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■ F - \ ■ .. ^ 192C

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

JOHN BARTON PAYNE. SECRETARY

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

STEPHEN T. MATHER. DIRECTOR

RULES AND REGULATIONS

GRAND CANYON

NATIONAL PARK

1920

Open all the Yeai

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Phohwnph br FhiAo Shtnopticon C«.

HAVASUPAI INDtAN RESERVATION IN THE CATARACT CAN'

RINDING CORN IN A METATE.
i In tHeir mathods and manner of Ufa.

oogle

TEE ITATIOHAI, PAHTtS AT A QLANCE.

INombet, 19; total Biea, lO.SU sqoBfe milea.]

Vomnite

Ulddle eaaUm Calh

1,1«

Valley ol world-lamed beauty— Lofty clUla— Ro-
mantio vialas— Many walerlalls ol eiliaor-

General Orant

1890

Middle eaatero CaU-
lomla.

Created to preserve the celebrated General Qrant
Tree, 35 leet In diameter— fl miles from Sequoia
National Park.

Uaunt Kslnier

18M

Weat central Waah-
Ington.

324

glaciers, Bome of largo alie— 18 square miles of

"•"■US-

Southweawtn Oregon

249

Lake ol eitraoMinary blue In crater ol extinct
tormatlons— Fine flahlng.

Cavern having many miles ol galleries and
numerous chambers containing peculiar Ibrmv

1903

Plait

Soutliera Oklahoma.

Many eulphur and other springs poaaeaslng

iiji

Sullye Hilt

North Dakota.

an important wild-animal preserve.

^ iftii

MtnVadc.

rado.

Most notable and beat preserved prehistoric cUfl
dwellings in United Staler itnotln the world.

QlKlcr

1,6W

beauty— flO smfll slaoierB— Precipicea thou-

Sooky Mountain..

North middle Colo-

397i

Hoart of the Rockiea— Snowy range, peaks 11,000
to 14,250 leet BlUlude— Remarkable records ol
glacial period.

H.W8il

HawaU.

118

Three senarate areas— Eitauea and Mauna Loa

leia

onHa^^HaleakalaonMaul.

"^-^sir^-

Northern CfllUornla..

Only active volcano In United States proper-
Lassen Peak 10,465 feet-Cinder Cone 6,870
feet— Hot springs— Mud geysers.

"""'^r*'-

South eentral Alaska..

2,300

Highest mountain In North Amerlfa-Rlees
other mountain In the world.

(i™! Canyon

North oBntialArtiona

BS8

The greatest example of erosion and the most
subiune spactaclein the world.

Ufavttw

Maine ooasl

Dewrt&WuT

liii

««....

SoathwwlemUtab...

120

Uagnifioent gorge (Zlon Canyon) depth from 800
beanty and Boenic Interest.

■•"""'"

The

NationcJ Parks Portfolio

By ■

ROBERT STERLING YARD

PaiR^Iet Editran

ApKscnIsbcin of ()ie inti(»At
paiks and national monu-
meoti ID picture. The lelection is
from the bert work of many photog-
raphers, proietsional and amateur.
k contairu nine lections descriptive
each of a national park, and orK
larger seclicn devoted to other parks
and monuments. 260 pages, inclw^
ing 270 illustrations jt ^ jt

C Sent poitptiiif, npoo Kcetpt of pncc ia
eaib 01 money order, by the Superinlendenl
e( Documenti, Garemmeot Piintiag Office,
Vuhington, D. C

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General deecription 7

A mighty spectacle 7

The first view 9

Living at the Gran<i Canyon 10

Free public campgroiuHi 10

Seeing it trom the rim 10

Descending the c&nyon 11

The Hermit Trail 12

The Floor Trail 12

The Catavftct Canyon 12

Origia ol the Grand Canyon 13

History of the canyon 13

The canyon as a resort 14

The north rim erf the canyon 15

Altitudes and distancee 16

How long to stay 17

■ffhat to wear 17

Adminietratioii 17

How to reach the park 19

Byiail 19

By automobile 19

Automobile supplies 21

Groceries 21

Watea: : 21

Beaching the north rim 22

Lund, Utah, nortb rim of Grand Canyon National Park apeeiartour 22

Marysvale, Utah, north rim of Grand Canyon Natitmal Park special t«ur. . 23

Hotels and public camps 24

El Tovar Hotel 24

Bright Angel cottages 24

Hermit Camp 24

Desert View 25

Wiley Way Camp on north rim 25

Rest houses 25 .

The Lookout '. 25

Hermit's Rest 25

Shops and stores 25

Hopi House 25

The Independent Store 26

Kolb Brothers Studio M

Public utilities and conveniences 26

Post office 2G

Tel«^Tapb 26

Telephone 26

National Park service stations 27 -

Medical service 27

5,, ogle

Sight'Beeiiig tripe by road

Rc^ki' tripa by automobile

Hermit's Reet

Hopi Point

Mohave Point

R^ular Bummer trips by automobile

Grandview

Desert View

Special Hummer trips by automobile

Private conveyance rates

Trail tripe

Hermit Trail

Bright Angel Trail

Hennit-Tonto-Biight Ai^I Loop

Dripping Spring

Camping tripe

Cataract Canyon and Havasupai Village . .

Desert View

Little Colorado River

Fainted Desert and Hopi Land

Saddle horse trips on the nortb rim

Petrified Forest National Monument

Administratbu

Costs of trips and hotel accommodations . .

Stopover arrangements

Rules and regulations

General regulations

Automobile and motorcycle regulations. . .

Literature

Government publications

Bibli<^rftphy

Other national parks

National monuments

MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS.

Grand Canyon from near Mohave Point Front.

Havasupai Indian Reservation in the Cataract Canyon Inside front.

Havasupai Indian woman grinding com in a metate Inside front.

Petrified Forest National Monument, Arizona, a portion of the First

Forest Inside back.

Root of petrified tree, 7 feet in diameter Inside back.

Comii^ down a steep stretch on the Hermit Trail Back.

Map of Grand Canyon National Park

Map of Arizona showing railroad connections to Grand Canyon National Park...
Map showing principal automobile routes in Colorado, Utah, Arizona and New

GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION.

The Grand Canyon National Park is in northern Arizona. Its
958 square miles inclose 56 miles of the Grand Canyon stretching
west of its b^inning at the mouth of the Marble Canyon. Through
it winds the Colorado River. From rim to rim the canyon varies
from S to 20 miles in width; it is more than a mile deep measured
from the north rim, which averages nearly a thousand feet higher
than the south rim. The eastern boundary includes the lofty painted
walls east of which lies the Pamted Desert. Its western boundary
includes the broad Cataract Canyon, tributary from the south, in
whose depths we find the Havasupai Indian Reservation and a group
of fine waterfalls markedly different from any in our other national
parks.

The park boundaries hug the rim closely. Very little of the coun-
try back of the rim is included in the reservation, scarcely enough in
plfeces to take care of the great increase of travel which national
parkhood will bring to the Grand Canyon during the next several
years. These border lands are wonderfully attractive. The north-
em rim is heavily forested with pine and spruce. The southern rim
carries a slender semiarid flowering vegetation of rich beauty and
wide variety, and south of the railroad station lie a few square miles
of fine yellow pine forest.

The Grand Canyon was made a national park in February, 1919>
thirty-three years after Benjamin Harrison, then Senator from
Indiana, introduced the first of several hills to give it park status.
Politics, local apathy, and private interests which sought to utiliae
its water power and to find minerals in its depths, were the principal
causes of delay. All efforts failing to make it a national park, in
190S President Roosevelt made it a national monument. Once a
railroad was surveyed through it. A scenic railroad was projected
along its south rim. Less than a year before it became a park, efforts
were making in New York to raise money to dam its waters for power
and irrigation.

A MIGHTY SPECTACLE.

ogle

8 GBAND CANTON RATIONAL PABK.

feet of snow and glacier which rise abruptly between the observer's
eyes and the summit of Mount McKinley, because it has nothing in
common with any of these. But of its- own kind there is nothing
in the world which approadies it in fonia, sizer and glowing eolor;
it is much the greatest example of stream erosion. And in its power
to rouse the emotion of the looker-on, to stupefy or to exhilarate, it
has no equal of any kind anywhere, unJess it be be the starry firma-
ment itself.

Approachii^ by rail or road, the TisitOT comes upon it suddenly.
Pushing through the woods from the motor camping ground, or
climbing the stairs from the railroad station, it is there at one's feet^
difick)Bed in the sublimity of its tem|ded depths, in ibe bewildering
glory of its gorgeous coloring. There is no preparaticffi of mind and
epirit. To some, the revelatico is a shock, no matter what the ex-
pectation. The rim of the Grand Canyon is one of f^ stillest places
en earth, even when it is crowded with people.

To desc^be tbe Grand Canyf^ is as impossible le it is nnnecessa^.
Few naturat spectacles have been so fully pictured, few are so f ajiuliar
even to the untraveled. Its motionless unreality is one of the first
and most powerful atapressions it makes. And yet the Grand Canyon
is really a nioticm picture. There is no mommit that it does oot
change. Atways its shadows are insensibly altering, disappearing
here, appearing tbwe; lengthening hwe, sheffteniug there. There
is continual nwveioentv With evei? quarter hoar its difference may
be measured.

Th»e k the Grand Conyost o^ the early moming, when the %h:t
riants lengthwise from the Faiated Deaecrt. The great capes of th@
northern rim shoot into the picture, outlined in golden lig^t against
which their shapes gloom in hazy bhies. Certain temples seem to
rise slowly from the depths, or to step forward from hiding places in
the opposite walls. Down on the green fioor the twisting inner
go^e discloses here fmd there lei^ths of gleaming water, sunlit
and yellow.

An hour later aU is wholly changed. The dark capes have retired
somewhat and now are briliiant-hued and thoroughly defined. The
temples of the dawn have become remodeled, and scor^ ot others
have emei^d from the purple gloom. The CJranite Gorge, now de-
tailed fuUy, disi^ays waters which are plainly muddy even at this
great distance. And now the opposite wall is seen to be cmivohited,
possessing many headlands and intervening gulfs.

And so, from hour to hour, the spectacle develops. Midday, with
sun high behind the south rim, is the time of least charm, for the
opposite walls have flattened and the temples of the depths have
lost their defining shadows. But as afternoon progresses the spec-
tacles of the moming creep back, now reversed and strangely altered

QKUID CAB70S SATIOHAL FABE. 9

in outline. It is * new Grftod Canyon, the some but wondarfuUy
different.

And JHst after ^nset tbe reds tieepwi to dim purples and the graya
and yellows and greens change to magical blues. In tbe dark of a
moonless night the canyon suggests unimaginable mysteries.
THE FIRST VIEW.

From the railroad station, the yisitor ascends to the EI Tovar
Bote! and tbe Tiew of the wnyon at perhaps ita showiest point.
Here is where the temples loom their bi^eet and are nearest by.
Opposite this point the greatest of the five great geologic faultg
which crack tbe canyon crosswise exhibits itself in the broad purpling
of the Br^ht Ai^e! Creek. Here the Granite Goi^e approAches
nearest to the south rim. The view at E! Tovar is restricted by the
extension of Grandeur Point and Hopi Point on either side. These
etrt off tbe ti&vr (rf the great reaches of the canyon east and west.
The El Tovar view is a framed pretare of limited size. It is better
ao; better for the newcomer to enter gradaalfy into the realizaticm
of the whole which will come when he walks or rides out to tbe many
ptmits which posh northward from the sonth rim; better also to re-
turn to after days spent on the rim or in tlie canyon's depths.

Having studied this view for general ontlmes and the canyon's
conformation, stratiftcstios, and coloring, the visitor will find for
bioiself , on foot or by motes* stage or coach, many points which will
«S<M-d him varied outlooks npon the broad reaches of the canyon.
It is adv^ble to see the canyon from end to end from the rim before
expkH'ing the trails to the floor and tbe river.

It is a great mistake to sappose that the Grand Caisyon can be seen
ut one or two days, and yet this is the time which most persons allot
in advance t<x their visits. One day will Mily permit a CMufusing view
frcMB the rim, confusing because it takes much more than a first day
to unravel the enormously c<Hnplicated topography. Those who
spend their only day in descending to the river fail to get much out of
that experience because they do not know the canyon from the rim.

Those who aMot two days for the visit — one for the rim and one to
descend to the river — are much wiser, but still not wise. They get
many times as much pleasure and comprehension fro^n their visits as
tbe one-day visitors, but carry away with them little more than the
impressicKi of a vast kaleidoscope. There is probably no spectacle in
the world which requires so much looking at, so much comparing,
studying, absorbing, and dreaming to attain a state of comprehension
as the Grand Canyon, and there is no place which so fully rewards
cooiprebension.

When you go to the Grand Canyon leave the duration of your stay
open ior decisitw when there. You will probably then remain from

Gooylc

10 GBAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK.

five days to two weeks. Two weeks of fairly steady going will enable
you to see the Grand Canyon thoroughly without undertaking tripe
which are a hardship to persons unaccustomed to trail riding.
LIVING AT THE GRAND CANYON.

Living is pleasant and comfortable. The El Tovar Hotel offers
delightful conditions at rates reasonable in these times for its class of
accommodations. Its porches are broad, its garden a collection of
rich semiarid vegetation, its rim walks inspiring. There is horseback
riding tlirough many miles of yellow-pine forest and out to view points
on the rim, but there are no sports. There is neither golf nor tenuis.
The canyon absorbs the whole attention of its visitors.

Adjoining the hotel there is a most comfortable hotel camp at rates
extremely reasonable for times like these. There is a comfortable
camp on the floor of the canyon «t the foot of the Hermit Trail, and
there are cottages at Desert View where one may spend a few nights.
Camping trips along the rim and down to the Havasupai Indian
Reservation and the waterfalls of Cataract Canyon can be arranged.
It is possible to take your pack train across the river on flatboats and
ascend the arduous but most interesting trail up Bright Angel Can-
yon to the excellent public camp on the north rim of the canyon.
This trip is a matter of several days.

FREE PUBLIC CAMP GROUND.

From April to November the rim is free from snow and the free
public camp ground near Grand Canyon Village is available to camp-
ers. Motorists are iu*ged to bring their own camp equipment and
make use of this camp. Sites will be allotted free of charge on appli-
cation to the office of the superintendent of the park. There is a
garage in the village where gasoline and oil can be procm-ed. Gro-
ceries can also be piu"chased, but campers should bring a supply with
them. It is necessary to purchase water in the village, as there is
none at the Grand Canyon and it must be hauled from a distance

by rail.

SEEING IT FROM THE RIM.

East of the hotel are several points reached by motor roads which
afford fine views of the upper half of the Grand Canyon. The most
famous of these is Grandview, where still stands the first regular hotel
of the canyon, now private property. The eastern terminus of the
road is Desert View, which offers a view up the Marble Canyon, and
eastward over the famous Painted Desert. West of the hotel the auto
stages stop at a succession of fine points, each with its own individual
view of the mighty spectacle.

There is much to see also in the neighborhood of El Tovar, Be-
sides the fine walk to Grandeur Pomt through the pine forest there is a
faithful reproduction of a Hopi pueblo, and a camp of Navajo Indians.

GBANJ3 CAITTOK BATIONAI. FAItE. 11

DESCENDING THE CANYON.

There are two practicable trails from the south rim to the river.
The one conunonly used starts from the El Tovar Hotel and descends
the deep alcove between Grandeur and Hopi Points. This is the
celebrated Bright Angel Trail, so named because it follows the line of
the Bright Angel Fault and emerges on the river nearly opposite the
mouth of Bright Angel Creek. This fault was formed by the cracking
of the cwiyon across from rim to rim and the slipping of the western
edge of the crack several hundred feet downward. The evidence of it
may be seen plainly in the lower elevation of Hopi Point side of the
gorge ; and there is a place on the trail where travelers may see that
strata once continuous no longer match.

The descent of this trail is usually done on muleback in parties led
by guides. It is a sad mistake for persons not in the soundest physical
training to attempt it on foot, for the apparent distance as seen from
the rim is misleading, and the climb back is most arduous at that ele-
vation. The south rim of the canyon at Ei Tovar is 6,866 feet above
aea level. Nearly every day one or more trampers, overconfident of
their endurance, fall by the trail on the way up and have to be
rescued by guides and mules sent down for them from the rim.

The descent is an experience of great charm. The trail is excel-
lently built and kept in fine condition. The traveler passes in review
all thestratawhich form the canyon walls; their close examination will
be a source of pleasure. Just under the rim the trail passes through
a fine for^t of spruce, and from this down to the sage desert of the
green floor the traveler will also pass in review a series of vegetation
which represents scores or hundreds of miles of surface growths. There '
are two steep cliffs which the trail descends in series of short hitches of
zigzags, one of which, known as Jacob's Lad der, carries the traveler
down the famous Redwall formation; which is so distinct a scenic fea-
ture of the canyon from every rim view. But there need be no alarm
about these descents, for the zigzags, short and numerous though they
are, maintain always a uniform safe grade. Itmay affect the unaccus-
tomed nervously to see his mule hang his head over short abysses at
the turns, but the traveler himself does not hang over them, and the
mule is sure footed, stolid, and indifferent. There is only one creature
with less imagination than a mule, and that is hiscousin, the burro.

Indian Garden, which lies on the floor of the canyon, is so named
because Havasupai Indiansonce cultivated the soil throi^h which
passes the stream which originate in springs below the RedwalL
It is called Garden Creek. The Indian Garden now is a tai^le of
high brush, principally willow, through which the trail passes out
upon the rollii^ floor, and presently plm^es down the rocky goi^e
which leads to the edge of the muddy Colorado.

180918°— 20 2 .- I

D,3-,zsdtvUoogle

IS GRAKD CAHYON NATIONAL PABK.

THE HERMn' TBAIL.

A mueb faiw trail, from every poiat <A view, th&u the Bright A^et
starts fr<HB Hfifniit Keet, south ot Finia Poiat, Aod ^wcoods the
Hermit Canyon. It beguie 7 or 8 miles west of El To-T»r. Thie is a
two-days' journey, vrMtlmiii^g a night speai in Hermit Csra^ weU dawn
in the eanycm. It involvee an expoieoce worth many tim€B the
additional day vht^ it requires.

The Hemtit Canycst is oseof extreme heaaty; thea?e is probably bo
otiter which equals it in gotgeoH& txAwiag and th« variety of its ro^
forms. The trail, whose grade is lees than that of the Bright Ai^el,
is <me of the £aest in the worid. It is longer than the Bright Angel
Trail and leads out upon impres^ve points overlocHkuig faseinatrag
views. The deeeoit of the It^wall is a masterpiece of tfail huildii^,
and the cmly part of the Hnmit Trail whidi gives an impreesion ei
steepmeaa; hut tlus may readily be walked down by the uHaccustomed
rider; its aseent is not nerve raokiBg. The night at Hermit Camp,
under a towering crimsen gaUe, with colorful Hermit Canyon on the
south fmd Grand CooytHi (^>esikig northward over the green ehole of
the Soot is as comfortable as it is iaseinating. The trip to the river
and bat^ to the camp is uraially made the £fst day.
THE FLOCHt nUIL.

Too few visitors to Hermit Camp combine the two trail trips with a
journey between them over the green ^ale floor. The descent is by
the Hermit Trail with a night at its foot. The next morning, the
journey is made on muleback up the canyon to the Indian Garden,
. and from there, after lunch by tibe stream side, up the Bright Angel
Trail to El Tovar.

TES; CATABACT CANTCHf.

The Cataract Canyon in tile far western aid of the naticaial park is
zardy visited. The trail b^tns at the txid of a long desert road by
descending precipitoud:y to a goi^e throt^ which the Havasupai
Indian Reservation is reached. There are less than 200 Indians on
the reservation. These live by fanning the land irrigated from
Cataract Creek; com is their prioGipal product, but mdbns, figs, and
peaches are also produced. Ilie resuration fiUs a broad amphi-
theater in the gorge surrounded by lofty red sandstone cliffs. There
are no hotels or camps and the heat is intense in summer. The Cata-
ract Creek wat^ is stroi^ly impr^;nated with mineral and ui^alat-
able, diou^ entirely wholesome. Neverthel^s, the visit to Uu
reservatioa is one of unusual riiaracter and charm for tho^ who do
not object to a little hardg^p.

Below the reservation the canyon lu-eaks into a series of waterf afla,
two of which are tmusnal in kind and beauty. These are the Havaau
Fall and the Hualapai Fall. Both drop over lofty shdves which are

GBM^D e^XOa 1UII0K4L,FABB. |1.3

l^ssteared op; badcaadsid^hy. richly <ftr¥ed featooas ol brown traver-
.U^ior3»abi«ii,'de{iiQsit«d by.tJ)e-riv«rin-tinifiSDf,lii£h.wat«r. .Both
,tjjefaJJ3.0e«ariii>thetde^ Fed i&aeatojie.gfix^s. Mn^tgrsm cot-
touwoods, cactus, and other desert vegetation enhveu the. scene,
^hieh is aS'dJjS«Frat.a8 iwagwation can w^U paint from .anything
■else in t^e Gtand Cany'On Rational iEarb-

:.lji:the-£j»riQg foUoivriiig.t^e, mating. of tbe rim snows, there are
.^arioos vaterfaJls in.thecGi'an.d'.Canyon i.teelf,> several of which last
for gQfaenwnths- -'I^Qse isocyr: on ^.. north eicLe of the riyer. where
;titereis,a,,gr6&t^^y^ly:of)Watef, t^&aQ,uth side b«u^ add except for
. brief periods foUoving- Kieltiiigs and eloudhms^ts. One of th^e tem-
r|»raiy aorth-^eide watenWs, wiuchhaabeen se«i by v«ry few persons,
isB&id tobe£»<wetU)»n>tihjOusaitd feetinhe^ht. Widi theprossing
ef; the riyer by caniitiiig^iat parties, .which surely will be one of the
4eyelopBi^Lts.of the future, f^as& and many e^^r faseinatii^ spec-
tacles, now httle known, will become familiar.sightsito many- The
destiny of tie Qrwd Canyon is to becwae one of the most used
'fiatieiaai^flis.

OBIC^ QF.THE CffiAND CANY(»4.

' One of. ithe:. greatest riy^ra on tix& continent cuts the Grand Canyon,
.l^he Colori^do^Biver isloriB^JuUta^by the cttnfluence of the Green
aad title Grand Rivers, All thiee together drain 300,000 milesof
.Colofi«io,TWyoming, Utah, and Arizona, ilncliidrng the Green River,
.the greater of .(he confluents, the main stream may be said to be 1,500
.miles in, length, collecting the drainage of the divide .south and east
«£ the Gieat Basin and of siany raj^«s of the Rocky Mountain system-
The GEMid ifiiver pwitributes the .drainage of the, Becky Mountains
in wetjjifern Coloizado- Itiis the same Grand Rivpr ^which forms,
-throB^ione of its forks,. I^e western boundary of- the, Rocky Moun-
tain National Park.

The Colorado :h^an ..to cut the Grand Canyon several miUions of
'yeais.ago.,at^bQUt the same time that the Merced River b^an to
cat the YoseDjite ^Valley. iBothare the results exclusively of stream
^ei^oa. The theory that voleani^n had to do with the creation of
the Grand Canyon is declared by^ modem science untrue, notwith-
- standing the fact that volcanic rock is foxmd in the canyon's depths,
.Asdt^is^so foimdin many other parts of the United States. It is
,uiitrue.ai6o tltat the Colorado River assumed its 'east and west course
throygh the^Giand Canyon as the result of an east and west fault.
All the. faults of the region pass across the canyon north and south.
HISTORY OF THE CANYON.
:E1 Tovap—ra-eaptain under Cardenas who led one of tha expedi-
tions of.the Spaua^ explorer Diaa-niiscGvered the Grand Canyonin
1540. /The tld records describe a river which seemed to be "more
than three or four leagues " below the banks on which they stood.

14 GBAND CANYON NATIONAL PABE.

It is next recorded aa having been seen by a Spanish priest in 1776.
The place which he crossed is still called "Vado de los Padres" — the
crossing of the fathers — from which it appears that there were more
than one.

For many years the Grand Canyon r^on was known only to the
Indians, Mormon herdsmen, and the trappers who were among the
earliest pioneers of every part of our land. The Sitgreavea expedi-
tion crossed the river about 150 miles above Yuma in 1851, and
three years later Lieut. Whipple crossed it in surveying a route for a
railroad along the 35th parallel. In 1857 the War Department
sent Lieut. Ives with an expedition to ascend the Colorado and deter-
mine the head of navigation. For this purpose a steamboat was
shipped to the Gulf of California in pieces and put together there.
Ives steamed upstream to the head of the Black Canyon and then
marched to Cataract Creek, and from there around the San Francisco
peaks to Fort Defiance.

So nothing really became known until Maj. John Wesley Powell,
a one-armed veteran. of the Civil War, made his famous passage
of the canyons of the Green and Colorado Rivers. He started with
nine men and four boats from Green River City, Utah, on May 24,
1869. The huge waterfalls and underground passages described by
the Indians were not found, but the trip was one of extreme hardship
and danger. Almost daily the boats were upset, and the passage
of many of the rapids was perilous to a degree. Often the party
would embark upon long foaming slants without knowing what falls
lay around the precipitous headlands in front of them. One of the
boats, most of the scientific instruments, and nearly all of the food
were lost. For weeks the clothing of the adventurers was never
dry, and when they entered the Grand Canyon itself in September
there was little food left.

There came a time when four men deserted, preferring to risk the
dangers of hostile Indians on the rim than face longer the imknown
dangers of the canyon. They were killed by the Indians on the rim.
The second day after they left, Powell and his faithful fivo emerged
in safety at the end of the Grand Canyon,

Powell's journal of this voyage is one of the most fascinating tales
of adventure in literature. He saved his water-soaked notes, but in
1871 he repeated the trip for more complete scientific information.
Afterward Powell became the Director of the United States Geo-
logical Survey.

THE CANYON AS A RESORT.

The Grand Canyon is very much more than a wonder place or a
scientific museum on a titanic scale. It is a pleasure resort of the
first order. It may be visited any day in the year. The railroad is

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GKA2n> CANYON NATIONAL PABK. 15

always ninning and the hotel always open. When most other
resorts are closed the Grand Canyon is easily accessible.

During the winter snow falls in the pine forest along the rim; and
though the upper portions are snow covered, the traib into the can-
yon are open and safe; the floor of the canyon is warm and comfort-
able the year around. When nipping frosts redden cheeks on the
rim, the most fragile flowers are blooming in the canyon.

The weather in July and August is warm but not hot on the rim;
the altitude takes care of that. TTiere are cool mornings, evenings,
and nights no matter how warm it may be at midday.

Arizona is a land of sunshine; the air is dry and the winds are light.
While spring and fall are more attractive than midsummer or mid-
winter, all the seasons have each its special diarm. From December
to March snow is more or less abundant on the rim and a few hundred
feet down the trail. Camping-out parties must then confine them-
selves to the canyon,

THE NORTH KM OF THE CANTON.

There is a remarkable difference between the north and south rims.
The north rim, a thousand feet higher, is a colder country clothed
with thick, lusty forests of spruce aa^ pine with no suggestion of the
desert. Springs are found here and deer are plentiful. It is a region
which will be frequented, in time, by campers-out. »

The views from the north rim are markedly different. One there
views close at hand the vast temples which form the bac^;Found of
the south rim view. One looks down upon them, and beyond them
at the distimi canyon floor and its gaping gorge which hides the
river; and beyond these the south rim rises like a great streaked flat
wall, and beyond that again, miles away, the dim blue San Fran-
cisco Peaks. It is certainly a spectacle full of sublimity and charm.
There are those who, having seen both, consider it the greater. One
of these was Dutton, whose description of the view from Point
Sublime has become a classic. But there are many strenuous advo-
cates of the superiority of the south rim view, which displays close
at hand the detail of the mighty chasm of the Colorado, and views
the monster temples at parade, far enough away to see them in full
perspective.

The trail trip to the north side, which will be perfectly feasible
with the completion of a suspension bridge at the foot of Bright
Angel Trail, is not for the unaccustomed tourist. It is 30 miles
from El Tovar to the Wylie Camp on Bright Angel Point, and the way
np the Bright Angei goi^e on the north side is exceedingly difficult-
Hie mules ford the creek eighty-six times, and several times are in it
to their middle. The problem of a good trail is difficult.

Hie best ways of reaching thanoriih rim are described on page 22.

©BAND GAMVON NATIOHAL PARK.
AITITUDES AND DISTANCES.

From Grand CaDTon
VUtogsto-

and
directwn.

By-

Altitude.

.,..«.«.„..,.

»■-■

■Fut.
S,«60

""ft.'m

slow

a, MO

7,400
7,«0
2,750

8,000

2,1M

2,4W

*,T50

«,S98
1,090
0,800

8,850
O.Olil

7,000

7,100

7,250

8,050
7,071

6;780

.3,876

2,700
3 7S0
2,«6

NaUical bridges In limestone.

Raineer cabin. Wst«r. Pretty i-allsT,

NatuFBi Bridgea

RoadiraU

»ttSS,:::::

Auto rids through tanst. Masnlflceut

K«SVSiffi. '-"»"■•""■"•

Auto tide thnuubforast. ViewoFPainWd
Pesen, Grand Can von, C«dar Motintain,
and Palisades ot the Desert.

Dmert extending from Grand Canvon to
Petrified Forest, famed t<x its gloninj
colors.

vUlage of FavasupaJ lDdia.u [n prinilU'.-e
.State.

Cable owr^acwdoRlw.
Hanger camp at mouth ot Bright Angd

Greek, on north bonk of Colorado Bixw.
Via Tram Camp and Kalbab Trail up

KSS^b'^^^'tflforth Rim aad toad

of UeiDut Trail.

jaE....

S6E....
WE

11 NE..
lliNE.

28N....
S8N...

Boadtrafl

do.

....JIO.

P tedD

CataiBot Caursn

Cam

do...'...

R. R. and
au^toroad.

NMth Rim (at Bright
K^UBh!':

through tocMt to Kanab.
Nearest shoppmg town to Grand Canyon.

ic^a.'"'

iW....

law..

HE....

2W....

State canHsl. Gateway to Tmto and
olherNatlonal Monuments and Roose-

Ancient Indian pahiUnga, fine view. In-

Mrestltig foot trail.
Walk tbroueh woods. Fine view of San

On Ash Fork Road, ttuuugh woods.

On Cataract Canynn Road. Kaaxer «ia-

tloniabiEpme woods. Good water.
Fine vLew.oIriver. Good Wail elonR rjM

Road trail

0«BdeurP«tet

oan^.

Slu)ri)oi>ePofai(

....Ao

Pasednnd..

View into canyon. Knowa alsoasSmuet
I'oini. FBTorile point for eimsetvtows.

View of canyon and riier. Hermit Camp

IW^Bt^f A^gol TraU. FlnecMefcoT

qfd Indian ganlens and dwellings.

5w;:::

aiN...

tS::::

7N....
28 W...
2BN.'.'.'

TrsU.........

todianGaciiBn

Lower Indian Oarden.

OcUtrodo Hiwr at foot
^ol Bright Angel trail.

Good totU^om Elm to the Cdorado lUvHV

Rxoejkmt viaw of canyon .

Sn"^e'°N^'''Blm. "Wifcj Way.'
ToaristCtalp.

■^'::-.:::::

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^UHD CiWYOS KATtONAL 7ABE.
ALTITUDE AND DISTANCES— Continued.

'""viUageto—

and
direction.

By-

AltWudB.

Altractiona end lenurks.

WUBrWQyCamp

29N....

Trail or auto
roBd Icom
Salt l-te
city and

MB3

QnJlie Norlh Him. (SeepaEaSS.)

■

.7,4M

Cape Final

Easlemmost point or Kalhab Plateau on
New* Him opposite <:randranvonVU-

yon and down Grand Canvon; also ol
ValDted Desert.

BOW LONG TO STAX.

Ti'nw requiired.'—Wials one ooght to remain a week or two, a stop-
over of three or four da.jB from the transcontinental trip will be quite
satisfactopy. The Hemiit ovenugbt eamping trip requk« two daye
&nd a night. One day should be devotad to an auto ride along the
Hermit Rim. Boad, and by auto to Grandview. Another day go down
Bci^t Aagel Trail and back. A fourth day spent in short walks te
nearby points, or on hotsekaok, will enable visitors to get more inti-
mate views. B^flmit Loop thre^-day eamping tr^ down one trail
and up another, is well W(»th while.

The several trips mentioned above are all well worth while, and the
hi^ plateau above the rim afiords many delightful horseback or hik-
ing trips. Visitors to the Ncarth Bjw may well spend as much time
as can be ^ared.

The NatiDual Park Service of the Department of the Interior recom-
mends to the traveling pubhc that stop-overs of as long duration as
practicable be planned at paints within the Parits; that Grand Canyon
National Park be regarded not alone as a region which maybe glimpsed
on a hurried trip, but also as a vacation playground for rest and
re^eation.

WHAT TO WEASL

H much tramping is done, ^rout, thick shoes should he provided.
Ladies will find that short walking skirts are a convenience; riding
trousers are preferable, but not essential, for the horsebaxi joum^
dam ihe zigzag trail. Travelingcaps and (in summer) broad-brimmed
straw hats are useful adjuncts. Otherwise ordinary clothing will
suffice. Riding trousers, divided skirts, and straw hats may berented
at El Tovar Hotel.

ADMINISTRATION.

Grand Canyon National Park is under the jurisdiction of the
Director, National Park Service, Department of the Interior, Wash-
mgton, D. C. The Park Superintendent is located at Grand Canyon,

GRAND CANTON NATIONAL PAKE,

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GRAND CAUyON NATIONAL PABK. 19

Ariz., and information, maps, and pamphlets jnay be obtained at the
office, where visitors are cordially welcomed. The temporary office
of the superintendent is south across the railroad tracks 200 yards
from the Grand Canyon Railway Depot and on the paved road that
passes the El Tovar Garage.

The park ia -accessible throughout the year. The El Tovar Hotel,
Bright Angel and Hermit Camps, are aiways open.
HOW TO REACH THE PARK.
BY RAIL.

The Grand Canyon National Park is directly reached by a branch
line of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad extending 64 miles
northward from Williams, Ariz. On certain trains through standard
sleeping cars are operated to and from Grand Canyon station. Pas-
sengers using other trains and stopping over at Williams will find
adequate accommodations at the Fray Marcos, station hotel.

Stop-overs at Williams are permitted on both round-trip and one-
way tickets, all classes, reading to points beyond. Side-trip fare
from Williams to Grand Canyon and retxuTi is $7.60.

Round-trip excursion tickets at reduced fares are on sale daily at
practically all stations in the United States and Canada to Grand
Canyon, as a destination.

Baggage may be checked through to Grand Canyon station, if
required. Passengers making brief side-trips to Grand Canyon may
check ba^age to Wilhams only or through to destination. Certain
r^ulations for free storage of baggage for Grand Canyon passengers
are in effect.

For further information regarding railroad fares, service, etc., apply
to railroad ticket agents; or address:

W. J. Black, passenger traffic manager, Atchison, Topeka

& Santa Fe Railroad, Chicago, 111.
J. J, Byrne, assistant passenger traffic manager, Atchison,
Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad, Los Angeles, Calif.
BY AUTOMOBILE.

Automobile toiuists may leave the main east and west highway
through Arizona at either Williams or Flagstaff.

Flagstaff. — It is about 85 miles from El Tovar to Flagstaff, via
Grandview, Lockett's Lake, Skinner's Wash, Noki Wash, and San
Francisco Peaks, over a main traveled road, on which a good run is
possible most of the year. The roimd trip requires about two days.

This is a very enjoyable drive through pine forests and across
green mesas along the old-time stage route to the canyon. The
town of Flagstaff is located in the heart of the San Francisco uplift.
There are good stores and garage facilities in Flagstaff. In this
vicinity are prehistoric cliff dwellings, extinct craters, volcMiic cones,
180918°— 20 3

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OBAKD CANYON NATIONAL PABK.

Java beds, tmd ice caves. The smamit of Hum|direys Peak, oae of

&6 peaks forming t^e San Francisco Mountains, is 12,750 feet high.

WHUams. — Williams is 34 miles west of Flagstaff, tm the main

east and west highway through Arizona. It is the nearest shopping

NNECTION5 TO GRAND CANYON

caiter and its stores and garages carry a good stock of ererytiiing
oeoessary to the automobile tourist. Special attention is paid to
mail orders from Grand Canyon,

The route from WilHams passes Rod Lake, Howard Lake, and
Anita, running along the line of the Grand Canyon Railway. No
supplies can be purchased between Williams and Grand Canyon.

OBAITD CAITYOH' 'SATIOSAI. PASX..

^TCHtlOBILS aVPFUSS.

At Grand Canyon Tillage is an excellent garage under the manage-
ffleot of Fred Harvey. Stfwage, or repair service, as well as gasoline
*ad ofl, may be procio^d here.

^^-^^Tj^^^^Kii^^ ^ rn^.

L/^m

< Cobre/1i*;>'-i

TTSiS'^ /SAbJtii^KE:

^LAoal^ilTT" n \l^LMfiH i~ ^

° Jl^

^^>^roB)a.^^^3iCr^ig' ^1^:^^^

, //P •^X'^p- l»,,..L--e^!(2ai;:^' 1

^^ Bund//

1^ CedsrCity (—

— yPanguiteh If J ^.Jwaf^nCura

ztov/iirr/.^ t/r

/^£SZ%vV.' CoHeicLjMancos y^ff^ \/

/Kanab '^A^S'^^*Sp£i^''^ l^nidad

Z ^^""^

feid^i^ir f^£^ : — ■ "TR;^"^

K^GRANO CANYONI \ /^ 1

\ **

CAL. > a'^RjP

2 N tfnT: ^_ J '

/"■*r4.

^s^^-^s:^X„ 1 \ f....;^-^

T„„onl ^''■^|,^j35lW^~=: 1

^1 ^'-^

"=f'^3i^Lj""r^^ ^ ,.^'

CROCimiES.

The Independent Store carries a very limited supply of groceries.
Tourists who expect to camp at Grandview or Grand Canyon should
bripg their supplies from Williams or Flagstaff.

A supply of water for drinking purposes and for radiatipn, suifi-
cient to last to Grand Canyon, should be brought from Williams or

Flagstaff.

it» Google

aa GRiND CANYON NATIONAI, PARK.

REACHING THE NORTH RIM.

To those who enjoy extraordinary scenery and unusual experieoces,
the trip to the Wylie Way Camp on the north rim, either by rail
and motor stage or by private motor, will make a strong appeal.

Coming by rail over the Salt Lake route, the tourist chaises to
auto stage at Lund, over the Denver & Rio Grande Eailroad, at
Marysvale. Coming by private motor from Salt Lake City or Loa
Angeles, the Arrowhead Trail is followed to Cedar City, Utah.

From Cedar City the road leads over the plateau to Panguitch in
the valley of the Sevier River, where it joins the road from Marysvale.
From Panguitch, one ot Utah's spectacular scenic . exhibits, Bryce
Canyon is reached. Of Bryce Canyon John A. Witsoe, of the
University of Utah, writes:

It IB a box canyon 2 miles vide by 3 milea long, cut 1,000 feet into the top of
Paunsagunt Plateau. It drains toward the southeast and overlooks the Colorado
Biver, 75 milea distant. The strata in the canyon are fiat, low-liing Tertiary eand-
etones and clayey eandstones, rather highly indurated. A wonderful variety of
eroBional forma are painted in every color, shade, and tint of the spectrum, including
rede, pinke, creams, tans, lavenders, purples, bluee, greens, chocolates, and whites.

This unparalleled array of eroeional forms, coupled with wonderful coloring and
dotted somewhat profusely with a variety of evergreen trees, constitutes perhaps th«
most gorgeous spectacle in the world.

