittip & Smith 20664 (W, Y). Charta, Santander, 2,300 m.,
Kittip & Smith 18889 (W, Y). Paramo de Mogotocoro, Santander,
3,700 m., Kittip & Smith 17599 (W). Above Bogota, 2,700 m.,
Rusby & PenneU 1288 (Y). Balsillas, Huila, 2,200 m., Rusby &
PenneU 762 (W, G, Y). Paramo de Chaquiro, 3,000 m., PenneU
4281 (Y). Near Bogotd, Ariste-Joseph A886 (W); in 1919, Ariste-
Joseph (W). Montserrate, Ariste-Joseph A49 (W). Paramo de
Choachi, near Bogotd, 3,700 m., Killip & Ariste-Joseph 11940 (W,
Y). Santa Marta, Purdie (G). Mountains near Bogotd, Holton
416 (G). Montserrate, Dawe 19 (W). In high grassy meadows, on
brushy slopes, and in sphagnum bogs. Also in Venezuela.

An erect, densely branched shrub, sometimes 60 cm. high,
densely leafy; leaves linear to oblong, muticous, imbricate, coriaceous,
the margins re volute, glabrous; stipules triangular-ovate, usually
3-dentate, puberulent, long-persistent; flowers terminal, solitary,
sessile; calyx lobes oblong-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate; corolla
white or tinged with pink.

40 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Arcytophyllum thymifolium (R. & P.), comb. nov. Hedyotis
thymifolia R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 1: 56. pi. 88, f. a. 1798. H. thujoides
Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 3: 527. 1818. H. thesioides Willd. ex
HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 391. 1820, as syn. H. ericoides Willd. ex
HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 393. 1820. Anotis thymifolia /3 thesioides
DC. Prodr. 4: 432. 1830. A. thymifolia ft ericoides Wedd. Chlor. And.
2: 44. 1857. Anotis ericoides DC. Prodr. 4: 433. 1830.

Type of H. ericoides collected between Ona and Paramo de
Saraguru. Reported by HBK. from Pasto, and by Weddell (Chlor.
And. 2: 44. 1857) from Plateau of Tuquerres at 3,000 m., Triana.
Also in Ecuador and Peru.

A dense erect shrub, the branches puberulent; stipules triangular-
ovate, 1-3-dentate; leaves linear, mostly 5-15 mm. long, revolute,
glabrous; flowers in small dense terminal cymes; calyx lobes linear
or linear-lanceolate; corolla white, glabrous, usually 6-8 mm. long.

27. DIDYMOCHLAMYS Hook. f.

Didymochlamys White! Hook. f. Icon. PL pi 1122. 1872.

Type from Atrato. In forest, Cordoba, El Valle, 80-100 m.,
Killip 5137 (W).

A small fleshy herb, epiphytic or terrestrial; leaves apparently
alternate, oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate-oblong, acuminate,
nearly sessile, glabrous; stipules 2 at the base of each petiole, the
larger one linear, the smaller deltoid and glandlike; flowers in a
terminal head subtended by 2 large, white or green, cordate bracts;
calyx lobes 5, lanceolate; corolla campanulate; fruit 2-celled, many-
seeded.

28. SCHRADERA Vahl

Schradera acuminata Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 284. 1929.

In forest, La Cumbre, Dept. El Valle, 1,800-2,000 m., Pennell
5146 (W, type).

A glabrous tree; leaves petiolate, elliptic or oval-elliptic, 6.5-8.5
cm. long, abruptly short-acuminate, obtuse or rounded at the base,
with about 12 pairs of lateral veins; flower heads about 4-flowered,
the peduncle 5 mm. long, the involucre 17 mm. long; calyx 7 mm.
long.

Schradera cacuminis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 284. 1929.

Bushy summit of west peak, La Cumbre, El Valle, 2,100-2,400
m., Killip 11369 (W, type).

A glabrous tree; leaves petiolate, narrowly elliptic-oblong, 8.5-
10.5 cm. long, gradually or abruptly long-acuminate, acute at the
base, the lateral nerves about 14 pairs; flower heads about 8-flowered,
the peduncle 1 cm. long, the involucre 1.8 cm. long; calyx tubular,
9 mm. long; corolla white, the tube 10-12 mm. long, the lobes 5
mm. long.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 41

Schradera Lehmannii, sp. nov. — Arbor 2.5 m. alta, ramulis
crassis subteretibus rimosis ochraceis scaberulo-puberulis et minute
verruculosis, internodiis brevibus; stipulae caducae, non visae; folia
longe petiolata opposita, petiolo valido 2-2.8 cm. longo glabrato
supra anguste sulcato; lamina coriacea, ovalis vel elliptico-ovalis,
10-13 cm. longa, 5-6.5 cm. lata, apice rotundata et abrupte breviter-
que acuminata, acumine triangulari subobtuso 5-7 mm. longo, basi
obtusa vel subrotundata, abrupte contracta atque breviter decurrens,
utrinque glabra, supra fusca, nervis manifestos sed non elevatis,
subtus vix pallidior, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque
latere c. 15, gracillimis, obscuris, angulo lato adscendentibus, rectis,
prope marginem conjunctis; inflorescentia terminalis 1 cm. longe
pedunculata, pedunculo crasso puberulo vel glabrato; involucrum
cyathiforme, 2.5 cm. longum, 3 cm. latum, basi late rotundatum,
truncatum et subintegrum, sparse scaberulo-puberulum vel glabra-
tum; flores numerosi dense congesti sessiles; calyx glaber cylindrico-
campanulatus 6-7 mm. longus truncatus subinteger; corolla (perfecte
evoluta non visa) 14 mm. longa extus sparse puberula vel glabra,
laciniis 5 lanceolato-linearibus attenuatis tubo longioribus. — Colom-
bia: In dense rain forest on the coast of Buenaventura, July, 1903,
F. C. Lehmann K.14% (Herb. Kew., type).

From S. acuminata Standl. this differs in the long-petioled leaves
with more divergent nerves, and in the larger, longer-pedunculate
involucre.

Schradera revoluta Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 285. 1929.

In forest, La Gallera, Micay Valley, Cauca, at 2,200-2,500 m.,
Killip 7971 (W, type).

A glabrous tree; stipules broadly ovate, 8 mm. long; leaves
short-petiolate, lance-oblong or narrowly elliptic-oblong, 4-6.5 cm.
long, obtuse or acutish, obtuse at the base, the lateral nerves about
10 pairs; heads about 5-flowered, the peduncle 3-5 mm. long, the
involucre 7-8 mm. long; calyx 6 mm. long; corolla white, the tube
1 cm. long, the lobes oblong, 7 mm. long, acutish.

Schradera stellata Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 106. pi. 40. 1844.

Type from Gorgona Island.

Glabrous; leaves oblong-elliptic, long-acuminate, 7.5-12.5 cm.
long; flower heads terminal, solitary, pedunculate, about 6-flowered,
the involucre very short, irregularly sinuate-lobate, deflexed;
corolla white, the lobes linear, 20 mm. long, stellately spreading,
much exceeding the short tube.

29. GONZALAGUNIA R. & P.

Gonzalagunia asperula (Wernh.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4:
278. 1929. Gonzalagunia panamensis var. scabrida Schum. in Mart.
Fl. Bras. 66: 293. 1889. Gonzalea asperula Wernh. Journ. Bot. 51:
219. 1913. Duggena asperula Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18:
125. 1916.

42 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Type from Colombia, Triana 137. Titiribf near Medellin, Toro
405 (Y), 445 (Y). Santa Barbara, Antioquia, Pennell 10915 (W, G,
Y). Armenia, Toro 635 (Y). Near Villavicencio, 800 m., Andre 1100
(K).

A slender shrub; leaves nearly sessile, lanceolate or ovate,
usually rounded at the base; densely pilose beneath with short,
spreading, often brownish hairs; calyx lobes very short, obtuse;
corolla white, 5-6.5 mm. long; fruit 4-coccous, white.

G. panamensis var. scabrida was described from Colombia.

Gonzalagunia cornifolia (HBK.) Standl. Field Mus. Bot.
4: 279. 1929. Gonzalea cornifolia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 416.
1819. G. panamensis var. cornifolia Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66:
293. 1889.

Type from Honda, Bonpland. Below Boca Saldana, Huila, 400
m., Rusby & Pennell 1196 (F, W, G, M, Y). El Convenio, west of
San Lorenzo, Tolima, 500-700 m., Pennell 3506 (W, G, M, Y).
Salgar, Toro 1045 (Y). Puerto Berrio, Toro 1102 (Y). Piedecuesta,
Santander, 980 m., Killip & Smith 15439 (W, Y). Puerto Caldas,
2,000-2,500 m., Pennell 8902 (W, Y), 8926 (W, Y). Quebrada
Nueva to Cuchilla, El Valle, 1,200 m., Pennell, Killip & Hazen
8445 (W, Y). Manizales, Caldas, 1,000-1,500 m., Pennell 10189
(W, Y). Santuario, Caldas, 2,000 m., Pennell 10311 (W, G, Y).
Santa Barbara, Antioquia, 900-1,500 m., Pennell 10892 (W). Las
Minitas, Antioquia, 2,000-2,500 m., Pennell 10938 (W). Magdalena,
Holton 429 (G, Y, P). La Paila, Holton (Y). El Cascajal, 1,380 m.,
Andre 37 44 (Y). Mindo, Andre K.541 (K, Y). Naranjo, Magdalena,
Andre K.543 (K, Y). Isla Brava, Andre K.542 (K, Y). Cuesta de
Tocota, Cauca, 1,500-1,900 m., Pittier 731 (W, Y). La Manuelita,
Cauca, 1,100-1,300 m., Pittier 802 (W). Salgar, Toro 1263 (Y).

A slender shrub, the branches often recurved; leaves short-
petioled, lanceolate to ovate, rounded or obtuse at the base, ap-
pressed-pilose; calyx lobes short, deltoid or rounded; corolla white,
usually 8-10 mm. long; fruit white.

This is closely related to G. panamensis, but usually it can be
separated easily by the short corolla.

Gonzalagunia dependens R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 1: 56. pi. 86.
1798. Gonzalea pendula Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 132. 1805. Gonzalea tomen-
tosa H. & B. PI. Aequin. 1: 225. pi. 64- 1808. Gonzalagunia tomentosa
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 284. 1891. Gonzalagunia rugosa Standl. Contr.
U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 446. 1914. Duggena rugosa Standl. Contr. U. S.
Nat. Herb. 18: 126. 1916. D. tomentosa Standl., 1. c.

Rio Dagua, Buenaventura, Lehmann 5095 (F, Y). Forests on
Rio Dagua, Cauca, Lehmann B.T.615 (Y). East of Neiva, Huila,
1,300-1,800 m., Rusby & Pennell 956 (W, G, Y). Huila, Rio Paez
Valley, Cauca, 1,600-1,900 m., Pittier 1258 (W, type of Gonzalagunia
rugosa). Rio Quindio, Salento, Caldas, 1,500 m., Killip & Hazen

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 43

8954 (W, G, Y). Jimenes, Rio Dagua, Andre 2528 (F, G, Y). Tona,
Santander, Kittip & Smith 19490 (W, Y). Ocafia, Purdie (G).
Volcan Purace", Hartweg 1055 (G). Also in Ecuador and Peru.

A slender shrub; leaves ovate or lanceolate, long-acuminate,
glabrous above, densely white-tomentose beneath; inflorescence
white-tomentose; corolla white, the tube 5 mm. long; fruit white,
4-coccous.

Gonzalagunia pendula is illustrated in the original plate as having
bifid stipules, but doubtless they were so drawn in error. Otherwise
the plate and description agree well with the specimens listed here.

Gonzalagunia discolor Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 277. 1929.

La Gallera, Micay Valley, Cauca, at 2,000-2,200 m., Kittip
7959 (W, type; Y).

A slender shrub; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or ovate-elliptic,
1.5-3.5 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate, obtuse or rounded at
the base, glabrous above, strigillose or scaberulous beneath along
the nerves or nearly glabrous; panicles spikelike, 1-3 cm. long,
few-flowered; calyx lobes scarcely 1 mm. long, rounded-ovate, very
obtuse; fruit 4-coccous, purplish red.

Gonzalagunia flexuosa Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 278. 1929.
La Gallera, Micay Valley, Cauca, at 1,400-1,500 m., Kittip
7696 (W, type; G, Y). Also in Ecuador.

A slender tree; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong or narrowly ovate,
11-15 cm. long, abruptly long-acuminate, green above, sparsely
strigose or glabrate, grayish beneath, pilose with spreading whitish
hairs; panicles 20-50 cm. long, the flowers slender-pedicellate; calyx
lobes unequal, 1-2 mm. long, spreading, oblong-linear, obtuse;
corolla white, 6-8 mm. long, sparsely strigose; fruit 4-coccous, densely
strigose.

Gonzalagunia Killipii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 276. 1929.
La Gallera, Micay Valley, Cauca, at 1,100-1,300 m., Kittip
7823 (W, type; G, Y).

A slender shrub; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or oblong-ovate,
9-11 cm. long, long-acuminate, rounded at the base, green above,
scaberulous or glabrate, bullate, densely whitish -tomentose beneath;
panicles 15-28 cm. long, the flowers short-pedicellate; calyx scarcely
1 mm. long, 4-dentate, the teeth broadly triangular, acutish; corolla
white, 5-6.5 mm. long, sparsely strigose; fruit white, depressed-
globose, 5 mm. broad, nearly glabrous.

Gonzalagunia panamensis (Cav.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
66: 292. 1889. Buena panamensis Cav. Anal, Hist. Nat. 2: 279.
1800. Duggena panamensis Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18:
126. 1916. '

44 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Cacagualito, region of Santa Marta, 450 m., H. H. Smith 98
(F, W, M, P, Y). Bonda and Calabaza, 75-750 m., H. H. Smith
97 (F, W, G, M, P, Y). Also in Central America, Mexico, and Cuba.

A slender shrub or small tree, sometimes 4.5 m. high; leaves
slender-petipled, lanceolate to ovate, appressed-pilose; calyx lobes
short, deltoid, obtuse or acute; corolla white, 12-17 mm. long; fruit
4-coccous.

Gonzalagunia rudis Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 17:
170. 1927. Duggena rudis Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 125.
1916. Gonzalagunia acutifolia Rusby, Descr. N. Sp. S. Amer. PI.
131. 1920.

Calabaza, region of Santa Marta, 180 m., H. H. Smith 99 (F,
M, P, S; Y, type of G. acutifolia). Santa Rosa, forests along Rio
Caballete, El Valle, 200 m., Killip 11556 (W, G). Also in Panama.

A slender shrub; leaves subsessile, ovate-oblong, rounded at the
base, strigose; calyx lobes very unequal, linear; corolla white, 5
mm. long; fruit 4-coccous.

30. CARMENOCANIA Wernh.

Car men oca nia porphyrantha Wernh. Journ. Bot. 50: 241. pi.
520. 1912.

Type from Carmen, Prov. Ocana, Schlim 755.

Stipules short, broad, apiculate; leaves opposite, short-petiolate,
mostly obovate, 12-15 cm. long, short-acuminate, narrowed to the
base, very sparsely pilose beneath along the nerves; flowers in
terminal many-flowered corymbose cymes, mostly sessile; calyx
lobes setaceous-linear, 7-8 mm. long; corolla violaceous, densely
sericeous, the tube 2.5 cm. long, the 5 lobes 6-7 mm. long; ovary
2-celled.

31. CASSUPA H. & B.

Cassupa alba (Schum. in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. IV. 4: 63. 1891,
nomen nudum) Schum. & Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 40: 322.
1908.

Type from Cundai, alt. 1,200 m., Lehmann 2590. Reported also
from Bogota, Triana 1838, 1840.

A tree 8 m. high; leaves elongate-oblong or obovate, 20-30 cm.
long, short-acuminate, densely white-puberulent beneath; flowers
white, the corolla 4 cm. long, smooth, glabrous; berries globose,
9 mm. in diameter.

Cassupa Pittieri Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 445. 1914.

Cordoba, Dagua Valley, Cauca, 30-100 m., Pittier 514 (W, type).

A small tree 4-5 m. high; leaves petioled, oval, 28 cm. long,
abruptly short-acuminate, green beneath, puberulent along the veins;
flowers white, in a dense panicle; corolla 6 cm. long, verrucose,
puberulent.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 45

Cassupa verrucosa H. & B. PL Aequin. 1: 43. pi. 12. 1808.

Type collected near San Carlos on the Rio Negro, Bonpland.
Schumann (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 283. 1889) reports Spruce 3041
from the same locality.

A tree sometimes 10-13 m. high; leaves long-petiolate, obovate-
oblong, 18-40 cm. long, short-acuminate, cuneate at the base, glabrous
above, beneath grayish-subtomentose; corolla pale red, 5-5.5 cm.
long, tomentulose; fruit red.

32. ISERTIA Schreb.

Isertia coccinea Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 2: 27. 1798. Guettarda
coccinea Aubl. PI. Guian. 317. pi. 123. 1775.

Rio Timbiqui, 400 m., Lehmann 8998. Also in the Guianas and
Brazil.

A large shrub or small tree; leaves long-petiolate, oblong or
obovate-oblong, 15-30 cm. long, acuminate, cuneate at the base,
glabrous above, ferruginous-tomentose beneath; corolla 7-8 cm. long,
red, ferruginous-tomentose; fruit globose, tomentose, red, about 1
cm. in diameter.

Isertia Haenkeana DC. Prodr. 4: 437. 1830.

Frasquillo, on Rio Sinu, 90-120 m., Pennell 4600 (W). Between
Puerto Wilches and Puerto Santos, 110 m., Killip & Smith 14887
(W). Between Narino and El Tambor, 150-300 m., Killip & Smith
14950 (W). Islitas, Rio Nari, Andre 420 (K). Carare, Andre 274
(K, Y). Rio Nembi, Andre K.570 (K). Also in Central America.

A shrub 1-3.5 m. high; ^aves opposite or ternate, short-petioled,
obovate or oblong-obovate, 20-45 cm. long, beneath densely short-
pilose or glabrate; flowers orange-red and yellow, in large dense
narrow panicles; corolla 1.7-3.5 cm. long, puberulent or tomentulose;
berries purplish, 5 mm. in diameter.

Called "canelito" in Panama.

Isertia Humboldtiana Schum. & Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Engler
40: 321. 1908.

Type from Colombia, without definite locality, Lehmann
CXCVIII. Reported also from San Bartolom6 on the Rio Magda-
lena, the specimen previously listed (HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3:
324. 1820) as /. coccinea Vahl.

A shrub; leaves oblong, short-acuminate, 30-40 cm. long,
ferruginous-puberulent beneath; ovary puberulent; corolla 2 cm.
long, glabrous.

Isertia hypoleuca Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 220. 1841.
/. coccinea var. hypoleuca Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 286. 1889.

Without locality, Triana (K); Goudot 21 (K). Santiago, Toro
583 (Y). Also in the Guianas, Brazil, and eastern Peru.

46 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

A shrub or small tree, similar to I. coccinea, but the petioles
usually longer; leaves densely white-tomentose beneath; calyx
usually glabrous; flowers commonly smaller than in that species
and less densely tomentose.

Isertia rosea Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 284. 1899.

Reported by Schumann from San Carlos on the Rio Negro,
Spruce 2894> Also in Brazil and French Guiana.

Leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate to oblong or obovate-oblong,
12-38 cm. long, obtusely acuminate, cuneate at the base, glabrous;
ovary 4-parted; corolla 4 cm. long, rose-purple, glabrous outside;
berries 6 mm. in diameter, glabrous.

Isertia Purdiei Sprague, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 22: 434.
1905.

Type from Muzo, Purdie.

Leaves elliptic-oblong, caudate-acuminate, cuneate at the base,
glabrous above, gray or whitish beneath and reticulate-veined; calyx
truncate, entire, appressed-pubescent; corolla tube sericeous, the
lobes more than one-third as long as the tube, verruculose outside,
reflexed in anthesis; anthers 7 mm. long.

Isertia Spraguei Wernh. Kew Bull. 1914: 65. 1914.

Type from eastern cordilleras near Pitalito, Sprague.

A tree; leaves elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 26-38 cm. long, acuminate,
griseous-tomentose beneath; corolla 5-5.5 cm. long, sparsely and
minutely pubescent; calyx glabrous.

33. COCCOGYPSELUM Sw.

Coccocypselum guianense (Aubl.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
6«: 315. 1889. Tontanea guianensis Aubl. PI. Guian. 108. 1775.

Santa Marta, 600 m., H. H. Smith 541 (F, W, P). Widely
distributed in northern South America and Brazil; also in Mexico,
Central America, and the Greater Antilles.

Stems pilose or hirsute with spreading hairs; leaves ovate or
rounded-ovate, rounded to acutish at the apex, pilose on the upper
surface with short appressed hairs, soft-pilose beneath; heads few-
flowered, long-pedunculate; corolla blue, 7-10 mm. long; fruit blue,
6-11 mm. in diameter.

Coccocypselum hirsutum Bartl. ex DC. Prodr. 4: 396. 1830.
Tontanea hirsuta Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 147. 1921.

Buenavista to Pipiral, Cundinamarca, 1,000 m., Pennell 1676
(W, G). Rio Piedras, west of Popayan, Cauca, 1,600 m., Pennell
& Killip 7209 (W). Amalfi, Antioquia, 1,700 m., Lehmann CXCVII
(W). Also in Bolivia, Mexico, Central America, and Trinidad.

Stems densely hirsute or hispid; leaves oval or rounded-ovate,
rounded to acutish at the apex, hirsute or hispid; flower heads few-
flowered, long-pedunculate; calyx lobes linear, acute; corolla 12-14
mm. long, pale blue; berry dark blue, 6-10 mm. broad.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 47

Coccocypselum hispidum Standl. Tontanea hispida Standl.
N. Amer. Fl. 32: 147. 1921.

Buenaventura, El Valle, at sea level, on railroad embankment,
Pennell & Killip 5305 (W). Buenaventura, Andre 260 (K). Also
in Central America.

Stems pilose with appressed or ascending hairs; leaves ovate
or rounded-ovate, hispid; heads sessile, few-flowered; corolla bluish
white; calyx lobes linear; fruit blue, 8-15 mm. long.

Coccocypselum lanceolatum (R. & P.) Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 132.
1805. Condalia lanceolate R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 1: 54. 1798. Coccocyp-
selum repens HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 316. 1819, non Sw. Cocco-
cypselum canescens C. & S. Linnaea 4: 139. 1829. Tontanea canescens
Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 146. 1921.

San Roque, Toro 1345 (Y). Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 2407
(F, W, P), 127 (F, W, P). Morales, Cauca, Pennell & Killip 8290
(W). La Cumbre, El Valle, Pennell 5181 (W). Rio Surata Valley,
above Surata, 2,000-2,300 m., Killip & Smith 16570 (W). Chapa,
Cauca, 1,850 m., Lehmann 3590 (W). Charta, 2,000 m., Killip &
Smith 18862 (W), 17445 (W). Potrerillo to Miraflores, Palmira, El
Valle, 1,200-1,800 m., Pennell & Killip 6096 (W). East of Neiva,
Huila, 1,300-1,800 m., Rusby & Pennell 957 (F, G, W). Toledo,
Santander, 1,700-1,900 m., Killip & Smith 20061 (W). Mesa de
los Santos, Santander, 1,000-1,500 m., Killip & Smith 15054 (W).
Icononzo, Cundinamarca, 1,400-1,800 m., Pennell 2868 (W). El
Convenio, west of San Lorenzo, Tolima, 1,000-1,200 m., Pennell
3451 (W, G). Fusagasuga, Holton 420 (P). Hills of Miraflores
above Palmira, Cauca, 1,600 m., Pittier 890 (W). San Andre's de
la Sierra, Magdalena, 1,100-1,300 m., Pittier 1705 (W). Highlands
of Popayan, 1,600-2,000 m., Lehmann B.T .395 (F, Y). El Pedregal
and Juca, Popayan, 1,200-1,800 m., Lehmann 8468 (F). Widely
distributed in South and Central America.

Branches densely pilose-sericeous; leaves oblong to ovate, acute
or obtuse, densely appressed-pilose; flower heads long-pedunculate,
very densely many-flowered; calyx lobes oblong or ovate, usually
obtuse; corolla purplish blue, 5 mm. long; fruit bright blue.

The original description of Condalia lanceolata agrees so well
with the plant commonly known as Coccocypselum canescens that
there is little doubt that the earlier name of Ruiz and Pav6n should
replace the species name canescens.

34. HIPPOTIS R. & P.
Hippotis albiflora Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: 33. pi. 17. 1858.

Type collected in the mountains east of Bogota, at 1,000 m.,
Karsten.

A tree 9-12 m. high; leaves lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate,
15-20 cm. long, acuminate, sparsely appressed-pilose above, finely

48 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

striolate-nerved between the veins; flowers in axillary pedunculate
3-flowered cymes; calyx 3 cm. long, the limb spathaceous; corolla
white, much exceeding the calyx, the limb 5-lobed.

35. PENTAGONIA Benth.

Pentagonia brachyotis Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci.
17: 171. 1927. Watsonamra brachyotis Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 17:443. 1914.

Boca Tai on Rio Sinu, Bolivar, 50-80 m., in forest, Pennell
4616 (Y). Also in Panama.

A small tree about 3.5 m. high; leaves petiolate, the petiole
with large auricles at the base; leaf blades rhombic, 33-37 cm. long,
obtuse at the base, deeply pinnatifid, minutely sericeous beneath
along the veins; calyx 10-12 mm. long, the lobes obtuse; corolla red,
the tube 3 cm. long, the lobes 5-6 mm. long.

Pentagonia magnified Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 40: 325.
1908. Watsonamra magnifica Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17:
441. 1914.

Type from Rio Timbiqui, Lehmann 8886.

A shrub or small tree 3 m. high, sparsely branched; leaves very
shortly petiolate, obovate or obovate-oblong, 30-40 cm. long,
acuminate, glabrous, finely striolate between the nerves; flowers
in dense sessile axillary cymes; calyx tubular, 1.5 cm. long, red;
corolla tubular, red, 2-2.5 cm. long, the lobes short, oblong, obtuse,
reflexed; fruit baccate, globose, 12-15 mm. in diameter.

36. SOMMERA Schlecht.

Sommera Purdiei, sp. nov. — Ramuli graciles, teretes, ferrug-
ineo-brunnei, glabri, internodiis brevibus elongatisve; stipulae
anguste lanceolatae, 2.3 cm. longae, caducae, longiattenuatae,
brunneae, glabrae; folia opposita, petiolo 5-8 mm. longo glabro;
lamina obovata vel elliptica, 6-11.5 cm. longa, 3-5 cm. lata, acuta
vel abrupte breviterque obtuso-acuminata, basi cuneato-acuta vel
obtusiuscula, crasse membranacea, supra viridis, glabra, nervis non
eleyatis, subtus paullo pallidior, tantum ad nervos minute denseque
sericea, costa nervisque lateralibus gracilibus, prominentibus, nervis
lateralibus utroque latere c. 6, angulo acuto adscendentibus, leviter
curvis vel fere rectis, prope marginem conjunctis, inter nervulos
creberrime striolata; inflorescentiae axillares, cymosae vel subum-
bellatae, 3-5-florae, pedunculis 2-3 cm. longis sericeis, bracteis
linearibus vel subulatis, pedicellis vix longioribus, pedicellis 1-3 mm.
longis; hypanthium turbinatum 5 mm. longum basi acutum sericeum;
calyx 5-partitus, lobis obovatp-oblongis 6-8 mm. longis obtusis vel
rotundatis glabratis persistentibus; corolla extus minute et subsparse
sericea, tubo 8 mm. longo, crasso, lobis 5 oblongis obtusis 5 mm.
longis; fructus immaturus ovoideus glabratus 12 mm. longus. —
Colombia: Bogota, Purdie (Gray Herb., type; duplicate in K).
Without locality, Goudot (K).

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 49

37. SABIGEA Aubl.

Sabicea ambigua, sp. nov. — Ramuli crassi adpresso-pilosuli
vel glabrati, internodiis ut videtur brevissimis; stipulae magnae,
multifidae, 4-8 cm. longae, laciniis numerosissimis anguste linearibus
vel crasse filiformibus, interdum incrassatis, dense minuteque
puberulis, inaequalibus; petiolus gracilis vel validus, 2-4.5 cm.
Ipngus, subteres vel angulatus, dense et minutissime adpresso-
pilosulus vel glabratus, supra interdum late sulcatus; lamina mem-
branacea, anguste oblanceolato-oblonga, 20-38 cm. longa, 6.5-12
cm. lata, abrupte acuminata, acumine anguste triangulari attenuato-
acuminato, basin versus Ipngissime sensimque attenuata, supra
viridis, glabra, nervis manifestis sed non elevatis, subtus paullo
pallidior, ad nervos costamque minute adpresso-pilosula, aliter
glabra, minute albido-puncticulata, cpsta gracili elevata, nervis
lateralibus utroque latere c. 20, gracilibus, elevatis, angulp lato
adscendentibus, arcuatis, in marginem desinentibus, nervulis yix
prominulis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia densa multiflora sessilis
vel brevissime pedunculata, floribus sessilibus vel breyiter pedicel-
latis, bracteis elongatis anguste linearibus; calycis laciniae anguste
lineares vel fere filiformes, 1.6-3.3 cm. longis, minute puberulae;
bacca c. 7 mm. longa, oblonga vel crasse clavata, obscure 5-costata,
glabrata; semina numerosissima ferruginea c. 0.3 mm. diam. —
Colombia: Without definite locality, Triana 1847 (Herb. Kew., type).
Coteje, Rio Timbiqui, November, 1898, Lehmann B.T.519 (K).

The true position of this plant is quite uncertain. Evidently it
is closely related to Sabicea umbrosa Wernh., but both these species
are so unlike other members of the genus Sabicea that I was at first
inclined to make them the basis of a new genus. After learning
that one of them had been referred to Sabicea without question by
Wernham, I decided to leave the two plants temporarily in that
genus, until better material of them may be obtained. The leaves
in both these species seem to me to be alternate, with a stipule
opposite each leaf. Wernham, however, illustrates the type spec-
imen of S. umbrosa with opposite leaves. I have not seen the type,
but a second specimen of the same species which I have seen, prob-
ably a part of the type collection, seems to me to have alternate
rather than opposite leaves, a condition almost unknown in the
family Rubiaceae.

Sabicea asperula (Ball) Wernh. Monogr. Sabicea 30. 1914.
Manettia asperula Ball, Journ. Linn. Soc. 22: 142. 1886.

Type from coast near Buenaventura, Ball.

A scandent shrub, the branches densely strigose; stipules broadly
ovate or rounded; leaves oval, short-acuminate, 9-12 cm. long, 4-4.5
cm. wide, sparsely strigose above, beneath strigose, more densely
so on the veins, the lateral veins 10 pairs or fewer; inflorescence

50 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

lax, 1.5 cm. broad, strigose, the peduncle 1.5-2 cm. long; bracts few,
linear, not forming an involucre; calyx lobes 3-4 mm. long, usually
spreading, linear-subsetaceous; corolla sparsely strigose, the tube
6 mm. long, the lobes lanceolate, acute, 2.5 mm. long, barbate at
the apex; fruit sparsely spreading-pilose, 6 mm. long.

Sabicea camporum Sprague, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinb.
22: 434. 1904; Wernh. Monogr. Sabicea 50. pi. 4, f. 5-9. 1914.

Type from Cabuyaro, Rio Meta, Sprague 1$.

A suffrutescent erect herb 30-60 cm. high, the young branches
densely fulvous-villous; leaves about 6 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide,
rough-pubescent above, whitish beneath and minutely arachnoid-
tomentose; flowers in hirsute and tomentose sessile cymes, densely
crowded; calyx lobes lanceolate; corolla tube 3-4 mm. long, the
lobes 2 mm. long.

Sabicea cana Hook. Icon. PI. pi. 247. 1840.

Between Yolomba and Cancan, Antioquia, 1,200-1,800 m.,
Lehmann 4004 (W). San Roque, Toro 1854 (Y). Also in Peru.

A scandent shrub, the stems arachnoid-tomentose; stipules ovate,
obtusish, 8 mm. long and wide; leaves petiolate, broadly ovate,
large, acute or obtuse, densely white-tomentose beneath, arachnoid
above or glabrate; flowers sessile in dense sessile axillary heads,
whitish-tomentose; calyx lobes triangular; corolla tomentose, the
tube 4-5 mm. long, the lobes 2-3 mm. long.

Sabicea colombiana Wernh. Monogr. Sabicea 39. pi. 12. 1914.

Region of Santa Marta, 450 m., H. H. Smith 1834 (F in part, M).
Rio Timbiqui, 400 m. or less, Lehmann 9001 (Y). La Gallera, Micay
Valley, Cauca, 1,100-1,300 m., in clearing, Kittip 7821 (W). El
Convenio, Tolima, 1,000-1,200 m., edge of forest, Pennell 3468 (W,
G, Y). San Andre's de la Sierra, Magdalena, 1,100-1,300 m., Pittier
1648 (W). Between Puerto Wilches and Puerto Santos, Santander,
in forest, 1,100 m., Kittip & Smith 14853 (W, Y), 14857 (Y). Wern-
ham reports the following: Triana 681. Ocana, 1,170 m., Schlim
697. Cauca, 1,200 m., Triana 1752. Also in Venezuela and Panama.

A large scandent shrub, the branches strigose; stipules large,
ovate, obtuse, reflexed; leaves elliptic or oval, acute or acuminate,
strigose, especially beneath on the nerves, or glabrate; inflorescence
lax, strigose, many-flowered, pedunculate or subsessile; bracts 2-3,
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 7-8 mm. long, forming an involucre;
calyx lobes linear-oblong, glabrate, 4-4.5 mm. long; corolla white,
strigose, the tube 9 mm. long.

Sabicea glomerata Wernh. Monogr. Sabicea 50. 1914.

Type from Pilcuan, Barbacoas, at 875 m., Triana 1756. Villa-
vicencio, 500 m., in thicket, Pennell 1376 (W,Y).

A scandent shrub, the young branches densely yellow-tomentose,
later glabrate; leaves broadly lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, 10-12 cm.
long, 4.5-5 cm. wide, usually rounded at the base, short-acuminate,

51

sparsely rough-puberulent above, densely yellow-tomentose beneath,
the petioles up to 13 mm. long; stipules broadly ovate, membran-
aceous, glabrous, short-acuminate, up to 14 mm. long and 12 mm.
wide; flowers crowded in dense sessile axillary heads, nearly glabrous;
calyx lobes oblong, subglabrous, 3-5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide; corolla
white, about 7 mm. long, densely sericeous.

Sabicea novo-granatensis Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 303.
1889.

Described from Villavicencio, Llano de San Martin, and Guaduas,
Karsten. Reported by Wernham (Monogr. Sabicea 41. 1914) from
Bogota, Susumuco, 875 m., Triana 1755.

Leaves lanceolate to oval, 12-13 cm. long, 4-6.5 cm. wide, sparsely
rough-strigillose above, pilose beneath on the veins, very obtuse at
the apex, acute at the base, the petioles 2 cm. long; stipules oval,
7-10 mm. long, 5-12 mm. wide; inflorescence lax, the bracts ovate,
fqliaceous, subinvolucrate, the peduncle 2-2.5 cm. long, yellow-
hispid, the pedicels elongate; calyx lobes broadly lanceolate, 6 mm.
long and 2.5 mm. wide, spreading-hirsute; hypanthium densely
sericeous-pilose; corolla densely hirsute, the tube 7 mm. long, the
lobes 2 mm. long.

Sabicea Trianae Wernh. Monogr. Sabicea 62. 1914.

Type from Colombia, Triana 717.

A scandent shrub, the branches arachnoid-tomentose, finally
glabrous; leaves elliptic, narrowed at each end, 8-9 cm. long, 3.5-4
cm. wide, sparsely strigose above along the costa, elsewhere glabrous
or at first arachnoid and hirsute, beneath with similar but denser
pubescence, the petiole aiachnoid-tomentose, 5 mm. long; stipules
6 mm. long and 4 mm. wide, deflexed; flowers crowded in few-
flowered heads 1.5 cm. broad; bracts few, forming an involucre;
peduncle 3-4 mm. long; calyx lobes oval, acute, 9 mm. long, 4 mm.
wide; ovary tomentose.

Sabicea umbrosa Wernh. Monogr. Sabicea 27. pi. 1, f. 1. 1914.

Type from Antioquia, in the deep shade of forest, at 900 m.,
Kalbreyer 1887. Without locality, Kalbreyer (K).

Suffrutescent, the stem procumbent, about 30 cm. long; leaves
elliptic, acute at each end, about 27 cm. long and 15 cm. wide,
pubescent beneath on the veins, the lateral nerves 15-22 pairs;
petiole up to 25 cm. long; flowers in subsessile verticils, crowded, the
bracts broad, divided into setae 2 cm. long or more; corolla glabrous,
the tube 4 cm. long, the lobes oblong, subacute, 8 mm. long.

Sabicea villosa R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 265. 1819. Schwenkfeldia
villosa Willd. ex R. & S., 1. c., as syn. Sabicea hirsuta HBK. Nov.
Gen. & Sp. 3: 417. 1820. Schwenkfeldia hirsuta Spreng. Syst. Veg.
1:765. 1825.

Campo Alegre, in thickets on damp hillsides, 450 m., H. H.
Smith 1834 (F in part, W, G, P, Y). Wooded cliffs of Rio Dagua,

52 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

C6rdoba, El Valle, 80-100 m., Kittip 5080 (W, G). La Teta, Cauca,
1,000-1,300 m., Lehmann 5090 (F). Widely distributed in tropical
America.

A large scandent shrub, the branches hirsute; stipules broadly
ovate or rounded, reflexed; leaves petiolate, elliptic-oblong or ovate,
acuminate, hirsute; flowers sessile in few-flowered axillary heads;
calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, up to 4 mm. long; corolla white,
sparsely strigose, the tube scarcely 6 mm. long; fruit purple or
violet, 1 cm. long.

Sabicea villosa R. & S., var. adpressa (Wernh.), comb. nov.
S. hirsuta HBK., var. adpressa Wernh. Monogr. Sabicea 55. 1914.

Don Diego, border of clearing, near the coast, H. H. Smith
2653 (F, W, M, P, S, Y.) Buenaventura, El Valle, on exposed cliffs
at sea level, Killip 11684 (W, G, Y). Puerto Wilches, Santander, in
marshy land, 100 m., Killip & Smith 14929 (W, Y). Widely
distributed in tropical America.

Stems appressed-hispid, otherwise like the tropical form.

38. BERTIERA Aubl.

Bertiera guianensis Aubl. PL Guian. 180. pi. 69. 1775.

Angostura, Magdalena, Andri 456 (K, Y). Reported from
Bogota by Schumann (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 325. 1889), on the
authority of Karsten. Widely distributed in tropical America.

A slender shrub; leaves short-petiolate, ovate-oblong or ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate, appressed-pilose, 9-15 cm. long; flowers
small, white, in terminal panicles; fruit a globose 10-costate berry
3.5 mm. long.

39. HAMELIA Jacq.

I lamella brachystemon Wernh. Journ. Bot. 49: 216. 1911.
Ocafia, Schlim 547 (K, type collection).

Leaves ternate, glabrate; corolla 1.5 cm. long, tubular; stamens
not exceeding the middle of the corolla tube.

Hamelia lutea Rohr ex Smith in Rees, Cycl. 5: 17. 1811.

Santa Marta, near sea level, H. H. Smith 1818 (F, W, G, M, P,
Y). Widely distributed in tropical America.

A shrub; leaves opposite, elliptic, glabrate; corolla short, yellow,
expanded above.

Hamelia odorata (H. & B.) Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5:
267. 1819 (as syn.). Duhamelia odorata H. & B. ex R. & S. Syst.
Veg. 5: 267. 1819. H. suaveolens HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 414.
1820.

Type collected along the Rio Magdalena near Garrapatas,
Badillas, etc., Bonpland.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 53

A shrub; leaves ternate or quaternate, nearly glabrous; flowers
sessile or nearly so; corolla tubular, purplish.

Hamelia patens Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 16. 1760. H. erecta
Jacq., 1. c. Schoenleinia thyrsoidea Miers, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. 4:
186. 1864.

Between Chindcota and La Esmeralda, Norte de Santander,
1,000-1,300 m., Killip & Smith 20915 (W). Chinacota, 1,400 m.,
Killip & Smith 20784 (W). Rio Surata Valley, Santander, 800-1,500
m., Killip & Smith 16364 (W). Bucamaranga, Santander, 1,000
m., Killip & Smith 16191 (W). East of Neiva, Huila, 800-1,000 m.,
Rusby & Pennell 418 (Y). Turbaco, 150-200 m., Pennell 4753 (Y).
Brazuela de Perales, Antioquia, 150 m., Pennett 3706 (G, Y). La
Virginia, Libano, Tolima, 1,100-1,400 m., Pennell 3294 (Y). La
Paila, Holton 439 (Y), 435 (Y). Cuchilla, El Valle, 1,100-1,400 m.,
Pennell, Killip & Hazen 8534 (G, Y). Guayabal, El Valle, 900 m.,
Killip 8353 (G, Y). Salazar, Kalbreyer 852 (K). Without locality,
Hartweg 1054 (K). Widely distributed in tropical America.

A shrub 1-3 m. high; leaves mostly ternate, pubescent or tomen-
tose beneath; corolla tubular, orange-red.

The specific name erecta has priority of position, but it is perhaps
preferable to use the long-established name patens.

Hamelia pedicellata Wernh. Journ. Bot. 49: 212. 1911. H.
tubiflora Wernh., 1. c.

Turbaco, 200-300 m., Killip & Smith 14167 (W, Y). Santa
Marta, at sea level to 600 m., H. H. Smith 394 (F, G, M, P, Y),
1817 (F, G, W, M, P, Y), 1812 (K, Y). Rio Frio, Santa Marta,
Walker 1274 (W, G, M). Barranquilla, Bro. Elias 113 (W), 116 (W) ;
Bro. Paul 15 (W). Cartagena, Bro. Heriberto 24 (W). Villavicencio,
Intendencia Meta, 500 m., Pennell 1570 (W, Y). Natagaima, Huila,
400 m., Rusby & Pennell 1194 (W, Y). La Paila, Holton 430 (G, P,
Y), 435 (K, P). Barranquilla, August 30, 1852, Holton (K, Y, type
collection of H. tubiflora). Medellin, Tow 329 (Y). Gamarra,
Magdalena, 50 m., Rusby & Pennell 26 (Y). Buenavista, Caldas,
180 m., Pennell & Rusby 64 (Y). Puerto Berrio, Antioquia, 140 m.,
Rusby 4793 (Y). Santa Marta, Purdie (G). Lake Sapatoza, Magda-
lena Valley, Allen 364 (K). Santa Marta, May, 1844, Purdie (K).
With9ut locality, Triana 1758 (K). Santa Marta, Schlim 949 (K).
Also in Venezuela.

A shrub; leaves mostly quaternate, nearly glabrous; corolla
orange-red, 1.5 cm. long; flowers mostly pedicellate; berries red or
purple.

Called "cresta de gallo" at Barranquilla.

40. HOFFMANNIA Sw.

Hoffmannia asperula Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 280. 1929.
San Antonio, above Cali, Cauca, 1,900 m., Pittier 767 (W, type).
Dauro, Toro 1137 (Y). La Palmilla, Quindio, Goudot (K).

54 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

A shrub, the branchlets villosulous; leaves opposite, petiolate,
oblong-oblanceolate, 15-21 cm. long, long-acuminate, long-attenuate
to the base, glabrous above, rough-puberulent beneath ; cymes short-
pedunculate, shorter than the petioles; calyx 1 mm. long, the lobes
triangular, acutish, pubemlent; corolla reddish yellow, sparsely
puberulent, the tube 3 mm. long, the lobes oblong, obtuse, 2 mm.
long.

Hoffmannia corona ta Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 282. 1929.

Tamesis, region of Medellin, Toro 974 (Y, type).

Branchlets densely appressed-pilose; leaves opposite, short-
petiolate, oblong-elliptic or oblong-obovate, 6-9 cm. long, acuminate,
long-attenuate to the base, glabrous above, beneath paler and
incurved-puberulent; cymes 2-3-flowered, long-pedunculate, the
flowers pedicellate; calyx lobes linear, ciliate, 2-3 mm. long; corolla
acute in bud, sparsely villosulous, the tube 1 mm. long, the lobes
ovate-oblong, 5 mm. long; berries oval, 6 mm. long.

Hoffmannia dichroantha Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 281. 1929.

In forest below Cascada Chorron, south of Antizales, Bolivar,
at 1,700-2,000 m., Pennell 4418 (Y, type).

A shrub, the branchlets bifariously ferruginous-puberulent;
leaves opposite, short-petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, 6-9.5 cm. long,
long-acuminate, narrowed to the base, minutely appressed-puberu-
lent beneath; cymes few-flowered, sessile or nearly so, the pedicels
1-2 mm. long; calyx scarcely 1 mm. long, the lobes ovate-triangular,
obtuse, ciliolate; corolla red, glabrous, acute in bud, 3 mm. long.

Hoffmannia glabra Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 281. 1929.

Valley of Charta, Santander, 2,000 m., Killip & Smith 19034
(W, type; Y). Charta, 2,600 m., Killip & Smith 19005 (W). Loso,
Norte de Santander, 2,200-2,400 m., Killip & Smith 20405 (W, Y).
Southern slope of Mt. San Martin, Santander, 2,300-2,500 m.,
Killip & Smith 19139 (W, Y). Above Fusagasuga, Cundinamarca,
1,800-2,300 m., Pennell 2707 (Y). Antioquia, Jervise (K); Cape
Corrientes, Seemann 1075 (K). Barroblanco, 2,400 m., Andre 1363
(K). Near Cartago, Cauca, Andre 2416 (K). San Moreno, Andre
K.1105 (K).

A shrub 1-1.5 m. high, the branchlets glabrous; leaves opposite,
slender-petiolate, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 8-19 cm. long, long-
acuminate, acute or acuminate and decurrent at the base, glabrous;
cymes densely many-flowered, equaling or shorter than the petioles,
sessile or pedunculate; calyx 1 mm. long, the lobes triangular, acute,
usually ciliolate; corolla pale yellow, glabrous, obtuse in bud, the
tube 4 mm. long, the lobes oblong or oval, 3 mm. long; berries oblong,
8 mm. long, black or wine-colored.

Hoffmannia Killipii Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 282. 1929.
Dense forest, Rio Santa Rita, Salento, Caldas, 1,600-1,800 m.,
Killip & Hazen 8986 (W, type; G).

THE RUBIACEAE OP COLOMBIA 55

A tree, the branchlets glabrous; leaves opposite, long-petiolate,
elliptic, 25 cm. long and 10-12 cm. wide, acute at the base, glabrous;
cymes laxly many-flowered, equaling or shorter than the petioles,
pedunculate, the pedicels 6-8 mm. long; calyx 0.7 mm. long, the
lobes broadly rounded; berries globose-oval, 4-5 mm. long, glabrous,
2-celled.

Hoffmannia pauciflora Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 280. 1929.

In damp forest near Valparaiso, region of Santa Marta, 1,050-
1,500 m., H. H. Smith 1814 (F, type; G, K, M, P, Y). Without
locality, Moritz 843 (W). Moist woods above Mancha, Santa Marta,
May, 1844, Purdie (K). Near San Sebastian, Santa Marta, June,
1844, Purdie (K).

A slender shrub 1-2.5 m. high, the branchlets villosulous or
puberulent; leaves opposite, slender-petiolate, oblong-elliptic to
oblanceolate-oblong, 8-13.5 cm. long, short-acuminate, acuminate
and decurrent at the base, glabrous above, minutely villosulous
beneath along the nerves; cymes 3-7-flowered, umbelliform, short-
pedunculate, shorter than the petioles, the pedicels 2-7 mm. long;
calyx scarcely 1 mm. long, the lobes broadly triangular, acutish;
corolla whitish, acutish in bud, glabrous or sparsely pilose, the tube
2 mm. long, the lobes oblong, 4-4.5 mm. long, acutish; fruit oblong,
4-7 mm. long, glabrous.

Hoffmannia triosteoides Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 279. 1929.

Western slope of Pena Blanca, near Charta, Santander, in dense
woods, 2,500 m., Killip & Smith 19265 (W, type; Y). Charta,
2,000-2,600 m., Killip & Smith 19314 (W, Y), 17449 (W), 19015
(W, Y). Southern slope of Mt. San Martin, near Charta, 2,300-2,500
m., Killip & Smith 19147 (W), 19141 (W). Between Piedecuesta
and Las Vegas, Santander, 2,000-2,500 m., Killip & Smith 21141
(W, Y). Loso, Norte de Santander, 2,200-2,400 m., Killip & Smith
20434 (W). Californ:a, Santander, 2,200 m., Killip & Smith 17092
(W). Rio Surata Valley, above Surata, Santander, 2,000-2,300 m.,
Killip & Smith 16597 (W, Y).

A shrub 0.6-1.8 m. high, the branchlets densely villous; leaves
opposite, petiolate, elliptic to oblong-obovate, 5-19 cm. long, abruptly
acuminate, abruptly acuminate or usually long-decurrent at the
base, green above and sparsely villous, paler beneath and densely
villous; cymes subsessile, densely few- or many-flowered, shorter
than the petioles, the pedicels 2 mm. long or less; calyx lobes linear,
1.5-2 or sometimes 6 mm. long, villosulous; corolla white, acutish
in bud, sparsely villous, the tube 1.8 mm. long, the lobes lance-
oblong, 6 mm. long; berries red* oval, 5-7 mm. long, sparsely villous.

Hoffmannia viridis Rusby, Descr. N. Sp. S. Amer. PI. 134.
1920.

Ravine in mountain forest, Don Amo Estate, region of Santa
Marta, 900 m., H. H. Smith 2649 (Y, type).

56 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

A glabrous shrub 1.5 m. high; leaves long-petiolate, oblong-
elliptic, 15-20 cm. long, 6-8 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate; inflo-
rescence lax, few-flowered, slender-pedunculate, equaling or shorter
than the petioles; pedicels slender, 4-6 mm. long; calyx lobes trian-
gular, acute; corolla in bud abruptly acuminate.

In the original description the lower leaf surface is described as
"very sparsely and minutely pilose." It is really glabrous and marked
with numerous short pale raphids.

41. RARITEBE Wernh.

Raritebe palicoureoides Wernh. Journ. Bot. 55: 337. 1917.

Type material from Susumino at 390 m. and Villavicencio at
900 m., Triana 1825.

A shrub, the young branches somewhat hirtellous, especially
about the nodes; stipules lanceolate, 5 mm. long, acuminate; leaves
elliptic, 12-17 cm. long, 4-6 cm. wide, acuminate at each end, glabrous;
flowers cymose-corymbose, the inflorescence many-flowered, pedun-
culate, hirtellous; calyx glabrous, the 5 teeth minute; corolla glabrous,
the tube 5-6 mm. long, the lobes narrowly oblong, 3 mm. long,
obtuse; fruit 2-celled, glabrous, 3-4 mm. long.

This is the only species of the genus known heretofore, but the
plant described below seems to be congeneric.

Raritebe viburnoides, sp. nov. — Arbor, ramulis gracilibus
teretibus dense adpressp-hirsutis, vetustioribus ferrugineo-brunneis,
internodiis elongatis; stipulae anguste triangulares, longiattenuatae,
10-14 mm. longae, adpresso-pilosae, tenues, brunneae, erectae et
adpressae, persistentes; folia opposita, petiolo 2-3 mm. longo setuloso-
piloso; lamina ovata vel elliptico-ovata, 6-8 cm. longa, 3-4 cm. lata,
acuminata, basi late rotundata, papyracea, supra yiridis, lucida,
ad costam hispidula, nervis subimpressis, subtus lucida, ad nervos
strigosa, aliter glabra, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque
latere c. 6, angulo acuto adscendentibus, prominentibus, subarcuatis,
remote a margine conjunctis, nervulis prominulis laxe reticulatis;
inflorescentia terminalis, cymoso-corymbosa, dense multiflora, c. 2
cm. longa et 4 cm. lata, trichotoma, ramulis adpresso-pilosis patenti-
bus, floribus sessilibus secundis; bracteae 1.5-4 mm. longae lineares
vel subulatae; hypanthium obovoideum 1 mm. longum fere glabrum;
calyx 1.5 mm. longus profunde 5-lobus, laciniis lineari-subulatis
acutis recurvis sinu lato separatis; corolla alba, infundibuliformis,
extus glabra, 5-5.5 mm. longa, tubo crasso superne paullo ampliato,
lobis 5 ovatis acuminatis; bacca globosa 4-5 mm. longa sparse stri-
gillosa 2-locularis; semina minuta angulata. — Colombia: In forest,
La Gallera, Micay Valley, Cordillera Occidental, Dept. El Cauca,
alt. 1,900-2,000 m., July 1, 1922, Ellsworth P. Killip 7934 (U. S. Nat.
Herb. No. 1,140,960, type; duplicate in G).

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 57

42. POSOQUERIA Aubl.

Posoqueria latifolia (Rudge) R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 227. 1819.
Solena latifolia Rudge, PI. Guian. 1: 26. 1806. Tocoyena Mutisii
HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 411. 1820. T. longifolia HBK., 1. c. T.
macrophylla HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 412. 1820. Stannia grandi-
flora Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: 31. pi. 16. 1859. P. platysiphonia Rusby,
Descr. N. Sp. S. Amer. PL 132. 1920.