The route from Panguitch to the north rim follows the Sevier River
to its source, crossing the divide, and then rapidly descends imder
the vermilion cliffs and down the interesting Johnson Canyon to
Kanab, a well-built town of 1,200 inhabitants. The road then leads
out over the Kaibab Plateau, whose southern escarpment, at an
altitude of 8,000 feet, is the northern wall of the Grand Canyon of the
Colorado. The last 50 miles are through Kaibab Forest, a national
reserve, which exhibits on a grand scale one of the largest forests of
giant pines in the United States. The high, dry, bracing, pine-laden
air, the forest aisles, and occasional glimpses of wild deer and white-
tailed squirrels, make this ride a fitting prelude to the silent symphony
of the Grand Canyon itself.

From Zion National Park a road leads to Kanab and the north rim
of the Grand Canyon via Hurricane. Hurricane is the center of
Utah's "Dixie," a garden spot of semitropical vegetation and quaint
Mormon settlements. South of Hurricane the road leads across the
land of Zane Grey's "Purple Sage" to Kanab, and thence by ihe
road above described. While the road from Hurricane to Kanab is
being improved, inquiry should be made concerning it before attempt-
ing this route.

lUND, UTAH, NORTH RIM OP GRAND CANYON NAHONAL PARK
SPECIAL TOUR.

Plans are now being made to have available a special tour from.
Lund to the north rim of the Grand Canyon National Park, Ariz.,
including a side trip to Bryce Canyon on the going trip and Zion

GRAND CANYOK NATIONAL PARK. 23

National Park on the return trip. The tour will occupy eight days
and the fare will include all automobile transportation service and
hotel and camp acconunodations.

The trip is planned on the foUowing schedule:

Wednesday, Lund to Cedar City for lunch, to Panguitch for oTer-
night; Thursday, Panguitch via Bryce Canyon to Kanab for over-
night; Friday, Kanab to north rim of Crand Canyon National Park,
arriving for late lunch at Wylie Way Camp; remain at north rim with
bus at service of party until breakfast Sunday; Sunday, north rim
to Kanab for lunch, to Panguitch for overnight; Monday, Panguitch
to Cedar City for lunch, to Zion National Park; remain at Wylie
Way Camp, Zion National Park, until after breakfast Wednesday;
Wednesday, Zion National Park to Cedar City for lunch, to Lund for
train. Total mileage for trip 668 miles. If the road from Kanab to
Hurricane is in good shape, the return trip will he made that way,
giving one day longer at the north rim, Grand Canyon National Park,
or at Zion National Park at the option of the party.

tour (minimum four persons or four fares) $115

Each person will be allowed 25 pounds of ba^age on stage. A
chaise of 10 cents per pound will be made for excess baggage.

Plans are now being made to have available, commencing July i,
1920, a special tour from Marysvale, Utah, a station on a spur line
of the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad to the north rim of the Grand
Canyon National Park, Ariz., including a side trip to Bryce Canyon,
one of Utah's spectacular scenic exhibits only recently discovered by
tourists. The tour wiU occupy six days and the fare will include all
automobile transportation service and hotel and camp accommoda-
tions. A 10-passenger automobile bus of the tji>B used in Yellow-
stone National Park will he operated in this transportation service,
Hckets must be obtained at the Salt Lake Sight-seeing Office, Salt
Lake City, Utah.

A weekly trip is planned on the following schedule:
Monday, Marysvale to Bryce Canyon for late lunch at Wylie Way
Camp; Tuesday, Bryce Canyon to Kanab, luncheon en route; Wed-
nesday, Kanab to north rim of Grand Canyon National Park, arriv-
ing for late lunch at Wylie Way Camp; remain at north rim with
bus at service of party until after lunch Friday; Friday afternoon,
north rim to Kanab; Saturday, Kanab to Marysvale, luncheon en
route. Hotel accommodations Sunday night and Saturday night at
Marysvale included in tour charge.

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S4 QRASD CA.NTON NATIONAL PABS.

AnOtorizBii rait.

6ii-daytour SlOO

Each person will be allowed 25 pounds of baggage on stage.
A charge of 10 ceata per pound will be made for excess bf^gage.
Touring care will be furuished at same rate for same service any day in the week
to parties of either 4 or 6; tickets must be obtained for this special service in
Salt haha City.

HOTELS AND PUBUC CAMPS.
The following hotels, etc., are operated by Fred Harvey:

EL TOTAjL
The El TovBT is located at the railroad terminus, near the head
of Bright Angd Trail, at an eleYation of 6,S66 feet above sea level,
fmd open all the year. It is a long, low etnictore, built of native
bowlders and pine logs. There are 93 sleeping rooms, accommodat-
ing 175 guests. Forty-six of these rooms are connected with private
bath.

There is a music room and rendezvous. In the main dining
room 165 persona can be seated at one time.

Hot and cold water, steam heat, and electric light are supplied.
El Tovar also has a steam laundry.

AutkoriMd rolM at El Tovar Hotel.
American plan:

One person in room without bath, per day $6.00

One peraon in room with bath, per day B-Ofl

There are few exceptional rooms with bath carrying an additional
charge.
Meals only:

Breakfast,,'. 1.26

Luncheon 1.25

Dinner 1.50

BIUGHT ANGEL COTTAGES.
Cozy lodgings in cottages or tents at Bright Angel Cottages, adja-
cent to El Tovar. The accommodations are clean and comfortable.
There are four cottages, open the year round and several large tents
for summer onJy. AJl of the cottages have steam heat and electric
light; one cottage also has baths. About 150 persons can be accom-
modated here. Meals are furnished a la carte at the caf6. Kitchen
facilities are ample for quick a la carte service.

AuAi^riztd raltt at Bri^t Angel oottaget.

Lodging only, per day, per person $1. 50-t2

HERMIT CAMP.
On Tonto Plateau at the foot of Hermit Trail; consists of a central
dining room, loui^e tent, and 11 sleeping tente, accommodetions for
30 persons.

Avthomed rates at Mermit Camp.
American plan, per day, per person ................. K

ityGoo^lc

DESEST va:w.

OrarlooidBg P&mted Dosert, tiarUe C^syoB, utd Grand Oanyon,

aevcraJ cottag'-Bs jnay be occupied for limited periods. See page 2g.

WILEr WAT CAMP ON NORTH WM.

At Bright Angel Point on the Xorth Rim ie " Wiley Way" Tourist
Camp, consisting of a central dining tent and comfortable sleeping
teats, vith accommodations fur 25 persons. Kates are t6 per day.

BEST HOUSES.
TBE LOOKOUT.

The Lookout is a quaint observatory ajtd rest house, built on the
td^ of the rim near the head of Bright Angel Trail. It is equipped
wilii a large binocular telescope in the tower, tor obseriTng the most
distant reaches of the canyon by day and ior viewii^ the heavens
by n^t. There is a suall library for the layman and scientist.
Canyon maps and photos are for sale- Tile reception room has
spacious Tvindows, a fireplace, Navajo rugs, and easy chairs; it is
dectric lighted and steam heated.

HERMIT'S REST.

Where Hennit Rim Koad ends and Hermit lYail b^cins^ a unique
rest house, built into the hUl, with a roofed-in porch and parapet
waQ. As the name implies, it is int^itied to provide reet and shelter
for parties who take the Rim Road drive, or the Hermit Trail trip.
Guests may sit at the tables outside or sheltered by the glass front
inside, according to weather, and enjoy a light lunch in nnusuaJ sur-
roundings. Admission is by ticket. Tickets may be obtained at
El Tovar or Bright Angel Camp, at 50 cents.

SHOPS AND SKHIES.
HOaf HOUSE.

Opposite El Tovar is a reproduction of the dwellings of the Hopi
Indians and several Navajo hogana.

In Hopi House are installed collections of Indian handiwork.
Here also live a small band of Hopis, who are among the more primi-
tive of our Indians. T^e men weave blankets and the women make
pottery.

The homes of the Hopis are on the edge of the Painted Desert,
perched on the crests of lofty mesas where they live as did their
forbears and cling to their h^h dwelling place. Ttey are indus-
trious, thrifty, orderly, and mirthful. A roimd of ceremonies, each
terminating in the pageants called "dances," marks the different
seasons of the year. Subsisting almost wholly by agriciJture in an
arid region of uncertain crops, they find time between their labors
for light-hearted dance and song, and for elaborate ceremonials,

26 OBAND CANYON NATIONAL PASK,

Which are grotesque in the Katchina, or masked dances, ideaDy
poetic in the flute dance, and intensely dramatic in the snake dance.
In the three and a half centuries of contact with the white race
their manner of He has not materially changed. The Indian tribes
that roamed over mountain and plain have become wards of the
Government, but the Pueblo Indian has absolutely maintained his
individuality.

The Navajo women weave fine blankets and many of the men are
experts silversmiths who fashion bracelets, rings, and other articles
from Mexican coin silver. The Navajo Indian Reservation — one of
the largest in the United States — borders Marble Canyon on the
east. They are a pastoral people, intelligent, and, like the Hopis,
self-supporting. They own large numbers of sheep, cattle, and
horses. The Navajos are tall, rather slender, and agile. They have
been rightly called the Bedouins of the Desert. Nowhere are they
gathered into permanent villages. Although "civilized," they still
cUng to old customs and old religious forms. The medicine man, or
Shaman, has a large following, if not a large per cent of cures. Their
dance ceremonies are weird in the extreme. The fh-e dance is a
spectacular 10-day ceremony, seldom witnessed by white men, and
occurring only once in seven years.

Supai Indians from Cataract Canyon frequently visit El Tovar.

The Indepevdewt Store, which is situated on the Rim just east of
the Hopi House, carries a stock of Indian handiwork and curios in
addition to a Umited supply of groceries and dry goods.

K6U> Bros, studio ia at the head of Bright Angel Trail. The Kolb
Bros, give, each day at 5 p. m., an interesting lecture, illustrated
with motion pictures, describing their boat trip through the can-
yons of the Green, Grand, and Colorado Rivers. Admission, 60
cents.

Here, too, visitors may view the canyon through a telescope.
Photographic views of the canyon are for sale.

puBuc nurriEs and conveniences.

POST OFFICE.

The post office, which does all kinds of postal business, is situated

near the Hermit Rim Road about 400 yards west of the railroad

depot. It is open from 8 a. m. to 6 p. m. Mail trains arrive at 8.10

a. m. and 4.15 p. m., and leave at 8,10 a. m. and 9 p. m,

TELEGRAPH.

The Postal Telegraph Office, at the railroad depot, is open for all

business from 7.30 a. m. to 10 p. m.

TELEPHONE.
There is telephone coimection between the El Tovar Hotel, Na-
tional Park Service Office, ranger stations, and Hermit Camp.
There is no telephone connection outside of the park.

Google

GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PAIK. 27

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE STATIONS.

There are ranger stations or camps where assistance and shelter

may in emergency be obtained at places here named. These may

be unoccupied, and it is well to inquire at the superintendent's

of&ce:

Hermit Basin, Tram Camp, at mouth of Bright Angel Creek on
north side of Colorado River; Pipe Creek, on Tonto Trail 2 miles
east of Indian Garden; Salt Creek, on Tonto Trail 5 miles west of
Indian Garden; Grandview Public Camp; Rowe Well; and Grand
Canyon village.

MEDICAL SERVICE.

There is no doctor within the park. The nearest doctor is at
Williams, Ariz. There is a hospital at Flagstaff, Aiii. There is a
trained nurse at the EI Tovar Hotel.

SIGHT-SEEING TRIPS BY ROAD.
REGULAR TRIPS BY AUTOMOBILE.

The following trips are available every day in the year by auto-
mobile:

Hermit's Rest. — Stopping en route at Maricopa, Hopi, Mohave,
and Pima Points. First trip starts at 10 a. m., returning to El
Tovar and Bright Angel about 12 noon. Second trip starts at 2
p. m., returning to EI Tovar and Bright Angel about 4 p. m. Third
trip starts at 4 p. m., returning to El Tovar at 6 p. m. Rate, t3.
This rate includes use of facilities and light refreshments at Hermit's
Rest. This drive is 15 miles round trip along the Rim Road, There
is also a sunset trip to Hopi or Mohave Points, leaving El Tovar and
Bright Angel Camp at 6.30 and returning about 7.45.

Hopi Point. — El Tovar to Hopi Point, 2 miles west; rate $1.50.

Mohave Point. — Three miles west; rate $2.

REGULAR SUMMER TRIPS BY AUTOMOBILE.

The following trips are available through the summer season (ap-
proximately from Apr. 15 to Nov. 15).

Grandview. — Through forest of tall pines via Long Jim Canyon
and Thor's Hammer, 13 miles each way ; time about 3^ hours. Leave
El Tovar 9.30 a. m. and 2 p. m. daUy. Rates, $4. From Grand-
view may be seen that section of the canyon from Bright Angel
Creek to Marble Canyon, including the great bend of the Colorado.
On the eastern wall are Moran, Zuni, Papago, Pinal, Lipan, Navajo
(Desert View), and Comanche Points; and the mouth of the Little
Colorado River. Still farther beyond is the Painted Desert and
Navajo Mountain — the latter plainly seen, though 120 miles away.
The rim trail to Moran Point is interesting. Grandview Trail enters
the canyon near Grandview Point. lujlf

SB QBAHD CASYON NAIIOKAL PARK.

Desert Fwiw. ^Thirty-two mites each way via Long Jim Canyon,
Thoi's Hammer, Grandview, Hull Tank, Trash Dam, Tanner Tank,
Old Aztec Kiiin, Lipan Peint, and head of Tamisr Trail. Two round
trips a day, leavii^ El Tovar about 9 a. m., and returning by 1.30
p. m. Rate for one person, $20; for two persons, $10 each; for three
or more persons up to capacity of car, $8 each. Special auto for
parties of six persons or lass, $48; lunch extra, except for El Tovar
guests.

At this point there is a far outlook not only into the canyon above
the Granite Gorge, where the river valley widens, but also across the
Painted Desert, toward Hopi Liuid, and along the Desert Palisades
to the mouth of the Little Colorado. At sunset and aimrise it is a
glorious sight. For that reason one preferably should arrange to stay
overnight — a camping trip elsewhere referred to. One and one-haU
miles west of Desert View is Lipan Point, affording an excellent view
of this whole region.

SPECIAL SVMMEat TBIP6 BT AJTEOMOBILE.

These trips depend upon condition of roads and may be at Umes
discontinued.

Bass's Ckimp, 24 miles, and Havasupai Point, 1 mile beyond.
Kate same as Desert View trip.

Yavapai and Orandeur Pomis. — This drive extends 2 miles east (rf
El Tovar. Rate, $1.

PRIVATE CONVEYANCE RXIES.

Where special cars are desired, an extra charge of 12 is made for
entir« party, besides the individual rate for regular service.

As an example: The rate for r^olar trip to end of Rim Road is
$3 each person. If one petson dewres to make this trip in a special
conveyance, that persoa would pay $5; if two persons go, the entire
expense would be $S; for three persons, $11; and so on up to six.
The $2 extra is collected for the party as a whole, and not individu-
ally.

Other rates for special autos vary with service performed.

Note. — If the demand for r^ular-trip drives is so heavy as to
require use of all conveyances available, private trips will be discon-
tinued temporarily,

TRAIL TRIPS.

Hermit Trail, sfoppmg at Hermit Camp ovenm^Jd. — ^Time, two days
aud one night. Hermit Road by auto. Down Hermit Trail, stay
overnight at Hermit Camp; go to river at moutb of Hermit Creek;
return up Hermit Trail to Rim; thraice to El Tovar over Hamit Eim
Road. Tr^s leave El Tovar and Bri^t Angel Cottages at 10 a, m.
and return next afternoon. Rates, $16.25 each person, including
guide, overnight accommodations, and meals en route and at HermU
Camp. Private guide, $5 per day extra.

QRAim CASTON NATIONAI. PABE. 29

Bright Ajigd TraiL—Hie trail here is geoerally opeo the year round.
In midwint^ it is liable to be closed for a day or two at the Utp by
Boow, but »uch blockade is not frequent. The trail rea<^es from the
hotel 7 miles to the Colorado Biver, with a bruich t^minating at the
top of the granite wall immediately overlooking the rivei. At thia
latter pcant tiie stream is 1,272 feet below, while El Tovar Hotel on
Ihe Sim is 3,158 feet above. The trip is made on mulebaek, ^cann^
panied by a guide.

Those wishing to reach the river leave the main trail at Indian
Garden and follow the downward course of Indian Gardrai and Pipe
Creeks.

Leave at 8.30 a. m. for the river trip, 7 miles; return to Rim 5.30
p. m. Eate, S5 each person. Leave 10.30 a. m. for trip to plateatf,
5 miles; rate, $4 each. Rates quoted above are for each person ia
parties of three or more. For speciaJ trips with leas than three per-
sons there is a party charge of $5 extra for guide. Limch extra,
except for El Tovar room guests.

It is necessary that visitors who walk down Bright Angel Trail
and desire that guide and mules be sent to meet them, be charged
full price and special guide fee of $5. This is uuavcddable, as the
mules and guides are not available for any otiier trip.

Hermit- Tonto-BrigM Angel Loop. — ^This trip takes two days and
one night. Hermit Rim Road to head Henoit Trail; down Hermit
Trail; stay overnight at Hermit Camp; go to river foot of Hermit
Creek; return along Tonto Trail to Indian Garden; thence up Bright
Angel Trail.

Start from El Tovar or Bright Angel Cottages at 10 a. m., and
r^um next afternoon. Round trip charge is $23.25 for each person;
private guide is 15 a day extra; rate quoted includes regular guide,
overnight accommodations, and meals en route.

Note, — This trip can be lengthened to three days and two nights
by spending an extra night in the canyon, also going to river at foot
of Bright Angel Trail — a 34-mtle journey. Rate, |14 a day, one pei^
son; $8 a day extra each additional person; provisions extra; includes
guide.

Driffing Spring. — This trip is made on horseback all the way, or
auto to Kim, and saddle horses down trail; 10 milee west, starts at
8.30 a. m. Rate, 15 each for three or more persons; for less than
three persons, $5 extra for guide. Private parties of three or more
persons, $5 extra for guide.

Recently many new bridle paths along the Rim and through the
pines of Tusayan have been opened up by the National Park Service,
80 that horseback riding now is possible for all. The animals are
well trained and dependable. Saddle horses cost $4 a day, or $2.50
a half day, English, McClellan, Whitmanj or Western stock saddles

Gooylc

30 GRAKD CANYON NATIONAL FABK.

furnished as requested. Sidesaddles not provided. The rate for spe-
cial guides is $5 a day, or $2.50 a half day. Horseback trips over
any of the trails into the canyon are only permitted when accom-
panied by guide. This is necessary to avoid risk in meeting trail
parties and pack trains.

There are several interesting foot trails near Grand Canyon vil-
lage. Information as to these may be obtained at the superintend-
ent's office.

CAMPING TRIPS.

Camping trips with pack and saddle animals, or with wagons and
saddle animals, are organized, completely equipped, and placed in
(jharge of experienced guides.

For climatic reasons it is well to arrange so that camping trips
during the season from October to April are mainly confined to the
inner canyon. For the remainder of the year, i. e., April to October,
they may be planned to include both the canyon itself and the rim
coimtry.

The rates vary from $10 to $15 a day for one person; $6 to $8 a day-
each additional person. Such rates specially include services of guide
and camp equipment; provisions extra; figures quoted are approxi-
mate only, varying with different outings.

Cataract Canyon and Havasupai viUage. — The best time to visit
this place is from May to Ocftober. A journey of about 50 miles, first
by wagon or auto, 35 miles across a timbered plateau, then on horse-
back down Topocobya Trail, along Topocobya and Cataract Canyons,
to the home of the Havasupai Indians.

The home of this little band of 200 Indians is in Cataract Canyon, a
tributary of the Grand Canyon, deep down in the earth two-fifths of a
mile. The situation is romantic and the surroundings are beautified
by falls of water over precipices several hundred feet high, backed by
grottoes of stalactites and stalagmites. This water all comes from
springs that gush forth in surprising volume near the Havasupai
village.

The baskets made by the Havasupai women consist of the burden
basket, a shallow tray, and a water bottle of willow. Those made by
the older weavers are of fine mesh, with attractive designs, and bring
good prices, Havasupai means people of the blue water. Padre
Garces was the first white man to visit their canyon home. In early
days the Havasupais undoubtedly were cliff dwellers. They built
nearly all the Grand Canyon trails, or rather their rude pathways were
the advance guard of the present trails. Their summer homes
resemble those of the Apaches. The winter homes afford more pro-
tection against the weather.

The round trip from El Tovar is made in three days, at an expense
of $15 a day for one person, $20 a day for two persons, and $25 a day

GKABD CANYON NATIONAL PABK. 81

for three persons. Each additional member after party of three, $5
a day; provisions extra. These rates include service for party of
one or two persons, also cost of horse feed, but do not include board
and lodging at Supai village for members of party and guide while
stopping with Indian agent, who charges $2 a day for each person.

For parties of three to six persons an extra guide is required, whose
services are charged for at $5 a day, besides his board and lodging at
the village.

Note. — At the western end of the Granite Gorge is a trail down to
the Colorado River and up the other side to Point Sublime and Pow-
ells Plateau, the river being crossed by ferry. Reached by team
from El Tovar, a distance of 24 miles, or it can be seen as a detour
on the Cataract Canyon trip; rates on application.

Desert View.- — Elsewhere reference is made to Desert View auto
trip. Wlien taken by wagon it occupies three days, leaving El Tovar
morning of first day and returning afternoon of third day, with all
night camp at destination. Rate, $10 for one person and $5 each
additional person; provisions extra; rate named includes one guide;
an extra guide costs $5 a day.

Little Colorado River.— The trip to the mouth of the Little Colorado
is a most interesting one. Leaving El Tovar in the morning by
wagon, camp is made the first day at Deer Tank. The next day the
cliff dwellings are visited and the plateau overlooking the Canyon
of the Little Colorado is reached by midday. From the edge of the
plateau to the bottom of the canyon is a straight drop of 2,500 feet.
Rates on application.

Painted Desert arid Hopi La7Ld.~Th.e trip is made with saddle and
pack animals. The first night the camp is at Saddle Horse Tanks.
Hopi Crossing of the Little Colorado is reached the next afternoon and
Tuba City the third day. The Hopi village of Moenkopie is seen en
route.

The Painted Desert country affords a most interesting study of a
phase of Indian entertainment, little known to white people. Rates
on application.

Other camping trips are being arranged for by the National Park
Service. Information may be obtained at the Superintendent's
Office.

SADDLE-HORSE TRIPS ON TIDE NORTH REW.

From the camp arrangements may be made for saddle-horse trips
to various points of interest on the North Rim and in the canyon.
Time required and rates are as follows:

Side trips and rates therefor from "Wiley Way" Camp, Bright
Angel Point :

To Point Harris, 1-day trip.

To Point Sublime, 2-day trip.

To Cape Royal, 2-day trip. GoOqIc

S& OBAND. CANYON NATIONAL PigK.

Saddle horses for titese trips or for special trips op the pl,ateaUj $3
each per day,

Pown. Bright Angel Trail to river,: a three-day trip, the, rate is $5
.per day for each horse-

Guide for all trips, $5 per day.

For all Qveniight trips one or. more pack horses must^accompany
the party, the rates for these being the same a£ for saddle horses.

Bedding and provisions, S2.50 per day for each person.

PETEmED FOREST NATIONAL MONUMENT.

Toiuistfl visiting Grand Canyon National;Park either by -rail or by
automobile should ^an a stopover At the Petrified Forest Kation^l
Monument,

There are three groups of petrified trees in this reservation. The
first forest lies 6 miles stHith of Adamana, Ariz., a station on the
main line of the Atchinson, Topeka ■£ Santa Fe :RailrD»d, and the
second forest is 2^ miles south of it. The third or Ilainbow forest
lies 13 miles soutii of Aduaana and 18 miles sMitheast of fHolbrook,
Ariz. It is beat to approach the third forest from Holbrook; ihe
other two are beat reachedfrom Adamana.

This area is of great interest because of the abundance of petrified
coniferous trees which lie scattered about in great prof^ion. None
are standing as in the Yellowstone National Park. Tliese trees
probably at one time grew beside an inland sea; after fallmg they
became water-logged, and during the decomposition the ceil struc-
ture was entirely replaced by silica derived from sandstone in the
surrounding land. Over a greater part of the entire area trees are
scattered in all conceivable positions and in fragments of all sizes.

In the first forest may be seen the well-known natural bridge,
consisting of a large petrified tree trunk 60 feet long spanning a can-
yon 45 feet wide, and forming a foot bridge over which anyone may
easily pass. The trunks in the Rainbow forest are larger than else-
where, more numerous and less broken. Several hundred entire
trees are found here, some of which are more than 200 feet long.
The color of the wood is deeper and more striking than in the other
locahties.

"There is no other petrified ftwest," says-Prof. Lester F. Ward,
"in which the wood assumes so many varied and interesting forms
and colors, and it is these that present the chief attraction for the
general public. The state of mineralization in which m.uch of this
wood exists almost places them among the gems or precious stones.
Not only are chalcedony, opals, and agates found amon_g them, but
many approach the condition of jasper and onyx. .The. degree 6f
hardness attained by them is such that they are said to make an
excellent quality of emery."

QBAHD CANyOS NAXI0N4L ViBS. 38

ADMINISTRATJON.

■Petrified -Forest NatioiLal Monument is under the jurisdiction at
;&e Director, National Park Service, Deptu-tinent of the Interior,
'W^tshutgton, C C. The Monument Custodian is located at Adamana,

CGSTS OF HUPS AND HOTEL ACCOMMODATIONS.

Except the small hotel, railway station, and store, there are few
buildings at Adamana. Mr, Wm. Nelson has charge of the hotel and
transportation accommodations. The hotel has sanitary plumhing,
iwith hot and cold water. Board and lodging may be had at $3 per
day, AmericAQ plan; 35 guests can be accommodated; in summer,
't«nts also are jwovided tor guests.

The round-trip fare to the first and second forests and natural
bridge is-$5 for one person, $3 per capita for two persons, and $2.50
per capita for three or mwe.

To the thH^, Blue, or North Sigillaria forests and Painted Deaert
"the fare is same as to the first and second forests.

Holbrook, the county seat town, has satisfactory hotel accommo-
dations, with prices about the same as at Adamana.

The petrified forest may be visited any day in the year, except
when high .wat^s make the streams temporarily impassable.

SSOe-OYER ABRANOEMBNTS.

Stop-overs are allowed at Adamana, not to exceed 10 days, on all
one-way tickets, also onsround-trip tickets within their_limits.

To obtain stop-overs on oiie->way tickets, notify train conductor
and deposit tickets with agent immediately after arrival; on round-
trip tickets notify train conductors.

RULES AND REGULATIONS.
GENERAL REGULATIONS.

{In. effect Mar. 1, 1920.)

The following rules and regulations for the government of Grand
Canyon National Park are hereby established and made pubhc, pur-
suant to authority conferred by the acts of Congress approved August
25, 1916 (39 Stat., 535), and February 26, 1919 (40 Stat., 1175).

1. Preservation of natural features avd curiosities. — ^The destruction,
injury, or .defacement, or disturbance in any way of the public
buildings, signs, equipment or other property, or the trees, flowers,
vegetation, rocks, minerals, animal or bird or other life, or other
.natural conditions and curiosities in the park, is prohibited.

2, Camping.—'No camp shall be made along roads except at desig-.
nated locaUties. Blankets, clothing, hammocks, or any other article
likely to frighten teams shall not be hung near the road. ^

34 QR&SD CANYON NATIONAL PARK.

Many successive parties camp on tlie same sites during the season;
therefore camp grounds shall be thoroughly cleaned before they are
abandoned. Tin cans, bottles, cast-off clothing, and all other debris
shall be placed in garbage cans or pits provided for the purpose.
When camps are made in unfrequented localities where pits or cans
may not be provided, all refuse shall be bumed or hidden where it
will not be offensive to the eye.

Campers may xise dead or fallen timber only, for fuel.

3. Fires. — Fires constitute one of the greatest perils to the park;
they shall not be kindled near trees, dead wood, moss, dry leaves,
forest mold, or other vegetable refuse, but in some open space on
rocks or earth. Siould camp be made in a locahty where uo such
open space exists or is provided, the dead wood, moss, dry leaves,
etc., shall be scraped away to the rock or earth over an area consid-
erably iai^er than that required for the fire.

Fires shall be lighted only when necessary and when no long^
needed shall be completely extinguished, and all embers and bed
smothered with earth or water, so that there remains no possibiUty
of reignition.

Especial care shall be taken that no lighted match, cigar, or cigarette is dropped
in any grass, twigs, lesTea.'or tree mold.

4. Hunting. — The park is a sanctuary for wild life of every sort,
and hunting, kiUing, wounding, capturing, or frightening any bird or
animal in the park, except dangerous animals when it is necessary to
prevent them from destroying life or infUcting injury, is prohibited.

The outfits, including guns, traps, teams, horses, or means of trans-
portation used by persons engaged in hunting, kiUing, trapping, en-
snaring, or capturing birds or wild animals, or in possession of game
killed on the park lands under circumstances other than prescribed
above, shall be taken up by the superintendent and held subject to
the order of the Director of the National Park Service, except in cases
where it is shown by satisfactory evidence that the outfit is not the
property of the person or persons violating this regulation and the
actual owner was not a party to such violation. Firearms are pro-
hibited in the park except on written permission of the superintendent.
Visitors entering or traveling through the park to places beyond shall
at entrance report and surrender all firearms, traps, nets, seines, or
explosives in their possession to the first park ofiicer and in proper
cases may obtain his written leave to carry them through the park
sealed. The Government assumes no responsibilities for loss or dam-
age to any firearms, traps, nets, seines, or other property so surren-
dered to any park ofiicer, nor are park ofiicers authorized to accept
the responsibility of custody of any property for the convenience of
visitors.

^dbyGoogk-

GKAITD CANTON NATIONAL PARK. 35

—Fishing yith nets, seines, traps, or by the use of
drugs or explosives, or in any other way than with hook and line, or
for merchandise or profit, is prohibited. Fishing in particular water
may be suspended, or the number of fiah that may be taken by one
person in any one day from the various streams or lakes may be regu-
lated by the superintendent. All fish hooked less than 6 inches long
shall be carefully handled with moist hands and returned at once
to the water if not seriously injured. Fish retained shall be killed.
Twenty fish shall constitute the limit for a day's catch, provided that
no more than 20 pounds of trout, bass, crappie, or catfish may be
taken in any one day.

6. Private operations.— No person, firm, or corporation shall reside
permanently, ei^age in any business, operate a moving-picture
camera, or erect buildings upon the Government lands in the park
without permission in writing from the Director of the National Park
Service, Washington, D. C. Applications for such permission may
be addressed to the Director or to the superintendent of the park.

7. Gambling. — GambUng in any form, or the operation of gambling
devices, whether for merchandise or otherwise, is prohibited.

8. Advertisements. — Private notices or advertisements shall not be
posted or displayed on Government lands within the park, excepting
such as the superintendent deems necessary for the convenience and
guidance of the public,

9. MiniTig.— The location of mining claims on Government lands
in the park is permitted only with the prior approval of the Secretary
of the Interior.

10. Patented lands. — Owners of patented lands within the park
limits are entitled to the full use and enjoyment thereof; the bounda-
ries of such lands, however, shall be determined and marked and
defined so that they may be readily distinguished from the park
lands. While no limitations or conditions are imposed upon the
use of private lands so long as such use does not interfere with or
injure the park, private owners shall provide against trespass by
their live stock upon the park lands, and all trespasses conunitted
will be punished to the full extent of the law. Stock may be taken
over the park lands to patented private lands with the written per-
mission and under the supervision of the superintendent, but such
pemussion and supervision are not required when access to such
private lands is had wholly over roads or lands not owned or con-
trolled by the United States.

11. Grazing. — The running at lai^e, herding, or grazing of liv©
stock of any kind on the Government lauds in the park, as well as
the driving of Uve stock over same, is prohibited, except where
authority therefor has been granted by the superintendent. Live
stock found improperly on the park lands may be impounded and
held until claimed by the owner and the trespass adjusted, ,v)qIc

36 GBAND CAlfYON NATIONAL PABE.

12. Authorised operators. — All persons, firms, or corporations hcAd-
ing frKDchisee in the park shall keep the' grounds used by them
properly policed and shall maintain the premises in a sanitary con-
dition to the satisfaction of the superintendent. No operator shall
retain in his employment a person whose presence in the park may
be deemed by the superintend^it subversire of good order and
management of tbe park.

Alt operators shall require eadi of their employees to wear a metal
badge, with a number thereon, or other mark of identification, the
name and the number corresponding therewith, or the identification
mark, being registered in the superintendent's office. These badges
must be worn in plain sight on the hat or cap,

13. Dogs and cats. — Cats are not permitted on the Government
lands in the park and dogs only to those persons passing through the
park to the territory beyond, in which instances tbey shall be kept
tied while trossing the park.

14. Dead animals. — All domestic uid grazed animals that may die
in the park at any tourist camp or along any of the public thorou^-
fares shall be buried hnmediately by the owner or person baring
charge ol SQch animals at least 2 feet beneath the ground, and in no
case lees than OD&'foarth mile from any camp or thoroughfare.

15. Travel on traih. — Pedestrians on trails, when saddle or pack
anim^ are pftseing them, shall remain quiet until the animals haTei
passed.

Fersoim traveling on the trails of the park either on foot or on
saddle uiimals shall not make short cuts but shall ccmfine then^
selves to the main trails.

16. Travel — general. — (o) Saddle horses, pack trains, and boree-
drawn Tehicles have right of way over motor-propelled vehicles at
all times.

(h) On sidehiB grades throughout the park motor-driven vehicles
shall take the outer side of the road when meeting or passing vehiclea
of any kind drawn by animals; likewise, freight, ba^age, and heavy
camping outfits shall take the outer side of the road on aidehill grades
when meeting or passing passenger vehicle drawn by animals.

id) All vehicles shall be equipped with lights for night travel. At
least one light shall be carried on the left front side of horse-drawn
vehicles, in a position such as to be visible from both front and rear.

17. Miseellan£<ms. — (a) Campers and others shall not wash
clothing or cooking utensils in the waters of the park, or in any
way pollute them, or bathe in any of the streams near the regularly
traveled thoroughfares in the park without suitable bathing clothes.

.GoLH^Ic

GAAJETD CANYON NATIONAL PA£K. 37

Q>) Stock shall not be tied eo as to permit their entering any of
the streams of tW park. All uiimals shall be kept a aufiKcient di^*
taoee fiotn caif^ing grounda ui order not to Utter the ground ood
fiiftke un£t for use the ajea which may b« ase^ later as tent »ite».

(«) Cutlers and all otiiera, 3«ye thoee h<ddiug licenses from the
' Krector (4 the Natkoial Park SeTTie*, are prohibited from hiring
tb«ir horseSr tr^piz^, or Tehifies to toimists or Tisitors in the park.

(i) All coutpiaints by toUTHts and others aa to 9er^e, etc.,
rendered in the park should be made to the superintendwit in writiog
before the com^aioant leares the park. Oral c«Mi^>Uiat» will be
beard dsi>y dom^ office hoars.

IS. Finss and peimhiea.- — Pearsons who render theapselTos obnoxious
by disorderly conduct or bad behavior shall be subjected to tlte
jnmkhmeat hereinafter preecribed for Ti<^ation of the foregoing
regBtati«»]s and Bzay be ssmmarily reoaoved from the park by the
^tperintendenfe and not allowed to return without penais^ein in
writii^ frean the Directed of the Katk«tal Park Service or the super-
intendent of the park.

Any persoa who violate* any (rf th« ioeegfrng regulations shall be
deemed gnU'ty oi a misdemeanM', and shall be fined not laora than
tfiOO or inqitrisfated not more than one year, or both.

AOTOMOBILE AND MOTORCYCLE REGULATIONS.

Purauant to authority conferred by the act of Congress approved
August 25, 1916 (39 Stat., 535), and the act of Congress approved
|February 26, 1919 (40 Stat., 1175), the following regulations gov-
erning the admission of automobiles and motorcycles into the Grand
Canyon National Park are hereby established and made public;

1. Entrances and /■oods.— Autranobiles and motorcycles may enter
and leave the park by, and travel over, any of the roads therein
which are open to motor vehicles.

Careful diwing is demanded of all persons using the roads. The
Government is in no way responsible for any kind of accident.

2. Motoreydee, — Motorcycles are admitted to the park imder the
same conditions as automobiles and are subject to the same regula- ■
tions as far as they are applicable. Automobiles and horse-drawn
Vehicles shall have the right of way over motorcycles.

3. Bours. — ^AutOToobUea shall not enter or leave the park or use
the park roads brfore 5.30 a. m. or after 10.30 p. m. except in case of
emergency.

4. JhU<Kdeation. — No p^sou who is under the inflaeuce of intoxi-
cating liquor, and no person who is addicted to the use of nai-cotic
dtugg shall operate or drive a motor vehicle of any kind on the park
roads.

5. Dwtanee apart; gears and ftj^ies.-— Automobiles while in motion
shall be not less than 50 yards apart, except for purpose of passing,
which is permissible only on comparatively level stretches of roads

So GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK,

or on slight grades. All automobiles, except while shifting gears,
shall retain their gears constantly enmeshed. The driver of each
automobile may be required to satisfy park officers that all parts of
his machine, particularly the brakes and tires, are in first-class work-
ing order and capable of making the trip, and that there is stifficient
gasoline in the tank to reach the next place where it may be obtained.
The automobile shall carry at least one extra tire. Motorcycles not
equipped with brakes in good working order are not permitted to
enter the park.

6. jS^e«5s.^-Speed is limited to 12 miles per hour on grades and
when rounding sharp curves. On straight open stretches when no
team is nearer than 200 yards the speed may be increased to 20 miles
per hour.

7. Horns. — The horn shall be sounded on approaching curves or
stretches of road concealed for any considerable distance by slopes,
overhanging trees, or other obsta,cles, and before meeting or pass-
ing other automobiles, motorcycles, riding or driving animals, or

, Lights. — ^All automobiles shall be equipped with head and tail
lights, the headlights to be of sufficient brilliancy to insure safety in
driving at night, and all lights shall be kept lighted after sunset
when automobile is on the road. Headlights shall be dimmed when
meeting other automobiles, motorcycles, riding or driving animals,
or pedestrians.

9. Muffler eui-outs. — Muffler cut-outs shall be closed while
approaching or passing riding horses, horse-drawn vehicles, hotels,
camps, or checking stations.

10. Teams. — When teams, saddle horses, or pack trains approach,
automobiles shall take the outer edge of the roadway regardless of
the direction in which it may be going, taking care that sufficient
room is left on the inside for the passage of vehicles and animals.
Teams have the right of way, and automobiles shall be backed or
otherwise handled as may be necessary so as to enable teams to pass
with safety. In no case shall automobiles pass animals on the road
at a speed greater than 8 miles an hour.

11. Overtaking vehicles. — Any vehicle traveling slowly upon any of
the park roads shall, when overtaken by a faster-moving motor Vehicle
and upon suitable signal from such overtaking vehicle, give way to the
ri^t, in Case of motor-driven vehicles, and to the inside,or bank side
of the road, in case of horse-drawn vehicles, allowing the overtaking
vehicle reasonably free passage, provided the overtaking vehicle does
not exceed the speed limits specified for the road in question.

When automobiles, going in opposite directions, meet on a grade,
the ascending machine has right of way, and the descending machine
shall be hacked or otherwise handled as may be necessary to enable
the ascending machine to pass with safety.

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GRAND CANTON NATIONAL PARK. 39

12. Accidents, stop-overs. — If, because of accident or stop for any
reason, automobiles are unable to keep going, they shall be inuno-
diately parked off the road or, where this is impossible, on the outer
edge of the road.

13. Fin.es and pen.dUies. — ^Tlie penalty provided by law for tIoIb"
tion of any of the foregoing regulations is a fine c^ not exceeding
$500 or impriaonment for not exceeding one year, or both, and such
violation shall subject the offender to immediate ejectment from the
park. Persons ejected from the park will not be permitted to return
without prior sanction in writing from the Director of the- National
Park Service or the superintendent of the park.

MAPS.

The following maps ' may be obtained from the Director of the
United States Geological Survey, Washington, D. C, Eemittances
should be made by money order or in cash.

Shdhtmo, 28^ by 25 inches, scale about I mile t« 1) inches, contour interval 50 feet.
Bright Anobl, 26 by 20i inches, scale about 1 mile to IJ inches, contour interval

50 feet. Contains a geologic history of Bright Angel Quadrangle, by L. F. Nobel

OD reverse side of map^
VisBNu, 28 by 21 inches, scale about 1 mile to IJ inches, contour interval 50 feet.

alls, and names are piinted In black, th« streams in blue, and tba
I linos.

LITERATURE.

GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS.

Government publications on Grand Canyon National Park may be
obtained as indicated below. Separate communications should be
addressed to the officers mentioned.

DISTRIBUTED FREE BY THE NATIONAL PARE 8

The following publications may be obtained free on written appli-
cation to the Director of the National Park Service, or by personal
appUcation to the office of the superintendent of the park.

Glimpsee of our National Parks. 48 pages.

Contains description ol the inost important teatures of the principal national parks.

Uap of National Parks and National Monuments,

Sbows location of all of the national parks and monumeDts administered b; the Natlcnal Faik Ser^
ice, and all rtilroad routes to tbeee reserTations.

SOLD BY THE SUPEBINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS.

The following pubUcations may be obtained from the Superintend-
ent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C,
at the prices indicated. Postage prepaid. Eemittances should be
made by money order or in cash.

Tke NftUonal Parks Portfolia. By R«b«rl SlerHnE Yard. 2C0 pages, including 270
{QitBtrations. Pamphlet edition, loose in flexible cover, 36 cents; book
edition, containing same material securely bound in cloth, SB cents.

Contalna Une sections, eaeb descriptive of a national park, and one a larger section devoted to other
parks and monuments.

le office of the superintendent ol the park, bt

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40 GRAKD CANYON NATIONAL PABK.

Guidebook of the Western United States, Part C, the Sante Fe Route, with a side
tripof the Grand Canyon o( the Colorado, by N.H.Dwton and others. (Bulle-
tin 613, U. S. Geological Survey,) 1915. 194 pagM, 35 route maps, 42 platee,
40 text figures. 60 cents.

This guide describes the coimtr; along the At«hlBOD, TopekB & Banta Te Roltooad tiem Kansas Cttj
to Los Angdes. Although the d«eciip^on ol the lookE and tb^ ralatlom and the scenic luatures
torm B iMge proportion o( the matter, nearly every page gives Information as to notable historic
(Tents, indnatrlBl TtEoDrces, plants, and aidiaalt. The Story of the Indians, paat and preMOt. (ape-
dally the oharaoterlstlc Fiieblo tribee, iB told in Bome detail. Many oTtbe lacts regarding the rocka
are here presented (or thu' ttrst time. The book oont^ns niuaerons views ot prominent sc«nie fea-
tures and pictures oF reetoratloa ol aome al the very remarkaUe uilnula whoee b<Hie3 are found [n
the cla;s.

BxploratioD of the Colorado River of the West and its Tributariee, by John Wesley

Powell. Explored in 1869, 1870, 1S71, and 1872. Pp. 291. Under the direction

of the secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Illustrated. Government

Printing Office, Washington, 1875, (Out of print.)
Pre-Cunbrian Igneous Rocks of the Unkar Teitane, Grand Canyon of the Colorado,

An*., by C. D. Walcott. U. 8, Geol. Surv, 14th Ann. Rept., pt. 2, pp. 497-534,

pis. 60-65. 1894. $2.10.
The Grand Canyon. Senate Doc, No. 42, 65tb Congress, Ist session, by Thomas

Fulton Dftwaon, Oovemment Printing Office, Wadiington, D. C, 1917. 67 pp.

Price 10 cents.
An article giving credit of first traversing the Grand Canyon to James White,

a Colorado gold prospector.
Tertiary History of the Grand Canyon District, by Clarence E. Dutton. U. S. Geol.

Surv. Mon., 2,264 pp., ill. and atlas, 1882. $10.

BIBUOGRAPHY.

Bell, William A. "New Tracks in North America" (a journal of travel and adventure
whilst engaged in the survey for a southern railroad to the Pacific Ocean durii^
l867-fi8, pp. 565). Scribner, Welford & Co., New York, 1870.

Berton, Francis, Membre Correspondent de la Bocieti de Geograpbie de Geneve.
"Un Voyi^ sur le Colorado." San Francisco, 1878, pp. 64. Casa Grande,
Tumacacori, Grand Cany on:-.

Bicknell, P. C. "Guidebook of the Grand Canyon of Arizona." A volume oE inter-
esting facts and gossip. Pp. 97. Copyright by Geoige U. Young, 1902,

Bowles, Samuel. "Our New West," pp. 624; Grand Canyon, pp. 500-503; Hartford
Publishing Co., Hartford, Conn., 1869.

Coiiklin, Enoch. "Kcturesque Arizona." Pp. S80, Grand Canyon, chap. 322t^35.
The Mining Record Printing EstabHdmient, No. 61 Broadway, 1878.

Couea, Elliott. "On the Trail of a Spanish Pioneer." Translation of the Diary and
Itinerary of Francisco Garcea. 2 vols., F. P. Harpw, New York.

Darton, N. H. "Story of the Grand Canyon of Arizona." Pp. 81. Published by
Fred Harvey, 1917. (A popular illustrated account of its rocks and origin.)

Dellenbau^, PVederick S. "A Canyon Voyage." Pp. 277. G. P. Putnam's Sons,

New York. Fully illustrated . ( The narrative of the second Powell expedition

■ down the Green-Colorado River from Wyoming and the explorations on land

in the years 1871 and 1872.) Price, $3.50.
"Breaking the. Wilderness." Pp. 360. G, P. Putnam's Sons, New York, 1905.

Fully illustrated. Grand Canyon chapter, pp. 318-927. Price, $3.50.
"The Romance of the Colorado River." Pp. 401. G. P. Putnam's Sons, New
York. P^lly illustrated. (A complete account of the discovery and of the
explorations from 1540 to the i^went time, with pwticulw reference to the
two voyages of Powell through the line of the great canywra.) Price, $3.50.

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GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK. 41

Holmes, BurU». Travelf^uea. Vol. 6, The Yellowstone National Park, The Grand

CanyoQ of the Arizona, Moki X«nd. 336 pagte, ill., 1908.
JaawB, Geoi^ Wharton. "A Little Journey to Strange Places and Peoples." For

Hume aad School Intermediate and Upper Grades. Pp. 269, Grand Canyon

Chapter; Ob to Wiliiama, pp. 338-260. Illustrated. A. Flanagan Co., Chicago,

1911.
"Arizona tbe Wond^laod." Pp. 478. The Grand Canyon, pp. 98-103. The

Page Company, Boston, 1917.
" Id and Aroond tbe Grand Canyon." Tbe Grand Canyon of theColoradoRiver

in Arizona. Littte, BrowB & Co., Boston, 1900. 341 pp., illuatrated.
"Oar Aniericftn Wondwlanda." Illustrated. Pp. 290. Containing Tbe Grand

Canyon of Arizona, pp. I-IO; The Canyon of Cataracts and the Havasupai

Indians,!^. 158-166. A. C. MeClHigJc Co.,Ckicaeo, 1915.
"The Grand Canyon of Arizona— How to See It." Pp. 265, illustrated. Little,

Brown & Co., Boston, 1910.
Eutb, E. L. "Throngb the Grand Canyon trtsa Wytmdng to Mexico]" with a fore-
word by Owen Wister; vitb 48 plates from photographs by the author and his

brother. The MacotiUan Co., New York, 1914. 344 pp., illustrated maps.

Price, $2.
laut.AgaesC, "Througb Our Unknown Soathwest."

the Petrified Forest, pp. 137-152. Illustrated.

York, 1913.
Lummis, C.F. "A Tramp Acroee the Continent." Pp. 270. Grand Canyon Chapter,

The Vei^ of the Desert, pp. 244-254. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1892.
"Some Strange Corners of Our Country " (The Wonderland of the Southwest).

Pp. 270. Grand Canyon Chapter, Tbe Grandest Goi^e in tbe World, pp. 1-19.

IllBstrated. Tbe Century Co., New York, 1892.
Ifitchelj, Daniel Holmes. "God's Country." The Grand Canyon Chapter, pp.

216-222. Illustrated. Tbe Elbert Richardson Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, 1910.
Mujr, John. "The Grand Canyon of tbe Colorado." Pp. 347-382. Steep Trails,

edited by Wm. FredOTicfc Bad6. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston and New

York, 1918. Illustrated.
Munk, J. A., M. D, "Arizona Sketcbee." ChajrtOT entitled Canyon Echoes, pp.

130-150. lUuatiated. The Grafton Press, New York, 1905. Illus., p, 230.

Price, 92 net.
Peiiotto, Ernest. "Our Hispanic Southwest." Pp.245. Illustrationsby the author.

Tbe Grand Canyon, an Impression, pp. 129-135. Charles Scribner's Sons,

New York, 1916.
Pepin, S. D., geolf^ist. Origin of Grand Canyon, including Discovery and Brief

History. Copyt^t 1916. Pp. 30. J. A. Alles Co., printers, Loa Angeles.
Popham, WillituB Lee. "Grand Canyon of Arizona Bomance." Description beii^

from author's observation. Tbe World Supply Co., Louisville, Ky., 1913.

94 pp. Price, 91.
Powell, John Wesley. "Canyons of the Colorado." With many ii lustrations. Pp.

396. Flood & Vincent, Meadville, Pa. The Chautauqiia-Century Press, 1895.
"First through the Grand Canyon "(beii^ the record of the pioneer exploration of

the Colorado River in 1869-70, edited by Horace Kepbart, New York. Outing

Pnblifiiing Co. 1915. 320pp. Price, $1. (OutingAdventureLibraryNo.4.)
Pnidden. ilitchell. "On tbe Great American Plateau." 'Pp. 237. (Wanderings

among Canyons and Buttes in the Land of tbe CliH-dweller and the Indian of

to-day.) Illustrated with photographs and with original drawings by Edward

Leami:^. C. P. Putnam's Sons, New York and London, 1906. Grand Canyon

Chapters, "Under the Spell of tbe Grand Canyon," pp. 36-71; "A Little Story

of World-Making," pp. 72-89. ,

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42 QBAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK.

Robinson, WillH. TheStory of Arizona. Pp. 458. Grand Canyon Chapter, "Scenic
Arizona," pp. 367-378. The Berryhill Co., Plioenix, Ariz., 1919.

Santa Fe Railway SyaWm. The Grand Canyon of Arizona, 1902-1909 (being a book
of words from many pens about the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River in
Arizona), pp. 160-161. Robert M, McBride & Co,, New York. -

Saunders, Chariea Francis. "Finding the Worth While in the Southwest." Pp. 231.
Grand Canyon Chapter, The Grand Canyon of the Colorado River in Arizona,
pp. 150-161. Robert M. McBride & Co., New York City, 1918.

Smith, W. W. "The Grand Canyon of Arizona and the River That Made It The
Colorado." Copyrighted 1913 by W. W. Smith, pp. 32.

Steele, David M. "Going Abroad Overland." Pp. 197, 16 plates, 2 maps. Putnama,
New York, 1917.

van Dyke, Henry. The Grand Canyon and other Poems. 78 pp. Charles Scribner^
Sons. 1914. Price S1.35.

Warner, Charles Dudley. "Our Italy." Two chapters on Grand Canyon, The Heart
of the Desert, pp. 177-188; On the Brink of the Grand Canyon— The Unique
Marvel of Nature, pp. 189-200. Harper & Bros., New York, 1891.

Whiting, Lillian. "The Land of Enchantment," with illustrations from photo-
graphs. Pp. 347. Little, Brown & Co., 1906. Dedicated to the uufading
memory of Maj. John Wesley Powell, the great explorer. (Grand Canyon
Chapter, The Carnival of the Gods, pp. 311-338.)

Woods, G. K. "Personal Impressions of the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River."
As seen through nearly two thousand eyea, and written in the private visitora'
book of the world-famous guide, Capt. John Hance, guide, story-teller, and
pathfinder. Collected and compiled by 0. K. Woods. Illustrations. Pp.
152. The Whitaker & Ray Co., San Francisco, 1899.

Yard, R. S. "The Book of the National Parks,'" with maps and illustrations. Pp,
420. Charles Scribncr's Sons, New York, 1919. Grand Canyon chapter; A
Pageant of Creation. IlluBtrated, pp. 328-351.
"The Top of the Continent." Grand Canyon chapter; The Greatest Ditch in
the Worid. Pp. 213-244; illustrated. Charles Scribner's Sons Co., New York,
1917.

OTHER NATIONAL PARKS.

Kules and Kegulations' similar to this for national pu-ks listed
below may be obtained free of charge by writing to the Director of
the National Park Service, Washington, D. C.

Yellowstone National Park.
Mount Rainier National Park
Yoeemite National Park.
Mesa Verde National Park.
Sequoia and General Grant National
Parks.

The Hot Springe of Arkaneae.
Glacier National Park,
Wind Cave National Park.
Rocky Mountain National Paric.
Crater Lake Natioual Park.

NATIONAL MONUMENTS.

The following publication relating to the national monumenta
may be obtained free of charge by writing to the Director of the
National Park Service, Washington, D. C:

Casa Grande National Monument.

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AUTHORIZED RATES FOR PUBUC UTILITIES,
SEASON 1921.

HOTELS AND PUBUC CAMPS.

Thb ffdlowing bot^s, etc., are operated by Fred Harvey:
ELTOTAR.

The El Tovar ia located at tbe railroad tenninna, near the head
at Bright Ai^el Trail, at an elevation c^ 9,866 feet above sea level,
mi open all the year. It is a long, low structure, built of native
bowlders and pine logs. There are '93 sleeping rooms accommo-
dating 175 guests. Forty-six of these rooms are connected with
private bath.

There is a music room and rendezvous. In the main dining room
165 persons can be seated at one time.

Hot and cold water, steam beat, and electric light are supplied.
El Tovar also has a steam laundry.

Aulharized raUs at El Tovar Sotet.
American plaa:

One pereon in rooia without bath, per day ; (6,00

One person in room with bath, pwday 8. 00

There are few exceptional rooms with batb carrying an additional

UealsDoly:

Breakfast 1.25

Luncheon L25

Dinner 1.60

BRIGHT ANGEL COTTAGES.

Cozy lodgings in cottages or tents at Bright Angel Cottages,
adjacent to El Tovar. The accommodations are clean and com-
fortable. There are four cottages, open the year round and several
lai^e tents for summer only. All of the cottages have steam heat
and electric light; one cottage also has baths. About 160 persons
can be accommodated here. Meals are furnished a la carte at the
caf6. Kitchen facilities are ample for quick a la carte service,

Authorized rata at Bright Angtl cottages.
Iiwlging only, per day, per pereoo IL 50-92

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38 QBA9D CANYON NATIONAL TASK.

HEBMIT CAMP.

On Tonto Plateau at the foot of Hermit Train; consists of a central
dining room, lounge tent, and 11 sleeping tents, accommodations tfs
30 persons.

AjilliorUed rate* at Hermit Camp.

AmericAD plan, per day, per person |5

DESERT VIEW,

Overlooking Painted Desert, Marble Canyon, and Grand Canyon,
several cottages may be occupied for limited periods. ' See page 40.

WYLIE WAY CAMP ON NORTH RIM.

At Bright Angel Point on the North Rim is "Wylie Way" Tourist
Camp, consisting of a central dining tent and comfortable sleeping
tents, with accommodations for 25 persons. Rates are $6 per day.

EEST HOUSES.

THE LOOKOUT.

The Lookout i» a quaint observatory and rest house, built on the
edge of the i4m near the head of Bright Angel Trail. It is equipped
with a lai^e lunocular telescope in the tower, for observing the most
distant reaches of the canyon by day and for viewing the heavens
by night. There is a small library for the layman and scientists
Canyon maps and photos are for sale. The reception room has
spacious windows, a fireplace, Navajo rugs, and easy chairs; it is
electric lighted and steam heated.

HERMIT'S REST.

Where Hermit Rim Road ends and Hermit Trail begins is a unique
rest house, buUt into the hill, with a roofed-in porch and parapet
wall. As the name imphes, it is intended to provide rest and shelter
for parties who take the Rim Road drive, or the Hermit Trail trip.
Guests may sit at the tables outside or sheltered by the glass front
inside, according to weather, and enjoy a light lunch in unusual sur-
roundings. Admission is by ticket. Tickets may be obtained at
El Tovar or Bright Angel Camp, at 50 cents.

SHOPS AND STOKES.
HOPl HOUSE.

Opposite El Tovar is a reproduction of the dwellings of the Hopi
Indians and several Navajo hogans.

In Hopi House are installed collections of Indian handiwork.
Here also live a small band of Hopis, who are among the more piimi-

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GRAND CANTON NATIONAL PARK. 89

Uve of our Inditins. The men weave blanketa and the women make
pottery.

The homes of the Hopis are on the edge of the Painted Desert,
perched on the crests of lofty mesas where they Uve as did their
forebears and cling to their high dwelhijg place. They are indus-
trious, thrifty, orderly, and mirthful. A round of ceremonies, each
terminating in the pageants, called "dances," marks the different
seasons of the year. Subsisting almost wholly by agriculture in an
arid r^on of uncertain crops, they find time between their labors
for light-hearted dance and song, and for elaborate ceremonials,
which are grotesque in the Ratchina, or masked dances, ideally
poetic in the flute dance, and intensely dramatic in the snake dance.
In the three and a half centuries of contact with the white race
their manner of life has not materially changed. The Indian tribes
that roamed over mountain and plain have become wards of the
Government, but the Pueblo Indian has absolutely maintained his
individuality.

The Navajo women weave fine blankets and many of the men are
expert silversmiths, who fashion bracelets, rings, and other articles
from Mexican coin silver. The Navajo Indian Reservation— one of
the largest in the United States— borders Marble Canyon on the
east. They are a pastoral people, intelligent, and, like the Hopia,
self-supporting. They own large numbers of sheep, cattle, and
horses. The Navajoa are tall, rather slender, and agile. They have
been rightly called the Bedouins of the Desert. Nowhere are they
gathered into permanent villages. Although "civilized," they still
ding to old customs and old religious forms. The medicine man, or
Shuoau, has a lai^e following, if not a laige per cent of cures. Their
dance cereraonies are weird in the extreme. The fire dance is a
spectacular 10-day ceremony, seldom witnessed by white men, and
occurring only onCe in seven years,

Supai Indians from Cataract Canyon frequently visit El Tovar.

EOLB BBOS,' STUDIO.

Kolb Bros.' studio is at the head of Bright Angel Trail. The Kolb
Bros, give, each day, an interesting lecture, illustrated with motion
pictures and shdes, describing their boat trip through the canyons
of the Green, Grand, and Colorado Rivers. Admission, 50 cents.

Here, too, visitors may view the canyon through a telescope and
obtain rehable information. Photographic views and other pictures,
representing their many years' exploration of the Grand Canyon,
are for sale.

The Iiide-pendent Store, which is situated on the Rim just east of
the Hopi House, carries a stock of Indian handiwork and cmios.

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46 OB&ND CAXTON THATIOSAL PABK.

SIGHT-SBEiNG TRIPS BV ROAa
REGULAR TRIPS BY AUTOMOBILE.

The foUowing trips are available every day in the year by auto-
mobile :

Rermit's Rest. — Stopping en route at Maricopa, Hopi, Mohave,
and Pima Points. First trip starts at 10 a. m.,. returning to El
Tovar and Bright Angel about 12 noon. Second trip starts at 2
p. m., returning to El Tovar and Bright Angel about 4 p. m. Third
tcip starts at 4 p. nx., returning to El Tovar at 6 p. m. Rate, $3.
This rate includes use of facilities and light refreshments at Hennit's
Kest. This drive is 15 miles round tript along the Rim Road, lliere
is also a sunset trip to Hopi or Mohave Points, leaving El Tovar and
Bright Angel Camp at 6.30 and returning about 7.45.

Hopi Point. — El Tovar to Hopi Point, 2 miles west; rate, St. 50.

Mohave Point. — Three miles west; rate, $2.

' REGULAR SUMMER TRIPS BY AUTOMOBILE.

The following trips are availabfe through the summer season (ap-
proximately from Apr. 15 to Nov. 15).

GrandMiem. — Through forest of tall pines via Long Jim CanyoH
and Thor's Hammer, 13 miles each way; time about 3^ hours. L^ive
El Tovar 9.30 a. m. and 2 p. m. daily. Rates, S4. From Gran*-
view may be seen that seetiim of the canyon from Bright Angd
Creek to Marble Canyon, including the great bend of the Colorado.
On the eastern wall are Moran, Zuni, Papago, Pinal, Lipan, Navajo,
(Desert View), and Comanche Points; and the mouth of the Little
Colorado River. Still farther beyond is the Fainted I>esert and
Navajo Mountain — the latter plainly seen, though 120 miles a*ay.
The rim trail to Moran Point is interesting. Grandview Trail liters
the canyon near Grandview Point.

Desert Vie,w. — Thirty-two miles each way via Long Jim OanyeB,
Thor's Hammer, Grandview, Hull Tank, Trash Dam, Tanner Tank,
Old Aztec Ruin, Lipan Point, and head of Tanner Trail. Two round
trips a day, leaving El Tovar about 9 a. m., and returning by 1.30
p. m. Rate fca" one person, $20 ; f off two persons, $10 each ; for three or
more persons up to capacity of car, $8 eaeh. Special auto for parties
of six persons or less, $48 ; lunch extra, except for El Tovair goesks.

At this point theve^ is a far outk>ok not only intO' the emiytm. above
the Granite Gorge, where the river vaEey widens, but also across the
Fainted Desert, toward Hopi Land, and along the Insert Palisades
to the mouth of the Little Colorado. At simset and sunriBe it is a
glorious sight. For that reason one preferably should arrange to afeay
overnight— a camping trip elsewhere refwred to. One and one-half
miles west of Desert View is Lipan Pcant, aSordiDg an ese^sat view
of this whole region.

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Q]UNP CAJfTOS NATKNAS. TUOL. 41

FECIAL SUMKOR TBIP& BX AUTOMOBII£.

These trips dopemt upon condition of roads and may be at times
discontinued.

Bass's Cdm-p, 24 nu^es, and Harasupai Pmat, t mile beyond.
Rate same as Desert View trip.

Yavapai avd Grandeur Points. — This drive extends 2 miles east of
ElTovar. Rate, $1.

PRIVATE CONVEYANGB IUTK&

Where special cars are desired, an extra charge of $2 is made for
entire party, besides the individual rate for regular service.

As an example: The rate for regular trip to end of Rim Koad is
$3 each person. If one person desires to make this trip in a special
conveyance, that person would pay $5.; if two persons go, the entire
expense would be $8; for three persons, Sll; and so on up to six.
The $2 extra is collected for the party as a whole, and not individu-
aUy.

Other rates for special autos vary with service performed.

Note. — If the demand for regular-trip drives is so heavy as to
require use of all conveyances available, private trips will be discon-
tinued temporarily.

GARAGE SERVICE.

There is at Cif and Canyon a large stime garage with ajxiple facilities
for repairing and Bup^^ying automobiles. Tli& rate for storage of
automobiles is tl per day.

TRAIL TRIPS.

Henrnt TraU, stofpmg ai Hemai Camp otiefm^.— Time, two days
and' one nigbt. Hermit Road by auto. Down Hermit Trail, stay
OTemi^t at Humit Camp; go to river at mouth of Hermit Creek;
retiuTi up Hermit Trail to Rim; thence to El Tovor over Hermit Rim
Road. Trips, leave El Tovar and Bright Angel Cottages at 10 a. m.
and return next aftemocm. Rates, $18.25 each person, including
guide, ov^night accommodations, and meals en route and at Hermit
Cunp. IMvate guide, %5 per day extra.

Bright Angd JVaiZ.— The trail heie is generally open the year round.
In midwinter it is Halde to be closed for a day or two at the top by
snow, hot siDch blockade is not frequent. The trail reaches from the
hoi«l 7 mites to the Colorado River, with a branch terminating at the
top of the granite wall LmmediabeLy overlooking the river. At thia
latter point the stream is 1,272 feet below, while El Tovar Hotel on
A« Rim is 3,158. feet above. The trip is made on mulehaok, accom-
panied by a guide.

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43 GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK.

Those wishing to reach the river leave the main trail at Indian
Garden and f6llow the downward course of Indian Garden and Pipe
Creeks.

Leave at 8.30 a. m. for the river ti\p, 7 miles; return to Kim 5.30
p. m. Rate, $6 eaeh person. Leave 10.30 a. m. for trip to plateau,
5 miles; rate, S5 each. Bates quoted above are for each person in
parties of three or more. For special trips with less than three per-
sons there is a party chai^ of $5 extra for guide. Limch extra,
except for El Tovar room guest^i.

It is necessary that visitors who walk down Bright Angel Trail
and desire that guide and mules be sent to meet them, be charged
full price and special guide fee of $5. This is unavoidable, as tlie
mides and guides are not available for any other trip.

Hermit— Tonto- Bright Angel Xoop.^This trip takes two days and
one night. Hermit Rim Road to head Hermit Trail; down Hermit
Trail; stay overnight at Hermit Camp; go to river foot of Hermit
Creek; return along Tonto Trail to Indian Garden; thence up Bright
Angel Trail.

Start from El Tovar or Bright Angel Cottages at 10 a. m,, and
return next afternoon. Round trip charge is S23.25 for each person;
private guide is $5 a day extrai; rate quoted includes regular guide,
overnight accommodations, and meals en route.

Note. — This trip can be lengthened to three days and two nights
by spending an extra night in the canyon, also going to river at foot
of Bright Angel Trail — a 34-mile journey. Rate, $14 a day, one per-
son; $8 a day extra each additional person; provisions extra; includes
guide.

Dripping Spring. — This trip is made on horseback all the way, or
auto to Rim, and saddle horses down trail; 10 miles west, starts at
8,30 a. m. Kate, $5 each for three or more persons; for less than
three persons, $5 extra for guide. Private parties of three or more
persons, 15 extra for guide.

. Recently many new bridle paths along the Rim and through the
pines of Tusayan have been opened up, so that horseback ri ding no^v
is possible for all. The animals are well trained and dependable.
Saddle horses cost $4 a day, or $2.50 a half day. English, McCiellan,
Whitman, or Western stock saddles furnished as requested. Side-
saddles not provided. The rate for special guides is $5 a day, or
$2.50 a half day. Horseback trips over any of the trails into the
canyon are only permitted when accompanied by guide. This is
necessary to avoid risk in meeting trail parties and pack trains.

There are several interesting foot trails near Grand Canyon vil-
lage. Information as to these may be obtained at the superintend-
ent's office.

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.GRAND. CANYON NATIONAL PASS.

CAMPING TRIPS.

Camping trips with 'pack and saddle animals, or with wagons and
saddle animals, are organized, completely equipped, and placed in
charge of experienced guides.

For climatic reasons it is well to arrange so that camping trips
during the season from October to April are mainly confined to the
inner canyon. For the remainder of the year, i. e., April fo October,
they may be planned to include both the canyon itself and the rim
country.

The rates vary from $10 to $15 aday for one-person; $6 to $8 a day
each additional person. Such rates specially include services of guide
and camp equipment; provisions extra; figures quoted are approxi-
mate only, varying with different outings.

Cataract Canyon and Bavasupai village. — The best time to visit
this place is from May to October. A journey of about 50 miles, first
by wagon or auto, 35 miles across a timbered plateau, then on horse-
back down Topocobya Trail, along Topocobya and Cataract Canyons,
to the home of the Havasupai Indians-

The home of this little band of 200 Indians is in Cataract Canyon, a
tributary of the Grand Canyon, deep down in the earth two-fiftbs of a
mile. The situation is romantic and the surroundings are beautified
by falls of water over precipices several hundred feet high, backed by
grottoes of stalactites and stalagmites. This water all comes from
springs that gush forth in surprising volume near the Havasupai
village.

The bEiskets made by the Havasupai women consist of the burden
basket, a shallow tray, and a water bottle of willow. Those made by
the older weavers are of fine mesh, with attractive designs, and bring
good prices. Havasupai means people of the blue water. Padre
Garces was the first white man to visit their canyon home. In early
days the Havasupais undoubtedly were cliff dwellers. They built
nearly all the Grand Canyon trails, or rather their rude pathways were
the advance guard of the present trails. Their smnmer homes
resemble those of the Apaches. The winter homes afford more pro-
tection against the weather.

The round trip from El Tovar is made in three days, at an expense
of $15 a day for one person, $20 a day for two persons, and $25 a day
for three persons. Kach additional member after party of three, $5
a day; provisions extra. These rates include service for party of
one or two persons, also cost of horse feed, but do not include board
and lodging at Supai village.

For parties of three to six persons an extra guide is required, whose
services are chained for at $5 a day.

Note, — ^At the western end of the Granite Gorge is a trail down to
the Colorado Kiver and up the other side to Point Sublime and Pow-

c;oogic

44 ekXSD CAKYOK NATTOKAL PARK.

ells Plateau, the river b«ng erossed by ferry. Reached by team
fiom El ToTBT, a distance of 24 milee, or it can be seesi as a detour
on the Cataract Canjon trip; rates on application.

Desert View. — Elsewhere reference b nude to Desert View auto
trip. When taken by wagon It occupies three days, leaving El Tovar
morning of first day fuid returning afternoon of third day, with aU
night camp at destination. Rate, tlO for one person and S5 each
additic»ial person; provisions extra; rate naxied includes one guide;
an extra guide costs $5 a day.

Little Colorado River, — The trip to the mouth of the Little Colttfado
is a most interesting one. Leaving EU Tovar in the moniiiig by
wagon, camp is made the first day at Deer Tank. The next day the
cliff dwellings are visited and the plateau overlooking the Canyos
of the Little Colorado is readied by midday. From the edge of the
plateau to the bottom of the canyon is a straight drop of 2,500 fe«t
Bates on application.

Painted Desert arid Bopi Latid. — The trip ia made with saddle and
pack animals. The first night the camp is at Saddle Horse Tanks.
Hopi Crossing of the Little Colorado is reached the next afternoon and
Tuba City the third day. The Hopi village of Moenkopie is seen es
route.

The Painted Desert country affords a most interesting study of a
phase of Indian entertainment, little known to white people. Ratea
on application.

Other camping trips are being arranged for by the National Park
Service. Liformation may be obtained at the Superintendent's Office.

SADDLE-HORSE TRIPS ON THE NORTH RIM.

From the camp arrangements may be made for saddle-horse tripe
to various points of interest mi the North Run and in the canyon-
Time required and rates are as follows:

Side trips and rates therefor from "Wylie Way" Camp, Bright
Angel Point:

To Point Harris, 1-day trip.
To Point Sublime, 2-day trip.
To Cape Royal, 2-day trip.

Saddle horses for these trips or for special trips on the plateau, $3
each per day.

Down Bright Angel Trail to river, a three-day trip, the rate is $5
per day for each horse.

Guide for all trips, $5 per day.

For all overnight trips one or more pack horses must accompany
the party, the rates for these being the same as for saddle horses,

Beddii^ and provisions, $2.50 per day for each person.

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A PORTION OF THE F[RST FOREST.

''^"cpipha by Wm. NbImmi.

ROOT OF PETRIFIED TREE. 7 FEET IN DIAMETER.

PETRIFIED FOREST NATIONAL MONUMENT, ARIZONA.

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,'op)Tlght by Fred Harvey.

COMING DOWN A STEEP STRETCH ON THE HERMIT TRAIL.

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USX DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

ALBERT B. FAIX. SECRETARY

.NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

- STEPHEN T, MATHER. DIRECTOR

RULES AND REGULATIONS

GRAND CANYON

NATIONAL PARK

ARIZONA

GRAND CANYON FROM NEAR MOHAVE POIN

OPEN ALL THE" YEAR

Google

HAVASUPAI INDIAN RESERVATION IN THE HAVASU CANYON.

HAVASUPAI INDIAN WOMAN GRINDING CORN IN A METATE.
These Indians are extremely primitive In ihelr methods and manner of lit

oylc

THE HATIOITAL PARKS AT A OLANOE.

(Numtw, 19; totslarea, 11,304 aqoare miles.]

Suloaa) parks iD

Locaticm.

Area In

SIT

"««p'i^

Many liMeb and boardluE houses— 17 bath-
bouses under publk conlFSC

^"--^

mmg.

3,3*8

demess.graalest wild bird and animal preserve

Middle tasUm Call-
fomla.

152

The Big Tree Natitmal Park-several hundred

Middle eastvn CaU<

1,128

="«SS''--%^rS

1S90

General Grant

Middle tasUm Call-
rornla.

•

Crested ta preserve the celebrated General Grant
Tree, 36 feet in diameter— 6 mites from Sequoia

Mount IWttler

West Central Wash-
ington.

S24

gijM|£SSSs

^'"13^

249

Lake of eitracrdlnary Uue in oater of extlnet
Tolcano-Bldes 1 ^leet blgb-Interestinglara

South Dakota.

numerous chambers oontaioing peculiar forma-

1903

"SSl.l^i^?°^ "'^ '^'^^ possessing
Small paA with woods, streams, and a lake— Is

1604

BonthwMtem Cao-
redo.

«gas?."'..»=rnS'S?KA'

*"°^'-mo

tana.

^racl«r-2S0 g&-(ed lakes ot romantic
beauty— 60 small gladera— PredplMs thou-
sands of (eet deep— Almost semiBtlonalsceDery

Rocky Mountain...

North inid<)le Colo-
rado.

3BTi

gtadat period.

118

Three separate areati-KilBiieB and Mauna Loa
OB Hawaii, Haleakala on Maui.

i9ia

lessen V^nle....

Nortbera Calif omla.. ..

121

Only active volcano In United States proper—

Mount McKlnley...

South Central Alaska..

2,8«

Etriiest mountain In North America—Klses

Orand Canyon

Noitb oentralAiteoua.

968

Tbe greatest example oF erosion and the most
sutSlme spectactelu tbe world.

^'SSf.JL'"^ """"^ -^ """

beauty and sobqIc Interest.

1919

107604—22 2

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The
National Parks Portfolio

(THIRD EDITION)

A ptcsentadon of the national
/& parks and national monu-

meols in picture. The selection is

Oa^eMhut

liam the beit work of many pho-

tografJiers, professional and amateur.

each of a national park, and oac larger

chapter devoted to other parks and

monuments. 24fl pages, including

306iQuttratioDs

^Seat poMpaid, upon leccif* of piice in
cub oc money ordei. hj the Sapemilendent
of Documenti, Govenimeiil Piinliog OlEce,
WubiiiglOB, D. C

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General deecription

A m^ty spectacle

The firet view

Living at the Gnmd Canyon

Free public camp p-ound

Seeii^it from the rim

Descendii^ the canyon

The Hennit Trail

The Floor Trail

The Havaeu Casyos

Origin of the Grand Canyon

History of the canyon

The canyon as a resort

The north rim <rf the canyon

Tables of distances and altitudes

RoadB

Trails

Derivation of names used on Grand ('anyon maps. .

List of birds

How long to stay

What to wear

How to reach the park . .

Byrai]

By automobile

Automobile supplies

Groceries

Water

Public utilitiee and ci

Poet office.

Tel(^raph

Telephone

National Park service stations

Medical service

Reselling the north rim

Petrified Forest National Monument

Adminiatration

Coats of trips and hotel accommodations. .

Stopover arrangements

Itnles and regulations

G«ival reflations

Automobile and motorcycle regulations. . .

Maps

literature

Government publications

Biblic^raphy

Other national parks

Authwiied rates tor public utilities

Uolelsand public camps

El Tovar Hotel

Bright Angel cottages

Hermit Cabins

Phantom Ranch

TI CONTENTS.

Authoiized rates for public utilitieo — Continued. Piga

Reethoiuee 42

The Lookout ,,., 42

Hennit'sReet ,'...„,: 42

Shope and etoree 42

Bopi Bouae 42

Kolb Brothera Studio 43

Sight-fleeing tripfl byroad 43

Repilar tripe by automobile 43

Kermit'sReet 43

Eopi Point 44

Mohave Point 44

R^fular summer trips by automobile 44

Grand View 44

DeeertView 44

Special summer trips by automobile 44

Private conveyance rates 46

Garage service 46

Trail trifw 46

Hermit trail 46

Bright Angel Trail 45

Hennit-Tonto-Bright Angel Loop 46

Thre»-dEty Ribbon Falls trip 46

Acroaa Grand Canyon to Kaibab National Forest on North Rim 46

Kipping Spring 47

Saddle horses .; 47

<&inpiDg trips 47

Havaeu Canyon and Havasupat Village 47

DeeertView 48

little Colorado River 48

Painted Desert and Hopi Land 48

The North Bim 49

Auto transportation from Utah points 49

Wylie Way Camp 50

Saddle horae tripe 60

MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS.

Grand Canyon from near Mohave Point Front.

Havasupai Indian Reservation in the Havasu Canyon Inside front.

Havasupai Indian woman grinding com in a metate Inside front.

Petrified Forest National Monument, Arizona, a portion of the Firat

Forest Inaide back.

Root of petrified tree, 7 feet in diameter Ineddeback.

Coming down a steep stretch on the Hermit Trail Back.

Map of Grand Canyon National Park 23

Map of Arizona showing railroad connections to Grand Canyon, National Park. 24
Map showing principal automobile routes in Colorado, Utah, Arizona, and New

Mexico 26

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GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION.

The Grand Canyon National Park is in northern Arizona. lis
958 square miles inclose 56 miles of the Grand Canyon stretching
west of its beginning at the mouth of the Marble Canyon. Throt^
it winds the Colorado Eirer for a distance of 103 miles. From rim
to rim the canyon varies from 8 to 20 miles in width ; it is more than
a mile deep measured from the north rim, which averages nearly s
thousand feet higher than the south rim. The eastern boundary
includes the lofty painted walk east of which lies the Painted Desert.
lis western boundary includes the broad Havasu. Canyon, tributary
from the south, in whose depths we find the Havasupai Indian Reser-
T&tioa and -a, group of fine waterfalls markedly different from any in
our other national parks.

The park boundaries hug the rim closely. Very little of .the coun-
try back of the rim is included in the reservation, scarcely .«knough in
places to take care of the great increase of travel which nationfd
parkbood will bring to the Grand Canyon during the next Several
years. These border lands are wonderfully attractive. The north-
em rim is heavily forested with pine and spruce interspersed with
beautiful glades of quaking aspen. The southern rim carries a
slender semiarid lowering v^etation of rich beauty and wide variety
and south of the railroad station lie a few square miles of fine yellow
pine forest.

The Grand Canyon was made a national park in February, 1919,
thirty-three years after Benjamin Harrison, then Senator from
Indiana, introduced the first of several bills to give it park status.
Politics, locfj apathy, and private interests, which sought to utilize
its water power and to find minerals in its depths, were the principal
causes of delay. All efforts failing to make it a national park, in
190S President Roosevelt made it a national monument. Once a
railroad was surveyed through it. A scenic railroad was projected
along its south rim. Less than a year before it became a park efforts
Were making in New York to raise money to dam its waters for power
and irrigation.

A MIGHTY SPECTACXE.