Atrato and Iruand6, December, 1857, Schott (F). Villavicencio,
525 m., Pennell 1488 (Y). Near Valparaiso, Santa Marta, 1,200 m.,
H. H. Smith 1655 (F, W, M, P; Y, type of P. platysiphonia). Rio
Boquilla, Salento, Caldas, 1,600-1,900 m., Killip & Hazen 8794
(W). Gorgona Island, Seemann (G). Without locality, Purdie (P).
Honda, Ariste- Joseph A3 82 (W). San Andre's de la Sierra, 1,100-
1,300 m., Pittier 1699 (W). Mountains of New Granada, Purdie
(G). Honda, Tolima, Ariste- Joseph A747 (W). Without locality,
Bruchmuller (K). Plains of Maragusta, April, 1846, Purdie (K).
Ocana, Schlim 682 (K). Types of T. Mutisii and T. longifolia from
Colombia, Mutis; type of T. macrophylla collected along the banks
of the Rio Magdalena between Mompox and El Pen6n, and near
Honda, Bonpland. The species is widely distributed in tropical
America.

A glabrous tree, sometimes 6 m. high; leaves mostly oval or
oblong and 8-20 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate, coriaceous;
flowers white, in dense terminal cymes; corolla tube slender, 13-18
cm. long; fruit globose, 4-5 cm. in diameter, yellow, edible, full of
large seeds.

"Narciso de monte" (Turdie); "cachaco" (Villavicencio); "chu-
rumbelo" (Cartagena). Called in Panama "borajo," "boca vieja,"
"fruta de mono," "huevo de mono," and "fruta de murcie*lago."
The tree is a very showy one in flower. P. platysiphonia is distin-
guishable only by the broad corolla tube, and I suspect that this
had its origin only in heavy pressure during the drying of the speci-
mens. Killip & Hazen 8794 is a fruiting specimen, remarkable for
its broad rounded leaves. Flowering material may show it to be a
distinct species.

Posoqueria maxima, sp. nov. — Ramuli crassi subteretes
glabri; stipulae rotundato-ovatae, apice rotundatae, 27 mm. longae
et 20 mm. latae, glabrae, parallele venosae, deciduae; petiolus
crassus 2-3 cm. longus; lamina suborbicularis, subcoriacea, c. 28
cm. longa et 25 cm. lata, basi late rotundata, glabra, costa nervisque
supra vix elevatis subtus prominentibus, nervis lateralibus utroque
latere c. 8, angulo acuto adscendentibus, gracilibus, arcuatis, prope
marginem conjunctis; calyx 2 mm. longus brevissime lobatus, lobis
late rotundatis; corolla extus glabra, tubo gracili 29 cm. longo, basi
3 mm. lato, superne 7 mm. lato, lobis 5 anguste oblongis, apice
rotundatis, reflexis, 4-4.5 cm. longis, 1 cm. latis, intus minute papil-

58 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

losis; antherae exsertae lineares acuminatae 12 mm. longae. —
Colombia: "New Granada," Purdie (Gray Herb., type).

Although the single specimen seen is not an altogether satis-
factory one, it seems to .represent a species clearly distinct. From
P. latifolia it differs in the large leaves and stipules and very long
corolla; from P. longiflora Aubl. in the broad leaves and stipules.
The flowers are even larger than is usual in P. longiflora.

Posoqueria Spraguei Wernh. Kew Bull. 1914: 66. 1914.

Type from San Jose*, in a creek of the Rio Putamayo, Caqueta
District, Sprague.

A glabrous shrub; leaves oval, 25 cm. long, 12 cm. wide, very
shortly acuminate; corolla tube more than 23 cm. long.

Perhaps only a form of P. latifolia.

Posoqueria velutina, sp. nov. — Ramuli validi subteretes,
novellis dense velutino-puberulis, vetustioribus ochraceis; stipulae
4-5 mm. longae, late ovato-triangulares, obtusae, puberulae, cilio-
latae; folia opposita, petiolo crasso 4-6 mm. longo supra sulcato
puberulo; lamina coriacea, late elliptica vel rotundato-elliptica,
rarius oblonga, 9-11 cm. longa, 5.5-8 cm. lata, apice obtusa vel
subrotundata, basi obtusa vel abrupte breviterque angustata, supra
flavo-viridis, glabra, costa nervisque manifestis sed non elevatis,
subtus paullo pallidior, dense velutino-puberula, costa crassa pro-
minente, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 7, gracilibus, prominen-
tibus, angulo acuto adscendentibus, nervulis obsoletis; cymae
pedunculatae pauciflorae, floribus longipedicellatis, pedicellis minute
puberulis; calyx 2-3 mm. longus glaber, lobis late ovatis obtusis
ciliolatis; corollae tubus 6-7 cm. longus, 3-4 mm. latus, extus sparse
puberulus vel fere glaber, obis oblongis obtusis fere 1.5 cm. longis;
antherae c. 8 mm. longae acuminatae furfuraceo-strigosae. — Colom-
bia: Salgar, region of Medellin, July 20, 1928, Rafael A. Toro 1257
(Herb. N. Y. Bot. Card., type).

The other Colombian species of this genus have glabrous leaves
and flowers.

43. TOCOYENA Aubl.

Tocoyena foetida Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 25. pi.
129. 1845.

Reported by Schumann (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 346. 1889) from
Maypures, Spruce 3582. Also in Brazil.

A shrub or small tree, the branchlets pilose with appressed or
spreading hairs; leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate or obovate-
oblong, 15-35 cm. long, acuminate, acute at the base, subtomentose
and scabrous above, beneath softly pubescent; inflorescence terminal,
subcapitate, sessile, few-flowered; calyx lobes subulate, very acute,
erect, short- villous; corolla ochroleucous, 18-20 cm. long, the tube
very slender, the lobes ovate-oblong, pubescent outside, 2.5-3 cm.
long.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 59

44. SPHINCTANTHUS Benth.

Sphinctanthus polycarpus (Karst.) Hook. f. ex Schum. in
Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 354. 1889. Conosiphon polycarpus Karst. Fl.
Columb. 2: 95. pi 149. 1865.

Type from the Rio Meta, at 300-400 m., Karsten.

A shrub; stipules triangular, acute; leaves petiolate, obovate-
lanceolate, acuminate, attenuate at the base, glabrous, subcoriaceous,
18 cm. long, 5-6 cm. wide; flowers terminal, short-pedicellate,
glomerate-cymose, about 2.5 cm. long, greenish-white; calyx 5-6-
dentate; corolla funnelform, the tube elongate, minutely sericeous,
the lobes lanceolate, acute, half as long as the tube; fruit oval, as
large as a walnut, fleshy, many-seeded.

45. RANDIA L.

Randia aculeata L. Sp. PI. 1192. 1753. R. mitis L., 1. c.
R. latifolia Lam. Encycl. 3: 24. 1789. R. obovata HBK. Nov. Gen.
& Sp. 3: 409. 1818, not R. & P. 1799.

Santa Marta, on seashore, H. H. Smith 1811 (F, G, W, P); alt.
75 m., H. H. Smith 1867 (F, W, P), 2400 F, W, P). Girardot,
Cundinamarca, 350-400 m., Rusby & Pennell 90 (F, G, W, Y). Tener-
ife, Andre 207 (K, Y). Fusagasuga, Andrt 1608 (K, Y). Rio Saldana to
Natagaima, 400-450 m., Rusby & Pennell 248 (Y). Llano de Ibague",
Holton 411 (Y). Type of R. obovata collected at the mouth of the
Sinu, Bonpland. The species is widely distributed in the West Indies,
Central America, and Mexico.

A very spiny shrub; leaves mostly obovate or rounded-oboyate
and 2-6 cm. long, glabrous or nearly so; flowers perfect, terminal,
solitary or clustered; corolla 6-8 m. long, white, the throat barbate;
fruit globose, 6-12 mm. in diameter, the pulp blackish and full of
large seeds.

The name Randia mitis precedes R. aculeata on the page, but
DeCandolle in uniting the two Linnaean species employed the name
R. aculeata, which has been used by most subsequent authors.

Randia formosa (Jacq.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 342.
1889. Mussaenda formosa Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 16. 1760.

Type from Cartagena, Jacquin. Cartagena, Bro. Heriberto 111
(W), 224. (W). Usiacuri, 250 m., Bro. Elias 304 (W). Barranquilla,
Bro. Elias 345 (W). San Martin de Loba, Bolivar, 100 m., Curran 180
(W). Buenayista, Bolivar, 100 m., Pennell 3975 (W, Y). Santa
Marta, Purdie (K). Cartagena, Turbaco, Goudot (K). Orocne", Rio
Meta, 100-400 m., Lehmann 8750 (K). Puerto Wilches, Rusby &
Pennell 4804 (Y). Ranging to Peru and Brazil, Panama, and the
West Indies.

An unarmed shrub; leaves mostly ovate or elliptic and 3-7 cm.
long, puberulent or appressed-pilose beneath; flowers perfect,

60 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

terminal, solitary, sessile; corolla white, the slender tube 5-10 cm.
long; fruit oval, 2-3 cm. long.

Randia Gaumeri Greenm. & Thomps. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1:
410. 1915.

Santa Marta, 30 m., H. H. Smith 1717 (F, W, P). Hills above
Santa Marta Bay, June, 1916, Curran (W). Also in Yucatan.

A very spiny shrub; leaves cuneate-orbicular, small, glabrous,
ciliolate, blackening when dried; flowers perfect, terminal, sessile;
corolla 5-6 mm. long, the throat glabrous.

It may be that more ample material will reveal differences
between the Colombian and Yucatan plants, but none are apparent
in the several specimens now at hand.

Randia spinosa (Jacq.) Karst. Fl. Columb. 2: 128. 1869.
Mussaenda spinosa Jacq. Sel. Stirp. 70. 1763. Gardenia armata Sw.
Prodr. 51. 1788. Mussaenda pubescens HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3:
410. 1818. M. nitida HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 410. 1818. Gardenia
Humboldtiana R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 243. 1825. M. Humboldtiana
Steud. Nom. Bot. 540. 1821. G. pubescens Bartl. ex DC. Prodr. 4:
387. 1830, as syn. R. armata DC. Prodr. 4:387. 1830. R. nitida DC.,
I.e. R. dioica Karst. Linnaea 30: 153. 1859-60. R. hondensis Karst.
Linnaea 30: 154. 1859-60. Basanacantha spinosa Schum. in Mart.
Fl. Bras. 66: 376. 1889. B. spinosa var. nitida Schum., op. cit. 378.
1889. Basacantha dioica Hook. f. ex Ind. Kew. 277. 1895.

Type from Cartagena, Jacquin. Cartagena, Schott 1 (F); Bro.
Heriberto 123 (W). San Martin de Loba, Bolivar, Curran 98 (W).
Opposite Boca Carare, Antioquia, 125 m., Pennell 3826 (W, Y).
Upper Rio Lebrija Valley, Santander, 400-700 m., Killip & Smith
16299 (W, Y). Panche, Andre 1689 (K, Y). Turbaco, Bolivar,
200-300 m., Killip & Smith 14697 (Y). Type of M. nitida from
Turbaco, Bonpland, Type of R. hondensis from the Magdalena
Valley at 260 m., Karsten. Type of R. dioica collected in Colombia
by Karsten. The species is widely distributed in tropical America.

A spiny shrub or small tree; leaves large, usually pubescent,
at least beneath; flowers dioecious; corolla white or yellowish,
glabrous, the tube about 2.5 cm. long; fruit oval or subglobose,
2.5-3.5 cm. long.

"Manangolo" (Curran).

46. GENIPAL.

Genipa americana L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 931. 1759.

Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 2646 (F, W, M, P, Y); Purdie (P).
San Andre's de la Sierra, Magdalena, Pittier 1703 (W). Carare,
Andre 320 bis (K). La Paila, Holton 441 (Y). Without locality,
Lehmann B.T.912 (Y). Widely distributed in tropical America.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 61

A large or medium-sized tree; leaves large, obovate, short-
petioled, glabrous; flowers yellowish white, 2-4.5 cm. long, in small
terminal cymes; fruit globose, brownish, 6-7 cm. in diameter, the
pulp filled with numerous large compressed seeds.

Genipa caruto HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 407. 1820. G. ameri-
cana var. caruto Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 352. 1889.

Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 93 (F, W, P). Greene", Rio Meta,
100-400 m., Lehmann 8748 (F). Widely distributed in tropical
America.

Differing from G. americana in the dense pubescence of the
under surface of the leaves.

Called "jagua" in Panama; "caruto" in Venezuela; "bi," "bicito,"
and "tutumillo" in Bolivia; "jenipapa," "jenipabo," in Brazil;
"tapuripa" in Surinam. This tree and the preceding one are common
and widely dispersed in tropical America. Their wood is strong and
resistant, flexible, whitish, tinged with gray. It is used for many
purposes. The bark is rich in tannin. The scant pulp of the fruit
is edible, but not very palatable, and its juice is sometimes fermented
to produce an intoxicating beverage. Upon cloth the juice produces
a permanent brownish or blackish stain, and it was much used by
the Indians for dyeing. It was employed commonly, and is still
utilized in some regions, for painting the body, giving almost the
same general effect as tattooing.

47. DUROIA L. f.

Duroia genipoides Hook. f. in B. & H. Gen. PL 2: 82. 1873.
Type from Maypures on the Orinoco, Spruce 8624-

Branchlets glabrous; leaves ternate, short-petiolate, obovate to
oblong, 9-12 cm. long, shortly obtuse-acuminate or obtuse, cuneate
at the base, coriaceous, glabrous; fruits long-pedicellate, narrowly
oblong, 2-3 cm. long, 1.5 cm. in diameter, rounded at base and apex.

Duroia hirsuta (Poepp. & Endl.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
66: 367. 1889. Amaioua hirsuta Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3:
25. pi. 230. 1845. Schachtia dioica Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: 89. pi. 44-
1860.

Type of S. dioica from Villavicencio, Karsten. Villavicencio,
450 m., Pennell 1470 (Y). Without locality, Triana (K). Also in
Brazil.

A shrub or small tree 3-4.5 m. high; leaves obovate-oblong,
cuspidate-acuminate, hispid, 18-25 cm. long; flowers in dense
terminal cymes; corolla 2.5 cm. long; fruit baccate, ellipsoid-globose,
3 cm. long.

62 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VII

Called "turma de mico" in Colombia. The internodes of the
branches often are inflated and inhabited by ants.

Duroia Spraguei Wernh. Kew Bull. 1914: 66. 1914.

Type from Mocoa, Caqueta District, Sprague 369.

A tree; leaves thin, broadly oblanceolate, about 23 cm. long and
10 cm. wide, cuspidate, hispid beneath; flowers subsolitary; corolla
sericeous; ovary densely sericeous-hispid.

Vernacular name, "taruquilla."

48. AMAIOUA Aubl.

Amaioua guianensis Aubl. almost certainly occurs in Colombia,
because it is known from Panama and the Guianas, but no Colombian
specimens have been seen. The fruit is called "amajoua" or "graines
a Tatou" in French Guiana; "canella de neado," "pimentao," and
"marmelada brava" in Brazil; "madrono torcido" in Panama.

49. ALIBERTIA A. Rich.

Alibertia edulis A. Rich. Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 5: 234.
pl.21,f.l. 1830.

Estrella, Carlo Papayal, Curran 386 (W). Without locality,
Triana 1841 (K). Widely distributed in tropical America.

A glabrous shrub or tree with lance-oblong or ovate-lanceolate,
acute or acuminate leaves; flowers dioecious, white, sessile, solitary
or fascicled; fruit a globose berry 2.5 cm. in diameter.

"Guayabo Peru" (Curran); "perita" (Schumann).

Alibertia Garapatica Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 384. 1889.
Garapatica edulis Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: 57. pi. 28. 1858, not A.
edulis A. Rich. 1830.

Type collected near Tomaraz6n and Chiriguana, region of Santa
Marta, Karsten. Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 798 (F, M, P, S). Saha-
gun, Bolivar, Pennell J^087a (Y). Also in Panama.

A glabrous shrub or small tree; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic or
oblong-elliptic, 7-10 cm. long, short-acuminate; staminate flowers
whitish, in dense terminal clusters, the pistillate in terminal clusters
of 5 or more; fruits small, globose.

"Garapatica."

Alibertia hexagyna Karst. Linnaea 30: 144. 1859-60.

Type from inundated banks of the Rio Meta, Karsten.

A shrub 2-3 m. high; leaves lanceolate, coriaceous, glabrous,
pilose beneath in the axils of the veins; stipules lanceolate, acute,
persistent; flowers terminal, the staminate cymose, white; calyx

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 63

limb 4-5-dentate; corolla sericeous; pistillate flowers solitary, the
calyx 5-dentate, the teeth linear; fruit fleshy, many-seeded.
"Perita."

Alibertia pedicellata Wernh. Kew Bull. 1914: 66. 1914.

Type from Mocoa, Caqueta District, Sprague 362. Without
locality, Triana 1838 (K, Y).

A glabrous tree; leaves oblanceolate, obovate, or elliptic, acute
or acuminate, 16-20 cm. long; flowers short-racemose; fruit ellipsoid,
2.5 cm. long.

50. RETINIPHYLLUM H. & B.

Retiniphyllum concplor (Spruce) Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl.
Bras. 65: 8. 1881. Commianthus concolor Spruce ex Benth. Journ.
Bot. 5: 235. 1853.

Reported by Mueller (1. c.) from San Carlos on the Rio Negro,
Spruce 3535. Also in Brazil.

A shrub 3 m. high; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-elliptic, 9-18
cm. long, cuspidate, acute at the base, minutely scabrous beneath
on the veins, the lateral veins 11-16 pairs; flowers in terminal racemes,
the flowers pedicellate; calyx obsoletely 5-dentate; corolla 3 cm.
long, puberulent, the lobes scarcely half as long as the tube; fruit
baccate, 6 mm. long, 5-angled.

Retiniphyllum truncatum Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66:
11. 1881.

Type collected along the Rio Negro above the mouth of the Rio
Casiquiare, Spruce 3131.

Glabrous; leaves lance-elliptic, subacute at each end, 6-8 cm.
long, the lateral veins 10-11 pairs; flowers in terminal pedunculate
spikes longer than the leaves, the flowers sessile; calyx minutely
5-denticulate; corolla 15-17 mm. long.

51. MACHAONIA H. & B.

Machaonia acuminata H. & B. PI. Aequin. 1: 101. pi. 29.
1808; Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 102. pi. 89, f. 1. 1888.

Garz6n, Rio Madalena, 400-1,000 m., Lehmann 8648 (F, Y).
Magdalena Valley, Goudot (K). Without locality, Andre K.I 106
(K). Also in Ecuador and Brazil.

A small tree; leaves densely pubescent beneath; sepals ovate,
obtuse; fruit pubescent.

"Espuela de gallo."

Machaonia grandis Wernh. Journ. Bot. 51: 220. 1913.
Type from Choro, Barbacoas, Triana 1625.
A shrub; leaves oval, short-acuminate, 8 cm. long, glabrous;
calyx lobes oblong, obtuse, ciliate; fruit glabrous.

64 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Machaonia Ottonis (Schum.) Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 511.
1908. Machaonia spinosa var. Ottonis Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
66: 100. 1888.

Without locality, Wagner (G); Wagner 35 (W); Linden 1546
(G). Orocne", Rio Meta, 100-500 m.,Lehmann 8747 (F). Rio Saldana
to Natagaima, Huila, 400 m., Rusby & Pennell 251 (G, Y). Also in
Brazil.

A shrub, the branchlets often with spinose tips; leaves ovate or
elliptic, acute or acuminate, 3-6 cm. long, glabrous; flowers small,
in large corymbiform panicles; calyx lobes suborbicular; fruit densely
pubescent.

52. GUETTARDA L.

Guettarda cordata HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 420. 1820.
Type from Cuesta de Tolima, Bonpland

Leaves ovate-elliptic, deeply cordate at the base, rounded at
the apex, whitish-tomentose beneath.

Guettarda crispiflora Vahl, a West Indian species, is reported
from Bogota by Kunth (HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 420. 1820),
but the record doubtless is based upon specimens of some other
species.

Guettarda discolor Rusby, Descr. N. Sp. S. Amer. PI. 134.
1920.

Mountain forest, Sierra de Libano, region of Santa Marta, 1,650
m., H. H. Smith 1809 (Y, type). Also in Venezuela.

A tree; leaves elliptic to lance-oblong, 7-10 cm. long, 3-5 cm.
wide, abruptly acuminate at each end, minutely grayish-tomentose
beneath, puberulent along the nerves; inflorescences furcate, the
branches simple, the flowers conspicuously secund; corolla tube 12
mm. long.

Guettarda malacophylla Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 288. 1929.

On Rio Magdalena, Neiva and Timana, 400-1,200 m., Lehmann
8710 (Y, type). Without locality, Goudot (K).

A tree 7.5 m. high, the young branchlets densely pilose; leaves
very shortly petiolate, oval to obovate-elliptic, 3.5-6 cm. long,
short-acuminate, obtuse or broadly rounded at the base, densely
velvety-pilose on both surfaces with spreading hairs; flowers cymose-
capitate, the cymes few-flowered, nearly sessile; hypanthium terete,
tomentose; corolla densely sericeous, the tube 7-8 mm. long.

Guettarda hirsuta (R. & P.) Pers. has been reported (HBK. Nov.
Gen. & Sp. 3: 420. 1820) from Ibague" and Cuesta de Tolima. The
species is a Peruvian one, and probably does not occur in Colombia.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 65

Guettarda ocoteaefolia Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 289. 1929.

Near Panche, 1,550 m., Andre 1670 (F, type; G, K, Y). Fusaga-
suga, 1,800 m., Andre 1448 (K, Y).

Young branchlets densely strigillose; leaves petiolate, oblanceo-
late-oblong or oblong-obovate, 8-18 cm. long, obtuse or nearly
rounded and abruptly short-acuminate at the apex, sometimes acute,
narrowed to the acute or obtuse base, scaberulous or glabrate above,
paler beneath, sparsely and minutely strigillose or glabrate; cymes
dense, few-flowered, long-pedunculate; hypanthium tomentose;
corolla densely grayish-sericeous, the tube 15 mm. long, the 5
lobes oval, 5-6 mm. long.

Guettarda odorata (Jacq.) Lam. 111. Gen. 2: 219. 1793.
Laugeria odorata Jacq. Sel. Stirp. Amer. 64. pi. 177, f. 21. 1763.

Type from Cartagena, Jacquin. Cartagena, Bro. Heriberto 345
(W). Without locality, Funck & Schlim 623 (Y). Also in Venezuela.

A shrub or small tree; leaves mostly elliptic or rhombic-obovate,
3-6 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate, appressed-pilose beneath
along the veins; corolla tube 1-1.5 cm. long; fruit globose, 6 mm.
in diameter.

Guettarda roupalaefolia Rusby, Descr. N. Sp. S. Amer. PL
135. 1920.

Three miles east of Masinga; Minca, region of Santa Marta,
600 m., H. H. Smith 441 (Y, type; F, W, G, M, P, S). Trail from
Rio Frio to San Andres de la Sierra, Magdalena, 200 m., Pittier
1717 (W).

A tree; leaves long-petioled, broadly ovate or rounded-elliptic,
10-20 cm. long, obtuse to acuminate, grayish-tomentose beneath;
corolla pinkish, the tube 12 mm. long.

Guettarda Rusbyi Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 288. 1929.

Rocky hill at gorge above Natagaima, Huila, 450-500 m., Rusby
& Pennell 1154 (F, type; W, Y, G, M). Along stream, Espinal to
Cuamo, Tolima, 400 m., Pennell & Rusby 200 (Y). Piedras, 600
m., Andre 1940 (F, K, Y), 1898 (Y, K). Without locality, Funck &
Schlim 644 (Y); Lehmann 8677 (Y, G, K). Above Honda, Holton
409 (K, Y). Without locality, Lehmann B.T.905 (G, K); Goudot
(K); Triana 1748 (K), 1746 (K).

A tree, the young branchlets strigillose; leaves short-petiolate,
ovate-elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 5-12.5 cm. long, acuminate, rounded
or obtuse at the base, scaberulous or glabrate above, strigillose or
rarely puberulent beneath along the nerves; cymes dense, few-
flowered, long-pedunculate; corolla tube 10-13 mm. long, densely seri-
ceous, the lobes oval, 3 mm. long; fruit oval, 7-12 mm. long, 4-celled.

Guettarda sabiceoides Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 289. 1929.

Forests of the Rio Palace", highlands of Popayan, 1,500-1,800 m.,
Lehmann B.T.950 (K); Triana 1749 (K). La Gallera, Micay Valley,
Cauca, in forest, 1,400 m., Kittip 7699 (W, G).

66 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VII

Young branchlets strigose and puberulent; leaves slender-petio-
late, oblong-elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 10-15 cm. long, abruptly
acuminate, abruptly decurrent at the base, glabrous above, minutely
sericeous beneath along the nerves; inflorescences furcate, pedun-
culate, the branches 1-2 cm. long, densely many-flowered, the
flowers secund; hypanthium 5-angled; corolla 6-7 mm. long, reflexed-
pilose; drupe 5 mm. long, 5-celled.

53. CHOMELIA Jacq.

Chomelia spinosa Jacq. Sel. Stirp. Amer. 18. pi. 13. 1763.
Anisomeris spinosa Schum. in E. & P. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 44: 98.
1891. C. brachyloba Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 136. 1916.
C. longicaudata Rusby, Bull. Torrey Club 52: 139. /. 1. 1925.

Type from Cartagena, Jacquin. Torrecilla, Bolivar, 150-300
m., Kittip & Smith 14394 (W, Y). Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 392
(F, W, G, M, P; Y, type of C. longicaudata). Cartagena, Bro. Heri-
berto 135 (W). Usiacuri, 250 m., Bro. Elias 270 (W). Santa Marta,
Purdie (G, K). Earrauquilla, Bro. Elias 518 (W). Lower Magdalena,
Dawe 435 (W, K). Also in Panama.

A shrub or small tree, armed with stout spines; leaves ovate
or elliptic, pilosulous when young; flowers yellowish white, in small
slender-peduncled cymes; fruit drupaceous, black at maturity.

54. MALANEA Aubl.

Malanea colombiana, sp. nov. — Frutex vel arbor, ramulis
gracilibus subteretibus ferrugineo-brunneis lenticellis numerosis
elevatis pallidis notatis, novellis dense cinereo-strigosis, internodiis
elongatis; stipulae deciduae, ellipticae, 7-10 mm. longae, acutae,
extus sericeae, erectae; folia opposita, petiolo 4-14 mm. longo stri-
goso; lamina ovalis, elliptica vel ovali-ovata, 5-11 cm. longa, 2.5-7.5
cm. lata, apice obtusa vel rotundata et abrupte acuminata, acumine
obtuso brevissimo vel usque ad 1.5 cm. longo, basi rotundata, crasse
membranacea, supra viridis, glabra vel ad costam sparse strigillosa,
subtus vix pallidior, praesertim ad nervos sparse strigillosa, costa
nervisque gracilibus elevatis, nervis lateralibus utrpque latere c. 7,
angulo acuto adscendentibus, arcuatis, juxta marginem conjunctis;
inflorescentiae axillares, graciliter longipedunculatae, foliis saepe
longiores, trichotomae, floribus sessilibus glomerato-spicatis, spicis
paniculatis, ramulis pilis griseis subadpressis dense indutis, bracteolis
decussatis ovatis acutis strigillosis calyce brevioribus; hypanthium
obovoideum glabrum 1 mm. longum; calyx 4-lobus, 1.3 mm. longus,
glaber, lobis inaequalibus ovatis obtusis; corolla alba vel viridi-
lutescens, extus glabra, 2.5 mm. longa, lobis oblongis obtusis paten-
tibus intus albo-pilosis; stylus exsertus; fructus oblongus, 6 mm.
longus, 3 mm. latus, glaber, apice calyce persistente coronatus. —
Colombia: In moist soil along railroad, Buenaventura, El Valle, at
sea level, Francis W. Pennell and Ellsworth P. Killip 5987 (U. S.
Nat. Herb. No. 1,140,580, type; duplicates in G and Y); in coastal

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 67

thickets and forest, October 5-10, 1922, Kittip 11701 (W, G, Y),
11764 CN, G, Y).

55. PITTONIOTIS Griseb.

Pittoniotis trichantha Griseb. Bonplandia 8: 8. 1858. Antir-
rhea trichantha Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 42. 1881.

Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 2085 (F, P). Also in Panama.

A small tree; leaves petiolate, broadly ovate or ovate-elliptic,
6-14 cm. long, abruptly acuminate, thin, appressed-pilose beneath;
flowers small, in dense panicled cymes, the flowers secund along the
slender branches; corolla 4-5 mm. long; drupe 2-3-celled, 5-6 mm.
long.

56. CHIOGOCCA L.

Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc. Kept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 94. 1893.
Lonicera alba L. Sp. PI. 175. 1753. C. racemosa L. Syst. Nat. ed.
10. 917. 1759. C. brachiata R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 67. pi. 219. 1799.
C. anguifuga Mart. Spec. Mat. Med. Bras. 17. pi. 5. 1824.

Cali and Quilichao, Cauca, 1,000-1,500 m., Lehmann 7640 (F,
W). Guaduas, Cundinamarca, Ariste-Joseph A867 (W). Mesa de
los Santos, Santander, 1,000-1,500 m., Kittip & Smith 14985 (W, Y),
15432 (W, Y). La Cumbre, El Valle, 1,650-1,850 m., Pennell 5717
(W). Cali, 1,000-1,500 m., Lehmann 8265 (W). Fusagasuga to
Pandi, Cundinamarca, 1,000-1,200 m., Pennell 2753 (W, G, Y).
Rio Surata Valley, 1,500-1,800 m., Kittip & Smith 16434 (W, Y).
Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 85 (F, W, P), 2406 (F, W), 94 (F, P),
1836 (F, P), 839 (F, G, P). Fusagasuga, 1,800 m., Andre 1372
(F, K, Y). La Plata, Tolima, 1,000-1,200 m., Lehmann 8469 (F).
San Agustin, Tolima, 400-1,600 m., Lehmann 2303 (F). La Paila,
Cauca, Holton 434 (G, P), 433 (P). Rio Hacha, September, 1844,
Purdie (K). Near Cali(?), Andre K.1108 (K, Y). Between Palmira
and Cali, Andre 2611 (K). Guaduas, Andre 543 (K, Y). Opia,
December, 1852, Holton (Y). Santa Marta, Purdie (Y). Widely
distributed in tropical America.

A shrub, the branches often long and pendent or subscandent;
flowers pale yellow or nearly white; fruit white, compressed, fleshy.

Called "raiz de murcie'lago" at Turbaco.

The species is a variable one as to size and shape of the leaves,
size of the corolla, and size of the fruit. It seems impossible to
distinguish definitely the segregates which have been proposed.

Chiococca micrantha J. R. Johnston, Proc. Amer. Acad. 40:
696. 1905.

Tierrabomba Island, Cartagena Bay, Kittip & Smith 14129 (Y).
Also in Venezuela.

A shrub 1-3 m. high; leaves lanceolate, 3-5 cm. long, acuminate,
attenuate to the base; inflorescences about 3-flowered, the flowers

68 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

pedicellate; corolla small, greenish, about twice as long as the calyx;
fruit white, 3 mm. broad.

57. COFFEA L.

Coffea arabica L. Sp. PI. 172. 1753.

Coffee is, of course, one of the principal products of Colombia, as
in most tropical American countries, and it is grown in the mountains
upon a large scale. That of Colombia holds a high reputation in the
markets of the world because of its superior quality, ranking with
that of Venezuela, Ecuador, and Central America.

58. IXORA L.

Ixora floribunda (A. Rich.) Griseb. Cat. PI. Cub. 134. 1866.
Siderodendron floribundum A. Rich, in Sagra, Hist. Cub. 11: 24.
1850.

Jiracasaca, 750 m., H. H. Smith 858 (Y), 1777 (F, W, G, M,
P, Y). Forest near Masinga, 180 m., H. H. Smith 858 (Y); at 240
m., H. H. Smith 858 (Y). Santa Marta, 300 m., H. H. Smith 858
(F, W, G, M, P, Y). Without locality, Triana 1729 (K). Magdalena
Valley, Goudot 12 (K). Also in Cuba and Bolivia.

A shrub or tree, sometimes 18 m. high; leaves petiolate, oblanceo-
late-oblong to elliptic or oblong-oval, obtuse to short-acuminate,
acute at the base, glabrous; flowers white or pinkish, in terminal
sessile pubescent panicles; corolla glabrous, the tube 5-6 mm. long,
the oblong spreading lobes slightly shorter; stamens exserted.

59. MORINDA L.

Morinda panamensis Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 136. 1854.

San Martin de Loba, Bolivar, Curran 74 (W), 185 (W). Estrella,
Bolivar, Curran 326 (W). Also in Central America.

A shrub or tree, sometimes 6 m. high, with a trunk 10 cm. in
diameter; wood yellow; leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic, acuminate,
4-10 cm. wide, glabrous or nearly so; flowers white or pink, 1.5 cm.
long, the heads on peduncles 1-3 cm. long.

Called "y«na de huevo."

Morinda Roioc L. Sp. PI. 176. 1753.

Cartagena, Bro. Heriberto 65 (W), 31 (W); Bro. Elias 494 (W);
Schott, November, 1857 (F). Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 312 (F, W,
P), 2546 (F). Manga Island, Cartagena, Killip & Smith 14013
(W, Y). La Popa, near Cartagena, Killip & Smith 14061 (W, Y).
Widely distributed in tropical America.

A shrub or small tree of coastal thickets, often subscandent;
leaves mostly linear-oblong to oblanceolate-oblong, acute or acumi-
nate, glabrous or nearly so; flowers 1 cm. long, the small dense
heads on peduncles 3-10 mm. long.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 69

A note with Schott specimen reads: "Said to be very poisonous.
Sea water taken internally acts as an emetic and as an antidote."

Morinda turbacensis HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 380. 1820.

Type collected between Cartagena and Turbaco, Bonpland.

A shrub; leaves obovate-oblong, acute, hirtellous, softly pubescent
beneath, 7.5 cm. long; heads very shortly pedunculate; corolla
villous-hirtous.

This species seems to be known only from the original collection.
It may be only a form of M. Roioc.

60. COUSSAREA Aubl.

Coussarea grandifolia Rusby, Descr. N. Sp. S. Amer. PI. 144.
1920.

Mountain forest, Valparaiso, Santa Marta, 1,200-1,500 m., H. H.
Smith 1830 (Y, type; F, M, P).

A glabrous tree 6-9 m. high; stipules 2 cm. long, connate into a
loose deciduous sheath; leaves petiolate, obovate to broadly elliptic,
12-25 cm. long, 8-15 cm. wide, abruptly short-acuminate; flowers
white, in small pyramidal panicles; calyx obscurely 5-dentate;
corolla tube 6-11 mm. long, the lobes about 6 mm. long.

Coussarea grandis Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 100. 1881.

Type from San Carlos on the Rio Negro, Spruce 3458, 3485.

Glabrous; stipules short, broadly obtuse, connate into a tube;
leaves short-petiolate, elliptic-lanceolate, 15-23 cm. long, 5-8 cm.
wide, long-acuminate, acute at the base; flowers ternate at the ends
of the branchlets; calyx truncate; corolla 4.5-5 cm. long, puberulent,
the lobes nearly as long as the tube; fruit oblong-ellipsoid, 3 cm.
long, acute at each end.

Coussarea leptoloba (B. & H.) Muell. Arg. Flora 58: 468.
1875. Faramea leptoloba B. & H. Gen. PI. 2: 121. 1873.

Reported by Mueller (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 100. 1881) from
San Carlos on the Rio Negro, Spruce 31 41. Also in Brazil.

Stipules short-sheathing, the sheath multidentate at the apex;
leaves short-petiolate, elliptic-lanceolate, 15-23 cm. long, 5-8 cm.
wide, cuspidate-acuminate; cymes terminal, sessile, with few
branches, the flowers sessile; calyx tubular, its lobes narrowly
triangular, recurved; corolla 3 cm. long, puberulent, the lobes
slightly shorter than the tube.

Coussarea petiolaris (Benth.), comb. nov. Faramea petiolaris
Benth. Linnaea 23: 450. 1850.

Type from Colombia.

Stipules short, broad, muticous; leaves long-petioled, broadly
ovate, cuspidate, acutish at the base; panicles slightly longer than

70 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

the petioles, the umbels 5-7-flowered ; calyx truncate; corolla lobes
shorter than the tube.

Coussarea venosa, sp. nov. — Ramuli crassi, compressi, virides,
sparse minuteque puberuli; stipulae (perfectae non visae) persis-
tentes, basi breviter connatae, ovato-triangulares, c. 8 mm. longae,
puberulae, erectae; folia brevissime petiolata, opposita, petiolo
3-5 mm. longo crasso dense et minute puberulo; lamina coriacea,
elliptico-oblonga, 19-23 cm. longa, 6.5-8 cm. lata, subabrupte
acuminata, acumine angusto breyi obtuso, basin versus sensim
angustata, supra glabra, luteo-viridis, nervis subimpressis, subtus
pallidior, ad costam validam elevatam sparse pilosula, nervis latera-
libus utroque latere c. 15, valde elevatis, gracilibus, arcuatis, angulo
acuto adscendentibus, juxta marginem conjunctis, neryulis promi-
nentibus laxe reticulatis, margine revoluto; inflorescentia terminalis
4 cm. longe pedunculata, racemoso-paniculata, 4.5 cm. longa, pauci-
ramosa, ramis infimis vix 1 cm. longis divaricatis rigidis minute
puberulis, superioribus brevissimis, floribus ad apices ramorum
capitato-congestis sessilibus; drupa ellipsoidea subcompressa 1.6 cm.
longa glabra; semen suborbiculare subcompressum nigrescens 7 mm.
latum. — Colombia: Forests of Coteje, Rio Timbiqui, in 1910, F. C.
LehmannB.T.647 (Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard., type).

61. FARAMEA Aubl.

Faramea angustifolia Spruce ex B. & H. Gen. PL 2: 121. 1837,
nomen; Muell. Arg. Flora 58: 471. 1875.

Type collected along the Rio Negro near San Carlos, Spruce 8075.
Also in Brazil.

Stipules connate into a long narrow biaristate sheath; leaves
elongate, 8-17 cm. long, 0.8-3 cm. wide, long-acuminate, membrana-
ceous, glabrous, with 10-13 pairs of almost perpendicular lateral
veins; cymes terminal, pedunculate, umbellately 5-rayed, the
flowers umbellate; calyx campanulate, minutely 4-dentate; corolla
8-9 mm. long, glabrous, the 4 lobes half as long as the tube; fruit
globose, 8 mm. broad.

Faramea calophylla, sp. nov. — Frutex glaber, ramulis laevibus
subteretibus vel in siccitate subcompressis lutescentibus, internodiis
elongatis; stipulae c. 1.5 cm. longae, e basi triangulari lineares,
involutae, caducae; petioli crassi 6-12 mm. longi supra late sulcati;
limbus elliptico-ovalis, oblongo-ellipticus vel oblongus, 9-15 cm.
longus, 2-7 cm. latus, apice acutus vel saepe rotundatus et abrupte
caudato-acuminatus, acumine 1-2 cm. longo lineari obtuso, basi
acutus vel obtusus et abrupte breviterque decurrens, coriaceus,
lucidus, fere concolor, costa supra elevata subtus bisulcata crassi-
uscula, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 16, gracilibus, utrinque
prominulis, angulo fere recto divergentibus, subarcuatis, prope

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 71

marginem nervum collectivum irregularem efformantibus, nervis
intermediis inter laterales nervulis transversis conjunctos conspicuis
et eis parallelis, margine incrassato et angustissime revoluto; inflores-
centiae terminales, cymoso-corymbosae, laxe pauciflorae, 3-4 cm.
longe pedunculatae, pedicellis crassis c. 6 mm. longis, bracteis minutis
ovatis acuminatis deciduis; fructus transverse ovalis laevis 1.5 cm.
latus; semen griseum 12 mm. longum subtus profunde sulcatum. —
Colombia: Buenaventura, Dept. El Valle, at sea level, October 5-10,
1922, Ellsworth P. Killip 11765 (U. S. Nat. Herb., type; duplicates
in Gray Herb, and herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.). Cordoba, alt. 80-100 m.,
May 6-8, 1922, Killip 5139 (W, G, Y).

Faramea cestroides, sp. nov. — Arbor parva glabra, ramulis
gracilibus subteretibus, internodiis 2.5-6 cm. longis; stipulae deciduae,
breviter connatae, e basi ovato-triangulari subulato-acuminatae;
petiolus gracilis, 4-7 mm. longus, supra late sulcatus; lamina oblonga
vel ovato-oblonga, 9.5-15.5 cm. longa, 3-5.5 cm. lata, apicem versus
angustata et abrupte caudato-acuminata, acumine 1.5-2.5 cm. longo,
basi obtusa vel acuta et interdum breviter decurrens, chartacea,
fere concolor, sublucida, pallide marginata, margine interdum anguste
revoluto, costa nervisque utrinque prominentibus, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere c. 14, angulo fere recto divergentibus, gracilibus, prope
marginem irregulariter conjunctis; inflorescentia terminalis, 1-1.8 cm.
longe pedunculata, cymoso-corymbosa, trichotoma, 2-5 cm. longa,
usque ad 6 cm. lata, ramulis 1-3-floris, bracteis infimis ad 1 cm.
longis, ceteris subulatis 1-2 mm. longis, floribus subsessilibus;
hypanthium breviter cylindricum 1.5 mm. longum; calyx 1 mm.
longus truncatus remote 4-denticulatus; corolla pallide caerulea
glabra, tubo 12 mm. longo superne paullp dilatato et 2.2 mm. lato,
lobis 4 triangulari-oblongis 3.5 mm. longis acutiusculis intus glabris
patentibus; antherae lineari-oblongae semiexsertae; stylus inclusus.
— Colombia: Sierra del Libano, Santa Marta, alt. 1,800 m., January
26, 1891, H. H. Smith 1776 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 138,636, type;
duplicates in G, M). Ocana, 1,800-2,100 m., in forest, Schlim 461
(K). Ocana, 2,100 m., Kalbreyer 587 (K). Portachuelo, 2,100-2,400
m., Kalbreyer 1854 (K).

According to Kalbreyer, a shrub 2.5 m. high, the flowers very
fragrant, the corolla pale blue outside and white within.

The species is easily recognized by the very short corolla lobes.

Faramea cuspidata Benth. PI. Hartw. 194. 1845.

Type from the western slope of the Andes of Popayan, Hartweg
1063. Dense forests of Rio Timbiqui, 500 m., Lehmann 9002 (F, Y).
Micay, Lehmann K.I 21 (K). Timbiqui, Lehmann K.I 20 (K).

A glabrous shrub 2.5-3 m. high; stipules ovate, subconnate,
4 mm. long, aristate; leaves short-petiolate, narrowly oblong,
caudate-acuminate, the tip 2-2.5 cm. long, linear; flowers in large
lax corymbs, slender-pedicellate; calyx 4-dentate; corolla blue,
glabrous, the tube 6 mm. long, the linear lobes slightly longer.

72 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Faramea cyathocalyx, sp. nov. — Frutex, ramulis crassis
subcompressis luteo-viridibus glabris, internodiis elongatis; stipulae
subpersistentes 6-7 mm. longae et ultra, late triangulares, acutae,
glabrae, in aristam validam sensim desinentes; folia breviter petiolata
opposita, petiolo valido c. 12 mm. longo supra late sulcato; lamina
coriacea, oblonga, 14-22 cm. longa, 5-9 cm. lata, abrupte acuminata,
acumine angusto c. 1.5 cm. longo attenuate obtusiusculo, basi acuta
vel obtusa et abrupte contracta, utrinque glabra, supra luteo-viridis,
costa elevata, nervis subimpressis, subtus pallida, costa crassa
elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 13, gracilibus, promi-
nentibus, angulo fere recto divaricatis, fere rectis, remote a margine
arcuato-conjunctis, nervulis vix prominulis laxe reticulatis; flores
sessiles in axillis fasciculato-cymosis, inflorescentiis sessilibus vel
subsessilibus, floribus dense congestis subcapitatis, bracteis minutis;
hypanthium glabrum turbinatum 5 mm. longum; calyx 1 cm. longus
cylindrico-campanulatus, ore 6 mm. latus, subtruncatus et brevis-
sime 4-lobus, lobis latissimis truncatis; corolla in alabastro 2-2.5 cm.
longa extus glabra acuminata, lobis tubo brevioribus. — Colombia:
In forest, Frasquillo on Rio Sinu, Dept. Bolivar, alt. 90-120 m.f
March 5-6, 1918, Francis W. Pennell 4607 (Herb. N. Y. Bot. Card.,
type).

Vernacular name, "jazmin." A striking plant because of the
large leathery leaves and axillary inflorescences.

Faramea flavicans (H. & B.), comb. nov. Coffea flamcans
H. & B. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 210. 1819. Tetramerium jasminoides
HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 373. pi. 287. 1820. F. jasminoides DC.
Prodr. 4:497. 1830.

Type of T. jasminoides from Ibague", Bonpland.

Leaves oblong-elliptic, acuminate, acute at the base, 6.5 cm.
long, subcoriaceous, glabrous; stipules deltoid-ovate, acute, muticous;
cymes terminal, the branches 3-flowered; calyx 4-dentate; corolla
glabrous, the lobes half as long as the tube; fruit smooth.

Faramea insignis, sp. nov. — Arbor glabra, ramulis gracilibus
in siccitate compressis, internodiis 2-2.5 cm. longis; stipulae deciduae,
2-2.5 cm. longae, basi breviter connatae, lineares, aristato-attenuatae,
virides, erectae; petioli crassiusculi 4-6 mm. longi supra late sulcati;
limbus oblongus, 8-18 cm. longus, 2-5.7 cm. latus, apice acutus vel
obtusus et abrupte caudato-acuminatus, acumine 2-2.5 cm. longo
lineari obtuso, basi obtusus vel acutiusculus, chartaceus, sublucidus,
subconcolor, costa gracili utrinque elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque
latere c. 13, gracilibus, prominulis, angulo fere recto divergentibus,
fere rectis, prope marginem in nervum distinctum collect! vum
conjunctis, nervulis prominulis laxe reticulatis, extremis nervulum
gracilem submarginalem efformantibus, margine piano paullo
incrassato; inflprescentiae cymoso-corymbosae 2.5-4.5 cm. longe
pedunculatae, interdum basi foliis 2 parvis angustis fulcratae,
trichotomae, cymulis paucifloris, pedicellis gracilibus 5-9 mm. longis,

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 73

minutis; hypanthium ovale 1 mm. longum; calyx 0.5 mm. longus
truncatus et remote atque obsolete denticulatus; corolla intense
caerulea glabra, tubo 9-10 mm. longo gracili 1 mm. lato superne non
dilatato, lobis 4 lineari-lanceolatis 8-9 mm. longis versus apicem
acutiusculum sensim attenuatis, intus glabris; antherae inclusae.—
Colombia: Forest along the Rio Caballete, Santa Rosa, Dept. El
Valle, alt. 200-300 m., September 22, 1922, Ellsworth P. Killip 11538
(U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,140,715, type; duplicates in Gray Herb,
and herb. N. Y. Bot. Card.). Forest along Rio Calima, Cordoba,
Dept. El Valle, alt. 80-100 m., Killip 11792 (W, Y).

In its leaves and flowers this plant is almost identical with F.
cuspidata Benth., also Colombian, but that has strikingly different
stipules, only 4 mm. long.

Faramea Killipii, sp. nov. — Frutex vel arbor glabra 3.5-4.5 m.
alta, ramulis crassiusculis quadrangulatis lutescentibus vel fuscis,
internodiis elongatis; stipulae usque ad 2 cm. longae basi alte
connatae attenuatae deciduae; petioli crassi, 7-13 mm. longi, supra
late sulcati, superne anguste marginati; limbus oblongus vel elliptico-
oblongus, 8-14 cm. longus, 3-5.5 cm. latus, apice abrupte breviterque
acuminatus, acumine triangulari obtuso c. 7 mm. longo, basi obtusus
vel acutus, subcoriaceus, fere concolor, lucidus, costa valida supra
plana subtus elevata, nervis later*alibus utroque latere c. 12, supra
inconspicuis, subtus prominulis, angulo lato divergentibus, fere
rectis, remote a margine conjunctis, nervulis prominulis reticulatis,
marginatus, margine saepe anguste revoluto; inflorescentiae cym-
oso-corymbosae, terminales vel pseudolaterales, dense multiflorae,
sessiles et a basi ramosae vel pedunculatae, pedicellis 6-8 mm. longis;
fructus purpureo-caerulescens, transverse ovalis, 10-12 mm. latusx
laevis; semen ovale, 7 mm. longum, nigro-griseum, subtus profunde
exsculptum. — Colombia: Edge of woods, eastern slope of Paramo
del Hatico, between Toledo and Pamplona, Dept. Norte de
Santander, alt. 2,400 m., March 12, 1927, E. P. Killip & Albert C.
Smith 20569 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,355,598, type). Aguachica,
Ocana, 240 m., Schlim 273 (K). Pericos, Ocana, Schlim 531 (K).
Pamplona, 2,700-3,000 m., in forests, Schlim 1075 (K). Without
locality Triana 1730 (K). Between Sibate and Fusagasuga, Cundi-
namarca, 2,400-3,000 m., in dense forest, Lehmann 7428 (K).

Probably conspecific is a collection from the southern slope of
Mount San Martin, near Charta, Dept. Santander Killip & Smith
19167 (W, Y). This is in bud and also in fruit. The calyx is obscurely
denticulate.

From F. calophylla this is distinguished by the thinner, less
conspicuously nerved leaves, with very short, broad acuminations.

Faramea Langlassei, sp. nov. — Arbor glabra 15-20-metralis,
ramulis crassiusculis, internodiis elongatis; stipulae non visae,
petioli crassi 5-8 mm. longi; lamina oblonga vel anguste oblonga,

74 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

8-17 cm. longa, 2-6 cm. lata, apice abrupte caudato-acuminata,
acumine 1.5 cm. longo obtuso, basi obtusa vel acuta, coriacea, fere
concolor, costa gracili elevata, nervis utrinque prominentibus gracil-
ibus, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 17, angulo fere recto diver-
gentibus, leviter arcuatis, prope marginem in nervum distinction
conjunctis, nervulis prominulis reticulatis, margine pallido incrassato;
inflorescentia umbellato-corymbosa, sessilis, trichotoma, pauciflora,
7 cm. longa, bracteis minutis deciduis, umbellulis trifloris, pedicellis
gracilibus 5-7 mm. longis; hypanthium oboyoideum 1 mm. longum;
calyx campanulatus 1 mm. longus minutissime denticulatus; corolla
alba glabra 2 cm. longa, tubo 1 cm. longo superne solemniter dilatato
et 5 mm. lato, lobis 4 anguste lanceolato-triangularibus versus
apicem sensim attenuates; antherae inclusae. — Colombia: El Roble,
alt. 1,800 m., December 13, 1899, E. Langlasst 108 (U. S. Nat. Herb.
No. 530,585, type).

Faramea Lehmannii, sp. nov. — Frutex glaber, ramulis in sicco
compressis crassiusculis ad nodos paullo crassioribus, internodiis
elongatis; stipulae deciduae 5-7 mm. longae, triangulares, acutae,
breviter connatae; petioli crassi 6-10 mm. longi; lamina obovato-
oblonga vel lanceolato-oblonga, 10-25 cm. longa, 3-8 cm. lata, apice
obtusa vel acuta et abrupte caudato-acuminata, acumine 1.5 cm.
longo obtuso, basin versus cuneatim attenuata, coriacea, concolor,
sublucida, costa nervisque utrinque prominentibus, costa crassa,
nervis lateralibus utroque latere 11-15, angulo fere recto divergent-
ibus, leviter arcuatis, prope marginem arcuato-conjunctis, nervulis
prominulis et arete reticulatis, margine fere piano incrassato; inflores-
centia umbellato-corymbosa, 3.5 cm. longe pedunculata, 4 cm. longa,
basi umbellatim ramosa, pedunculis paucifloris, floribus brevissime
pedicellatis, bracteis caducis; hypanthium cylindricum c. 2 mm.
longum; calyx campanulatus truncatus 2-2.5 mm. longus; corolla
in alabastro 8 mm. longa longiattenuata, lobis tubo longioribus. —
Colombia: Timbiqui, F. C. Lehmann 8630 (Herb. Field Mus. No.
578,484, type; duplicate in Y). Tulud, Cauca, Holton 432 (K, P, Y).

The Holton collection, which is in fruit, although having much
smaller leaves than the type, is almost certainly conspecific. The
fruit, still immature, is globose, 6 mm. in diameter, and obtusely
tuberculate.

In the form of the corolla F. Lehmannii suggests F. occidentalis,
but in that the leaves are thinner and less conspicuously veined
and the calyx is dentate.