There is no doubt that the Grand Canyon Is one of the world's
Tery greatest spectacles. It is impossible to compare it with the
tremendous white spectacle of the Himalayas, or with the House of

ityGoO^lc

2 GRAND CANTON NATIONAL PARK.

Everlasting Fire of the Hawaii National Park, or with the 17,000
feet of snow and glacier which rise abruptly between the observer's
eyes and the summit of Mount McKinley, because it has nothing in
common with any of these. But of its own kind there is nothing
in the world which approaches it in form, size, and glowing color;
it is much the greatest example of stream erosion. And in its power
to rouse the emotion of the looker-on to stupefy or to exhilarate, it
has no equal of any kind anywhere, unless it be the starry firma-
ment itself.

Approaching by rail or road, the visitor comes upon it suddenly.
Pushing through the woods from the motor camping ground, or
climbing the stairs from the railroad station, it is there at one's feet,
disclosed in the sublimity of its templed depths, in the bewildering
glory of its gorgeous coloring. There is no preparation of mind and
spirit. To some, the revelation ia a shock, no matter what the ex-
pectation; The rim of the Grand Canyon is one of the stillest places
on earth, even when it is crowded with people.

To describe the Grand Canyon is as impossible as it is unnecessary.
Few natural spectacles have been so fully pictured, few are so familiar
even to the untraveled. Its motionless unreality is one of the first
and most powerful impressions it makes. And yet the Grand Canyon
is really a motion picture. There is no moment that it does not
change. Always its shadows are insensibly altering, disappearing
here, appearing there; lengthening here, shortenii^ there. There
is continual movement. With every quarter hour its difference niay
be measured.

There is the Grand Canyon of the early morning, when the light
slants lengthwise from the Painted Desert. The great capes of the
northern rim shoot into the picture, outlined in golden light against
which their shapes gloom in hazy blues. Certain temples seem to
rise slowly from the depths, or to step forward from hiding places in
the opposite walls. Down on the green floor the twisting inner
gorge discloses here and there lengths of gleaming water, surdit
and yellow.

An hour later all is wholly changed. The dark capes have retired
somewhat and now are brilliant-hued and thoroughly defined. The
temples of the dawn have become remodeled, and scores of others
have emerged from the purple gloom. The Granite Gorge, now de-
detailed fuily, displays waters which are plainly muddy even at this
great distance. And now the opposite wail is seen to be convoluted,
possessing many headlands and intervening gulfs.

And so, from hour to hour, the spectacle develops. Midday, with
sun high behind the south rim, is the time of least charm, for the'
opposite walls have flattened and the temples of the depths have
lost their defining shadows. But as afternoon progresses the spec-

c;ooyic

GBAKD CANYON NATIONAL PABK. 3

tacles of the morning creep back, now reversed and strangely altered
k outline. It is a new Grand Canyon, the same hut wonderfiilly
different.

And just after sunset the reds deepen to dim purples and the grays
and yellows and greens change to magical blues. In the dark of a
moonless night the canyon suggests unimaginable mysteries.
THE FIBST VIEW.

From the railrosd station the visitor ascends to the El Tovar
Hotel and the view of the canyon at perhaps its showiest point.
Here is where the temples loom their bluest and are nearest by.
Opposite this point the greatest of .the five great geologic faults
which crack the canyon crosswise exhibits itself in the broad purpling
of the Bright Angel Creek. Here the Granite Gorge approaches
Dearest to the south rim. The view of El Tovar is restricted by the
fstension of Grandeur Point and Maricopa Point on either side.
, "Hiese cut off the view of the great reaches of the canyon east and
west. The El Tovar view is a framed picture of limited size. It is
better so; better for the newcomer to enter gradually into the real-
isation of the whole which will come when he walks or ridea out to
tiie many points which push northward from the south rim; better
tiso to return to after days spent on the rim or in the canyon's
depths.

Having studied this view for general outlines and the canyon's
conformation, stratification, and coloring, the visitor will find for
himself, on foot or by motor stage or coach, many points which will
afford him varied outlooks upon the broad reaches, of the canyon.
It is advisable to see the canyon from end to end from the rim before
exploring the trails to the floor and the river.

The traveler who is unlucky enough to have no more time at his
disposal may, even in one day, see much of the Grand Canyon either
from the rim or by mule-back descent to the depths as preference
dictates. Probably the one-day visitor can see more by taking the
16-mile Hermit Kim Eoad drive west in the forenoon and the 60-mile
drive east to Grand View and Desert View in the afternoon than in
any other way. Both the rim drives and the descent into the can-
yon may be had in two days. Every day added to the schedule
will give the visitor further novel experiences and glorious views,
such as the Hermit Loop trip, the Phantom Banch trip, or to the
North Rim of the canyon, visiting Ribbon Falls en route.

When you go to the Grand Canyon leave the duration of your stay
open for decision when there. You will probably then remain from
five days to two weeks. Two weeks of fairly steady going will enable
you to see the Grand Canyon thoroughly without undertaking trips
which are a hardship to persons unaccustomed to trail riding.

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4 GBAND CANTON NATIONAL FiSX.

UYWG AT THE GRAND CANTON.

Living is pleasant and comfortable. The El Tovar Hotel offers
delightful conditions at rates reasonable in these times for its high-
class accommodations. Its porches are broad, its garden a col-
lection of rich semiarid vegetation, its rim walks inspiring. There
is horseback riding through many miles of yellow-pine forest and
out to viewpoints on the rim, but there are no sports. There ia
neither golf nor tennis. The canyon absorbs the whole attention
of its visitors.

Adjoining the hotel there is a most comfortable annex of cottages
and tents and caf4; rates are lower than those chaiged at the main
hotel. There are comfortable tent cottages at Hermit Creek Cabins
on the Hermit Trail, and at Phantom Ranch across the Colorado
River. The cottages are built of the native rock with mess hall, etc-
Both these camps are first class in every respect. There are cottages
at Desert View, where one may spend a few nights. Camping trips
along the rim and down to the Havasupai Indian Reservation and
the waterfalls of Havasu Canyon can be arranged. It is possible to
take your pack train across the river on the Kaibab Suspension
Bridge, stay overnight at Phantom Ranch, and ascend the most
intttresting Kaibab Trail up Bright Angel Canyon to the excellent
piiblic camp on the north rim of the canyon. This trip is a matter
of several days.

FREE PDBUC CAMP GROUND.

From April to November the south rim is free from snow and the
free public camp ground near Grand Canyon Village is available to
campers. Motorists are m^ed to bring their own camp equipment
and make use of this camp. Sites will be allotted free of charge on
application to the office of the superintendent of the park. There
is a garage in the village where gasoline and oil can be procured.
There is also a general store where groceries can be purchased.
It is necessary to purchase water in the village, as there is none
at the Grand Canyon and it must be hauled from a dktance by rail.
SEEING IT FROM THE RIM.

East of the hotel are several points reached by motor roads which
afford fine views of the upper half of the Grand Canyon. The most
famous of these is Grand View, where still stands the first r^ulai
hotel of the canyon, now private property. The eastern terminus of
the road is Desert View, which offers a view up the Marble Canyon,
and eastward over the famous Painted Desert. West of the. hotel
the auto st^es stop at a succession of fine points, each with its own
individual view of the mighty spectacle.

There is much to see also in the neighborhood of El Tovar.

The Grand Canyon Rim Foot Trail extends along the canyon rim
east to Grandeur, Yavapai, and Yaki Foiats through the pine forest,

GRAND CANTOIT NATTONAL PARK. 5

and west to Maricopa and Sentinel Points. The Hopi House is a
faiUiful reproduction of a Hopi pueblo, and there is a camp of Navajo
Indians.

DESCENDING THE CANYON.

There are two practicable trails from the south rim to the river.
The one commonly used starts from the El Tovar Hotel and descends
the deep alcove between Grandeur and Maricopa Points. This is the
celebrated Bright Angel Trail, so named because it follows the tine of
the Bright Angel Fault and emei^es on the river nearly opposite the
mouth of Bright Angel Creek. This fault was formed by the cracking
of the canyon across from rim to rim and the slipping of the western
edge of the crack several hundred feet downward. The evidence of it
may be seen plainly in the lower elevation of Maricopa Point side of
the gorge, and there is a place on the trail where travelers may see that
strata once continuous no longer match.

The descent of this trail is usually done on muleback in parties led
by guides. It is a sad mistake for persons not in the soundest physical
training to attempt it on foot, for the apparent distance as seen from
the rim is misleading, and the climb back is most arduous at that ele-
vation. The south rim of the canyon at El Tovar is 6,866 feet above
sea level. Nearly every day one or more trampers, overconfident of
their endurance, find the way up too arduous and have to be assisted
by guides and mules sent down for them from the rim.

The descent is an experience of great charm. The trail is excel-
lently built and kept in fine condition. The traveler passes in review
all the strata which form the canyon walls ; their close examination will
be a source of pleasure. Just under the rim the trail passes through
a fine forest of spruce, and from this down to the sage desert of the
green floor the traveler will also pass in review a series of vegetation
which represents scores or hundreds of miles of surface growths. There
are two steep chffs which the trail descends in series of short hitches of
zigzags, one of which, known as Jacob's Ladder, carries the traveler
down the famous Hedwall formation, which is so distinct a scenic fea-
ture of the canyon from every rim view. But there need be no alarm
about these descents, for the zigzags, short and numerous though they
are, maintain always a uniform safe grade. It may affect the unac-
customed nervously to see his mule hang his head over short abysses at
the turns, but the traveler himself does not hang over them, and the
mule is sure footed, stohd, and indifferent. There is only one creature
with less imagination than a mule, and that is his cousin, the burro.

Indian Garden, which lies on the floor of the canyon, is so named
because Havasupai Indians once cultivated the soil through which
passes the stream which originates in springs below the Redwall.
It is called Garden Creek, The Indian Garden now is a tangle of
h^h brush, principally willow, through which the trail passes out
1076M'- -

9 anMUD cAHTOir natioval pabx.

i^mn the rolling floor, and presently }^nges down ihe rocky eoig»
vlueh leads to the edge of the muddy Colorado.

THE HERMIT TRAIL.

A much finer trail, from every point of view, than the Br^t Angel
starts from Hermit Rest, south, of Pima Point, and descends the-
Hermit Canyon. It b^ins 7 of 8 miles west of EL Tovar. This is »
iwo days' journey, including a night spent in Hermit Cabins wdl down
in the canyon. It involves an experience worth many times the addi-
tional day which it requires.

The Hermit Canyon is one of extreme beauty; there is probably no
other which equals it in gorgeous cokiring and the variety of its rock
forms. The trail, whose grade is less than that of the Bright Aogelt
is one of the finest in the world. It is longer than, the Bright Angei
Trail and leads out upon impressive points overlooking fascinating
views. The descent of the Redwall is a masterpiece of trail building,
and the only part of the Hermit Trait which gives an impression of
steepness; but this may readily be walked down by the unaccustomed
rider; its descent is not nerve racking. The night at Hermit Cabins,
und^ a towering crimson gable, with colorful Hermit Canyon on the
south and Grand Canyon opening northward over the green shale of
tJae floor, is as comfortable as it is fascinating. The trip to the river
and back to the camp is usually made the first day.

THE FLOOR TRAIL.

Too few visitors to Hermit Cabins combine the two trail trips with a
journey between them over the green shale floor. The descent is by
the Hermit Trail with a nigkt at its foot. The next morning the
journey is made on muleback up the canyon to the Indian Garden,
and from there, after lunch by the stream side, up the Brigbt Angel
Trail to El Tovar.

THE HAVASC CANTON.

The Havasu Canyon in the far western end of the national park is
rarely visited. The trail begins at the end of a long desert road by-
descending precipitously to a gorge through which the Havasupai
Indian Reservation is reached. There ttfe less than 200 Indians on
the reservation. These live by farmii^ the land irrigated front
Havasu Creek; com is their principal product, but ntebms, figs, and
peaches are also produced. The reservation fills a broad amphi-
theater in the gorge surrounded by lofty red sandstone cliffs. There
are no hotels or camps and the heat is intense in summer. The
Havasu Creek water is strongly impri^nated with mineral and un-
palatable, though entirely wholesome. Nevertheless, the visit to the.
reservation is one of unusual character and charm for those who do
not object to a little hardship.

GRUfD CAItYOM NAIIOMAIi PABK. 7

B^cnr ihe rcserTttioa Um canyon breaks i&to a seiies. (^ iFfcUxf alls,
tvo of wkieh are tmueaal in iiiad and beaaty. These are the Havasu
Fall ukd thi& Hoalapai Fall. Both drop on'er lofty ahelves, which ant
pkstered oa back aad aides by richly carved testooBS c^ brown traver-
tiae f ornuttKHi, deposited by the rirer in tinus of high water. Both
the ia^A oecur in the dmp red hmestoue gttfges. &ight green cot-
t<^wooda, caetas, and other deaert vegetatioD eallTea the scene,
which isr as different a» iniagjnatioQ can well paint from anything
else in tlH^ Grand Canycm NaUonal Park.

la tiie spring, following the melting (rf the rim snows, there are
various vaterfaDs in the Grand Canyon itself, several of which last
for some months. These occur tm the ntxth. side of the river, wh««
there is a greater 8up]Jy oi water, the south aide being arid except for
bnef periods foUowii^ m^tings and cloudbursts. Chie of these tem-
porary north-side water! alls in Clear Creek, which has been seen by
very few p^^ons, is said to be more thim s thousand feet in height.
With the crossing of the river, which is now possible over the Kaibab
Su^MB^ou Bridge, these and many other faacinating spectades, now
little known, will become familiar sights to many. The destiny of
the Grand Canyon ia to become one of the moat used national parks.

OHtam OF THE GRAND CANYOT4.

One ol the greatest rivers on the continent cuts the Grand Canyon.
The Colorado River, joined in Utah by the Green River, drains 300,000
imles of Cok«ado, Wyoming, Utah, and Arizona.

The Cokffado begaa to cut the Grand Canyon several millions of
ycafs ago, at about the same tioie that the Merced River began to
cut the Yoaemite Valley. Both are the results exclusively of stream
eio^n. The theory that volcanism had to do with the creation of
the (^aud Canyon is decLared by modem sei^ice untrue, notwith-
standong the fact that viJcaiuc rock is found in the canyon's depths,
as it is also fenmd in many other paita of the United States. It is
untrue also that the Colorado River assumed its east and west course
thr(H^;h the Grand Canyoa as the result of an east and west fault.
All the faulta ef the region pass across the canyon north and south.

mSTGRY OP THE CANY(M<.'

]>on Lopez de Cardenas, of Coronado's expedition, discovered the
Grand Canyon in 1540, as a result of stories told by the Ho'pi (Moquis)
Indiaie to IX»i Pedro de Tovar. The old records describe a chasm
wluch seemed to he more than S or 4 leagues across in an air line— ^
" 9UC auia mas de trea o q%iah-» Uguas por el ayre."

For a l*Hig period thereafter the Grand Canyon re^on and the
Colorado River remained practically unknown. It is ne'Xt recorded

'F'irnished by oourttay ol Frederick S. Dellenbaugh.

it» Google

8 GRAND CAITYON NATIONAL FABK.

as haviog been seen by two Spanish priests in 1776; Padre Garces
crossing eastward from the lower Colorado to the Hopi towns, who
halted, he says, "at the sight of the most profound caxones which
ever onward continue, and within these flows the Colorado," and
Padre Kscalante, who, in searching for a place to cross from the north
after his failin-e to proceed westward from Santa Fe to Monterey,
finally found the old Ute ford, used by Indians for centuries, near the
foot of Glen Canyon (in latitude 37°), and by means of it was able
to reach Zuni. The ford then became known as El Vado de los
Padres — the Crossing of the Fathers — ^for long the only known cross-
ing of the Colorado in a distance of several hundred miles.

The first American to visit the region was James O, Fattie, accom-
panied by his father. They trapped beaver on the lower Colorado
in 1825 and 1826. In 1826, returning eastward, they traveled for
13 days, following, apparently, the Grand Canyon as well as they
could, but tmable to reach the river at any point, till at last they
arrived at a place where the river " emerges from these horrid moun-
tains." This was the first extended trip on record of any human
being along the brink of the Grand Canyon.

The same year that the Patties went to the lower Colorado, 1825,
General Ashley, in pursuit of his fur-trading enterprise, attempted to
descend Green River from near the present crossing of the Union
Pacific Railway. They were forced after great hardship to give up
the effort, in the Uinta Valley.

The famous American trapper and pioneer, Jedediah Smith, crossed
the river going west in the Mohave country in 1826 and again in 1827.
In this latter year the Patties returned to the lower Colorado and
trapped down the river from the mouth of the Gila in dugouts, the
first navigators of this portion since Alarcon, of the Coronado expe-
dition, came up in 1540. Quite unexpectedly they made the ac-
quaintance of the great bore at the mouth of the river, where they
were in waters that Lieutenant Hardy, of the British Navy, had
entered the year before.

Other trappers after beaver then followed into the r^on, and the
Government began sending out exploring parties. One of these
imder Sitgreaves crossed the Colorado in 1851 about 150 miles above
Yuma, and three years later another under Whipple, surveying for
a railway along the thirty-fifth parallel, crossed a few miles above the
mouth of Bill Williams Fork.

When the California gold rush developed one trail of the Forty-
niners led down the Gila and across the Colorado at its mouth, and
now various activities on the lower river began. The first steamboat
was brought to tbe mouth of the Colorado and up it in 1852. It was
named the Uncle Sam.

^dbyGoogk-

OBAND CANTON NATIONAL FAKE. 9

Edward F. Beale, surveying a Government wagon road, crossed
and recrosaed in 1857 and 1858, near the mouth of Bill Williams
Fork, and in 1858, January, the Government exploring expedition
under Lieutenant Ives proceeded from the mouth up the river in a
small, stem-wheel, iron steamer, the Explorer, as far as the foot of
Black Canyon, whence the ascent was continued in a small boat to
the mouth of the Vegas Wash. This was not the first steamer up,
however, as Captain Johnson of a commercial navigation company
had steamed up and passed with his steamboat clear through Black
Canyon to its head, some days before mainly to "get ahead" of Ives
who had earlier displeased Johnson. Ives then proceeded overland
to the mouth of Diamond Creek and to the Hopi towns via Havasu
Canyon.

"It seems intended by nature," says Lieutenant Ives, after vainly
trying to reach the rim, "that the Colorado River, along the greater
part of its lonely and majestic way, shall be forever unvisited and un-
distiu-bed."

This same year of 1858, saw the first crossing on record of the Colo-
rado from the north, since Esclante, by white men. This was accom-
plished by Jacob Hamblin, a well-known Mormon, a missionary and
Indian ^ent, from Utah to the Hopi towns. An Indian guided him
to the Ute ford (Crossing of the Fathers) and he used it thereafter
almost yearly. These Mormons for long were the only persons be-
sides Navajos and Utes to cross the river anywhere. The ford
known to few was difficult and dangerous at all times and impossible
except at low water.

In 1862 Hamblin went around the Grand Canyon by the west end
to the Hopi towns and returned by the Crossing of the Fathers at the
east end, practically, as Marble Canyon begins a few miles below.
The next year he went again around by the west end to the Hopis,
visiting the " hermit" tribe, theHavasupais, in their deep canyon home,
on the way, the first white man on record to do so after Lieutenant
IveS. The party returned to St, Geoi^ around the west end of the
Grand Canyon. Nobody, as yet, went to the rim and there was no
known crossing of the Grand Canyon itself anywhere by white men,

Another attempt to descend Green River from the California Trail
(near the present Union Pacific Railway) was made in 1849, by
Wilham Manly and party. They expected to find a shorter and easier
i-oad to the C&lifomia gold fields. After a hard time they emerged
into Umta Valley where they met the noted Ute chief Wakar (" Walk-
er") who was good to them and ui^ed them not to try to go further
down the river.

10 OBUID CAKYOS VATtOirAI. PABK.

aoce AS gtflftt on dicar part as on that of While. He knew nothing aboat
the iBterior <^ the great caayoa and montiooed that be had nm one
lMg rapid, whweas he should have mentioned iag rafMda by the doseo.

So noibing became definitely known aboak the mystenmis inteiior
of the Gnitd Canyon or of the canyons of the Cok>r»do River above
as far as the Uinta VaUey tm Green Rirer unUl Maj. John We^y
Powell, one-armed Toteran oi the CiTil War, made his famous passage
of all the canyons. He started with nine men and fcHir boats from
(ireen River City, Wyo. (mi the Union Pacific Railway, then the only-
railway across the continoit), on May 24, 1869. One of the men left
the party (Qoodman), dtshearteaed, in the Uinta Valley.

The terrifying waterfalls and underground passages described by
trappers and Indians were not found, but the declivity was often
extremely great and continuous (as in Cataract Canyrai, where it is
cwitinacas for about 20 miles), producing violent cataracts, with
hnge waves and a wato* velocity of over 20 miles an hoar, frequently
studded with giant rocks.

The trip was oae of incredible hardship and danger, led by Uie
Major with his one left arm, the other having been lost at the Battle
of Shiloh. The plunging rapids in the whole l«tgth of the journey-
numbered severdi hundred to overcome the 6,000 feet difference in
altitude between Green RivM- City and the sea. The boats were
oft^i upset and the pass^e o^ many of the rapids was perilous to a
d^ree. FrequMttly the party would be forced to embark on long
foaming declivities without being able to discover what other, per-
haps greater, falls might lie around the precipitously walled bends in
frMit of them.

One <^ the boats, some of the scientific instruments, and a consider-
abie amount of thef ood supply were lost in the Canyon ol Lodore ; and
some that was rescued had to be left, as the remaining boats were
overlcMded. For weeks the cubing of the adventurers was never*
dry; and when they finally «it(9«d the mighty depths of the Grand
Canyon itself, in August, there was little food remaining.

The eharfiest rapids occur in the granite, and the first Granite
Gorge, running past the Powell Mmimnent, contains the worst por-
tion of the whole river. When, therefore, another "Granite Gorge"
developed below Diamond Creek, the men, stalwart and full of nerve
though they were, having become somewhat demoralized by lack of
food and the trnuendous strain, were disheartened. Three of them, '
consequently, announced that they would go no farther.

This was desertiwi, bnt they preferred it to risking the difficulties
they saw ahead. They believed they could climb out and rea^ the
well-knowQ Mormon settlements on the ni»-th, and they believed a
river party would be lost or starve.

"At (Hie time," says Powell in his report, "I almost coududed to
leave the river. But for years I have been contemplatii^ Um trip.

QKAKD CAHTON NAnONAZ. PABX. 11

To leave the exploratkui unfiniahed, to s&y that th«re is a part of
the canyon which I can not explore; having already almost accom-
pli^ed it, is more than I am Tilling to acknowledge, and I determine
to go on. * * * Por the last time they entreat us not to go on,
and teQ us that it is madness to set out in this place." The same
appeal that Dunn made to Hawldns, the cook of the party, as Haw-
kins himself tells it.

William K. Hawkins, writing of this in after years, says the three
men had "made up tiieir minds to go, and Dunn said he hated to
leave Hall and m;^elf, as we had been together a loi^ time, and that
we would perish La the riyer. [Note the fear of the river which had
developed in the minds of at least three.} While we were talking,
ihe major came up to me and laid his left arm [he had no right]
across my neck, tears running down his cheeks. By that time the
rest t^ the boys were present, and the major said to me: 'Bill, do
you really mean what you say' [that he would stick to the major ml
the river] ? I told him that I did, and he said that if he had one
man that would stay with him that he would not abandon the river.
I just simply said that he did not know his party."

He certainly had reason, with three men about to desert, to beUeve
that others might. The other five were true, however, and it is only
just to say that one ot the deserters would have stood true, also, had
it not been for his brother, who was detwmined to leave. They all
then drank coffee tt^ther. The boat party went on, the deserters
dimbed out <m the north, each party thinking the other party doomed.
The deserters would have fared well enough and would have arrived
at the Mormon settlements had it not been that the 8hewits Indians
on the plateau, believed, or said later that they believed, that these
were miners who had committed depredations on a tribe to the south.
The men were therefore killed not far from Mount Dellenbaugh, and
their clothing, rifles, etc., appropriated.

The place on the river where they left the major is now known as
Sepaiatk>n &a{»d. The day after they departed Powell and "the
faithful five" reached the tsid of the great chasm without serious
miahap. The names oi the three deserters have justly been omitted
from the roll of honor inscribed on ihe Powell Monument.

Powell's journal of thisf amous voyage is one of the most fascinating
t^es of adventure in Utraature. A large part of his meager notes
having been lost, Powell repeated the trip on a more extensive basis
in 1871 and 1872, obtaining then the data on which his report was
based. There is no account of this second, vital expedition except in
A. Caoiyott Voyage, by Frederick S. Dellenbaugh, a member of that -
party. Afterwards Powell became director of the United States
Gecd<^cal Survey and of the Bureau of Ethnology, which he e^
taMiatied.

12 GRAND CAHTON NATIONAL PABK.

THE CANTON AS A RBSOBT.

The Grand Canyon is very much more than a wonder place or a
scientific museum on a titanic scale. It is a pleasure resort of the
first order. It may be visited any day in the year. The railroad is
always running and the hotel always open. When most other
resorts are closed the Grand Canyon is easily accessible.

During the winter snow falls in the pine forest along the rim; and
though the upper portions are snow covered, the trails into the can-
yon are open and safe; the floor of the canyon is warm and comfort-
able the year around. When nipping frosts redden cheeks on the
rim, the most fragile flowers are blooming in the canyon.

The weather in July and August is warm but not hot on the rim;
the altitude takes care of that. "Diere are cool mornings, evenings,
and nights no matter how wfum it may be at midday.

Arizona is a land of sunshine; the air is dry and the winds are light.
While spring and fall are more attractive than midsummer or mid-
winter, all the seasons have each its special charm. From December
to March snow is more or less abundant on the rim and a few hundred
feet down the trail. Camping-out parties must then confine them-
selves to the canyon.

THE NORTH RDd OF THE CANYON.

There is a remarkable difference between the north and south rims.
The north rim, a thousand feet higher, is a colder country clothed
with thick, lusty forests of spruce and pine with no suggestions of the
desert. Springs are found here and deer are plentiful. It is a r^on
soon to be used by hundreds of campers-out.

The views from the north rim are markedly different. One there
views close at hand the vast temples which form the background of
the south rim view. One looks down upon them, and beyond them
at the distant canyon floor and its gaping gorge which bides the
river; and beyond these the south rim rises like a great streaked fiat
wall, and beyond that again, miles away, the dim blue San Fran-
cisco Peaks. It is certainly a spectacle full of sublimity and charm.
There are those who, having seen both, consider it the greater. One
of these was Dutton, whose description of the view from Point
Sublime has become a classic. But there are many strenuous advo-
cates of the superiority of the south rim view, which displays close
at hand the detail of the mighty chasm of the Colorado, and views
the monster temples at parade, far enough away to see them in full
perspective.

The trail trip to the north rim is now perfectly feasible by the
completion of the Kaibab suspension bridge over the Colorado
River and the extensive repairs on the Kaibab Trail up Bright Angel
Canyon. It is about 32 miles from Grand Canyon to the Wylie

GRAND CANTON NAnONAL PARK. IS

Way Camp on Bright Angel Point, About 12 miles are made the
first day, stopping overnight at Phantom Ranch; the remaining
20 miles are covered the second day.

The best ways of reaching this side of the park from the north are
described on page 27.

TABLES OP DISTANCES AND ALTITUDES.
KOADS.

Grand Csnyon

Boad to Havosupai

Trail to Hcnait Rest. . . .
Powell UemoTial

Moluivo Point

Cut-off to Hwirilt Rest.'

PifionCove

Pima Point

Cut-ofI to Grand Canyon
Hermit Best

Trail to Natural BridEea.
Hsad of Hermit TraU . . .

JfifeJ.

una.

Fat.
6,S»

2.0

5.B

7,060

2.2
5.2

2.7

6;^oo

7.9

'.a

8,700
8,660

8,680

National Park.
To Ha'

distai
By foot ornorse DOCK ic

Trail, 5 miles.
Uemorlal to Ms] . J ohn

liead<luart«rK of G rand Canyon

idian Reserralion, 47 mike

£k to Hermit Rest oi Hermit

^y Powell, Sentinel ,

lotinKdowntromthB Great Mohave WbU.
d road to Ileimll Rest.

JIB view of canyon and river, with Hermit

Creek Cabins visible beneath.

id road to Grand Canyon, 9 miles.

teres ling Harvey rest bouse. Light rsfreab-

N'atiiral BTidcea in limestone, ^ mile.

„,„.

■""■

Canyon.

Desert
View.

Remarks.

.90

2. SO
3.60

5.30

12.25

13.10
13.K

29.40
29.10
28,50
27.50

19.90
18.90

8,875
8,940
8,975
8,925

National Perk. *
Bridge visible beneath.

Road to Yavapai PcHut..

TraU to Yaki Point

Trail through forest. Somstlmes called Crema-

Trail to Shoahone Point.

t^SaaS;:::::.

Lou^ Jim Canyon, east

Locallv called Inspiration Point 4.8 miles.
Chectfug statlon.'Take right-hand road to

Maine, Williams, and Flagstaff.
A typical surlace canyon or wash.
A cache (or tools used by rangers lu flghting

Are. Telephone.

To Grand View Point. . . .

Grand View Hotel

Grand View Camp
Grounds.

7,500
7,490

Ifavaio Mountain, rtver, etc.
Old stage hotel. N«t In operaUon (or many

May to October.

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GKUIB CAKl'OK NArtOKAL PAUL

BOADS— CoBtisued.

Hance ranch

Fait boundary. .
FlBKstAff road....
Park IxnnilarT, . .
Uf an Point-

. Old home of Cspt. John Han
IlMmaiaMaXiiajam.

Grand View entrance to the i
. Old stam rood [ram Flagstafl
DesertTleii' anuanreto the I
Local^e^lul UbcoId Point.
•■ — ijo Pc*nt. Fine view oi
Sited Deurl, Kavajo Mt

r EAVAStI TRAU. VIA

i*u™i™^

Si;

Ornud
CBOfta.

Remarks.

into,
•.n

3.M

e.15
T.iie

9.90

liOO
15.80
IT.SO
ffl.W

n.n

IB.ffi
«.«

23.30

19.30
17.40

FMt.

«,ST5

t,»KS

a?S5'^^=^

Trail Co EendtBwt.-..

OldroadtoOfMdVto-:

£ll3siaii-io-

e;«s

6,eoo

6, MO

e,2»s

Road to Htme WeU ranner station.

Ruiger BUtlon, National PaA Senlir. -Trie-

Dr^« Sf^att tool

States oti^ogicai aui-
Eoad to Bas-s Camp

good tmll, ^ miles. Fire tools.
UnHcd StatM ««!«<«lcal Suivey be nch mark.

Road to Bass Camp

Banek mMk, oHlBd
States Geological Sut-

Bupai'drin tsnce

UailBd Statu eaoleei<»l Suive; bench mark.

United States Geological Survey bench mart.
bnUanpanore.

TwJ™"^

WMIE.

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QBunt Gurrov katioital pass.

ROADS— CoDtiBued.

Distance trDm—

AttUu«e.

Place.

Maine,

Jfjlu.

-W

fl.19
U.M

m'.oo

TttO
84. •»

81. w

use

U.IO
S4.W
M W

-00

».»

Fb*.

National Park. Hiwl^ intormatlon, etc.

BaaSBraUllau. Ali wis stop and netsier.
aouth entrtUM to Orand Canyon National

B(b4 to VBTttpki Fetot.

S,718

T>.ln ..„>

ssjsffls.ss.rusr"'""'

»««.»«-

Altitude.

■"■

Zl«

Paik.

"■""■

Wjlto way camp

N«tb Bim Ruuerstatira]

Canyon Natfonal Park.

4L0I>

14.40

22.40

2e!«o
M.ao

S)S

80.90
W.M

41.M

42.10

IKM
Ut.M
MLW

m.<o

148. »

U4.W

111.70

ias.so

1K.S0

SLsa

9.10

8, IX
8,450
8,900
B,iOO

Hstlonal Park Service rangei sUtlun. Hewl^

quarMia lor Me«h Rla.
HortH entrance to Qtand Canyon National

A typical park or meadoff. Range ol mule

non tVsllBY

Uon, Forest Service.

Oitfy poat offlBB in liaima north ol ths Grand
Most KKitharlv town in Utah. Oood hate'..

r.„.h

4,»ao

PipeSiMiiWS

U«^«*p.e,«fn^.

SbortCMBk

Sheep corrals.

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GRAND CANTON NATIONAI, PAKE.

Dl,un»fr«^

Altitude.

Grand

O.O0
.«
2.W

3,70
4.30

G.oa

T.OO
7. SO
(LOO

13.00
IS. 00
17.00

17.80

19.00

22! 00

34.00
28.00
30.00

3a 00

tflta.
3000

28.00

27. SO

26.30

25.70

SS.00

UOO

17.00

iS;!S

12. a)

11.00
9.00

8.00

6.00
4.00
1.00

.00

Ftd.

8,876

(1,8»
4,8S0
8,876
3,760

Head ol Bright Aiitsl

Foot troll to andent Indlaii plctoei.pIis and

Grova o( Cottonwood trees watered by Oardsn
Cieek. Former home of Indians.

3,&50

Raiuer camp. Not alwaya occnpied.

Kalbab Suspension
Bridge.

Phantom Ranch

2, BOO
2,660

3,850

■ 8,150

BuUt by National Park Service in 1921. Only

Interesting new Harvey Camp, stone eottaees.

Welllocated for hiking, dimUng, etc.
A deep oanyon ooming in from the west.
Meer end ol granlie In Bright Angel Creek.

liS.Sli'?"™-:::

Creek 'coming from the right. Old name is
Beaver Crwk.

^SS^tMcS*. FiUyour

s^ar^c':

North Riirangetsttrtlon.

Hanger headquarters on Nortb Rim. Register.

Grand Canyon

Jacob's Ladder.

Indian Gardens. . . . ,

Tonto Trail

Plateau Point ,

Battleship

Horn Creek ,

Dana Butte

The Inferno

Salt Creek

The Alligator

Cedar Spring

Monument Creek...,

Colorado River, foot Her-
mit Trail

17,30
16.70

Admlidstratlve headquarters of Grand Ci
National Park. Hotels, post office, etc
Trail through blue limestone, 550 [eat.

Plateau Point, 1

id Alligator on left.

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GEAND CAHTON NATIONAL PABK. 17

TSAILS-'-^Tontiiiaed.

ORANIICANYON TO HERMIT CREEK CABINS THROPOH WOODS AND HERUIT TBAIL—

Distance [ram—

Bmla Maria S^Dg..

Four Mile 8pr£e

CiltBjnil Sfciis

£«idit C&biiia

Tbe Lookout Telescope .
KotbBros. Studio

PidoerBph Bock, Holeiii
W.U.

MartcopaPdnt

TheBattKBhip

■Indan Gardens

luilependent BVm

Orsndeur Prtnl

;-"i!Sjr,«"'

AdmlnuliatlTe besdqoartcrs ol Onnd Canyoa

National Park.
Harvey coiraL
Rook where Uarshal Foih eat far hall hour ec

more smokliu Ms lipe December, 1921.
Trail to Ro«BWeUB<«d.
Trail to Dripping Springs and BoDcher TnU.
Good watw. Best pavilioii.

Fine Harrei' camp.

BHOBT WALKS NEAR GBAND CANyON.

2.SDortb...

3.7 nortb . . .

Oraud CanjoD
Blm Trail and
loottraiL

Blm toot trail

Grand Canyc

Bim foot tralL

Bright An«eITraiL

Grand Canyon
Rim loot ttaiL

Obsaratmr. Carlos on sale.

Pictures.
Studio. GraDdCanyonmoT'

ing [icturs lecture dally ot

^ tr

clmt Indian picti _^

Walk through woocb. Fine
-' — -' San FranrtsOT

Rough foot trail from 1

Angel TralL
Fine creek of good wate

DERIVATION OF NAMES USED ON GRAND CANYON MAPS.

While some of them are purely descriptive, many commemorate

scientists, explorers, Indian tribes, leaders of religion, mythologic
and romantic personages. Aztec and Indian terms occm- and the
origin of a few names is unknown.

Alaioon Teiraee. — Spanish navigator, first to ascend the Colorado River.

Apacbe Point. — Name of a lai^ Indian tribe ot Arizona and New Mexico region
which was untiring in raiding and depredating both Puebloe and Thitee.

Apollo Temple. — The son of Jupiter and brother of Diana, god o( the sun in Roman
and Greek mythology.

Awatnbl Ciest. — Awatubi, village of the Hopi Indians on the Fainted Desert,
destroyed in 1770.

Aztec AmpUtlieatTe.— General name for all Nahua tribes in Mexico at time of
Cortea.

BasB Camp. — Owned by one of the pioneer settlere.

Beale Point.— Army ofBcer who surveyed first road across the Arizona Plateau.

Brahma Temple.— In the Hindu triad Bmhma was the evolver ot the univene,
Vuflmu the redeemer, Siva or Shiva, the destroyer.

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IS aUMD CAITSOS NAnOITAL FABK.

Btiddtaa Temple. — The title (d SiddhMthn, {ooodflr of Buddhism in fifth century
B.C.

Cardenas Butte. — Member of Coronado'e party and the firat white man to see the
Gnuid Canyon.

Castor Temple. — CaBtor and Pollui irerq inaepanble bietfaen in Greek mytholc^y,

CenteoU Point. — Probably an Aztec d«ty.

Chemnhuevi Point. — The aouthemmoat of the Pinto Tribe in Lower California.

Cheop's Pyiamid. — An Egyptian king of the fourth dynaaty, builder of the famous
pyramid atGiseh.

Chu&B Butte an4 Creek. — Name of Indian chief.

CoMpA PeimL— A tribe of Yuma Indcans living on the Colorado River.

Coconino Pl^ean. — A name Bometimea nsed for the Havasupai, who originally
occupied much o* the Arieona Plateam.

Comanche Point. — Plains IndianafromEartheceast, whose raids were greatly feared
by the Pueblos.

Coufnclns Temple.— The Chinese philoeopher who taught practical morality.
Lived in fourth century B. C,

Conquistador Aisle. — Spanish for "conqueror." The conquistadores were espe-
cially the monbers of Cotonado'a expedition.

Cope Butte.— B. D. Cope, 1840-1897. A great American naturalist, specializing in
fossil animals,

Coronado Bntte.— In 1540 Coronadoled the gretttSpanish expedition that penetrated
as far as ICansae,

Dann Butte.— Jamee D. Dana, 1813-1895. Noted professor of geology at Yale for
many yeare.

Danrtn PlatoMi. — G. D, Darwin, famoua English naturalist, founder of Darwinian
tlieory of evolution.

Deva Temple, — IHvine epithet, applied commonly to goddess Durga, wife of Shiva
of the Hindu triad.

De Vaca Tenace.— Cabeza De Vaca was shipwrecked on the Gulf coast and wan-
dered for ei^t years among Indians b^ore reaching a Spanish Bettlemeut.

Diana Temple. — Roman goddess of the moon, sister to Apollo and daughter of

Dnmuuond Plateau. — Benry Drummond, 1S51-1897. A famous ScottiA rel^ious

Dntton Point, — Maj, C, E. Dntton, United States Army, who wrote for the Govern-
ment a monograph on the Grand Canyon.

Elaine Castle. — The lily maid of Astolatin Tennyson's poem, "The Idylls of the
King,"

Sscalai^ Butte. — A Spanish missionary who crossed the Arizona Plateau in 17T5.

Bxcalibur.— The magical sword of King Arthur of the Round Table.

Fiske Butte.— John Fiske, 1842-1901, American philoeopher.

Freya Castle. — In Scandinavian mythology Freya is the goddess of love and
womanly goodneee.

Oalahad Caatte.— The purest knight of the Ro«nd Table, featured in "Th« Idylla
ot the Kii^,"

Oarcea Totaee. — A Franciscan who journeyBd to the Hopi country in 1778.

Qawain Abyss. — Gawain the courteoue, one ot the principal koights of the Round
Table,

OeiklePeak. — Sir Archibald Geikie, many years director British Geological Survey.

Ouinevere CasQe, — The wife of King Arthnr of iJie Round Table,

Qnnther Caaae. — The Buigundian king of the Nibelut^n epic, husband of
Brunnhilde,

Hance Creek. — Tolm Hance, a local character and pioneer.

Havasnpal Point. — This tribe, formerly occupying Arizona Flartaon, now live ij^

Havaeu Canyon about £0 miles from El Tovar.

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GRAND CAHYON NATIONAL PARK. 19

. H*l; Qzall Temple.— Tbe cup used at ibe laet Sui^>er, which the c«d«r of ^e
Bound Table was instituted to protect.
, Eonia, Temple of. — In Egyptian mythology the son of Oairis and Isib, priocipal

Bopi Point — The Hopie, sometimes c^ed the Moquis, have maintained villageB
overlooking the Painted Desert since long before the Spanish invasion of 1540.

Mount Hnethewall .—Indian Tord for obeervatioD paint.

Busier Teirace.— Famous BngUdi biologist, 1823- 1B95.

Isis Temple. — Principal female deity of E^ypt, wife of Osiris, mother of Horin, and
eometimee called ' ' the daughter of Ra. ' '

Ives' Poisl. — lieut. Joseph C. Ivea, Unitad StaAee Anny, the leader of Colorado
Bivef exploration, 1S57 and 1S5S.

Jicarlllo Point. — An Apache Tribe of northeaatem New Mexico, cruel raiders.

Jtmo Tem^e.— Wife and sister oC Jupiter, queen of heaven in lUMoan mytholoKy.

Jupiter Temple.— The supreme deity of the Romuu.

Katbab Platean.— Piute word meaning mountain lying down.

Kini^ Crest. — Clarence King waa the fiist director of the United States Geologica
Survey.

Kin£ Arflinr Castle. — A British chieftain of the sixth century who with his knights
of the Round Table has inspired romances galore.

TTriciiTui shrtae. — In Hindu myUudogy Erisluia is the name of the eighth of the
tea incamatioDB of the supreme god Vishnu. The nin& was in the form of Buddha;
the tenth ie still to come.

Ewagaut Butte and Creek. — Probably a Shoshonean name.

Iiancelol Point. — A knight of the Round Table, featured in Tennyson's poem,
"The Idylls of the King."

Iicconte Platean. — Joseph LeCont« wae profeesor of geology in the University at
California for over 30 yeats ; died 1901 .

Upan Point. — An Apache Tribe.

Iijell Butte. — Sir Charlee Lyell was a famous E&gli^ geologist.

Mann Ten^c. — A Sanskrit word meanii^ "man," one of 14 demiurgic beaings
each of whom presided over a pieriod of race precession. Manu \'aivasvata, the sua-
born, is the maitu of the present race of beii^. , .

Marcos Texrace. — Fray Marcos de Niza led the first expedition- into our country
from Mexico in 1539 as far as Zuni. His accounts inspired Coronada's enpknalion.

ICaiioopa Point. — A tribe of Yuma Indians who moved from Colorado River to join
fhe Pimas,

Harsh Bktte. — O. C- Uardi, the paleontologiBt, who made a specialty of extinct

MeiUn Abyss. — ^A semilegendary charact^ of the fifth century who figures in
TeanysoD's "Idylls of the King."

llescalero Point. — An Apache Tribe that roamed principally in New Uexico.

Uimbreno Point. — An Apache Tribe taking its name from the Uimbres Mountains
in New Mexico.

Uodted Abyss.— The tseacherous nejdiew of Kii^ Arthur, King of the Round Table.

Kehnve Point. — A Yuma Tribe living in vicinity of Needles, Calif.

Montezuma Point. — Montezuma, 1479-1520, ruled the Aztecs at the time of the
Spanish cosqiwet. He was regarded by later Indians as a deity.

Uotan Point.— The artist who was with Major Powell, surveying Coksado ffiver
country in 1873.

Hatchl PolnL— A ntrted Apacbe warrior.

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20 QRAND CANTON NATIONAL FABS.

Navatao Point — Nomadic Indiana of the plateau region who maintained a long
warfare gainst Puebloe and whitaa.

Hewlieny Point and Butte.— J. B. Newberry, geologist with Ives' expedition to
the canyon. I.ong-time profewor Columbia Collt^e, New York City.

Newton Bntte. — Sir laaac Newton, 1642-1727, 'hmous Engliah phyaidst who dis-
covered law of gravitatioB.

O'Neill Butte. — AiiEona politician, once governor.

Osiris. — Chief Egyptian deity ol good, the principle of good closely associated
withRa.

Papaeo Point. — A branch tribe of Pima Indiana of Bouthem Arizona region.

Pima Point. — Popular name of tribes living in the valleys of Gila and Salt PJvem,

Pinal Point.— An Apache tribe.

Piute Point. — A name applied to many Shoahonean Tribea, but perhapa beloimis
properly only to those living in aouthweatem tJtah.

Pollus Temple.~The devoted brother of Castor, in the Greek l^ends.

Powell Plateau. — Maj. J. W. Powell made the first expedition down the C-olomdo
River in 1368. Subsequently director of the United Statee Geological Survey and
the Bureau of Ethnology.

Qn«tzal Point. — An Axtec word a^iiifying a bird of iridescence.

Ra, Tower of. — The Egyptian sun god, typo of supreme deity, always victorious.

'Kana Bhilue. — Hindu word for prince.

Baclttailus Bldge.— A zodiac constellatiun viable in eouthem United Statea in
sumnier. Latin word aignifying "Archer."

Scorpion Bldge. — One of the constellations of Uie zodiac.

Scylla Butte.— The promontory at the entrance of the strait between Italy and
Sicily, around which ancient mariners feared to go.

Set, Tower ol. — The brother or son of Osiris and his deadly enemy in Iliudu myth-

Sbaler Plateau.- An American geologist, long-time professor at Harvard University.

Sbeba Temple. — The ancient capitol of the Sabaeans in Arabia, whose quoen visited
Solomon.

Shlnumo Creek. — Name applied by Powell to the Hopi confederacy.

Shiva Temple.— The avenpng aswociafe of Brahma and Vishnu in ruling the uni-
verse, now the moat popular Hindu god.

Solomon Temple. — Solomon, 10^3-975 B. C, son of David and Bathsheba, king of
the Jews.

Spencer Terrace. — Herbert Spencer, 1S20-1903, a distinguished English philosopher.

Supal Formation. — The colloquial name of the Havasupai, a small tribe now occupy-
ing Havaeu Canyon.

Thompson Point.— A. H. Thompson, brother-in-law of Major Powell, who accom-
panied him in his famous boat trip down the canyon.

Thor Temple— Second principal Norse deity, god of thunder, aon of Odin the
supreme being, and Jordh, the earth.

Tiyo Point, — Indian namt'.

ToTsr TerMce.— Pedro de Tovar was aent by Curonado in 1540 to inspect the Hopi
villages where he learned of the existence of the Grand Canyon.

Toltec Point.— The Tolteca were either an early tribe of the Azteca or a people that
preceded them on the Mexican Plateau.

Tonto Plattorm.i:— Spanish word "fool" applied to Indians of Arizona plateau, espe-
cially to the Apache Mohave.

Topoeobya Trail. — Probably from an Aztec word,

Tyndall Dome.— John Tyndall, 1320-189-^, a famous Britiah phyaiciBt.

tFniar Creek. — A Piute tribe of southweatern Utah.

Venus, Temple of.— The Roman goddess of beauty and love. OoOqIc

GBAITD CANYON NATIONAL PABK. 21

Testa, Temple ol— Tbe Roman goddess of tfae hearth in who«e honor tho Vestal
VI^^uui kept the symbolic fiio burning!

Tishnn Temple and Creek.— In Hindu mythology the aaeodate of Brahma and
Shiva who was the redeemer of the univene.

WaUuUla PlAteaa. — The great hall of the Sc^uidinavian gods, tbe waniora' heaven
of the ViKngs.

Wallace Bntte.^An English explorer and naturalist and authority on natuni
selection.

Vheeler Point. — Gen. George M. Wheeler, United States Army, ia charge of surveys
west of one-hundredth meridian in 1872-1870,

Taki Point.— Probably a version of tlie name of the Yaquis, the unconquerable tribe
of north western Hexiuo.

TavHpal Point. — These Indiana are commonly known as the Apache Hohave, for-
merly roaming central Arizona,

Tttma Point. — Great family of Indians of several tribes in lower Colorado region.
Called tLcmselvea Kwichana.

Zotoastet Temple. — Founder of the ancient religion now represented by the Guebere
and Paiseee of Persia and India.

Znni Point.— The Zuni pueblo south of Gallup, N. Mex., is the remnant of the
historic Seven 0tieB of Cibola.

UST OF BIRDS.

The following incomplete liat of birds has been seen in and on the
rim of Grand Canyon:

Western bluebird Sialia mtxieana oeeidenUdi*.

Western robin Merula migraloria propinqua.

Mountain chickadee Panu gambeli.

Gray titmouse Baeolophut inoratiu yrtMeui.

Pygmy nuthatch Silta pygmaea pygmaea.

Steoder-biUed titmouse Sitta earoHnensit aeukata.

Canyon wren Catherpe$ mexieanut amtptriui.

Water ouzel dnciut mexieanui.

Black-throated gray warbler Dendroiea nigreKens.

Audubon warMer Dendroiea auduboni auduboni.

, Nmthetn green swallow Tachyeineta thalatsina lepida^

Black-headed grosbeak Zamelodia mdanocephala.

Spurred towhee Pipilo maculatus montanus.

Desert sparrow Amph'ispiza bilincata deaerticola.

Bed-backed juncs Jitnco phaconoliu darsalis.

Western chipping sparrow SpUelta aodalis arizonae.

English sparrow Patter domettieut.

Green-backed goldfinch Attragaliniit ptaltria hetperophilut.

Bouee finch Carpodaciu mtricanus frontalii,

Pinon jay Cyanocephalus cyanocephalui.

Woodhoueejay -■ Apheloeuma tooodhouteii.

Long-crested jay Cyanodtta stellen diademata.

Western flycatcher Empidonax diffieilU diffieilit.

Olive-sided flycatcher NutlallornU borealis.

Broad-tailed hummingbird Selatphorut platycercua.

Red-ehaft«d flicker Colaptes cafer collaris.

White-breasted woodpecker Dryobates viltosus leiKoAoreelut.

Turkey vulture CalhaTtet aura teptentrio7vtli».

Weatem mourning dove Zenaidura macroura margiTidUi:

107604=— 22 5 , -OqIc

82 ORAITD CAirrON NATIONAL PABK.

HOW LONG TO STAT.

Time required. — ^While oae ought to remain a week or two, a stop-
over of three or four days from the transcontinental farip will be quite
satisfactory. The Hermit Loop oTemighl trip, down one trail and
up another, requires two days and a night, or more time may be
taken and include Phantom Ranch. One day should be devoted to
an auto ride aloi^ the Hermit Rim Road, and by auto to Grand View
and Desert View. Another day go down Bright Angel Trail and back.
A fourth day spent in short walks to nearby points or on horseback,
will enable visitors to get more intimate views.

The several trips mentioned above are all well worth while, and the
high plateau above the rim affords many delightful horseback or bik-
ing trips. Visitors to the North Rim may well spend as mu4^ time
as can be spared.

The National Park Service of the Department of the Interior
recommends to the traveling public that stopovers of as long dura-
tion as practicable be planned at points within the park; that Grand
Canyon National Park be regarded not alone aa a region which may
be glimpsed on a hurried trip, but also as a vacation playground for
rest and recreation.

WHAT TO WEAR.

If much tramping is done, stout, thick, hobnailed shoes should be
provided. Ladies will find that short walking skirts are a conven-
ience; riding trousers are preferable, but not essential, for the horse*
back journey down the z^zag trails. Traveling caps and (in summer)
broad-brimmed straw hate are useful adjuncts. Otherwise ordinary
clothing will suffice. Riding trousers, divided skirts, and straw
hats may be rented at El Tovar Hotel.

ADMINISTRATION.

Grand Canyon National Park is under the jurisdiction of the
Director, National Park Service, Department of the Interior, Wash-
ington, D. C. The park superintendent, Mr. W. W. Crosby, is
located at Grand Canyon, Ariz., and information, maps, and pam-
phlets may be obtained at the office, where visitors are cordially
welcomed. The office of the superintendent is 100 yards east of
the Grand Canyon Railway depot and on the paved road that passes
the EI Tovar garage.

The park is accessible throughout the year. The El Tovar Hotel,
Bright Angel cottages, and the cabins at Hermit Creek and Phantom
Ranch at the mouth of Bright Angel Creek are always open.

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GRAND CAinrON NATTONAL PABK.

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84 CffiASD CAKYOK NATIONAL PASK.

HOW TO REACH THE PARK.

BT RAIL.

The Grand Canyon National Park is directly reached by a branch
line of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway extending 64 miles
northward from Williamsj Ariz. On certain trains through standard

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sleeping cars are operated to and from Grand Canyon station. Pas-
sengers using other trains and stopping over at Williams will find
adequate accommodations at the Fray Marcos, station hotel.

Stop-overs, not to exceed 10 days, are granted at Williams on all
classes of railroad tickets for a visit to the canyon. Limits of through

GRAND CANTON NATIONAL FABK. 25

railroad tickets will be extended if necessary by agent at Grand
Canyon. Through tickets may include side-trip coupons, Williams
to Grand Canyon and return, at an additional charge of S9.12.

Round-trip excursion tickets at reduced fares are on sale daily at
practically all stations in the United States and Canada to Grand
Canyon as a destination.

Baggage may be checked through to Grand Canyon station, if
required. Passengers making brief side trips to Grand Canyon may
check ba^age to Williams only or through to destination. Certain
regulations for free storage of ba^age for Grand Canyon passengers
are in effect.

For further information regarding railroad fares, service, 6tc., apply
to raib-oad ticket agents, or address:

W. J. Black, passenger traffic manager, Atchison, Topeka

& Santa Fe Railway system, Chicago, III.
J, J. Byrne, assistant passenger traffic manner, Atchison,
Topeka & Santa Fe Railway system, Los Angeles, Calif.

BY AUTOMOBILE.

AutomobUe tourists may leave the main east and west highway
Uirough Arizona at Mame.

Flagstaff. — It is about 84 miles from Grand Canyon to Flagstaff,
via Williams Road ranger station, south entrance. Rain Tank, Red
Butte Mortz Lake, and Maine, Ariz., over a main traveled road, on
which a good run is possible most of the year. At times in late fall
or early spring it is advisable to inqure at WiUiams or Flagstaff as
to condition of the road. The round trip requires about two days.

This is a very enjoyable drive through pine forests and across
green mesas partly along the old-time st^ge route to the canyon.
The town of Flagstaff is located in the heart of the San Francisco
uplift. There are good stores and garage facilities in Flagstaff. Li
this vicinity are prehistoric cliff dwellings, extinct craters, volcanic
cones, lava beds, and ice caves. The summit of Humphreys Peak,
one of the peaks forming the San Francisco Mountains, is 12,750 feet
above sea level.

WiZZioms. — Williams is 34 miles west of Flagstaff and 15 miles
west of Maine, on the main east and west highway through Arizona.
It is the nearest shopping center and its stores and garages carry a
good stock of everything necessary to the automobile tourist.

Hie route from Williams passes Bill WiUiams Mountain, elevation
9,264 feet, which has seven distinct crests, Red Lake, Howard Lake,
and Anita, running along the line of the Grand Canyon Railway.
No supphes can be purchased between Williams or Maine and Grand
Cukyon.

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QBABD CAfTTOK NATIONAL. FABK.

AirroMOBOC supplhs.

At Grand Canyon village is an excellent garage under the manage-
ment of Fred Harvey. Storage, or repair service, as well as gasoline
and oil, may be procured here.

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MAP SHOWIN

The Babbitt^Polson general store at Grand Canyon carries a full
line of groceries and campers' supplies.
The Independent Store carries a stock of curios and Navajo goods.

A supply of water for drinking purposes and for radiation, suffi-
cient to last to Grand Canyon, should be brought from Williams or
Flagstaff.

GRAND CAKTOH" NATIONAL PABK. 2Y

PUBUC UnUTIES AND CONVENIENCES.

POST OFFICE.

The post office, which does all kinds of postal business, is situated
near the Hermit Rim Road about 400 yards west of the railroad
depot. It is open iroia 8 a. m. to 6 p. m. Mail trains airiTe at 8.10
a. TO. and 4.15 p. m. and leave at 8.10 a. m. and 7.25 p. m.

TELEGRAPH.

The Western Union office, at the railroad depot, is open for all
bosiness from 7.30 a. m. to 8 p. m.

TELEPHONE.

There is telephone connection between the SI Tovar Hotel, Na-
tional Park SerTiceOffice,ranger stations, Hermit Cabins, and Phantom
Ranch. There is no telephone connection to points outeide of the
park.

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE STAHONS.

There are ranger stations or camps where assistance and shelter
may in emergency be obtained at places here named. These may
be unoccupied, and it is well to inquire at the office of the super-
intendent:

Hermit Basin, Cottonwood Camp, up Bright Angel (^eek on north
side of Colorado River; Pipe Creek, on Tonto Trail 2 miles east of
Indian Garden; Salt Creek, on Tonto Trail 5 miles west of Indian
Garden; Grand View Public Camp; Rowe Well; and Grand Canyon.

MEDICAL SERVICE.

There is a Public Health Service doctor of long experience in the
park- There is a trained nurse at the El Tovar Hotel. The nearest
hospital is at Williams, Ariz. There is a hospital at Flagstaff, Ariz.

REACHING THE NORTH REVL

, To those who enjoy extraordinary scenery and unusual experiences
the trip to the Wylie Way Camp on the North Rim, either by rail
and motor stage or by private motor, will make a strong appeal.

Coming by rail over the Salt Lake route of the Union Pacific sys-
tem, the tourist changes to auto stage at Lund; over the Denver &
Rio Grande Western Railroad, at Marysvale. Coming by private
motor from Salt Lake City or Los Angeles, the Arrow^iead Trail is
followed to Anderson's Ranch, ^ere the Zion Park approach road
is followed to Hurricane. A side trip should by all means be made
into Zion National Park. Hurricane is the center of Utah's "Dixie,"
a guxlen spot of semitropic&l v^etation and quaint Mormon settle-
ments. • South of Hurricane the road leads across the land of Zane

28 QSAND CANYON NATIONAL PABK.

Grey's "Purple Sage" to Kanab, a well-built town of 1,200 inhabifc-
ants. The road then leads out over the Kaibab Plateau, whose
southern escarpment, at an altitude of 8,000 feet, is the northern
wall of the Grand Canyon of the Colorado. The last 50 miles aro
through the Kaibab Forest, a national reserve, which exhibits on a
grand scale one of the lai^est and most beautiful forests of giant
pines, spruce, fir, and quaking aspen in the United States, The high,
dry, bracing, pine-laden air, the forest aisles, and frequent glimpses
of wild deer and white-tailed squirrels, make this ride a fitting prelude
to the silent symphony of the Grand Canyon itself.

Return is made to Kanab, thence north by way of Johnson Canyon
ascending under the vermilion cliffs to the Divide, thence following
down the Sevier River almost to the town of Panguitch where a
crossroad leads east to one of Utah's spectacular exhibits, Bryce
Canyon. From Bryce Canyon the return is made to Panguitch, where
the north road may be followed to Marysvale, or at Orton's Ranch
a crossroad may be followed west reaching the Arrowhead Trail at
Paragonah. From Paragonah the Arrowhead Trail may be followed
north to Salt Lake City or south to Los Angeles. From Cedar City
a new road leads east, climbing to the summit of the plateau and
reaching Cedar Breaks, an area somewhat similar in formation to
Bryce Canyon, exhibiting in less degree the erosional forms of the
latter but displaying the same wonderful coloring. Indeed, Bryce
Canyon and Cedar Breaks are the best exhibits of Nature's coloring
of tbe materials of the earth.

Of Bryce Canyon John A. Witsoe, of the University of Utah, writes :

It is a box canyon 2 miles wide by 3 miles loi^, cut 1,000 feet into the top of P&un-
Bagunt Plateau. It druns toward the southeast and overlooks the Colorado River, 75
mites distant. The strata in the canyon are flat, low-lyii^ Tertiary saogistoiieB and
clayey eandalonee, rather highly indurated. A wonderful variety of erosional forma
are painted in every color, shade and tint of the spectrum, including rede, pinks,
creams, tana, lavenders, purples, blues, greens, chocolates, and whites.

This unparalleled array of erosional forms, coupled with wonderful coloring and
dotted somewhat profusely with a variety of evergreen trees, constitutes perhaps the
moat goT^eous spectacle in the world.

For transportation service and rates from Lund and Marysvale to
the north rim of Grand Canyon to include visits to Bryce Canyon,
Cedar Breaks, and Zion National Parks see pages 49-50.

PETRIFIED FOREST NATIONAL MONUMENT.

Tourists visiting Grand Canyon National Park either by rail or by
automobile should plan a stopover at the Petrified Forest National
Monument.

There are three groups of petrified trees in this reservation. The
first forest lies 6 miles south of Adamana, Ariz., a station on the
main line of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway, and the

GKAHD CANTOS NATIONAL PABK. 29.

second forest is 2i miles south of it. The third or Rainhow forest
lies 13 miles south of Adamana and 18 miles southeast of Holbrook,
Ariz. It is best to approach the third forest from Holbrook; the
other two are best reached from Adamana.

This area is of ^reat interest because of the abundance of petrified
coniferous trees which lie scattered about in great profusion. None
are standing as in the Yellowstone National Park. These trees
probably at one time grew beside an inland sea; after falling they
became water-logged and during the decomposition the cell struc-
ture was entirely replaced by silica derived from sandstone in the
surrounding land. Over a greater part of the entire area trees are
scattered in all conceivable positions and in fragments of all sizes.

In the first forest may be seen the well-known natural bridge,
consisting of a large petrified tree trunk 60 feet long spanning a can-
yon 45 feet wide, and forming a foot bridge over which anyone may
eaaUy pass. The trunks in the Rainbow forest are larger than else-
where, more numerous and less broken. Several hundred entire
trees are found here, some of which are more than 200 feet long.
The color of the wood is deeper and more striking than in the oth^
locaUties.

"There is no other petrified forest," says Prof. Lester F. Ward,
"in which the wood assumes so many varied and interesting forms,
and colors, and it is these that present the chief attraction for the
general public. The state of mineralization in which much of this.
wood exists almost places them among the gems or precious stones.
Not only are chalcedony, opals, and agates found among them, but
many approach the condition of jasper and onyx. The degree of
hardness attained by them is such that they are said to mak;e 'aSi
excellent quality of emery."

ADMINISTRATION.

Petrified Forest National Monument is under the jurisdiction of
the Director, National Park Service, Department of the Interior,
Washington, D. C. The Monument Custodian is located at Adamana,
Ariz.

COSTS OP TRIPS AND HOTEt ACCOMMODATIONS.

Adamana is a small place, consisting chiefly of hotel, post office,
railway station, and a small store (does not handle films or other
camera supplies). Mr. Wm, Nelson has charge of the hotel and
transportation accommodations. The hotel has electric lights, sani-
tary plumbing, with hot and cold water. Rates: $5 per day, Ameri-
can plan; 35 guests can be acconunodated ; in summer, tent houses
also are provided for guests.

From Adamana the following auto trips are made: (1) To the
First and Second Forests and the Natural Bridge; (2) to the Third

30 OBAITD CAITYOK HAHONAL. PABK.

Fomt; (3) to the Blue Forest; (4) to the Painted Desert and tbe
North S^U&iia. Forest.

The round-trip fare on either of the above trips is: $5 for ooe
person, S3 per capita for two persons, and S2.50 per capita for three
or more. About Mie-half day is allotted to each trip, although three
tnps can be made in a day. For a one-day stop-over the trips
numbered 1 and 4 are periiaps best suited to give the widest variety
in sight-seeing at this place.

Holbrook, the county seat of Navajo County, has satisfactory
Iwtel accommodations, with prices about the same as at Adamajia.

The Petrified Forest may be visited from Adamana any day in
the year, except when high waters make the streams temporarily
impassable.

STOP-OTER ARRANGEMENTS.

Stop-overs are allowed at Adamana, not to exceed 10 days, on all
one-way railroad tickets, also on roimd-tfip railroad tickets within
dieir limits.

To obtain stop-overs on one-way railroad tickets, notify train
conductor and deposit tickets with agent immediately after arrival;
on round-trip tickets notify train conductors.

RULES AND REGULATIONS.

(Approired Ftbraary 30 ISK, ta coottetne in force sod effect until otherwise directed by a» Btaatarj

GENERAL ^IGULATIONS.

The following rules and regulations for the government of the
Grand Canyon National Park are hereby established and made public
pursuant to authority conferred by the act of Congress approved
August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 536), as amended June 2, 1920 (41 Stat.
732), and the act of February 26, 1919 (40 Stat. 1175):

1. Preservation of natural features and curiosities. — -The destruc-
tion, injury, defacement, or disturbance in any way of the public
buildings, signs, equipment, or other property, or the trees, flowers,
vegetation, rocks, mineral, animal, or bird, or other life is prohibited:
Provided, That flowers may be gathered in small quantities when,
in the judgment of the superintendent, their removal will not impair'
the beauty of the park-

2. Camping. — No camp shall be made ^ong roads except at de^-
nated locahties. Blankets, clothing, hammocks, or any other article
likely to frighten teams shall not be hung near the road.

Many successive parties camp on the same sites during the seaswi;
therefore camp grounds shall be thoroughly cleaned before they are
abandoned. Tin cans, bottles, cast-off clothing, and all other debris
shall be placed in garbage cans or pits provided for the purpose.

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GKAJID CAJTYOlf KATTONAI. TAUC. 31

Wfaffii cajnps are m«de m un/reqnented localities wi^ra pits or cans
may not be provided, «U r^uae shall be bunted or hidden vheie ^
will sot be <^«i3tve to (he eye.
Canq>er8 mttj use dead or fallen tindMr only for fueL

3. Fire». — 'Fiiea constitute one of tia greatest perils to the park;
they shall not be kindled near trees, deadwood, moss, dry leaves,
forest oQic^ or otiier vegetable r^uee, but in mane op«i space on
n>ck8 <«* earth. Should camp be made in a locality whea-e no such
open space exists or is provided, the deadwood, moas, dry leaves,
et«., shall be scrapped away to tiie rock or earth over an area cojsid-
««bly latter than that required for the fiie.

Fires shall be lighted only when lueeasary and when no longer
needed shall be completely extinguished, and all embers and beds
sanothtt«d with earth or w^^r, so that th£a« ramainB no posability
of reignition.

E^ecUl cape siwU be tahaa £hat an Mfkted Dutch, dfar. «r cjcuctte it iio/^ed
ta taj grass, tvjgs, leaves, or tree mtM.

4. HujUing. —Tho park is a sanctuary for wild life of every sort,
and hunting, killing, wounding, capturing, or frightening any hird or
animal in the park, except dangerous animals when it is necessary to .
prevent them from destroying life or inflicting injury, is prohibited.

The outfits, including guns, traps, teams, horses, or means of trans-
portation used by persons engaged in hunting, killing, trapping, en-
snsjing, or capturing birds or wild animals, or in possession of game ■
killed on the park lands under circumstances other than prescribed
above, shall be taken up by the superintendent and held subject t-o
the order of the Director of the National Park Service, except in cases
idiera it is shown by satisfactory evidence that the oiitfit is not ihe
property of the person or persons violating this regulation and the-
actual owner was not a party to such violation. Firearms are pro-
Mbited in the park except on written permission of the superintendent.'
Visitors entering or traveling through the park to places beyond shall
at entrance report and surrender all firearms, traps, nets, seines, or
explodves in tlieir possession to the first park officer and in proper
cases may obtain his written leave to cany Uiem through the park
sealed. The Government assumes no responsibihties for loss or dam-
age to any firearms, traps, nets, seines, or other property so surren-
dered to any park officer, ntr are park officers authorized to accept
the respon^bility of custody of any property for the convemence of
n^tors.

5. Fishing. — UshJng with nets, sein^, traps, or by the use of
drugs or explosives, or in any other way than with hook and line, or
ffff merchandise or profit, is prohibited. Fishing in particular water
may be suspended, or the number of fish that may be taken by one
person in any one day from the various streams or lakes may be regu-

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32 GEAUD CANTON NATIONAL PARK.

lated by the superintendeiit. All fish hooked less than 6 inches long
shall be carefully handled with moist hands and returned at once
to the water if not seriously injured. Fish retained shall b« killed.
Twenty fish shall constitute the limi t for a day's catch, provided that
no more than 20 pounds of trout, bass, crappie, or catfish may be
taken in any one day.

6. Private operations. — No person, firm, or corporation shall reside
permanently, engage in any business, or erect buildings in the park
without permission in writing from the Director of the National Park
Service, Washington, D. C. Applications for such permission may
be addressed to the Director or to the superintendent of the park.
Permission to operate a moving-picture camera must be secured
from the superintendent of the park.

7. Gambling. — Gambling in any form, or the operation of gambling
devices, whether for merchandise or otherwise, is prohibited.

8. Advertiaemevia. — Private notices or advertisements shall not be
posted or displayed on Government lands within the park, excepting
such as the superintendent deems necessary for the convenience and
guidance of the public.

9. Awning. — The location of mining claims on Government lands
in the park is permitted only with the prior approval of the Secretary
of the Interior.

10. Patented lands. — Owners of patented lands within the park
limits are entitled to the full use and enjoyment thereof; the bounda-
ries of such lands, however, shall be determined and marked and
defined so that they may be readily distinguished from the park
lands. While no limitations or conditions are imposed upon the
use of private lands so long as such use does not interfere with or
injure the park, private owners shall provide gainst trespass by
their live stock upon the park lands, and all trespasses committed
will be punished to the full extent of the law. Stock may be taken
over the park lands to patented private lands with the written per-
mission and under the supervision of the superintendent, but such
permission and supervision are not required when access to such
private lands is had wholly over roads or lands not owned or con-
trolled by the United States.

11. Grazing. — The running at lai^e, herding, or grazing of hve
stock of any kind on the Government lands in the park, as well as
the driving of live stock over same, is prohibited, except where
authority therefor has been granted by the superintendent. Live
stock found improperly on the park lands may be impounded and
held until claimed by the owner and the trespass adjusted.

12. Authorized operators. — ^All persons, firms, or corporations hold-
ing franchises in the park shall keep the grounds used by them
properly policed and shall maintain the premises in a sanitary con-

GBAUD CANTOH NATIMTAL PABK. 33

£tion to the satisfaction of the superintendent. No operator stall
retain in his employment a person whose presence in the park may
be deemed by the superintendent subversive of good order and
management of the park.

All operators shall require each of their employees to wear a metal
badge, with a number thereon, or other mark of identification, the
name and the number corresponding therewith, or the identification
mark, being registered in the superintendent's office. These badges
must be worn in plain sight on the hat or cap.

13. Dogs and cats. — Cats are not permitted on the Govenmient
lands in the park and dogs only to those persons passing through the
park to the territory beyond, in which instances they shall be kept
tied while crossing the park.

14. Dead aniinals. — All domestic and grazed animals that may die
in the park at any tourist camp or along any of the public thorough-
fares shall be buried immediately by the owner or person having
chaise of such animals at least 2 feet beneath the ground, and in no
case less than one-fourth mile from any camp or thoroughfare.

15. Travel on trails. — Pedestrians on trails, when saddle or pack
animals are passing them, shall remain quiet until the animals have

Persons traveling on the trails of the park either on foot or on
saddle animals shall not make short cuts but shall confine them-
selves to the main trails.

16. Travel — gerieral. — (a) Saddle horses, pack trains, and horse-
drawn vehicles have right of way over motor-propelled vehides at
all times.

(b) On sidehill grades throughout the park motor-driven vehicles'
shall take the outer side of the road when meeting or passing vehicles
of any kind drawn by animals; likewise, freight, bf^gage, and heavy
camping outfits shall take the outer side of the road on sidehill grades
when meeting or passing passenger vehicles drawn by animals.

(c) Load and vehicle weight limitations shall be those prescribed
from time to time by the Director of the National Park Service and
shall be complied with by the operators of all vehicles using the park
roads. Schedules showing weight limitations for diiferent roads
in the park may be seen at the office of the superintendent and at
the ranger stations at the park entrances.

id) AU vehicles shall be equipped with lights for night travel. At
least one Ught shall be carried on the left front side of horse-drawn
vehicles, in a position such as to be visible from both front and rear.

17. Miscellaneous. — (a) Campers and others shall not wash
clothing or cooking utensils in the waters of the park, or in any
way pollute them, or bathe in any of the streams near the regularly
traveled thoroi^hfares in the park without suitable bathing clothes.

34 GJUiSD CAKTOIT NATtOHAL PABK.

(&) Stock shall not be tied so fis to po-mit their entemig aoy ol
the streams of the puk. All uiinuls shall be kept a sufficient tlis-
tance tiom campiag grounds in order not to Utter the ground and
make unfit for use the area which may be used later as tent sites.

(c) Campers and all others, save those hdding Ucenses from the
Director of the National Park Service, are prohibited from hiring
their iiorses, trappings, or vehicles to tourists or viutors in the park.

(.d) All complaints by tourists and othos as to service, etc., ren-
dered in the park should he made to the superintendent in writing
b^ore the comjdainant leaves the park. Oral complunts will be
heard daily during office hours.

IS. Fitus and penalties. — Persons who r«ider tbemsfllvee obnox-
ious by disorderly conduct ot bad behavicff shall be sabjected to the
punishment hereinafter prescribed for viedation of the foregoing
regulations and may be summarily removed from the park by ihs
superintendent and not allowed to return without permismon in
writing from the Director of the National Park Service or the super-
intendent of the park.

Any person who violates any of tiie foregoing re^iulaiions shall be
deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to a fine ot not
more than $500 or imprisonment not exceeding six months, or botJi,
and be adjudged to pay ail costs of the proceedings.

ADTOMOBILE AND MOTOBCTCLE BBGULAnONS.

. Pursuant to auth<mty conferred by the act of Congress aj^roved
August 25, ldl6 (39 Stat. 5S5), as amended June 2, 1920 (41 SUt.
732), and the act of February 26, 1919 (40 Stat. 1175), the follow-
ing regulations covering the admission of autonwbiles and motor-
cycles into thB Grand Canyon National Park are hweby established
and made pubhc:

1. Enirancst and roads. — Automobiles and motorcycles may enter
and leave the park by, and travel over, any of ihe roads therein
which are open to motor vehicles.

Careful driving is demanded of all persons using the roads. The
Govunment is in no way responsible for any kind of accident.

2. Motorcades. — Motorcycles are admitted to the park under the
same conditions aa automobiles and are subject to the same regula-
tions as far as they are applicable. Automobiles and horse-drawn
vehicles shidl have the right of way over motorcycles.

3. M<aor tnuJcs. — Motcar trucks may enter the park subject to the
weight limitations jH-escribed by the Director of the National Park
Service. Schedules showing prescribed wei^t limitations for motor
trucks may be seen at the office of the superintendent and at the
ranger stations at the park eukances.

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G&UrS CiXS&S XASSOXiL, PAfiK.

■i. Moa/ra. — AobnaoDbilee jshall not anier or leara the pttfk or use
t^ -park rawis b^ore .5.^ a. la. or After lA.^ p. m. except in case oC

S, ImiaxihoaiwH. — ^o perom wba w moder diB ioflueraco of intoxi-
cftlffig liquor, tAd }ao peraoa vbo k Addicted to the use <d B«rootJc
dri^,,ahBll e^eca&e oc -dji^t » aaolior vehicle of ssyidad on the park
roads.

4. Diataskce apartj fears 'Otid indeed — Xvb^atihilem irhile in aiotion
dbUl be aot lew jllum SO 7«rdB a^rt, txcefi for purpose at paasing,
vhkh is permiasible eely oa. oimapariUivfiy ievvl strstciies of roids
or OD slight grades. All aoUKOob^es, excej^ viale shiftily g^ai^
^aU r«iaui their geus constaBily enoae^ed. Tfaa dnvcr of each
autoffiobiie zoMy he required to satisfy ^rk officers ihat ail parts of
ius mttchana, .particmUrly Uie brakes and tires, ore in Gntr«iase irork-
ing order and capable of making the trip, and that there is n^Qcicnt
gaadine in the l^nk to reach the aext place where ii may be obtaiood.
Tiie aaloowbile ahaU cair? sX least oue extra tire. Motorcycles not
eqm|:^^ viih ^akes in good m>rkLqg order are sot permiM«d to
alter the park.

7. Spe^e. — Speed ia Hoiited to 12 miles per hour on grades and
when iKMmtMog sharp curres. KM straight open stretches wlwn no
rebide is aiearer Ihaa ^)& yards the speed may be ineneased to 20
mileeper hour.

8. Horns. — The horn shall be sounded on approaching curves or
stretches of road concealed for aay oonsiderable distance by slopes,
overhanging trees, or other obstacles, and before meeting or passing
otiier automobiles, motorcydes, riding or drivij^ ammals, or pedes-
trians.

9. Lights. — All automobiles shall be eqinpped with head and tail
lighto, 4^ h«sdiig^t« to be of «*^GiMit i)n^Q«xicy to ti^ore safety in
ibTTOg at m^t, and ail Kghts sb»S be kept Kghted alt«r sHnset
when automobile is on the road. Headlights Bhall be dimmed when
meetii^ oth^ Automobiles, motorcycles, ladiiig or drivii^ itTiimHl;3j

10. Muffier cid-outs. — Muffler cut-outa shall be closed wl^
approaching or passing ridiag hotBes, feorse-drawn vehicles, hotels,
camps, or checking stations.

11. Teams. — When teanw, saddle horses, or pack trains approach,
' aatosa&biJt» -ahaJl take the outer edge of the roadway rc^rdleffl of

tbe dirsctioB m Krbieh ii may be giMng, taking caa« thai swffiiierat
foom is left on the inside for the passage of vehicles and aQiiiiBl&
Ti^ma ha^^e ik» nght of way, aad autem^les shail be backed or
otherwise handled as may be necessary so as to enable teams to pass
'rith safety. In no case shall automobiles pass animals on the road
at a speed greater than 8 miles an hour.

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86 ORAin} CA2TY01T ITAHOITAL FABE.

12. OvertdkiTig vehidea. — Any vehide traveling slowly upon any of
the park roads sball, when overtaken by a faster-moving motor vehicle
and upon suitable signal from such overtaking vehicle, give way to the
right, In case of motor-driven vehicles, and to the inside, or bank side
of tiie road, in case of horse-drawn vehicles, allowing the overtaking
vehicle reasonably free passage, provided the overtaking vehicle does
not exceed the speed limits specified for the road in question.

When automobiles, going in opposite directions, meet on a grade,
the ascending machine has right of way, and the descending machine
shall be backed or otherwise handled as may be necessary to enable
the ascending machine to pass with safety.

13. Accidents, atop-overa. — If, because of accident or stop for any
reason, automobiles are unable to keep going, they shall be imme-
diately parked off the road or, where this is impossible, on the outer
edge of the road.

14. FiTies and penalties. — Any person who violates any of the fore-
going regulations shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall
be subject to a fine of not more than S500, or imprisonment not
excee<ting 6 months, or both, and be adjudged to pay alt costs of
the proceedings, and such violation shall subject the offender to
immediate ejectment from the park. Persons ejec.ted from the
park will not be permitted to return without prior sanction in writing
from the Director of the National Park Service or the superintendent
of the park.