Faramea oblongifolia, sp. nov. — Frutex vel arbor c. 3.5 m.
alta glabra, ramulis crassis in sicco subcompressis, internodiis
elongatis; stipulae deciduae, 1-1.5 cm. longae, alte connatae, tenues,
parte libera obtusa vel acuta et breviter apiculato-acuminata;
petioli crassi 5-10 mm. longi supra late canaliculati; lamina anguste
oblonga, 8-18 cm. longa, 2-5 cm. lata, apice breviter acuminata

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 75

vel acuta obtusave acumine obtuso, basi obtusa vel acutiuscula,
subcoriacea, in sicco fusca, subconcolor, sublucida, costa nervisque
supra planis, costa interdum subimpressa, costa subtus elevata
gracili, nervis lateralibus utroque latere 12-19, angulo fere recto
divergentibus, fere rectis, prope marginem in neryum distinctum
collectivum conjunctis, nervulis prominulis laxe conjunctis; inflores-
centia cymoso-corymbpsa, sessilis, trichotoma, laxe multiflora,
8-12 cm. longa, ramulis crassis, cymis umbelliformibus 3-5-floris,
bracteis primariis interdum foliaceis, ceteris minutis late ovatis
breviter acuminatis, pedicellis crassis 2-4 mm. longis; hypanthium
obovoideum 1.5 mm. longum; calyx 1-1.2 mm. longus, late campanu-
latus, obsolete denticulatus; corolla alba vel caerulescens glabra,
tubo 13 mm. longo, superne non dilatato, 1.6 mm. lato, lobis oblongo-
ovatis 6-7 mm. longis patentibus; antherae inclusae; fructus trans-
verse ovalis, 8 mm. altus, 10-12 mm. latus. — Colombia: In forest,
La Cumbre, Dept. El Valle, alt. 1,800-2,100 m., May 14-19, 1922,
Francis W. Pennell 5715 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,140,756, type;
duplicates in G and Y), 5700 (W, G, Y). Quindio, Goudot 120 (K).
Ocana, 1,200 m., Schlim 681 (K).

The species is well marked by the narrow, obtuse or short-
acuminate leaves, and the large many-flowered inflorescences.

Faramea occidentalis (L.) A. Rich. Me*m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris
5: 176. 1834. Ixora occidentalis L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 893. 1759.
Tetramerium odoratissmum DC. Prodr. 4: 496. 1830.

Don Amo Road, Santa Marta, 180 m., H. H. Smith 2403 (F, W,
G, Y, M, P). Without locality, Hartweg (P). Cartagena, Bro.
Heriberto 532 (W). Along Mompos-Juana Sdnchez Trail, island of
Mompos, Bolivar, in 1916, Curran (W). Without locality, Funcke
& Schlim 632 (Y). Also in Central America, Mexico, and the West
Indies.

A slender glabrous shrub or small tree; stipules aristate; leaves
short-petiolate, narrowly oblong or lance-oblong, short-acuminate,
acute at the base, thin; inflorescences terminal and axillary, few-
flowered, corymbose or umbellate, the flowers long-pedicellate,
white, fragrant; corolla glabrous, 2 cm. long, the linear-lanceolate
lobes equaling or longer than the tube; fruit 1.5 cm. broad.

"Jazmin" (Curran).

Faramea parvula, sp. nov. — Frutex gracilis 1-metralis, ramulis
gracillimis angulatis viridibus glabris c. 1 mm. diam., internodiis
5-10 mm. longis; stipulae deciduae 2 mm. longae acutae breviter
connatae, in aristam erectam 1.5-2 mm. longam desinentes; folia
brevissime petiolata opposita, petiolo 1-1.5 mm. longo glabro;
lamina rigide membranacea, anguste lanceolata vel lineari-lanceolata,
2-2.5 cm. longa, 4-5 mm. lata, versus apicem obtusum longe sen-
simque attenuata, basi obtusa, utrinque glabra, supra luteo-viridis,
costa elevata, nervis obsoletis subtus paullo pallidior, costa crassi-
uscula elevata, nervis lateralibus obscuris numerosis angulo lato

76 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

divergentibus; flores terminates solitarii foliis 2 c. 12 mm. longis
fulcrati sessiles; calyx late campanulatus, 1 mm. longus, obscure
denticulatus et in dentes 2 subulatos 1-1.5 mm. longos erectos
virides desinens, glaber; corolla alba extus glabra, tubo gracili
5-7 mm. longo tereti, lobis anguste oblongis acutis, patentibus tubum
aequantibus; antherae inclusae. — Colombia: Cucurutha, Prov. Anti-
oquia, alt. 2,100 m., December 25, 1879, Kalbreyer (Herb. Kew.,
type).

This is very unlike any of the other Farameas of western South
America, being especially well marked by the very small narrow
leaves, slender habit, and solitary flowers. The form of the calyx,
also, is unusual, but the characters of the plant as a whole seem to
agree well enough with those of other species of the genus Faramea.

Faramea Purdieana Benth. Linnaea 23: 453. 1850.

Type from Colombia.

Stipules short-aristate; leaves petiolate, oblong, acuminate, acute
at the base, coriaceous, marginate; peduncles several, short,
3-5-flowered; calyx truncate; corolla lobes slightly shorter than the
tube.

Faramea salicifolia Presl, Symb. Bot. 24. pi. 70. 1833.

Muzo, Goudot (K). Widely distributed in South America,
especially in Brazil.

A glabrous shrub; stipules connate into a sheath, subulate-
aristate; leaves very shortly petiolate, lance-ovate to linear-lanceo-
late, 5-8.5 cm. long, 0.5-3 cm. wide, cuspidate-acuminate, firmly
membranaceous; cymes terminal, fastigiate-corymbose, the branch-
lets 1-3-flowered, the flowers slender-pedicellate; calyx teeth trian-
gular; corolla 10-14 mm. long, glabrous, the 4 lobes fully half as
long as the tube; fruits about 8 mm. wide.

The determination of the single Colombian collection is some-
what doubtful.

62. GEOPHILA Don

Geophila herbacea (Jacq.) Schum. in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 44:
119. 1891. Psychotria herbacea Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 16. 1760.
Psychotria herbacea Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 191. 1819. Cepha-
elis violaefolia DC. Prodr. 4: 537. 1830.

Isla Brava, Magdalena River, Andre K.539 (F). Santa Marta,
H. H. Smith 1332 (F, G, W). Puerto Wilches, Santander, 100 m.,
Killip & Smith 14764 (Y). Palmira, El Valle, 1,100 m., Pennell
& Killip 6160 (Y). Widely distributed as a weed in the lowlands
of tropical America.

A creeping herb with rounded or ovate, cordate, petioled leaves;
flowers white, in terminal pedunculate heads, the pedicels bracteo-
late near the base; ovary glabrous; fruits red or black, 5 mm. long.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 77

Geophila tenuis (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Mapouria tennis
Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 65: 425. 1881.

Type collected along the Rio Negro above the mouth of the Rio
Casiquiari, Spruce 3524-

Leaves ovate, acute, cordate at the base, pilose above; heads
2-3-flowered, the pedicels bracteolate at the apex; ovary pilose.

63. CEPHAELIS Sw.

Cephaelis axillaris Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 45. 1788. Tapo-
gomea axillaris Poir. Encycl. 7: 585. 1806. Evea axillaris Standl.
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 123. 1916.

Loso, 2,200-2,400 m., Kittip & Smith 20410 (W, Y). Pica-Pica
Valley above Tapata, 2,400 m., Kittip & Smith 20214 (W, Y).
Above Surata, 2,000-2,300 m., Kittip & Smith 16590 (W, Y). Las
Vegas, 2,600-3,000 m., Kittip & Smith 16040 (W, Y). Charta,
2,000-2,600 m., Kittip & Smith 19318 (W, Y), 18850 (W, Y). Western
slope of Peiia Blanca, near Charta, 2,500-2,600 m., Killip & Smith
19288 (W). Santa Marta, 1,350 m., H. H. Smith 389 (F, W, G, M,
P, Y). La Gallera, Micay Valley, 1,400-1,500 m., Killip 7782 (W,
G, Y). Fusagasuga, 1,800-2,300 m., Pennell 2700 A (W, Y). Santa
Marta, Purdie (G, N). Cordoba, Cauca, 30-100 m., Pittier 554 (W,
G). Salgar, Toro 1267 (Y), 1270 (Y). Near Bogota, Tracey 14
(K). Also in Central America and the West Indies.

A glabrous shrub, usually about 1 m. high; stipules bilobate,
the lobes obtuse or acute; leaves short-petiolate, obovate-oblong,
abruptly acuminate, attenuate to the base; flower heads small,
axillary, sessile; corolla white; fruit blue.

Cephaelis campy loneuroides Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 294.
1929. Evea campyloneuroides Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 123.
1916.

Cordoba, Dagua Valley, Cauca, 30-100 m., Pittier 581 (W,
type); Kittip 11785 (W, G, Y). In forest.

A shrub 2 m. high; stipules bilobate, the lobes lanceolate, long-
attenuate; leaves petiolate, elliptic to oblanceolate-oblong, 14-18
cm. long, abruptly acuminate, appressed-pilose beneath; flower
heads terminal, long-pedunculate, trichotomous or the heads several
and umbellate, 1-1.5 cm. long, the bracts green, oval-obovate,
obtuse, sericeous; corolla white.

Cephaelis crassifolia, sp. nov. — Arbor omnino glabra, ramulis
crassis teretibus laevibus in sicco fuscis, internodiis brevibus vel
elongatis; stipulae persistentes, connatae, 6 mm. longae, crassae,
breviter bilobae, lobis late triangularibus acutis sinu rotundato
separatis; folia opposita, petiolo crasso 1-2 cm. longo; lamina ovali-
obovata vel obovato-elliptica, 11.5-16.5 cm. longa, 6.5-9.5 cm. lata,
apice rotundata et breviter acuminato-producta, basi late cuneata
vel abrupte contracta et breviter decurrens, coriacea, conspicue

78 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

marginata, sublucida, supra yiridis, rhaphidibus crebris elongatis
conspersa, nervis non elevatis, subtus pallida, costa crassissima
elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 14, prominentibus,
gracilibus, arcuatis, angulo lato adscendentibus, prope marginem
conjunctis, nervulis obscuris; inflorescentia terminalis 4-4.5 cm.
longe pedunculate, pedunculo crasso apice bracteis 2 late ovatis
obtusis coriaceis instructo, capitulis 1-2 dense paucifloris 2 cm. longe
pedunculatis; bracteae rotundato-ovatae, 5-6 mm. longae, induratae,
adpressae; flores sessiles; fructus subglobosus 10-12 mm. longus
calyce persistente coronatus. — Colombia: In forest, Cordoba, Dept.
El Valle, alt. 80-100 m., May 6-8, 1922, Ellsworth P. Killip 5133
(U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,140,556, type; duplicates in G and Y).

This species is a well-defined one because of its handsome, broad,
very thick leaves. Although the calyx is persistent upon the fruit,
in every specimen it is so weathered that its exact form can not be
determined accurately.

Cephaelis elata Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 45. 1788. C. punicea
Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 19. 1796. Tapogomea elata Poir. Encycl. 7:
585. 1806. T. punicea Poir., 1. c. Uragoga punicea Schum. in E. &
P. Nat. Pfl. 44: 120. 1891. Evea elata Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 18: 123. 1916.

Los Dantos to Puerto Canoa, 600-900 m., in forest, Pennell
4516 (Y). Without locality, Triana 1632 (K). Ranging northward
to Mexico, and in the West Indies.

A large glabrous shrub; leaves oblong-oblanceolate to elliptic-
oblong, 10-25 cm. long, acuminate; heads terminal, long-pedunculate,
the large bracts deep red; corollas white.

Gephaelis Ipecacuanha (Brot.) A. Rich. Bull. Fac. Med. 4:
92. 1818. Calicocca Ipecacuanha Brot. Trans. Linn. Soc. 6: 137. pi.
11. 1802. Ipecacuanha officinalis Arruda, Diss. PI. Brazil 44. 1810.
Uragoga Ipecacuanha Baill. Hist. PI. 7: 281. 1880. (l)Uragoga
granatensis Baill. Hist. PI. 7: 370. 1880, nomen. Psychotria Ipeca-
cuanha Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 123. 1916. Ouragoga
Ipecacuanha Farwell, Drugg. Circ. 61: 175. 1917.

Boca Verde, on Rio Sinu, Bolivar, 100-400 m., Pennell 4570
(W, G, Y); February 14, 1918, Pennell (Y). "Forest of DarieV'
Dawe 867 (Y). Also in Central America and Brazil.

Plants suffrutescent, usually simple and about 30 cm. high;
stipules 4-5-parted into linear-setaceous segments; leaves short-
petiolate, elliptic to obovate, 6-16 cm. long, short-acuminate, pale
beneath, glabrous or nearly so; flower heads terminal, pedunculate,
the 4 green bracts rhombic-obovate, about 6 mm. long; corolla
hirtellous, white, 5-6 mm. long; fruit blue, 7 mm. long, the nutlets
somewhat twisted, 3-costate.

"Raicilla" (Colombia, Panama). "Poaja" (Brazil). From the
slender knotted roots of this plant at least a part of the ipecac of

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 79

commerce is obtained. The plant grows usually in dense wet
lowland forests.

Cephaelis Jervisei, sp. noy. — Frutex dense ramosus, ramulis
crassiusculis subteretibus laevibus glabris, internodiis brevibus;
stipulae persistentes, erectae, 6-7 mm. longae, glabrae, basi breviter
connatae, apice breviter bifidae, lobis ovatis acutis; folia opposita
breviter petiolata, petiolo gracili 5-13 mm. longo; lamina subcoriacea,
elliptico-oblonga vel obovato-oblonga, 8.5-11.5 cm. longa, 2-4.5 cm.
lata, abrupte breviterque acuminata, acumine angusto obtuso, basi
acuta, conspicue pallidp-marginata, supra viridis, lucida, costa
prominente, nervis subimpressis, glabra, subtus pallidior, secus
costam applanatam minute ciliata, aliter glabra, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere c. 19, ceteris tenuioribus parallelis interpositis, angulo
lato adscendentibus, gracillimis, prominulis, arcuatis, in marginem
desinentibus, nervulis obsoletis; inflorescentiae pseudo-axillares 4
cm. longe pedunculatae, e capitulis 3 longipedunculatis compositae,
basi bracteis 2 patentibus triangulari-ovatis 5-6 mm. longis acutis
ciliatis glabris fulcratae; capitula 1-1.8 cm. longe pedunculata,
pedunculis crassis angulatis glabris erectis, capitulis 1 cm. latis
dense multifloris, floribus sessilibus; bracteae exteriores orbiculari-
ovatae 6-7 mm. longae subacutae glabrae, interioribus aequilongis
angustioribus; calyx campanulatus 2.5 mm. longus subtruncatus
ciliolatus; corolla in alabastro 6 mm. longa extus glabra. — Colombia:
Antioquia, Jervise (Herb. Kew., type).

Cephaelis longiflora, sp. nov. — Ramuli graciles subteretes,
novellis dense sordido-puberulis, internodiis elongatis; stipulae
persistentes 3-4 mm. longae, basi breviter connatae, profunde
bifidae, lobis apice late rotundatis, dense puberulae; folia graciliter
petiolata opposita, petiolo 7-25 mm. longo dense puberulo; lamina
rigide membranacea, elliptico-oblonga vel anguste elliptica, 6-14 cm.
longa, 2-4.5 cm. lata, abrupte et longissime acuminata, acumine
angusto longe attenuate, basin versus sensim angustata vel interdum
abrupte contracta et decurrens, supra fusca, glabra, nervis promi-
nulis, subtus multo pallidior, brunnescens, ubique villosulo-puberula,
costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 15, ceteris
multo gracilioribus parallelis interpositis, gracillimis, angulo lato
adscendentibus, prominulis, arcuatis, prope marginem conjunctis,
nervulis obsoletis; floribus in capitula paucifloris congestis, capitulis
parvis 5-10 mm. longis, graciliter 1-3.5 cm. longe pedunculatis, in
cymas laxas trichotomas longe pedunculatas 4-12 cm. longas dis-
positis, ramis sparse vel dense puberulis; bracteae paucae, exterioribus
basi breviter connatis, orbicularibus vel late ovatis, apice rotundatis
vel obtusis, minute puberulis, floribus paucis sessilibus; hypanthium
cylindricum 1 mm. longum glabrum; calyx 1.2 mm. longus, lobis
orbicularibus apice rotundatis; corolla 4 mm. longa extus glabra,
tubo gracillimo vix 1 mm. crasso fauce paullo dilatato et ore 2 mm.
lato, intus glabro, lobis 5 oblongis 4-5 mm. longis obtusis intus
glabris; antherae inclusae 3.5-4 mm. longae. — Colombia: Without

80 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

definite locality, F. C. Lehmann B.T.990 (Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.,
type; duplicate in herb. Kew.). Without locality, Lehmann K.I 36
(K). Western Andes of Popayan, alt. 1,400-1,800 m., Lehmann
5908 (K).

The species is quite unlike any other known from northwestern
South America, and is easy to recognize because of the numerous
long-stalked, small heads arranged in cymes, and the very long and
slender corollas projecting far beyond the bracts.

Cephaelis ostreophora Wernh. Journ. Bot. 55: 284. 1917.

Type from Colombia, Triana.

A glabrous shrub; stipules small, 2-aristate; leaves nearly sessile,
lanceolate, 7-11 cm. long, acuminate, rounded at the base; flower
heads axillary, pedunculate, 7-10-flowered, the bracts ovate-cordate,
acuminate, bluish, 17 mm. long; corolla glabrous, the tube 16 mm.
long.

Cephaelis pseudaxillaris Wernh. Journ. Bot. 55: 284. 1917.

Type from Choio, Barbacoas, at 960 m., Triana 1689.

A glabrous shrub; stipules ovate-oblong, 1 cm. long; leaves
elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, 8-16 cm. long, 3.5-5.5 cm. wide, acute
at the base; flower heads axillary, sessile, 1 cm. long; corolla 5-6 mm.
long, barbate in the throat; fruit subpyriform, sulcate, 5 mm. long.

Perhaps synonymous with C. axillaris.

Cephaelis pubescens Hoffmannsegg ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5:
213. 1819.

Guadual, Antioquia, forest borders, 450-600 m., Kalbreyer 1385
(K). Near Lake Sapatoza, Magdalena Valley, in forest, Allen 216
(K). Rio Meta, 200-600 m., Lehmann 8749 (K). Also in Brazil and
the Guianas.

A shrub; leaves large, thin, lance-elliptic, acuminate, acute or
cuneate at the base, puberulent, especially above; heads large, long-
pedunculate, terminal, the 2 outer bracts cordate, 2 cm. long, dark
purple; corolla 5 mm. long; fruit blue, 3 mm. long.

Cephaelis sororiella (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Psychotria
sororiella Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 375. 1881.

Type collected near San Carlos on the Rio Negro, Spruce 3682,
3076.

Leaves firmly membranaceous, broadly lanceolate, 7-14 cm. long,
sparsely pubescent on the nerves; heads terminal, short-pedunculate,
the involucre 4-parted, 13-15 mm. long, the lobes lance-ovate.

Cephaelis setifera, sp. nov. — Frutex omnino glaber, ramulis
gracilibus teretibus laevibus in sicco lutescentibus vel fuscis, inter-
nodiis brevibus vel elongatis; stipulae in vaginam 1-2 mm. longam
apice 4-setiferam connatae, setis 3-5 mm. longis erectis rigidis

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 81

persistentibus; folia opposite, petiolo 2-4 mm. longo; lamina oblongo-
ovata vel lanceolato-oblonga, 5-11 cm. longa, 1.5-4.5 cm. lata,
longissime et anguste acuminata, basi obtusa vel acuta, crasse
papyracea, interdum sublucida, costa nervisque utrinque prominen-
tibus, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 8, angulo lato vel acuto
adscendentibus, gracilibus, arcuatis, prope marginem conjunctis,
nervulis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentiae terminates, 1.5-2.5 cm. longe
pedunculatae, capituliformes, pauciflorae, 1-2 cm. altae, pedunculo
gracili angulato glabro; bracteae primariae 4, late ovatae, c. 8 mm.
longae et 6 mm. latae, acutae vel acuminatae, capitulum arete
involucrantes, interioribus aequilongis sed angustioribus; flores
sessiles; hypanthium 1 mm. longum; calyx cupularis, 0.6-1 mm.
longus, truncatus, remote denticulatus, dentibus subulatis; corolla
infundibuliformis, 8 mm. longa, tubo superne dilatato, fauce 2.5
mm. lato, lobis oblongo-triangularibus 2.5 mm. longis subacutis;
fructus subglobosus 4.5-5 mm. longus laevis. — Colombia: Forests
in the highlands of Popayan, alt. 1,600-1,900 m., December, 1886,
F. C. Lehmann B.T. 970 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 559,850, type; dupli-
cates in G and K). Highlands of Popayan, 1,600-2,000 m., Lehmann
8392 (F, S, W, Y). Angelopolis, Toro 295 (Y).

In general appearance this plant is much like Psychotria lupulina
Benth., which should, probably, be transferred to Cephaelis. Psycho-
tria lupulina differs from Cephaelis setifera in its larger, laxer, many-
flowered heads, with more numerous bracts, broader and larger
leaves, and puberulent peduncles.

Cephaelis timbiquensis, sp. nov. — Ramuli crassi subteretes
laeves glabri, internodiis elongatis; stipulae crassae, erectae, 2 cm.
longae, multineryiae, basi breviter connatae, ad medium bifidae,
laciniis semiovatis acutis, dense puberulae; folia petiolata, petiolo
gracili c. 1.5 cm. longo minute puberulo; lamina oblongo-ovalis,
crasse membranacea, abrupte breviterque acuminata, acumine
triangulari obtuso, basi acuta vel obtusa, supra viridis, glabra,
nervis in statu sicco prominentibus, subtus paullo pallidior, praeser-
tim ad nervos minute strigillosa vel glabrata, costa gracili eleyata,
nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 28, gracillimis, prominentibus,
angulo fere recto diyergentibus, subarcuatis, prope marginem arcuato-
conjunctis, nervulis prominentibus arete reticulatis; inflorescentia
terminalis 4.5 cm. longe pedunculata, densa, e capitulis 5 racemosis
composita, basi bracteis 2 distinctis late ovatis 2.5 cm. longis acutis
coloratis minutissime puberulis vel glabratis fulcrata; capitula 3-4
mm. longe pedunculata, ovoidea, 3-3.5 cm. longa, densissime multi-
flora, bracteis omnibus fere aequilongis, exterioribus late ovatis
acutis vel acuminatis coloratis multinerviis, sparse puberulis vel
fere glabris, interioribus angustioribus; flores sessiles, hypanthio 1.5
mm. longo minute puberulo; calyx 5-partitus glaber, laciniis inaequa-
libus 3-4 mm. longis oblongo-oyatis acuminatis erectis rigidis
viridibus. — Colombia: Rio Timbiqui, alt. 200 m. or less, F. C.
Lehmann 8991 (Herb. Kew., type).

82 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Cephaelis tomentosa (Aubl.) Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 19. 1796.
Tapogomea tomentosa Aubl. PI. Guian. 1: 160. pi. 61. 1775. Uragoga
tomentosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 301. 1891. Evea tomentosa Standl.
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 123. 1916.

Villavicencio, 500 m., Pennell 1395 (W, G, N). Icononzo, 1,400-
1,800 m., Pennell 2873 (W, Y). Frasquillo, 100-200 m., Pennell
4599 (W, Y). Malena, 150 m., Pennell 3784 (W, G, Y). Forests of
Coteje on Rio Timbiqui, Lehmann B.T.643 (W, G, Y). Between
Puerto Wilches and Puerto Santos, 110 m., Kittip & Smith 14840 (W,
Y). Cordoba, 100 m., Kittip 5136 (W, Y), 5262 (W). Magdalena,
Peale (P). "Bogota," Turner (P). Without locality, Hartweg 1056
(P). Antizales, Bolivar, 1,200-1,600 m., Pennell 4471 (Y). Carare,
Andre 281 (F, K, Y). Fusagasuga(?), Andre K.529 (K, Y). Mesa
de los Santos, Santander, 1,500 m., Killip & Smith 15155 (W, Y),
15258 (W, Y). Naranjo, Andrb 367 (K). Ranging to Mexico and
southward to Bolivia.

A slender shrub, sometimes 4.5 m. high, copiously hirsute; leaves
lanceolate to ovate-elliptic, long-acuminate; flower heads terminal,
pedunculate, dense, many-flowered, the bracts large, red, much
exceeding the flowers; corollas yellow; fruit blue.

The plant is a very showy and handsome one when in flower.

Cephaelis Trianae, sp. nov. — Ramuli graciles obtuse tetragoni
laeyes glabri, internodiis 1.5-5.5 cm. longis; stipulae 1 cm. longae,
basi breviter connatae, oblongo-ovatae, obtusae, glabrae, persis-
tentes; folia opposita breviter petiolata, petiolo gracili 4-13 mm.
longo glabro; lamina crasse chartacea, oboyato-oblonga, 8-15 cm.
longa, 3-6 cm. lata, abrupte cuspidato-acuminata, acumine angusto
c. 1 cm. longo attenuate, basin versus longe cuneato-attenuata, supra
viridis, lucida, glabra, neryis non elevatis, subtus pallidior, satis
dense et minutissime strigillosa (sub lente), costa gracili eleyata,
nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 13, gracillimis, prominentibus,
angulo lato adscendentibus, arcuatis, marginem attingentibus,
nervulis pbsoletis; inflorescentiae terminales, 1 cm. longe peduncu-
latae, spicato-capitatae, ovoideae, 4-4.5 cm. longae, 2.5 cm. latae,
densissime multiflorae, bracteis infimis 2 cm. longis, omnibus late
ovatis vel rotundato-ovatis arete imbricatis numerosis adpressis
apice rotundatis minute puberulis vel glabratis. — Colombia: With-
out definite locality, Triana 1677 (Herb. Kew., type).

Cephaelis violacea (Aubl.) Willd. Sp. PI. 1: 977. 1797. Tapo-
gomea violacea Aubl. PI. Guian. 1 : 157. pi. 60. 1775.

Cordoba, 100 m., Kittip 5141 (W, G, Y), 5265 (W, G, Y), 5138
(W). Buenaventura, at sea level, Kittip 11749 (W). Choco and
Barbacoas, Triana 3140 (K). Also in the Guianas.

A glabrous shrub or small tree; stipules broad, obtuse; leaves
short-petiolate, oval to elliptic-oblong, acuminate; heads large,
terminal, sessile, the bracts about 5, green or violet; corolla yellowish
white; fruit blue.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 83

64. DECLIEUXIA HBK.

Declieuxia fruticosa (Willd.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 279.
1891. Houstonia fruticosa Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 3: 527.
1818. D. chiococcoides HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 354. pi. 281. 1819.

Quilichao, Cauca, 1,200 m., Lehmann 3455 (W). Mesa de los
Santos, Santander, 1,500 m., Killip & Smith 15232 (W, Y). Rio
Sucio to Rio Piedras, west of Popayan, 1,500-1,800 m., Pennell &
Killip 8177 (W). Aganche, Cauca, Pennell & Killip 6258 (W, G,
Y). Teta, Lehmann B.T410 (F, Y). Cali, Cauca, 1,000-1,200 m.,
Lehmann B.T.I 087 (D). Also in Panama, and ranging to Brazil.

A low erect plant, herbaceous or suffrutescent, glabrous; leaves
opposite or ternate, oblong-elliptic; flowers small, white, in umbellate
cymes; fruit didymous, 2-celled, the cells 1-seeded.

65. PSYCHOTRIA L.

Psychotria is the largest genus of the family Rubiaceae, and
almost pan-tropic in its distribution. In Colombia it is represented
by about 75 species, a number which will increase with later explo-
ration, since many species of the genus are known to be local in
distribution.

The genus is a difficult one. The species often seem to be
separated only by slight characters, yet as material accumulates,
it usually strengthens the species and emphasizes the importance of
the distinguishing characters, despite the apparent triviality of the
latter.

This genus exhibits a far greater amount of variation than its
close relative, Palicourea. While the inflorescence of Palicourea is
constant as to form, that of Psychotria follows no special pattern,
but is susceptible of almost endless variety. The stipules, likewise,
which are so uniform in general appearance in Palicourea, are greatly
diversified in Psychotria.

Mueller, in his treatment of Psychotria and allied genera in
Martius' Flora Brasiliensis, employed a generic arrangement which
has been adopted by few subsequent authors. He united with
Psychotria the genera Palicourea, Geophila, and Cephaelis, but kept
as distinct Mapouria, here merged in Psychotria.

It must be admitted by all who know these groups that the
genera are difficult of separation. There are no sharp lines of demar-
cation between Psychotria and Cephaelis, or between Psychotria and
Palicourea. Often it is a matter of personal judgment, rather
intuition than a result of conviction based upon examination of
structural details, which determines the allocation of a given plant

84 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

in one or the other group. But the groups are all so large, and for
the most part so easy of recognition, at least after considerable
experience, that it seems advisable to recognize them.

Mapouria possesses good claims for recognition, but it and
Psychotria can be distinguished definitely only with mature fruit.
Since in many species the fruit is unknown, it is not practical at the
present time to accord generic rank to Mapouria.

Psychotria alba R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 58. pi. 205, f. a. 1799.
P. densiflora H. & B. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 189. 1819. P. patula
Willd. ex R. & S., 1. c. P. hundensis H. & B. ex R. & S., 1. c. P.
ardisiaefolia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 359. 1820. Mapouria alba
Muell. Arg. Flora 59: 458. 1876. Uragoga alba Kuntze, Rev. Gen.
1: 299. 1891.

Santa Marta, 1,050 m., H. H. Smith 1825 (F, W, G, P). La
Paila, Cauca, Holton 427 (P, Y). Upper Rio Lebrija Valley, San-
tander, 400-700 m., Killip & Smith 16289 (W, Y). Armenia, Toro
636 (Y). Near Fredonia, Antioquia, 1,000 m., Lehmann 3225 (W,
K). La Capilla, highlands of Popayan, Lehmann B.T.391 (Y). La
Manuelita, Cauca, 1,100-1,300 m., Pittier 801 (W, Y). Rio Sucio
to Rio Piedras, Cauca, 1,800-2,000 m., Pennell & Killip 8192 (W).
Mesa de los Santos, Santander, 1,000-1,500 m., Killip & Smith
14989 (W), 14990 (Y). Ibagu<§, Goudot (K). Ocana, in forests,
1,200 m., Schlim 539 (K). Pericos, Ocana, 1,500 m., Schlim 532
(K). Types of P. patula and P. densiflora collected by Humboldt
and Bonpland in "America meridional!," perhaps in Colombia.
Type of P. hundensis from Honda, Bonpland. Type of P. ardisiae-
folia from Turbaco, Bonpland. The species ranges south to Bolivia.

A shrub or small tree, nearly glabrous; stipules large, usually
obtuse, brown, caducous; leaves petiolate, elliptic-oblong, usually
broadest at the middle, acute or acuminate, acute at the base,
glabrous or puberulent beneath along the nerves; inflorescence
terminal, pedunculate, glabrous or minutely puberulent, many-
flowered, open, radiately branched at base, the bracts inconspicuous,
deciduous; flowers short-pedicellate, the pedicels often elongate in
fruit; corolla white, 4 mm. long, minutely puberulent or glabrous;
fruit subglobose, 4.5 mm. long.

Psychotria alibertoides Wernh. Kew Bull. 1914: 68. 1914.

Type from San Jose", Rio Putumayo, Caqueta District, Sprague
602.

A glabrous shrub; stipules oblong, rounded at the apex, 1 cm.
long, caducous; leaves short-petiolate, obovate, 14-15 cm. long,
6.5-7 cm. wide, short-acuminate, acute at the base; inflorescence
dichotomous or trichotomous, terminal, pedunculate, 7-10-flowered;
calyx limb 2.5 mm. long and 6 mm. wide, obscurely dentate; corolla
white, glabrous, the tube 13 mm. long, the lobes oblong, obtuse,
4.5 mm. long.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 85

Psychotria amita, sp. nov. — Frutex vel arbor parva ut videtur
dense ramosa, 1-3.5 m. alta, ramulis gracilibus teretibus puberulis
vel glabris, novellis viridibus, vetustioribus ochraceis vel subferru-
gineis, internodiis brevibus vel elongatis; stipulae in vaginam 1-3 mm.
longam persistentem truncatam puberulam vel glabram connatae,
vagina in lobos 4 dentiformes remotos 0.5-1 mm. longos desinente;
folia opposita, petiolo gracili 2-6 mm. longo puberulo vel glabro;
lamina elliptico-oblonga vel lanceolata-oblonga, 3.5-7.5 cm. longa,
1-3 cm. lata, longe angusteque acuminata, acumine acuto, basi
acuta, papyracea, marginata, supra viridis, glabra, nervis prominen-
tibus, subtus paullo pallidior, ad nervos sparse minuteque pilosa vel
puberula vel interdum glabra, cpsta gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere c. 10, gracillimis, prominulis, angulo lato adscen-
dentibus, arcuatis, marginem attingentibus, nervulis inconspicuis;
inflorescentia terminalis, plerumque 1-3 cm. longe pedunculata,
rarius sessilis, anguste paniculata, 2-6 cm. longa, 1.5-4.5 cm. lata,
laxe pauci- vel multiflora, ramulis primariis oppositis brevibus
divaricatis vel inferioribus adscendentibus, dense puberulis; flores
plerumque in cymulas trifloras aggregatas dispositi, sessiles; bracteae
subulatae, puberulae, 1-2 mm. longae; calyx vix 0.5 mm. longus
glaber acute denticulatus vel subtruncatus; corolla alba vel viridi-
alba, 3-4 mm. longa, infundibuliformis, minute puberula, tubo crasso
superne vix dilato, lobis tubo duplo brevioribus, oblongis, apice
acute cucullatis; fructus subglobosus glaber 4-5 mm. longus auranti-
acus vel maturus niger, sulcatus, costis obtusis. — Colombia: In
woods, vicinity of California, Dept. Santander, Eastern Cordillera,
alt. 2,000 m., January 11-27, 1927, Ellsworth P. Killip and Albert C.
Smith 17080 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,325,729, type; duplicate in Y);
in open woods, Killip & Smith 16892 (W). Santa Marta, Purdie
(G). Wooded banks of Rio de la Baja, below La Baja, Santander,
2,200 m., Killip & Smith 18291 (W, Y). La Baja, Santander, in
forest, 3,000 m., Killip & Smith 18124 (W, Y), 18342 (W, Y).
Pica-Pica Valley, above Tapata, Norte de Santander, 2,100-2,400 m.,
in dense woods, Killip & Smith 20228 (W, Y), 20240 (W). Western
slope of Mount Pena Blanca, near Charta, Santander, 2,500 m., in
dense woods, Killip & Smith 19282 (W, Y). Without locality,
Linden 1316 (K). Mountains of Characaybo, September, 1844,
Purdie (K).

Psychotria anceps HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 360. 1820. P.
lutida HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 361. pi. 283. 1820. Mapouria
biacuminata Rusby, Descr. N. Sp. S. Amer. PL 136. 1920.

Type collected near the falls of Tequendama, Bonpland. Type
of P. lucida from the banks of the Rio Magdalena, Bonpland. Minca
and Escalera de los Indies, 150-750 m., H. H. Smith 1826 (F, W, S,
P, type collection of M. biacuminata). Melgar, Cundinamarca, on
open slope, 1,300-1,700 m., Pennell 2845 (W, Y). West of San Lorenzo,
Tolima, 400-600 m., Pennell 3523 (W, G, Y). Antioquia, Jervise (K).
Near Jiron, Weir 86 (K). Rio Ullucos, Cauca, 1,000-1,700 m.,
Lehmann 4455 (K).

86 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VII

A glabrous shrub or small tree; stipules large, ovate, acutish,
brown, caducous; leaves petiolate, oblong, oblanceolate-oblong, or
rarely elliptic-oblong, short-acuminate, attenuate at the base,
coriaceous, lustrous above; inflorescence terminal, pedunculate,
paniculate, trichotomous, many-flowered, broad, the branches min-
utely puberulent or glabrate, the bracts minute; flowers sessile;
calyx teeth triangular, acute or obtuse; corolla yellowish or greenish
white, 4 mm. long, glabrous outside, the lobes short, rounded; fruit
red, globose, coarsely costate, 3 mm. long.

Psychotria articulicymosa Wernh. Journ. Bot. 55: 253. 1917.

Type from Bogota, Anapoirna, at 600 m., Triana 1692.

A glabrous shrub; stipules ovate, subcoriaceous, 7 mm. long,
obtuse, finally more or less pectinate; leaves short-petiolate, papy-
raceous, rhombic or elliptic, 9-14 cm. long, 3.5-6 cm. wide, acuminate,
cuneate at the base; inflorescence terminal, pedunculate, paniculate,
the flowers sessile in cymules, the bracts small; calyx broadly lobate;
corolla tube 2.5 mm. long, the lobes 3 mm. long.

Psychotria Aschersoniana Schum. & Krause, Bot. Jahrb.
Engler40:330. 1908.

Type from humid forest near Cerro Munchique, at 2,200-2,300 m.,
Lehmann 3722. Rio Cabrera, Tolima, 2,000 m., Lehmann 2337 (W).
San Jose", Cauca, 2,300-2,500 m., Pennell 7616 (W, G, Y). La
Cumbre, El Valle, 1,700-2,200 m., Pennell & Killip 5790 (W, G, Y),
Killip 11419 (W, G, Y). Bogota, Turner 57" (K). Antioquia, 1,650
m., Kalbreyer 1647 (K). Ocaiia, 1,800 m., Schlim 679 (K).

A shrub or small tree, the branches densely pubescent; stipules
persistent, biparted, the lobes subulate, 10-15 mm. long; leaves
petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, large, long-acuminate, acute at the
base, densely pubescent; inflorescence terminal, pedunculate, at first
dense but in fruit large and open, paniculate, the flowers short-
pedicellate; calyx obsoletely denticulate; corolla yellow or white,
glabrous outside; fruit black, glabrous, 4 mm. long.

Psychotria aschersonianoides Wernh. Journ. Bot. 55: 251.
1917.

Type from Colombia, Triana 195. Cerro Tatama, in mossy
forest, 2,800-3,300 m., Pennell 10466 (W). Paramo del Hatico,
Norte de Santander, 2,900 m., Killip & Smith 20696 (W), 20647 (W).
Below Paramo de Chaquiro, Bolivar, 2,800-3,100 m., Pennell 4363
(Y). Las Vegas, Santander, 2,600-3,000 m., in woods, Killip &
Smith 15890 (W). Without locality, Ariste-Joseph B46 (W). Paramo
Rico, Santander, 3,200 m., Killip & Smith 17855 (W). Mount
Santa Ana, Cauca, 2,700-3,000 m., Pennell 7436 (W, G, Y). Pam-
plona to Toledo, Norte de Santander, 2,800-3,000 m., Killip & Smith
19846 (W, Y). Guadalupe, 3,000 m., Apollinaire & Arthur 114 (W).
Bogota, Goudot (K). Ocaiia to Pamplona, 2,850 m., Kalbreyer
1198 (K).

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 87

A shrub 1 m., high or less, often weak and procumbent, the
branches short- villous; stipules short, persistent, bilobate; leaves
petiolate, ovate or elliptic, 5-14 cm. long, acute or obtuse, usually
rounded at the base, hispidulous, often densely so beneath; inflores-
cence terminal, pedunculate, thyrsiform-paniculate, dense, the bracts
linear, the flowers sessile or nearly so; calyx 5-lqbate, the lobes
ovate, acute; corolla yellow, 1 cm. long, sparsely pilose; fruit blue,
ovoid, 6 mm. long, villosulous or glabrate.

Psychotria axillaris Willd. Sp. PI. 1: 962. 1797. Ronabea
latifolia Aubl. PL Guian. 154. pi. 59. 1775, non Psychotria latifolia
H. & B., 1819.

Dense forest on Rio Timbiqui, Lehmann 9020 (K, Y). Forest of
Buenaventura, Lehmann B.T.891 (K, Y). Also in Trinidad, the
Guianas, and Bolivia.

A shrub about 2 m. high; stipules subulate, persistent, 2 mm.
long; leaves petiolate, elliptic to oblong, 12-15 cm. long, acuminate,
tapering at the base, glabrous or with minute scattered hairs beneath;
inflorescences axillary, short-pedunculate, densely few-flowered,
scarcely longer than the petioles, the flowers nearly sessile, white;
calyx minutely 5-dentate; corolla barbate within; fruit black.

Psychotria bertieroides Wernh. Kew Bull. 1914: 67. 1914.

Type from Mocoa, Caqueta District, Sprague 386.

A glabrous shrub; stipules short-connate, biaristate, persistent,
the aristae 3 mm. long; leaves petiolate, elliptic, 16-22 cm. long,
6-9 cm. wide, acute; inflorescence terminal, pedunculate, thyrsoid,
lax, 11 cm. long and 6 cm. wide, the cymules dichotomqus, subsecund;
flowers sessile, 4-5 mm. long; bracts obsolete; calyx minutely dentic-
ulate; corolla sparsely pubescent; fruit costate, glabrous.

Said to be related to P. patens Sw.

Psychotria bogotensis, sp. nov. — Ramuli graciles subteretes,
junioribus dense ferrugineo-puberulis, vetustioribus ochraceis rimosis,
internodiis brevibus; stipulae caducae, late ovatae, 7-9 mm. longae,
cuspidatq-acuminatae, tenues, ferrugineae, fere glabrae; folia oppo-
sita, petidlo gracili 4-8 mm. longo puberulo; lamina lanceolato-
oblonga, crasse papyracea, 4.5-8 cm. longa, 1-2.5 cm. lata, longe
angusteque acuminata, basin versus longe sensimque angustata,
supra fusca, glabra, nervis non elevatis, subtus brunnescens, ad
nervos minute ferrugineo-puberula, costa gracili elevata, nervis
lateralibus utroque latere c. 11, angulo acuto adscendentibus,
gracilibus, prominentibus, leviter arcuatis, prope marginem con-
junctis, nervulis obscuris; inflorescentiae terminates vel pseudo-
axillares, sessiles vel pedunculatae, cymoso-paniculatae, 2.5-3 cm.
longae et latae, laxe multiflorae, ramulis gracilibus adscendentibus
minute sparseque ferrugineo-puberulis, floribus sessilibus vel brevis-
sime pedicellatis; bracteae subulatae 1-3.5 mm. longae saepe deciduae;
hypanthium obovoideum 1 mm. longum obscure puberulum vel fere

88 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

glabrum; calyx 0.8 mm. longus 5-dentatus, dentibus triangulari-
ovatis acutis; corolla extus glabra tubuloso-infundibuliformis 7 mm.
longa, tubo crasso superne vix dilatato, lobis anguste trian-
gularibus tubo triplo brevioribus, acutis, intus minute puberulis;
antherae subexsertae; fructus subglobosus glaber 5 mm. longus. —
Colombia: Chiquinquira, near Bogota, alt. 2,700 m., July, 1909, Bro.
Ariste-Joseph (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,124,994, type); September
1909, Ariste-Joseph A297 (W).

Like so many of the Psychotrias, this plant has no salient
characters, but it has been impossible to refer the specimens to any
of the species reported from Colombia.

Psychotria boqueronensis Wernh. Journ. Bot. 52: 315. 1914.
Coffea spicata HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 371. pi. 286. 1820, non
Psychotria spicata Benth. 1841.

Type from El Boqueron, 2,620 m., Triana 1684* Type of C.
spicata from Colombia, Mutis. Chapinero, near Bogota, 2,800 m.,
Pennell 1998 (W, Y). Region of Bogota, in 1919, Ariste-Joseph (W).
Mountains near Bogota, Holton 421 (G, K, P, Y). Montserrate,
near Bogota, Herb. Parseval-Grandmaison (G). Tequendama(?),
Andre K.lll (Y). Without locality, Triana 80 (K) \Linden 1296 (K).
Bogota, in forests, Goudot (K). Hills near Bogota, Weir (K). Bogota,
2,700 m., Tracey 252 (K).

A stiff glabrous shrub; stipules short, broadly oblong 2-3-aristate,
persistent; leaves short-petiolate, obovate or elliptic, 2.5-6 cm. long,
obtuse or acute, acute at the base, coriaceous, bright yellow-green
when dried; inflorescence terminal, pedunculate, spiciform, the
flowers subsessile; calyx teeth short, triangular, acute; corolla
glabrous, white, 5-6 mm. long; fruit globose, 5 mm. in diameter.

Psychotria brachiata Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 45. 1788.

Armenia, Caldas, 1,100-1,400 m., Pennell, Killip & Hazen 8661
(W, G, Y). Cascada Chorron, Bolivar, Pennell 4434 (Y). Los Dantos
to Puerto Canoa, Bolivar, 400-800 m., Pennell 4522 (W, Y). Dept.
of Tolima, Ariste-Joseph A776 (W). Without locality, Andre 942
(K); Triana 1705 (K). Widely distributed in tropical America.

A shrub with glabrous branches; stipules short, green, persistent,
bilobate, the lobes rounded; leaves petiolate, oblong-obovate to
oblong-elliptic, acuminate, acute to attenuate at the base, glabrous
or nearly so; inflorescence terminal, pedunculate, paniculate, narrow,
the branches short, divaricate, subtended by long narrow involute
bracts, the flowers in dense bracted clusters; corolla white or blue,
1 cm. long, pubescent; fruit glabrous, blue.

Some of the Colombian specimens have much larger flower heads
than any of the West Indian material, but all the specimens appear
to be conspecific.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 89

Psychotria cabuyarensis Wernh. Kew Bull. 1914: 68. 1914.

Type from Cabuyaro, Rio Meta, in forest, Spraguel54. Wernham
reports also Barclay 739 from St. Francis Esmeraldas.

A glabrous shrub or small tree 3 m. high; stipules broadly ovate,
caudate-acuminate, 1.5 cm. long and broad; leaves subsessile,
obovate, 26-31 cm. long, 9-12 cm. wide, acuminate, attenuate to the
base; inflorescence terminal, thyrsiform, lax, long-pedunculate, the
bracts minute, caducous; flowers greenish white; fruit ovoid, 8-9 mm.
long.

Psychotria carthaginensis Jacq. Enum. PL Carib. 16. 1760.
P. foveolata R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 59. pi. 207, f. b. 1799.

Type from Cartagena, Jacquin. Cartagena, Bro. Heriberto 4.1
(W). Melgar, Cundinamarca, 1,300-1,700 m., Pennell 2845 (G).
Without locality, Cuming (Y). Masinga, 150 m., H. H. Smith 1803
(Y). Enllanada, Ocafia, 1,200 m., Schlim 584 (K). Ocana, 1,200 m.,
Schlim 511 (K). Puerto Ocana, Rio Magdalena, Hartweg 1060 (K).
Highlands of Popayan, 1,600-1,900 m., Lehmann B.T.393. Widely
distributed in South America.

A nearly glabrous shrub; stipules obovate, obtuse, brown,
caducous; leaves petiolate, lance-elliptic to oblong-obovate, acute or
acuminate, acute to attenuate at the base, minutely puberulent
beneath or glabrate; inflorescence terminal, pedunculate, paniculate,
usually radiately branched at the base, open, many-flowered, the
bracts minute, deciduous; flowers sessile; calyx denticulate; corolla
white, 4 mm. long, minutely puberulent or glabrous; fruit red,
4 mm. long, costate, glabrous.

P. floribunda HBK. (Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 359. 1820) must be
closely related, if not a synonym of this species. The type locality
is given doubtfully as Turbaco.

Jacquin's brief description and his plate (Sel. Stirp. Amer.
pi. 174, f 22) are far from satisfactory for the identification of his
species, which is probably the same as either P. foveolata or P. alba
R. & P. Since there is at hand a specimen from Cartagena referable
to P. foveolata, and none referable to P. alba, I have assumed that
the Jacquin plant is conspecific with the former.

Psychotria choriophylla, sp. nov. — Ramuli crassi, subteretes,
ochracei vel brunnescentes, sublucidi, glabri, internodiis brevibus;
stipulae (perfectae non visae) persistentes incrassatae, c. 4 mm.
longae, parte apicali non visa; folia breviter petiolata opposita,
petiolo crasso 7-13 mm. longo glabro supra late sulcato; lamina
crasse coriacea, elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica, 10-12 cm. longa,
4-6.5 cm. lata, abrupte breviterque acuminata. acumine c. 6 mm.
longo triangulari obtuso, basi subacuta vel obtusa vel interdum
abrupte breviterque contracta, supra lucida, nervis lateralibus
prominulis, glabra, subtus pallidior, lutescens, ad nervos minutissime

90 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

puberula vel fere omnino glabra, costa valida elevata, nervis later-
alibus utroque latere c. 8, angulp lato adscendentibus, arcuatis,
prope marginem conjunctis, nervulis prominulis reticulatis, margine
saepe revoluto; inflorescentia terminalis 1 cm. longe pedunculata,
cymoso-paniculata, angusta, 5 cm. longa et 2.5 cm. lata, dense
multiflora, pedunculo crasso, sparse et minute scaberulo-puberulo,
basi trichotoma, ramis crassissimis brevibus adscendentibus vel
suberectis subcompressis minute scaberulo-puberulis, floribus sessij-
ibus ad apices ramulorum densissime capitato-congestis, bracteis
inconspicuis, late ovatis vel rotundatis, plerumque 1-2 mm. longis,
apice obtusis vel rotundatis, extus minute puberulis; hypanthium
late turbinatum fere 1 mm. longum glabrum; calyx 0.5 mm. longus
glaber, 5-dentatus, dentibus triangularibus acutis vel obtusis minute
ciliolatis, disco annulari incrassato; corolla 3 mm. longa, in alabastro
apice rotundata vel obtusa, extus minute puberula, tubo obconico
crasso fauce dense albido-barbato, lobis 5 oblongis obtusis patentibus
intus dense papillosis tubo aequalibus vel longioribus; antherae
exsertae oblongae fere 1 mm. longae. — Colombia: Provincia de
Buenaventura, April, 1853 (?), Triana 3149 (Herb. Kew., type).

An isolated species, in general appearance not similar to any
other known from Colombia.

Psychotria cincta, sp. nov. — Frutex vel arbor parva, ram-
ulis gracilibus subteretibus viridibus glabris, internodiis 7-10 cm.
longis; stipulae persistentes virides in vaginam adpressam 2-4 mm.
longam truncatam glabram connatae, vagina in lobos 4 subulatos
rigidos 7-14 mm. longos erectos desinente; folia opposita, petiolo
gracili 6-15 mm. longo supra sulcato glabro; lamina elliptico-
oblonga, 14-18 cm. longa, 3-6.5 cm. lata, coriacea, longe angusteque
acuminata, acumine attenuate saepe falcato, basi obtusa vel acuta,
glabra, late marginata, margine incrassato stramineo, costa gracili
utrinque elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 14, gracilibus,
prominentibus, angulo fere recto adscendentibus, valde arcuatis, in
marginem desinentibus, nervulis subtus prominulis laxe et irregu-
lariter reticulatis; inflorescentia terminalis 7-8 cm. longe pedunculata,
thyrsoideo-paniculata, 6-11 cm. longa, 3.5 cm. lata, laxe multiflora,
pedunculo gracili rigido, rhachi flexuosa minute hirtella, ramis
primariis brevibus rigidis alternis divaricatis vel subrecurvis, floribus
cymulosis subsecundis sessilibus; bracteae oblongo-triangulares,
acutae, 2 mm. longae vel multo breviores; calyx vix 0.5 mm. longus,
remote obscureque denticulatus; fructus globosus 4-4.5 mm. longus
glaber obscure costatus. — Colombia: In forest, Cordoba, Dagua
Valley, alt. 100 m., May 6-8, 1922, Ellsworth P. Killip 5140 (U. S.
Nat. Herb. No. 1,141,369, type; duplicate in G).

This plant is a close relative of P. patens Sw., but it is easily
distinguished by the sharply denned, pale margins of the leaves.
The lateral veins run directly from the costa into the thickened
margin.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 91

Psychotria conferta Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 107. 1844.

Type from Colombia.

Branches puberulent only at the apex; stipules bifid, 4 mm.
long, the lobes lanceolate, acute; leaves petiolate, oval-elliptic, 10-15
cm. long or larger, acuminate, attenuate to the base, glabrous;
inflorescence terminal, pedunculate, corymbose-paniculate, many-
flowered, trichotomous, the bracts minute; flowers short-pedicellate;
calyx 5-fid; corolla puberulent, villous in the throat, the lobes twice
as long as the tube.

Psychotria cuspidata Bredem. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 192. 1819.
Ronabea didymocarpos A. Rich. Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 5: 170.
1834. P. cornigera Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 227. 1841. Pali-
courea didymocarpa Griseb. Cat. PI. Cub. 138. 1866. Psychotria
acuminata Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 107. 1844. Uragoga cuspidata
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 960. 1891.

Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 2083 (F, W, G, M, P). Without
locality, Hartwegl061 (G). Huangubio, highlands of Popayan, 1,600-
1,800 m., Lehmann B.T.392 (F, G, Y). Without locality, Lehmann
B.T.1255 (Y). La Cumbre, El Valle, 1,700-2,100 m., Kittip &
Hazen 11162 (W, G, Y), Kittip 5576 (W, G, Y), 11344 (W, G, Y).
Frasquillo, on Rio Sinu, 100-200 m., Pennell 4598 (Y). Dauro,
Toro 1163 (Y). Mesa de los Santos, Santander, 1,500 m., Kittip &
Smith 15151 (W, Y), 15154 (Y). Without locality, Triana 1682
(K). Widely distributed in tropical America.

A slender glabrous shrub or small tree 1.5-3.5 m. high; stipules
short, green, persistent, bicuspidate; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate
to elliptic-ovate, very long-acuminate, obtuse to rounded at the base
or rarely acute; inflorescence terminal, pedunculate, small, corym-
bose-paniculate, the few branches slender, ascending or rarely
reflexed; calyx truncate; corolla white, glabrous outside, about 5
mm. long.

P. acuminata is a form with narrow, extremely long-acuminate
leaves, and further study may show that it is a distinct species.
It was described from Gorgona and the coast of Colombia.

Psychotria daguensis, sp. nov. — Arbor parva, ramulis graci-
libus subteretibus dense pilis pallidis adpresso-hirsutis, vetustioribus
ochraceis, internodiis brevibus; stipulae breviter connatae, persis-
tentes, 5-10 mm. longae, adpresso-hirsutae, ad medium bifidae,
lobis lineari-lanceolatis attenuatis; folia opposita, petiolo valido 2-5
mm. longo adpresso-hirsuto; lamina subcoriacea, elliptico-oblonga,
5.5-10 cm. longa, 2-4 cm. lata, abrupte angusteque acuminata,
acumine acuto, basi acuta vel obtusa, supra viridis, sparse adpresso-
setosa, costa neryisque prominentibus, subtus vix pallidior, undique,
ad nervos densius, pilis longis gracillimis adpresso-pilosa, costa
gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 16, elevatis,
gracilibus, angulo lato adscendentibus, arcuatis, parallelis, juxta

92 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

marginem conjunctis, neryulis transversis prominentibus irregu-
laribus; inflorescentia terminalis 2-4 cm. longe pedunculata, thyr-
soideo-paniculata, densissime multiflora, 2.5-3.5 cm. longa, 1-2 cm.
lata, ramis primariis diyaricatis, interdum fere obsoletis, crassis,
dense breviterque hirsutis, floribus numerosis ad apices ramorum
dense conferto-capitatis; bracteae parvae oblongae obtusae hispi-
dulae; hypanthium dense hispidulum; calyx 0.6 mm. longus 5-
partitus, lobis anguste triangularibus acutis extus dense hirtellis;
fructus ovalis 3 mm. longus, obtuse costatus, dense breviterque
hirsutus, calyce persistente coronatus. — Colombia: In forest,
Cordoba, Dagua Valley, Dept. El Valle, alt. 100 m., May 6-8, 1922,
Ellsworth P. Killip 5135 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,140,558, type;
duplicate in Y).

Psychotria decora, sp. nov. — Frutex, ramulis gracilibus sub-
teretibus glabris, vetustioribus pchraceis vel brunnescentibus, inter-
nodiis elongatis; stipulae persistentes, breviter connatae, ovatae,
2.5 mm. longae, glabrae, in aristam 2 mm. longam desinentes; folia
opppsita, petiolo 4-6 mm. longo valido marginato, margine undulato;
lamina oblonga, 12-14.5 cm. longa, 4-5 cm. lata, abrupte acuminata,
acumine angusto attenuate 1.5-2 cm. longo, basi acuta, papyracea,
marginata, glabra, supra fusca sublucida, costa nervisque promi-
nulis sed non conspicuis, subtus concolor, costa gracili eleyata,
nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 7, angulo lato adscendentibus,
gracillimis, prominulis, leviter arcuatis, juxta marginem conjunctis,
nervulis vix prominulis irregulariter reticulatis; inflorescentia
terminalis 5 cm. longe pedunculata, cymoso-paniculata, laxe pauci-
flora, 6.5 cm. longa, 5 cm. lata, pedunculo gracili puberulo, ramulis
oppositis gracilibus adscendentibus puberulis; bracteae subulatae
1-1.8 mm. longae; cymulae triflorae, pedicellis 1-5 mm. longis;
hypanthium turbinatum 1 mm. longum puberulum; calyx 0.5 mm.
longus 5-dentatus, dentibus minutis triangularibus acutis; corolla
ochroleuca infundibuliformis 8 mm. longa extus minute puberula,
tubo gracili basi 0.5 mm. lato, superne sensim dilatato, fauce 2.5
mm. lato, lobis subrotundatis 1.5 mm. longis. — Colombia: In forest
along the river, opposite Boca Carare, Dept. Antioquia, alt. 125 m.,
January 14, 1918, Francis W. Pennell 3823 (Herb. N. Y. Bot.
Gard., type).

An isolated species, noteworthy for its handsome leaves and long
slender corolla.

Psychotria emetica L. f. Suppl. PI. 144. 1781. Cephaelis
emetica Pers. Syn. PI. 1: 203. 1805. Uragoga emetica Baill. Hist.
PL 7: 371. 1880.

Type from Giron, Mutis. Magdalena Valley, Dawe (Y). Puerto
Berrio, Toro 1124 (Y). Boca Verde, on Rio Sinu, 90-120 m., Pennell
4240 (Y). Cisneros, El Valle, 300-500 m., Killip 11466 (W). With-
out locality, Triana 1722 (K). Also in Central America and Bolivia.

Stems simple, suffrutescent, 30 cm. high or more, puberulent;
stipules distinct, 3-4 mm. long, triangular-lanceolate, acuminate,

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 93

deciduous; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic-oblong to oblanceolate-
oblong, acute or acuminate, at the base acute to long-attenuate,
glabrous above, puberulent beneath; inflorescences axillary, about
as long as the petiole, solitary or geminate, bearing a few capitate
subsessile flowers, sometimes bifurcate, the bracts minute; calyx
obscurely dentate; corolla white, 5 mm. long, glabrous outside; fruit
6 mm. long.

The plant has been used as a source of ipecac, but it is said to
be inferior to Cephaelis Ipecacuanha.

Psychotria erythrocephala (Schum. & Krause), comb. nov.
Uragoga erythrocephala Schum. & Krause. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 40:
343. 1908. P. Spraguei Wernh. Kew Bull. 1914: 67. 1914.

Dense woods near Buenos Aires and Quilichao, Lehmann 5442
(F, type collection). In thicket, Cuatro Esquinas, Cauca, 1,700-
1,800 m., Pennell & Killip 6368 (W, G, Y). In woodland, Morales,
Cauca, 1,700 m., Pennell & Killip 8292 (W). Mesa de los Santos,
Santander, 1,500 m., in woods, Killip & Smith 15182 (W, Y), 15070
(W). Ocaiia, Purdie (G, K). Highlands of Popayan, 1,500-1,800
m., Lehmann B.T.396 (K, Y), B.T.I 278. El Hatico and Aganche,
1,200-1,600 m., Lehmann B.T.517 (K, Y). Caracoles, Kalbreyer
1055 (K). Without locality, Triana 1708 (K). Type of P. Spraguei
from San Agustin, Tolima, Sprague 804-

A shrub 1-3.5 m. high, the branches hirsute; stipules persistent,
bifid, the lobes linear, up to 2.5 cm. long; leaves petiolate, lanceolate
or narrowly oblong, large, long-acuminate, acute to attenuate at
the base, hirsute or hispidulous; inflorescence head-like, terminal,
pedunculate, dense and many-flowered; bracts lanceolate or linear,
red; calyx lobes 5, linear, 2-4.5 mm. long; corolla pink, glabrate,
6 mm. long; fruit hispid, ellipsoid.

Psychotria familiarifolia Wernh. Journ. Bot. 55: 253. 1917.

Type from Colombia, Triana 134.

A glabrous shrub; stipules oblong, obtuse, 8 mm. long; leaves
coriaceous, petiolate, lanceolate, acuminate, narrowed to the base,
8-12 cm. long, 2.5-4 cm. wide; inflorescence terminal, cymose-
umbellate, trichotomous, lax, the bracts small, ovate-oblong; calyx
lobate; corolla glabrous outside, the tube 3 mm. long, the lobes 1.5
mm. long, obtuse.

Psychotria Fendlefi Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 129.
1916.

Onaca, 750 m., H. H. Smith 1832 (F, W, G, M, P, Y). Mamatoca,
30 m., H. H. Smith 1802 (F, G, M, P, Y). Rio Frio, Santa Marta
Mountains, Walker 1228 (W, G, M). Near Bonda, 45 m., H. H.
Smith 1803 (Y). Also in Panama.

A glabrous shrub 1-2 m. high; stipules brown, obtuse, 7-9 mm.
long, caducous; leaves petiolate, elliptic-obovate or cuneate-obovate,
thick, usually rounded at the apex and very shortly produced, the

94 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VII

tip obtuse, attenuate to the base and decurrent; inflorescence
terminal, cymose-paniculate, pedunculate, many-flowered, radiately
branched from the base, the flowers mostly sessile, the bracts
minute, caducous; calyx shortly and obtusely dentate; corolla white,
5 mm. long, glabrous outside.

This is probably only a form of P. carthaginensis.

Psychotria fortuita, sp. nov. — Frutex 1-3.5 m. altus, ramulis
gracilibus subteretibus glabris, vetustioribus ferrugineis rimulosis,
internodiis plerumque elongatis; stipulae caducae, ovatae, obtusae
vel acuminatae, tenues, ferrugineae, glabrae, fere liberae; folia
opposita, petiolo gracili 4-13 mm. longo glabro; lamina lanceolato-
oblonga, papyracea, 6-15 cm. longa, 2-4.5 cm. lata, longe angusteque
acuminata, acumine acuto, basi acuta vel saepius subabrupte
longeque angustata et decurrens, supra obscure viridis glabra,
nervis manifestis sed vix elevatis, subtus paullo pallidior, ad axillas
costarum saepius obscure domatiata et obsolete barbellata, aliter
glabra, costa gracili eleyata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 12,
angulo lato adscendentibus, gracilibus, prominulis, arcuatis, prope
marginem conjunctis et interdum neryum collectivum efformantibus,
nervulis obscuris; inflorescentia terminalis vel pseudo-axillaris, vulgo
1-4 cm. longe pedunculata, cymoso-paniculata, laxe multiflora, 3-7
cm. longa, 4-10 cm. lata, ramis primariis gracilibus elongatis, infimis
verticillatis, superioribus oppositis divaricatis vel adscendentibus
glabris; flores sparsi, plerumque 1-4 mm. longe pedicellati, rarius
sessiles; bracteae minutae deciduae; hypanthium late turbinatum
glabrum 1 mm. longum; calyx 0.5 mm. longus glaber remote 5-
dentatus, dentibus late triangularibus acutis; corolla alba vel viridi-
alba 3-3.5 mm. longa tubuloso-infundibuliformis extus glabra, tubo
crasso superne vix dilatato, lobis oblongo-triangularibus obtusis
tubo duplo brevioribus. — Colombia: In damp forest, glen near a
stream, Las Nubes, alt. 1,350 m., December 17, 1898, H. H. Smith
1821 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 138,669, type; duplicates in W, G, M,
P, Y; distributed as Palicourea Pavetta). Tona, Santander, in woods,
1,900-2,100 m., Kittip & Smith 19454 (W). Loso, Norte de San-
tander, in woods along stream, 2,200-2,400 m., Kittip & Smith
20425 (W, Y). Rio Surata Valley, Santander, 2,000-2,300 m., edge
of forest, Kittip & Smith 16617 (W), 16679 (W, Y), 16739 (W, Y).

Psychotria gallerana, sp. nov. — Arbor parva, ramulis gracilibus
subteretibus, novellis sordide villosis, vetustioribus ochraceis vel
brunneis, internodiis breyibus vel elongatis; stipulae 4-6 mm.
longae, subacutae, in vaginam persistentem dorso villosulam con-
natae; folia opposita, petiolo gracili 3-9 mm. longo villosulo vel
glabrato; lamina elliptico-oblonga vel oboyato-oblonga, 6-9.5 cm.
longa, 2.5-3.5 cm. lata, abrupte longiacuminata, acumine angusto
obtuso, basin versus cuneatim angustata, basi ipsa acuta vel subob-
tusa, subcoriacea, marginata, supra viridis, ad costam villosula,
nervis manifestis sed non elevatis, subtus pallidior, ad nervos
villosula, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 95

c. 15, angulo lato adscendentibus, gracilibus, prominentibus, valde
arcuatis, marginem attingentibus, nervulis obsoletis; inflorescentia
terminals, sessilis vel 1 cm. longe pedunculata, cymoso-paniculata,
3-4 cm. longa, 4-7 cm. lata, laxe multiflora, basi 2-5-ramosa, ramis
adscendentibus sparse puberulis, cymulis paucifloris, floribus sessi-
libus vel 1-3 mm. longe pedicellatis; bracteae ovatae vel oblongae,
1-2 mm. longae, obtusae vel acutae, glabrae; hypanthium fere 1
mm. longum glabrum; calyx 1-1.5 mm. longus glaber 5-partitus,
lobis obovatp-ovalibus apice rotundatis et apiculatis; corolla infundi-
buliformis, in alabastro 4.5 mm. longa, extus glabra, lobis tubo
brevioribus; fructus niger ellipsoideus 5 mm. longus costatus glaber,
calyce persistente coronatus. — Colombia: In forest, La Gallera,
Micay Valley, Dept. El Cauca, alt. 1,900 m., July 1, 1922, Ellsworth
P. Killip 7943 (U. S. Nat. Herb., No. 1,140,632, type; duplicates
in G and Y).

Psychotria graciliflora Benth. ex Oerst. Kjob. Vid. Medd.
1849-50:35. 1852.

Cupica, Seemann (K). Also in Central America.

Glabrous; stipules connate, 3-5 mm. long, deciduous, acuminate,
entire or minutely bidentate; leaves short-petiolate, oval to elliptic-
oblong, small, acuminate, long-attenuate to the base; inflorescence
terminal, pedunculate, cymose-paniculate, lax, trichotomous, equaling
or shorter than the leaves; calyx truncate; corolla 4 mm. long,
pilose in the throat.

Psychotria grandis Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 43. 1788.

In forest, Don Diego, H. H. Smith 2648 (F, W, Y). Also in
Central America and the West Indies.

A large shrub or small tree, nearly glabrous; stipules broadly
ovate, cuspidate-acuminate, large, subpersistent; leaves nearly
sessile, cuneate-obovate or oblong-obovate, large, abruptly short-
acuminate, attenuate to the base, glabrous; inflorescence terminal,
cymose-paniculate, long-pedunculate, radiately branched at the
base, the branches minutely puberulent; flowers sessile, the bracts
deciduous; calyx obscurely denticulate; corolla whitish, 3 mm. long,
glabrous outside, barbate in the throat.

Psychotria halophiloides Wernh. Journ. Bot. 55: 254. 1917.

Type from Gallego, Quindio, at 2,280 m., Triana 185.

A glabrous shrub; stipules oblong, rounded-obtuse, deciduous, 1
cm. long; leaves short-petiolate, coriaceous, elliptic, about 7 cm.
long and 3 cm. wide, acuminate at each end; inflorescence terminal,
pedunculate, cymose-corymbose, 5-6-branched at the base, dense,
the bracts minute; flowers very shortly pedicellate; calyx subentire;
corolla tube 5-6 mm. long, the lobes 1.7 mm. long.

Psychotria Hartwegiana, nom. nov. Coffea marginata Benth.
PL Hartweg. 193. 1845, non Psychotria marginata Sw. 1788.

96 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VII

Type from the ascent to Paramo de Guanacas, Prov. Popayan,
Hartweg 1059. Delicias, Andes of Popayan, 3,000-3,600 m., Lehmann
8460 (F, K), 4473 (F, K). Headwaters of Rio Lopez, Cauca, 2,500
m., Pittier 1099 (W). Paletara, Cauca, 3,000-3,200 m., Pennell
6959 (W, G, Y); at 2,900-3,400 m., Lehmann 3533 (K). Without
locality, Purdie (K). Also in Bolivia.

Plants low, simple, suffrutescent, the branches glabrous or at
first puberulent; stipules caducous, broadly ovate, about 4 mm.
long; leaves large, petiolate, elliptic to oblong-ovate or lance-oblong,
acuminate, at the base acute or attenuate, puberulent or pilose
beneath, at least along the nerves, paler beneath; inflorescence
axillary, long-pedunculate, corymbose-paniculate, puberulent or
short-pilose, rather dense, the branches divaricate, the flowers
sessile or nearly so, glomerate; calyx 5-dentate; corolla yellowish
white, glabrous, 5 mm. long; fruit nearly 5 mm. long.

Psychotria Hazenii, sp. nov. — Frutex 1.5-metralis ut videtur
dense ramosus, ramulis gracilibus teretibus viridescentibus, novellis
dense breviterque pilosis, internodiis brevibus vel elongatis; stipulae
6-9 mm. longae, persistences, virides, breviter connatae, glabrae
vel basi pilosulae, ad medium vel profundius bifidae, lobis lineari-
lanceolatis longiattenuatis erectis; folia opposita, petiolo gracili
5-14 mm. longo pilosulo; lamina crasse membranacea, elliptico-
oblonga vel lanceolato-oblonga, 4.5-7 cm. longa, 1.5-2.5 cm. lata,
longe angusteque acuminata, acumine subacuto, basi acuta, supra
laete viridis, ad costam prominulam sparse pilosula, nervis incon-
spicuis, subtus pallidior, rhaphidibus elongatis pallidis conspersa,
ad nervos minute hirtella, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere c. 17, gracilibus, prominentibus, angulo lato adscen-
dentibus, leviter arcuatis, prope marginem nervum collectivum effor-
mantibus, nervulis paucis prominulis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia
terminalis, sessilis vel 1-3 cm. longe pedunculata, basi saepe tricho-
toma, 1.5-3 cm. longa, densa, interdum subcapitata, ramis primariis
obsoletis vel usque ad 1 cm. longis, fere glabris, floribus sessilibus
ad apices ramorum dense confertis; bracteae lanceolatae vel lineares,
5-11 mm. longae, longe attenuatae, virides, glabrae, imbricatae;
calyx 1.8-2.5 mm. longus glaber profunde 5-fidus, laciniis lanceolato-
linearibus attenuatis glabris; fructus caeruleus glaber ellipsoideus
4-5 mm. longus sulcatus, costis acutiusculis, carpellis facie interiore
profunde angusteque sulcatis. — Colombia: Forest above La Cumbre,
Dept. El Valle, alt. 1,800-2,200 m., May 14-19, 1922, Ellsworth P.
Killip 5573 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,140,570, type; duplicates in G
and Y). Rio Santa Rita, Salento, Caldas, in dense forest, Killip &
Hazen 9002 (W, G, Y).

A well-defined species, apparently marked by the small leaves
and small dense inflorescence with large foliaceous bracts.

Psychotria hebeclada DC. Prodr. 4: 513. 1830. P. justicioides
Schlecht. Linnaea 9: 596. 1834. Palicourea molliramis Schum. &
Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 40: 331. 1908.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 97

Santa Marta, 450 m., H. H. Smith 1799 (F, W, G, M, P). Near
Cacagualito, 450 m., H. H. Smith 1799 (Y). Don Amo, 600 m.,
H. H. Smith 1799 (Y). Jiracasaca, 750 m., H. H. Smith 1799 (Y).
Minca, 600 m., H. H. Smith 1799 (Y). Don Diego, H. H. Smith
1799 (Y). South of Mamatoca, 300 m., H. H. Smith 2797 (Y).
Dagua, Buenaventura, 200-500 m., Lehmann 5113 (F). La Paila,
Cauca, May 18, 1853, Holton (K, Y). Rio Frio, Magdalena, Pittier
1631 (W, Y). Magdalena, Holton 425 (P, Y). Turbaco, Bro. Heri-
berto 414 (W). Dense wet forest near Las Juntas, Rio Dagua, Cauca,
200-500 m., Lehmann 4667 (F, type collection of P. mollramis).
Without locality, Triana 1681 (K). Ranging to Mexico; also in
Ecuador.

A shrub, sometimes 3 m. high, the young branches densely
puberulent; stipules short, green, persistent, bidentate; leaves thin,
petiolate, ovate to oblong-elliptic, long-acuminate, acute or attenuate
at the base, finely pubescent, at least beneath; inflorescence terminal,
pedunculate, thyrsoid-paniculate, dense, many-flowered, densely
pubescent; calyx 5-lobate, the lobes short, ovate, acute or obtuse;
corolla whitish, 5 mm. long, pubescent; fruit glabrate, subglobose,
4 mm. long.

Psychotria Hindsii, sp. nov. — Ramuli graciles subteretes vel
subcompressi, novellis dense ferrugineo-villosulis, internodiis elon-
gatis; stipulae caducae, ferrugineae, oblongae vel ovatae, 10-13 mm.
longae, acuminatae vel cuspidato-acuminatae, dense ferrugineo-
villosulae; folia breviter petiolata opposita, petiolo 0.8-3 cm. longo
gracili dense ferrugineo-villosulo; lamina crasse membranacea,
oblonga vel oblanceolato-oblonga, 12-22 cm. longa, 4-7.5 cm. lata,
acuminata vel longe acuminata, acumine angusto attenuate, basin
versus longe angustata, superne fusca sublucida ad nervos vel in tota
superficie ferrugineo-villosula, nervis non elevatis, subtus paullo
pallidior, ubique puberula vel ad nervos breviter pilosula, costa
gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 17, gracilibus,
prominentibus, subarcuatis, angulo acuto adscendentibus, juxta
marginem conjunctis, nervulis paucis prominulis laxe reticulatis;
inflorescentia terminalis 2-5 cm. longe pedunculata, cymoso-pani-
culata, laxe multiflora, 5-9 cm. longa et fere aequilata, pedunculo
gracili dense ferrugineo-villosulo, ramis oppositis vel infimis verti-
cillatis, gracilibus, adscendentibus et saepe curvis, puberulis, floribus
sessilibus ad apices ramulorum glomeratis, bracteis triangularibus
acutis vel acuminatis 1-2 mm. longis persistentibus; hypanthium
obovoideum 0.5 mm. longum minute puberulum; calyx cupularis
0.5 mm. longus subtruncatus et remote obscureque denticulatus;
corolla 3.5 mm. longa extus sparse et minute puberula, tubo cylind-
rico superne vix dilatato fauce non barbato, lobis 4 oblongis obtusis
tubo paullo brevioribus. — Colombia: Tumaco, in 1841, Hinds
(Herb. Kew., type). Between Juntas and Popayan, Lehmann
B.T.695 (Y).

98 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Psychotria Holtonii, sp. nov. — Ramuli densissime breviterque
pilosi; stipulae deciduae, non visae; folia opposita, petiolo 1.5-2 cm.
longo gracili hispidulo; lamina elliptico-oblonga, c. 20 cm. longa et
7.5 cm. lata, anguste et subabrupte acuminata, basi acuta, crasse
papyracea, supra viridis glabra, nervis prominentibus, subtus palli-
dior, ad nervos sparse breviterque pilosula, costa gracili eleyata,
nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 16, angulo lato adscendentibus,
gracilibus, prominentibus, arcuatis, marginem attingentibus, nervulis
transversis prominentibus parallelis nervulis reticulatis connexis;
inflorescentia terminalis 3 cm. longe pedunculate, 5 cm. longa et
4.5 cm. lata, densissime multiflora, fere capitiformis, pedunculo
crasso hispidulo, ramulis primariis 5-7 mm. longis; bracteae ovatae
10-13 mm. Ipngae acutae vel acuminatae nervosae glabrae; flpres
congesti sessiles vel subsessiles; calyx 5-partitus, laciniis linearibus
5-7 mm. longis obtusis glabris nervosis; fructus subglobosus 4-5 mm.
longus glaber sulcatus. — Colombia: Las Minas, September 19, 1853,
/. F. Holton (Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard., type). Forest above Cascada
Chorron, Bolivar, 2,000-2,500 m., Pennell 4409 (Y).

The available material is somewhat imperfect and incomplete,
and unsatisfactory for study, but the species represented is, appar-
ently, a quite distinct one, with no very close relatives.

Psychotria horizontalis Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 44. 1788.
P. divaricata H. & B. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 191. 1819. P. glances-
cens HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 358. 1820.

Santa Marta, 450 m., H. H. Smith 893 (F, G, M, P). Near
Masinga, 300-450 m., H. H. Smith 393 (Y). Campo Alegre, 450 m.,
H. H. Smith 393 (Y). Chaca, 600 m., H. H. Smith 393 (Y). Don
Diego, H. H. Smith 2647 (F, W, M, Y). Turbaco, Goudot (K).
Without locality, Cuming (K); Linden 1389 (K). Salango, Sinclair
(K). Santa Marta, 900 m., Schlim 917 (K). Ocafia, 1,200 m., Schlim
671 (K). Also in Ecuador, the West Indies, Central America, and
Mexico.

A shrub 1-3 m. high, glabrous or nearly so; stipules ovate-
triangular, acute or obtuse, caducous, 3-8 mm. long; leaves short-
petiolate, elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate at the apex, acute
or obtuse at the base, bright grayish green when dry, glabrous or
nearly so; inflorescence terminal, pedunculate, small and rather
few-flowered, usually 5-rayed at the base, the branches puberulent,
the flowers mostly sessile, the bracts minute, caducous; calyx deeply
5-lobed, the lobes elongate, linear; corolla white, 3-4 mm. long,
glabrous; fruit red, glabrous, 4 mm. long.

Psychotria hylocharis, sp. nov. — Frutex 1.5 m. altus, ramulis
gracillimis olivaceis dense subadpresso-pilosis vel puberulis; stipulae
in vaginam adpresso-pilosulam 1.5 mm. longam persistentem
truncatam connatae, in setas 4 graciles 3-6 mm. longas erectas
desinentes; folia opposita, petiolo gracili 2-7 mm. longo pilosulo;
lamina membranacea, anguste elliptico-oblonga vel obovato-oblonga,

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 99

6-14.5 cm. longa, 2-4 cm. lata, longe angusteque acuminata, basin
versus angustata vel tantum acuta, supra yiridis, ad costam patenti-
pilosa, nervis prpminentibus, subtus pallidior, ad nervos breviter
pilosa, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 13,
gracilibus, prominentibus, angulo lato adscendentibus, leviter
arcuatis, juxta marginem conjunctis, nervulis transversis prominulis
subparallelis; inflorescentia terminalis 2-4 cm. longe pedunculata,
cymoso-paniculata, c. 4 cm. longa et lata, laxissime multiflora,
pedunculo gracillimo, ramis divaricatis vel adscendentibus pilosulis;
bracteae anguste lineares 2-7 mm. longae virides glabrae; flps
centralis cymulae sessilis, ceteris usque ad 2.5 mm. longe pedicellatis
vel subsessilibus; hypanthium 0.5 mm. longum puberulum vel gla-
bratum; calyx 0.5 mm. longus 5-dentatus, dentibus triangulari-
ovatis acutis; corolla alba tubuloso-infundibuliformis 3 mm. longa,
extus minutissime puberula, tubo superne vix dilatato, lobis ovalibus
obtusis tubo duplo brevioribus; antherae subexsertae; fructus
subglobosus 2.5 mm. diam. caeruleus crasse costatus. — Colombia:
Las Dantas to Puerto Canoa, on Rio Esmeralda, Dept. Bolivar, in
forest, alt. 400-800 m., February 27, 1918, Francis W. Pennell 4532
(Herb. N. Y. Bot. Card., type). Antizales, Bolivar, 1,700-2,000 m.,
in forest, Pennell 4442 (Y). Damp forest, Don Amo, 600 m., H. H.
Smith 2408 (Y).

This resembles somewhat P. hebeclada DC., but that species
differs in its dense thyrsiform inflorescence, copious pubescence,
and more developed calyx lobes.

Psychotria involucrata Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 45. 1788.

Villavicencio, 600 m., on moist forested slope, Pennell 1585 (G,
Y). Forests of Rio Timbiqui, 200 m., Lehmann 8981 (G, K, Y).
Widely distributed in tropical America.

A slender, nearly glabrous shrub; stipules short, green, persistent,
truncate, biaristate; leaves petiolate, ovate to elliptic, acuminate at
the apex, contracted and decurrent at the base, glabrous; inflores-
cence terminal, pedunculate, dense, few-flowered, rounded, the
flowers sessile or nearly so, the outer bracts narrow, longer than
the flowers; fruit globose, black, 4 mm. long.

Psychotria Killipii, sp. npv. — Frutex omnino glaber, ramulis
gracilibus subteretibus rimosis ochraceis, internodiis elongatis;
stipulae in vaginam 2-3 mm. longam persistentem laxam basi
incrassatam connatae, parte superiore tenui interdum decidua; folia
opposita, petiolo gracili 3-5 mm. longo; lamina coriacea, anguste
oblongo-lanceolata, 4.5-6 cm. longa 8-13 mm. lata, longe angusteque
acuminata, basi acuta, supra in sicco fuscp-viridis, subtus paullo
pallidior, costa nervisque utrinque obscuris vel obsoletis, nervis
lateralibus utroque latere 4-5, angulo acutissimo adscendentibus;
inflorescentia terminalis vel pseudo-axillaris, 2-5 cm. longe pedun-
culata, cymoso-paniculata, laxe pauciflora, 2-3.5 cm. longa et
aequilata, pedunculo gracili, ramulis gracilibus oppositis, cymulis

100 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

trifloris, pedicellis 1-4 mm. longis; bracteae triangulares vel subu-
latae 0.5-1.5 mm. longae; calyx fere 1 mm. longus 5-dentatus, dentibus
late triangularibus obtusis; corolla alba in alabastro 2 mm. longa,
lobis roseis; fructus niger globosus 4-5 mm. longus obtuse leviterque
costatus. — Colombia: In clearing, La Gallera, Micay Valley, Dept.
El Cauca, alt. 1,500-1,800 m., July 1, 1922, Ellsworth P. Killip 7892
(U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,140,630, type; duplicate in Y).

A relative of P. pendula (Jacq.) Urban and P. crassa Benth.,
this plant is easy of recognition because of the narrow elongate leaves.

Psychotria lassula, sp. nov. — Frutex c. 60 cm. altus omnino
glaber, ramulis crassis subteretibus lucidis rimosis ochraceis vel
brunneis, internodiis 1.5-4 cm. longis; stipulae in vaginam truncatam
induratam 2-3 mm. longam connatae, persistentes; folia opposita,
petiolo crasso 2-5 mm. longo; lamina coriacea, oblonga, 4-7.5 cm.
longa, 1-2.5 cm. lata, obtusa vel subacuta, basi acuta vel obtusa,
marginata, supra viridis, rhaphidibus minutis conspersa, nervis
occultis, subtus paullo pallidior, costa crassiuscula prominula, nervis
lateralibus utroque latere c. 4 obscuris, angulo acutissimo adscen-
dentibus; inflorescentia terminalis, cymoso-paniculata, 1-3 cm. longe
pedunculata, laxe multiflora, 2-5 cm. longa, 4-8 cm. lata, ramis
paucis, infimis verticillatis divaricatis vel recurvis crassiusculis,
cymulis paucifloris, pedicellis 1-4 mm. longis; bracteae triangulares
0.5-1 mm. longae acutae; fructus ruber globosus 4-5 mm. longus
leviter sulcatus, costis latis rotundatis. — Bolivia: Polo-Polo, near
Coroico, North Yungas, alt. 1,100 m., October-November, 1912,
OttoBuchtien 5767 (U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 1,177,869, type).— Colombia:
Buenaventura, El Valle, in coastal thickets, Killip 11759 (W, G, Y).
— Peru: Cerro de Campana, Spruce (K).

From P. pendula (Jacq.) Urban, of the Antilles, this is distin-
guished by its longer, relatively narrower, and chiefly obtuse (rather
than abruptly acuminate) leaves. From P. paramorum it differs
also in the few and obscure nerves of the leaves.

Psychotria lateriflora, sp. nov. — Frutex 2-metralis, ramulis
crassis glabris, internodiis brevibus; stipulae deciduae, 2-2.5 cm.
longae, ovatae, profunde laciniatae, virides, glabrae; folia opposita,
petiolo gracili 2-4 cm. longo glabro; lamina pbovata vel elliptico-
obovata, 14-17.5 cm. longa, 6-7.5 cm. lata, apice obtusa, brevissime
abrupteque acuminata, acumine obtuso, basi acuta, papyracea,
marginata, supra viridis, glabra, rhaphidibus minutis conspersa,
nervis manifestis sed non elevatis, subtus pallida, ad nervos sparse
puberula, costa valida prominente, nervis lateralibus utroque latere
c. 17, gracilibus, prominulis, angulo lato adscendentibus, leviter
arcuatis, in nervum distinctum collectivum prope marginem con-
junctis, nervulis obsoletis; inflorescentiae axillares, solitariae, 7-18
cm. longe pedunculatae, cymoso-umbellatae, trichotomae, pedunculo
gracili glabro, apice bracteis 2 ovatis 8-10 mm. longis viridibus

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 101

onusto, ramulis primariis 1-2.5 cm. longis adscendentibus glabris,
floribus sessilibus ad apices ramulorum dense congestis; bracteae
plerumque 4-7 mm. longae, ovatae vel oblongae, obtusae, virides,
glabrae; calyx 1-1.5 mm. longus 5-dentatus, dentibus triangularibus;
fructus ovalis 3-4 mm. longus profunde sulcatus, in sicco albidus,
costis acutiusculis. — Colombia: In forest above La Cumbre, Dept.
El Valle, Cordillera Occidental, alt. 1,800-2,200 m., May 14-19,
1922, Ellsworth P. Killip 5591 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,140,573,
type).

Although clearly a relative of P. macrophylla R. & P., this plant
is conspicuously distinct in its lacinitate stipules and umbelliform
inflorescence.

Probably conspecific is a rather unsatisfactory specimen from
Mount San Martin, near Charta, Santander, Killip & Smith 1920S
(W).

Psychotria limonensis Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 54: Beibl.
119: 43. 1916. Mapouria latifolia Rusby, Descr. N. Sp. S. Amer.
PI. 137. 1920.

Cacagualita, in damp forest, 450 m., H. H. Smith 1805 (F, W,
M, type collection of M. latifolia) ; in mountain forest, 750 m., H . H.
Smith 2405 (F, W, M, P). Also in Central America.

A nearly glabrous shrub or small tree; stipules ovate, acuminate,
large, caducous; leaves petiolate, elliptic-ovate, 6-12 cm. wide,
abruptly short-acuminate at the apex, abruptly contracted at the
base; inflorescence terminal, sessile, much branched, the flowers
mostly short-pedicellate, the bracts caducous; calyx minutely dentic-
ulate; corolla white, 5-6 mm. long, glabrous outside, the throat
barbate.

Psychotria longirostris (Rusby), comb. nov. Rudgea longi-
rostris Rusby, Descr. N. Sp. S. Amer. PI. 143. 1920.

Sierra del Libano, 1,800 m., in dense mountain forest, H. H.
Smith 1819 (Y, type; F, W, M, P, S). Region of Santa Marta,
H. H. Smith 1821 (Y). In dense woods, Pica-Pica Valley above
Tapata, Norte de Santander, 2,100-1,400 m., Killip & Smith 20273
(W, Y). Rio Surata Valley above Surata, Santander, 2,000-2,300 m.,
Killip & Smith 16589 (W, Y). Southern slope of Mount San Martin,
Santander, in dense woods, 2,300-2,500 m., Killip & Smith 19187
(W, Y), 19154 (W, Y). Charta, Santander, 2,000 m., Killip &
Smith 19020 (W). Loso, Norte de Santander, woods along stream,
2,200-2,400 m., Kittip & Smith 20427 (W, Y). La Gallera, Micay
Valley, Cauca, in forest, 1,400 m., Kittip 7748 (W, G, Y). Ocana,
1,800 m., Schlim 582 (K).

A shrub 2.5-4.5 m. high, said, perhaps incorrectly, to be some-
times scandent; stipules 2.5-3.5 mm. long, persistent, green, short-
connate, bidentate at the apex; leaves slender-petiolate, narrowly

102 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

elliptic-oblong or rarely elliptic-oblong, 7-12.5 cm. long, nar-
rowly long-acuminate, acute at the base, glabrous or sometimes
minutely pilosulous beneath along the costa; inflorescence terminal,
sessile or pedunculate, broadly paniculate, the flowers sessile; calyx
truncate and obsoletely denticulate; corolla white, 6 mm. long,
glabrous or minutely puberulent; fruit blue, 4 mm. long.

Psychotria longissima, sp. nov. — Frutex, ramulis crassis
subteretibus in sicco ochraceis glabris, internodiis plerumque
elongatis; stipulae deciduae, virides, elliptico-ovatae, 1-1.5 cm.
longae, acutae, glabrae; folia opposita, petiolo crasso 1.2-2.5 cm.
longo glabro; lamina elliptico-oblonga vel oboyato-oblonga, 15-24
cm. longa, 5-7 cm. lata, anguste acuminata, basin versus angustata,
papyracea, marginata, supra viridis glabra, nervis manifestis sed
non elevatis, subtus pallidior, glabra vel ad costam sparse puberula,
rhaphidibus saepe conspersa, costa yalida prominente, nervis
lateralibus utroque latere c. 14, gracillimis, prominulis, angulo acuto
adscendentibus, arcuatis, juxta marginem conjunctis; inflorescentia
axillaris, 10-18 cm. longe pedunculata, cymosp-paniculata, 3-7 cm.
longa et lata, laxa vel densa, multiflora, basi trichotoma, ramulis
brevibus vel elongatis oppositis validis divaricatis sparse puberulis
vel glabris; bracteae virides, ovatae vel lanceolatae, 6-10 mm.
longae, acutae, puberulae vel fere glabrae, persistentes; flores
conferti sessiles; calyx 2-3 mm. longus glaber vel puberulus profunde
5-lobus, lobis oblongis vel lanceolatis acutis; fructus ovalis 5-6 mm.
longus profunde sulcatus, costis acutis. — Colombia: In forest,
C6rdoba, Dept. El Valle, alt. 80-100 m., May 6-8, 1922, Ellsworth
P. Killip 5134 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,140,557, type; duplicates
in G and Y). Buenaventura, El Valle, in coastal thickets, Killip
11714 (W, Y); in dense wet forest, Lehmann B.T.1125 (K, Y).

The corolla is described in the collector's notes as "white" or
"pale greenish yellow," but there are no corollas on the specimens
examined. Psychotria longissima is an ally of P. macrophylla R. & P.,
differing in the form of the inflorescence, the long peduncles, and
the conspicuous large bracts.

Psychotria lupulina Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 230. 1841.

Isla Brava, Magdalena, Andre 272 (F, K, Y). Corazon, 3,200
m., Andrt K.I 130 (F, K, Y). San Martin de Loba, Bolivar, Curran
69 (W), 196 (W, G). Puerto Ocafia, Magdalena, Holton 408 (G, P,
Y). Ocana, Purdie (G). Puerto Wilches, Santander, 100 m., Killip
& Smith 14912 (W, Y). Greene", Rio Meta, Lehmann 8814 (K).
Also in Bolivia, Brazil, and the Guianas.

A shrub with glabrous branches; stipules short, green, persistent,
truncate, shortly biaristate; leaves subsessile, broadly ovate to
elliptic or obovate, acuminate, rounded to acute at the base, glabrous;
inflorescence terminal, pedunculate, cymose-capitate, the bracts large

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 103

and foliaceous; peduncles pubescent; calyx minutely 5-dentate;
corolla white, glabrous outside, 10 mm. long.

This species might be placed equally well in the genus Cephaelis.
Curran reports the vernacular name "buche de pava" for the plant.

Psychotria macrophylla R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 56. pi. 202, f. a.
1799. P. anomothyrsa Schum. & Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 35: 3.
1903. P. tolimensis Wernh. Kew Bull. 1914: 68. 1914. Hoffmannia
striata Rusby, Descr. N. Sp. S. Amer. PI. 134. 1920. P. albacostata
Rusby, op. cit. 138. 1920.

Inza, Cauca, 1,500-1,700 m., Lehmann 4932 (F, K). Sierra del
Libano, 1,650 m., H. H. Smith 2409 (Y, type of Hoffmannia striata).
Las Nubes, 1,350 m., H. H. Smith 1807 (Y). Las Nubes and Man-
zanares, 900-1,500 m., H. H. Smith 1806 (Y, type of P. albacostata;
F, W, M, P). Titiribi, Toro 563 (Y). Hills of Miraflores, above
Palmira, Cauca, 1,200-1,600 m., Pittier 887 (W, G). La Cumbre,
El Valle, 1,800-2,100 m., Pennell 5889 (G, W, Y). Cordoba, El
Valle, 80-100 m., Kittip 5264 (W, G, Y). La Virginia, Tolima,
1,200-1,500 m., Pennell 3256 (W, Y). Pinares, Caldas, 2,400-2,700
m., Pennell 9321 (W, G), 9390 (W). Cisneros, El Valle, 300-500
m., Killip 11465 (W, G). La Gallera, Micay Valley, Cauca, 1,400
m., Killip 7751 (W, G, Y). Eastern paramos of Guasca, 1921,
Ariste-Joseph (W). Rio Boquilla, Caldas, 1,600-1,900 m., Killip &
Hazen 8832 (W). Salento, Caldas, 2,100-2,500 m., Pennell 8874
(W). Tequendama, Cundinamarca, Ariste-Joseph 1070 (W). Las
Dantas to Puerto Canoa, Bolivar, 400-800 m., Pennell 4528 (Y).
Mediation, Quindio, Andre 2035 (Y). Angelopolis, Toro 926 (Y).
Sonson, Toro 1210 (Y). Without locality, Triana 1707 (K). Quindfo,
Andre 2035 (K). Type of P. tolimensis from Pitalito, Tolima,
Sprague 237. Ranging to Bolivia and southern Mexico.

Stems simple, suffrutescent, glabrous or nearly so; stipules short,
broad, apiculate, caducous; leaves petiolate, elliptic to lance-oblong,
acuminate, at base acute to attenuate, glabrous or pruinose-puberu-
lent beneath on the nerves; inflorescence axillary, pedunculate,
paniculate, the branches often reflexed, glabrous or minutely puberu-
lent, the flowers sessile, the bracts minute; calyx denticulate; corolla
whitish or yellowish, glabrous, 4-5 mm. long; fruit 4-5 mm. long,
glabrous, white.

In some of the specimens the fruit is described as red or orange,
but if these notes are correct, it is probable that the specimens
belong to a distinct species whose characters are not apparent in
the material at hand. Hoffmannia striata was based upon a form
with unusually narrow leaves.

Psychotria macropodantha, sp. nov. — Suffrutex simplex 30-60
cm. altus, caule valido tereti rimpso ochraceo glabro, internodiis
3-6.5 cm. longis; stipulae in vaginam 2 mm. longam connatae,

104 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

glabratae, persistentes, dorso costatae, costa in mucronem brevem
excurrente; folia opposita, petiolo gracili 3-10 mm. longo; lamina
elliptico-oblonga, 6.5-9.5 cm. longa, 2.5-3.5 cm. lata, breyiter
acuminata, acumine obtuso, basi acuta, marginata, supra viridis
glabra minute puncticulata, nervis fere obsoletis, subtus pallida,
statu juvenili sparse scaberula, mox glabrata, costa valida elevata,
nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 9, gracillimis, prominentibus,
angulo lato adscendentibus, arcuatis, prope marginem conjunctis,
neryulis obsoletis; inflorescentia axillaris, 1.5 cm. longe pedunculata,
capitata, 1.3 cm. diam., pedunculo gracili glabro; flores sessiles vel
brevissime pedicellati; bracteae oblongae, 3-5 mm. longae, virides,
glabrae; calyx persistens 1.5 mm. longus profunde 5-lobus, lobis
lanceolatis attenuatis; fructus subglobosus 4.5 mm. longus glaber
fere laevis. — Colombia: In dense forest, Rio Surata Valley, above
Surata, Dept. Santander, Eastern Cordillera, alt. 2,000-2,300 m.,
January 5-6, 1927, E. P. Killip & Albert C. Smith 16631 (U. S.
Nat. Herb. No. 1,352,355, type; duplicate in Y).

The color of the corolla is stated to be "yellow-green," but no
corollas are present in the specimens. Psychotria macropodantha is
an isolated species, probably related to P. macrophylla R. & P., but
well marked by the capitate inflorescence.

Psychotria marginata Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 43. 1788. P.
divaricata HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 362. 1820, non H. & B. 1819.

Rio Dagua, 400 m., Lehmann 4029 (W). Dagua, Buenaventura,
200-500 m., Lehmann 5115 (F, K). Without locality, Triana 1690
(K). Juntas, Lehmann B.T.693 (G, K, Y). Type of P. divaricata
from the Andes of Quindio, Bonpland. Widely distributed in tropical
America.

A nearly glabrous shrub; stipules large, brown, oblong to ovate,
entire, caducous; leaves short-petiolate, obovate-oblong to narrowly
elliptic-obovate, minutely puberulent beneath or glabrate, abruptly
acute or acuminate; inflorescence terminal, long-pedunculate, panic-
ulate, lax, the slender pedicels 2-5 mm. long; calyx teeth short,
obtuse; corolla yellowish white, 3 mm. long, glabrous outside; fruit
globose, 3-4 mm. long.

Psychotria megistophylla, sp. nov. — Ramuli crassi rimosi;
stipulae deciduae, ferrugineae, lanceolato-oblongae, 4-4.5 cm. longae,
longe acuminatae, erectae, glabrae vel sparse puberulae; folia fere
sessilia opposita, petiolo usque ad 13 mm. longo, interdum fere
nullo, crasso, puberulo; lamina crasse chartacea, cuneatim oblongo-
obovata, c. 40 cm. longa et 15-19 cm. lata, apice acuta vel saepissime
rotundata et breyiter apiculato-acuminata, interdum late emarginata
et apiculata, basin versus longe sensimque cuneato-attenuata, supra
fusco-viridis, glabra, nervis subimpressis, subtus in sicco ferruginea,
ubique vel tantum ad nervos minute denseque puberula, costa
gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 39, gracilibus,

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 105

elevatis, leviter arcuatis, angulo lato divergentibus, nervum collec-
tivum distinctum prope marginem efformantibus, nervulis obscuris;
inflorescentia terminalis c. 27 cm. longe pedunculata, cymoso-
corymbosa, 10-15 cm. longa, 8-12 cm. lata, laxe multiflora, axi
central! nulla, ramis basalibus verticillatis suberectis curvis minute
puberulis, floribus sparsis longe pedicellatis, pedicellis rectis 3-6
mm. longis, bracteis minutis deciduis; fructus ellipsoideus, 6-7 mm.
longus, basi acutiusculus, apice obtusus vel rotundatus, obtuse
costatus, glaber, pyrenis facie ventrali planis. — Colombia: Santa
Maria, Timbiqui, F. C. Lehmann 8631 (Herb. Kew., type).

The type material consists of five sheets, two of which show
fruiting panicles, the other specimens being sterile. The plant is
easily recognized among all the Colombian Psychotrias by its very
large leaves of distinctive form.

Psychotria melaneoides Wernh. Journ. Bot. 55: 338. 1917.

Type from Barbacoas, Triana 338.

A nearly glabrous shrub; stipules oblong, persistent, biaristate,
the aristae 3 mm. long; leaves petiolate, papyraceous-coriaceous,
ovate-elliptic, 9-15 cm. long, 4-7 cm. wide, acuminate at the apex,
sub truncate to obtuse at the base; inflorescence terminal, long-
pedunculate, thyrsiform, pyramidal, lax, the bracts minute, setaceous;
flowers sessile; calyx obtusely and broadly lobate; corolla tube 3
mm. long, the throat barbate, the lobes 1.5-2 mm. long, obtuse.

Psychotria micayensis, sp. nov. — Ramuli crassi obtuse tetra-
goni glabri, internodiis brevibus; stipulae maximae, deciduae,
rotundato-ovatae, 2-2.5 cm. longae, fere 2 cm. latae, acutae, glabrae,
viridescentes; folia opposita, petiolo crasso 3-3.5 cm. longo glabro;
lamina elliptico-oblonga vel obovato-oblonga, c. 26 cm. longa et 9
cm. lata, acuminata, basin versus longe angustata, herbacea, supra
viridis glabra, nervis prominulis, subtus pallida, ad nervos sparse
puberula, costa crassa, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 16,
gracillimis, prominulis, angulo lato adscendentibus, leviter arcuatis,
juxta marginem conjunctis, nervulis obsoletis; inflorescentiae axil-
lares 5 mm. longe pedunculatae, cymoso-paniculatae, c. 4.5 cm.
longae et latae, dense multiflorae, ramis adscendentibus curvis
validis fere glabris, floribus sessilibus dense confertis; bracteae
ovatae vel oblongae, plerumque 3-5 mm. longae, obtusae, puberulae
vel glabratae, virides; calyx 1-1.5 mm. longus villosulus 5-dentatus,
dentibus oblongo-triangularibus obtusis vel acutis; fructus ovalis
albus glaber 5 mm. longus profunde sulcatus. — Colombia: In forest,
La Gallera, Micay Valley, Dept. El Cauca, alt. 1,400-1,500 m.,
June 29-30, 1922, Ellsworth P. Killip 7760 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No.
1,140,625, type).

This is another relative of P. macrophylla R. & P., differing
from that species in its greatly enlarged stipules and nearly sessile
inflorescence.

106 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Psychotria munda, sp. nov. — Ramuli gracillimi teretes glabri
virides, internodiis 1-3 cm. longis; stipulae persistentes glabrae, in
vaginam truncatam 1 mm. longam cpnnatae, vagina in lacinias 4
subulatas erectas 0.6-1 mm. longas desinente; folia breviter petiolata
opposita, petiolo gracili 3-6 mm. longo glabro; lamina firme mem-
branacea, anguste lanceolato-oblpnga, 4.5-8 cm. longa, 0.8-1.5 cm.
lata, longissime et anguste acuminata, acumine acuto, basin versus
sensim angustata, glabra, supra luteo-yiridis, nervis non elevatis,
subtus pallidior, sublucida, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere c. 15, gracilibus, prpminulis, arcuatis, angulp lato
adscendentibus, juxta marginem conjunctis, nervulis prominulis laxe
reticulatis; inflorescentia terminalis 8-12 mm. longe pedunculata,
cymoso-paniculata, laxe pauciflpra, 1.5-2 cm. longa et aequilata,
pedunculo gracili erecto minutissime puberulo, ramis paucis brevibus,
basalibus oppositis minutissime puberulis, floribus sparsis sessilibus
vel 1-2 mm. longe pedicellatis, bracteis persistentibus inconspicuis
usque ad 1 mm. longis; hypanthium glabrum obovpideum 0.8 mm.
longum ; calyx glaber 0.5 mm. longus 4-dentatus, dentibus triangulari-
bus acutis; corolla extus glabra vel minutissime puberula, in alabastro
2.5 mm. longa, tubo gracili tereti, fauce non barbata, lobis 4 oblongis
acutiusculis tubo duplo brevioribus; antherae inclusae lineari-
oblongae. — Colombia: Santa Marta, "Hort. Saunders," No. 4259
(Herb. Kew., type).

Psychotria ochroleuca, sp. nov.— Frutex humilis, ramulis
gracillimis subteretibus dense puberulis, vetustioribus ochraceis,
internodiis elongatis; stipulae in vaginam 3-3.5 mm. longam persis-
tentem truncatam puberulam connatae, vagina in lobos 4 remotos
lineari-attenuatos 3 mm. longos ciliatos desinente; folia opposita,
petiolo gracili 7-12 mm. longo puberulo vel pilosulo; lamina anguste
elliptico-oblonga, 6.5-10 cm. longa, 2-3.5 cm. lata, subabrupte et
longiuscule acuminata, acumine angusto acuto, basi acuta vel longe
angustata, crasse papyracea, marginata, supra viridis, ad nervos vel
tantum ad costam pilosula, subtus pallidior, ad nervos pilosula, ad
costam longius pilosa, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque
latere c. 14, angulo acuto vel latp adscendentibus, gracilibus, prp-
minentibus, leviter arcuatis, marginem attingentibus; inflorescentia
terminalis, sessilis, cymoso-paniculata, 3-7 cm. longa et lata, e basi
trichptoma, dense multiflpra, ramis primariis suberectis, ceteris
divaricatis, dense puberulis; bracteae lineari-attenuatae 3-9 mm.
longae puberulae saepius virides; flores vulgo 1-2 mm. longe pedicel-
lati vel subsessiles; hypanthium late turbinatum dense puberulum
1 mm. longum; calyx 5-partitus 1-1.5 mm. longus puberulus, lobis
triangulari-ovatis acutis inaequalibus viridibus; corolla ochroleuca
tubuloso-infundibuliformis 4.5 mm. longa, extus dense minuteque
puberula, tubo superne paullo sensimque dilatato, lobis latis obtusis
apice breviter cucullatis; fructus immaturus 4 mm. longus ellipsoideus
sparse puberulus costatus. — Colombia: Near Rio Flautas, Rio Paez
Valley, Cauca, alt. 2,700 m., January 26, 1906, H. Pittier 1221
(U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 531,415, type).

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA , 107

This species is characterized by the copious pubescence, many-
flowered inflorescence with divaricate branching, and deeply lobed
calyx with well-developed green lobes.

Psychotria oleifolia (HBK.), comb. nov. Coffea oleifolia HBK.
Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 372. 1820.

Type from Bogota, Mutis.

Branches glabrous; stipules connate, truncate; leaves petiolate,
oblong, subacuminate, cuneately narrowed at the base, reticulate-
veined, coriaceous, glabrous, shining above, yellowish beneath, 3.5
cm. long and 2 cm. wide; corymbs terminal, pedunculate, tricho-
tomous, glabrous; bracts minute; flowers solitary, sessile; calyx
irregularly incised; corolla glabrous, the 4 lobes oblong, acutish, the
throat villous.