MAPS.

The following maps' may be obtained from the Director of the
United States Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. Kemittances
should be made by money order or in cash.

Sbintiho, 28} by 25 inches, scale about 1 mile to 1) indiee, contour interval 50 feet.
BuOHT Angel, 26 by 20} inches, scale about 1 niile to 1) inches, contour interval

60 feet. Contains a geolt^c history of Bright Angel Quadrangle, by L. F. Nobel

on reverse side map.
VisHNr, 28 by 21 inchee, scale about 1 mile to 1} indies, contour interval 50 feet.

Od the abore maps tbe roods, trtils, and namea are printed in black, the streams In blue, and th«
reliel is indicated bii brown contour lines,

UTERATURE.

GOTERMaENT PTJBUCATIONS.

Government publications on Grand Canyon National Park may be
obtained as indicated below. Separate communications should be
addressed to the officers mentioned.

ie olQce ol the superintendent of tbe park, bat th*t

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GRAND CANTON NATIONAL PABK. 37

DISTKIBIJTED FKBB BT IHE NATIONAL PARK BEKTICE.

The following publications may be obtained free on written appli-
cation to the Director of the National Park Service, or by personal
appbcation to the office of the superintendent of the park.
Uap of National Parks and N&tional Monuments.

Stiows location nt allot tbe oatioosl parks and moDomeDts admlniattred by the NaUaul Park Sfrrlce,
and allrailroad routes to these raservaUons.

SOU> BT THE SCPEEINTKNDKNT OF DOCUMBNTa

The following publications may be obtained from the Superintend-
ent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C,
at the prices indicated. Postage prepaid. Remittances should be
made by money order or in cash.
Glimpses of our National Parka. 72 pages, incloding 31 illustrations, 10 cents.*

CoDUins dascrlptioa ctf the moEt Important features at tha principal natloiiBl pvks.

The National Parks PortTatlD. B; Bobert SterHnK Yard. Third edition. 24S
pafes, including 306 illustrations. Bonnd securclj in cloth. SI.*

Ccntains nine chapters, each descriptive at a DStlonal park, and cm« a Jatga chapter devoted to other

Guidebook of tlie Western United States, Fart G, the Santa Fe Route, with a sido
Hip to the Grand Canyon of the Colorado, by N, H. Darton and others. (Bulletin
G13, U. S. Geoic^cal Survey.) 1915. 194 pages, 25 rout* maps, 42 platee, 40 text
figures. 50 cents.'

This guide doaiTlbffl the country atong the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Kallway trom Kuisas City
to Los Angeles. Although the doscriptloa of the rocks and tbdi relations and the scenic features tona
» Istge propcrtioD. of the matter, nearly every page gtves InfOTmatlcoi as to notable hlstMlc events.
Industrial lesourcas, plants, and animals. The story of the Indians, past and present, (Epedalty the
ebUBFteilstlc Pueblo tribes, is told in some detalL Huiy of the facts regarding the rocks are hwa
Jnsenled lor the first time. The book contains numerous views of prominent scenic features and
ptdores o< restoration of some of the ver; remarkable animals whose bones are found In the clays,

Exploration of tho Colorado River of the West and its Tributaries, by John Wesley

PoweU. Explored in 1869, 1870, 1871, and 1872. Pp. 291. Under the direction

of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Illustrated. Government Print-

ingOffice, Washington, 1875. (Out of print.)
PtfrCambrian Igneous Rocks of the Unkar Terraoe, Grand Canyon of the Colorado,

Ariz., by C. D. Walcott. U. S. Geol. Surv. 14th Ann. Eept., pt. 2, pp. 497-524,

piB. 60-65. 1894. S2.10.
The Gruid Canyon. Senate Doc., No. 42, 6&th Congress, 1st session, by Thomas

Puiton DawBon, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C, 1917. 67 pp.

Price 10 cents.

An srticia givli^ credit of first traversing tbe Grand Canyoa to James White, a Col«ado gold pros-
Tertiary History of the Grand Canyon District, by Clarence E. Dutton. U. S. Geol.
Surv. Mon., 2,264 pp., ill. and aUas, 1882. |10.

ie park, bat tiiat

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38 (O&ND CAHYOH KATIONIL FAKE.

BIBUOGRAPHY.

Brfl, WilliMfi A. "New TrBcksiD Nc*th AmCTKa" (ajounuil of tnveland adTenluni
irtulBtcDgagedrntheanrveyfaraaontbeninilrwdtothe Pacific Oceanduring 1867-
68, pp. 565). Scribiier, WeUord & Co., New York, 1870.

BertoD, Francis, Membre Correapondent de la Societi de Geographic de Geneve.
"Un Voya^ eur le Colorado." San Francioco, 1878. pp. 64. Casa Grande, Tuma-
cacori, Grand Canycm.

Bicknell, P. C. "Guidebook of the Grand Canyon of Arizona." A volume of inter-
esting facte and goesip. Pp. 97. Copyright by George U. Young, 1902.

Bowles, Samuel, "Our New West," pp. 524; Grand Canyon, pp. 500-503; Hartford
PubliahingCo., Hartfwd, Conn., 1869.

ConkHa, Enoch. "Pictureeqne Arizona." Pp. 380, Grand Canyoci. chap. 3^-335.
The Mining Record Printing GataUiahinent, No. 61 Broadway, 1S73.

Couee. Elliott. "On the Trail of a .Spanish Fi<H»eer." Translation of the Diary and
Itinerary of Francisco Garces. 2 vola., F. P. Harper, New York.

Ban^n, N. H. "Story ot the Grand Canyon el Arizona." Pp. 81. PubUehed by
Fred Harvey, 1917. (A popular iUuatmted account of its rocka and origin.)

Dellenbaugh. Frederick S. "A Canyon Voyage." Pp. 277. G. P. Putnam'a Som,
New York. Fully illustrated. (The narrative of the second Powell expedition
down the Green-Colorado River from Wyoming and the explorations on land in the
years 1871 and 1872.) Price. $3.50.

"Breaking the Wilderneas." Pp. 360. G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York,

1906, Fully illustrated. Grand Canyon chapter, pp. 318-327. PHce, $3.50.

"The Romance of the Colorado River." Pp. 401. G. P. Putnam's Sons,

New Yorfe. Fully illustrated. (A complete accoant of the discovery and of the
exploradons from 1540 to the present time, with particular reference to the two
voyages of Powell through the line of the great canyons.) Price, $3.50.

Holmee, Burton. Travelogues. Vol. 6, The Yellowstone National Park, The Giaod
Canyon of t^e Arizona, Moki Uml. 336 pages, ill., 1908.

Hough. EmwBOD. The Preeid«it'B Foreet. Srtniday Evening Port, Jutuary 14,
21, 1922.

Jamea, George Wharton. "A Little Journey to Strange Places and Peoples." For
Home and School Intermediate and Upper Grades. Pp. 269, Grand Canyon Chap-
ter; On to ^lliams, pp. 238-260. Illnstrated. A. Flanagan Co., Ohic^o, 1911.

"Arizona the Wonderland." Pp. 478. The Grand Canyon, pp. 98-103.

The Page Company, Boston, 1917.

— — — "In and Around the Grand Canyon." The Grand Canyon (rf the Colorado
River in Arizona. IJttle. Brown & Co., Bostim, 1900. 341 pp.. illustrated.

"Our American Wonderlands." Illustrated. Pp. 290, Containing The

Giand Canyoo <rf Arizona, pp. 1-10; The Canyon of Cataracts and the Havaeupai
Indians, pp. 158-166. A. C. McClurgA Co., Chicago, 1915.

"The Grand Canyon of Arizona— How to See It." Pp. 265, illusbvted.

Little, Brown & Co., Boston, 1910.

Kolb, E, L. "Through the Grand Canyon from Wyoming to Mexico," with a fore-
word by Owen Wister; wia» 48 platee from photograptis by the authiH' and his brother.
The Macmillan Co., New York, 1914. 344 pp., illustrated, mape. Price, W.5ft.

Laut,AgneeC. "TbroughOurUnknownSoutbweet," Pp.271. Grand Canyon and
the Petrified Forest, pp, 137-152, Ulurtrated. McBride. Naot 4 Co,, New York,
1913.

Lummis, 0. F. "A Tramp Acroee the Continent. " Pp, 270. Grand Canyon Chapter,
The Verge of the Desert, pp. 244-254. Charles Scribner'a Sons, New York, 1892.

"Some Strange Corners of Our Country" (The Wonderland of the South-
west). Pp. 270, Grand Canyon Chapter, The Grandest Gorge in the World,
pp. 1-19, Illustrated. The Century Co., New York, 1892.

GBASD CAKTON NATIONAL PAAK^ 39 '

Mitchell, Donid Hcdmee. "God'a CoBittiy." The Grand CSnyon Cb^>ter. pp.

m-222. niufitnded. The Elbert RichjiidKW Co., Cinciniutti. CHtio, 1910.
Uair, Jolm. "The Graad Canyon ot the ColMsdo." Pp. 147-382. St«ep Traih,

edited by Wm. Frederick Bad^. Houghton Ififfiiik Co., Boston and Sew Yotk,

1918. niuBtrated.
Muok, J. A., M. D. "Arizona Sketches." Chapter entitled Canyon Bcboee, pp.

130-150. niuBtrated. TheGrsftOTiI'rwB.New Yrak, 1906. Illua., pp.230. Price

*2, net.
P^otto, Emcet. "Oni Hupoaic Soothwect. " Pp. 245. Hloetntiona by the

tutlioi. The Grand Canyon, an ImpreBntm, pp. 129-13&. Ch&rles Scnimex'a

Sons, New York, 1916.
Pepin, S. D., geologist. Origin o( Grand Canyon, including Discovery and Brief

History. Copyright 1916. Pp. 30. J. A. Alles Co., printers, Los AngtJea.
Popham, William Lee. "Grand Canym ot Arizona Romance." Description being

from author's obeervation. The World Supply Co., Louisville, Ky., 1913. 94

pp. Price, $1.
Powell, John Wesley, "Canyons (tf the Colorado." With, many illustrations. Pp.

396. Flood A Vincent, Meadville, Va.. The Chautauqua-Century Prese, 1895.
■ "First through the Grand Canyon" (being the record ot the pioneer explora-
tion of the Colorado River in 1869-70, edited by Horace Kephart, New York). Out-
ing Publishing Co. 1915. 320 pp. Price, $1. (Outing Adventure Library No. 4.)
Pnidden, Mitchell. "On the Great American Plateau." Pp. 237 (Wanderings

Among Canyons and Buttes in the Land of the CIi&-d weller and the Indian of to-day.)

niuatrated with photographs and with or^nal drawings by Edward Learning.

C. P. Putnam's Sons, New York and London, 1906. Grand Canyon Chapters,

"Under the Spell of the Grand Canyon," pp. 36-71; "A Little Story of World-

Makii^," pp. 72-89.
RobiMon, WillH. The Story of Arizona. Pp.458. Grand Canyon chapter, "Scenic

Arizona," pp. 367-378. The Berryhill Co., Phoenix, Ariz., 1919.
Roosevelt, Theodore. A Booklover'a Holiday in the Open.
Emu Fe Railway System. The Grand Canyon of Arizona, 1902-1909 (being a book

of wordsfrom many pens about the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River in Arizona),

pp. 150-161. Robert M. McBride A Co., New York.
SanndeiB, Charles Francis. "Finding the Worth While in the Southwest." Pp. 2:!1.

Grand Canyon chapter, The Grand Canyon of the Colorado River in Arizona, pp.

150-161. Robert M. McBride A Co.. New York City, 1918.
Smith, W. W. "The Grand Canyon of Arizona and the River That Made It, the

Cobtado." Copyrighted 1913 by W. W. Smith, pp. 32,
Steele, David M. "Going Abroad Overland." Pp. 197, 16 plates, 2 maps. Putnanis,

New York, 1917.
van Dyke, Henry. The Grand Canyon and other Poems. 78 pp. Charles Scribner's

Sons. 1914. Price, $1.35.
Warner, Charles Dudley. "Our Italy." Two chapters on Grand Canyon, The Heart

ot the Desert, pp. 177-188; On the Brink of the Grand Canyon— The Unique Mar\'el

of Nature, pp. 189-200. Harper & Bros., New York, 1891.
Whiting. Lillian. "The Land of Enchantment," with illustrations from photographs.

Pp. 347. little, Brown A Co., 1906. Dedicated to the unfading memory ot Maj.

John Wesley Powell, the great explorer. (Grand Canyon chapter, The Carnival ot

theGods, pp. 311-338.)
Woods, G. K, "Personal Impressions of the Grand Canyon ot the Colorado River."

As seen through nearly two thousand eyes, and written in the private visitors'

book of the world-famous guide, Capt. John Hance, guide, story-teller, and path-
finder. Collected and compiled by G, K. Woods. Illustrations. Pp. 152. The

Whitaker & Ray Co., San Francisco, 1899.

..ogle

40 GRAND CANYOIT NATIONAL PAEK.

Yard, R. S. "The Book of the Nadoaal Parka," with mape and illuBtratioQa. Pp.
420. Charles Scribner'a Sons, NewYor'k. 1919. Grand Canyon chaptei^A Pageant
of Creation. lUuBtiat^d, pp. 32S-351.

"The Top of the Continent." Grand Canyon chapter— The Greatest

Ditch in the World. Pp. 213-244; illustrated. Charlee Scribner'a Sons Co., New-
York, 1917.

OTHER NATIONAL PARKS.

Rules and Regulations similar to (his for national parks listed
below may be obtained free of charge by writing to the Director of
the National Park Service, Washington, C. C.
Crater Lake National Park. Rocky Mountain National Park.

Glacier National Park. Sequoia and General Grant National

Hot Springs National Park. Parks.

Lafayette National Park. Wind Cave National Park.

Mesa Verde National Park. Yellowstone National Park.

Mount Rainier National Park. Yosemito National Park.

^dbyGoogk-

AUTHORIZED BATES FOR PUBLIC UTILITIES,
SEASON, 1922.

HOTELS AND PUBUC CAMPS.

The following hotels, etc., are operated by Fred Harvey:
EL TOVAR.

The El Tovar is located at the railroad terminus, near the head
of Bright Angel Trail, at an elevation of 6,866 feet above sea level,
&nd open all the year. It is a long, low structure, built of native
bowlders and pine logs. There are 93 sleeping rooms, accommo-
dating 175 guests. Forty-six of these rooms are connected with
private bath.

There is a music room and rendezvous. In the main dining room
165 persons can be seated at one time.

Hot and cold water, steam heat, and electric light are supplied.
El Tovfur also has a steam laundry.

Authorized rata at El Tcrmir Hotel.
AiaericaQ plan:

One person in room without bath, per day (6.00

One person in room with bath, per day 8.00

There are few exceptional rooms with bath carryii^ an additional

Meals only:

Breakfast L 26

Luncheon 1. 26

Dinner 1. 50

BRIGHT ANGEL COTTAGBS.

Cozy lodgings in cottages or tents at Bright Angel Cottages,
adjacent to El Tovar. The accommodations are clean and com-
fortable. There are four cottages, open the year round and several
lai^e tents for summer only. All of the cottages have steam heat
and electric hght; one cottage also has baths. About 150 persons
can be accommodated here. Meals are furnished a la carte at the
caf6. Kitchen facilities are ample for qtiick a la carte service.

Authorised rates at Bright Artgel Coliagei.
Lodging only, per day, per perBon fl- 50-tL 76

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42 GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PABK.

HERMIT CABINS.
On Tonto Plateau at the foot of Hermit Trail; consists of a central
dining room, lounge cottage, and II sleeping cottages; accommoda^
tions toe 30 p^soes.

Aviharixei rmtet at Htrmit Cahira.

Americnn plan, per day, per p^reon f 5

PHANTOM RANCH.

On the north side of the Colorado River near the mouth of Bright

Angel Creek; ctmsists of vett-boilt 3t<me cotti^;«9 with mess hall

and rendezvous with excellent accommodations.

A ulhorized raUt at Phanloia Ranch .

AnericAn plan, per day, per p«9on 96

REST HOUSES.
THE LOOKOOT.

The Lookout is a quaint observatory and rest house, built on U*&
edge of the rim near the head of Bright Angel Trail. It is equipped
with a large binocular telescope in the tower, for observing the most
distant reaches of the canyon by day and for viewing the he&vens
by night. There is a small library for the Layman and scientast.
Canyon maps and photos are for sale. The reception room has
spacious windows, a fireplace, Navajo rugs, and easy chairs: it is
dectric lighted and steam heated.

HERMIT'S REST.

Where Hermit Rim Road ends and Hermit Trail begins is a unique
rest house, built into the hill, with a roofed-in porch and a parapet
wall. As the name imjrfies, it is intended to provide rest and shelter
for parties who take the Rim Road drive, or the Hermit Trail trip.
Guests may sit at the tables outside or sheltered by the glass front
inside, according to weather, and aijoy a light lunch in unusual sur-
roundings. Admission is by ticket. Tickets may be obtained at
El Tovar or Bright Angel Camp, at 50 cents.

SHOPS AND STCmES.
HOPI HOUSE.

Opposite El Tovar is a reproduction of the dwelUn^ of the Hopi
Indians and several Navajo hogat^.

In Hopi House are installed collections of Indian handiwork.
Here also live a small band of Hopis, who are among the more primi-
tive of our Indians. The men weave blankets and the women make
pottery.

The homes of the Hopis are on the edge of the Painted Desert,
perched on the crests of lofty mesas where they live as did their

GBAKD CAHVON HATiONAI. EABK. 43

tonbetrs and dii^ to their h^ dwelling jdsce. Tbey &re indus-
triaus, tbriity, orderly, and mirthful. A round of ceremoDi^ each
teiminatuig in the pageanta, called "dances," marks the different
seaa«Hw oi the year. Sub^ting almost vholly by agriculture in ait
arid region of uncertain »«ps, they find time between ^eir labors
for li^t^iearted danee and song, and ior elaborate ceremoniak,
which are grotesque in the Katduna, or masked dances, ideally
poetic in the flute dance, and intensely dramatic in the snake dance.
In the three and a half centuries of cwitact with the white race
thftir mannw et life has not mat^alty changed. The Indian tribes
that roamed over mouDtam and plain have become wards of the
GoTemment, but the Fuel:^o Indian has absolutely maintained his
indiyiduality.

Th« I^ava)o wfHBen weave fine blankets and many of the men are
expat silv^aniths, who faahios bracelets, rings, and other articles
frwa Mexican c<Hn ^ver. The Navajo Indian Reservation — one of
the largest in the United States — borders Marble Canyon on the
east. They are a pastoral people, intelhgent, uid, like the Hopis,
self-suf^Ktrting. They own la^e numbers of sheep, cattle, and
hcvses- 'Hke Navajos are tall, ratiier lender, and agile. They have
been rightly called the Bedouins of the Desert. Nowhere are they
gathered into permanent villagea. Although "eiviliaed," they still
clii^ to old custiHiK and old religious forms. The medicine man, or
Shaman, has a large following, if not a large per cent of cures. Their
d&ikce ceremonies are weird in the extreme. The fire dance is a
spectacular lO-day ceremoay, seldom witnessed by white men, and
occurring only once in seven years.

Supai Indians frcun Havasn Canyon frequently vkit El Tovar.

KOLB BROS.' STUDIO.

E<db Bros.' studio is at the head of Br^ht Angel Trail. The Kolb
&08. give, each day, an interesting lecture, illustrated with oxotion
pictores and ^des, describir^ their boat trip through the canyoaia
<^ the Green, and Colorado Krvers, Admis^on, 50 cents.

Here, too, visitors may view the canyon through a telescope and
obtain reliable information. Photographic views and other pictures
fepresenting their many years' exploration of the Grand Canyon,
are for sale.

SiGBT-SEElNG TRIPS BT ROAD.

BBGVLAE TBIPS BV AEFf OHOBIlf.

The following trips are available every day in the year by auto-
mobile :

BermWs Rest. — Stopping eu route at Maricopa, Hopi, Mohave,
and Puna Points, First trip starts at 9.30 a. m., returning to El
Tovar and Bright Angel about 12 noon. Second trip starts at 1.30

44 GRAND CAWYOK NATIONAL PABK.

p. m., returning to El Tovar and Bright Angel about 4 p. m. Rate,
t3. This rate includes use of facilities and light refreshments at
Hermit's Rest, This drive is 1 5 miles round trip along the Rim Road.
There is also a sunset trip to Hopi or Mohave Points, leaving El Tovar
and Bright Angel Camp at 6.30 and returning about 7.45.

Hopi Point. — El Tovar to Hopi Point, 2 miles west; rate, fl.SO.

Mohave Point. — Three miles west; rate, 12.

REGULAB SUMMER TRIPS R¥ AUTOMOBS.E.

The following trips are available through the summer season (ap-
proximately from April 15 to November 15).

Grand View. — Through forest of tall pines via Long Jim Canyon
and Thor's Hammer, 13 miles each way; time about 3} hours. Leave
El Tovar 9.30 a. m. and 1.30 p. m. daily. Rates, $4. From Grand
View may be seen that section of the canyon from Bright Angel
Creek to Marble Canyon, including the great bend of the Colorado.
On the eastern wall are Moran, Zuni, Papago, Pinal, Lipan, Navajo,
(Desert View), and Comanche Points; and the mouth of the Little
Colorado River. Still farther beyond is the Painted Desert and
Navajo Mountain — the latter plainly seen, though 120 miles away.
The rim trail to Moran Point is interesting. Grand View Trail enters
the canyon near Grand View Point.

Desert View. — Thirty-two miles each way via Long Jim Canyon,
Thor's Hammer, Grandview, Hull Tank, Trash Dam, Tanner Tank,
Old Aztec Ruin, Ltpan Point, and head of Tanner Trail. Two round
trips a day, leaving El Tovar 9 a. m., and 1.30 p. m. Rate for one
person, t20; for two persons, tlO each; for three or more persons up to
capacity of car, $8 each. Special auto for parties of six persons or
less, $48; lunch extra, except for El Tovar guests.

At this point there is a far outlook not only into the canyon above
the Granite Goi^e, where the river valley widens, but also across the
Painted Desert, toward Hopi Land, and along the Desert Palisades
to the mouth of the Little Colorado. At sunset and sunrise It is a
glorious sight. For that reason one preferably should arrange to stay
ovemight — a camping trip elsewhere referred to. One and one-half
miles west of Desert View is Lipan Point, affording an excellent view
of this whole region.

SPEaAL SUMMER TRIPS BY AUTOMOBILE.

These trips depend upon condition of roads and may be at times
discontinued.

Bass's Camp, 24 miles, and Havasupai Point, 1 mile beyond.
Rate same as Desert View trip.

Yavapai and Qrarideur Points. — This drive extends 2 miles east of
El Tovar. Rate, $1. ^

OBAKD CAirrON NATIONAL PABE. 45

PRIVATE CONVEYANCE SATES.

Where special cars are desired, an extra chaise of $2 is made for
entire party, besides the individud rate for regular service.

As an example: The rate for regular trip to end of Kim Koad is
13 each person. If one person desires to make this trip in a special
conveyance, that person would pay $5; if two persons go, the entire
expense would be $8; for three persons, $11; an3 so on up to six.
The $2 extra is collected for the party as a whole, and not individa-
aUy.

Other rates for special autos vary with service performed.

Note. — If the demand for regular-trip drives is so heavy as to
require use of all conveyances available, private trips will be discon-
tinued temporarily,

GARAGE SERVICE.

There is at Grand Canyon a large stone garage with ample facilities
for repairing and supplying automobiles. The rate for storage of
automobiles is $1 per day.

TRAIL TRIPS.

Bermii Trail, stofping at Hermit Cabiiia overnight. — Time, tvp days
Mid one night. Hermit Road by auto. Down Hermit Trftil, stay
overnight at Hermit Cabins; go to river at mouth of Hermit Oeek;
return up Hermit Trail to Rim; thence to El Tovar over Hermit Rim
Road. Trips leave El Tovar and Bright Angel Cottages at 9. 30 a.m.
and return next afternoon. Rates $18.25 each person, including
guide, overnight accommodations, and meals en route and at Hermit
Cabins. Private guide, $5 per day extra.

Sright Angel Trail. — The trail here is generally open the year round.
In midwinter it is liable to be closed for a day or two at the top by
snow, but such blockade is not frequent. The trail reaches from the
hotel 7 miles to the Colorado River, with a branch terminating at
the top of the granite wall immediately overlooking the river. At
thislatter point the stream is 1,272 feet below, while El Tovar Hotel
on the Rim is 3,158 feet above. The trip is made on muleback, ac-
eompanied by a guide.

Those wishing to reach the river leave the main trail at Indian
Garden and follow the downward course of Indian Garden and Pipe
Creeks,

I*ave at 8.30 a. m. for the river trip, 7 miles; return to Rim S
p. m. Rate, S6 each person. Leave 10.30 a. m. for trip to plateau,
5iailes; rate, $5 each. Rates quoted above are for each person in
parties of three or more. For special trips with less than three per-
sons there is a party chai^ of $5 extra for guide. Lunch extra,
except for El Tovar room guests.

ityGoO^lc

46 OBAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK.

It is necessary that visitors who walk down Bright Angel Trail
and desire that guide and mules be sent to meet them, be charged
full price and special guide fee of $5. This is unavoidable, as the
mules and guides are not available for any other trip.

Hermit- Tonto-Bright Angel Loop. — This trip takes two days and
one night. Hermit Rim Road to head Hermit Trail; down Hermit
Trail; stay overnight at Hermit Cabins; go to river foot of Hermit
Creek; return along Tonto Trail to Indian Garden; thence tip Bright
Angel Trail.

Start from El Tovar or Bright Angel Cottages at 9. 30 a. m., and
return next afternoon. Round trip charge is S23.25 for each person;
private guide is $5 a day extra; rate quoted includes regular guide,
overnight accommodations, and meals en route.

Note. — This trip can be lengthened to three days and two nights
by spending an extra night in the canyon, also going to river at foot
of Bright Angel Trail^a 34-mile journey. Rate, $14 a day, one per-
son; $S a day extra each additional person; provisions extra; includes
guide.

Three-Day Rihhon Falls trip. — Leave about 9 a. m. Down Bright
Angel Trail, crossing the Colorado River by new steel suspension
bridge and reaching Phantom Ranch early afternoon. Overnight at
Phantom Ranch, following morning by way of Kaibab Trail in Bright
Angel Canyon, 5 miles to Ribbon Falls, beautiful clear waterfall in
the form of a crystal ribbon shedding its waters on a natural rock
altar in the midst of a verdant amphitheater. Box lunch at falls,
and return to Phantom Ranch for overnight. On third day the
return to El Tovar completes a never-to-be-foi^otten experience.
The all-expense rate for this trip, for parties of three or more, is $30
per person. For parties of less than three, a party charge of $5 per
day for guide, extra.

Across Grand Canyon to Eaihah National Forest on North Rim. —
This combines an instructive and interesting excursion across the
whole width of the Grand Canyon, from rim to rim, with a visit to
the Kaibab National Forest. This beautiful virgin forest is the
home of thousands of deer and the haunt of the mountain hon and
the bobcat. Starting from the South Rim, the roimd trip is made
in five days, including one day spent in the forested section. The
route ia by the Bright Angel and Tonto Trails across the Kaibab
Suspension Bridge to Phantom Ranch; thence along Kaibab Trail
and up Bright Angel Canyon to Wylie Way Camp at Bright Angel
Point on the North Rim, On the return Ribbon Falls visited en
route. For those who may wish to spend some time in the Kaibab
National Forest, saddle stock and camping outfits are available^ at
Wylie Way Camp. Approximate expense, except personal accom-
modation in WyUe Way Camp, $70 f>er person for the five-day trip.

c;ooyic

GBAND CAKTON NATIONAL PABK. 47.

Wylie Way Camp, S6 per day extra. For full particulars and advance
reserrations address Manager, Traosportatioa Department, The Fred
H^vey Co., Grand Canyon, Ariz.

Dripping Spring. — This trip is made on horseback all the way, or
auto to Rim, and saddle horses down trail; 10 miles west, starts at
8.30 a. m. Rate, $6 each for three or more persons; for less than
three persons, $5 extra for guide. Private parties of three or more
persons, $5 extra for guide.

SADDLE HORSES.

Recently many new bridle paths along the Rim and through the
pines of Tusayan have been opened up, so that horseback riding now
is possible for all. The animals are well trained and dependable.
Saddle horses cost $4 a day, or $2.50 a half day. English, McClellan,
Whitman, or western stock saddles furnished as requested. Side-
saddles not provided. Rates quoted include, for parties of three or
more, the services of a guide. For a guide for parties of less than
three or for a private guide the rate is $5 a day, or S2.50 a half day.
Horseback trips over any of the trails into the canyon are only
permitted when accompanied by guide. This is necessary to avoid
risk ia meeting trail parties and pack trains.

There are several interesting foot trails near Grand Canyon Til-
lage. Information as to these may be obtained at the superintend-
ent's office,

CAMPING TRIPS.

Camping trips with pack and saddle animals, or with wagons and
saddle animals, are oi^anized, completely equipped, and placed in
charge of experienced guides.

The rates vary from $10 to $15 a day for one person; $6 to $8 a day
each additional person. Such rates specially include services of guide
and camp equipment; provisions extra; figures quoted are approxi-
mate only, varying with different outings.

Havasu Canyon and Havasupai viUage. — The best time to visit
this place is from May to October. A journey of about 50 miles, first
by wagon or auto, 35 mUes across a timbered plateau, then on horse-
back down Topocobya Trail along Topocobya and Havasu Canyons,
to the home of the Havasupai Indians.

48 QRAND CANTON NATIONAL PABK.

hj falls of water over precipices several hundred feet high, backed by
grottoes of stalactites and stalagmites. This water all comes trttm
springs that gush forth in surprisng Tolume near the Havasupai
village.

The baskets made by the Havasupai women consist of the burd^i
basket, a shallow tray, and a water bottle of willow. Those made by
the older weavers are of fine mesh, with attractive designs, and bring
good prices. Havasupai means people of the blue water. Padre
Garces was the first white man to visit their canyon home. In eaj-Iy
days the Havasupais undoubtedly were cliff dwellers. They built
nearly all the Grand Canyon trails, or rather their rude pathways were
the advance guard of the present trails. Their summer homes
resemble those of the Apaches. The winter homes afford more pro-
tection against the weather.

The round trip from El Tovar is made in three days, at an expense
of $15, a day for one person, $20 a day for two persons, and $26 a day
for three persons. Each additional member after party of three, S5
a day; provisions extra. These rates include service for party of
one or two persons, also cost of horse feed, but do not include board
and lodging at Supai village.

For piirties of three to six persons an extra guide is required, whose
sefvipes are charged for at $5 a day.

Note.-— At the western end of the Granite Gorge is a trail down to
the Colorado River and up the other side to Point Sublime and Pow-
ells Plateau, the river being crossed by ferry. Reached by team
from El Tovar, a distance of 24 miles, or it can be seen as a detour
on the Havasu Canyon trip; rates on application.

Desert View. — Elsewhere reference is made to Desert View auto
trip. When taken by wagon it occupies three days, leaving El Tovar
morning of first day and returning afternoon of third day, with all
night camp at destination. Rate, $10 for one person and $5 each
additional person; provisions extra; rate named includes one guide;
an extra guide costs $5 a day.

LitUe Colorado River. — The trip to the mouth of the IJttle Colorado
is a most interesting one. Leaving El Tovar in the morning by
wagon, camp is made the first day at Deer Tank. The next day the
cliff dwellings are visited and the plateau overlooking the Canyon
of the Little Colorado is reached by midday. From the edge of the
plateau to the bottom of the canyon is a straight drop of 2,500 feet.
Rates on application.

Painted Desert and Hopi Land. — The trip is made with saddle and
pack animals. The first night the camp is at Saddle Horse T^ikB.
Hopi Crossing of the Little Colorado is reached the next aftemoon.«nd
Tuba City the third day. The Hopi village of Moenkopie is seen en
route.

:v Google

QRAHD CANTON NATIONAI, PABK. 49

The Painted Desert country affords a most interesting study of a
phase of Indian entertainment, little known to white people. Rates
on application.

Other camping trips are being arranged for by the National Park
Service. Information may be obtained at the superintendent's office.

THE NORTH RIM.
AUTO TRANSPORTATION FROM UTAH POINTS.

The North Rim of the Grand Canyon National Park is reached
from Lund, Utah, on the Union Pacific System, and from Marysvale,
Utah, on the Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad, by automobiles
operated by the Zion National Park Co., Cedar City, Utah.

Special all-expense tours are offered combining visits to Zion
National Park, Cedar Breaks, and Bryce Canyoo. These tours are
scheduled to leave Lund on odd calendar days of the month from
June 15 to October 15, and from Marysvale on even calendar days
of the month from June 16 to October 14.

Authoriitd rate*.
Froai Ltmd, Utah, to Zion NatioD&l Park, Grand Canyon National I^k, Cedar ' ■■ ■

Breaks, Bryce Canyon, and return to Lund, an eight-day trip, per, pi^Bpn, ,

min imiim of Eoui paasengeiB f 125

From Maryevale, titah, to Grand Canyon National Park, Bryce Canyon, and

return to Marysvale, a five-day trip, per person, minimum of four paoaengefB*. 110
From. Marysvale, Utah, to Bryce Canyon, Grand Canyon National Pork, Zion

National Park, Cedar Breaks, and return to Marysvale, an ei^t-day trip, per

person, minimum of four passengers' 140

Above rates include automobile transportation and meals and lodg-
ings en route. Children under 12 years of age, one-half fare. Twenty
five pounds of baggage on full-fare tickets and I24 pounds on half-
fare tickets will be transported free; excess baggage will be chained
for at rate of 10 cents per pound.

Arrangements also can be made with H. E. Bowman, of Eanab,
Utah, forspecial automobiles from Marysvale, Utah, to Bryce Canyon,
North Rim of the Grand Canyon National Park, Zion National Park,
and Cedar Breaks and return to starting point for a flat rate of $75
for each person, a minimum of four persons. Bowman will also
furnish special cars carrying four people for 50 cents per mile and
caxs carrying six people for 60 cents per mile, these cars to be operated
at the pleasure of the occupants aa to distance traveled each day
and as to places visited, with the proviso that a minimum chaise will
be made for 20 miles in any one day whether traveled or not. Twenty
flT^ei pounds of free baggage will be allowed each person; excess bag-
SK^ '^ ^® charged for at the rate of 10 cents per pound. Two
children under 6 years of age will be carried in lieu of one adult.

• Ontilpa tramUarysv^, TrausportaUoaUBnager, Zt«l National Park Co., Cedar Cllr, Utah, mnat

beiMCllledat least ail hours In advance of arrival of passengers at UuTSvale. 1)0 1'

50 GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK.

WYLIE WAY CAMP.

(^ the North Rim at Bright Angel Point, situ&ted in a shady
grove of pines, is a Wyhe Way Camp, consisting of a central dining
tent and comfortable sleeping tents; everything is spotlessly clean.
Camp opens about June 20 and closes about October 1, There are
accommodations for about 25 people.

Authorized rate at Wylie Way Camp, American plan, per person,
per day, $6.

SADDLE-HORSE TRIPS.

Arrangements may be made at the Wylie Way Camp or by writii^
to Jensen & Vaughn, Fredonia, Ariz., for saddle-horse trips to various
points of interest on the North Rim and in the canyon. Time re-
quired and rates are as follows:

Side trips and rates therefor from Wylie Way Camp, Bright Angel
Point:

To Point Imperial, one-day trip.
To Point Sublime, two-day trip.
To Cape Royal, two-day trip.

Saddle horses for these trips or for special trips on the plateau, $3
each per day.

Down Bright Angel Trail to Colorado River, a three-day trip,
overnight accommodations in the canyon at Phantom Raock, the
rate is *6 per day for each horse.

Guide for all trips, $6 per day.

For all overnight trips from Wylie Way Camp on the North Rim
one or more pack horses must accompany the party, the rates for
these being the same as for saddle horses.

Bedding and provisions, $2,60 per day for each person.

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A PORTION OF THE FIRST FOREST.

ROOT OF PETRIFIED TREE, 7 FEET IN DIAMETER,

Tha profile reaembles a dog's or lion's head,

PETRIFIED FOREST NATIONAL MONUMENT. ARIZONA.

1 1» Google

NG DOWN A STEEP STRETCH ON THE HEHMT
GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK.

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JUL 2 5 1923

RULES AND REGULATIONS

GRAND CANYON

NATIONAL PARK

ARIZONA

GRAND CANYON FROM NEAR ELTOVAR

1923
OPEN ALL THE YEAR

""■'8'"

Indlsns reeard the two

3 CORN IN A METATE.

„ logic

THE BATIOHAL PASES AT A OLAIICE.

[Mumlnr, I9i toUl u«a, 11^3 square miles.]

sr<ssss

iMoOaa.

»««„«.„«»«-.

Hot Spring

MiddlaAiksins

"ssS&'^ss— »-

^"^'^

3,348

lOddle «astwn CaU-

lomU.

253

The BlE Tree Natlooal Faik-eeverai iumdnd
seQucte trees over 10 feet in diameter, Btme

ranges-Startling predplOes-Mile-lcm« cave of

^ IW

Middle eBslsrn CaU-
lanla.

I,12S

Valley ol world-tamed beauty— Lony cUSs-Bo-

General Grant

1890

UldQle eastern CaU-
lornia.

NaUonalPark.

Mount Rainier

West Central Wsah-

324

gilders, some ollarie ^e-J8 squara mUes ol
glader, 50 to fiOO feet thick-Wonderful nib-
alpine wild flower fields.

Crater Laka

Southwestern Oregon

349

formations- FliiB flbhlng.

South Dakota.

19CQ

Southern OldahDma...

Ncarth Dakota.

Small part with woods, streams, and a Isto-U

rado.

«sMK».r.i3'ES'if.f.'S'sri-a

IHft

Northwestem 1I<H>-
taoa.

rSs'SS^^sS

RflckyMnintaln..

North middle Colo-
rado.

8BTJ

glacfal period.

ISS

Three separate areas— Kilauea and Manna Loa
on HawsU, Haleakala OD Maul.

1916

Lassen Vcdcanlc....

Northern Cailfomia....

Only Bctive vdcano In Vnlted States proper^
Lassen Peak 10,465 feet— Cinder Cons ^,870
feet-Hot Spdngs-Mud geysers.

HountHcKinley...

SouthCentralAlaska..

3,«M

Highest moonlaln in North Amerioa-Elan

Grand Canyon

North central Aiiaona.

SS8

to 2,000 feet, with precipitous wafia-Or great
beauty and soeulc interest.

191B

The
National Parks Portfolio

(TtORD EDITION)

n cloth

ApraentalicHi of At national
park* and iiati<»uil moou-
meiiU ift pictme. Tbc Kkdi» is
faom the beil work of many f^&-
Icgispbus, pK^etsioiial ftod uuatcur.
It cctttaini nine chapters descriptive
each of a naticoal puk. «Bcl one larger
chapiter devoted to other parks and
monuments. 248 pages, mchidiiig
306 illtutratiQDS

■ISenl partpaiJ, upon leceipl at price ia
euh at mtrnqr ordet, bjr tbe SupdiDtendeiit
of Documesli, Govemmeot Piinling Ofice,

w. D. a

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CONTENTS.