Psychotria paramorum, sp. nov. — Frutex omnino glaber,
ramulis crassis teretibus lucidis fusco-brunneis, vetustioribus rimosis;
stipulae in vaginam intrapetiolarem 4-5 mm. longam connatae,
parte superiore membranacea et saepe decidua; folia opposita, petiolo
crasso 3-4 mm. longo supra late sulcato; lamina crasse coriacea,
ovata, elliptico-ovata vel ovato-oblonga, 3.5-6 cm. longa, 1.5-2.5
cm. lata, acuminata, basi obtusa, subacuta vel fere rotundata,
marginata, sublucida, fere concolor, in sicco fusca, costa nervisque
supra manifestis, costa subtus eleyata gracili, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere c. 8, gracilibus, prominentibus, angulo acuto adscen-
dentibus, arcuatis, marginem attingentibus, nervulis paucis, inter-
dum prominulis; inflorescentia terminalis vel pseudo-axillaris, 1-3
cm. longe pedunculata, late paniculata, laxe multiflpra, 2-3 cm.
longa, 3.5-5.5 cm. lata, basi trichotoma, ramulis divaricatis validis;
cymulae saepe umbelliformes pauciflorae pedunculatae, pedicellis
crassis 1-2 mm. longis; bracteae plerumque triangulares et c. 1 mm.
longae, infimis interdum subulatis et 4 mm. longis; hypanthium
semiglobosum 1-1.5 mm. longum glabrum; calyx 0.5 mm. longus
5-dentatus, dentibus triangularibus acutis; corolla alba, hypocrateri-
formis, 5 mm. longa, extus glabra, lobis late oblongis obtusis tubo
paullo brevioribus; fructus subglobosus ruber 5 mm. longus obscure
costatus, costis rotundatis. — Colombia: In shrub zone below
Paramo de Chaquiro, Cordillera Occidental, Dept. Bolivar, alt.
2,800-3,100 m., February 24, 1918, Francis W. Pennell 4342 (Herb.
N. Y. Bot. Card., type). Cascada Chorron, south of Antizales,
Bolivar, Pennell 4388 (Y).

Evidently a close ally of P. pendula (Jacq.) Urban, of the West
Indies, but differing in the conspicuously nerved leaves; distinct
from P. crassa Benth. in the small calyx lobes and inconspicuous
bracts.

Psychotria patens Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 45. 1788. P.
flexuosa Willd. Sp. PI. 1: 966. 1798. Uragoga patens Kuntze, Rev.

108 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Gen. 2: 962. 1891. Palicourea patens Urban, Repert. Sp. Nov. 18:
197. 1922.

San Andre's de la Sierra, Magdalena, 1,100-1,300 m., Pittier 1677
(W). Widely distributed in tropical America.

A slender glabrous shrub, usually about 1 m. high; stipules
persistent, short, green, biaristate; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate
or lance-oblong, long-acuminate, obtuse to acute at the base, stiff;
inflorescence terminal, pedunculate, paniculate, the very slender
branches reflexed; calyx lobes triangular; corolla glabrous outside,
7 mm. long; fruit white or pale blue.

Psychotria pinularis Sesse* & Moc. Fl. Mex. ed. 2. 57. 1894.

Santa Marta, 75 m., H. H. Smith 1804 (F, W, G, M, P, Y).
Rio Frio, between Ci&iaga de Santa Marta and the foothills, Pittier
1596 (W, G). Barranquilla, Bro. Paul C36 (W). Rio Frio, Santa
Marta, Walker 1268 (W). Torrecilla, near Turbaco, 150-300 m.,
Kittip & Smith 14245 (W, Y), 14862 (W, Y), 14673 (W, Y). La
Paila, Cauca, Holton 428 (P, Y). Santa Marta, Schlim 931 (K);
Goudot (K). Magdalena, Goudot (K). Also in Ecuador, the Guianas,
Central America, Mexico, and the West Indies.

A nearly glabrous shrub, usually 1-2 m. high; stipules short,
connate, acute, green persistent; leaves slender-petiolate, thin, acute
or acuminate, acute or attenuate at the base; inflorescence pedun-
culate, terminal, cymose-corymbose, the branches often puberulent;
calyx truncate; corolla white, up to 1 cm. long, glabrous outside.

Some of the Colombian material has been distributed as P.
horizontalis Sw.

Psychotria pisonioides, sp. npv. — Frutex, ramulis validis
subteretibus, novellis tenuiter ferrugineo-tomentosis, vetustioribus
griseis rugulosis, internodiis brevibus; stipulae caducae, oblongae,
11-15 mm. longae, tenues, brunnescentes, glabrae; folia opposita,
petiolo 3-5 mm. longo supra sulcato puberulo vel glabrato; lamina
elliptico-oblonga vel oblonga, 3-6.5 cm. longa, 1.5-3.5 cm. lata,
longe caudato-acuminata, acumine obtuso, basi acuta, papyracea,
supra fusca, glabra, nervis non elevatis, subtus fusco-brunnescens,
primo ad nervos sparse puberula, cito glabrata, costa gracili elevata,
nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 8, angulo acuto adscendentibus,
arcuatis, prominentibus, prope marginem conjunctis, nervulis obso-
letis; inflorescentia terminalis, cymoso-corymbosa, 2.5-3.5 cm. longe
pedunculata, dense multiflora, 1.5-2 cm. longa et lata, basi tri-
chotoma, ramis ferrugineo-tomentulosis, floribus aggregatis sessi-
libus; bracteae lineares vel subulatae, 3-5 mm. longae; calyx 3-3.5
mm. longus, tubuloso-campanulatus, glaber, ad medium vel pro-
fundius 5-lobus, laciniis lanceolatis longiattenuatis erectis; corolla
alba infundibuliformis extus glabra, tubo 7 mm. longo, superne
paullo ampliato, ore 2.5 mm. lato, lobis triangularibus obtusis 2
mm. longis. — Colombia: In forest, Pinares, above Salento, Dept.
Caldas, alt. 2,600-2,900 m., August 2-10, 1922, Francis W. Pennell

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 109

9204 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,140,679, type). Quindio, La Trocha,
Goudot (K).

This Psychotria may be recognized by its small caudate-acuminate
leaves, and by the large, deeply lobed calyx.

Psychotria Pittieri Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 132.
1916.

Cupica, Seemann 1021 (K). Also in Central America.

A slender, densely branched shrub; stipules 4-6 mm. long,
persistent, green, the lobes linear-subulate; leaves short-petiolate,
elliptic, 4-5.5 cm. long, abruptly acuminate, obtuse or acute at the
base, hirsutulous above along the costa, appressed-pilosulous
beneath; inflorescence terminal, sessile, few-flowered; calyx lobes
rounded-ovate, obtuse; corolla white, 4-5 mm. long, appressed-
pubescent; fruit blue.

Psychotria podocephala (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Mapouria
podocephala Muell. Arg. Flora 59: 460, 466. 1876.

Type from the region of San Carlos on the Rio Negro, Spruce
3076, 8682.

Glabrous; stipules oblong-ovate, acute, connate, 5-6 mm. long;
leaves petiolate, spatulate-obovate, 18-23 cm. long, cuspidate;
flowers capitate, arranged in a terminal short-pedunculate head
14-16 mm. in diameter; calyx lobes 4-5, broadly ovate, obtuse;
corolla 7 mm. long, barbate in the throat; fruit 13 mm. long.

Psychotria psychotriaefolia (Seem.) Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 18: 133. 1916. Cephaelis psychotriaefolia Seem. Bot. Voy.
Herald 138. 1852-57.

Without locality, Lehmann 9043 (K, Y). Poponte, Allen 886
(K). Also in Panama.

A shrub, the young branches ferruginous-tomentose; stipules
thin, brown, 1.5-2 cm. long, attenuate, caducous; leaves short-
petiolate, obovate to oblong-oblanceolate, acute or short-acuminate,
attenuate to the base, puberulent beneath, at least on the nerves;
inflorescences axillary and terminal, sessile, dense, the branches 2
cm. long or less, each with several glomerules of sessile flowers,
ferruginous-tomentose; calyx dentate; corolla 3 mm. long; fruit red,
4-5 mm. long, glabrous.

Psychotria rhodoleuca Muell. Arg. Flora 59: 541, 545. 1876;
in Mart. Fl. Bras. 65: 314. pi. 49, f. 1. 1881.

Type from San Carlos on the Rio Negro, Spruce 3674-
A glabrous shrub; stipules short-sheathing, bisetose on each side;
leaves nearly sessile, elliptic-lanceolate, 10-15 cm. long, cuspidate-
acuminate; inflorescence terminal, short-pedunculate, paniculate,
compact, the bracts foliaceous, linear-spatulate, ciliolate; calyx
5-denticulate; corolla red; flowers 13-16 mm. long; fruits 3 mm. long.

110 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VII

Psychotria rondeletioides, sp. nov. — Ramuli rigidi graciles
teretes virides glabri, internodiis 5-6.5 cm. longis; stipulae (perfectae
non visae) persistentes, 5-6 mm. longae, basi incrassatae, ut videtur
apice mucronatae, glabrae; folia breviter petiolata opppsita, petiolo
crasso 5 mm. longo glabro; lamina coriacea, late elliptica vel ovali-
elliptica, 7-10.5 cm. longa, 4-6 cm. lata, apice abrupte acuta, acumine
acuto, basi obtusa, late rotundata vel subtruncata, utrinque glabra,
luteo-viridis, concolor, neryis supra conspicuis sed vix elevatis, costa
subtus elevata gracili, nervis lateralibus utroque latere 7-9, gracilibus,
elevatis, subarcuatis, angulo lato divergentibus, prope marginem
conjunctis, nervulis prominentibus et arete reticulatis; inflorescentia
terminalis 5 cm. longe pedunculata cymoso-paniculata, 5 cm. longa
et aequilata, pedunculo gracili erecto fere glabro, ramis verticillatis
gracilibus adscendentibus minutissime puberulis, floribus ad apices
ramulorum plerumque ternis sessilibus vel 1-2 mm. longe pedicellatis,
bracteis minutissimis vel obsoletis; hypanthium turbinatum 1-1.5
mm. longum minute puberulum; calyx 0.5 mm. longus minute
4-denticulatus, dentibus acutis; corolla extus minutissime puberula,
tubo crasso 3.5 mm. longo superne paullo ampliatp, lobis 4 ovalibus
obtusis 2 mm. longis. — Colombia: Without definite locality, Funck
& Schlim (Herb. Kew., type).

The material available is very scant, and there is some doubt
regarding the proper generic disposition of the plant. If really a
Psychotria, as seems probable, it is a well-marked species, easily
recognized by its broad, yellow-green, nearly sessile leaves.

Psychotria rufescens H. & B. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 192.
1819. P. micrantha HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 363. pi. 284. 1820.
Mapouria micrantha Wernh. Kew Bull. 1914: 69. 1914.

Type from Rio Magdalena, Humboldt and Bonpland. La Manue-
lita, Palmira, El Valle, 1,100 m., Pennell & Killip 6161 (W). Rio
Agua Bonita to Rio Vieja, east of Zarzal, El Valle, 1,100-1,300 m.,
Pennell, Killip & Hazen 8580 (W, G, Y). Cuchilla, east of Zarzal,
El Valle, 1,200-1,600 m., Pennell, Killip & Hazen 8524 (W). With-
out locality, Lehmann 668 (W). Between Narino and El Tambor,
Santander, 150-300 m., Killip & Smith 14961 (W). Santa Marta,
600 m., H. H. Smith 317 (F, W, G, P). Rio Orejas, Cauca, 1,000-
1,400 m., Lehmann 7933 (F, W). Without locality, Andre 2925 (K).
Also in Ecuador and Central America.

A shrub or small tree, the branches rufous-hirsute; stipules large,
caducous, brown, bidentate at the apex; leaves petiolate, oblong,
oblong-elliptic, or lance-oblong, acuminate at the apex, acute or
attenuate at the base, softly pubescent, especially beneath ; inflores-
cence terminal, pedunculate, pubescent, open-paniculate, radiately
branched; calyx lobes short, broad, obtuse; corolla white or greenish
yellow, pubescent, 3 mm. long; fruit pubescent, 4 mm. long.

Psychotria rufiramea, sp. nov. — Arbor parva, ramulis crassis
subteretibus ferrugineo-puberulis vel glabratis, internodiis elongatis ;

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 111

stipulae caducae, late ovatae, 1 cm. longae, breviter connatae,
obtusae vel subtruncatae, rarius acutae, ferrugineo-puberulae; folia
opposita, petiolo valido 0.5-1.5 cm. longo puberulo; lamina subcori-
acea, obovata vel obovato-oblonga, 11-29 cm. longa, 5-12 cm. lata,
apice obtusa vel rotundata et abrupte breviterque acuminata,
acumine triangulari obtuso, basin versus sensim vel abrupte longeque
angustata, decurrens, supra fusco-viridis, glabra, nervis non elevatis,
subtus paullo pallidior, brunnescens, vulgo ubique sed praesertim
ad nervos minute ferrugineo-puberula, costa valida elevata, nervis
lateralibus utroque latere c. 16, gracilibus, angulo acuto vel lato
adscendentibus, prominentibus, arcuatis, prope marginem conjunctis,
nervulis irregularibus prominulis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia
terminalis vel pseudo-axillaris, 5-10 cm. longe pedunculata, late
cymoso-paniculata, 3-10 cm. longa, 5-18 cm. lata, basi interdum
foliis parvis bracteata, pedunculo crasso, ramis primariis validis,
inferioribus verticillatis, superioribus oppositis divaricatis vel etiam
subreflexis, dense ferrugineo-puberulis, floribus sessilibus ad apices
ramulorum dense capitato-congestis; bracteae ovatae vel lanceolatae,
2-8 mm. longae, ferrugineo-tomentellae, persistentes; h^anthium
1 mm. longum tomentellum; calyx 1 mm. longus 5-dentatus, ferru-
gineo-tomentellus vel glabratus, dentibus latis obtusis brevibus;
corolla alba, tubuloso-infundibuliformis, 4-6 mm. longa, extus
glabra, tubo crasso superne paullo dilatato, lobis obtusis tubo triple
brevioribus; fructus subglobosus 5-6 mm. longus glabratus leviter
costatus. — Colombia: In forest above La Cumbre, Cordillera
Occidental, Dept. El Valle, 1,800-2,200 m., May 14-19, 1922,
Ellsworth P. Killip 5582 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,140,571, type;
duplicates in G and Y); alt. 1,550-1,700 m., Pennell 5026 (W, G, Y).
Forest above Salento, Caldas, 2,000-2,500 m., Pennell 8919 (W).
Las Vegas, Santander, in dense woods along stream, 2,600-3,000
m., Killip & Smith 16056 (W, Y).

The outstanding characters of this species are the large leaves
and abundant rusty pubescence.

Psychotria rugulosa HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 356. 1820.

East slopes of central Andes of Popayan, 1,800-2,200 m., Lehmann
7932 (F, K). Dolores, Tolima, 1,000-1,500 m., Lehmann 6360 (F, K,
W). Anganche and La Teta, highlands of Popayan, 1,000-1,400
m., Lehmann 5168 (F, K). Also in Ecuador, and in Peru(?).

A shrub, the branches glabrous; stipules oblong, acuminate, thin,
brown, caducous; leaves petiolate, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,
very long-acuminate, long-attenuate to the base, finely puberulent
beneath along the nerves, the nerves impressed above; inflorescence
terminal, pedunculate, cymose-paniculate, rather dense, many-
flowered, the branches glabrous or nearly so; bracts linear, deciduous;
flowers sessile; calyx dentate, ciliolate; corolla glabrous outside, 5
mm. long, the lobes acutish, equaling the tube; fruit globose, gla-
brous, red, 4 mm. long.

112 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

The original locality of the species is given doubtfully as Peru,
but no Peruvian specimens have been seen by the writer.

Psychotria salentana, sp. noy. — Arbor parva, ramulis crassis
subteretibus glabris in sicco fuscis, internodiis 2.5-4 cm. longis;
stipulae caducae oblongo-ovatae, acutae, fere liberae, 2.5 cm. longae,
tenues, ferrugineae, glabrae; folia opposita, petiolo crasso 1.5-3 cm.
longo supra sulcato glabro; lamina obovata vel oblongp-obovata,
19-30 cm. longa, 7.5-13 cm. lata, crasse papyracea, apice obtusa
vel fere rotundata et breviter cuspidato-acuminata, acumine anguste
triangulari 1-1.5 cm. longo attenuate, basin versus longe angustata,
glabra, supra obscure viridis, nervis non elevatis, subtus paullo
pallidior, brunnescens, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere c. 17, angulo acuto adscendentibus, gracilibus,
prominentibus, fere rectis, prope marginem conjunctis; inflorescentia
terminalis, 4-7.5 cm. longe pedunculata, late cymoso-paniculata,
7-12 cm. longa, 8-13 cm. lata, multiflora, remote ramosa, ramis
primariis verticillatis adscendentibus vel divaricatis interdum
subreflexis validis glabris, cymulis capituliformibus dense pauci-
floris, floribus sessilibus; bracteae deciduae, ovatae vel lanceolatae,
acutae, remote ciliolatae; hypanthium late turbinatum 1 mm.
longum glabrum; calyx 1-1.5 mm. longus glaber truncatus vel
remote undulato-dentatus; corolla alba, hypocrateriformis, 4.5 mm.
longa, extus glabra, tubo crasso fauce dense albo-barbato, lobis late
oblongis obtusis apice minute cucullatis tubo longioribus; fructus
subglobosus 4.5-5 cm. longus glaber obtuse leviterque costatus. —
Colombia: In forest, Rio Boquilla, west of Salento, Cordillera
Occidental, Dept. Caldas, alt. 1,600-1,900 m., July 27, 1922, Ellsworth
P. Killip and Tracy E. Hazen 8793 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,140,657,
type; duplicate in G). Rio Santa Rita, Salento, in dense forest,
1,600-1,800 m., Killip & Hazen 9011* (W).

The species is related to P. grandis Sw., but has very different
stipules.

Psychotria salicifolia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 356. 1820.

Type locality given doubtfully as "New Granada" (Colombia).
Western Andes of Popayan, 1,500-1,800 m., Lehmann 5907 (F).
Highlands of Popayan, 1,600-1,900 m., Lehmann B.T .393 (F).

A shrub 2 m. high, glabrous or nearly so; stipules oblong, acute,
brown, caducous; leaves petiolate, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,
mostly 5-8 cm. long, long-acuminate, long-attenuate to the base,
glabrous; inflorescence terminal, pedunculate, cymose-paniculate,
small, open, radiately branched at base, the bracts caducous; flowers
short-pedicellate; calyx shallowly dentate; corolla 4 mm. long,
glabrous outside, the lobes longer than the tube, the throat naked;
fruit globose, glabrous.

Psychotria sanmartensis Rusby, Descr. N. Sp. S. Amer. PI.
139. 1920. P. indulgens Rusby, 1. c.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 113

Las Partidas, 1,050 m., H. H. Smith 1829 (Y, type; F, M, W, P).
Valparaiso, 1,350 m., H. H. Smith 1828 (Y, type of P. indulgens;
F, W, M, P, S). Las Vegas, Santander, in woods, 2,600-3,000 m.,
Kittip & Smith 15967 (W, Y), 15984 (W, Y).

A glabrous tree 7-10 m. high; stipules short, sheathing, the
margin deciduous; leaves short-petiolate, coriaceous, elliptic-ovate
to elliptic-oblong, acuminate at the apex, acute or acuminate at
the base, shining; inflorescence terminal, pedunculate, dense, many-
flowered, cymose-corymbose, repeatedly dichotomous, as broad as
long; central flower of each 3-flowered cymule sessile, the lateral
ones pedicellate; calyx obscurely dentate; corolla white, glabrous,
6-7 mm. long, the lobes shorter than the tube; fruit 5-6 mm. long,
subglobose, white.

The types of P. sanmartensis and P. indulgens are so very much
alike that it is difficult to guess why they should have been considered
to represent distinct species.

Psychotria santae-rosae, sp. nqv. — Frutex 3.5 m. altus,
ramulis gracilibus pilis fulvis patentibus dense setoso-hirsutis;
stipulae lanceolato-oblongae, persistentes, 1.5-2 cm. longae, breviter
connatae, hispidae, ad medium bifidae, lobis angustis longiattenuatis,
late pallideque marginatae, ciliatae; folia opposita, petiolo gracili
1-4.5 cm. longo hirsute; lamina papyracea elliptica vel elliptico-
oblonga, 14.5-26 cm. longa, 6.5-11.5 cm. lata, caudato-acuminata,
acumine angusto attenuate, basi acuta vel subobtusa, utrinque
pilis longis setoso-hirsuta, supra viridis, nervis prominulis, subtus
fusca, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere 16-20,
gracilibus, prominentibus, angulo lato vel angusto adscendentibus,
gracilibus, arcuatis, prope marginem conjunctis, nervulis transversis
prominulis subparallelis; inflorescentia terminalis vel pseudo-axillaris,
6-14 cm. longe pedunculata, paniculata vel thyrsoidea, 4-9.5 cm.
longa, 2-5 cm. lata, densissime multiflora, pedunculo gracili dense
hispido, ramis primariis c. 1.5 cm. longis verticillatis crassis rectis
divaricatis hispidis, floribus ad apices ramorum primariorum dense
capitato-congestis; bracteae ovato-oblongae vel lanceolatae, 3-10
mm. longae, obtusae vel acutae, hispidulae; calyx 2 mm. longus
5-lobus, lobis lineari-lanceolatis attenuatis hispidulis; fructus subglo-
bosus 2,5-3 mm. longus breviter hispidus vel glabratus, leviter
costatus, calyce persistente coronatus. — Colombia: In forest, Santa
Rosa, Dagua Valley, Dept. El Valle, alt. 200-300 m., September
22, 1922, Ellsworth P. Killip 11580 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,140,714,
type).

Related to P. daguensis Standl., but differing in the very large
leaves, copious long pubescence, and ample inflorescence.

Psychotria Schlimii, sp. nov. — Frutex, ramulis gracilibus
teretibus glabris, internodiis 1-3 cm. longis; stipulae persistentes
in vaginam truncatam glabram 1 mm. longam connatae, vagina in

114 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

lacinias 4 subulatas 1-2 mm. longas erectas glabras remotas desinente;
folia petiolata opposita, petiolo gracili 5-9 mm. longo glabro; lamina
rigide membranacea, anguste lanceolato-oblonga, 4-8.5 cm. longa,
1-2 cm. lata, longissime et angustissime acuminata, acumine apice
anguste attenuate, basin versus longe sensimque angustata, supra
luteq-viridis, ad costam prominentem sparse pilosula, aliter glabra,
nervis vix prominulis, subtus paullo pallidior, ad nervos minute
pilosula, aliter glabra, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere c. 11, gracillimis, prominulis, arcuatis, angulo lato
adscendentibus, in marginem desinentibus, nervulis obscuris;
inflorescentia terminalis vel pseudo-axillaris, sessilis, cymoso-pani-
culata, interdum racemose ramosa, e basi pauciramosa, folia vix
aequans, ramis gracilibus rectis rigidis glabris, floribus ad apices
ramorum capitato-congestis sessilibus, bracteis lineari-subulatis
plerumque 2-3 mm. longis; hypanthium 1 mm. longum glabrum;
calyx glaber 1-1.2 mm. longus breviter dentatus, dentibus ovatis
acutis; corolla alba, tubo gracili cylindrico 10 mm. longo extus
glabro fauce non barbato, lobis 5 oblongis patentibus obtusis 3
mm. longis intus minutissime papillosis; antherae exsertae oblongae
1.5 mm. longae. — Colombia: Province of Ocaiia, alt. 1,800 m.,
May, 1846-52, L. Schlim 695 (Herb. Kew., type).

An isolated species of uncertain affinities, perhaps not properly
referable to Psychotria.

Psychotria sinuensis, sp. nov. — Frutex, ramulis subteretibus
gracilibus fusco-ferrugineis sparse ferrugineo-villusulis, internodiis
elongatis; stipulae caducae, subliberae, ovato-lanceolatae, 2 cm.
longae, acuminato-attenuatae, tenues, ferrugineae, glabratae; folia
opposita, petiolo crasso c. 1 cm. longo puberulo; lamina elliptica,
crasse papyracea, marginata, 16-23 cm. longa, 8-11.5 cm. lata,
acuta vel obtusa et brevissime protracta, basi acuta vel abrupte
contracta et longe decurrens, supra glabra, nervis non elevatis,
subtus statu juvenili saltern ad nervos minute ferrugineo-puberula,
mox glabrata, costa crassa elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere
c. 17, angulo lato adscendentibus, gracilibus, prominentibus,
arcuatis, prope marginem in nervum collectivum conjunctis, nervulis
obscuris; inflorescentia pseudo-axillaris, sessilis, e basi ramosa,
ramis primariis 5-10 mm. longis crassis puberulis apice umbellato-
ramosis, floribus capitatis sessilibus, capitulis densissime multifloris
breviter pedicellatis 6-8 mm. latis; bracteae latae, capitula involu-
crantes, c. 4 mm. longae, acutae vel acuminatae, acute irregulari-
terque lobatae, ferrugineae, glabratae, bracteis interioribus angustis;
hypanthium turbinatum 1 mm. longum glabrum; calyx 1.2 mm.
latus. — Colombia: In forest, Boca Verde on Rio Sinu, Dept. Bolivar,
alt. 100-400 m., March 4, 1918, Francis W. Pennell 4572 (Herb.
N. Y. Bot. Gard., type).

The type material is only in bud. The species is marked by the
peculiar inflorescence.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 115

Psychotria spiciflora, nom. nov. P. spicata Muell. Arg. Flora
59: 550. 1876, non Benth. 1841.

Collected near San Carlos on the Rio Negro, Spruce 3089. Also
in Brazil.

Glabrous; stipules bifid, 2 mm. long, the lobes ovate, subacute;
leaves petiolate, lance-obovate, 10-20 cm. long, cuspidate, cuneate
at the base; inflorescence terminal, nearly sessile, spicate, dense, 2
cm. long; calyx obsoletely 5-denticulate; corolla red, 1.5-1.7 mm.
long, the lobes equaling the tube.

Psychotria Spruceana (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Mapouria
Spruceana Muell. Arg. Flora 59: 496. 1876.

Type collected on the Rio Negro above the mouth of the Rio
Casiquiari, Spruce 8843.

Branchlets glabrous; stipules connate into a short truncate
sheath; leaves short-petiolate, lance-elliptic, 8-12 cm. long, cuspidate,
acute at the base, coriaceous; inflorescence terminal, pedunculate,
corymbiform, 2 cm. long and 3-3.5 cm. wide, the flowers sessile or
the ultimate ones pedicellate; calyx truncate and obtusely 5-dentate;
corolla 5-7 mm. long, pulverulent-tomentulose, the lobes half as
long as the tube; fruit ellipsoid, 6 mm. long.

Psychotria tatamana, sp. nov. — Frutex ut videtur dense
ramosus, ramulis validis teretibus ferrugineis, novellis dense ferru-
gineo-villosulis, internodiis brevibus; stipulae 5-6 mm. longae, fere
liberae, caducae, ovato-triangulares, subulato-acuminatae, tenues,
ferrugineae, puberulae vel glabratae; folia opposita, petiolo 3-5 mm.
longo valido ferrugineo-puberulo; lamina elliptico-oblonga vel ellip-
tico-lanceolata, 2-3.5 cm. longa, 0.7-1.4 cm. wide, subcoriacea,
acuminata, acumine pbtuso, basi acuta, marginata, supra fusco-
viridis glabra, rhaphidibus minutis conspersa, nervis obsoletis, subtus
pallidior, brunnescens, ad nervos villosula vel scaberula, costa valida
prominente, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 6, angulo lato adscen-
dentibus, gracilibus, prominulis, arcuatis, prope marginem conjunctis,
nervulis obsoletis; inflorescentia terminalis vel pseudo-axillaris,
sessilis vel 1.3 cm. longe pedunculata, cymosa, pauciflora, 1.5-2
cm. longa, interdum fere capitata, ramulis dense ferrugineo-puberulis,
floribus sessilibus vel breviter pedicellatis dense confertis; hypan-
thium turbinatum 1.2 mm. longum glabratum; calyx 1.5-2 mm.
longus extus minutissime puberulus, lobis late oblongis obtusis;
corolla alba, infundibuliformis, extus glabra, 13 mm. longa, tubo
superne sensim dilatato fauce fere 5 mm. lato, lobis 3.5-4 mm.
longis triangulari-oblongis acutiusculis, apice brevissime cucullatis,
intus glabris; fructus ruber subglobosus 6 mm. longus glaber leviter
obtuseque costatus, calyce persistente coronatus. — Colombia: Mossy
forest, Cerro Tatama, Dept. Caldas, Cordillera Occidental, alt.
3,200-3,400 m., September 8-10, 1922, Francis W. Pennell 10511
(U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,140,698, type), 10510 (W, Y).

116 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

A plant of distinctive appearance because of the very numerous
small leaves, small inflorescence, nearly concealed among the leaves,
and large corolla.

Psychotria undata Jacq. PL Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 5. pi. 260.
1798. P. rufescens HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 364. 1820. P. hirta
HBK., 1. c., non H. & B. 1819. P. rufescens a ferruginea DC.
Prodr. 4: 512. 1830. P. rufescens 0 hirta DC., 1. c.

Santa Marta, 150 m., H. H. Smith 318 (F, W, G, M, P); sea-
shore, H. H. Smith 1800 (F, W, G, M, P), 1801 (F, W, G, M, P);
H. H. Smith 8J>9 (Y). La Manuelita, Cauca, 1,100-1,300 m., Pittier
793 (W, G). Panche, Andre 1638 (F, K, Y). Type of P. hirta
from the Andes of Quindio, Humboldt and Bonpland. Also in Vene-
zuela, Central America, the West Indies, and Mexico.

A shrub, the branches rufous-hirsute; stipules large, thin, brown,
obtuse, caducous; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-elliptic to oblong-
obovate, acuminate at the apex, acute to attenuate at the base,
rufous-pilose, especially beneath, thin; inflorescence terminal and
axillary, sessile, short, rufous-pilose, the flowers in small dense
glomerules; calyx truncate; corolla white, pubescent, 3-4 mm.
long; fruit 5 mm. long, pubescent.

Psychotria viridis R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 61. pi. 210, f. b. 1799.
P. glomerata HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 362. 1820. P. microdesmia
Oerst. Vid. Medd. Kjob. 1852: 36. 1852.

Guayabal, Zarzal, El Valle, 900 m., Killip 8362 (W, G). Ranging
southward to Bolivia and north to Central America and Cuba.

A glabrous shrub or small tree; stipules large, acuminate, thin,
brown, caducous; leaves short-petiolate, obovate or obovate-oblong,
acute or short-acuminate at the apex, cuneately attenuate to the
base; inflorescence terminal, pedunculate, spicate-paniculate, the
lower branches verticillate, the minute flowers sessile in distant
glomerules; corolla greenish white; fruit red.

66. PALICOUREA Aubl.

Palicourea is an American genus which reaches its greatest
development in the South American Andes. It extends northward to
central Mexico, and ranges through the West Indies, but with only
a small number of representatives. In Central America the species
are very few until Costa Rica is reached. In that country, whose
flora shows such striking affinities with that of Ecuador, the number
of Palicoureas is a substantial one, and the shrubs form a conspicu-
ous part of the undergrowth in the cold wet mountain forests.
Psychotria is represented in Mexico by a respectable number of
species, and in the West Indies by a very large number.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 117

Most of the members of both genera are quite without economic
importance. Although the Psychotrias, except sometimes in fruit,
are inconspicuous, with chiefly whitish or greenish flowers, the
Palicoureas often are strikingly beautiful, with blossoms in varying
shades of yellow, orange, red, blue and purple.

The stipules in Palicourea are always, probably, persistent,
green, and united into a sheath which terminates in four broad or
narrow lobes. The leaves are much more uniform than in Psychotria.
The inflorescence is terminal and generally thyrsiform, although not
invariably so. The corolla is usually longer and narrower than in
Psychotria, and nearly always has an evident "bulge" at the base.

When dry, the inflorescence almost always has a yellowish or
reddish tinge, which is rare in Psychotria. The corollas often change
color in drying, especially if they are blue or purple.

About 70 species of Palicourea are known at present from
Colombia. Probably no other country can produce so large a number,
unless it be Ecuador. The Ecuadorian flora is still so little known
that one can not make estimates regarding its composition with any
high degree of safety.

Palicourea abbreviata Rusby, Descr. N. Sp. S. Amer. PI. 141.
1920.

Top of San Lorenzo Ridge, 2,250 m., H. H. Smith 1815 (Y, type).
Without locality, Triana 1653 (K), 1647 (K), 1656 (K).

A gnarled shrub 3 m. high, the branches glabrous; stipule sheath
loose, 6-8 mm. long, the lobes distant, linear, slightly shorter; leaves
short-petiolate, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 4-7 cm. long, 2-4 cm.
wide, acuminate at the apex, obtuse or rounded at the base, cori-
aceous, densely short-pilose beneath along the nerves; panicles
sessile or nearly so, pyramidal, 5 cm. long, very dense, many-
flowered, the branches ascending, nearly glabrous, the bracts small,
ovate or lanceolate; flowers sessile or short-pedicellate; calyx lobes
short, rounded; corolla glabrous, 9 mm. long, stout.

Palicourea acetosoides Wernh. Journ. Bot. 55: 280. 1917.

Type from Colombia, Triana 126.

A nearly glabrous shrub; stipules closely sheathing, the tube
5 mm. long, the distant lobes 2 mm. long; leaves petiolate, papy-
raceous, elliptic-obovate, scarcely acuminate, cuneately narrowed to
the base, minutely pilose beneath on the costa; inflorescence
30 cm. long, the basal branches 6 cm. long, the upper branches 1-2 cm.
long, glabrous, the bracts small; calyx lobes oblong, obtuse; corolla
4 mm. long, yellowish-pulverulent.

118 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Palicourea Albert-Smithii, sp. nov. — Frutex 1-3-metralis,
ramulis gracilibus glabris, junioribus subtetragonis viridibus in
sicco fusco-olivaceis, vetustioribus subteretibus olivaceo-ochraceis,
internodiis elongatis; stipulae in vaginam 2.5-4 mm. longam glabram
truncatam connatae, vagina in lobos 4 remotos lineares yel anguste
triangulares acutiusculos erectos desinente; folia opposita, petiolo
gracili 8-12 mm. longo supra sulcato sparse minuteque adpresso-
pilosulo; lamina crasse papyracea, elliptico-oblonga vel oblongo-
ovata, 6-13 cm. longa, 2-5 cm. lata, acuminata, apice obtuso, basi
acuta, marginata, supra viridis, ad costam vix prominentem minute
puberula, subtus pallidior, ad venas minute hirtella, costa gracili
elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 14, angulo lato adscen-
dentibus, gracilibus, pallidis, arcuatis, marginem attingentibus,
nervulis prominentibus reticulatis; inflorescentia sessilis vel 1.5-2.5
cm. longe pedunculata, pyramidali-paniculata, prope basin interdum
foliaceo-bracteata, 6-10 cm. longa, 5-7 cm. lata, laxe multiflora,
ramulis gracilibus adscendentibus hirtellis; bracteae lineares vel
lanceolatae, 2-5 mm. longae, interdum virides, minute hirtellae vel
glabrae; flores sparsi, pedicellis gracilibus 2.5-5 mm. longis; hypan-
thium semiglobosum 1.5 mm. longum glabrum; calyx 1-2 mm.
longus profunde 5-lobus, lobis valde inaequalibus oblongis vel late
triangularibus obtusis vel acutis glabratis, saepius ciliolatis; corolla
caerulea extus glabra tubulosa 17 mm. longa, tubo gracili basi
paullo ampliato, fauce 2.5 mm. lato, lobis oblongis obtusis 3 mm.
longis; fructus didymo-globosus 5 mm. latus glaber sulcatus, costis
obtusis. — Colombia: In wooded valley, Paramo del Hatico, between
Toledo and Pamplona, Dept. Norte de Santander, alt. 2,900 m.,
March 12-13, 1927, E. P. Killip & Albert C. Smith 20700 (U. S.
Nat. Herb. No. 1,355,706, type; duplicate in Y). Between Pamplona
and Toledo, in dense woods, 2,800-3,000 m., Killip & Smith 20008
(W). Toledo, Norte de Santander, 1,700-1,900 m., Killip & Smith
20096 (W, Y).

The plant is noteworthy for the lax inflorescence and slender
blue corollas.

Palicourea albiflora, sp. nov. — Ramuli graciles obtuse tetragoni
dense villosulo-tomentosi, internodiis 3-5 cm. longis; stipulae persis-
tentes in vaginam 6-7 mm. longam truncatam dense tomentosam
adpressam connatae, vagina in lacinias 4 oblongo-lineares 6-8 mm.
longas sparse tomentosas vel glabratas ciliatas approximatas desi-
nente; folia opposita, petiolo 9-13 mm. longo gracili sordido-tomen-
toso; lamina subcoriacea, anguste elliptico-oblonga vel ovato-oblonga,
7.7-9 cm. longa, 2.5-3.3 cm. lata, abrupte sensimve longiacuminata,
acumine angusto versus apicem obtusum sensim attenuate, basi
acuta, supra viridis, ad costam sparse villosa aliter glabra, nervis
non elevatis, subtus pallida, ad costam gracilem elevatam villosa,
ad nervos et nervulos adpresso-pilosula, nervis lateralibus utroque
latere c. 12, angulo acuto adscendentibus, gracilibus, prominentibus,
arcuatis, in marginem desinentibus, nervulis prominulis arete
reticulatis; inflorescentia terminalis 4.5 cm. longe pedunculata,

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 119

pyramidali-paniculata, dense multiflora, c. 4 cm. longa et aequilata,
basi trichotoma et foliaceo-bracteata, ramis divaricatis dense villo-
sulo-tomentosis, floribus dense congestis 1-2 mm. longe pedicellatis,
bracteis conspicuis linearibus vel anguste oblongis, plerumque 5-8
mm. longis obtusis sparse villosulis; hypanthium breyiter villosulum
obovoideum 1.5 mm. longum; calyx glabratus, laciniis 5 oblongis
3-4 mm. longis obtusis erectis ciliatis; corolla alba 8-9 mm. longa,
in alabastrp obtusa, extus sparse breviterque villosula vel glabrata,
tubo gracili superne paullo sensimque dilato fauce 2 mm. lato, lobis
late oblongis obtusis 1.5 mm. longis suberectis. — Colombia: Cuchilla,
Divisadera, Goudot (Herb. Kew., type).

In most characters the plant is similar to P. ionantha Standl.,
but in that the pubescence is much less abundant, the calyx lobes
are much shorter, and the corolla is glabrous.

<

Palicourea anacardifolia (H. & B.), comb. nov. Psychotria
anacardifolia H. & B. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 190. 1819. Palicourea
macrocarpa HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 369. 1820.

Type locality of P. macrocarpa given as "In calidis Regni Novo-
Granatensis(?)."

Branches glabrous; stipules connate, bifid, the lobes linear,
exceeding the petioles; leaves opposite, petiolate, obovate-oblong,
short-acuminate at the apex, cuneate at the base, paler beneath
and hirtellous, especially on the nerves, 15-22 cm. long; panicles
pedunculate, 7.5-10 cm. long, the branches spreading, glabrous, the
bracts linear; calyx lobes rounded-ovate, acute; corolla glabrous,
16-18 mm. long; fruit subglobose, as large as the fruit of Prunus
spinosa.

Because of the large size of the fruit, it is probable that the
plant is not a Palicourea.

Palicourea anceps, sp. nov. — Arbor parva, ramulis crassiusculis
subteretibus glabris, internodiis brevibus; stipulae in vaginam 3-4
mm. longam truncatam glabram connatae, vagina in lobos 4 breves
remotos erectos 2-3.5 mm. longos oblongos vel lineares acutos vel
obtusos desinente; folia opposita, petiolo crasso 5-10 mm. longo
glabro; lamina rigide coriacea, lanceolato-oblonga vel elliptico-
oblonga, 7-13.5 cm. longa, 2.5-5 cm. lata, acuminata, acumine
obtuso vel acuto, basi acuta, glabra vel rarius subtus ad nervos
hinc inde hirtella, supra lutescenti-yiridis, costa prominente, nervis
manifestis sed non elevatis, subtus vix pallidior, costa gracili elevata,
nervis lateralibus utroque latere plerumque 14-16, gracilibus, promi-
nentibus, angulq lato adscendentibus, arcuatis, marginem attin-
gentibus, nervulis prominulis reticulatis; inflorescentia sessilis vel
2-4.5 cm. longe pedunculata, pyramidali-paniculata, dense multi-
flora, 5-10 cm. longa, 4-9 cm. lata, ramulis adscendentibus glabris;
bracteae plerumque oblongae vel ovatae et 2-5 mm. longae, obtusae

120 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

vel acutae, glabrae, ciliolatae; pedicelli crassi 1-5 mm. longi apice
vix incrassati; hypanthium late turbinatum 2 mm. longum glabrum;
calyx 1.5 mm. longus profunde lobatus, lobis late ovatis obtusis vel
acutiusculis glabris; corolla tubulosa extus glabra 14-16 mm. longa,
tubo basi paullo ampliato, superne vix dilatato, fauce 3-4 mm. lato,
lobis 2 mm. longis oblongo-ovatis intus minute papillosis; antherae
inclusae; stylus interdum exsertus; fructus subglobosus 6-8 mm.
longus glaber purpureo-niger sulcatus, costis obtusis. — Colombia:
In forest, Canaan, Mount Purac<§, Dept. El Cauca, alt. 3,100-3,300
m., June 11-13, 1922, Francis W. Pennell and Ellsworth P. Killip
6608 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,140,595, type; duplicates in G and Y).
Paletara to Calaguala, Cauca, open brushy forest, 3,000-3,200 m.,
Pennell 7082 (W, G, Y). Cordillera Oriental, east of Neiva, in
forest, 2,000-2,500 m., Rusby & Pennell 612 (W, G, Y). Coconuco,
Cauca, in woodland along stream, 2,300-2,500 m., Killip 6876 (W,
G, Y). Without locality, Ariste-Joseph 702 (W, Y; determination
doubtful).

The color of the corolla is described variously in the collector's
notes: "tube deep blue, lobes dark green;" "yellow and green;"
"green-yellow;" and "blue and yellow."

Palicourea Andrei, sp. nov. — Ramuli validi subteretes fusco-
brunnei breviter pilosuli; stipulae late ovatae obtusae 7 mm. longae
pilosulae subpersistentes; folia opposita, petiolo crasso 2 cm. longo
breviter piloso; lamina ovato-ovalis, 13-16 cm. longa, 8.5-10 cm.
lata, obtusa(?), basi late rotundata, subcoriacea, supra obscure
viridis, adpresse pilosula, nervis npn elevatis, subtus pallidior, dense
pilosa, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 22,
gracilibus, prominentibus, angulo fere recto divergentibus, leviter
arcuatis, marginem attingentibus; inflorescentia x 6.5 cm. longe
pedunculata, cymoso-paniculata, c. 8 cm. longa et lata, dense
multiflora, trichotoma, ramis suberectis dense villoso-pilpsulis,
floribus sessilibus dense confertis; bracteae late ovatae acuminatae
1.5-3 mm. longae pilosulae; hypanthium semiglobosum 1.5 mm.
longum dense pilosulum; calyx 2-2.5 mm. longus pilosulus breviter
lobatus, lobis late ovatis obtusis; corolla hypocrateriformis extus
minute villosula, tubo fere 3 cm. longo basi ampliato, superne vix
dilatato, fauce 4 mm. lato, lobis anguste oblongis 7 mm. longis
obtusis.— Colombia: Altaquer, May 23, 1876, E. Andre 3351 (Herb.
N. Y. Bot. Gard., type; duplicate in K).

The material of this plant is far from satisfactory for study,
and on this account it is not certain that it belongs properly in the
genus Palicourea.

Palicourea angustifolia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 367.* 1820.
P. querceticola Schum. & Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 40: 332. 1908.
P. quindiensis Wernh. Journ. Bot. 55: 282. 1917. P. Moritzii
Wernh., op. cit. 283. 1917.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 121

Dense forest, Alto de Pesares near Popayan, 2,300-2,700 m.,
Lehmann 5906 (F, type collection of P. querceticola) . Schumann
and Krause report also Lehmann 3713, collected near Paisbamba,
and Lehmann CLXIV, without locality. Mount Quindio, at 2,340
m., Triana 78 (1663) (K, type collection of P. quindiensis) . Without
locality, Moritz 844 (W, type collection of P. Moritzii; ascribed to
Colombia, but probably from Venezuela). Near Popayan, 1,700-
2,500 m., Lehmann B.T.I 228 (K, Y). Highlands of Popayan, 1,600-
2,300 m., Lehmann B.T. 390 (F, G, K, Y). Popayan, Lehmann K.134
(F, K). Cordillera Occidental, 2,400 m., Langlasse 91 (W, G, a
very densely pubescent form). Angelopolis, Toro 905 (Y). Caldas,
2,500 m., Dawe 782 (W, K, Y). Capilla, Lehmann B.T. 516 (K, Y).
Titiribi, Toro 1200 (Y), 1196 (Y). Las Nubes, 1,350 m., H. H.
Smith 1807 (Y). Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 1816 (F, W, M, P, S).
Region of Bogota, in 1919, Ariste-Joseph (F, W). Without locality,
Ariste-Joseph 706 (W, Y). Greene", Ariste-Joseph A837 (W).
Vicinity of Bogota, Ariste-Joseph B43 (W), A3 59 (W). Sopo,
Ariste-Joseph 769 (W). Canoas, Ariste-Joseph A96 (W). Hills of
Miraflores, Cauca, 1,600-1,200 m., Pittier 871 (W, G, Y). Chiquiri-
bamba, Andre K.502 (K, Y). Magana, Caldas, 3,000-3,200 m.,
Killip & Hazen 9481 (W, G, Y). Buenavista to Azufral, Tolima,
1,800-2,500 m., Killip & Hazen 9579 (W, G, K, P, Y). Pinares,
Caldas, 2,600-2,900 m., Pennell 9186 (W, G). La Cumbre, El Valle,
1,800-2,100 m., Pennell 5710 (W, G, Y). Murillo, Tolima, 2,200-
2,600 m., Pennell 3161 (Y), 3160 (Y). Tequendama, 2,300 m.,
Pennell 1972 (Y). Balsillas, Huila, 2,100 m., Rusby & Pennell 772
(Y). Cordillera Oriental east of Neiva, Huila, 1,300-2,300 m.,
Rusby & Pennell 585 (Y), 980 (Y). Between Boquilla and Volcancito,
Holton 424 (G, P, Y). Fusagasuga(?), Andre K. 1113 (K, Y). Tequen-
dama(?), Andre K.1114 (K). Without locality, Triana (K); Triana
128 (K), 129 (K); Linden 1082 (K), 1083 (K). Antioquia, 1,950
m., Kalbreyer 1636 (K); alt. 2,100-2,400 m., Kalbreyer 1500 (K).
Ocana, 2,550 m., Kalbreyer 610 (K). San Pedro, Ocana, 1,800 m.,
Schtim 665 (K). Also in Venezuela.

A shrub or small tree, sometimes 5 m. high, the young branches
densely puberulent or rarely glabrous; stipule sheath 4-6 mm. long,
the lobes subulate, erect, equaling or longer than the sheath; leaves
short-petiolate, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 6-23 cm. long, 2-5 cm.
wide, long-acuminate at the apex, obtuse or acute at the base, thick,
usually puberulent or pilose beneath, at least on the nerves; panicle
pedunculate, thyrsoid, many-flowered, open or dense, often equaling
the leaves, the branches usually ascending and densely puberulent
or pilose, the bracts minute; flowers pedicellate; calyx minute,
acutely dentate; corolla tubular, 10-15 mm. long or even longer,
usually puberulent or short-pilose but sometimes glabrate; fruit 4-5
mm. long, purple-black.

The color of the corolla is given as "purple," "violet-purple,"
"violet," "pink," and "purplish." The specimens referred here show
considerable variation, but I have been unable to divide them

122 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

satisfactorily. P. quindiensis is described as having flowers only
8-9 mm. long, but there is great variation in the length of the corolla,
the flowers of some plants attaining a length of nearly 2 cm.

Palicourea antioquiana, sp. nov. — Frutex yel arbor parva,
ramulis yalidis subteretibus vel obtuse tetragonis dense villoso-
tomentosis vel breviter hirsutis, vetustioribus ochraceis, internodiis
brevibus vel elongatis; stipulae persistentes in vaginam adpressam
vel laxam 6-10 mm. longam truncatam extus dense villoso-tomen-
tosam connatae, vagina in lobos 4 approximates lineares vel lineari-
lanceolatos superne attenuates apice acutos vel obtusos 5-13 mm.
longos erectos extus tomentellos desinente; folia opposita, petiolo
valido 1-2.3 cm. longo dense villosulo-tomentoso; lamina subcoriacea,
elliptico-oblonga vel elliptica, rarius lanceolato-oblonga, 12-20 cm.
longa, 4.5-9 cm. lata, apice breviter et saepe abrupte acuminata,
basi acuta, supra fusca vel lutescens, ad costam breviter villosa,
plerumque rhaphidibus angustis pallidis conspersa, costa paullo
elevata, nervis lateralibus manifestos, subtus paullo pallidior, dense
molliterque pubescens, costa valida elevata, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere c. 17, angulo angusto yel latiusculo adscendentibus,
prominentibus, crassiusculis, arcuatis, marginem attingentibus,
nervulis prominentibus laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia 5-7 cm. longe
pedunculata, thyrsoideo-paniculata, dense multiflora, 6-11.5 cm.
longa, 5-8 cm. lata, ramulis crassis divaricatis vel adscendentibus
breviter villosulo-tomentosis; bracteae lineares vel lanceolato-
lineares, 8-18 mm. longae, persistentes, attenuatae, extus tomen-
tellae; flores conferti sessiles yel 2 mm. longe pedicellati, pedicellis
crassis; hypanthium late turbinatum 2.5 mm. longum dense tomen-
tosum; calyx dense vel sparse tpmentosus, fere ad basin 5-fidus,
laciniis linearibus vel lanceolato-linearibus 7-13 mm. longis, apicem
versus sensim angustatis, intus glabris; corolla albida vel lutescens,
extus dense villoso-tomentosa, 17-22 mm. longa, tubo 4-5 mm.
lato, basi paullo ampliato, superne vix dilatato, lobis erectis yel
patulis ovato-oblongis 2-4 mm. longis obtusis apice cucullatis;
stylus interdum exsertus. — Colombia: Western Andes of Popayan,
alt. 1,900-2,600 m., F. C. Lehmann 7934 (Herb. Field Mus. No.
578,691, type; duplicates in K and W). In forest below San Jose",
Cauca, 2,100-2,500 m., Pennell 7631 (W, Y); at 2,400-2,700 m.,
Pennell & Killip 7352 (W), 7345 (W). In forest above Aguada,
Antioquia, 2,300 m., Lehmann 3132 (K, W). Prov. Antioquia,
1,350-1,650 m., forest border, Kalbreyer 1693 (K). Santo Domingo,
Antioquia, 1,950 m., Kalbreyer 1709 (K).

Palicourea antioquiana is a well-marked species, noteworthy
because of its copious pubescence and large corolla and calyx.

Palicourea apicata HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 367. pi 285. 1820.

Without locality ("New Granada"), Linden 1085 (G, K). Also
in Venezuela.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 123

A glabrous shrub; stipule sheath elongate, sometimes equaling
the petiole, obscurely bidentate; leaves opposite, petiolate, subcori-
aceous, oblong or elliptic-oblong to oblanceolate-oblong, 5-13 cm.
long, 2-4 cm. wide, acuminate, narrowed to the base, paler beneath;
inflorescence cymose-paniculate, sessile, lax, rather few-flowered,
usually shorter than the leaves, the branches ascending or spreading;
flowers pedicellate; calyx lobes minute, acute or obtuse; corolla 8-9
mm. long, glabrous, purple.

Palicourea Aristei, sp. nov. — Ramuli graciles, obtuse tetragoni,
in sicco fusco-olivacei, minute adpresso-pilosuli vel glabrati, inter-
nodiis elongatis; stipulae adpressae, in vaginam truncatam puber-
ulam 2-3 mm. longam connatae, vagina in lobos 4 remotes triangulari-
oblongos obtusos vel acutos erectos desinente; folia opposita, petiolo
gracili 5-15 mm. longp strigoso; lamina subcoriacea, ovali-elliptica
vel rarius ovato-elliptica, 4-10.5 cm. longa, 2-5.5 cm. lata, abrupte
et brevissime acuminata, acumine obtuso, basi late cuneata vel
obtusa, supra viridis, interdum ad costam sparse adpresso-pilosula,
nervis manifestis sed vix elevatis, subtus pallidior, praesertim ad
nervos hirtella vel adpresso-pilosula, costa gracili eleyata, nervis
lateralibus utroque latere c. 15, gracilibus, prominentibus, angulo
lato adscendentibus, arcuatis, marginem attingentibus, nervulis
prominentibus reticulatis; inflorescentia sessilis vel 2.5-4.5 cm.
longe pedunculata, corymbiformis, dense multiflora, 5-9.5 cm. longa,
4-11 cm. lata, basi trichotoma, interdum basi foliaceo-bracteata,
ramulis gracilibus adscendentibus sparse puberulis; bracteae ovatae
vel lineares, 1-5 mm. longae, acutae, adpresso-pilosulae; flores
pedicellati, pedicellis 1-3 mm. longis validis apice paullo incrassatis;
hypanthium late turbinatum 1.5 mm. longum glabrum; calyx fere
2 mm. longus glaber ad medium 5-lobus, lobis late ovatis ciliolatis
apice obtusis vel rotundatis; corolla gracilis in alabastro 12-16 mm.
longa, extus minutissime fulvo-puberula, tubo basi paullo ampliato,
supeme sensim dilatato, lobis apice minute cornutis. — Colombia:
Without locality, Bro. Ariste-Joseph 705 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No.
1,121,651, type; duplicate in Y). Chapinero, near Bogota, Ariste-
Joseph A719 (W).

In many details the plant here described agrees with the original
description of P. vaginata Benth., of the same region, but in that
the leaves are said to be softly pubescent beneath, and the corolla
glabrous.

Palicourea bryophila, sp. nov.— Frutex vel arbor, ramulis
crassiusculis subteretibus in sicco fuscis laevibus glabris, internodiis
brevibus vel elongatis; stipulae in vaginam laxam 7-9 mm. longam
truncatam glabratam connatae, vagina in lobos 4 approximates
lineares 6-10 mm. longos desinente; folia opposita, petiolo crassius-
culo 1.2-3 cm. longo glabro; lamina papyracea, elliptico-oblonga vel
elliptico-obovata, 15-19 cm. longa, 6.5-8 cm. lata, abrupte brevi-
terque acuminata, basin versus angustata, marginata, supra glabra

124 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

vel ad costam puberula, rhaphidibus minutis pallidis saepius con-
spersa, subtus paullo pallidior, ad nervos pilosa vel glabrata, costa
crassa elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 16, angulp lato
adscendentibus, gracilibus, elevatis, arcuatis, marginem attingen-
tibus, nervulis prominulis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia sessilis vel
5 cm. longe pedunculata, pyramidali-paniculata vel thyrsoidea, laxe
multiflora, 9-15 cm. longa, 6-8 cm. lata, ramulis divaricatis vel
adscendentibus glabris; bracteae lineares vel oblongae, 5-7 mm.
longae, attenuatae, glabrae; pedicelli 3-7 mm. longi crassi glabri;
hypanthium late turbinatum 2 mm. longum glabrum; calyx late
campanulatus 3-4 mm. longus glaber, fere ad medium 5-lobus,
laciniis ovalibus vel oblongo-ovatis, apice rotundatis vel obtusis;
corolla caerulea tubulosa 15-17 mm. longa, extus glabra, tubo basi
paullo ampliato, fauce 4 mm. lato, lobis oblongis obtusis 3-3.5 mm.
longis; antherae subexsertae lineares. — Colombia: Mossy forest,
Cerro Tatama, Dept. Caldas, alt. 2,800-3,300 m., September 8-10,
1922, Francis W. Pennell 10465 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,140,694,
type). Salento, Caldas, 2,100-2,500 m., Pennell 8868 (W). Without
locality, Triana 1728 (K).

Related to P. Toroi Standl., but in that the stipules are very
different.

Palicourea caldasana, sp. nov. — Arbor parva, ramulis obtuse
tetragonis validis minute puberulis vel hirtellis, vetustioribus
subteretibus ochraceis; stipulae breviter connatae, 5-10 mm. longae,
puberulae vel glabratae, ad medium bilobae, adpressae, lobis fere
contiguis oblongis vel ovatis obtusis; folia opposita, petiolo gracili
vel valido 6-15 mm. longo supra sulcato minute puberulo; lamina
subcoriacea, ovali-elliptica, elliptico-oblonga vel obovato-oblonga,
6.5-13 cm. longa, 2.2-5.5 cm. lata, abrupte acuminata vel tantum
acuta, basi angustata vel rarius obtusa, supra viridis, glabra vel ad
costam sparse puberula, costa prominente, nervis manifestis sed
non prominentibus, subtus paullo pallidior, ad nervos hispidula vel
puberula, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere
11-15, angulo lato vel acuto adscendentibus, gracilibus, prominen-
tibus, arcuatis, marginem attingentibus; inflorescentia 2-3.5 cm.
longe pedunculata, thyrsoideo-paniculata vel pyramidali-paniculata,
8-14 cm. longa, 4-10 cm. lata, dense multiflora, ramulis plerumque
divaricatis puberulis; bracteae triangulares vel lineares, acuminatae
vel attenuatae, 1.5-6 mm. longae, ciliolatae; pedicelli 1.5-6 mm.
longi; hypanthium turbinatum 1.5 mm. longum glabratum; calyx
1.5-3 mm. longus profunde 5-lobus, lobis ovalibus vel ovatis glabratis
apice obtusis vel rotundatis, rarius acutis; corolla lutea tubulosa
extus glabra vel sparse minuteque puberula, 10-13 mm. longa, basi
paullo ampliata, fauce 2.5-3 mm. lata, lobis late ovatis vel oblongo-
ovatis obtusis 1.5-2 mm. longis, intus minute papillosis; antherae
subexsertae lineares 2.5 mm. longae. — Colombia: In thicket, Panares,
above Salento, Dept. Caldas, alt. 2,600-2,900 m., August 2-10, 1922,
Francis W. Pennell 9191 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,140,678, type;
duplicates in G and Y). Salento to Laguneta, Caldas, in forest,

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 125

2,800-3,100 m., Kittip & Hazen 9144 (W, G, Y). Alaska, above
Salento, Caldas, 2,900-3,200 m., Killip 9810 (W, G, Y).

From P. vaginata Benth. this plant differs in its large panicles
and well-developed calyx lobes.

Palicourea caloneura Rusby, Descr. N. Sp. S. Amer. PI. 142.
1920.

Top of San Lorenzo Ridge, 2,160 m., H. H. Smith 1808 (Y,
type; F, W, M, P, S).

A shrub 0.6-1.2 m. high, the branches glabrous; stipule sheath
2.5 mm. long, the lobes separated, narrowly triangular, of equal
length; leaves petiolate, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 4-6 cm. long,
1.5-3 cm. wide, obtuse or acute, acute to nearly rounded at the base,
coriaceous, short-pilose beneath along the nerves; panicle short-
pedunculate or sessile, 3-4 cm. long, thyrsoid, the branches ascending
or spreading, sparsely puberulent or glabrate, the bracts minute;
flowers sessile or short-pedicellate; calyx lobes minute, obtuse or
acute; corolla glabrous, pinkish, 10 mm. long, narrow-funnelform.

Palicourea calophlebia, sp. nov. — Frutex vel arbor parva,
ramulis crassis obtuse tetragonis dense minuteque puberulis vel
hirtellis, internodiis brevibus; stipulae in vaginam 7-10 mm. longam
truncatam laxam vel adpressam puberulam vel adpresso-pilosulam
connatae, vagina in lobos 4 lineares sensim attenuates erectos 8-13
mm. longos desinente; folia opposita, petiolo crasso 1.2-2.5 cm.
longo dense puberulo supra late sulcato; lamina rigide papyracea
vel subcoriacea, elliptica, late elliptica vel obovatp-elliptica, 18-27
cm. longa, 9.5-14 cm. lata, apice breviter cuspidato-acuminata,
acumine acuto vel obtuso, basi acuta vel abrupte contracta et
breviter decurrens, supra viridis, glabra vel ad costam prominentem
sparse puberula, nervis prominulis, subtus pallidior, saltern ad
costam nervosque hirtella vel puberula, costa crassa elevata, nervis
lateralibus utroque latere c. 23, angulo lato divergentibus, gracilibus,
prominentibus, arcuatis, juxta marginem arcuato-conjunctis, nervulis
prominentibus eleganter reticulatis; inflorescentia 1.5-4 cm. longe
pedunculata, thyrsoideo-paniculata, densissime multiflora, contracta,
8-16 cm. longa, 3-7 cm. lata, interdum basi foliaco-bracteata, rhache
crassa tomentella vel dense puberula, ramulis primariis brevissimis
adscendentibus, divaricatis vel subreflexis; bracteae oblongo-ovatae,
ovatae vel late rhombico-ovatae, 6-11 mm. longae, acutae vel
obtusae, tenues, persistentes, glabratae, venosae; flores dense conferti,
sessiles; hypanthium late turbinatum 1 mm. longum glabrum; calyx
2.5-3.5 mm. longus prpfunde 5-lobus glaber vel glabratus, lobis
ovatis vel oblongo-ovatis acutis; corolla alba tubulosa extus glabra
vel minute sparseque puberula, 7-9 mm. longa, tubo 2-2.5 mm. lato,
lobis oblongis pbtusis fere 2 mm. longis; antherae inclusae; stylus
interdum breviter exsertus. — Colombia: In forest, west of Rio
Boquia, Dept. Caldas, alt. 1,600-1,900 m., July 27, 1922, Ellsworth
P. Killip and Tracy E. Hazen 8804 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,140,659,

126 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

type; duplicates in G and Y). Tocota, Cauca, 2,000 m., Lehmann
2936 (K, W). Dauro, Toro 1142 (Y). Without locality, Triana
16U (K).

This species is easily recognized by the very large, handsomely
veined leaves, and by the narrow dense spikelike inflorescence,
copiously furnished with broad bracts.

Palicourea caprifoliacea Wernh. Journ. Bot. 55: 340. 1917.

Type from Colombia, Linden 1080. Rio Dagua, Cauca, 2,000
m., Lehmann 2919 (W). Without locality, Triana 127 (K). Prov.
Antioquia, Kalbreyer 1290 (K).

A shrub or small tree; stipules 1 cm. long, bifid, the lobes acute;
leaves short-petiolate, elliptic to oblanceolate or obovate, 8-22 cm.
long, 3-12 cm. wide, short-acuminate, at the base acute to attenuate,
chartaceous, sparsely pubescent beneath on the nerves; panicle
pedunculate, narrowly pyramidal, many-flowered, 12-28 cm. long,
the branches ascending or spreading, the bracts inconspicuous;
flowers pedicellate or sessile; calyx minute, the lobes obtuse; corolla
yellow, glabrous, 5-6 mm. long.

Palicourea caucana, sp. nov. — Frutex, ramulis gracilibus dense
scaberulo-puberulis, vetustioribus subteretibus griseo-ochraceis,
internodiis 2-5 cm. longis; stipulae fere liberae, 4-5 mm. longae,
dense puberulae, profunde bilobae, lobis ovato-oblongis obtusis
erectis; folia opposita, petiolo crasso 3-8 mm. longo dense puberulo;
lamina subcoriacea, oblongo-elliptica vel oblongo-obovata, 4-7 cm.
longa, 1.7-3 cm. lata, abrupte angusteque acuminata, apice obtusa,
basi acuta vel subobtusa, supra viridis, glabra vel ad costam subim-
pressam sparse puberula, nervis obscuris, subtus pallida, praesertim
ad nervos asperulo-puberula, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere c. 12, gracilibus, prominulis, angulo lato adscen-
dentibus, marginem attingentibus; inflorescentia 4.5 cm. longe
pedunculata, basi bracteis 2 lanceolatis foliaceis 12-15 mm. longis
fulcrata, dichotoma, ramis primariis 2-3 cm. longis puberulis,
floribus cymosis congestis; bracteae oblongae vel ovatae, virides,
obtusae vel acutae, 4-6 mm. longae, tenues, glabrae, ciliatae, brac-
teolis bracteis conformibus, calycem arete amplectentibus et multo
excedentibus; flores conferti pauci sessiles vel pedicellis 2-4 mm.
longis stipati; hypanthium semiglobosum 1 mm. longum puberulum;
calyx 1 mm. longus, lobis late ovatis obtusis vel acutis ciliolatis;
corolla rubra infundibuliformis extus glabra, tubo gracili 12-13 mm.
longo basi ampliato, superne sensim dilatato, fauce 3 mm. lato,
lobis triangulari-oblongis acutis 4 mm. longis, intus minute papillosis;
filamenta 3-4 mm. longe exserta gracillima glabra, antheris linearibus
2.5 mm. longis. — Colombia: In forest, La Gallera, Micay Valley,
Dept. El Cauca, alt. 2,000-2,200 m., July 1, 1922. Ellsworth P.
Killip 7957 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,140,634, type).

Although it would be preferable to have more ample material
of this plant for study and description, the single specimen available

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 127

shows that it is distinct from anything known otherwise from
Colombia. The long-exserted stamens make its recognition easy.

Palicourea chaquirana, sp. nov. — Frutex ut videtur dense
ramosus, ramulis gracilibus subteretibus fuscis glabris, vetustioribus
conspicue lenticellatis et rimosis; stipulae persistentes, breviter
connatae, erectae, 2-2.5 mm. longae, ad medium bilobae, Ipbis ovato-
triangularibus obtusis glabris; folia opppsita, petiolo gracili 5-7 mm.
longo glabro supra late sulcato; lamina subcoriacea, lanceolato-
elliptica, 2.5-4.5 cm. longa, 1-2 cm. lata, longiacuminata, basi acuta
vel cuneata, manifeste marginata, supra viridis, ad costam promin-
ulam minute puberula vel glabra, nervis subimpressis, subtus pallida,
lutescens, secus costam crassiusculam elevatam ciliata, aliter glabra,
nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 10, angulo lato adscendentibus,
gracilibus, prominentibus, valde arcuatis, juxta marginem cpnjunctis,
nervulis prominulis reticulatis; inflorescentia sessilis, trichotoma,
ramulis primariis erectis glabris 1-1.5 cm. longis apice umbellatim
ramosis, floribus in cymulas densas paucifloras dispositis, sessilibus
vel subsessilibus; bracteae ovatae 1-2 mm. longae acutae persistentes;
hypanthium cylindrico-turbinatum 1.5 mm. longum glabrum; calyx
glaber 0.5 mm. longus obsolete remoteque denticulatus; corolla
alba infundibuliformis extus minutissime puberula vel fere glabra,
9 mm. longa, basi ampliata, tubp dilatato fauce 4 mm. lato, lobis
oblpngo-ovatis acutiusculis erectis 2-2.5 mm. longis intus minute
papillosis; antherae subexsertae lineares 2.5 mm. longae; fructus
ovoideo-globosus 6 mm. longus glaber profunde sulcatus, costis
obtusis. — Colombia: Shrub zone below Paramo de Chaquiro,
Cordillera Occidental, Dept. Bolivar, alt. 2,800-3,100 m., February
24, 1918, Francis W. Pennell 4312 (Herb. N. Y. Bot. Card., type).

A well-marked species because of the small leaves and the
arrangement of the inflorescence.

Palicourea corymbifera (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Psychotria
corymbifera Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 247. 1881.

Reported by Mueller from San Carlos on the Rio Negro, Spruce
3486. Also in Brazil and Venezuela.

Branchlets glabrous; leaves quaternate; stipule sheath 3 mm.
long, bidentate, the teeth scarcely 1 mm. long; leaf blades elliptic-
lanceolate, 13-20 cm. long, cuspidate, acute at the base, minutely
puberulent on the veins; panicle umbelliform, 6-9 cm. broad, the
lowest branches verticillate; calyx 10-denticulate; corolla 8 mm.
long, ferruginous-tomentulose; fruits 5 mm. broad.

Palicourea crocea (Sw.) R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 193. 1819.
Psychotria crocea Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 44. 1788.

Mountain forest near Valparaiso, 1,200-1,500 m., H. H. Smith
1824 (F, W, G, M, P, Y). San Andre's de la Sierra, Magdalena,
1,100-1,300 m., Pittier 1642 (W). Without locality, Triana 1655

128 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VII

(K), 1643 (K). Ocafia, 1,200 m., Schlim 1 (K); at 1,050 m., Scfdim
694 (K). Ocaiia, 1,800 m., Kalbreyer 520 (K). Toche, Holton 423
(K). Near Ocaiia, 1,500 m., Wyatt (K). Widely distributed in
tropical America.

A nearly glabrous shrub or tree, sometimes 7.5 m. high; stipules
3.5 mm. long, the lobes subulate; leaves short-petiolate, firm, elliptic-
oblong or ovate-oblong, 8-15 cm. long, long-acuminate at the apex,
acute or obtuse at the base; panicles sessile or pedunculate, pyrami-
dal, open, many-flowered, the branches spreading or ascending,
glabrous or puberulent, the bracts minute; flowers long-pedicellate;
calyx lobes minute, ovate or rounded; corolla red or orange, tubular,
glabrous, 8-12 mm. long; fruit purple-black, 4-5 mm. long.

Palicourea cyanantha, sp. nov. — Arbor, ramulis gracilibus
obtuse tetragonis pallide olivaceis minute puberulis vel hirtellis,
internodiis 3-4 cm. longis; stipulae in vaginam 6-7 mm. longam
truncatam puberulam connatae, vagina in lobos 4 approximatos
erectos lineares longiattenuatos 1.5-2.5 cm. longos 1-1.5 mm. latos
glabratos desinente; folia opposita, petiolo gracili 1-1.8 cm. longo
minute strigilloso vel glabrato supra late sulcato; lamina oblongo-
elliptica, papyracea, 20-22 cm. longa, 7.5-8.5 cm. lata, abrupte
angusteque acuminata, basi acuta vel obtusiuscula et leviter inae-
qualis, supra viridis, glabra vel ad costam prominentem sparse
puberula, nervis prominulis, subtus paullo pallidior, ad costam
gracilem elevatam breviter hirsuta et puberula, ad nervos sparse
puberula vel glabrata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 17, angulo
lato adscendentibus, gracilibus, prominentibus, arcuatis, juxta
marginem conjunctis, nervulis prominulis eleganter reticulatis;
inflorescentia 2.5 cm. longe pedunculata, thyrsoideo-paniculata,
dense multiflora, 7 cm. longa et 4 cm. lata, rhache fere glabra, ramulis
primariis vix 1 cm. longis divaricatis; bracteae caeruleae tenues
venosae late ovatae vel oblongo-ovatae, 1-1.8 cm. longae, acutae,
fere glabrae, persistentes; flores conferti, pedicellis ad 3 mm. longis;
hypanthium late turbinatum 1.2 mm. longum glabrum; calyx 3-4
mm. longus glaber fere ad basin 5-fidus, laciniis inaequalibus 3-4
mm. longis lineari-oblongis acutiusculis; corolla "caerulea," non
visa; fructus globosus caeruleus fere 5 mm. diam., leviter sulcatus,
costis obtusis. — Colombia: In forest, Miraflores, Palmira, Cordillera
Central, Dept. El Valle, alt. 1,800-2,100 m., May 27, 1922, Ellsworth
P. Killip 6139 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,140,583, type; duplicate in
Y).

Palicourea cyanantha must be a showy plant when in flower
because of the blue color of the whole inflorescence. Distinguishing
characters are the unusually long stipule lobes and the large bracts
of the inflorescence, which almost conceal the flowers.

Palicourea demissa, sp. nov. — Frutex vel arbor parva 2.5-6
m. alta, ramulis validis crassis obtuse tetragonis glabris, vetustioribus

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 129

ochraceis, internodiis brevibus; stipulae in vaginam laxam gla-
bram viridem persistentem 4-6 mm. longam et 4-9 mm. latam
connatae, vagina truncata in lobos 4 remotos oblongo-lineares
obtusos vel acutiusculos 3-5 mm. longos desinente; folia opposita,
petiolo 0.8-2 cm. longo gracili vel validiusculo supra sulcato; lamina
rigide herbacea, elliptica, rotundato-elliptica, oblongo-elliptica vel
rarius obovata, 9-14.5 cm. longa, 4-7.5 cm. lata, apice abrupte
breviterque, interdum brevissime, acuminata, rarius sensim acumi-
nata, acumine obtuso, basi acuta vel interdum obtusa, supra glabra,
costa neryisque subimpressis vel planis, subtus paullo pallidior, secus
costam hinc inde breviter pilosa vel fere omnino glabra, costa valida
elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere 11-16, elevatis, arcuatis,
angulo lato adscendentibus, juxta marginem laxe conjunctis, margine
paullo incrassato; panicula sessilis vel usque ad 7 cm. longe pedun-
culata, thyrsoidea, 7-10 cm. longa, 4-7 cm. lata, dense multiflora,
rhache percurrente, ramulis primariis validis adscendentibus vel
divaricatis glabris; bracteae ovatae vel lineari-lanceolatae, plerumque
2-3 mm. longae, infimis 7 mm. longis, acutae vel attenuatae, ciliolatae;
pedicelli validi 3-7 mm. longi; hypanthium turbinatum 2-2.5 mm.
longum glabrum; calyx 1.5-2 mm. longus 5-lobus, lobis inaequalibus
ovatis vel rotundatis acutis vel obtusis ciliolatis in sicco viridibus;
corolla lutea tubulosa extus glabra 12 mm. longa, tubo 2.5-3.5 mm.
lato, lobis oblongis obtusis 3 mm. longis intus minute papillosis;
stylus interdum exsertus; fructus purpureus vel nigrescens globosus
7-9 mm. diam., profunde sulcatus. — Colombia: Edge of woods,
vicinity of Loso, north of Toledo, Dept. Norte de Santander, alt.
2,200-2,400 m., March 6-7, 1927, E. P. Killip & Albert C. Smith
20393 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,355,444, type; duplicate in Y), 20472
(W, Y), 20388 (W, Y). Road from Pamplona to Toledo, Norte de
Santander, in dense forest, 2,800-3,000 m., Killip & Smith 20007
(W, Y), 19958 (W, Y), 19902 (W, Y). Eastern slope of Parana del
Hatico, Norte de Santander, edge of woods, 2,900 m., Killip &
Smith 20598 (W). Western slope of Paramo del Hatico, edge of
woods, 2,800-2,900 m., Killip & Smith 20728 (W, Y). Western
slope of Cerro San Vicente, near Charta, Santander, dense wet woods,
2,500-2,700 m., Killip & Smith 19070 (W, Y).

Palicourea demissa is related to P. vaginata Benth., but it differs
from that species in the large calyx and hypanthium and in the
longer and stouter corolla tube.

Palicourea densa, sp. nov. — Frutex 1.5-2.5 m. altus, ramulis
crassis acute quadrangularibus, novellis sparse pilosulis vel glabratis;
stipulae persistentes in vaginam glabram truncatam 7 mm. longam
connatae, vagina in lobos 4 lineares obtusos distantes glabros 10
mm. longos desinente; folia opposita, petiolo valido glabro vel
glabrato 2.5-3 cm. longo; lamina obovato-ovalis, c. 20 cm. longa
et 12 cm. lata, apice late rotundata et vix apiculata, basi acuta
vel prope basin abrupte angustata et breviter decurrens, firme
membranacea, supra viridis, glabra, costa et nervis prominulis,

130 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

subtus paullo pallidior, ad costam et nervos inconspicue adpresso-
pilosula vel glabrata, costa crassa elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque
latere c. 17, angulo lato divergentibus, gracilibus, subarcuatis,
prominentibus, in marginem desinentibus; inflorescentia violacea,
terminalis, 9.5 cm. longe pedunculata, spiciformis, 5.5 cm. longa et
3 cm. lata, densissime multiflora, pedunculo crasso sparse pilosulo
angulato, floribus in glomerulis densis sessilibus secus axem paniculae
glomeratis sessilibus vel subsessilibus, bracteis plerumque c. 1 cm.
longis, oblongis vel lanceolatis, acutis vel obtusis, sparse pilosulis
vel glabratis, ciliatis; hypanthium turbinatum 2 mm. longum dense
pilis fulvis adpresso-pilosum; calyx 5-fidus, laciniis oblongis 4-5 mm.
longis obtusis, sparse vel versus basin densius pilosulis vel glabratis;
corolla 10 mm. longa extus pilis crassis multicellularibus sparse vel
dense villosa, tubo crasso superne sensim dilatato ore fere 3 mm. lato,
basi paullo ampliato, intus paullo supra basin densissime barbato,
lobis 5 oblongis obtusis apice subcucullatis 2-2.5 mm. longis. —
Colombia: Pulperia, Prov. Antioquia, in forest shade, alt. 1,950
m., May, 1880, Kalbreyer 1685 (Herb. Kew., type).

Evidently a relative of the Colombian P. dorantha Wernham,
which differs in its short-acuminate leaves, large inflorescence, and
much larger corolla.

Palicourea dives, sp. nov. — Frutex 2-3-metralis, ramulis gra-
cilibus teretibus glabris, internodiis elongatis; stipulae in vaginam
glabram 3-4 mm. longam connatae, parte libera biloba, lobis 1.5-3
mm. longis, falcato-triangularibus, obtusis, sinu rotundato vel obtuso
sejunctis; folia opposita, petiolo gracili 1.5-2 cm. longo glabro;
lamina firme membranacea, oblongo-elliptica, 11-17 cm. longa, 5-7
cm. lata, abrupte longiacuminata, acumine angusto attenuate, basi
abrupte angustata et longe decurrens, supra viridis, minutissime
scaberula et asperula, costa subimpressa, nervis prominulis, subtus
pallidior, glabra, minute elevato-puncticulata, costa gracili elevata,
nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 26, gracillimis, angulo lato
adscendentibus, arcuatis, prominentibus, juxta marginem conjunctis,
nervulis arete reticulatis et subimpressis; inflorescentia terminalis,
11 cm. longe pedunculata, corymbosa, c. 5.5 cm. longa et 9 cm. lata,
dense multiflora, basi trichotoma, ramis curvo-divaricatis, glabris,
floribus congestis sessilibus; bracteae conspicuae, flores fere occul-
tantes, foliaceae, late oblongae vel ovales, 6-10 mm. longae, apice
obtusae vel rotundatae, glabrae, ut videtur coloratae, persistentes;
hypanthium late turbinatum glabrum; calyx c. 1.2 mm. longus
glaber, lobis late ovatis obtusis dorso subcarinatis; corolla caerulea
in alabastro 1 cm. longa, extus glabra, apice obtusa, tubo gracili
superne paullo dilatato ore 1.8 mm. lato, lobis oblongis 2.5 mm.
longis obtusis; fructus subglobosus 4-6 mm. longus, pyrenis dorso
obtuse costatis. — Colombia: Santa Rosa, October 24, 1876, Ed.
Andrk 4283 (Herb. Kew., type). Near Cugambe(?), May 23, 1876,
Andrt 8499 (K).

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 131

The species is a well-marked one because of the broad inflores-
cence with its very numerous large bracts.

Palicourea dorantha Wernh. Kew Bull. 1914: 69. 1914.

Type collected between Pitalito (Tolima) and Mocoa (Caqueta
District), Sprague 345. Rio Santa Rita, Caldas, in dense forest,
1,600-1,800 m., Killip & Hazen 8989 (W, G, Y). Santiago, Toro
734 (Y).

A small tree, sometimes 6 m. high, nearly glabrous; stipule
sheath up to 1 cm. long, deciduous, the lobes 1-2 cm. long; leaves
short-petiolate, thick, short-acuminate at the apex, acute at the
base, many-veined, pilose beneath along the veins; panicles large
and broad, pedunculate or sessile, dense, the branches spreading or
ascending, glabrous, the bracts small, lanceolate to ovate, acute;
calyx lobes rounded, imbricate, 2 mm. long; corolla blue, 2 cm.
long, broad, densely tomentose, the lobes short, rounded.

Palicourea effusa, sp. nov. — Arbor 6-7.5 cm. alta, ramulis
crassis, novellis acute quadrangularibus in sicco fuscis glabris,
internodiis c. 3 cm. longis; stipulae in vaginam 2 mm. longam
adpressam glabram connatae, vagina in lobos 4 remotos 2-3 mm.
longos triangulares acutos desinente; folia opposita, petiolo 8-15 mm.
longo glabro; lamina elliptico-ovalis vel late elliptica, 11.5-14.5 cm.
longa, 6-8.5 cm. lata, acuta vel breviter acuminata, basi acuta vel
obtusa, subcoriacea, marginata, supra lutescenti-viridis, glabra vel
ad costam prominentem sparse hirtella, nervis prominulis, nervulis
impressis, subtus pallidior, ubique subsparse hirtella, costa valida
elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 15, gracilibus, elevatis,
pallidis, angulo lato adscendentibus, arcuatis, nervulis prominentibus
pulchre reticulatis; inflorescentia sessilis late paniculata, basi
trichotoma, laxa, multiflora, 20 cm. longa, ramis primariis suberectis,
superipribus late adscendentibus, gracilibus, glabris vel sparse
hirtellis; bracteae anguste triangulares, 1-2 mm. longae, acuminatae,
glabrae, ciliolatae; flores pedicellati, pedicellis rectis glabris 1-4 mm.
longis apice explanatis; hypanthium turbinatum 1-1.2 mm. longum
glabrum; calyx 0.5 mm. longus profunde 5-lobus, lobis late ovatis
acutis glabris; corolla alba extus glabra tubulosa 13 mm. longa, tubo
gracili basi paullo ampliato, fauce 2.2 mm. lato, lobis oblongis
obtusis 2 mm. longis. — Colombia: Edge of woods, eastern slope of
Paramo del Hatico, between Toledo and Pamplona, Dept. Norte de
Santander, alt. 2,200 m., March 12, 1927, E. P. Killip & Albert C.
Smith 20562 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,355,591, type; duplicate in Y).

Evidently this plant is related to P. lineariflora Wernh., but it
differs from that species in the conspicuously pubescent leaves and
short corolla. The dilation of the apex of the pedicel, under the
hypanthium, also is a character worthy of mention. In the genus
Palicourea the hypanthium usually is jointed with the pedicel, but
the joint between the two is very inconspicuous.

132 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Palicourea fastigiata HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 368. 1820. P.
riparia Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 224. 1841.

Quindio to San Juan, Andre K.I 120 (F, Y). Buga, Andre 2457
(Y). Norosi to Tiquisio, Bolivar, 150-600 m., Curran 158 (W). La
Paila, Cauca, Holton 426 (K, P, Y). Without locality, Triana 1641
(K). Widely distributed in tropical America.

A nearly glabrous shrub or small tree, sometimes 6 m. high,
with a trunk 7.5 cm. in diameter; stipules 5 mm. long or less, bifid,
the lobes broad, obtuse or acute; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-
elliptic to ovate-oblong, medium-sized, thin, acuminate at the apex,
usually acute at the base, glabrous; inflorescence cymose-corymbose,
long-pedunculate, dense, many-flowered, the branches ascending or
erect, usually puberulent, the bracts minute; flowers slender-pedi-
cellate; calyx lobes minute, ovate or rounded ; corolla yellow, glabrous,
8-10 mm. long, tubular; fruit 4-5 mm. long, purple-black.

Palicourea guianensis Aubl. PI. Guian. 1: 173. pi. 66. 1775.

Don Amo, 750 m., H. H. Smith 2084 (F, W, G, M, P, Y). Cuatro
Esquinas, Cauca, 1,700 m., Pennell & Killip 6322 (W). Cisneros,
Toro 1023 (Y). Highlands of Popayan, 1,600-2,000 m., Lehmann
B.T.515 (F, G, K, Y). Juntas, Cauca, 200-1,000 m., Lehmann 5114
(F, K). Without locality, Triana 1662 (K). Antioquia, Jervise (K).
Widely distributed in tropical America.

A nearly glabrous shrub or small tree; stipules 8-10 mm. long,
biparted, the lobes lanceolate or ovate, obtuse; leaves short-pet-
iolate, large, thin, elliptic-oblong to ovate or elliptic, acuminate at
the apex, acute to nearly rounded at the base, glabrous or nearly
so; panicles large, dense, many-flowered, thyrsoid or pyramidal,
the branches ascending or spreading, glabrous or puberulent, the
bracts subulate, inconspicuous; flowers pedicellate; calyx lobes
minute, deloid, acute or obtuse; corolla yellow or orange-red, 10-18
mm. long, usually densely furfuraceous-tomentose; fruit ovoid, 4-5
mm. long.

Palicourea heterantha Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18:
141. 1916.

Headwaters of the Rio Lopez, Rio Palo Basin, Cauca, at 2,500-
3,000 m., Pittier 1098 (W, type).

Young branches villous; stipule sheath loose, 5-7 mm. long, the
lobes linear, as long as the sheath; leaves long-petiolate, elliptic or
obovate-elliptic, 8-13 cm. long, 5-7 cm. wide, rounded at the apex
and shortly produced, acute at the base, thick, pilose beneath along
the veins; panicle pedunculate, thyrsoid, 5-6 cm. long, many-flowered,
the branches spreading, pilose, the bracts lanceolate, 3-8 mm. long;
calyx lobes ovate, obtuse; corolla ovoid-urceolate, 10-12 mm. long,
5-6 mm. wide below, glabrous.

Palicourea heterochroma Schum. & Krause, Bot. Jahrb.
Engler 40: 335. 1908.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 133

In open forest near Popaydn, Cauca, 1,600-1,800 m., Lehmann
2830 (W, type collection). Rio Ortega, Cauca, 1,500-1,700 m.,
Pennell & Killip 7250 (W, Y). Coconuco to Popayan, Cauca, 2,000-
2,500 m., Killip 6894 (W, G, Y). Rio Pilat6n, 1,500 m., Andre
3712 (K, Y). Cuatro Esquinas, Cauca, 1,700 m., Pennell & Killip
6345 (W). RioNembi,Andre3431 (K). Barbacoas, Triana3151 (K).

A shrub or small tree, nearly glabrous; stipule sheath 7-8 mm.
long, the lobes lance-subulate, of equal length; leaves petiolate,
subcoriaceous, oblong to oval-obovate, large, acute or abruptly
short-acuminate, at base acute or subobtuse, glabrous or nearly so;
panicles pedunculate, usually about 12 cm. long and nearly as broad,
the branches stout, spreading or ascending, glabrous or sparsely
puberulent, the bracts large, lanceolate; flowers short-pedicellate;
calyx 6-8 mm. long, the lobes lance-triangular, acute; corolla pink
or purple, 2 cm. long, glabrous, the lobes acute.

Palicourea hypomalaca, sp. noy. — Ramuli crassiusculi sub-
teretes in sicco fusco-olivacei, puberuli, internodiis 4.5-7 cm. longis;
stipulae 5-7 mm. longae, breviter connatae, profunde lobatae,
puberulae, lobis rotundatis; folia opposita, petiolo crasso 1-1.8 cm.
longo dense puberulo vel hirtello; lamina subcoriacea, ovato-oblonga
vel lanceolato-oblonga, 14-17 cm. longa, 5-6 cm. lata, longe angus-
teque acuminata, basi acuta, supra lutescens, minute puberula vel
ad costam prominentem breviter hirtella, nervis prominulis, subtus
dense velutino-pubescens, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere c. 17, gracilibus, prominentibus, angulo lato diver-
gentibus, leviter arcuatis, prope marginem arcuato-conjunctis, nervis
transversis prominulis; inflorescentia 9-10 cm. longe pedunculata,
pyramidali-paniculata, laxe multiflora, 10-12 cm. longa, 8-9 cm.
fata, ramulis primariis validis compressis vel angulatis adscendentibus
dense hirtellis; bracteae anguste triangulares 1-3 mm. longae acumi-
natae puberulae; flores pedicellati, pedicellis crassis hirtellis 2-7 mm.
longis; hypanthium oblongum 1-1.5 mm. longum puberulum; calyx
2 mm. longus, 0.5 mm. latus, subrotatus, brevissime obscureque
lobatus, lobis late rotundatis extus puberulis; corolla tubulosa 14
mm. longa extus papillosa, tubo basi valde ampliato, superne
sensim dilatato, fauce 4 mm. lato, lobis late ovatis obtusis fere 2
mm. longis; antherae inclusae lineares 3-3.5 mm. longae. — Colombia:
Forests of Rio Timbiqui, in 1899, F. C. Lehmann 9003 (Gray Herb.,
type; duplicates in K and Y). Highlands of Popayan, 1,600-2,000
m., Lehmann 7935 (W, K).

The plant is related to P. guianensis Aubl., but is well differ-
entiated by the abundant soft pubescence of the narrower leaves.

Palicourea ipnantha, sp. nov. — Arbor, ramulis gracilibus
glabris, vetustioribus teretibus ochraceis vel griseis, internodiis
elongatis; stipulae in vaginam 2-3.5 mm. longam glabram truncatam
connatae, vagina in lobos 4 remotos triangulari-oblongos 1.5-2 mm.
longos obtusos erectos desinente; folia opposita, petiolo gracili 3-10

134 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

mm. longo supra sulcato glabro; lamina lanceolato-oblonga vel
elliptico-oblonga, 4-7 cm. longa, 1.2-3 cm. lata, sensim acuminata,
apice ipso obtuso, basi acuta, subcoriacea, supra viridis, ad costam
prominentem sparse adpresso-pilosula vel glabrata, nervis lateralibus
manifestis sed vix elevatis, subtus pallidior, ad nervos minute et
subadpresse pilosula, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utrpque
latere c. 13, gracilibus, prominentibus, angulo lato adscendentibus,
valde arcuatis, marginem attingentibus, nervulis prominulis reti-
culatis; inflorescentia sessilis vel breviter pedunculata, dense multi-
flora, paniculata, basi trichotoma, 4-7 cm. longa, 2-5.5 cm. lata,
ramis primariis adscendentibus sparse minuteque puberulis; bracteae
lanceolatae vel subulatae 1-2.5 mm. longae glabrae ciliolatae; flores
conferti, pedicellis crassis 1-2 mm. longis; hypanthium turbinatum
1.5 mm. longum glabrum; calyx 2-2.5 mm. longus profunde 5-lobus
glaber, lobis late oblongis apice rotundatis vel obtusis interdum
ciliolatis; corolla purpurep-violacea, tubulosa, 13-20 mm. longa,
extus glabra, tubo gracili basi paullo ampliato, superne sensim
dilatato, fauce 3-4 mm. lato, lobis oblpngo-triangularibus obtusis
2-4 mm. longis; antherae lineares semiexsertae; fructus ovoideus
5-6 mm. longus glaber sulcatus, costis obtusis. — Colombia: In
forest, El Penon, southwest of Sibate", Dept. Cundinamarca, alt.
2,800-2,900 m., October 13, 1917, Francis W. Pennell 2424 (U. S.
Nat. Herb. No. 1,042,291, type; duplicate in. Y), 2394 (Y). In dense
forest between Sibate" and Fusagasuga, Cundinamarca, 2,400-2,900
m., March, 1892, Lehmann K.I 40 (K).

The sheet of Pennell 2394 in the herbarium of the New York
Botanical Garden bears an annotation to the effect that it was
compared at Kew in September, 1920, and found to be P. popaya-
nensis Benth., equaling " Hartweg 1055." The type of P. popayanen-
sis, however, is Hartweg 1058, and No. 1055 is listed (PI. Hartw.
192. 1845) as Gonzaka pulveruknta H. & B. The plant here described
does not agree in various details with Bentham's description, and
I can not believe that P. ionantha belongs to that species. The
leaves of P. popayanensis are described as appreciably larger, and
the corolla as orange-colored.

Palicourea justicioides, sp. nov. — Frutex vel arbor parva,
ramulis gracilibus subteretibus vel obtuse tetragonis dense fulvo-
pilosis vel glabratis, internodiis brevibus; stipulae in vaginam 4-6
mm. longam truncatam dense pilosam connatae, vagina in lobos 4
remotos lineari-subulatos 4-7 mm. longps erectos breviter pilosos
desinente; folia opposita, petiolo gracili 1.3-2.5 cm. longo dense
piloso; lamina anguste elliptico-oblonga vel ovato-oblonga, 13-17
cm. longa, 4-5.5 cm. lata, longe angusteque acuminata, basi acuta,
crasse membranacea, supra viridis, undique breviter pilosa, nervis
vix elevatis, subtus paullo pallidior, dense breviterque pilosa, costa
crassiuscula elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 15, angulo

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 135

lato adscendentibus, gracilibus, elevatis, arcuatis, marginem attin-
gentibus, nervulis prominulis nervos parallele conjungentibus;
inflqrescentia 3-5.5 cm. longe pedunculata, trichotoma, anguste
paniculata, c. 11 cm. longa et 6 cm. lata, interdum foliaceo-bracteata,
ramulis adscendentibus dense pilosis; bracteae virides, infimis lineari-
bus et 1.5 cm. longis, superioribus oyatis acutis 3-5 mm. longis dense
pilosis; flores congesti vel subspicati sessiles; hypanthium 1.5-2 mm.
longum densissime albido-pilosum; calyx campanulatus 4 mm. longus
extus pilosus ad medium 5-lobus, lobis late triangularibus acutis;
corolla infundibuliformis extus dense longipilosa 16-18 mm. longa,
superne sensim dilatata, fauce 6 mm. lata, lobis oblongo-oyatis
acutiusculis 2.5 mm. longis; stylus exsertus. — Colombia: Titiribi,
June 30, 1928, Rafael A. Toro 1198 (Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard., type).
Concordia, Antioquia, forest border, 1,800 m., Kalbreyer 1519 (K).
"Colombia," Lobb 27 (K).— Ecuador: Andes, 1,800-2,100 m., Pearce
(K).

This species does not appear to be closely related to any of
those described previously from Colombia. It is distinguished
particularly by the abundant pubescence, the large calyx of dis-
tinctive form, and the very broad corolla clothed with long shaggy
pubescence.

Kalbreyer describes the plant as a shrub of 1.5-2 m., with light
blue inflorescence and blue corolla.

Palicourea Kalbreyeri, sp. nov. — Frutex 2-2.5 m. altus,
ramulis gracilibus subteretibus glabris viridibus, internodiis 3.5-6.5
cm. longis; stipulae persistentes, erectae, 9-11 mm. longae, glabrae,
basi breviter connatae, apice bifidae, laciniis c. 6 mm. longis acutis
ciliatis; folia opposita, petiolo 8-14 mm. longo valido glabro; lamina
oblonga, anguste oblonga vel lanceolato-oblonga, 9-14 cm. longa,
3-4.5 cm. lata, subcoriacea, longiacuminata, acumine attenuate
angusto, basi acuta, supra luteo-viridis, ad costam elevatam sparse
pilosa vel fere glabra, nervis prominentibus, subtus fere concolor,
ad costam elevatam et nervos sparse pilis longiusculis debilibus1
pallidis pilosa vel glabrata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 15,
gracilibus, prominentibus, angulo latp adscendentibus, valde arcuatis,
in marginem desinentibus, nervulis prominulis arete reticulatis,
margine saepe revoluto; inflorescentia terminalis vel pseudo-termi-
nalis, recurva, lutea, 5.5-7 cm. longe pedunculata, thyrsoideo-
paniculata, laxe multiflora, 10-12 cm. longa, 7-8 cm. lata, pedunculo
valido hince inde piloso, ramis oppositis gracilibus, angulo recto
divaricatis vel interdum subreflexis, sparse pilosis, floribus subcon-
gestis, sessilibus vel pedicellatis, pedicellis usque ad 2 mm. longis,
bracteis linearibus vel subulatis attenuatis 2-6 mm. longis sparse
puberulis vel glabratis; hypanthium obovoideum glabrum 0.6 mm.
longum; calyx glaber 0.7 mm. longus 5-fidus, laciniis triangularibus
acutis; corolla lutea 6 mm. longa, in alabastrp apice late obtusa,
extus glabra, tubo cylindrico, basi paullo ampliato, ore fere 2 mm.

136 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

lato. — Colombia: San Jose", Prov. Antioquia, in 1880, Kalbreyer
1619 (Herb. Kew., type).

Noteworthy for the combination of narrow, nearly glabrous
leaves, large lax panicles, and very small corollas.

Palicourea Killipii, sp. nov. — Arbor, ramulis gracilibus teretibus
laevibus glabris in sicco fuscis vel olivaceis, vetustioribus obtuse
tetragonis; stipulae in vaginam glabram 5-7 mm. longam truncatam
apice ciliolatam connatae, vagina in lobos 4 remotos anguste lineares
attenuates erectos 5-7 mm. longos desinente; folia opposita, petiolo
gracili 1-4 cm. longo glabro; lamina elliptico-oblonga vel anguste
elliptica, rarius ovata, 11-32 cm. longa, 4-12 cm. lata, longiacuminata,
basi acuta vel attenuata, crasse papyracea, supra glabra vel tantum
ad costam puberula, costa prominente, neryis manifestis sed vix
elevatis, utrinque rhaphidibus minutis pallidis conspersa, subtus
paullo pallidior, secus nervos minute puberula vel glabrata, costa
gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere 17-25, angulo lato
adscendentibus, gracilibus, prominentibus, valde arcuatis, marginem
attingentibus, nervulis conspicuis prominulis reticulatis; inflores-
centia purpurea thyrsoideo-paniculata, sessilis vel 2-5.5 cm. longe
pedunculate, laxe multiflora, 7-13 cm. longa, 8-10 cm. lata, ramulis
adscendentibus vel divaricatis glabris; bracteae lineares glabrae 7-12
mm. longae persistentes; flores pedicellati, pedicellis 5-18 mm.
longis; hypanthium late cylindricum 2-2.5 mm. longum glabrum;
calyx 5-partitus glaber, lobis linearibus 7-15 mm. longis, 1.5-2 mm.
latis, attenuatis, glabris; corolla purpurea tubulosa extus glabra 22
mm. longa, 3-5 mm. lata, basi ampliata, lobis late triangularibus
obtusis 2.5 mm. longis erectis; stylus inclusus; fructus globosus 5-6
mm. longus glaber profunde sulcatus, costis acutis. — Colombia: In
forest, La Gallera, Micay Valley, Dept. El Cauca, alt. 1,400-1,500
m., June 29-30, 1922, Ellsworth P. Killip 7694 (U. S. Nat. Herb.
No. 1,140,620, type; duplicates in G and Y); alt. 1,900-2,000 m.,
Killip 7983 (W, G, Y); alt. 2,000-2,200 m., Killip 79^5 (W).

A well-marked species, not closely related to any other. It is
noteworthy for the large corolla and especially for the very long
and narrow calyx lobes.

Palicourea Lehmannii (Schum.), comb. nov. RudgeaLehmannii
Schum. in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 46: 116. 1891, nomen; Bot. Jahrb. Engler
40: 342. 1908.

Western cordillera of Cali, Cauca, 2,000 m., Lehmann 2989 (W,
type collection). In forest, La Cumbre, El Valle, 1,700-2,100 m.,
Killip & Hazen 11124 (W, G, Y); at 1,800-2,200 m., Killip 5583
(W, G, K, P, Y).

A small tree, the branchlets glabrous; stipule sheath 2 mm. long,
the lobes ovate- triangular, obtuse, 2 mm. long; leaves short-petiolate,
elliptic-oblong or lance-oblong, 11-19 cm. long, narrowly long-
acuminate, at the base acute or obtuse, glabrous; inflorescence

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 137

sessile, trichotomous, broadly paniculate, laxly many-flowered, 11-16
cm. long, the branchlets glabrous, the flowers pedicellate; calyx
lobes rounded or broadly ovate and obtuse; corolla purple, glabrous,
the tube 3 cm. long, the lobes 4 mm. long, bearing at the apex a
dorsal hornlike appendage 3-4 mm. long; fruit subglobose, 5-6 mm.
long, glabrous.

Although referred by Schumann to the genus Rudgea, I see no
reason for excluding this plant from Palicourea. The long appendages
of the corolla lobes are very unusual in Palicourea, it is true, but
they would be exceptional also in Rudgea, and the stipules are quite
unlike those found in the latter genus.

Palicourea leuconeura, sp. nov. — Frutex vel arbor parva,
ramulis gracilibus teretibus glabris lutescenti-viridibus glabris
laevibus; stipulae persistentes in vaginam 2-2.5 mm. longam viridem
glabram adpressam truncatam connatae, vagina in lobos 4 remotos
triangulares vel oblongos acutos erectos desinente; folia opposita,
petiolo gracili 5-18 mm. longo supra sulcato glabro; lamina lanceo-
lato-oblonga, ovato-oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga, 6-16 cm. longa,
2-2.5 cm. lata, longe angusteque acuminata, basi acuta et saepe
inaequalis, subcoriacea vel crasse papyracea, glabra, supra lutescenti-
viridis, costa nervisque prominentibus, subtus pallidior, costa gracili
elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere 12-15, angulo lato acutove
adscendentibus, gracilibus, eleyatis, pallidis, arcuatis, marginem
attingentibus, nervulis prominulis eleganter reticulatis; inflorescentia
sessilis vel 1.5-4 cm. longe pedunculata, late paniculata vel corym-
boso-paniculata, basi trichqtoma, laxe vel dense multiflora, 4-7 cm.
longa, 4-11 cm. lata, ramulis divaricatis vel adscendentibus, graci-
libus, puberulis vel glabratis; bracteae anguste triangulares vel
lineares, 1-4 mm. longae, inconspicuae, glabrae, ciliolatae; flores
pedicellati, pedicellis 1-5 mm. longis gracilibus superne vix incras-
satis; hypanthium late turbinatum 1-1.5 mm. longum glabrum;
calyx 0.5 mm. longus, lobis minutis, late triangularibus vel ovatis,
obtusis vel acutis; corolla alba vel viridescenti-alba, extus glabra
vel minute puberula, tubuloso-infundibuliformis, 7 mm. longa, tubo
basi ampliato, superne paullo dilatato, fauce 1.5-2 mm. lato, lobis
oblongis obtusis 2 mm. longis; antherae inclusae; stylus interdum
exsertus; fructus subglobosus glaber purpureo-niger 4-5 mm. longus
sulcatus, costis obtusis.— Colombia: Mountain forest above Val-
paraiso, region of Santa Marta, alt. 1,500 m., May 27, 1899, H. H.
Smith 1822 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 138,670, type; duplicates in W,
G, M, P, Y); at 1,350 m., H. H. Smith 1827 (Y), 1823 (Y). Cali-
fornia, Santander, 3,000 m., open woods, Killip & Smith 16909
(W, Y). Above Surata, Santander, dense forest, Killip & Smith
16583 (W, Y). La Baja, Santander, in dense forest, 3,000 m., Killip
& Smith 18337 (W, Y); at 2,700 m., in thicket, Killip & Smith
18327 (W, Y). Toledo, Norte de Santander, open hillside, 1,700-
1,900 m., Ktilip & Smith 20047 (W, Y), 20087 (W, Y). Wooded

138 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

banks of Rio La Baja, Santander, 2,200 m., Killip & Smith 18281
(W, Y). Ocana, 1,800 m., ScMim 664 (K).

This plant is related to the Venezuelan P. apicata HBK., differing
from it in the much shorter stipules.

Palicourea libana, sp. nov. — Arbor, ramulis crassiusculis obtuse
tetragonis, novellis dense tomentosis, vetustioribus ferrugineis
glabratis; stipulae in vaginam 2.5-3 mm. longam tqmentosam
truncatam connatae, vagina in lobos 4 remotos lineari-subulatos
erectos 2.5-3.5 mm. longos desinente; folia opposita, petiolo gracili
1 cm. longo dense hirtello; lamina elliptica vel elliptico-oblonga,
c. 12 cm. longa et 5.5 cm. lata, apice abrupte breviterque acuminata,
basi acuta et subobliqua, crasse membranacea, supra sublucida,
glabra vel ad costam sparse puberula, nervis non elevatis, subtus
pallidior, ubique dense molliterque pubescens, costa gracili elevata,
nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 12, angulo lato adscendentibus,
gracilibus, arcuatis, prominulis, juxta marginem conjunctis, neryulis
inconspicuis; inflorescentia 3-3.5 cm. longe pedunculata, pyramidali-
paniculata, dense multiflora, basi trichotoma, 9-14 cm. longa, 7-10
cm. lata, ramulis adscendentibus tomentosis crassiusculis; bracteae
ovatae vel lanceolatae, acuminatae, 2-4 mm. longae, extus tomen-
tosae; flores conferti sessiles vel pedicellis crassis 1-3 mm. longis
stipati; hypanthium late turbinatum 2 mm. longum dense tomen-
tosum; calyx 1 mm. longus extus tomentosus, lobis brevibus rotun-
datis; corolla alba tubuloso-infundibuliformis 18 mm. longa extus
dense tomentosa, tubo superne sensim dilatato, fauce 4 mm. lato,
lobis oblongis acutis 2.5-3 mm. longis; fructus subglobosus 5 mm.
longus sulcatus tomentosus, costis obtusis. — Colombia: Libano,
Dept. Tolima, in forest, alt. 1,100-1,300 m., December 26-29, 1917,
Francis W. Pennell 3434 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,042,825, type;
duplicate in Y).

Related to P. justicioides Standl., but in that species the bracts
are large and often foliaceous, the calyx is several times as large,
and the corolla much broader.

Palicourea Lindenii, sp. nov. — Ramuli crassiusculi, teretes vel
obtuse tetragoni, glabri, brunnescentes, internodiis 3-5.5 cm. longis;
stipulae persistentes in vaginam 8 mm. longam amplam glabram
truncatam connatae, vagina in lacinias 4 remotas lineares glabras
obtusas 10-12 mm. longas desinente; folia opposita, petiolo cras-
siusculo 10-12 mm. longo glabro; lamina oblonga, 8-15 cm. longa,
3-6 cm. lata, acuta vel obtusa et abrupte breviterque acuminata,
acumine triangulari acuto, basi acuta vel subobttfsa et saepe inae-
qualis, subcoriacea, supra yiridis, ad costam elevatam sparse pilosa,
aliter glabra, nervis prominulis, subtus paullo pallidior, ad nervos
pilis debilibus longiusculis sparse pilosa, costa gracili elevata, nervis
lateralibus utroque latere c. 14, angulo lato adscendentibus, promi-
nentibus, gracilibus, arcuatis, marginem attingentibus, nervulis

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 139

prominentibus arete reticulatis, margine saepe anguste revoluto;
inflorescentia terminalis sessilis vel 5.5 cm. longe pedunculata, late
thyrsoideo-paniculata, dense multiflora, 8-10 cm. longa et aequilata,
basi trichotoma, ramis validis divaricatis vel angulo lato adscen-
dentibus saepe angulatis glabris, floribus plerumque pedicellatis,
pedicellis crassis 2-3 mm. longis, bracteis oblongis vel lanceolatis
2-10 mm. longis obtusis vel acutis glabris; hypanthium glabrum late
turbinatum 1-1.3 mm. longum; calyx 2-2.5 mm. longus glaber,
laciniis ovalibus vel oblongo-pvatis obtusis inaequalibus; corolla
fere 2 cm. longa, tubo cylindrico basi paullo ampliato superne vix
dilatato ore 2.5 mm. lato, lobis ovato-oblongis suberectis obtusis 2
mm., longis. — Colombia: "New Granada," in 1842, Linden 1079
(Herb. Kew., type).