Oeneial deacriptiiui 1

A migldy spectacle 1

The firat view 3

Fuk Service InformatiDD. Bureau 4

living at the Grand Canyon 4

Free public camp gnmad 4

Seeing it from the rim 5

Deecfoidiiig the canyon 5

The Hermit Trail 6

TheTontoTraU 7

TheHttvaau Canyon 7

Origin and geolc^c history of the Grand Canyon S

History of the canyon 17

The canyon as a resort 22

The north, rim of the canyon 22

Tables of distancee and altitudes 23

Roads ■ 23

Trails 26

Derivation of names used on Grand Canyon maps 27

lirtofbirda 31

How long to stay 32

What to wear '. 32

Administration 32

Hov to reach the park 33

ByraU 33

By automobile 34

Aatomobilo supplies 35

Owceriea. 35

Water 35

Fnbtic utiUtieaand conveniences 36

Poet office 3G

Telegraph 36

Telephone 36

National Park service stations 36

Medical service 36

Petrified Forest National Monument 36

Administration 37

Coflto of trips and hotel accommodatiwis 37

Stop-over arrangements 38

Bales and tegulations 38

General regulations 38

AidoBiDtiiie and motorcycle r^fulationa 42

Mi*e 44

litenture 44

Government publications 44

Bibli<^Taphy 46

OtbOT nation^ parks 48

Authorised rates lor public utilities 49

Hotels and public camps 49

EJTotw Hotel 49

Br^t Angel cottages 49

Hermit Cabins. 48

TOOgk-

VI CONTENTS,

AutlKiriid rates fur public utilities — Continued. Pm«.

R«et]ioueBe 50

The Lookout 50

Hermit's Rest '. . ." 50

Sfaopa uid'shn-ee , 50

Hopi House 50

Verksmp's 51

KolbBroe.' Studio 61

Si^t^^eeing bips by road 51

R^ular trips by automobile 51

Henuit'sRest 51

Hopi Point 52

Mohave Point 62

Regular summer tripa by aut<«aobile 52

Grand Vi«w 62

Deeert View 52

Special Buuimer trips by automobile 52

riivate conveyance rat«9 53

Garage service 53

Trail trips 63

Hermit Trail 53

Bri^t Angel Trail 63

HennitTou to-Bright Angel l«op 54

Three-day Ribbon Falls trip 54

Across (irand Canyon to Kaibab National Foreston North Rim 54

Dripping Spring 1 55

Saddle homes 66

Camping trips 55

Havaeu Canyon and Havaaupai Village 55

Deeert View 56

Little Colorado River 56

I^iint«d Desert and Hopi Land 66

The North Rim 67

Auto stage transportation from Utah points 57

Special auto service 57

Wylie Way Camp 58

Saddle-horse trips 58

MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS.

Grand Canyon from near El Tovar Front.

Havaaupai Indian Reservation in the Havaeu Canyon Inside front.

Havasupai Indian womUL grinding c<»n in ametate Inside front.

Petrified Fore8tNationalMonument,.4rizona,aportion of theFirst Forest. Inside bark.

Root of petrified tree, 7 feet in diameter Inside back.

Coming down a steep stretch on the Hermit Trail Back.

Fio. 1. Generalized columnar section, showing position and structural relations
of the rocks of the Grand Canyon National Park and the age, character, and

thickness of the groups and formations into which they are divided 9

Fio, 2. Generalized sections across Grand Canyon, looking up the Colorado River. 10
Map of Arizona showing railroad connections to Grand Canyon National Park. . 33

Map of Grand Canyon National Park 34

Map showing principal automobile routes in Colorado, Utah, Arizcma, and New
Mexico. /. : 35

GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION.

The Grand Canyon National Park is in northern Arizona. Its
958 square miles inclose 56 miles of the Grand Canyon stretching
west of its beginning at the mouth of the Marble Canyon. Through
it winds the Colorado River for a distance of 103 miles. From rim
to rim the canyon varies from 8 to 20 miles in width; it is more than
a mile deep measured from the north rim, which averages nearly a
thousand feet higher than the south rim. The eastern boundary
mcludes the lofty painted walls east of which lies the Fainted Des^t.
Its western boundary includes the broad Havasu Canyon, tributary
from the south, in whose depths we find the Havasupai Indian Reser-
vation and a group of fine waterfalls markedly different from any in
our other national parks.

The park boundaries hug the rim closely. Very little of the coun-
try back of the rim ia included in the reservation, scarcely enough in
places to take care of the great increase of travel which national
parkhood will bring to the Grand Canyon during the next several
years. These border lands are wonderfully attractive. The north-
em rim is heavily forested with pine and spruce interspersed with
beautiful glades of quaking aspen. The southern rim carries a
slender semiarid flowering v^etation of rich beauty and wide variety
and south of the railroad staticm lie a few square miles of fine yellow
pine forest.

The Grand Canyon was made a national park in February, 1919,
thirty-three years after Benjamin Harrison, then Senator from
Indiana, introduced the first of several bills to give it park status,
Pohtics, local apathy, and private interests, which sought to utilize
its water power and to find minerals in its depths, were the principal
. causes of delay. All efforts failing to make it a national park, in
1908 President Roosevelt made it a national monument. Once a
rulroad was surveyed through it. A scenic railroad was projected
along its south rim. Less than a year before it became a park efforts
Were making in New York to raise money to dam its waters for power
and irrigation.

A MIGHTY SPECTACLE.

There is no doubt that the Grand Canyon is one of the world's
very greatest spectacles. It is impossible to compare it with the
tremendous white spectacle of the Himalayas, or with the House of

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2 GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PABK.

Everlasting Fire of the Hawaii National Park, or with the 17,000
feet of snow and glacier which rise abruptly between the observer's
eyes and the sununit of Mount McKinley, becaus* it has noithiiig in
common with any of these. But of its own kind there is nothing
in the world which approaches it in form, size, and glowing color;
it is much the greatest example of stream u^tm. And in its power
to rouse the emotion of the looker-on to stupefy or to exhilarate, it
has no equal of any kind anywhere, unless it be the starry firma-
ment itself.

Approaching by rail or road, the visitor comes upon it suddenly.
Pushing through the woods from the motor camping ground, (w
climbing the stairs from the railroad station, it is th«^ at one's feet,
disclosed in the sublimity of its templed depths, in the bewildering
glory of its goi^eous coloring. There is no preparation of mind and
spirit. To some, the revelation is a shock, no matter what the ex-
pectation. The rim of the Grand Canyon is one of the stillest places
on earth, even when it is crowded with people.

To describe the Grand Canyon is as impossible as it is unnecessary.
Few natural spectacles have been so fully pictured, few are so familiar
even to the untraveled. Its motionless unreality is one of the first
and most powerful impressions it makes. And yet the Grand Canyon
is really a motion picture. There is no moment that it does not
change. Always its shadows are insensibly altering, dbappearii^
here, appearing there; lengthening here, shortening there. Iliere
is continual movement. With every quarter hour its difference may
be measured.

There is the Grand Canyon of the early morning, when the light
slants lengthwise from the Painted Desert, The great capes of the
northern rim shoot into the picture, outlined in golden light against
which their shapes gloom in hazy blues. Certain temples seem to
rise slowly from the depths, or to step forward from hiding places in
the opposite walls. Down on the green floor the twisting inner
goi^e discloses here and there lengths of gleaming water, sunht
and yellow.

An hour later all is wholly changed. The dark capes have retired
somewhat and now are brilliant-hued and thoroughly defined. TTie
temples of the dawn have become remodeled, and scores of others
have emerged from the purple gloom. The Granite Gorge, now de-
detailed fully, displays waters which are plainl/ muddy even at this
great distance. And now the opposite wall is seen to be convoluted,
possessing many headlands and intervening gulfs.

OMUn CA2tYOK KA'nOIHAL PAIK. 3

tacles of the moramg cieep b»ck, now iwwmd asd strangely altered
JB outline. It is a new Grand Canyon, the same hut wonderfully
different.

And just f^ter sunset the reds deepen to dim purples and the grays
and yellows and greens change to magical hhies. In the dark of a
moonless 'night the canyon eu^ests unimaginable mysteries.

THBRBS1 TmW.

BVom the railroftd station the Tisitor ascends to EI Torea Hotel
and the view of the canyon at perhaps its showiest pomt. Here
is where the temples loom their bluest and are nearest hy. Here
the Granite Gorge approaches nearest to the south rm. The view
of El Tovar is restricted by the extension of Grandeur Point and
Maricopa Point on either aide. These cut off the view of the great
midtoa ol the caayen easS and vest. El Tovar view ie a fnoaed j»c-
tea ai limited Bizet. Ik is better se; better for the ncvoesBer to- eotw
gradually iato iht reajizai^on of the whole which will eonie whea
he walks ta xides cnt to the many peints which pu^ Borthward
from the south rim ; betkev also to return to after d&ys ^tent on tha
lim <s in the canycn's deptle.

Having studied this view for geacr^ outUnea aoid the eaayoo'a
eonfonaatioB, rtratifieaUmi, and eolenng, the visitoc wilt find for
Ini^ielf , ca f aoi oe hy motor stage w coaeh, loany poi&ta whkh will
affofd hktt rari^ outktokB vpoa the hrM,d reaches of the canyeo.
It ie advBsble to Me Uta can you from end to end fr<m the rim b^oca
exftorktg the trails to the fiocH* and the river.

The tcavtler who & unhtcky Moeugh to hftve na more time at his
cbsposftl SMy, eveai m one dj.y„ see much of the Grand CaayoD either
from the nos cr by irailB-back deeeeat te the deptiis as prefereitce
dbtates. Prob«bly the sne-day viaitos caa »ee nu)i% by taku^ the
i&wla Harmit Rim Road drive west ia the foreoocra and the SO-rail*
tfaire ea»4 to Gnuid View and Deaert View in the afternoon than in
any othcv way. Both the rim drives and the descent into the can-
yon may be had in two days. Sfwiecy day added to tha schedule
will give the visitor further novel experiences and glcffioas viewa,
such as the Hermit Loop trip, the Phantom Ranch trip, or to the
North Rim of the cany<m, visiting Ribbon Falls en route.

When you go to the Grand Canyon leave the duration of yotu: stay
open foe decision when there. You will probably then remain from
£^e days to two weeks. Two weeks of fairly steady going will enable
you to see the Grand Canyon thoroughly without undertaking trips
which are a hardship to persons unaccustomed to trail riding.

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4 GBAND CANTOIT NATIONAL PARK.

FABK SERVICE INFORHAHON BUBEAU.

A free information bureau is maintained by the National Ptirk

Service in the Administration Building, where the superintendent's

offices are. Park visitors are welcomed and are advised to apply to

' the attendant in chaj^e of this bureau for official information of ajiy

kind.

A suitable reference library is being occuunulated for the use of
visitors, and the Government maps and other publications may be
consulted or secured here.

Automobile arrivals are requested to register at this bureau, unless
previously registered at a checking station.

UVING AT THE GRAND CANTON.

Living is pleasant and comfortable. El Tovar Hotel oflEers delight-
ful conditions at rates reasonable in these times for its high-class
accommodations. Its porches are broad, its garden a collection
of rich semiarid vegetation, its rim walks inspiring. There is horae-
back riding through many miles of yellow-pine forest and out to
viewpoints on the rim, but there are no sports. Here is neither golf
nor tennis. The canyon absorbs the whole attention of its visitors.

Adjoining the hot-el there is a most comfortable annex of cottages
and tents and caf^; rates are lower than those charged at the main
hotel. There are comfortable tent cottages at Hermit Creek Cabins
on the Hermit Trail, and at Phantom Ranch across the Colorado
River. The latter cottages are built of the native rock, with mess
ball, etc. Both these resorts are first class in every respect. There
are cottages at Desert View, where one may spend a few nights.
Camping trips along the rim and down to the Havasupai Indian
Reservation and the waterfalls of Havasu Canyon can be arranged.
It is possible to take your pack train across the river on the Kaibab
Suspension Bridge, stay overnight at Phantom Ranch, and ascend
the most interesting Kaibab Trail up Bright Angel Canyon to the
excellent public camp on the north rim of the canyon. This trip is a
matter of several days.

FREE FVBUC CAMP GROUND.

From April to November the south rim is free from snow and the
free public camp ground near Grand Canyon Village is available to
campers. Motorists are urged to bring their own camp equipment
and make use of this camp. Sites will be allotted free of charge on
application to the office of the superintendent of the park. There
is a garage in the village where gasoline and oil can be procured.

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0M3TD CANTOir NATIOKAI^ FftSK. S

llere is also a general store where groceries can be purchased.
It is necessary to purchase water in the vill^^, as Uiere is none
at the Grand Canyon and it must be hauled from a distance by rail.

SEEING IT FROM THE BIM.

East of the hotel are several points reached by motor roads whidi
afford fine views of the upper half of the Grand Canyon, The most
famous of these is Grand View, where still stands the first regular
hotel of the canyon, now private property. The eastern terminus of
the road is Desert View, which offers a view up the Marble Canyon,
and eastward over the famous Painted Desert. West of the hotel
the auto stages stop at a succession of fine points, each with its own
individual view of the mighty spectacle.

There is much to see also in the neighborhood of El Tovar,

The Grand Canyon Rim Foot Trail extends along the canyon rim
east to Grandeur, Yavapai, and Yaki Points through the pine forest,
and west to Maricopa, Sentinel, and Hopi Points.

Numerous paths lead out both east and west from Grand Canyon
Village through the woods to advantageous points of view on the rim.
These paths are inviting to the hiker, or, if one desires to combine
horseback riding with viewing the spectacle thus reached, he may do
so over these paths, where the footing invites a canter, the surround-
ings furnish shade and beauty, and automobiles do not intrude.

DESCENDING THE CANYON.

There are two practicable trails from the south rim to the river.
The one commonly used starts from El Tovar Hotel and descends
the deep alcove between Grandeur and Maricopa Points, This is the
celebrated Bright Angel Trail.

The descent of this trail is usually done on muleback in parties led
by guides. It is a sad mistake for persons not in the soundest physical
training to attempt it on foot, for the apparent distance as seen from
tlie rim is misleading, and the climb back is most arduous at that ele-
vation. The south rim of the canyon at El Tovar is 6,866 feet above
Bea level. Nearly every day one or more trampers, overconfident of
their endurance, find the way up too arduous and have to be assisted
by guides and mules sent down for them from the rim.

The descent is an experience of great charm. The trail is well
built and kept in good condition. The traveler passes in review
all the strata which form the canyon walls ; their close examination will
be a source of pleasure. Just under the rim the trail passes through
a fine forest of spruce, and from this down to the sage desert of the
36072°— 23 3

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6* GK&KD ournm katiohai, pabk.

gtwa fl<KW the trarel«r will also pass is HTidw a Beri«e of T^[etatuMi
'i^ch reprMents aeons or bundrads of naika of surface growths.
There are (wo steep chfis which the trail deaceods in series of short
hitches of zigzags, one of which, known as Jacob's Ladder, carries the
traveler down the famous Redwall limestone, which is so distinct a
scenic feature of the canyon from every rim view. But there need be
no alarm about these descents, for the zigzags, short and numerous
though they are, maintain always a uniform safe grade. It may
affect the unaccustomed nervously to see his mule hang hk head
over short abysses at the turns, but the traveler himself does not
hang over tiiem, and the mule is sure-footed, stolid, and indifferent.
There is only one creature with less imagination than a mule, and
that is his cousin, the burro.

Indian Garden, which lies on the floor of the canyon, is so named
because Havasupai Indians once cultivated the soil through which
passes the stream which originates in springs below the Hedwall,
It is called Garden Creek. The Indian Garden now is a tangle of
high brush, principally willow, through which the trail passes out
upon the Tonto Platform, and presently jdunges down the rocky
gorge which leads to the edge of the muddy Colorado.

THE HERMIT TBAIL.

A much finer trail from every point of view than the Bri^t Angel
starts from Hermit Kest, south of Funa Point, and descends the
Hermit Canyon. It begins 7 or 8 miles west of El Tovar. This is a
two days' journey, including a night spent in Hermit Cabins well down
in the canyon. It involves an experience worth many times the addi-
tional day which it requires.

The Hermit Canyon is one of extreme beauty; there is probably no
other which equals it in gorgeous coloring and the variety of its rock
forms. The trail, whose grade is less thtm that of the Bright Angel,
is one of the finest in the world. It is longer than the Bright Angel
Trail and leads out upon impressive points overlooking fascinating
views. The descent of the Redwall limestone is a masterpiece of
trail building, and the only part of the Hermit Trail which gives an
impression of steepness; but this may readily be walked down by the
unaccustomed rider; ita descent is not nerve racking. The night
at Hermit Cabins, under a towering crimson gable, with colorful
Hermit Canyon on the south and Grand Canyon opening northward
over the green shale of the Tonto Platform, or "lower plateau," is
as comfortable as it is fascinating. The trip to the river and back to
the camp is usually made the first day.

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vHBTomro nuiL.

Too few vimterB to Hcrmh Cabim eoaabine Hie two trail tripe with a
JooTBey betnreflD than over die Tonto PlatCDrm. The desert is by
tlie Hennit Trail willi a n%ht at its foot. I^ next morniiig the
journey ia UMide oa m^back up the canyon to the ladian Gsrdai,
and from there, after lunch by lite stream aide, up the Bright Angd
Trail to El Tovar.

THE HATASU CANYON.

The Havoau Canyon in the far weatem end of the national park is
rarely visited. The trail begins at the end of a long desert road by
descending precipitously to a gorge throngh whidi the Havasupai
Indian BeBerration is reached. There are less than 200 Indians on
the reservation. These live by farming the land irrigated from
Havaau Creek; com is their principal product, but melons, figs, and
peaches are also produced. The reservation fills a broad amphi-
theater in Uie gorge sarrouBded by lofty red sandstone cliffs of the
Suptu fortnatioa. Iliore are no hotels or camps and the heat is
ifiteise in sunmier. The Havaeu Creek water is strongly impregnated
with Hme and mipalatable, thoogh Mitirely wholesome. Neverthe-
hee, the viat to l^e reservation is one of imusual charactfr and charm
for those -wi^ do not object to a little hardship.

B«low the reservatifm the cuiyon breaks into a series of waterfalls,
tvo of which iH-e unusual in kind and beauty. These tare the Havasa
Fall and the Hnali^w Fall. Both drop ovw lofty ahdves, which are
jdaatered on back and sides by richly carved festoons of lime travei^
tine. Both the falls occur in deep gorges in the Redwall limestone.
Bright green cottonwoods, cactus, and other desert v^etation
enliven the scene, which is as differMit as imi^ination can well paint
from anything else in the Grand Canyon National Park.

In the sprii^, following the melting of the rim snows, there are
Various waterfalls in the Grand Ciutyon itself, several of which last
ftn* some mtrnths. These o«iur od the north side of the river, where
there is a greatfc supply of water, the south aide being arid except for
Inief periods faUowing meltings and dtHidbursts. One of these tem-
porary noitb'mde waterfalls in d^r Creek, niiicji has been seen by
rery few ptecsons, is said to be more than a thousand feet in hei^t.
"With the eroBsii^ of tiie river, whieh is new poeaible ova- the Saibab
Suspension Bridge, these and many other fascinating spectaclra, now
little known^ will become familiar sights to many, llie destiny of
tfae Grand Canytm is to become one of the most used national parks.

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8 ■ GBAND CAintON SATIOHAL EABK.

ORIGIN AND GEOLCHHC HI8TOBT OF THE GBAND CANTON. ^

The Oraad Canyon is the deepest and widest of a long series of
canyons through which the Colorodo River flows for 500 miles across
a region of high table-lands known as the plateau province or the
Colorado Plateaus. These canyons are unusually steep sided and
unxisually deep, but they are merely parte of the valley of the river,
and, like most other river valleys, they have been formed by the
stream that occupies them; they are not, as some who are unfamiliar
with geologic processes have supposed, due to any violent or catas-
trophic breaking of the earth's crust. The Grand Canyon is per-
haps the world's most spectacular illustration of the accumulated
results of erosion—of the combined action of running water, rain,
wind, and the various atmospheric agencies that attack the rocks
and sculpture them into the forms that give character to a landscape.

A PECUUAK TYPE OP LAND SCULFTURE.

The scenery of the Grand Canyon is the supreme expression of a
type of land sculptiu-e that is peculiar to the plateau country, a
type whose elements are cliffs and tabular forms — buttes, meeaa,
terraces, and plateaus. The high plateau into which the river has
cut its way is built up of layer upon layer of rock beds that lie nearly
level and that extend continuously over great distances. These
beds, as one may see in the walls of the canyon, consist of sandstone,
shale, and limestone, which have been grouped by geologists into
the formations shown in the generalized columnar section forming
Figure 1, This figure presents a sunmiaiy of the facts relating to
the character of the rocks exposed in the Grand Canyon National
Park and the thickness, attitude, order of acciunulation, and struc-
tural relations of the formations.'

ARCHTTECTUBAL FORMS DOMINATE THE CANYON.

As the formations he in orderly horizontal layers, Uke beds of
masonry, they have been carved into definite architectural forms,
whidi are everywhere nearly identical in profile though varied and
irregular in plan, and as they vary in their resistance to erosion,
some being hard, some soft, every part of the canytm wall, every
pinnacle and butte, is characterized by its own stepUke alternation
of cUff, dope, and shelf. Each resistant bed stands forth as a cUS,

1 By L. F. Noble, gedo^, V. 3. Omlof^cal Stirv^.

■ Tbetenn"foraiatkiD"i3KeiHrtdl7 applied to B group of rock beds (hat aie of aboat the same age, aa
gfaown by thelos^they contain, ot that are ooDsldeiedtogethei lor ooiiTSPlaicalii mapping or deaislp-
tiim. A lonualloais named Iromtbe place whereltwu first studied wframiome place rarq^on where

Ula well exposed. Vtf TfJlhah llm««jiiin, (nmTamjJ.., l. |m Timn»H bSCBOMlt IS WdlSipOSad Ol Uw

KalbabFUtMO.

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0BA13D CANYON NATIONAI. PABE.

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ORUTD CA2rr01l B&TIOZr&L FAKK. 11

ftod dadi weak bed is madked by a dope. £ach ohetf or |datf orm is
Duds by the trasting back of a w«ak etlmtum that lies upcm a reMstuit,
diff^oaking stratum, and the greater the thickaess of the mak
Btratsni the broader the shelf, llis plateaus that border the canyottr
are theniBel'vw siiaply great terraoea developed on a resistant forma-
tion, the Eaibab Umestme, from ivhieh overiying softer beds hare
been washed away. As ero^on goee on parts of the canywi wall of
]^ateatt become separated by the widening of branoh canyons or
nviues and stand as e^tuy outliers capped by r«nnanta of a hard
bed of rock. These rMnnanta are the buttes and temples. The
great hei^t of the plateau gives rapid fall to the streams that enter
the canyon and enables them to cnt powwfully sad de^ly and thus
te ccurve the rocks into forms that are faEdu<med on a ^gantic scale.
The erosion accomplished by these streams, though spasmodic, be-
cause the streams are mainly fed by spasmodic rainstorms in an arid
dimate, is none the less effective. The slopes here are partly bare
of vegetation becsiHe the desert plaota grow far apui;, imd the con-
centrated energy of a single torrential shower may tlierefore wreak
more havoc Jiian woidd be caused by a season's rainfall on plant-
oovered elopes in a humid r^on. It is thia prevailing aridity that,
by retarding the growth of vc^tation and the formation of soil,
keeps ^i&rp and fr^ profiles tbJat in a muster regicm would soon be
dulled or obscured.

SECTIONS ACB08S THE CANYON.

The tiiree sections across the Grand Ctmyon shown in Figure 3
{A, Bi C) iUustrate the intimate rdation between the profile of the
wall and tiie ^wacter of the rocks. In A, where the rocks along
the river are the weak shales of the Algonkian Grand Canyon series,
the bottom of the canyon is a broad valley having gently sloping
wdes. In B these weak stratified rocks are replaced by the hard
ArcSieeBi crystalliBe rocks, and the river occupies a narrow gorge —
^le Granite Gorge. As these hard crystalline rocks are not arranged
in beds and are all about equally resiatuit to erosion the walls of the
Grftnite Goi^ have a steep, cmtinuous slope, which presents a
striking contrast to the steplike profile of the w»ll in the overlying
bedded Paleozoic rocks. In O the river oooupies a narrow box-
shaped vertical-wallod canytm in lite hard Tapeats sandstone, the
ba»al formatioa of the horizontal Paleozoic beds.

In C the weak Hermit sfeale, in the upjrer wall of the canyon, ia
thick Mid *ons6qUMitIy wastes far back from the sunumt of the un-
deriying hard Supai sandstone, leaving a wide platfona known as
the EBplanad«. This [datfttfm, because of its great width and ita

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12 GBAKD CANYON NATIONAL PARK.

conspicuous red color, U the dominant feature of the canyon land-
scape in all the western part of the national park. Bat the Hennit
shale steadily gets thinner eastward in the canyon, as may be seen in
sections B and A, whereas the OTerlying clifi-making Coconino sand-
stone, which defends the retreat of the wall above the Esjdanade,
gets steadily thicker in the same direction. The Esplanade thus
becomes a narrow bench in B and fades to an inconspicuous ledge in A.

In B the v^k Bright Angel shale has determined a similar plat-
form in the bottom of the canyon. This platform, known as the
Tonto platform, or the "lower plateau," is widest in the r^on about
and east of Bright Angel and Hermit trails, where it is a familiar
feature to tourists. It gets narrower westward as the overiying
Muav and Kedwall formations grow thicker and become firmer in
texture.

This marvelous adjustment of external form to the inequalities of
rock structure and character affords to the geologist the strongest
evidence that the canyon is the work of erosion.

'A UNIQUE REVELATION OP GEOLOGIC BISTORT.

A lai^e part of ancient geologic history is revealed more clearly in
the walls of the Grand Canyon than in any other place in the world.
The beds of rock seen in the canyon were all laid down in water as
layers of sand, mud, and limy ooze and in time were hardened into
rock by the great weight of the layers above them, the lime and silica
that they contained cementing their particles together. As rocks of
this kind are composed of sediment deposited in water the geologist
calls them sedimentary rocks, and as they are piled in beds or strata
one above another they are said to be stratified, and the beds are
called strata.

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GBAND CANYON NATIONAL PAFK. 18

worm trails, and impressions of seaweeds; in the Teni|de Butte lime-
stone, the remains of an ancient type of fieh; and in the Hermit
shale, impressions of long-extinct plants. Fossil tracks of small
animals, probably older forms of amphibia, occur in the Coconino
sandstone along the Hermit trail. The aggregate thickness of the
P^eozoic rocks varies from place to place, but in the part of the
Grand Canyon that ia included within the National Park it averages
4,000 feet.

KOCKS OLDEB TBAN THE PALEOZOIC.

Ancient as are the formations of the Paleozoic era, two great sys-
t«ins of rocks — the Algonkian and the Archean — are buried beneath
their base and appear only in the depths of the canyon. The rocks
of the older system, the Archean, form the walls of the Granite Gorge.
They are the foundation rocks of the region, and they are totally
unlike the Paleozoic rocks, for they are entirely crystalline, are not
stratified, and show a crumpled banding due to the arrangement of
their constituent minerals in parallel layers, an arrangement pro-
duced by heat, pressure, and recrystallization. The Archean rocks
are mainly of the type known as gneiss and schist, but they include
granite in large masses and dikes that have been intruded while
molten into the gneiss and schist. The Archean rocks have been
named the Vishnu schist. They contain no traces of life.

The rocks of the younger of these two systems, the Algonkian, are
intermediate in age between the Archean and the Paleozoic rocks and
occur here and there in the depths of the canyon in wedge-shaped
masses that lie between the Archean and the Paleozoic. They can
be easily distinguished by the casual observer in the region between
Grand View and the mouth of the Little Colorado, where at least
12,000 feet of them remain. Small masses are exposed near the
mouth of -Bright Angel Creek opposite El Tovar, on Crystal Creek, on
Shinumo Creek, and along Colorado Eiver west of Powell Plateau.
These rocks, like the Paleozoic, are stratified and do not differ greatly
in character and appearance from some of the Paleozoic strata, notably
the red Supai and Hermit formations, but, unlike the Paleozoic
strata, they have been tilted from the horizontal position in which
they were originally deposited, so that they are inchned at various
angles. These Algonkian rocks have been named the Grand Canyon
series. The few obscure fossils found in them are so poorly preserved
that they tell very little concerning the primitive life of the period.

QKKAT UNCONVORMITIES.

Each of these two great rock systems— the Archean and the Algon-
kian — is separated from the one that overlies it by a nearly even
36072"— 23 i

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14 (SAkSD CUTTOH KATIONAL PABK.

surface tlutt cots across or tnmcAtes f^ underljing beds <»- masses.
This tnmcatioii marks what is kiMwn to geologists as an uaiformky.
Each uncoo/ormity means that the rodis below it were worn down
by streams or waves to a Qearlj level surface before the nuterifd Uiat
formed ihe ov^ljing rocks was deposited.

The top of titei Paleozoic senee is also marked as an UDCoaformity,
for although the Paleosoic beds u<e tiie highest that appear in the
wall of the Grand Canyon they actually once lay beneath a later thick
series of horizontal deposits. The traveler who comes to the Grand
Canyon from the north descends step by step in southern Utah a
great series of cliffs and terraces carved in horizontal beds, much like
the Paleozoic. The most noted scenic features of southern Utah —
Zion Canyon, Bryce Canyon, and the Vermilion, White, and Pink
diffs — are carved in. these beds, which overlie the Paleozoic and repre-
sent deposits of later systems, the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous,
which are of Mesozoic age, and part of a still later system, the Tertiary.
These lata- beds once extended across the entire region in which the
Grand Canyon lies, covering it to a thickness- at least twice as great
as the canyon is deep, but neariy all of them have been worn away
by erosion. A few small masses of them still remain as buttes on the
Ooconino Plateau sooth of the Grand Canyon. One of these. Red
Butte, lies 15 miles south of El Tovar. Another, Cedar Mountain,
lies 2 miles east of the rim of the Grand Canyon near Desert View.
Cedar Mountain is interesting because the formation that caps it,
the ShinMTunp conglomerate, contains logs of petrified wood, Thp
petrified forests of Arizona (Petrified Forest National Monument),
which lie southeast of the Grand Canyon region, occur in a formation
that immediately overlies the Shinarump conglomerate and that is
exposed over wide areas but has been removed from Cedar Mountain
and Red Butte by erosion.

The rock record just described is laid bare in the Grand Canyon
and in the cliffs of southern Utah with the clearness of a diagram, so
that tlie sequence of geologic events in the region can be read from
it with ease and certainty. The unconformity that truncates the
Archean rocks means that an enormous thickness of oveiiying rock
had been removed from them before the Algonkian beds that now
lie upon them were deposited, and consequently that a vast region,
once high and mountainous, was reduced by erosion through long
ages to tW level plain represented by the unconformity.

When the land had been worn down to a pl^ it sank and was
buried under at least 12,000 feet of mud and sand that now form
the Grand Canyon series of Algonkian age. After these beds had
thus accumulated they were uplifted, tilted, and broken into huge

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CnUW OAVXWK NATfONAl, HJOL 15

blocks that must have -torvaeA faagfa ranges of mountains. Then
feUow«d a Long penod of erosion, during which the moiutains were
wom down nearly to a. fiaa. This plain is rej»-£eeuted hy the
aoconformity that separates the eroded Archeui azid A^onkiao
»cks firon -the overlyi^ horimmtal Paleoeoic ek^ta. Exposed
■8 it is for the aitire length of the Qramte Ciorge and for many
laiies upstream from the Granite QtHge, and visible everywhere
feom t^e rim of the canyon, this unconformity is the most speo-
Intcular known iUuBtraiion of such a feature. It was cot so evea
a surface as the older unconfomuty, for some of the has'd sand-
st^es of ^e tilted AJgonkian blocks long resisted sroaion aad stood
as low hilk (m the plain. A sectiou of one of these hills is visible
a the canycai wall from El Tcrr&r. It lies under Chet^ PyramHl,
just west of the month of Bright Angel Creek, and it rises w^ above
the base of the Paleozoic Iwds, whi<^ were deposited srouod it.

SVBMEBG£NCE, DEPOSITION. UfUFT, AND EROSION,

At the «cd of Algankian time the land was a^in -subniKi^ed, aaid
the horizontal Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and eariy Tertiary strata were
Blowly depocutied. The tinte consimied hy the deposition of these
tizata, -whose aggregate thidmess ei&caeds 15,000 feet, was l<^g,
even in the geck^c sense of the word "loi^," for it must be eeti-
nated in millions rather than, in thousands of years, spaimiug as
it does ti^ conntJms ages during which Ufe was evirived from the
pnmifdve nunne sh^ifish to the apelike predecessor of nuin. Yet
it was short in oonqtarison with (he time consumed by the saoeeesion
«f events reeotded before the P^eozoic strata were laid down, for
that earlier period was inconceivably long, certainly far longer
than all the time that has elapsed from the b^inning of the Paleoaoic
ccft to the |«<eaeiit day.

In Tortiuy time the region was aigtaa uplifted and a period of
eroskm began. Streuus cut -(duinnels into the snrf aoe of the land and
n time fomuMl bpoad vaU^a, whic^ thus continued to expand until
at last nMst of the land stood but little above the level q£ the sea.
At Ijoe end of this period <rf eposion, which is sost^isaes called the
great idemslation, most trf the strata a,bove the Falei^MC had been
(cmoved from the Gruid Canyim region ; thdlr edges had been wom
hade uoibward 50 miles to the border of Utah, and the surface
of the re^on had been reduced to a, neatly ev^i plain. The present
<Mirse of the Ccdorado Biver must have be^i determined by a topog-
raphy d^event from that of to-day, fcH: in meet c^ the xe^oa that
ins within the Kotional Faii:, as one may see at £1 Tovar, the land
BMtth of the oaoyon d^pes directly away from it« lim, ao tiiat the
canyon rons across insbMui o£ down a slope.

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16 GEAND CAliTTON KATIOKAL FABK.

WOU>ISO AND FAVLTING.

The uplifts of the region that raised the Paleozoic and MeeozoSe
strata in Tertiary time were very different from those recorded be-
neath the imconformities in the canyon walls. The rocks were not
compressed and folded, like the Archean, nor were they brokeninto
tilted masses, like the Algonkian; instead, the whole region was lifted
bodily, the strata still preserving essentially the horizontal attatnde
in which they were laid down. Yet the uplift was not equal over all
parts of the region. If, for example, we should cross the Kaibab
Plateau from east to west, say from House Rock Valley to Ryan, we
should find the limestone strata at its western margin ending sud-^
denly in a cliff and appearing again 1,500 feet below, on the surface
of the plateau on the west — the Kanab Plateau. Such a bre^,
along which the strata on one side have sKpped past those on ihe
other, 13 known as a fault. At the eastern mar^ of the plateau we
should find the strata bending suddenly downward in a great curve
returning again as sharply to a horizontal attitude, and continuing
eastward as the surface of the Marble Platform. This type of dis-
location is known as a flexure, or fold.

The uplifted Grand Canyon region is divided into great horizontal
plateau blocks like the Kaibab Plateau by dislocations of the type
just described, either folds or faults, that trend north and south; and
the Grand Canyon crosses these plateaus from east to west. 'Hie
name of each plateau has been given to the section of the canyon tbat
crosses it. Thus the section of the canyon that transects the Kaibab
Plateau is known as the Kaibab division. The Grand Canyon National
Park includes all the Kaibab and part of the next western division —
the Kanab.

In addition to the great dislocations that separate the plateaus
there are numerous small faults and folds in the region, some of them
in the Grand Canyon. Many visitors who have noticed the faults
ask whether the canyon does not owe its origin or at least its course to
a fault, but although geologists have studied the canyon at many
places they have found no evidence of the existence of such a frac-
ture. If it existed it could not have escaped notice, so perfect are
the exposures of the beds in the rocky walls along the numerous
turns of the river. Nor do any considerable parts of the canyon
coincide with faults. On the other hand, it may be said that faults
have guided the course of many tributary gorges in the Grand Can-
yon, and even some parts of the course of the river, though not in the
way popularly supposed. Erosion, not dislocation, has been the
chief ^ent that determined the course of each goi^e. Movement
along soma of the faults, by crushing the adjacent rock, has formed
zones of weakness, which, under the searching action of erosion, have
become ravines or gorges. An example is the gorge of Garden Creek,

OttAND CANTON NATIONAL PABK. 17

which is followed by the Bright Angel trail in front of £1 Tovar.
I^ course of this goi^e has been determined by a small fault, which
has shattered the great cliffs of the Coconino sandstone and Redwall
limestone and has made possible the construction of the trul. The
strata hare been displaced about 100 feet by the faults, those on the
west side having been relatively elevated.

THE WOKK OF MAEING THE CANTON.

During the last great uplift of the r^on, which may still be in
prc^ess and which has raised the plateau to its present he^ht, the
land rose so gradually that the river remained in its ori^al chan-
nel and kept cuttii^ deeper and deeper. The canyon is thus deep
because the land is high and because, in this arid r^ion, the river,
fed by the rains and snows of the Rocky Mountains and armed with
great quantities of mud and sand and gravel, washed into it by its
tributaries, baa lowered its bed faster than its tributaries could
lower the adjacent plateau. But, although the Colorado River haa
thus dug the canyon, the various forms of rock sculpture seea in
the walls of the canyon have been determined by variations in the
behavior of the beds under the attack of the agents of erosion. And
this erosion is still going on. The observer of to-day who stands in
awe on the brink of the canyon or who finds his way precariously
down the trails that lead to its depths should realize that the work
of makii^ this mighty chasm is not yet finished. The various agents
that have modeled the canyon— the rushim; torrent below and the
small streams that descend to join it, the intermittent rain and
snow and frost, and those subtle yet effective chemical activities
that aid in the decay of the rocks, and, above all, the ever dominant
pull of gravity on all loose pwticles — all are still at work on this
wonderf^^l piece of earth sculpture. In the Grand Canyon of to-day
we see the accumulated results of the action of powers that appar-
ently leave from year to year but shght traces of their action but
that, persisting in their work through uncomputed ages, have pro-
duced results of marvelous immensity.

HISTORY OP THE CANYON.

Don Lopez de Cardenas, of Coronado's expedition, discovered the
Grand Canyon in 1540, as a result of stories told by the Hopi (Moquia)
Indians to Don Pedro de Tovar. The old records describe a chasm
which seemed to be more than 3 or 4 leagues across in an air line —
"que auia mas de tres o quairo leguas por el ayre."

For a loi^ period thereafter the Grand Canyon region and the
Colorado Rivei- remained practically unknown. It is next recorded

• Fvuidshed by courtfsy «I Frederick B. DcUeiibsDEli-

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18 GRAWB CAM'Viait SATI0MUL. f&BJL

as faaTuig been Beeai by two Spuii^ priests in 1774; Padre -G^nces
<a«8smg eastward from the lower Kidando to the H<^i t»WBS, who
}iahred, he smja, " at the n^t of ihe mast profound eaxMus which
ever onward coatintic, and withm theae flows the Colisado," and
Padre fkc^ante, who, in searching for a place to emss {lom. like north
after his failure to proceed westwurd firoia Saata Fe to Mtmterej,
finally found the old Ute ford, used by Indians for centuries, near the
foot of Glen Canyon (in latitude ZT^, and by means of it was able
to reach Zuni. The ford then became known as El Vado de ios
Padres — the Orosfdug of the Fathers — for loag the only known cross-
ing of the O)lorado in a distance of seTsrai hundred miles.

The first American to visit the region was James O. Fattie, accom-
panied by his father. They trapped beaver on the lower Colorado
in 1825 and 182& In 1826, retwiiiag eastwiu'd, they traveled for
13 days, following, apparently, the Grand Canytm as well as they
could, but unable to reach the river at any point, till at last they
arrived at a j^ace where the river "emei^es from these horrid moun-
tains." This was the first extended tr^i on record of any human
b^g altuig the brink of the Qrtuid Canyon.

The same yew that the Patties went to the lower Colorado, 1825,
GeBN-al Ashley, in pursuit of his f ur-tradiog enterprise, atten^^ted to
desooid Green River from near the present crossing of the Union
Pa^c Railway. They were forced aiter great hardship to give up
the effort in the Uinta Valley.