The plant is marked by the very long stipule lobes. It is repre-
sented by two sheets in the Kew herbarium.

Palicourea lineariflora Wernh. Journ. Bot. 55: 280. 1917.

Llano de San Martin, 440 m., Triana 1639 (K, type collection),
77 (K). Facatativa, Cundinamarca, 2,600 m., Lehmann 2578 (F,
W). Pradera, Cundinamarca, 2,600-3,000 m., Lehmann 7516 (F,
K). Usaque*n, 2,400 m., Apollinaire & Arthur 101 (W); Ariste-
Joseph B39 (W). Nemoc6n, Ariste-Joseph B99 (W). Chapinero,
Cundinamarca, 2,700 m., Pennell 2041 (W, G, M, Y). Misiones,
Cundinamarca, Dawe 50 (W, K). Mountains near Bogota, Holton
422 (G, K, P, Y). Quebrada de la Vieja, Ariste-Joseph A884 (W).
Facatativd, Ariste-Joseph A191 (F, W). Zocancipd, Cundinamarca,
Ariste-Joseph B50 (W). Boquer6n de Bogotd, 2,750 m., Andre 716
(K, Y). Mountains of Usaqu&i, in 1917, Ariste-Joseph (W). Tequen-
dama, January, 1923, Ariste-Joseph (W). Without locality, Ariste-
Joseph B40 (W). Facatativa, 2,600 m., Lehmann 2578 (K). Bogota,
Turner (K). Without locality, Linden 1301 (K).

A glabrous shrub or small tree; stipules 5-6 mm. long, the lobes
lanceolate, acute, shorter than the tube; leaves petiolate, subcori-
aceous, elliptic, acute or obtuse at each end, 5-12 cm. long, 2.5-6.5
cm. wide; inflorescence pedunculate or sessile, corymbose, usually
as broad as long, lax, many-flowered, the branches curved-ascending,
slender, the bracts minute; flowers pedicellate; calyx minute, the
lobes ovate, acutish; corolla slender, glabrous, yellowish or whitish,
1.5-2 cm. long or even longer; fruit subglobose, 5 mm. long.

Palicourea longifolia HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 369. 1820.
Psychotria longifolia Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 745. 1825.

Type from Santa Ana, Bonpkmd.

Branches glabrous; stipules caducous; leaves opposite, petiolate,
lance-oblong, acuminate at the apex, acute at the base, membrana-
ceous, glabrous, paler beneath; inflorescence paniculate, sessile, 15-20
cm. long, the branches spreading, glabrous, the bracts subulate;
flowers solitary, pedicellate; calyx glabrous; corolla glabrate.

140 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

If the stipules really are caducous, as described, the plant is
scarcely a Palicourea, but perhaps rather a Psychotria.

Palicourea longistipulata (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Psycho-
trio, longistipulata Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 248. 1881.

Type from San Carlos on the Rio Negro, Spruce 3697.

Branchlets sparsely puberulent; stipules 12 mm. long, the lobes
linear-subulate; leaves short-petiolate, broadly lanceolate, 6-18 cm.
long, cuspidate, acute at the base, rigidly membranaceous, villosulous
above along the veins, pubescent beneath; inflorescence corymbose,
umbelliform, pedunculate, fulvous-pubescent; calyx shallowly 5-lobed,
the lobes rounded-obtuse; corolla 8 mm. long, fulvous-villosulous;
fruit oblong-ellipsoid, hispidulous, 5 mm. long.

Palicourea lugubris Schum. & Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 40:
337. 1908.

Timbiqui, Lehmann 9017 (F, G, K, Y), B.T.755 (Y). Also in
Ecuador.

A nearly glabrous shrub; stipules 7-8 mm. long, bifid nearly
to the base, the lobes lance-oblong, acute; leaves short-petiolate,
thin, blackish when dried, elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 8-17
cm. long, 4-6 cm. wide, long-acuminate at the apex, cuneately acute
at the base, glabrous; inflorescence pedunculate or sessile, cymose-
corymbose, small, dense, the branches ascending, puberulent, the
bracts linear; flowers short-pedicellate; calyx lobes linear-oblong,
acute; corolla 8-10 mm. long, sparsely puberulent or glabrous; fruit
4 mm. long.

Palicourea lutulenta, sp. nov. — Frutex yel arbor 1-6-metralis,
ramulis validis obtuse tetragonis vel subteretibus, junioribus dense
villoso-tomentosis, tomento fulvo vel ochraceo, vetustioribus
sordide ochraceis; stipulae in yaginam laxam 6-8 mm. longam et
5-8 mm. latam incrassatam primo dense villoso-tomentosam con-
natae, vagina truncata in lobos 4 lineares 4-5 mm. longos acutos
desinente; folia opposita, petiolo crasso 1-2 cm. longo supra sulcato
dense villoso-hispidulo; lamina oblongo-elliptica yel oblongo-oyalis,
8-15 cm. longa, 4-7.5 cm. lata, apice abrupte breviterque acuminata
vel rarius obtusa, basi acuta vel obtusa, subcoriacea, in sicco
lutescens, distincte marginata, supra tantum ad costam villosula,
subtus pilis fulvis nitidis undique molliter pilosula, costa valida
elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere 11-13, prominentibus,
angulo lato adscendentibus, yalde arcuatis, marginem attingentibus,
nervulis prominulis irregulariter reticulatis; panicula plerumque 1-3
cm. longe pedunculata, thyrsoideo-pyramidalis, 5-14 cm. longa, 6-7
cm. lata, dense multiflora, rhachi percurrente, ramulis primariis
crassis, divaricatis vel adscendentibus, dense et sordide hirtellis;
bracteae lanceolatae vel lineares, 2.5-15 mm. longae yel longiores,
ciliatae et plerumque hirtellae, persistentes; flores sessiles vel pedi-

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 141

cellis brevibus crassis stipati; hypanthium turbinatum 2 mm.
longum sparse vel dense pilis lutescentibus hirtellum; calyx 1-1.8
mm. longus 5-lobus, viridis vel lutescens, lobis inaequalibus, ovatis
vel rotundato-ovatis, acutis vel obtusis, hirtellis vel tantum ciliatis;
corolla tubulosa lutea vel viridescens 11 mm. longa, extus dense
pilis luteis villosula vel glabrata, tubo crasso fauce fere 4 mm. lato,
lobis oblongo-ovatis 2 mm. longis obtusis erectis; stylus inclusus;
fructus globosus glaber 6-8 mm. longus profunde sulcatus, costis
obtusis. — Colombia: Western slope of Paramo Rico, Dept. San-
tander, in woods, alt. 3,000-3,600 m., January 15-19, 1927, E. P.
Killip & Albert C. Smith 17209 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,352,841,
type; duplicate in Y). Western slope of Paramo de las Puentes,
above La Baja, Santander, 3,300 m., in oak forest, Killip & Smith
18167 (W, Y). California, Santander, open hillside, 3,000 m., Killip
& Smith 16930 (W, Y). La Baja, Santander, in oak forest, 3,500
m., Killip & Smith 18079 (W, Y). Quebrada de Pais, north of La
Baja, Santander, 3,200 m., in dense forest, Killip & Smith 1877 If
(W, Y). Las Vegas, Santander, in woods, 2,600-3,000 m., Killip
& Smith 16119 (W), 16189 (W).

This is a relative of P. demissa Standl., but it is easily distin-
guished from that species by the abundant pubescence of all parts
of the plant.

Palicourea lyristipula Wernh. Journ. Bot. 55: 339. 1917.

Without locality, Linden 1081 (K). This is one of the two
collections cited in the original description, the other being Triana
ISO.

Branches quadrangular, densely pubescent; stipules 13 mm.
long, the lobes lanceolate, acute, scarcely equaling the sheath;
leaves petiolate, firm-chartaceous, obovate or elliptic, subacu-
minate, narrowed to the base, 9-17 cm. long, 5-8 cm. wide, pubescent
beneath on the nerves; inflorescence thyrsoid-paniculate, 20 cm.
long and 7 cm. broad, lax, many-flowered, the rachis glabrate, the
bracts subsetaceous, small and inconspicuous; flowers mostly
pedicellate; calyx lobes oblong-lanceolate, obtuse; corolla glabrous,
the tube 12 mm. long, the lobes 2 mm. long, obtuse.

Palicourea macrobotrys (R. & P.) R. & S. Syst. Veg. 5: 194.
1819. Psychotria macrobotrys R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 2: 57. pi. 203, f. a.
1799.

Salento, Caldas, in forest, 2,100-2,500 m., Pennell 8873 (W, G,
Y). Antioquia, Jervise (K). Ranging to Bolivia and Brazil.

A shrub, the branches densely pubescent; stipule sheath 4 mm.
long or less, truncate, the lobes subulate, usually longer than the
sheath; leaves short-petiolate, lance-oblong or narrowly elliptic-
oblong, thin, long-acuminate at the apex, acute at the base, finely
soft-pubescent beneath over the whole surface; inflorescence thyr-
soid, pedunculate or sessile, much elongate and narrow, spikelike,

142 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VII

the branches very short, the bracts linear, inconspicuous; flowers
pedicellate; calyx minute, broadly ovate, acute; corolla yellow,
tubular, about 1 cm. long, pubescent; fruit 3.5-4 mm. long.

Palicourea myriantha, sp. nov. — Frutex, ramulis crassis
obtuse tetragonis minutissime puberulis vel glabratis in sicco fuscis;
stipulae 12-17 mm. longae, breviter connatae, extus puberulae, fere
ad medium bilobae, lobis ovato-oblongis apice obtusis vel rotundatis
persistentibus; folia opposita, petiolo crasso 2.5-7.5 cm. longo supra
sulcato puberulo vel glabrato; lamina crasse papyracea, elliptico-
ovalis vel obovato-ovalis, 16-32 cm. longa, 8-19 cm. lata, apice
rotundata vel obtusa et brevissime obtuseque protracta, basi acuta
vel rotundata et abrupte contracta, supra viridis, glabra vel ad
costam prominentem sparse hirtella, nervis manifestos sed vix
prominentibus, subtus paullo pallidior, ubique molliter pubescens,
costa valida elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 20, gracilibus,
prominentibus, angulo lato adscendentibus, arcuatis, prope marginem
arcuato-conjunctis; inflorescentia 2-6.5 cm. longe pedunculata,
pyramidali-paniculata vel thyrsoideo-paniculata, dense multiflora,
11-24 cm. longa, 5-19 cm. lata, ramulis primariis divaricatis validis
dense puberulis; bracteae ovatae vel late oblongae, obtusae, 2-6
mm. longae, tomentellae; flores sparsi pedicellati, pedicellis 2-4
mm. longis hirtellis apice incrassatis; hypanthium late turbinatum
1.5 mm. longum sparse puberulum; calyx 1-1.5 mm. longus profunde
5-lobus, lobis ovatis acutis puberulis; corolla lutea tubulosa extus
hirtella 10 mm. longa, tubo basi paullo ampliato, fauce 2 mm. lato,
lobis oblongo-triangularibus acutis 1.5 mm. longis; stylus interdum
exsertus; fructus immaturus globosus glabratus. — Colombia: In
forest above Salento, Dept. Caldas, alt. 2,000-2,200 m., July 25-31,
1922, Francis W. Pennell 8941 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,140,668,
type; duplicates in G and Y). Quindio, in 1876, Andr6 21^1 (K).
Balsillas, Huila, along stream, Rusby & Pennell 741 (W, G, M, Y).
East of Neiva, Huila, in forest, Rusby & Pennell 868 (W, Y).

The relationship of this species is with P. lutulenta Standl.
in that the leaves usually are much smaller, and the stipules are
very different.

Palicourea nitidella (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Psychotria
nitidella Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 250. 1881.

Type from San Carlos on the Rio Negro, Spruce 3121.

Stipules lanceolate, long-acuminate; leaves petiolate, ovate or
elliptic, 7-13 cm. long, 2.5-5.5 cm. wide, acutely acuminate at the
apex, acute at the base, glabrous, the veins 5-11 pairs; panicle
compact-corymbiform, long-pedunculate, the bracts triangular;
calyx obsoletely 5-dentate; corolla 14 mm. long, furfuraceous-
tomentulose.

Palicourea nubigena, sp. nov. — Arbor, ramulis validis obtuse
tetragonis densissime villoso-tomentosis, tomento ochraceo subad-

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 143

presso, internodiis 2.5-8 cm. longis; stipulae magnae fere liberae,
late ovatae, 2-2.5 cm. longae, membranaceae, brunnescentes, extus
tomentulosae, apice breviter bilobae, lobis acutis; folia opposita,
petiolo crassiusculo 2.5-4 cm. longo dense villoso-tomentoso; lamina
elliptica, obovato-elliptica vel elliptico-oblonga, 14-20 cm. longa,
5-9 cm. lata, apice longe et subabrupte acuminata, basi acuta, rigide
herbacea, supra viridis glabra, nervis subimpressis, subtus pallidior,
pilis brevibus patentibus ubique molliter hirtella, costa crassa eleyata,
nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 18, gracilibus, prominentibus,
angulo lato adscendentibus, valde arcuatis, marginem attingentibus,
nervulis prominentibus laxe reticulatis; panicula sessilis, trichotoma,
ovoideo-pyramidalis, 11 cm. longa, 9 cm. lata, dense multiflora,
ramulis adscendentibus vel superioribus divaricatis, dense ochraceo-
tomentosis; bracteae anguste oblongae, 6-10 mm. longae, obtusae,
tenues, brunneae, extus adpresso-pilosulae, intus glabrae; flores
conferti breviter pedicellati, pedicellis crassis hirtellis; hypanthium
turbinatum 2 mm. longum hirtellum; calyx 2-3 mm. longus profunde
5-lobus, lobis triangulari-ovatis obtusis, extus sparse hirtellis; corolla
alba extus dense yilloso-tomentella 8-11 mm. longa, tubo crasso
3.5-4 mm. lato, lobis erectis oblongis obtusis, tubo paullo vel duplo
brevioribus. — Colombia: In mossy forest, Cerro Tatama, Dept.
Caldas, alt. 2,800-3,300 m., September 8-10, 1922, Francis W.
Pennell 10464 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,140,693, type).

In general appearance this somewhat resembles P. lutulenta
Standl., but the very large stipules of P. nuMgena are distinctive.
They are much larger than in most species of the genus.

Palicourea obscurata (Muell. Arg.), comb. nov. Psychotria
obscurata Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 253. 1881.

Type from San Carlos on the Rio Negro, Spruce 3046.

Branchlets glabrous; stipules triangular-ovate, 4 mm. long,
obtuse; leaves short-petiplate, ovate, 9-16 cm. long, 4-7 cm. wide,
cuspidate-acuminate, coriaceous-membranaceous, glabrous, the veins
9-11 pairs; panicle short-pedunculate, subglobose, 2 cm. long, the
flowers minutely pulverulent-tomentulose; calyx obsoletely 5-
denticulate; corolla 7 mm. long.

Palicourea orthoneura, sp. nov. — Ramuli crassi cortice laevi
ochraceo obtecti, subteretes, glabri, internodiis brevibus vel elongatis;
stipulae persistentes in vaginam 4 mm. longam glabram truncatam
connatae, vagina in lobos 4 triangulari-oblongos obtusos 2-3 mm.
longos desinente; folia opposita, petiolo crassiusculo 10-18 mm.
longo glabro; lamina elliptico-oblonga, 9-12 cm. longa, 3.5-5 cm.
lata, coriacea, utrinque glabra, supra viridis, lucida, costa et nervis
elevatis, subtus luteo-viridis, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere 4-5, angulo acutp valde adscendentibus, gracilibus,
elevatis, in marginem desinentibus, arcuatis, nervulis prominulis
arete reticulatis, margine subrevoluto; inflorescentia terminalis,

144 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

cymoso-paniculata, 4.5-7 cm. longa, 3.5-6 cm. lata, dense multiflora,
6-9 cm. longe pedunculata, ramis validis adscendentibus et saepe
incurvis, glabris vel minutissime pulverulis, infimis oppositis vel
subverticillatis, floribus sessilibus dense congestis, bracteis anguste
triangularibus vel linearibus 1.5-3 mm. longis acutis; hypanthium
obqvoideum 0.6 mm. longum glabrum; calyx glaber 0.5 mm. longus,
lobis brevissimis rotundato-ovatis, apice obtusis vel rotundatis;
corolla 2.5-3 mm. longa extus glabra, tubo crassiusculo fauce barbato,
lobis oblongis tubo aequilongis obtusis. — Colombia: Without defi-
nite locality, Triana 1660 (Herb. Kew., type).

The species is easily recognized by the few strongly ascending
nerves of the leaves and the very small flowers. It may be that it
should be placed in Psychotria rather than in Palicourea.

Palicourea ovalis, sp. nov. — Frutex, ramulis crassiusculis
subteretibus glabris, internodiis 2-9 cm. longis; stipulae in vaginam
3-6 mm. longam truncatam glabram vel margine ciliolatam connatae,
vagina in lobos 4 c. 2 mm. longos triangulari-oblongos acutos desi-
nente; folia opposita, petiolo 1-1.7 cm. longo supra late sulcato,
subtus sparse adpresso-piloso; lamina ovalis vel elliptico-ovalis,
11.5-13.5 cm. longa, 5.5-7 cm. lata, apice rotundata et abrupte
breviterque acuminata, acumine triangulari acuminato fere 1 cm.
longo, basi rotundata vel obtusa et interdurn abrupte contracta,
subcoriacea, rigida, supra viridis, glabra, rhaphidibus brevibus
pallidis conspicue conspersa, nervis nervulisque manifestis, subtus
pallidior, tantum ad cpstam dense adpresso-pilosa, costa crassiuscula
elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 12, angulo recto adscen-
dentibus, gracilibus, prominentibus, valde arcuatis, in marginem
desinentibus, nervulis elevatis et pulchre reticulatis; panicula 3 cm.
longe pedunculata, pyramidalis, laxa, pauciflora, 6-9 cm. longa,
8-12 cm. lata, ramulis divaricatis vel subreflexis glabris, rhachi
percurrente; bracteae anguste triangulares, patulae, 2-4 mm. longae,
acutae, ciliolatae; pedicelli validi 7-20 mm. longi glabri; hypanthium
obovoideo-turbinatum 2.5 mm. longum glabrum; calyx 2 mm.
longus, 4 mm. latus, breviter 5-lobus, lobis late ovato-triangularibus
acutiusculis ciliolatis; corolla caerulea tubulosa (in alabastro), 3 cm.
longa, crassa, extus glabra, intus supra basin dense villosa, lobis
ovato-oblongis 5-6 mm. longis obtusis; antherae lineares 6 mm.
longae; fructus immaturus globosus 6 mm. diam. — Colombia: In
forest, La Cumbre, Dept. El Valle, alt. 1,800-2,100 m., Francis W.
Pennell 5711 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,141,913, type; duplicate in
Y). Coraz6n(?), AndrS K.501 (K).

Here probably belongs Killip & Smith 19143 from the southern
slope of Mount San Martin, near Charta, Dept. Santander, alt.
2,300-2,500 m. (W, Y). No corollas are present on the specimens, but
the collector's notes describe the corolla as "green proximally,
brown-red distally, lobes green." The plant is said to be a "shrub"
4.5-6 m. high.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 145

Palicourea ovalis is marked chiefly by the very large corolla and
the oval leaves.

Palicourea paradisiaca, sp. noy. — Ramuli yalidi teretes olivacei
glabri, internodiis 1.5-4.5 cm. longis; stipulae in vaginam 3-4 mm.
longam glabram persistentem truncatam connatae, vagina in lobos
4 lineari-subulatos 2-3 mm. longos erectos desinente; folia opposita,
petiolo valido 1.2-2 cm. longo supra sulcato glabro; lamina elliptico-
oblonga, 14-16 cm. longa, 6-7.5 cm. lata, abrupte breviterque
acuminata, acumine triangulari, basi acuta, subcoriacea, anguste
marginata, supra viridis glabra, rhaphidibus pallidis brevibus
crebris conspersa, costa prominente, neryis vix elevatis, subtus
pallidior, ad nervos hirtella, ad costam gracilem elevatam hirsutula,
neryis lateralibus utroque latere c. 14, angulo lato adscendentibus,
gracilibus, prominentibus, arcuatis, in marginem desinentibus,
nervulis prominentibus arete reticulatis; inflorescentia paniculata,
anguste pyramidalis vel thyrsoidea, 15. cm. longe pedunculata, 5-17
cm. longa, 3-18 cm. lata, pauci- vel multiflora, ramis validis adscen-
dentibus glabris, bracteis c. 1 mm. longis triangularibus acutis,
pedicellis crassis 2-8 mm. longis; hypanthium glabrum 1.5-2 mm.
longum; calyx 1.5 mm. longus 5-lobus glaber, lobis late rotundatis
minute ciliolatis; corolla 2 cm. longa extus glabra, tubo crasso, basi
paullo ampliato et 4 mm. lato, fauce 5 mm. lato, lobis ovato-tri-
angularibus obtusis 3 mm. longis; fructus globosus 7 mm. longus. —
Colombia: Valparaiso, July 22, 1928, Rafael A. Toro 137 % (Herb.
N. Y. Bot. Gard., type). — Venezuela: Between Maracay and Choroni,
also Colonia Tovar, 1,800 m., Fendler 558 (K, Y). Colonia Tovar,
Fendler 558 /3 (K,Y); at 1,700-2,300 m., in forest, Pittier 10062 (Y).

Palicourea pasti Wernh. Journ. Bot. 55: 283. 1917.

Pasto, Triana 1650 (K, type collection), 1658 (K); Andrt 888
(K). Without locality, Triana 1640 (K). Pasto Volcano, 2,500-3,200
m., Lehmann 6312 (K).

A shrub, glabrous throughout; stipules 4-8 mm. long, obscurely
lobed at the apex; leaves petiolate, coriaceous, elliptic or obovate-
lanceolate, scarcely acuminate, the apex obtuse, acute at the base,
4-12 cm. long, 2-5 cm. wide; inflorescence cymose-corymbose, sessile
or short-pedunculate, up to 15 cm. broad, the bracts small, ovate
or lanceolate; calyx lobes obtuse; corolla blue, the tube 6-7 mm.
long, the 4 lobes 2 mm. long, concave, pubescent within.

Palicourea Pennellii, sp. nov. — Arbor, ramulis crassis obtuse
tetragonis ferrugineis vel fuscis, novellis sparse hirtellis; stipulae in
vaginam truncatam incrassatam 2-4 mm. longam glabram connatae,
vagina in lobos 4 remotos lanceolatos 5-6 mm. longos subulato-
acuminatos desinente; folia opposita, petiolo crassiusculo 5-9 mm.
longo hirtello; lamina coriacea, sublucida, elliptica vel oblongo-
elliptica, 4-6.5 cm. longa, 1.5-3.8 cm. lata, abrupte breviterque
acuminata, apice obtuso, basi acuta, anguste marginata, supra
viridis glabra, costa prominente, nervis manifestis prominulis,

146 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

subtus paullo pallidior, secus nervos sparse minuteque hirtella,
costa crassiuscula elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 16,
angulo lato adscendentibus, prominentibus, gracilibus, brunnescenti-
bus, valde arcuatis, marginem attingentibus, nervulis manifestis
eleganter reticulatis; inflorescentia lutea, sessilis vel ad 4.5 cm.
longe pedunculata, paniculata vel subcorymbpsa, dense multiflora,
4.5-7 cm. longa, 5-7 cm. lata, ramulis oppositis vel subfastigiatis,
adscendentibus vel suberectis, validis, ferrugineis, minutissime
hirtellis; bracteae lineares vel subulatae 2-9 mm. longae attenuatae
glabrae; flores sessiles vel pedicellati, pedicellis crassis 1-2 mm.
longis; hypanthium late turbinatum 1 mm. longum glabrum; calyx
1-1.5 mm. longus profunde 5-lobus, lobis ovatis pbtusis pallidis
glabris; corolla lutea extus glabra infundibuliformis, basi paullo
ampliata, superne sensim dilatata, fauce 3 mm. lata, lobis late
ovatis obtusis fere 2 mm. longis; fructus subglobosus glaber 5 mm.
longus, costis obtusis. — Colombia: Mount Santa Ana, Dept. El
Cauca, alt. 2,700-3,000 m., June 29-30, 1922, Francis W. Pennell
7tf6 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,140,616, type; duplicates in G and Y).
An isolated species, somewhat suggesting a Viburnum in general
appearance.

Palicourea per quadrangular is Wernh. Journ. Bot. 55: 341.
1917.

Without locality, Linden 1087 (K). Rio Santa Rita, Caldas,
1,700-1,900 m., Kittip & Hazen 9028 (W, G, Y). Antizales, Bolivar,
1,500-1,800 m., Pennell 44U (Y). Mesa de los Santos, Santander,
1,500 m., Killip & Smith 15286 (W). San Bernardino, Caldas,
1,500-2,000 m., Pennell & Hazen 10157 (W). Antioquia, Jernse
(K). Also in Venezuela.

A shrub or small tree, nearly glabrous, the branches quadrangular;
stipule sheath 5-10 mm. long, truncate, biaristate, the aristae subu-
late, about as long as the sheath; leaves short-petiolate, thick and
firm, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 12-25 cm. long, 5-11 cm. wide,
abruptly short-acuminate, acute at the base, many-veined, hirsute-
pilosulpus beneath along the costa; panicle pedunculate or sessile,
thyrsoid, up to 30 cm. long, narrow, the short branches divaricate,
glabrous; flowers usually long-pedicellate; calyx lobes ovate, obtuse;
corolla glabrous, 7 mm. long; fruit 5 mm. long.

The corolla is variously described as "pale yellow," "light blue,"
and "blue," but all the specimens appear to be conspecific. The
flower colors reported for some of the species of Palicourea are very
confusing and inconsistent, and it seems certain that in many cases
they have been noted carelessly, perhaps from memory, or by
persons who had no definite idea of the definition of color terms, a
class to which many of our botanists seem to belong. The size of
the plant, likewise, seems to have been reported too often from
memory alone.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 147

Palicourea popayanensis Benth. PI. Hartw. 193. 1845.

Type from forests near Popaydn, Hartweg 1058. Hills of Mira-
flores, above Palmira, Cauca, 1,200-1,600 m., Pittier 876 (W, Y).
Cuatro Esquinas, Cauca, 1,700 m., Pennell & Killip 6335 (W, G,
Y). Miraflores, El Valle, 1,800-2,100 m., Killip 6140 (W). Pavas,
El Valle, in forest, 1,700-2,100 m., Killip 11661 (W, G, Y). Rio
Quindio above Armenia, Caldas, 1,400-1,600 m., edge of forest,
Pennell, Killip & Hazen 8725 (W, G, Y). Balsillas, Huila, in forest,
2,100 m., Rusby & Pennell 803 (Y). Titiribi, Tow 399 (Y). Angelo-
polis, Tow 268 (Y).

A shrub or small tree, glabrous or nearly so; stipule sheath 3-4
mm. long, truncate, the lobes linear, usually shorter than the sheath,
acute or obtuse; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic-oblong, 7-17 cm.
long, firm, acuminate, acute to nearly rounded at the base, glabrous
or sparsely pilose beneath along the costa; panicle pedunculate or
sessile, thyrsoid-pyramidal, open, large, many-flowered, glabrous,
the branches ascending or spreading, the bracts minute; flowers
pedicellate; calyx lobes minute, acute or obtuse; corolla orange or
yellow, glabrous, 10-13 mm. long, tubular, stout; fruit 5-6 mm. long.

It is not certain that the specimens listed really represent P.
popayanensis. Pennell 2394, here referred to P. ionantha, was
compared by Britton in 1920 with the type of P. popayanensis at
Kew, and is said by him to be the same as Hartweg "1055" (1058[?j).
The Pennell specimen, however, does not agree with the original
description of P. popayanensis, while the specimens here cited do
agree with it in most details.

Palicourea populifolia Rusby, Descr. N. Sp. S. Amer. PI.
141. 1920.

Las Nubes, 1,500 m., H. H. Smith 1833 (Y, type; F, W, M, P).
Santa Marta, Purdie (K). Near San Sebastian, January, 1844,
Purdie (K).

A tree 6 m. high, the branches glabrous, terete; stipules green,
bifid, the lobes linear, acute, 4-6 mm. long; petioles slender, 5-7 cm.
long; leaf blades oblong-ovate to broadly ovate, acute at the apex,
rounded and unequal at the base, puberulent beneath along the
costa; panicle pedunculate, pyramidal, lax, many-flowered, the
branches minutely puberulent, the bractlets minute; flowers pedi-
cellate; fruit globose, 3-4 mm. long; corolla 7 mm. long, glabrous.

Palicourea psittacorum, sp. nov. — Frutex, ramulis validis
subteretibus dense villosulo-hirtellis, internodiis 1.5-2 cm. longis;
stipulae in vaginam 2.5-3 mm. longam extus dense puberulam con-
natae, vagina in lobos 4 fere contiguos oblongos obtusos 3-4 mm.
longos glabratos ciliolatos erectos desinente; folia opposita, petiolo
crasso 3-5 mm. longo dense hirtello; lamina coriacea, elliptico-
oblonga, 3-5.5 cm. longa, 1-2 cm. lata, longe angusteque acuminata,

148 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

acumine pbtuso, basi acuta, marginata, supra luteo-viridis, ad
costam hirtella, costa nervisque subimpressis, subtus cinerea, ad
nervos dense albido-hispidula, costa crassiuscula elevata, nervis
lateralibus utroque latere c. 12, angulp lato vel angusto adscenden-
tibus, prominentibus, arcuatis, marginem attingentibus, nervulis
prominulis reticulatis; inflorescentia 1.5-2.5 cm. longe pedunculata,
interdum basi foliaco-bracteata, thyrsoideo-paniculata, dense multi-
flora, 3-4 cm. longa, 2-3 cm. lata, ramulis brevibus divaricatis dense
hispidulis; bracteae ut videtur virides, lineares vel lanceplato-
lineares, plerumque 5-7 mm. longae, ciliatae, numerosae, cpnspicuae;
flores conferti sessiles vel brevissime pedicellati; hypanthium turbi-
natum 1.5 mm. longum puberulum; calyx 1.5-2 mm. longus profunde
5-lpbus, lobis puberulis vel glabratis, ciliplatis, ovalibus vel ovatis,
apice obtusis vel rotundatis; corolla viridi-lutea tubulosa 8-10 mm.
longa extus puberula, tubo basi paullo ampliato, superne paullo
dilatato, fauce 2 mm. lato, lobis c. 1 mm. longis; stylus interdum
breviter exsertus. — Colombia: La Lora to summit, new Quindio
Trail, Dept. Tolima, alt. 3,280 m., August 14, 1922, Ellsworth P.
KiUip 9782 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,140,688, type; duplicate in Y).
Closely related to P. angustifolia HBK., but with different stipules.

Palicourea Purdiei, sp. nov. — Ramuli crassiusculi subteretes
fusci lucidi, internodiis 2-3 cm. longis; stipulae in vaginam glabram
2 mm. longam connatae, bifidae, lobis anguste triangularibus 2 mm.
longis acutis rigidis persistentibus erectis; folia opposita, petiolo
valido 7-10 mm. longo supra sulcato glabro; lamina elliptico-pblonga,
5.5-9 cm. longa, 2-3.5 cm. lata, acuta vel subobtusa, apice ipso
saepius obtusp, basi cuneatim angustata vel abrupte contracta,
coriacea, marginata, glabra, sublucida, supra viridis, costa nervisque
prominentibus, nervulis subimpressis, subtus pallidior, in sicco
brunnescens, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere
c. 15, gracilibus, prominentibus, angulo lato adscendentibus, arcuatis,
marginem attingentibus, nervulis vix prominulis reticulatis; inflores-
centia 2 cm. longe pedunculata, paniculata, corymbiformis, laxe
multiflora, c. 6 cm. longa et lata, basi trichotoma, ramis adscen-
dentibus gracilibus minutissime puberulis; bracteae 1-1.5 mm.
longae subulatae; flores pedicellati, pedicellis 2-7 mm. longis puberu-
lis; hypanthium late turbinatum 1.5 mm. longum minutissime
puberulum; calyx 0.5 mm. longus, lobis minutis ovatis acutis;
corolla tubuloso-infundibuliformis 12 mm. longa extus minute
puberula, tubo gracili basi paullo ampliato, superne sensim dilatato,
fauce 2.2 mm. lato, lobis brevibus obtusis. — Colombia: Santa
Marta, Purdie (Gray Herb., type). Mountains of San Sebastian,
Nevada de Santa Marta, July, 1844, Purdie (K; probably the same
collection as the type). Mountains of the Nevada, alt. 3,000 m.,
June, 1844, Purdie (K).

Palicourea lineariflora Wernh. is the nearest ally of P. Purdiei,
but in the former the corolla is longer, and the stipules are decidedly
different.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 149

Palicourea pyramidalis, sp. nov. — Ramuli valid! obtuse tetra-
gone in sicco fusci glabri, internodiis elongatis; stipulae breviter
connatae, adpressae, 8-12 mm. longae, glabrae, profunde bilobae,
lobis ovato-oblongis obtusis persistentibus; folia opposita, petiolo
gracili 0.8-2 cm. longo glabro; lamina subcoriacea, elliptico-ovalis
vel obovatp-ovalis, 8-15 cm. longa, 4-7 cm. lata, abrupte et brevis-
sime acuminata, acumine obtuso, basi acuta yel subobtusa, glabra,
in sicco fusca, subconcolor, costa gracili utrinque elevata, nervis
lateralibus utroque latere c. 21, gracilibus, utrinque prominentibus,
angulo lato adscendentibus, arcuatis, marginem attingentibus,
nervulis subtus prominulis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia sessilis vel
4-5 cm. longe pedunculata, late pyramidali-paniculata, laxe multi-
flora, 14-18 cm. longa, 13-20 cm. lata, ramulis primariis divaricatis
gracilibus glabris; bracteae lineari-subulatae 2-7 mm. longae persis-
tentes glabrae; flores sparsi, pedicellis gracilibus 3-9 mm. longis
apice paullo incrassatis; hypanthium turbinatum glabrum 1.2 mm.
longum; calyx glaber 1 mm. longus profunde 5-lobus, lobis late
ovatis acutis; corolla tubulosa 8-10 mm. longa extus glabra, tubo
basi ampliato, superne vix dilatato, fauce 2.5 mm. lato, lobis oblongo-
ovatis acutiusculis 1.5 mm. longis. — Colombia(?); Without locality,
F. C. LehmannB.T.1203 (Gray Herb., type; duplicates in K and Y),
B.T.1252 (K, Y).

A relative of the Venezuelan P. petiolaris HBK., in which,
however, the stipules are shorter, the petioles much longer, and the
inflorescence puberulent.

Palicourea rigida HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 370. 1820.

Santa Marta, Purdie (Y). Widely distributed in South America.

A nearly glabrous shrub with thick stout branches; stipule lobes
short, acuminate; leaves subsessile, coriaceous, stiff, elliptic to ovate
or obovate, large, obtuse to short-acuminate at the apex, rounded
to acutish at the base; inflorescence long-pedunculate, ovoid, large,
dense, many-flowered, the branches minutely puberulent or glabrate,
the bracts lance-subulate; calyx lobes nearly obsolete; corolla yellow,
12-14 mm. long, furfuraceous-puberulent, the lobes very short; fruit
black, 5-6 mm. long.

Palicourea salmonea Schum. & Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Engler
30: 333. 1908.

Highlands of Popayan, 1,500-2,000 m., Lehmann 5112 (F, W, Y,
type collection). Lehmann 7929 also is reported by the authors of
the species. San Martin de Loba, Curran 194 (W).

A slender glabrous shrub ; stipules 4 mm. long, the lobes subulate;
leaves short-petioled, subcoriaceous, oblong or elliptic-oblong, 6-15
cm. long, 2-5.5 cm. wide, long-acuminate at the apex, acute at the
base; panicle pedunculate or sessile, pyramidal, 7-12 cm. long, lax,
many-flowered, the branches slender, usually ascending, the bracts
minute; flowers on long slender pedicels; calyx lobes ovate, acute,

150 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

scarcely 1 mm. long; corolla tubular, salmon-colored, glabrous,
slender, 10-14 mm. long.

This species is closely related to P. crocea.

Palicourea semirasa, sp. nov. — Arbor parva interdum 6 m.
alta, ramulis gracilibus teretibus laevibus in sicco fuscis, internodiis
brevibus vel elongatis; stipulae 3-5 mm. longae, persistentes, brevis-
sime cpnnatae, fere ad basin bifidae, erectae, lobis ovatis vel late
oblongis apice obtusis vel rotundatis glabris ciliolatis; folia opposita,
petiolo 0.7-1.5 cm. longo crassiusculo supra sulcato glabro; lamina
oblongo-lanceolata, ovato-oblonga vel elliptico-oyata, 9-15 cm. longa,
3-5 cm. lata, apice longe et plerumque sensim acuminata, basi
acuta, crasse papyracea, glabra, supra in sicco luteo-viridis, costa
nervisque prominentibus, subtus fusco-viridis, costa gracili eleyata,
nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 11, angulo lato adscendentibus,
arcuatis, prope marginem arcuato-conjunctis, nervulis obscuris;
inflorescentia late thyrsoidea 6-12 cm. longa, 6-11 cm. lata, laxe
multiflora, 2-5 cm. longe pedunculata, ramulis adscendentibus
gracilibus, ut pedunculus minute puberulis vel glabratis; bracteae
minutissimae; flores pedicellati, pedicellis 3-10 mm. longis; hypan-
thium obovoideo-turbinatum glabrum; calyx 0.5 mm. longus glaber,
dentibus minutis late rotundatis; corolla lutea 11-13 mm. longa
tubulosa, solum ad apicem papilloso-puberula, tubo 2.5-3 mm.
lato, lobis triangulari-ovatis obtusis 1.5 mm. longis; stylus breviter
exsertus; fructus subglobosus glaber 5-6 mm. longus sulcatus, costis
obtusis. — Colombia: In woods, Mesa de los Santos, Dept. Santander,
alt. 1,500 m., December 11-15, 1926, E. P. Killip & Albert C. Smith
15154 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,351,085, type), 15069 (W), 15275
(W, Y).

This is a relative of the widely distributed P. guianensis Aubl.
That species differs in having much broader leaves, larger stipules,
and a corolla which is furfuraceous-tomentose throughout.

Palicourea speciosa HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 368. 1820.
Psychotria speciosa Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 746. 1825.

Type from Santa Ana, Bonpland.

Branches glabrous; leaves opposite, petiolate, oblong, acuminate
at the apex, acute at the base, 17-20 cm. long, 4 cm. wide, reticulate-
veined, scaberulous and shining on both surfaces; inflorescence panic-
ulate, pedunculate, 7.5 cm. long, the branches spreading, pubescent-
hirtous, the bracts minute, subulate; flowers solitary, pedicellate;
corolla 12 mm. long, pubescent.

Palicourea Toroi, sp. nov. — Ramuli crassi obtuse tetragoni,
novellis sparse hirsutis cito glabratis, internodiis 4-6.5 cm. longis;
stipulae in vaginam adpressam 10-12 mm. longam truncatam glabram
connatae, vagina in lobos 4 approximates tenues lanceolatos 13-17
mm. longos, 4-6 mm. latos, acuminates, apice ipse obtuso, desinente;

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 151

folia opposite,, petiolo crasso 1.5-3 cm. longo sparse hirtello vel
glabrato; lamina crasse papyracea, ovalis vel oblongo-elliptica, 17-26
cm. longa, 8-11.5 cm. lata, apice abrupte et brevissime acuminata,
acumine acuto, basi obtusa vel acuta, supra viridis, ad costam sparse
hirtella, nervis lateralibus conspicuis, subtus vix pallidor, ad nervos
hirtella, costa crassa elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 21,
gracilibus, prominentibus, angulo fere recto adscendentibus, arcuatis,
marginem attingentibus, nervulis prominulis reticulatis; inflorescentia
8 cm. longe pedunculata, pyramidali-paniculata, c. 10 cm. longa et
aequilata, laxe multiflora, ramis divaricatis sparse hirtellis vel fere
glabris; bracteae lineari-lanceolatae vel ovato-oblongae, 4-8 mm.
longae, subulato-acuminatae, persistentes, glabrae; pedicelli crassi
2-8 mm. longi glabri; hypanthium cylindrico-turbinatum 2 mm.
longum glabrum; calyx 4 mm. longus fere ad basin 5-fidus, lobis
ovalibus, late oblongis vel obovato-ovalibus, glabris, apice obtusis
vel late rotundatis; corolla aperta non visa, in alabastro glabra. —
Colombia: Dauro, April 6, 1928, Rafael A. Toro 1133 (Herb. N. Y.
Bot. Card., type).

Palicourea Toroi is related to P. heterochroma Schum. & Krause,
but in that the stipule lobes are lance-subulate, the leaves nearly
glabrous, and the calyx lobes lance-triangular. It is a pleasure
to name this plant in honor of its collector, who has obtained in
Colombia such a large series of interesting Rubiaceae.

Palicourea triphylla DC. Prodr. 4: 526. 1830. Psychotria
triphylla Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 233. pi. 32. 1881.

Don Amo, 450 m., in damp forest, H. H. Smith 2798 (Y). Puerto
Wilches, Santander, 100 m., edge of woods, Killip & Smith 14917
(W, Y). Widely distributed in tropical America.

A shrub 1-2.5 m. high, the branches terete, glabrous or nearly
so; stipule lobes linear, 6-10 mm. long; leaves ternate, short-petiolate,
oblong or obovate-oblong, long-acuminate at the apex, usually acute
at the base, puberulent, especially beneath, or finally glabrate;
inflorescence long-pedunculate, narrowly pyramidal-paniculate,
dense, many-flowered, short-pilose, the bracts linear-subulate;
flowers pedicellate, the pedicels and calyx red; calyx teeth obtuse;
corolla yellow, furfuraceous-puberulent, 12-15 mm. long; fruit black.

Palicourea vagans Wernh. Journ. Bot. 55: 281. 1917.

Mount Quindio, at 2,340 m., Triana 131 (K, type collection).
La Baja, Santander, 3,500 m., in oak forest, Killip & Smith 18088
(W, Y). Paramo de las Puentes, above La Baja, Santander, 3,300
m., Killip & Smith 18165 (W, Y). Pamplona, in forest, 2,400 m.,
Schlim 1074 (K). Ocana, in forest, 2,400 m., ScMim 442 (K); at
1,800 m., Schlim 21 (K). Ocana to Pamplona, 3,000 m., Kalbreyer
762 (K). Around Ocana and Granada, 2,550 m., Kalbreyer 482 (K).
Also in Venezuela.

152 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

A shrub 2-4.5 m. high, the young branches densely pubescent;
stipule sheath 4-6 mm. long, the lobes linear, very short; leaves
opposite, short-petiolate, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 4-7 cm. long,
2-3 cm. wide, short-acuminate at the apex, acute at the base, thick,
pubescent beneath on the nerves; inflorescence cymose, rather few-
flowered, usually sessile, terminal and in the uppermost axils, dense,
the bracts inconspicuous; flowers pedicellate; calyx lobes deltoid,
minute; corolla 16-18 mm. long, purple, furfuraceous-puberulent or
glabrate, the tube 5 mm. wide at the mouth; fruit 5-6 mm. long.

Palicourea vaginata Benth. PI. Hartw. 193. 1845.

Type from Andes near Bogota, Hartweg. Cerro Santa Ana,
Cauca, 2,700-3,000 m., Pennell 7462 (W, G, Y). Chiquinquira,
July, 1909, Ariste-Joseph (W). Region of Bogota, Ariste-Joseph 549
(W); in 1919, Ariste-Joseph (W). El Penon, Cundinamarca, in
forest, 2,800 m., Pennell £407 (W, G, Y). La Calera, Ariste-Joseph
A8S6 (W). Chapinero, Cundinamarca, 2,800 m., Pennell 2009 (Y).
Charta, Santander, 2,600 m., in forest, Killip & Smith 18860 (W,
Y), 19004 (W, Y), 19007 (W, Y). Paramo del Hatico, Santander,
2,200-2,800 m., Killip & Smith 20563 (W, Y), 20592 (W, Y), 20609
(W, Y). Pica-Pica Valley, Norte de Santander, in woods, 2,100-
2,400 m., Killip & Smith 20409 (W, Y), 20400 (W, Y). Culaga
Valley, Norte de Santander, 2,300 m., Killip & Smith 20332 (W,
Y). Pamplona to Toledo, Norte de Santander, 2,800-3,000 m.,
Killip & Smith 19848 (W), 19841 (W, Y). Murillo, Tolima, 2,200-
2,600 m., Pennell 3156 (Y). Boqueron de Bogota, 2,750 m., Andre
716 (K). Hills above Bogota, 2,700 m., Tracey 121 (K).

A shrub or small tree, sometimes 6 m. high; stipules connate
into a sheath, membranaceous at the apex, shallowly bilobate, the
lobes obtuse, glabrous; leaves thick, petiolate, oval-elliptic to elliptic-
oblong, short-acuminate, narrowed at the base, shining above, soft-
pubescent beneath or nearly glabrous, 7.5-14 cm. long; panicles short,
dense, usually sessile, broad, the branches spreading or ascending,
puberulent, many-flowered, the bracts minute; flowers pedicellate;
corolla yellow, glabrous or puberulent, 8-12 mm. long; fruit purple
or black, 6-8 mm. long.

67. RUDGEA Salisb.

Rudgea colombiana, sp. nov. — Ramuli crassiusculi subteretes
sordide ochracei, novellis minute et sparse puberulis vel glabratis,
internodiis elongatis; stipulae deciduae (perfectae non yisae), c. 3
mm. longae, rotundatae, glabrae, apice aculeoligerae; folia opposita,
petiqlo valido vel gracili 1-3 cm. longo glabro supra sulcato; lamina
tenuiter coriacea, elliptica, oblonga-elliptica vel obovato-elliptica,
12-24 cm. longa, 5-10.5 cm. lata, apice obtusa vel subrotundata
et abrupte cuspidato-acuminata, acumine 1-2.5 cm. longo longi-
attenuato, basin versus sensim cuneato-angustata, utrinque glabra,
supra sublucida, costa non elevata, nervis prominulis, subtus paullo
pallidior, brunnescens, costa crassiuscula elevata, nervis lateralibus

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 153

utroque latere c. 11, gracilibus, prominentibus, arcuatis, angulo lato
adscendentibus, prope marginem arcuato-conjunctis, nervulis pro-
minulis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia terminalis sessilis vel 8 mm.
longe pedunculata, paniculata, multiramosa, c. 8 cm. longa et 5
cm. lata, dense multiflora, ramis oppositis divaricatis validis sparse
et minute puberulis vel fere glabris, bracteis ovatis plerumque 1-2
mm. longis inconspicuis, floribus ad apices ramulorum dense glo-
meratis sessilibus; hypanthium vix 1 mm. longum glabrum; calyx
0.5 mm. longus glaber minute 5-dentatus, dentibus triangularibus
acutiusculis; corolla extus glabra in alabastro obtusa, 3 mm. longa,
fauce dense barbata, lobis pblongis obtusis tubo aequilongis; fila-
menta exserta glabra, antheris oblongis vix 1 mm. longis. — Colombia:
Timbiqui, September, 1903, F. C. Lehmann B.T.758 (Herb. Kew.,
type; duplicate in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.).

The generic position of the plant is not altogether certain.

Rudgea fimbriata (Benth.) Standl. in Standl. & Cald. Lista PI.
Salv. 274. 1920. Psychotria fimbriata Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3:
226. 1841. R. micrantha Muell. Arg. Flora 59: 454. 1876.

Without locality, Triana 1692 (K), 1721 (K). Ranging to Bolivia,
Brazil, and Central America.

A glabrous shrub; stipules triangular-ovate, incised-laciniate;
leaves subsessile, broadly elliptic to elliptic-oblong, 8-15 cm. long,
acuminate at the apex, obtuse at the base; flowers sessile, cymose-
paniculate, the panicles small, broad, many-flowered; calyx minutely
5-dentate; corolla 5-7 mm. long, the lobes longer than the tube;
fruit ellipsoid, 5-8 mm. long.

Rudgea fissistipula Muell. Arg. Flora 59: 449, 460. 1876.
Type from San Carlos on the Rio Negro, Spruce 3683.

Branchlets minutely puberulent; stipules 19-22 mm. long, obovate,
cleft to below the middle into numerous subulate lobes; leaves
short-petiolate, ovate, 25-32 cm. long, cuspidate, abruptly contracted
at the base, glabrous; panicles short-pedunculate, dense, small;
calyx lobes ovate-triangular, acuminate, ciliolate; corolla 6-7 cm.
long, papillose.

Rudgea insolita, sp. nov. — Ramuli validi subteretes fusci
dense pilosuli, internodiis elongatis; stipulae ovato-triangulares,
dense pilosulae, apice breviter aculeolato-ciliolatae; folia opposita,
petiolo crasso 1-2 cm. longo dense pilosulo; lamina subcoriacea,
ovalis vel late elliptica, 11-15.5 cm. longa, 6-9 cm. lata, acuta, basi
late rptundata, lucida, ciliata, supra ad costam pilosula, nervis vix
elevatis, nervulis prominulis, subtus vix pallidior, secus costam
sparse pilosula, cpsta gracili eleyata, nervis lateralibus utroque
latere c. 10, gracilibus, prominentibus, angulo lato adscendentibus,
prope marginem conjunctis, nervulis prominulis arete reticulatis;
inflorescentia terminalis 2 cm. longe pedunculata, cymoso-corym-

154 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VII

bosa, 6 cm. longa et lata, dense multiflora, trichotoma, ramis pri-
mariis crassis 1-1.5 cm. longis dense pilosulis, floribus sessilibus ad
apices ramorum dense congestis; bracteae plerumque oblongo-
lineares et 3-5 mm. longae; hypanthium dense hirsutum; calyx
5-partitus, laciniis oblongis recurvis 3-5 mm. longis pbtusis sparse
hispidulis; corolla hypocrateriformis extus dense hispidula, tubo
gracili 2.3 cm. longo superne vix dilatato, fauce 3 mm. lato, lobis 5
oblongis vel lineari-oblongis 7-9 mm. longis obtusis apice cucullatis. — •
Colombia: Bogota, Purdie (Gray Herb., type; duplicate in K).

In general appearance the plant is similar to R. ovalifolia Salisb.,
of the Guianas.

Rudgea Killipii, sp. nov. — Arbor gracilis 3.5-6 m. alta omnino
glabra, ramulis gracilibus subteretibus olivaceis, internodiis elongatis;
stipulae 2 mm. longae truncatae, apice breviter subulato-laciniatae;
folia opposita, petiolo crasso 2-3 mm. longo; lamina elliptico-oblonga,
ovali-elliptica vel ovato-elliptica, 5.5-10 cm. longa, 2.5-6 cm. lata,
acuta vel subaeuta, basi obtusa vel rotundata, subcoriacea, mar-
ginata, supra viridis, costa nervisque prominulis, lucida, subtus
pallidior, costa crassa elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c.
9, gracillimis, prominulis, angulo acuto adscendentibus, subarcuatis,
remote a margine laxe conjunctis, nervulis prominulis reticulatis;
inflorescentia terminalis 3 cm. longe pedunculata, cymosa, tricho-
toma, c. 4.5 cm. longa et 5.5 cm. lata, laxe pauciflora, ramis suberectis,
floribus sessilibus vel breviter pedicellatis aggregatis; bracteae
minutae; hypanthium turbinatum 2-2.5 mm. Iqngum; calyx cam-
panulatus 2 mm. longus truncatus interdum irregulariter fissus;
corolla alba extus glabra, tubo 7 mm. longo superne paullo dilatato,
lobis 4 oblongis apice cucullatis 5 mm. longis. — Colombia: In
woods, Mesa de los Santos, Dept. Santander, alt. 1,500 m., December
11-15, 1926. E. P. Killip & Albert C. Smith 15246 (U. S. Nat. Herb.
No. 1,351,157, type; duplicate in Y).

Rudgea Kunthii, nom. nov. — Psychotria calycina HBK. Nov.
Gen. & Sp. 3: 356. 1820, non Rudgea calycina Benth. 1850.

Type locality given doubtfully as New Granada, Bonpland.
Antizales, Bolivar, 1,500-1,800 m., in forest, Pennell 4454 (Y).

A shrub or small tree; stipules oblong or oval, obtuse, rounded
at the apex and subulate-laciniate; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate
or oblong, very long-acuminate, acute at the base, thin, glabrous;
inflorescence corymbiform, pedunculate, trichotomous, few-flowered,
glabrous, the flowers pedicellate; calyx spathaceous, 4 mm. long,
split on one side, minutely 5-denticulate; corolla white, the tube
5-6 mm. long, the lobes narrowly oblong, longer than the tube.

Rudgea marginata, sp. nov. — Frutex 1.5-3.5 m. altus omnino
glaber, ramulis yalidis subteretibus, vetustioribus ochraceis rimosis,
internodiis brevibus vel elongatis; stipulae c. 2 mm. longae, crassae,

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 155

multilobatae, lobis subulatis incrassatis; folia opposita, petiolo crasso
3-5 mm. longo; lamina coriacea, oblanceolato-oblonga, oblongo-
obovata vel elliptico-ovalis, 6-11.5 cm. longa, 2.5-7 cm. lata, apice
obtusa vel rotundata, apiculata, basin versus saepius angustata,
basi ipsa rotundata vel obtusa, flavo-viridis, opaca, marginata,
costa nervisque supra prominentibus, costa subtus elevata gracili,
nervis lateralibus utroque latere c. 11, gracillimis, prominulis, angulo
angusto vel lato adscendentibus, leviter arcuatis, juxta marginem
in nervum collectivum conjunctis, nervulis vix prominulis incon-
spicue reticulatis; inflorescentia 3.5-7 cm. longe pedunculata, cymoso-
paniculata, 2.5-4.5 cm. longa, 3-5 cm. lata, dense multiflora, tricho-
toma vel basi yerticillatim ramosa, ramis crassis angulatis, floribus
confertis sessilibus; bracteae late triangulares c. 1 mm. longae;
hypanthium late turbinatum c. 0.8 mm. longum; calyx 1 mm.
longus undulatus; corolla infundibuliformis extus sparse et minutis-
sime puberula, tubo crasso 3.5 mm. longo, fauce barbato, lobis
oblongis obtusis 2-2.5 mm. longis; antherae semiexsertae; stylus
exsertus; fructus subglobosus laevis 4 mm. longus. — Colombia:
Along borders of dry forest and in thickets, near Masinga, alt. 75
m., August and November, 1898, H. H. Smith 314 (Herb. Field
Mus. No. 137,376, type; duplicates in W, M, P, S, Y). Ibague",
Goudot (K). Without locality, Triana 1687 (K).

Rudgea Woronovii, sp. nov. — Ramuli crassi stipulis omnino
occulti, internodiis brevibus; stipulae magnae persistentes, 3-4 cm.
longae, glabratae, profunde multilaciniatae, laciniis inaequalibus
linearibus vel fere subulatis rigidis erectis; folia magna, breviter
petiolata, opposita, petiolo c. 2 cm. longo glabro; lamina membra-
nacea, oblongo-obovata, c. 30 cm. longa et 12.5 cm. lata, apice abrupte
et brevissime acuminata, basin versus longe cuneatp-attenuata,
glabra, supra laete yiridis, costa nervisque prominentibus, subtus
pallida, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere c.
22, gracilibus, angulo lato adscendentibus, arcuatis, in marginem
desinentibus, nervulis prominulis eleganter reticulatis; inflorescentia
terminalis thyrsoideo-paniculata, longissime pedunculata, pedun-
culo gracili erecto 16 cm. longo glabro; panicula 8 cm. longa et 3
cm. lata, laxe multiflora, ramulis alternis adscendentibus gracilibus
minutissime sparseque puberulis vel fere glabris, floribus 1-2 mm.
longe pedicellatis, pedicellis apice incrassatis, bracteis minutis subu-
latis; fructus subglobosus leviter bisulcatus glaber 3-3.5 mm. longus,
basi et apice rotundatus, pyrenis facie ventrali profunde sulcatis. —
Colombia: Territorio de Caqueta, in sylvis circa Ketucha, Rio
Orteguaza, August 20, 1926, G. Woronow 6064 (Herb. Bot. Card.,
Leningrad, type).

The plant has the general aspect of a Palicourea, but the form
of the stipules seems to necessitate its reference to Rudgea. Prob-
ably it is related to R. fissistipula Muell. Arg., but the leaves of
that species are different in outline, and the inflorescence is alto-
gether different.

156 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

68. CORYNULA Hook. f.

Corynula longiflora, sp. nov. — Herba perennis repens suffruti-
cosa epiphytica, ramulis elongatis gracillimis vix 1 mm. crassis
ochraceis dense pilis brevibus patentibus albidis pilosulis, internodiis
brevibus; stipulae persistentes vix 0.5 mm. longae, truncatae vel
apiculatae, incrassatae et cum petiolis cpnnatae, integrae; folia
fere sessilia, interdum 1.5 mm. longe petiolata, opposita; lamina
crassiuscula, elliptica vel late ovata, 3-12 mm. longa, 2-6 mm. lata,
obtusa vel subacuta, basi pbtusa vel rotundata, enervia, utrinque
densissime pilis brevissimis albidis patentibus vel subadpressis
induta; flores terminates subsessiles solitarii; hypanthium oblongum
2 mm. longum albido-pilosum; calyx 5-partitus, laciniis filiformibus
5-6 mm. longis pilosulis; corolla viridis extus sparse, ad lobos densius,
pilosula, tubo gracillimo 15 mm. longo, basi 0.5 mm. lato, superne
paullo dilatato, fauce 1.5 mm. lato, lobis 5 anguste oblongis obtusis
3-4 mm. longis patentibus intus glabris, in alabastro valvatis;
antherae exsertae lineari-oblongae 1.2 mm. longae; ovarium 2-
loculare, ovulis in loculis solitariis erectis. — Colombia: Around
Ocaiia, alt. 1,350 m., in 1878, Kalbreyer 645 (Herb. Kew., type).

"Half shrub rooting on a tree, with long rooting branches;
flowers velvety green, outside lighter green; leaves soft-velvety."
The generic position of this curious little plant is somewhat uncertain,
and it may be referable to some other genus, but it has not been
possible with the rather unsatisfactory material available to make a
better disposition of it. The typical and only other species of the
genus inhabits the mountains of Ecuador.

69. NERTERA Banks & Soland.

Nertera depressa Banks & Soland.; Gaertn. Fruct. 1: 124. pi.
26. 1788.

La Baja, Santander, 2,700-3,500 m., Kittip & Smith 18030 (W).
Pica-Pica Valley above Tapatd, 2,100-2,400 m., Kittip & Smith
20236 (W). Cerro Tatama, 3,400-3,700 m., Pennell 10580 (W).
Mount San Vicente, near Charta, 2,500-2,700 m., Kittip & Smith
18992 (W, Y). Paramo del Hatico, 2,900 m., Killip & Smith 20651
(W, Y). Boqueron de Bogota, 2,800 m., Andre 774 (F). Alto de
Cruz Grande, Andri 774 (F). Bogota, Holton 431 (P). Widely
distributed in the mountains of South and Central America.

A slender creeping herb with small leaves and with bright red,
fleshy fruits.

70. ERNODEA Sw.

Ernodea littoralis Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 29. 1788.

Cartagena, November, 1857, Schott (F). Ranging to the West
Indies and Central America.

A seashore shrub 0.5-1.5 m. high; leaves oblong to elliptic, nearly
sessile, acute, 2-3.5 cm. long, glabrous or nearly so; flowers small,

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 157

white or pink, sessile in the leaf axils; fruit a yellow drupe 4-6 mm.
long.

71. MITRACARPUS Zucc.

Mitracarpus frigidus (Willd.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66:
81. 1888. Spermacoce frigida Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 3: 531.
1818.

East of Neiva, Huila, 800-1,000 m., Rusby & Pennell 416 (W,
G, M, Y). Also in Venezuela, Brazil, and the Guianas.

A perennial herb, the stems puberulent or hispidulous; leaves
lanceolate, pubescent; corolla white, much longer than the calyx.

Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC. Prodr. 4: 572. 1830. Spermacoce
hirta L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 148. 1762. S. diffusa Willd. ex R. & S. Syst.
Veg. 3: 531. 1818.

Bonda, 45 m., H. H. Smith 85 (F, W, G, M, P, S, Y). Masinga,
75 m., H. H. Smith (F, Y). Natagaima, Huila, 400 m., Rusby &
Pennell 1190 (Y). Without locality, Triana 1623 (K). Widely
distributed as a weed in tropical America.

An erect, usually much-branched annual, hispidulous or gla-
brate; leaves lanceolate to ovate-oblong, acute, scabrous or yillous;
flowers in dense axillary clusters; corolla white, not exceeding the
calyx.

The plant is a variable one, and it may be that with more ample
material, to show the range of variation, it will be possible to recog-
nize more than a single species among the specimens now referred
to it.

72. PERAMA Aubl.

Perama plantaginea (HBK.) Hook. f. ex Schum. in Mart. Fl.
Bras. 66: 88. 1888. Buchia plantaginea HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2:
270. pi 182. 1817.

Type from Javita, on the Orinoco, Venezuela, Bonpland.

A branched suberect herb, the stems glabrate; leaves opposite,
short-petiolate, oblong, subacuminate, narrowed to the base, 5-
nerved, up to 7 cm. long, 2 cm. wide, lanuginous-pilose above,
lanate beneath; flowers in very dense, short spikes arranged at
the end of a long peduncle; corolla small, white, pilose; fruit dry,
3-celled, glabrous.

73. RICHARDIA L.

Richardia scabra L. Sp. PI. 330. 1753. Richardsonia scabra
St. Hil. PI. Us. Bras. vii. pi. 8. 1824.

Cuamo to Rio Saldana, Tolima, 400-450 m., Pennell & Rusby 206
(W). Santa Marta, 750 m., H. H. Smith 1798 (F, W, P). Ibague",
1,300 m., Andre 2006 (F). La Paila, Holton 419 (P). Guanabanal,

158 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

El Valle, in marsh, 1,000 m., Killip 6219 (W). Fredonia, Tow 1181
(Y). Without locality, Lehmann B.T.533 (Y). Altamira, Tolima,
600-1,300 m., Lehmann 8731 (Y). Quebrada de Angeles, Huila,
450-600 m., Rusby & Pennell 297 (Y). Widely distributed, usually
as a weed, in tropical America.

A pilose or hispid, usually prostrate, annual; leaves oblong or
lanceolate, petiolate; flowers small, white, in dense clusters at the
ends of the branches; fruit of 3 carpels.

74. DIODIA L.

Diodia hyssopifolia (Willd.) C. & S. Linnaea 3: 350. 1828.
Spermacoce hyssopifolia Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 3: 532. 1819.

Coastal thicket, Buenaventura, El Valle, Killip 11696 (W, G,
Y). Buenaventura, Andre 257 (K). Also in Brazil and the Guianas.

An erect perennial herb; leaves linear-lanceolate, 2-6 cm. long,
acuminate, plane, glabrous; flowers sessile in the leaf axils; fruit
ellipsoid, puberulent at the apex or glabrate.

Diodia maritima Thonn. in Schum. & Thonn. Beskr. Guin. PL
75. 1827.

Santa Marta, on seashore, H. H. Smith 1792 (F, W, G, P, Y).
Widely distributed in tropical America and in western Africa.

A prostrate herbaceous perennial; leaves oblong, acute or obtuse,
glabrous, 2-3 cm. long, coriaceous; flowers white, axillary, solitary,
sessile; fruit glabrous, the cocci obscurely 3-carinate dorsally.

Diodia rigida (Willd.) C. & S. Linnaea 3: 341. 1828. Spermacoce
rigida Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 3: 531. 1818.

Quebrada de los Angeles to Rio Cabrera, Huila, 450-550 m.,
Pennell 353 (F, W, G, M, Y). Guataqui, Andre K.1125 (K, Y).
Natagaima, Huila, 450-550 m., Rusby & Pennell 1145 (Y). East of
Neiva, Huila, 600-900 m., Rusby & Pennell 1076 (Y). Without
locality, Moritz (W, P). Mesa de los Santos, Santander, 1,500 m.,
Killip & Smith 15231 (W, Y). Near Lake Sapatoza, Magdalena
Valley, Allen 133 (K). Piedras, Andre K.1124 (K). Fusagasuga,
Andre K.1126 (K). Usually in grassland. Widely distributed in
tropical America.

An erect or ascending, annual or perennial herb; leaves linear-
lanceolate, 2-4 cm. long, scabrous or hispidulous; flowers lavender,
axillary, sessile, usually solitary; fruit hispidulous or glabrate.

Diodia rogaguana Rusby, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 7: 380. 1927.

Near Lake Sapatoza, Magdalena Valley, in water, Allen 327 (K).
Also in Bolivia.

An herb 30-60 cm. high; leaves lanceolate to oblanceolate, 1.5-2.5
cm. long, 5-12 mm. wide, obtuse or acutish, gray-hispid; flowers
white, axillary, sessile, the clusters several- or many-flowered.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 159

Diodia setigera DC. Prodr. 4: 563. 1830.

Reported by Schumann (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 21. 1888) from
Ocana, Schlim 242. Also in Brazil.

A prostrate or ascending, perennial herb; leaves ovate, acute,
1-1.5 cm. long, aculeolate-serrate, pilose beneath along the cpsta;
flowers axillary, sessile; fruit obovoid, glabrate, the cocci 3-carinate
dorsally.

Diodia teres Walt. Fl. Carol. 87. 1788.

Bonda, H. H. Smith 2628 (F, W, M, P, S, Y), 324 (F, W, G, M,
P, Y). Bonda and Masinga, 60-300 m., H. H. Smith 1783 (F, W,
G, M, P, Y). Jiracasaca, 750 m., H. H. Smith 1782 (Y). Six miles
south of Mamatoca, 150 m., H. H. Smith 1781 (Y). Without
locality, Moritz 1598 (W, P). Masinga, 150 m., H. H. Smith 82
(F, W, G, M, P, Y). Santa Marta, Purdie (G). Growing in open
places, usually grassland. Ranging northward to the United States.

An erect or ascending annual; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate,
scaberulous; flowers white or lavender, axillary, sessile; fruit minutely
and densely appressed-pubescent, the cocci nearly smooth dorsally.

75. HEMIDIODIA Schum.

Hemidiodia ocimifolia (Willd.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66:
29. 1888. Spermacoce ocimifolia Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg. 3:
530. 1818.

Iruando Falls, Schott 5 (F). Paime, Ariste-Joseph A724 (W).
Santa Marta, 600 m., H. H. Smith 1796 (F, W, P). La Trinidad,
Libano, Tolima, 1,100-1,300 m., Pennell 8817 (W). Coraz6n, Andre
K.1123 (K). Widely distributed in tropical America.

A large perennial herb; leaves lanceolate, attenuate at the base,
3-5 cm. long, puberulent or glabrate; flowers clustered in the leaf
axils, sessile, white.

This is a common weed of the tropical American lowlands.

76. EMMEORRHIZA Pohl

Emmeorrhiza umbellata (Spreng.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
66: 408. 1889. Borreria umbellata Spreng. Neue Entd. 2: 144. 1821.
Endlichera umbellata Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 38. pi. 74. 1888.

Santa Marta, 300 m., H. H. Smith 80 (F). Chinacota, Norte
de Santander, 1,400 m., Killip & Smith 20828 (W). Between Pamplo-
nita and Chinacota, 1,300-1,800 m., Killip & Smith 20762 (W).
East of Neiva, Huila, 1,800-2,300 m., Rusby & Pennell 571 (W, Y).
El Convenio, Tolima, gravelly hillside, 700-900 m., Pennell 3508
(W), 8510 (W). Also in Brazil and southward to Bolivia.

A suffrutescent vine, pubescent or nearly glabrous; leaves
oblong-lanceolate to elliptic, 5-10 cm. long; flowers small, white,
umbellate, the umbels panicled.

The plant is easy to recognize because of its umbellate flowers.

160 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VII

77. SPERMACOCE L.

Spermacoce glabra Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 82. 1803.

Near Mamatoca, 30 m., H. H. Smith 2082 (F, W, M, P, Y). La
Manuelita, Cauca, 1,100-1,300 m., Pittier 813 (W, Y). Natagaima,
Huila, 400 m., Rusby & Pennell 1189 (Y). Widely distributed in
tropical America.

Plants probably annual, glabrous; leaves lanceolate to elliptic;
flowers white, sessile in the leaf axils; fruit glabrous.

Spermacoce tenuior L. Sp. PL 102. 1753.

Medellin, Tow 825 (W). Usiacuri, 250 m., Bro. Elias 273 (W).
Cartagena, Bro. Heriberto 272 (W); Schott 7 (F). La Popa, near
Cartagena, 50-175 m., Killip & Smith 14063 (W, Y). Torrecilla,
near Turbaco, 150-300 m., Killip & Smith 14390 (W, Y). Cie"naga,
H. H. Smith 322 (F, W, G, M, P, Y). Bonda, 30 m., H. H. Smith
84 (Y). Honda, Tolima, 300 m., Pennell 3611a (Y). Turbaco, Bro.
Heriberto 419 (W). A widely distributed weed of tropical America.

An erect annual, nearly glabrous; flowers white or purplish pink;
fruit pubescent.

Called "lappa vermelha" in Brazil.

78. BORRERIA Mey.

Borreria anthospermoides DC. Prodr. 4: 550. 1830.

Type from Bogota. Rio de Arzobispo, near Bogota, 2,800 m.,
Pennell 2123 (F, W, G, M, Y). Near Bogota, 2,800 m., MacDoweU
(W); Ariste- Joseph A373 (W). Montserrate, Niemeyer 121 (W).
San Cristobal, Niemeyer 163 (W). Above Bogota, 2,700 m., Rusby
& Pennell 1260 (W, Y), 1297 (Y). Southeast of Bogota, 2,800 m.,
Andre 1000 (K, Y). Facatativa, 2,600 m., Andre 637 (K, Y). Region
of Bogota, Ariste-Joseph (W). Rio San Francisco, above Bogota,
2,700 m., Pennell 1934 (W, Y). San Francisco, Bogota, 2,780 m.,
September, 1909, Ariste-Joseph (W). Boquer6n de Bogota, 2,800
m., Andre 728 (K). Hills, Bogota, Weir 193 (K). Bogota, Holton
417 (Y). Growing on brushy slopes or in rocky places.

A perennial herb or a low shrub, glabrous or nearly so; leaves
linear or lanceolate, small; flower heads terminal and solitary or
in small corymbs; calyx lobes 4, linear-lanceolate, acute; corolla
white or pinkish.

Borreria bogotensis (HBK.), comb. nov. Spermacoce bogo-
tensis HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 345. 1819. Diodia bogotensis C. &
S. Linnaea 3: 347. 1828.

Type collected near Bogota, Bonpland. Between El Charquita
and Tequendama, Niemeyer 95 (W). Las Vegas, Santander, 2,600-
3,000 m., Killip & Smith 16003 (W, Y).

A perennial herb with long, trailing and rooting stems, glabrous
or nearly so; leaves oblong-lanceolate, small, the margins serrulate;

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 161

flowers in dense, chiefly terminal heads; calyx lobes 4, lanceolate;
corolla pink and white or white.
Called "chichipaca."

Borreria capitata (R. & P.) DC. Prodr. 4: 545. 1830. Sperma-
coce capitata R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 1: 61. pi. 91, f. b. 1798. S. ferruginea
St. Hil. PI. Usu. Bras, pi IS. 1824. B. ferruginea DC. Prodr. 4:
547. 1830.

Cacagualito, 480 m., H. H. Smith 1784 (F, W, G, Y). Orocne",
Rio Meta, Lehmann 8818 (F). Chapa, Popayan, 1,300-1,800 m.,
Lehmann 2848 (W). Villavicencio, 450 m., Pennell 1448 (W, G, Y).
Melgar, Cundinamarca, 900-1,300 m., Pennell 2855 (W, G, Y).
Icononzo, Cundinamarca, 1,000-1,200 m., Pennell 2907 (W, G, Y).
California, Santander, 2,200 m., Killip & Smith 16856 (W, Y).
Mesa de los Santos, Santander, 1,500 m., Killip & Smith 15243 (W,
Y). Ocana, 1,050-1,800 m., Schlim 24 (Y), 147 (Y). In marshy
meadows and on open grassy slopes. Widely distributed in South
America.

An erect perennial herb, densely pubescent; leaves linear to
lanceolate or oblong, sessile or nearly so; flowers white, in dense,
chiefly terminal heads; calyx lobes 4, subulate; corolla 2-5 mm.
long; fruit puberulent at the apex.

Borreria chartensis Standl., sp. nov. — Herba ut videtur
perennis, caulibus gracilibus, elongatis, procumbentibus, usque
ad 60 cm. longis et ultra, subteretibus, viridibus, glabris, inter-
nodiis foliis longioribus; vagina stipularis 3-5 mm. longa, brunnes-
cens, puberula vel glabrata, setis pluribus 6-10 mm. longis glabris
onusta; folia basi in petiolum brevem contracta, ovata vel oblongo-
lanceolata, 2-4 cm. longa, 0.6-1.7 cm. lata, acuta vel acuminata,
basi acuta vel obtusa, membranacea, supra viridia, prope marginem
scaberula, ad nervos subimpressos saepe puberula, subtus pallidiora,
ad nervos scaberula, nervis lateralibus utroque latere 4, angulo
acutissimo adscendentibus, elevatis, margine plana vel anguste
revoluta; inflorescentiae terminales et ex foliis superioribus axillares,
sessiles, dense multiflorae, terminalibus foliis involucralibus plerum-
que 4 magnis fulcratis; hypanthium oblongum apice puberulum;
sepala 4, fere ad basin libera, lineari-oblonga, attenuato-acuminata,
2-2.5 mm. longa, viridia, glabra, ciliolata; corolla alba, infundibuli-
formis, 6 mm. longa, extus glabra, ad ^ in lacinias ovatas obtusas
intus villosas divisa; antherae exsertae; stigma capitatum; capsula
oblongo-obovoidea 3.5 mm. longa apice puberula. — Colombia:
Vicinity of Charta, Dept. Santander, alt. 2,000-2,600 m., on open
hillside, February 1-11, 1927, E. P. Killip & Albert C. Smith 19207
(U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,354,495, type; duplicate in Y), 18863 (W,
Y). Without locality, Triana 102 (K).

In general appearance this plant is much like B. laevis (Lam.)
Griseb., but that differs in having a minute calyx and much smaller
corolla.

162 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Borreria densiflora DC. Prodr. 4: 542. 1830. Spermacoce
spinosa Sw. Obs. Bot. 45. 1791, non Jacq. 1760. B. spinosa C. & S.
Linnaea 3: 340. 1828, excl. syn.

Bonda, 60 m., H. H. Smith 1790 (F, G, W, P, Y). Cartagena,
Schott 6 (F);Bro. Heriberto 174 (W, Y). Turbaco, Bro. Heriberto
431 (W), 493 (W, G); Killip & Smith 14172 (W, Y). La Popa, near
Cartagena, 50-175 m., Killip & Smith 14056 (W, Y). Eastern
paramos of Guasca, toward Gacheta, 400 m., Rusby & Pennell
1193 (Y). Honda, Tolima, 250 m., Pennell 3611 (Y). Without
locality, in 1898, F. C. Nicholas (Y). Widely distributed as a weed
in tropical America.

A stout erect annual, nearly glabrous; leaves sessile or nearly so,
linear-lanceolate; flowers in very large and dense, terminal and
axillary clusters; calyx lobes 2, linear; corolla white, 2 mm. long.

Borreria sp. Spermacoce humifusa Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. Veg.
3: 530. 1818; HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 349. 1819.

Type from Bogota, Bonpland.

Stems suffruticose, procumbent, glabrous; leaves short-petiolate,
oblong-lanceolate, triplinerved, ciliolate-serrulate, glabrous; flower
heads terminal and axillary, pedunculate, subtended by 4 leaves;
calyx lobes 4, acute, ciliate; ovary glabrous.

This is doubtless a Borreria, and, judging from the description,
it may well be the same as B. bogotensis (HBK.) Standl.

Borreria laevis (Lam.) Griseb. Goett. Abh. 7: 231. 1857.
Spermacoce laevis Lam. 111. 1: 273. 1791. S. capitellata Willd. ex
R. & S. Syst. Veg. 3: 530. 1818. B. capitellata C. & S. Linnaea 3:
319. 1828. B. Herbert-Smithii Rusby, Descr. N. Sp. S. Amer. PI.
144. 1920.

Cartagena, Bro. Heriberto 145 (W), 69 (W). El Recuerdo, Santa
Marta Mountains, Niemeyer 22 (W). Turbaco, 200-300 m., Killip
& Smith 14180 (W, Y). La Cumbre, El Valle, 1,550-1,700 m.,
Pennell 5014 (W, G, Y). California, Santander, 2,000 m., Killip &
Smith 17006 (W, Y). Rio La Vieja, Caldas, Pennell, Killip &
Hazen 8592 (W). Turbaco, Bro. Heriberto 418 (Y). Popayan,
Lehmann B.T.619 (G, Y). Medellin, Toro 49 (Y). Bonda, Las
Nubes, and Masinga, 45-1,350 m., H. H. Smith 86 (F, W, G, M, Y).
Mamatoca, 30 m., H. H. Smith 87 (Y). Cuaco Mountains, 1,350
m., H. H. Smith 321 (F, G, W, M, S; Y, type of B. Herbert-Smithii).
Campo Alegre, 450 m., H. H. Smith 1898 (Y). Don Amo, 750 m.,
H. H. Smith 1898 (Y). Rio Don Diego, H. H. Smith 2652 (F, W,
M, P, S, Y). Bonda, 45 m., H. H. Smith 2547 (F, G, W, Y). Jordan,
180 m., H. H. Smith 2795 (Y). Without locality, Triana 1609 (K).
Ocana, 1,050 m., Schlim 147 (K). Type of S. capitellata from Bogota.
Widely distributed as a weed in tropical America.

An annual; leaves oblong-lanceolate to ovate, acuminate, more
or less pilose beneath, thin; flowers small, white, in dense, terminal

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 163

and axillary clusters; calyx lobes 4, triangular, minute; corolla
2-2.5 mm. long; fruit pubescent at the apex.

Borreria latifolia (Aubl.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 68: 61.
1888. Spermacoce latifolia Aubl. PI. Guian. 55. pi. 19, f. 1. 1775.

La Teta, Cauca Valley, 1,000-1,500 m., Lehmann 5444 (F).
Villavicencio to Buenavista, 900-1,200 m., Pennell 1665 (W, G, Y).
Pipiral to Susumuco, Cundinamarca, 1,100-1,300 m., Pennell 1706
(Y). Villavicencio, 450 mm., Pennell 1461 (Y). Mesa de los Santos,
Santander, 1,500 m., Killip & Smith 15251 (W, Y). Santa Marta,
H. H. Smith 2629 in part (W). Widely distributed in tropical
America.

An annual or perennial herb, yellowish green when dry, the
stems narrowly winged above, glabrous or pubescent on the angles;
leaves broadly elliptic, acute, thick, conspicuously nerved, scabrous
above, puberulent beneath, at least along the nerves; inflorescence
verticillate, the white flowers densely crowded in the axils.

When dried, the plant is easily recognized by the yellow-green
color assumed by the leaves and stems.

Borreria melochioides Standl., sp. nov. — Herba ut videtur
annua, erecta, simplex vel pauciramosa, 20-60 cm. alta, caulibus
gracilibus dense pilis brevibus lutescentibus hirsutis, internodiis
foliis longioribus; vagina stipularis breyissima pilosa, setis c. 7
ciliatis 3-7 mm. longis onusta; folia sessilia, lanceolata vel oblongo-
lanceolata, 2-6 cm. longa, 0.6-1.5 cm. lata, longiacuminata, basi
obtusa, in sicco luteo-viridia, supra dense breviterque aspero-pilosa,
nervis impressis, subtus dense pilis gracilibus lutescentibus pilosa,
nervis gracilibus elevatis, nervis lateralibus utroque latere 5, angulo
acuto adscendentibus, margine piano vel revoluto; inflorescentiae
axillares, capitatae, sessiles, spurie verticillatae, foliis involucralibus
2, quam caulina brevioribus, floribus sessilibus; ovarium obovoideum
2 mm. longum breviter pilosum; sepala 4, linearia, attenuato-
acuminata, viridia, subaequalia, breviter pilosa, 3 mm. longa;
corolla lilacina, 6-7 mm. longa, infundibuliformis, ad ^ in lacinias
ovato-oblongas extus ad apicem sparse pilosas intus villosas diyisa;
antherae exsertae; stylus apice alte bifidus; capsula obovoidea,
bisulcata, c. 2.5 mm. longa, breviter pilosa, sepalis coronata; semina
oblonga 1.8 mm. longa fusco-brunnea punctulata. — Colombia:
Melgar, Dept. Cundinamarca, alt. 500-600 m., December 4-5, 1917,
Francis W. Pennell 2922 (U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,042,537, type;
duplicates in G and Y). Without locality, Goudot (K).

The plant is evidently related to B. latifolia (Aubl.) Schum. and
B. poaya (St. Hil.) DC., the dried specimens having the same yellow-
green coloration which characterizes those species. From B. latifolia
the present species differs in its narrow leaves and verticillate
inflorescence; B. poaya is a coarser, stouter plant, usually with less

164 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

copious pubescence and broader leaves, and with a usually glabrous
ovary and longer sepals.

Borreria ocimoides (Burm.) DC. Prodr. 4: 544. 1830. Sperma-
coce ocimoides Burm. Fl. Ind. 34. pi. 13, /. 1. 1768. B. parviflora
Mey. Prim. Fl. Esseq. 83. pi. 1. 1818.

Quebrada de los Angeles, above Natagaima, 450-600 m., Rusby
& Pennell 317 (W, Y). Turbaco, Bro. Heriberto 418 (W). Libano,
1,100-1,400 m., Pennell 3289 (W, Y). Canabetal, Rio Magdalena,
100 m., Pennell 3878 (W, G, M, Y). La Cumbre, El Valle, 1,550-
1,700 m., Pennell 5024 (W, G, Y). Rio Sucio to Rio Piedras, west
of Popayan, 1,500-1,700 m., Pennell & Killip 8208 (W, Y). Rio
Piedras, west of Popayan, 1,600-1,700 m., Pennell & Killip 7208 (W,
Y). Villavicencio to Buenavista, 900-1,200 m., Pennell 1673 (Y).
Angelopolis, Tow 271 (Y). Popayan(?), Andre K.1132 (Y). Rio
Paez, Tolima, 1,000-1,400 m., Lehmann 4471 (F). Bonda, 30 m.,
H. H. Smith 88 (Y), 1798 (Y). Escalera de los Indios, 300 m.,
H. H. Smith 90 (W, G, M, Y). Onaca Estate, H. H. Smith 2629
(F, W, M, P, S, Y). Mirica Road, 450-600 m., H. H. Smith 2794
(Y). Rio Don Diego, H. H. Smith 2651 (Y), 2650 (F, W, M, P, Y).
LasNubes, 1,350 m., H. H. Smith 1787 (F, W, G, M, P, Y).
Masinga, 60 m., H. H. Smith 1791 (Y). Las Partidas, 1,050 m.,
H. H. Smith 1786 (Y). Jiracasaca, 750 m., H. H. Smith 1788
(F, G, Y). Buritaca, H. H. Smith 1789 (Y). Near Lake Sapatoza,
Magdalena Valley, Allen 340 (K). A weed in waste places. Widely
distributed in tropical America, and in Africa and Asia.

A slender branched annual, the stems glabrous or puberulent
on the angles; leaves oval to oblong-lanceolate, 1-3 cm. long, glabrous;
flowers minute, white, in dense axillary clusters; sepals 4; stamens
included; fruit glabrous or puberulent.

Borreria suaveolens Mey. Prim. Fl. Esseq. 81. pi. 1. 1818.
Spermacoce tenella HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 345. 1819. B. tenella
C. & S. Linnaea 3: 317. 1828.

Masinga, 240 m., H. H. Smith 83 (F, G, M, P, W, Y). San
Lorenzo Ridge, 2,190 m., H. H. Smith 1795 (F, G, W). Fusagasuga(?),
Andre KJ.126 (Y). La Esmeralda, Cauca, 1,200 m., Pittier 944
(W). Tacuey6, Cauca, 1,800 m., Pittier 1021 (W). Popayan, 1,500-
2,000 m., Lehmann 7595 (F). Without locality, Lehmann B.T.531
(F, G, Y). Buenos Aires, Cauca, 1,000-1,500 m., Lehmann B.T.6 17
(G, Y). Popayan, 1,500-2,500 m., Lehmann 8538 (Y). East of
Neiva, 700-1,200 m., Rusby & Pennell 430 (Y), 1084 (Y). El Con-
venio, Tolima, 1,000-1,200 m., Pennell 3467 (W, G, Y). Medellin,
Tow 453 (Y). Honda, 300 m., Pennell 3581 (Y). Pavas, El Valle,
1,500-1,800 m., Pennell 5531 (W, Y). Cuatro Esquinas, Cauca,
1,700 m., Pennell & Killip 6367 (W). El Ramal to Rio Sucio,
Cauca, 1,600-1,900 m., Pennell & Killip 8108 (W, G, Y). Near
Palmira, Cauca, 1,000 m., Pittier 1536 (W). Popayan, Andre
K. 1131 (K); at 1,000-2,000 m., Lehmann (K). Without locality,

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 165

Linden 1493 (K). La Paila, Holton 418 (Y). On grassy or rocky
slopes and in thickets. Widely distributed in tropical America.

A perennial, sometimes suffrutescent, usually erect, glabrous
or nearly so; leaves linear or lanceolate, rarely broader; flowers in
dense, globose, chiefly terminal heads; calyx lobes 4, triangular-
oblong; corolla white, 2.5-5 mm. long; anthers exserted.

The plant is a variable one. Pittier reports that in the Cauca
Valley it is called "sanaltodo," and is employed to "purify the blood."

Borreria verticillata (L.) Mey. Prim. Fl. Esseq. 83. 1818.
Spermacoce verticillata L. Sp. PI. 102. 1753. B. podocephala DC.
Prodr. 4: 542. 1830.

Buritaca, 600 m. or less, H. H. Smith 1785 (F, G, W, P, Y).
Susumico, Cundinamarca, 1,200-1,400 m., Pennell 1730 (W, G, Y).
Mesa de los Santos, Santander, 1,500 m., Killip & Smith 15165
(W, Y). Widely distributed in tropical America.

An herbaceous or suffrutescent perennial, usually erect, glabrous
or nearly so; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, subsessile; flowers
in dense, terminal and axillary heads; calyx lobes 2, linear; corolla
white, 2 mm. long.

79. RELBUNIUM Hook. f.

Relbunium ciliatum (R. & P.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer.
Bot. 2: 62. 1881. Galium ciliatum R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 1: 59. 1798.

Southwest of Las Graces, Bogota, 2,700 m., Pennell 2185 (F, M,
W, Y). Zipac6n, Cundinamarca, 2,500 m., Rusby & Pennell 1212
(F, M, W, Y). California, Santander, 2,800 m., Killip & Smith
16956 (W, Y). Paramo de Vetas, Santander, 3,400-3,700 m., Killip
& Smith 17414 (W, Y). Coconuco to Popayan, Cauca, 2,000-2,500
m., Killip 6886 in part (W, Y). Paramo de Santurban, Norte de
Santander, 4,200-4,500 m., Killip & Smith 19563 (W). On open
or shaded banks or hillsides. Ranging southward to Peru.

Stems glabrous; leaves oblong or linear-lanceolate, acute, mucro-
nate, glabrous but usually ciliate; flowers white or pale greenish
yellow; fruit glabrous.

The leaves of this species usually are ciliate, but frequently they
are quite without cilia.

Relbunium hirsutum (R. & P.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66:
116. 1888. Galium hirsutum R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 1: 59. 1798.

Tuquerres, 3,000 m., Lehmann 4687 (F); Andre 3200 (F, Y).
Las Vegas, Santander, 2,600-3,000 m., Killip & Smith 16114 (W,
Y). Guadalupe, 3,000 m., Apollinaire & Arthur 102 (W). Paletara,
Cauca, 3,000 m., Pennell 7069 (W). Paramo de las Coloradas,
Santander, 3,900-4,100 m., Killip & Smith 18399 (W), 18447 (W).
Canaan, Mount Purac<§, Cauca, 2,900-3,200 m., Killip 6753 (W).

166 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

La Baja, Santander, 2,700-3,500 m., Killip & Smith 18033 (W, Y).
Coconuco to Popayan, 3,000-2,500 m., Killip 6886 in part (Y).
Above Bogota, 2,700 m., Rusby & Pennell 1263 (M, Y). On brushy
slopes or open banks. Ranging southward to Peru.

Stems short-hirsute; leaves lanceolate to oblong-ovate, acute,
short-hirsute; flowers greenish white or greenish yellow; fruit glabrous.

Relbunium hypocarpium (L.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot.
2: 63. 1881. Vaillantia hypocarpia L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1307. 1759.
Rubia incana HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 338. 1819. Rubia hispida
Willd. ex Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 397. 1825, as syn. Galium albicans
Wedd. Chlor. And. 2: 38. 1857. Relbunium hypocarpium var.
incanum Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66: 113. 1888.

Onaca Estate, Santa Marta, 750 m., H. H. Smith 2626 (F, M,
P, Y). Sierra del Libano, 2,250 mm., H. H. Smith 1343 in part
(M, Y). Honda, Andre 3192 (F, Y). Chipaque(?), Andre 3192 (F,
G, Y). Quetame, 1,800 m., Andre 984 (F, G, Y). La Trinidad,
Libano, Tolima, 1,100-1,400 m., Pennell 3238 (F, G, M, Y). Guaya-
betal, Cundinamarca, 1,300-1,500 m., Pennell 1763 (Y), 1762 (Y).
East of Neiva, Huila, 1,800-2,300 m., Rusby & Pennell 857 (G, Y),
538 (Y). Paramo de Ruiz, Tolima, 3,400-3,600 m., Pennell 3079
(G, M, Y). Salento, Caldas, 2,100-2,500 m., Pennell 8863 (G, Y).
La Palmita, Caldas, 1,100-1,300 m., Pennell, Killip & Hazen
8624 (G, Y). Paramo del Quindio, Caldas, 3,700-4,200 m., Pennell
& Hazen 10004 (G, Y). San Jose", Cauca, Pennell & Killip 7417
(G, Y). Canaan, Cauca, 3,300 m., Pennell & Killip 6522 (G, Y).
Potrerillo de Miraflores, El Valle, 1,200-1,800 m., Pennell & Killip
6089 (Y). La Cumbre, El Valle, 1,700 m., Pennell 5123 (G, Y).
Bogota, Holton 415 (G, P). Paramo Rico, Santander, Killip &
Smith 17664 (W, Y). Between Piedecuesta and Santos, Santander,
1,000-1,500 m., Killip & Smith 15396 (W). Paramo de Mogotocoro,
Santander, 3,700 m., Killip & Smith 17614 (W, Y). On open hill-
sides, in thickets or clearings, and in forest. Widely distributed in
tropical America.

A slender much-branched herb, often subscandent; stems pilose
or retrorse-pilose, sometimes glabrate; leaves elliptic to ovate or
oval, rounded to acute at the apex, thick, usually pilose or hispid-
ulous on both surfaces; flowers greenish yellow; fruit orange-red,
pilose.

Relbunium nitidum (HBK.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 66:
114. 1888. Rubia nitida HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 339. pi. 280.
1819.

Santa Marta, 2,250 m., H. H. Smith 1343 in part (F, G, P, Y).
Mount El Derrumbo, Cauca, 2,500-2,900 m., Killip 7991 (G, W, Y).
Charta, Santander, 2,000-2,600 m., Killip & Smith 19126 (W, Y).
Without locality, Ariste-Joseph A285 (W), A899 (W). Mountains
near Bogota, Holton 414 (P, Y). La Baja, Santander, 2,700-3,500
m., Killip & Smith 18051 (W, Y). East of Neiva, Huila, 2,200-

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 167

2,500 m., Rusby & Pennell 894 (G, M, Y). Balsillas, Huila, 2,000
m., Rusby & Pennell 931 (Y). Rio San Rafael, below Cerro Tatama,
Caldas, 2,500-2,700 m., Pennell 10417 (G, Y). In forest or thickets
or on rocky banks. Also in Ecuador.

A slender much-branched herb, procumbent or often subscandent,
the stems reflexed-pilose or glabrate; leaves elliptic or obovate,
acute or obtuse, usually coriaceous, glabrous above, ciliate, beneath
usually hispidulous; corolla described as purplish brown to white;
fruit fleshy, glabrous, orange or red.

It is doubtful whether this is more than a variety or form of
R. hypocarpium.

80. GALIUM L.

Galium canescens HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 336. 1819.

Rosalito to Murillo, Tolima, 2,700-3,000 m., Pennell 3188 (F, G,
M, W, Y). Between Pasto and Tiquerres, Andre 8192 (F, Y).
Between Mutiscua and Pamplona, Norte de Santander, 2,700 m.,
Kittip & Smith 19764 (W, Y). La Baja, Santander, 3,100 m.,
Kittip & Smith 18148 (W, Y). Mountains near Bogota, Holton
415 (Y). Paramo del Quindio, Caldas, 3,800-4,000 m., Pennell &
Hazen 10051 (G, W, Y). Caqueza, Cundinamarca, 1,500-1,600 m.,
Pennell 1838 (G, W, Y). Tequendama, Holton 412 (G). Also in
Ecuador and Peru.

Stems pilose above; leaves in 4's, ovate, short-acuminate, 3-
nerved, pilose; flowers axillary and solitary, or in 3's at the ends
of the branches; fruit dry, uncinate-hispid.

Galium obovatum HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 336. pi. 277. 1819.

Tequendama, Holton 412 (P, Y). Pica-Pica Valley, above
Tapata, Norte de Santander, 2,100-2,400 m., Killip & Smith 20201
(W, Y). Paramo de Romeral, Santander, 3,800-4,100 m., Kittip &
Smith 18549 (W, Y), 18556 (W, Y). Las Vegas, Santander, 2,600-
3,000 m., Killip & Smith 16094 (W, Y).

Stems reflexed-pilose or glabrate; leaves in 4's, obovate, rounded
and apiculate at the apex, sparsely pilose or glabrate, 3-nerved;
flowers usually in 3's, pedicellate; fruit dry, uncinate-hispid.

Galium piliferum HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 337. 1819.

Type collected in the Andes of Quindio, near Los Gallegos and
Quebrada de Tochecito, Bonpland. Moist rocky canyon, Rio San
Francisco, above Bogota, 2,800 m., Pennell 1930 (F, G, M, W, Y),
1927 (F, G, M, W, Y). Paramo de Ruiz, Tolima, 3,100 m., Pennell
3103 (Y). In forest, Rosalito, Tolima, 2,900-3,200 m., Pennell 8112
(Y). Vetas, Santander, 3,100 m., Killip & Smith 17382 (W). Open
hillside, Tona, Santander, 1,900-2,100 m., Kittip & Smith 19509
(W, Y).

Stems uncinulate; leaves in 6's or 8's, linear-oblanceolate,
setulose-acuminate, uncinate on the margins and costa, 1-nerved;

168 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VII

flowers terminal, the corolla white, yellowish green, or purplish;
fruit dry, uncinate-hispid.

Galium Trianae Wernh. Journ. Bot. 50: 244. 1912.

Type from Colombia, Triana. Without locality, Triana 1598
(W, Y), 1601 (Y); Ariste-Joseph B42 (W). Bogota, Ariste-Joseph
A268 (W). Wet meadow, San Crist6bal, Cundinamarca, 2,800 m.,
Pennell 2310 (F, G, M, W, Y). Verj6n, Ariste-Joseph A159 (W).
Tequendama, Ariste-Joseph A14& (W). Southwest of Las Cruces,
Cundinamarca, 2,600 m., Pennell 2161 (Y).

Stems uncinulate, glabrate; leaves in 6's, oblong, 1-nerved, acute
or obtuse, glabrate; corolla white; fruit dry, uncinate-hispid.

Judging from the description of Rubia scabra HBK. (Nov. Gen.
& Sp. 3: 340. 1819, non Salisb. ; Galium scdbrum Wedd. Chlor. And.
2: 39. 1857, non L., 1753), it is probable that it is identical with
G. Trianae.

KEY TO THE TRIBES AND GENERA OF
COLOMBIAN RUBIACEAE1

Ovules 3 or more in each cell of the ovary.
Fruit dry.

Flowers arranged in very dense, globose heads ; ; ; . . Naucleeae.
Flowers not in dense globose heads.

Corolla bilabiate, the lobes imbricate. Stamens unequal.

Henriquezieae.
Corolla regular.

Seeds winged, vertically imbricate Cinchoneae.

Seeds not winged, or, if winged, horizontal.

Corolla lobes imbricate or contorted, never valvate.

Ronddetieae.
Corolla lobes valvate.

Seeds horizontal; stipules entire or bifid; plants
trees or large shrubs Condamineae.

Seeds peltately attached; stipules often fimbriate;
plants usually herbs or very low shrubs.

Hedyotideae.
Fruit fleshy.

Corolla lobes valvate Mussaendeae.

Corolla lobes imbricate or contorted.

Seeds many, minute, pitted or rarely tuberculate.

Hamelieae.

Seeds usually few and large, the testa smooth or fibrous.

Gardenieae.
Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell of the ovary.

Ovules 2 in each cell of the ovary Retiniphylleae.

Ovule 1 in each cell.
Ovules pendulous.

Stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla tube.

Guettardeae.

Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla tube.

Chiococceae.

Ovules erect or ascending.

Corolla lobes contorted Ixoreae.

*The key is adapted from that published by Wernham for the tropical American
genera. See Journ. Bot. 54: 326. 1916.

169

170 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Corolla lobes valvate.
Ovules affixed to the base of the ovary.

Ovary 1-celled, or 2-celled but with a very thin septum.

CoiLSsareae.
Ovary with 2 or more cells, the septum thick.

Flowers perfect; stamens usually inserted in the
throat of the corolla; plants usually trees or
shrubs Psychotrieae.

Flowers usually dioecious; stamens usually inserted
at the base of the corolla; plants mostly herba-
ceous Anthospermeae.

Ovules affixed to the septum.

Stipules entire, not leaflike; plants trees or shrubs.

Morindeae.

Stipules fimbriate, or leaflike; plants mostly herbaceous.
Stipules fimbriate, not leaflike Spermacoceae.

Stipules resembling the leaves and forming whorls
with them Galieae.

NAUCLEEAE
A single genus in Colombia 1. Uncaria.

CINCHONEAE

Corolla lobes valvate.

Placenta pendulous from the apex of the cell. Flowers in spike-
like inflorescences 2. Alseis.

Placenta not pendulous.

Placenta ascending or erect from the base of the septum;
plants usually scandent 3. Manettia.

Placenta adnate to the middle of the septum; plants not
scandent.

Capsule splitting from below upward 4. Cinchona.

Capsule splitting from above downward.

Fruit dehiscing into 4 spirally coiled valves; corolla lobes
bifid 5. Joosia.

Fruit not dehiscing into 4 spirally coiled valves; corolla
lobes entire or nearly so.

Capsule loculicidal 6. Macrocnemum.

Capsule septicidal.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 171

Valves of the capsule bifid 7. Remijia.

Valves entire 8. Ladenbergia.

Corolla lobes imbricate or contorted.

Corolla lobes contorted (one external in Calycophyllum).

Calyx lobes unequal, one of them expanded into a large colored
limb.

Flowers zygomorphic 9. Capirona.

Flowers regular.

Calyx becoming deeply 2-lipped 10. Schizocalyx.

Calyx truncate 11. Calycophyllum.

Calyx lobes equal or nearly so, none of them expanded into
a large Hmb.

Stamens unequal 12. Ferdinandusa.

Stamens equal.

Calyx caducous; seeds bearded 13. Hillia.

Calyx persistent; seeds not bearded 14. Cosmibuena.

Corolla lobes imbricate 15. Coutarea.

HENRIQUEZIEAE
A single genus in Colombia 16. Henriquezia.

Calyx lobes unequal, one of them expanded into a large colored
limb 17. Pogonopus.

Calyx lobes equal or nearly so.

Calyx deciduous; anthers dehisc'ng longitudinally.

18. Condaminea.

Calyx persistent; anthers dehiscing by pores 19. Rustia.

RONDELETIEAE

Corolla lobes imbricate.

Calyx lobes unequal, one of them sometimes expanded into a
large colored lobe 20. Warscewiczia.

Calyx lobes equal or nearly so.
Seeds usually large, winged on one side 21. Sickingia.

Seeds small, not winged 22. Rondeletia.

Corolla lobes contorted.

172 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. VII

Plants small herbs 23. Sipanea.

Plants shrubs or trees 24. Elaeagia.

HEDYOTIDEAE
Seeds angled or winged; plants herbaceous 25. Oldenlandia.

Seeds boat-shaped or plano-convex; plants usually shrubby.

26. Arcytophyttum.

MUSSAENDEAE
Inflorescence terminal.
Flowers in a dense head subtended by bracts.

Leaves appearing alternate, one of each pair much reduced
and resembling a stipule 27. Didymochlamys.

Leaves opposite 28. Schradera.

Flowers not in a dense head.

Inflorescence elongate, spikelike 29. Gonzalagunia.

Inflorescence not spikelike.

Calyx lobes unequal, one of them expanded into a large
limb 30. Carmenocania.

Calyx lobes equal or nearly so.

Ovary 2-celled 31. Cassupa.

Ovary 4-6-celled 32. Isertia.

Inflorescence axillary.

Plants creeping, herbaceous; flowers in heads, these pedunculate
or sessile 33. Coccocypselum.

Plants not creeping, usually shrubs or trees.

Leaves with many close parallel striolae in the meshes between
the ultimate veins.

Inflorescence 1-3-flowered 34. Hippotis.

Inflorescence many-flowered.

Calyx spathaceous or lobed, the lobes not foliaceous;
leaves sometimes pinnatifid 35. Pentagonia.

Calyx deeply lobed, the lobes foliaceous; leaves entire.

36. Sommera.

Leaves not striolate between the veins 37. Sabicea.

HAMELIEAE
Ovary 4-5-celled.

Corolla lobes contorted in bud 38. Bertiera.

Corolla lobes imbricate in bud 39. Hamelia.

Ovary 2-celled.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 173

Anthers exserted; inflorescence axillary 40. Hoffmannia.

Anthers included; inflorescence terminal 41. Raritebe.

GARDENIEAE
Flowers perfect.
Inflorescences terminal or terminal and axillary.

Corolla not regular, the buds curved 42. Posoqueria.

Corolla regular, the buds not curved.

Flowers arranged in many-flowered lax cymes. .43. Tocoyena.
Flowers solitary or 3-4 in a head.

Corolla tube at most barely exceeding the limb, usually
shorter 44. Sphinctanthus.

Corolla tube elongate 45. Randia.

Inflorescences lateral.

Corolla tube villous in both throat and base; testa of the
seeds fibrous 46. Genipa.

Corolla tube villous in either throat or base, but not in

both; testa not fibrous 45. Randia.

Flowers dioecious.
Stipules forming a conical cap, deciduous above a circular slit.

Staminate flowers in cymes, the pistillate usually solitary,
rarely 2-3 in a head 47. Duroia.

Staminate and pistillate flowers both in cymes ... 48. A maioua.

Stipules free, or connate at the base, not forming a cap dehiscent
by a transverse slit.

Staminate inflorescences lateral; plants often armed with
spines 45. Randia.

Staminate flowers terminal; plants unarmed 49. Alibertia.

RETINIPHYLLEAE
A single genus in Colombia 50. Retiniphyllum.

GUETTARDEAE
Corolla lobes imbricate in bud.

Fruit dry, separating into 2 small cocci 51. Machaonia.

Fruit drupaceous, indehiscent.

Calyx limb deciduous; anthers included 52. Guettarda.

Calyx limb persistent; anthers long-exserted . . . .55. Pittoniotis.
Corolla lobes valvate in bud.

174 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. VII

Corolla tube slender, much elongate; plants usually armed with
spines 53. Chomelia.

Corolla tube short; plants unarmed 54. Malanea.

CHIOCOCCEAE
A single genus in Colombia 56. Chiococca.

IXOREAE

Calyx calyculate at the base 57. Coffea.

Calyx simple 58. Ixora.

MORINDEAE
A single genus in Colombia 59. Morinda.

COUSSAREAE

Ovules connate, borne on a common basal column ... 60. Coussarea.
Ovules separate in a 1-celled ovary, collateral, basilar . 61. Faramea.

PSYCHOTRIEAE
Inflorescence an involucrate head.
Seeds flat on the inner side; plants creeping herbs. . .62. Geophila.

Seeds deeply furrowed on the inner side; usually trees or shrubs.

63. Cephaelis.

Inflorescence without an involucre, the flowers usually not in heads.

Fruiting carpels much compressed laterally. Plants herbaceous.

64. Declieuxia.

Fruiting carpels not compressed.

Stipules not pectinate, or very rarely so; seeds deeply furrowed
or flat on the inner side.

Corolla tube not gibbous at the base; inflorescence usually
not thyrsoid 65. Psychotria.

Corolla tube gibbous at the base; inflorescence usually
thyrsoid 66. Palicourea.

Stipules pectinate; seed with inrolled ventral surface.

67. Rudgea.

ANTHOSPERMEAE

Fruit pyriform, leathery, splitting into 2 cocci 68. Corynula.

Fruit a succulent berry-like drupe 69. Nertera.

THE RUBIACEAE OF COLOMBIA 175

SPERMACOCEAE

Fruit a 2-celled drupe, indehiscent and not separating into cocci.

70. Ernodea.

Fruit dehiscent, or separating into cocci.
Fruit circumscissile.

Ovary 2-celled 71. Mitmcarpus.

Ovary 3-4-celled 72. Perama.

Fruit not circumscissile, separating into cocci.
Cocci indehiscent.

Cocci more than 2 73. Richardia.

Cocci 2 74. Diodia.

Cocci dehiscent at the base or apex.

Cocci opening only at the base 75. Hemidiodia.

Cocci opening at the apex.

Seeds winged; plants scandent; flowers in umbels.

76. Emmeorrhiza.

Seeds not winged; plants not scandent; flowers not in
umbels.

Cells of the fruit unlike, one opening, the other remain-
ing closed 77. Spermacoce.

Cells of the fruit alike, both opening 78. Borreria.

GALIEAE
Flowers surrounded by a calyx-like involucre. ..... .79. Relbunium.

Flowers not involucrate . . . . 80. Gcdium.

TO

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