The fasaous American trappy* and pioneer, Jedediah Smith, crossed
the river going west in the MiAave country in 1826 and again in 1827.
In this latter year the Patties returned to the lower Colorado and
trapped down the river from the mouth of the Gila in dugouts, the
first navigators of this portion since Alarcon, of the Cortmado e:spe-
dition, came up in 1540. Quite unexpectedly they made the ac-
quaintance of the great bore at the mouth of the river, where they
wfflre in waters that lieutemmt Hardy, of the Briti^ Navy, had
entered the year before.

Other trappers after beaver then followed into the region, ajoA the
Government began sending out exploring parties. One of these
under Sitgreaves crossed the Colorado in 1851 about 150 miles above
Yuma, and three years later another under Whipple, surveying ior
a railway along the thirty-fifth parallel, crossed a few miles above the
mouth of Bin Williams Fork.

When the Califomia gold rush developed one trail of the Forty-
niners led down the Gila and across the Colorado at its mouth, and
now various activities on the lower river began. The first steamboat
was brought to the mouth of the Colorado and up it in 1S52. It was
named the Uitde Sam.

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QBUirfi CAJSW&S NAISOKAI. PASK. 19

Edward F. Beal«, surveying a Gor^^ioeat wi^on road, orosaed
«ad Twnasad 'm 1857 aod IS^S, n«ar the raatiib. of BiU WUliamB
Totk, and ia 1858, Januuy, the Gop^nmeut e^oi^g «xpeditiob,
Boder Lieuteoaot Ives ^W3«ed«d from the moudi up the river in a
small, stffln-'whed, iron steaioer, Uie Explorer, aa far as the foot of
Eiack Canyon, viheooe the ascent was continued in a small boat to
the mouth of the Vegas Wa^. This was not the first staaoijer up,
hovever, as Captain Johason of a c<»umercifd navigaticHi company
had steanutd up and passed witii his steamboat clear through Black
CWnyon to its head, some days hefme mainiy to "get ahead" of Irea
1^0 had earUer displeased johiKOO. Ivea then proceeded overland
to the month of Diamond Creek aod to the Hopi towns via Hav^u
Canyon.

"It aeems inteiuled by natvre," says Lieutenant Ives, after vainly
tryiog to reach the rim, " that the Colorado River, sloag the greater
part of its lonely and majestic way, ehall be forevw unvi^ted and un-
disturbed."

This same year of 1S5S, saw the first crossing on record of the Oolo-
ndo from the north, sioca Esclante, by white men. This was accom-
plished by Jacob Hamblin, a well-known Mormon, a miBsionary and
Ltdian agerat, from Utah to the Ho{h towns. An Indian guided him.
to the Ute fopd (Crossing of the Fathers) and he used it tiiereafter
ilnmst yearly. These Mormons for long were the only persons i^-
aides Navajoe and Utes to cross the river anywh^e. The ford
blown to few was difficult and dangerous at all times uid hnpossibla
except at low water.

In 1862 Hamblin went around the Grand Canyon by the west end
to tile Hopi towns and returned by the Crossing of the Fathers at the
•aat eod, practically, as Marble Canyon begins a few miles below.
1^ next year he went again aronnd by the west end to the Hopis,
risit^g the "henuit" tribe, theHavasupais, in t^eir deep canyon home,
OD the way, the first white man on record to do so after Lieutenant
Ives. The purty returned to St. Geoi^ge around the west end of the
Grand Canyon. Nobody, as yet, went to the rim and there was no
bbown <(»toesing of the Grand Canyim itself anywhere by white men.

Anothar attempt to descuid Green River from the California Trail
(mar the iB-esnit Union Pacific Railway) was made in 1S49, by
^miiuu Manly and party. They expected to find a shorter and ea^eo:
read to the California gold fields. After a hfuii time they emerged
into Uinta Valley whare they met the noted Ute chief Wakar (" Walk-
v") who was good to them and uiged them not to try to go further
iawn &B river.

In 1867 a iBan named Jam«s Wlute was picked up from a raft nefur
Callville, below the mouth of the Vicgba, in an exhansted condition,
ud those who aided him isunedia^y but erroneously assumed that
b* had eoau down tivov^ the Grand Caayoa, the result of an igpwr-

20 GRAND CANTON NATIONAL PAHK,

ance as great oq theirpart as on that of White. He knew nothing about
the interior of the great canyon and mentioned that he had run one
big rapidj whereas be should have mentioned big rapids by the dozen.

So nothing became definitely known about the mysterious interior
of the Grand Canyon or of the canyons of the Colorado River above
as far as the Uinta Valley on Green River until Maj. John Wesley
Powell, one-armed veteran of the Civil War, made hia famous passive
of all the canyons. He started with nine men and four boate from
Green Rivet (Sty, Wyo. {on the Union Pacific Railway, then the only
railway across the continent), on May 24, 1869. One of the men left
the party (Goodman), disheartened, in the Uinta Valley.

The terrifying waterfalls and imderground passages described by
trappers and Indians were not found, but the declivity was often
extremely great and continuous (as in Cataract Canyon, where it is
continuous for about 20 miles), producing violent cataracts, with
huge waves and a water velocity of over 20 miles an hour, frequently
studded with giant rocks.

The trip was one of incredible hardship and danger, led by the
Major with his one left arm, the other having been lost at the Battle
of Shiloh. The plunging rapids in the whole length of the journey
numbered several hundred to overcome the 6,000 feet difference in
altitude between Green River City and the sea. The boats were
oft^n upset and the passage of many of the rapids was perilous to a
degree. Frequently the party would be forced to embark on long
foaming declivities without being able to discover what other, per-
haps greater, falls might lie around the precipitously walled bends in
front of them.

One of the boats, some of the scientific instruments, and a consider-
able amoun t of the food supply were lost in the Canyon of Lodore ; and
some that was rescued had to be left, aa the remaining boats were
overloaded. For weeks the clothing of the adventurers was never
dry; and when they finally entered the mighty depths of the Grand
Canyon itself, in August, there was little food remaining.

Tiie sharpest rapids occur in the granite, and the first Granite
Goi^e, running past the Powell Monument, contains the worst por-
tion of the whole river. When, therefore, another "Granite Goi^e"
developed below Diamond Creek, the men, stalwart and full of nerve
though they were, having become somewhat demoralized by lack of
food and the tremendous strain, were disheartened. Three of them,
consequently, announced that they would go no farther.

This was desertion, but they preferred it to risking the difficulties
they saw ahead. They believed they could climb out and reach the
well-known Mormon settlements on the north, and they believed a
river party would be lost or starve.

"At one time," says Powell in his report, "I almost concluded to
leave the river. But for years I have been contemplatiog Mub trip.

OBAHD CAHYON NATIONAL PABK. gl

To leave the exploration unfinished, to say that there ia a part of
the canyon which I can not explore, having already almost accom-
plished it, is more than I am willing to acknowledge, and I determine
to go on. * * * For the last time they entreat us not to go on,
and tell us that it is madness to set out in this place." The same
appeal that Dunn made to Hawkins, the cook of the party, as Haw-
kins himself tells it.

William B. Hawkins, writing of this in after years, says the three
men had "made up their minds to go, and Dunn said he hated to
leave Hall and myself, as we had been tt^ether a long time, and that
we would perish in the river. [Note the fear of the river which had
developed in the minds of at least three.] While we were talking,
the major came up to me and laid his left arm [he had no right]
across my neck, tears running down his cheeks. By that time the
rest of the hoys were present, and the major said to me: 'Bill, do
you really mean what you say' [that he would stick to the major on
the river] } I told him that I did, and he said that if he had one
man that would stay with him that he would not ahandon the river.
I just simply said that he did not know his party."

He certainly had reason, with three men about to desert, to believe
that others might. The other five were true, however, and it is only
just to say that one of the deserters would have stood true, also, had
it not been for his brother, who was determined to leave- They all
then drank coffee together. The boat party went on, the deserters
climbed out on the north, each party thinking the other party doomed.
The deserters would have fared well enough and would have arrived
at the Mormon settlements had it not been that the Shewits Indians
on the plateau believed, or said later that they believed, that these
were miners who had committed depredations on a tribe to the south.
The men were therefore killed not far from Mount Dellenbaugh, and
their clothing, rifles, etc., appropriated.

The place on the river where they left the major is now known as
Separation Rapid. The day after they departed Powell and "the
faithful five" reached the end of the great chasm without serious
mishap. The names of the three deserters have justly been omitted
from the roll of honor inscribed on the Powell Monument.

Powell's journal of thisfamous voyage is one of the most fascinating
tfJes of adventure in literature. A large part of his meager notes
having been lost, Powell repeated the trip on a more extensive basis
in 1871 and 1872, obtaining then the data on which his report was
based. There is no account of this second, vital expedition except in
A Canyon Voyage, by Frederick S. Dellenbaugh, a member of that
party. Afterwards Powell became director of the United States
Geological Survey and of the Bureau of Ethnology, which he es-
tablished.

v Google

22 GRAND OASTOK NATIONAL PAKK.

THE CANTON AS A RESOKT.

Tfee Grwid Canytm is vwy moch more than a wondM- place or s
staeDtific museum oa a tituiic scale. It is a pleasure resort rd the
Grst oni«'. It may be visited aay dajr in thfi year. The railroad is
ahrays running and tlie hotel alvays op«ii. When most other
resorts are closed the Orazid Canyon is easily accessible.

During the winter snow falls in the pine forest along the rim; and
tbou^ the uppOT porti<»is are now cOTered, ihe trails into the can-
yon are open wid safe; the &>or of the canycm is waim aad comfort-
aUe the year around. When nipping frosts reddui cheeks on the
rim, the most fragile flowers are blooming in the canytm.

The weathu- in July and August is wum iHit not hot on the rim;
the ^titude takes care of that. There are cool mornings, evenings,
and ni^ts no matter hov waim it may be at midday.

Arixcma is a laid ol sonfihine; the air is dry and tJae winds are light.
While spring and fall are more attractive than midsummer or mid-
winter, all the seascms have each its special cfaann. From Deoonber
to March snow is more or less abundant on the rim and a few hondred
feet down the trail. Camping-ont parties must then oon£ne them-
selves to the canyon.

THE NORTH BIM OF THE CANYON.

TbM« is a remarkal:^ difference betwem the n<»th and south rinm.
The north rim, a thousazKl feet higher, is a ct^er country dothed
wil^ thick, lusty forests of spruce and pine with no suggestions of the
draert. Springs are found here and deer are plentiful. It is a r^ktn
Bocax to be used by hxmdreds of campers-out.

The views from the north lim are markedly different. One them
views close at hand the vast temples which form the bael^ound oi
the south rim view. One looks down upon them, and beyond them
at the distant canyon floor and ibs gaping gorge which hu^ tho
river; and beyond these the south rim rises like a great streaked flat
wfdl, and beyond that f^;ain, miles away, the dim blue San FraS'-
cisoo Peaks. It is certainly a spectacle full of sublimity imd charm.
There are those who, having sewi both, consider it the greater. One
of these was Dutton, wlwjse description of the view from Point
Sublime has become a classic. But there are many strenuous advo-
cates of the BuperiOTity of tiie sooth rim view, wldch disfdays close
at hand th« detail of the mighty ehasm of the Colorado, and views
the inonst«r temples at parade, far ^on^ away to see th^u in full
pwspective.

The (rail trip to fi» north rim is now perfectly feasible by the
ctfnpletion of the Kaibab suspension brui^ over the Colorado
Kiver and the extensive repurs oa the Kaihab TVail up Bright Angel
Canyon. It is about 32 miles from Grand Canyon to the Wyl^

.Google

O&AND CAMVOK KATIOKAL PASS.

Way Camp oo Bright Angel Pmnt. About 12 miles are made the
fint daj, stop^^ OTsrm^t at Phantom Ranch; the ramainiDg
20 miles are covered the secoDd day.

Auto transportation and rates for reaching this side of the park
from the norUi are given on page 57.

TABLES OP DISTANCES AND ALWniDES.

ROADS.

i>.«>«.r,«^

AltitudB.

Grand

Hermit
Trail.

Bflmarks.

Jfifet.

3.0

t.i

43
t.3

7.4

i:5

ifil...

5.9

I.J

Tat.

6,875

6,820
7,050

6;t5o

e,Tao
^'aoo

6.6S0

6,6S5

National Park.

By foot or horseback to Hermit But or Hermit

TrsU. 5 mll«a.
l(emortolt«M»l.J«bn Wesley Powell, Sentinel

BotdtoEavasapai

TrailtoHetmltEest.....

l^kiBg down from the Great Mohave W»U-

Oldroalto Hermit Host.

OroveoIpiSoa pines.

Fine view of canyon and river, with Hermit

Creek Cabins vL'dble beneath.
OW road to Otand Canyon, i milei.
Int«r«ting Harvey rest house. Light retredi-

'SSSSr^.^j:'::..

Oat-ott to Grand Canyon

Trtil to Natural Bridges. .
H«^olH«niltlSa!T..

W, DS8EBT VIEW BOAD— OBAKD CANYON TO DESERT
VIEW-30 MILES.

Distanc

from-

>,.«.

'■"■

St.

?!s;.'

""""■

OrandCan

MUf.

.60
.M

LfiO

£50
S.M

too

R.30
0.10

8.60

laio

12. 3S
13.10
13.25

JHiw.

30.00

29.40
3fclO
2S.W

1S.W

21. «

19.90

16.90

Wtit.

•,875

6,976
6,9i!S
6,900

6, sit
7,175

National Park, ' '
ViewofCanyorandrlver. Kflibab Suapen^on
Bridge vl&le beneath.

K««d to Yavapai Flint..

Tndl to Yaki Point

TSuth^J^Iore^t. BometlmescBU»dCcM«^

BoweWellRoad_.

ISIJISSSS^::;:::

Lwg Jim Canyem, eMt

SJ^y^rt^^atl^'pSSt^^SiM.
CbKMng ttelloB. Take ngbt-Uod rowl to

k cache for tools used by rangers lu ilghting

He Grand View Fcdnt. .. .

OtindViBwHotal

flrand Vlev Camp
Oramds.

7,400
7,500
7,490

Magnificent view of canyon, Panted Desert,

Kavaio Mount^n, river, etc.
Old stsee hotel. Not in operation tor many

1 1» Google

GEAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK.
ROADS— Continued.

Distance from—

AUllude.

Canyon.

Desert
View.

"*"'""

UOu.

aaoo

JfilM.

15.»
2.10

Fed.

Old borne of Cart. John Haute, am Eettler m
rimofGrandCanTon.

^3»
7; 450

Navajo Point. Fine view of Uarble CanToo,
Painted Desert, Navajo Mountain. Me. '^

Alti-
tude,

Place,

Grand

Remarks.

i.aa

2.85

3.eo
7.00

12.50

aioo

Z7.S0
28.20

31.30
33.20
33.70

32. 8S

II
11

26.20

23.30

20.70

17! 40

15.00
13.20

S.«
6.00

LBO
.00
.60

FtH.

B,»7S

6,820
6,8)0

'ss.'iKASjjsssKs.a

^Uto Hermit Best

6,650
6:82S

6.600
6;«81

8,«2

6,376

6,3*0

6,235

Eowe Well ranger atation .

Rauger staUon, National Park Service. Tab.

Dripping Springs toiri

Bench ■ mark, United
Stales Geological Euc-

Roa^'to Bass Camp

United States Qoological Survey l»nch ma*.
Koad to Havasupai Point.

Boad to Bass Camp

Bench mark, ijnlled

Supal drift fence

6,061

Untied Slates Geological Survey bench mark.

United States Oeoloelcal Survey bench made
Indian pasture.

5,771
5,772

Tc5,ocoby»Bpring

idb,Google

QEAIID CANTON NATIONAL PABK.

ROADS— Continued.

Distuice from—

„,..^

""■

Grand

Ualne,
Aril.

Bemarks.

Jflla.
0.00

.«0

4.30

o.eo

10.00

ao.oo

M.00
C4.00

70.00
84.00

M.00

S.S

U.0O
44.00
IS. 00
.00
IS. 00
20.00

Fat.
8,875

0,800

BancBiBMlion. AH can slop and nigietar.
Soath eotcanoa to Qrand Caajon NaUcoal

Bood lo Yavapai Pdnt..

e,8ao

6,718

WMkaud iMk to Maine, Artt

o;eo«

asa-sa.sffi.'c^,!'"""'

I>istance Icom—

„„..

""■

K-

Park.

Wylio Way Camp

Canyon Natkinal Park.

4.20

22.40
24.40

46.40
75.40

80.00

41.40
42.40

70.00

130.00

lES.OO

1M.70

1SS.W

148. SO
140.50

iu!70

1^90

126. SO

95.50

81.00

4»;oo

45.50

20.50
28.60
0.00

Fat.

8,260

8,100

8,4S0
8, BOO
8, MO

Polnl, NorLh Kim of Grand Canvon.
National Park Berviee ranger bUiioo. Head-
quarters for Ncrth Bim.
North satrance ta Grand Canyon National
A typkal park or meadow. Rai^ ot mute

Rbdeb of white-tailed squirrels.

Boundary line or proposed Preaidenfa Forert.
Only post offlco in Arliona north of the Grand

Most souliierly town In Utah. Good hote:.

the soUd rock li the si^kado.

slatioD.

Ckai, FtHxist Service.

4,020

CedarM tain.

Sheep cori^.

gcjHOTricww fault

^tah'sDUle. Population, 1,021.

idb,Google

GKUID CAUXON N^nOBAL PAS&.

Di,tan»from-

Place.

Srand

EUmarb.

0.00
.W

a.w

4.W

s.ea

7.00

"■"

19.00
21.00
22.00

24.00
20.00

»oo
30. oa

saoo

Mitt

ST.H
ILM

as.TC

3I.M
21.00
31.0*
1ft 00

l&EO
IT. 00
13.00

12.20

11.00
B.O0
S.00

6.00

.00

6, Ml

e,s6s

1,8B0

i,sre

1,310

HwJ^rf M^ ABol

Creek, rormer home of Indians.

a,6»

••■■i;ow

XSOO

2,S50
),SM

3,850

1:1

^150

Bri^t An^ TralL
Rwiar camp. Not almysoccuiiled-

Head o(''K^b TiiiL...
PlUBtom Ranch

BBlU h^^Mto^' P«k SeniN io ie21. Out*

bridga BCKSS CdondD tor several hundrea

Head o[ Box Canyon.....

Near end of granite fn Bright Angel Creek.

Tha Tnn sept oil Wt.

TtouEhs S riM

Bannrheaiki<i>n«rsonN«nkBm. R^itar.
iDlflnnation service.

»rc.C'.:

Omti CanfOB..

Indiaa Gudens.

TqntoTraU

FlateanPi^t...

Battleship

Bom Cteek

Dana Butte

Thelnlerno

Ball Creek

The Alligatu'. ..

Cedar Spring

UDHuineiit Creel
Hermit Cabins..

mit TrUI.

Bntte called Alligator on left.

idb,Google

Ca&SD CIKYON HiXlOVih f ABK.

TBULS-^ontiiuiod.

GKAND CANTON TO HEEWTCREEKC.

D HEKUIT TR4II™

Distance fram-

Altitude.

FhWK.

Grana

gS!

Bematks.

IBla.

6.00
5.30

JOm.

12.00

7.0»

G.Tn

B.OO
S.OO
1.M
.00

AM.

AdmlniatntlTa h«adqiiartvs of Oruid Conyrai
Niti<aiBl Park.

Uu3lulPocbBo(±

Rofk'wJMtB Marshal Poch sat for half honr «■

SS??';;

sss'«5ar°-^'«-

6B0RT WALKS NUAB QHAND CANYON.

dir^e^^^om

By-

Alti-
tude.

^..

TiiB Lookoat TekscopB. .
KoIbBros. Btndlo

MUrt.

Orand Canyon

Oruid CaarBa

RLmtooltSlL
Bright Angel Trail.

Ktml'MttraU.

'Howo milRoid'.!

Fta.
e,S66

S,8S0
•,870

■*'»'

Studio. Grand Canyon mov-
ing plctoTBtectmedaUrof

ln't^S4%'^^5r'^om

Brleht Angel TralL An-
cient Indian {^Iwraphs.

view et San Franelsco

Roqgh toot trWHrom Bright

Angel TraiL
Fine creek of good water.

3.7nortli

l.Beast

LSoBt

slon Bridge visible. "^

V.nnil Prfnt

R»D»rslati™. GoodwBtw.
Telephone.

DERIVATION OF NAMES USED ON GRAND CANYON MAPS.

While some of them are purely descriptive, many commemorate
acientista, e^louMB, Indian tribes, leftders of Teli^n, mythol<^c
and romantic personages. Aztec and Indian terms occur and the
origin of a few names is unknown.

AlanKm Ten>M.— Spftnieb navi^tor, fiirt to Mcend the Odorado JUvw.

Aptclie Point. — Name o[ a lai^ Indian tribe of Arizona and New Uexico regitm
vtik^ was tmtuing in wtiiiigg and d^tredating both Puebloe and wbitce.

Apollo Ten^le.— The eon of Jupiter and brother of Biana, god of the eun in Ronua
and Greek mylbcAogy.

AwatoM CiesL — Awatubi, villsge of ihe Bopi Indians on Uie Painted Dee^,
destroyed in 1770.

Adeo Am^iithmtN. — General name for all Nabua tribes in Mexico at time of
Cortea.

Bub Camp. — Owned by one of the pioneer eettlera.

Beale Point. — Army officer who surveyed first road across tbe Arizona Plateau.

Brahma Temple. — In the Hindu triad Brahma was the evolver of the univetae,
Vuhnu the redeemer, Siva or Shiva the destroyer.

28 GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PAEK.

Bttddlia Temple. — Tbe title of Siddhartha, founder of Buddhigm in flflh century
B. C.

CudenBE Butte. — Member of Coioiutdo's party and the first whit« man to see tihe
Grand Canyon,

Castor Temple. — Castor and Pollux were inseparable brothers in Greek mythology.

Centeotl Polnt.^Probably an Aztec deity.

Chemnhnevl Point. — The southemmoet of the Pinto Tribe in Lower California.

Cheop's Pyiamld. — An Egyptian king of tbe fourth dynasty, builder of the famous
pyramid at Gizeh.

Chuar Butte and Creek. — Name of Indian chief.

Cocopa Point. — A tribe of Yuma Indiana living on the Colorado River,

Coconino Plateau. — A name sometimes used for the Havasupai, who originally
occupied much of the Arizona Plat«au.

Comanche Point,— Plains Indians from farther east, whose raida were greatly feared
by the Pueblos,

Coufaciaa Temple, — The Chinese philosopher who taught practical morality.
Lived in fourth century B. C.

Conquistador Aisle. — Spanish for "conqueror," The conquistad ores were espe-
cially tbe members of Coronado'e expedition.

Cope Bntte. — B. D, Cope, 1S4Q-1897. A great American naturalist, specializing in .
foBsil animale,

Coronado Butte, — In 1540 Coronado led the great Spanish expedition that penetrated
as far as Kansas.

Dana Bntte, — James D. Dana, 18ia-1895. Not«d professor of geology at Yale for
many years.

Darwin Plateau. — C. D. Darwin, famous English naturalist, founder of Darwinian,
theory of evolution.

Deva Temple. — Divine epithet, applied commonly to goddess Durga, wife of Shiva
of the Hindu triad.

De Taca Terrace. — Cabeza De Vaca was shipwrecked on the Gulf coaet and wan-
dered for e^ht years among Indians before reaching a Spanish settlement.

Diana Temple. — Roman goddees of the moon, sister to Apollo and daughter of
Jupiter.

Dmmmond Plateau, — Henry Drummond, 1851-1897, A famous Scottish religious

Dutton Point, — Maj. C, E. Button, United States Army, who wrote tor the Govern-
ment a monograph on the Grand Canyon.

Elaine Castle. — The lily maid of Astolat in Tennyson's poem, "The Idylls of the
King."

Bscalante Butte. — A Spanish misEionary; the first white man to cross the Qreen
and the Colorado, in 1775.

Eioallbnr. — The magical sword of King Arthur of the Round Table,

FiEke Butte.— John Kske, 1842-1901, American philosopher.

Freya Castle. — In Scandinavian mytholi^ Freya is the goddess of love and
womanly goodness.

Qalahad Castle.— The purest knight of the Round Table, featured in "The Idylls
of the King,"

Garces Terrace. — A Franciscan who journeyed to the Hopi country in 1776.

Gawain Abyss.— Gawain the courteous, one of the principal knights of the Round
Table,

Gelkle Peak. — Sir Archibald GeiMe, many years director British Geological Survey.

Ontnevere Castle. — The wife of King Arthur of the Round Table.

Qunther Castle. — The Burgundian king of the Nibelungen epic, husband of
Brunnhilde.

Hance Creek, — John Hance, a local character and pioneer.

Havasupai Point. — This tribe, formerly occupyii^ Arizona Plateau, now live in
Tavasu Canyon about 60 miles from El Tovar.

GBATTD CANTOK NATIONAL PABK. 29

Holy Gnll Temple.— The cup used at the Last Supper, whict the order of the
Bound Table wae instituted to protect.

HoniB, Temple of. — In Egyptian mythology the son of Oeiria and leis. principal
deitiee,

Hopl Point. — The Hopie, someHmee called the Moquis, have maintained villages
overlooking the Painted Desert since long before the Spanish invasion of 1540.

IConnt Hnethewall.— Indian word tor obeervation point.

Hnzley Tenaoe. — Famous English biologist, 1823-1895.

Isis Temple. — Principal female deity of Egypt, wife of Osiris, mother of Horns, and
sometimes called "the daughter of Ra."

Ivcfi' Point,— Lieut. Joseph C, Ives, United States Army, the leader of Colorado
Biver exploration, 1857 and 1S5S.

IlcaiUlo Point.— An Apache Tribe of northeastern New Mexico, cruel raiders.

Inno Temple. — Wife and sister of Jupiter, queen of heaven in Roman mythology.

Tnpiter Temple. — The supreme deity of the Romans.

Ealbab Platean. — Piute word meanii^ mountain lying down.

Ting Ciest. — Clarence King was the first director of the United States Geologica
Survey.

Elnc Arthur Castle. — A British chieftain of the sixth century who with his knights
of the Round Table has inspired romances galore.

KHslma Shrtne.— la Hindu mythology Krishna is the name of the eighth of the
ten incarnations of the supreme god Vishnu. The ninth was in the form of Ituddha;
(he tonth is still to come.

Ewaennt Bntte and Cieek. — Pai Ute Indian with Major Powell on travels on the
North Rim.

Iiancelot Point. — A knight of the Round Table, featured in TennyeoD's poem,
"The Idylls of the King. "

Leconte Plateau. — Joeeph LeConte was professor of geology in the University of
California forever 30 years; died 1901.

lipan Point. — An Apache Tribe.

Lyell Bntte.^Sir Charles Lyell was a famous English geologist.

Hann Temple. — A Sanskrit word meaning "man," one of 14 demiurgic beaings
each of whom presided over a period of race progreeaion. Manu Vaivasvata, the sun-
born, is the manu of the present race of beings.

UarcoB Terrace. — Fray Marcos de Niza led the first expedition into our country
from Mexico in 1539 aa far as Zuni. His accounts inspired Coronado's exploration.

Marloopa Point. — A tribe of Yumik Indians who moved from Colorado River to join
the Pimas.

Marsh Butte. — 0. C. Marsh, the paleontologist, who made a specialty of extinct
animals.

Hencias Temple. — The Latin name of the Chineee philosopher, Meng, an early
Confucian.

Merlin Ahyn. — A semilegendary character of the fifth century who figures in
Tennyson's "Idylls of the King."

Mescaleio Point, — An Apache Tribe that roamed principally in New Mexico.

Mtmbreno Point.— An Apache Tribe taHi^ its name from the Mimbres Mountaina
in New Mexico.

Modred Abyss.~The treacherous nephew of King Arthur, King of the Round Table.

Mohave Point, — A Yuma Tribe living in vicinity of Needles, Calif.

Montezuma Point.— Montezuma, 1479-1520, ruled the Aztecs at the time of the
Spanish conquest. He was regarded by later Indians as a deity,

Moran Point. — The artist who wae with Major Powell, sketching the Colorado River
country in 1873.

ITatchl Point. — A noted Apache warrior. «

^dbyGoogle

30 GBAim GAmrOK sxtiovax. paak.

Hanbo Point. — Kcuaodic Isdiaiw of Ute plat«Mi region who niftinteiiwii a kng
wftrfare ugainst Puebloe luid whites.

Newljcny FaUt and Batte.— J. 8. Newbctry, gaoiogiat with Ives' exj>editk>D to
the canyon. I.DDg-time profemor Columbia College, New York City.

Newton Butte. — Sir Imsk Newton, 1643-1727, fuuous Eoglidi phyeddst «^o dis-
covered law of gravitation.

O'Kelll Bntte.— Arizona politidaa, one* gaverata.

Osina.— Chief Egyptian doty of good, the principle of good closely amociated
with Ba.

Papage Polnt.~A branch tribe of Pima IndiauB of aouthem Arizooa region.

Pima Point.— Popular name of tribM living in the valleys of Gila and Salt Piven,

Pinal Feint— An Apache tribe.

Plnte Point — A name applied to many Shoahonean TrUiee, bnt peih^« belootp

properly only to thoae living in aouthweetera Ctah.

Pollns Temple. — The devoted brother of CaabM', in the Greek legeode.

Powell Plateau.— Mai . J- ^- Powell made the fiiet expedition down the Colorado
Eiver ia 1869. Subsequently director of the United States Geological Siirvey and
the Bureau of Ethnology.

QuRtznl Point. — An A:etec word ragnifying a bird of irideecence.

Sa, Tower of.- The Egyptian huh god, typo of eupreme deity, always victorious.

Kana Shrine. — Hindu word for prioc«.

Sagtttarins Bldge.^A zodiuo eonstellHition visible in southern Unit«d Btates iit
BUnuuer. Latin word Hignifjdng "ArUier."

Scorpion Bldge. — One of the constellations of the zodiac.

Scylla Butte.- The promontory at the e&tnmcs of the Edxait between ilaly u)d
Sicily, around which ancient mariners feared to go.

Set, Tower of. —The brother or son of Osiris and bis deadly enemy in Hindu mythok^.

Shaler Plateau.— An American geologist, long-time professor at Harvard Univermty.

Sheba Temple. — TheancientcapitolottheSabaeanain Arabia, whose queen visited
Solomon.

Shinumo Creek. — Name applied by Powell to the Hopi confederacy.

Shiva Temple.— The avenging associate of Brahma and Vishnu in ruling the uni-
verse, now the most popular Hindu god.

Binyella, Mount, — Judge Sinyella, Indian chief, bom 1853, has always resided on
the Havaaupai Indian Reservaticm. living in 1923.

S^emoB Temple.— Solcffiion, 1033-075 B. C, eoa of David and Bathsheba, king of
the Jews.

Spencer Terrace. — Herbert Spencer, 1S20-1903, a distinguished English philosf^er.

Snpal TonaaUm.- The colloquial naote of the Havasupai, a small bibe now occupy-
ing Havasu Canyon.

Thompson Point— A. H. Thompeoo, brother-in-law (A Majiv Pow^l, who accom-
panied him in his famous boat trip down the canyon.

Thor Temple. — Second principal Norse deity, god of thunder, son of Odin the
supreme being, and Jordh, the earth.

Tlyo Polnt.^Indian name. >

Tovar Terrace. — Pedro de Tovar was sent by Corimado in 1540 to inspect the Hopi
villages where he learned of the existence of the Grand Canyon.

Toltec Point.- The Toltecs were either an early tribe of the Aztecs or a people that
jweceded them on the Mexican Plateau.

Tonto Platform.— Spanidt word "tool" applied to Indians of Arizona plateau, espe-
ciidly to the Apache Hidiave.

Topocobya Trail.- A Havasupoi word, "To-po^;o-bah," meaning "where the
water comes down."

Tyndall Borne.— John Tyndall, 1820-1893, a famous British physicist,

Unkar Creak.- A Pai Ute word, meaning "red creek."

TenuB, Temple of.— The Boman goddess ot beauty and love.

QHJLSU CAXTOK NA-TKlSil^ FABK. 31

Testa, Temple o(— The RoiBsa gMUeaa •! A* heutk in whose honw tho Veota!
Tirgiiui kept the Bjrmbolic fire bunung.

TMma Tcaqile am.A Cnek. — In Hindu mTtttology ttw SBBOciBte of Brahma and
!^ini vtei ma the radeNBBr of tlte lUUTMse.

WbUrUa PlrtMii.— Hie p'eat hall of tbe S<:ftadioaTUUt goda, the narriors' he«ven
of the VikJngB.

Wallace Butte. — An Knglish explorer utd DKturalkt and authority nn natural
Befectiott.

Vbeel«rPeiBf. — Ses. G«oi8«H. Wherier, 17iut«d Stat«e Ann;, in charge of surveys
WHt ei one-kuniredth mahdiaD in 1972- 137t.

TaU PMnt — Prc^bly * vwebob <J the name erf the Vaqui^ the uncosqueraUe trib«
of northwestern Mexico.

Tavapal Point— These Indians are conunonly known as the Apache Mohave, for-
meriy roamii^ central Arizoaa.

Tama Mint— Graat ^mily of Indiana of several tribes in lower Colrmido region.
CUtMl tkemasira Karicbaaa.

Zoreastei Temple. — Founder of tho ancient religion now represented by 1^ Guebara
and Farsaes of Feisia and India.

aiuai Point— The Zuni pueblo south of Gallup, N. Mex., is the reninaDt of the
historic Seven Cities ot Cibola.

UST OF BIRD&

The f^Iowing incomi^ete list of birds hae been seen in »nd on the
rim of Grand Canyon :

D bluebird Sialia mej^ieana oceidentalis.

hbAAh Mervia imgralwia propinqim.

Hmmtain chickadee Farut gamMi.

Gray titmouse Baeolophtu inorafu* ?meu«.

Fjgmy nuthatch Sitta pygmaea pygmaea.

^mder-biHed titmouse 8iUa earolin^Hii* aeuhata.

OKtyonwiek CoAtrpet mexioamta eontptnmt.

Water ouaei Cinebu vuxiconu$.

Slack-throated gray warbler Dendr«im nigreteeTis.

Audubon warbler Dendroiea auduboni auduboni.

Northern green swallow Tadh/einela thalaasina lepida.

Black-headed grosbeak Zamelodia melanocepkala.

furred toivbee Pifila maculatui montanKt.

Desert Bpamm Amphiipina friltncafa dMertkola.

Red-backed iunco Juneo jAaeonoitia dorialia.

Western chipping sparrow Spizdla sorfaJis arizonae.

BDgfish spMrrow Faner (fomesttcva.

GtMn-backed gold&idi Attragalirnt* ptaltria kesperopkUvs.

Heuse finch Carpodactu latmtati.'u* Jrontalis.

Pifion jay CyanocephahiM cyanocephaius ,

Woodbouse jay Aphelocuma vioodhouaeii.

Longrcrested jay Q/anodtta tUtUri diademata.

Weatem flycatcher Sntpid<m<m ^fficilia ikffiinlis.

Olive-sided flycatcher Nuibillomi$ horeali».

Broad-tailed hummingbird Selasphoms plaiycercus.

Red-shafted flicker Colaples cafer collaris.

White-breasted woodpecker Dryobatea villonu leucoihorectua.

Turkey vulture Catharteg aura leptentrionalia.

Western mourning dove Zenaidwa macrouT-a TOarginella:

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32 OBAND CAITYON NATIONAL, PARK.

HOW LONG TO STAY.

Time required. — ^While one ought to remain a. week or two, a stop-
over of three or four d&ys from the tranacontinental trip will be quite
satisfactory. The Hermit Loop overnight trip, down one trail and
up another, requires two days and a night, or more time maj be
taken and include Phantom Ranch. One day should be devoted to
an auto ride along the Hermit Rim Road, and by auto to Grand View
and Desert View, Another day go down Bright Angel Trail and back.
A fourth day spent in short walks to nearby points or on horseback,
will enable visitors to get more intimate views.

' The several trips mentioned above are all well worth while, and the
high plateau above the rim affords many delightful horseback or hik-
ing trips. Visitors to the North Rim may well spend as much time
as can be spared.

I The National Park Service of the Department of the Interior
recommends to the traveling public that stopoveis of as long dura-
tion as practicable be planned at points within the park; that Grand
Canyon National Park be regarded not alone as a region which may
be glimpsed on a hurried trip, but also as a vacation playground for

rest and recreation.

WHAT TO WEAR.

If much tramping is done, stout, thick, hobnailed shoes should be
. provided. Ladies will find that short walking skirts are a conven-
ience; riding trousers are preferable, but not essential, for the horse-
back journey down the zigzag trails. Traveling caps and (in summer)
broad-brimmed straw hata are useful adjuncts. Otherwise ordinary
clothing will suffice. Riding trousers, divided skirts, and straw
hats may be rented at El Tovar Hotel.

ADMINISTRATION.

Grand Canyon National Park is under the jurisdiction of the
Director, National Park Service, Department of the Interior, Wash-
ington, D. C. The park superintendent, Mr. W. W. Crosby, is
locat«d at Grand Canyon, Ariz., and information, maps, and pam-
phlets may be obtained at the office, where visitors are cordially
welcomed. The office of the superintendent is 100 yards east of
the Grand Canyon Railway.

The park, El Tovar Hotel, the Bright Angel cottages, and the
cabins at Hermit Creek and Phantom Ranch at the mouth of Bright
Angel Creek are always open.

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GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PABK.

HOW TO REACH THE PARE.

The Grand Cimyoa National Park is directly reached by a branch
line of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway extending 64 miles
northward from Williams, Ariz. On certain trains through standard

MAP OF ARIZONA SHOWING

sleeping cars are operated to and from Grand Canyon station. Pas-
sengers using other trains and stopping over at Williams will find
adequate accommodations at the Fray Marcos, station hotel.

Stop-overs, not to exceed 10 days, are granted at Williams on all
dasses of railroad tickets for a visit to the canyon. Limits of through.

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S4 GR4KD GAXrrOS NATIONAI. PABK.

railroad tickets will b« extended if necessary 1^ ^ent at Grand
Canyon. Through tickets may include side-trip coupons, Williama
to Grand Canyon and return, at an additional charge of $9.12.

Round-trip excursion ticiets at reduced fares are oa sale daily at
IRVctically all statiooe m ^e Ihiited States and C^ada to Qnmd
Cftttyon fts a ^estinatJOB.

Baggage uay be c h ec k e d tbi<e^) to Grasd CmyoB fltatien, if
rec[Bired. Passengers making brief side trips to Grand Canyon may
cheek baggage to Williams only or through to destination. Certain
regnlations for free storage of baggage for Grand Canyon passengers
ane in effect.

For further information regarding railroad fares, service, eic, ^ply
to milroad ticket agents, or addreea:

W. J. Black, passenger traffic manager, Atchison, Topeka

& Santa Fe Railway system, C&ici^o, 111.
J. J. Byrne, assistant passenger traffic managra*, Atchison,
Topeka & Santa Fe Eailway systcoB, Los Angeles, Calif.

BY AUTOMOBn^.

Automobile t(»iriets may leave the main east and west highway
through Arizona at Maine.

Flagstcrff. — It is about 84 miles from Grand Canyon to Flagstaff,
via Wilhams Road ranger station, south entrance. Rain Tank, Red
Bntle Mortz Lake, and Maine, Ariz., over a main travded road, on
which a good ran is possible most of the year. At times in late fall
or early spring it is advisable to iaqure at Williams or Flagstaff as
to condition of the road. The roimd trip requires about two days.

This is a very enjoyable drive through pine forests and across
green mesaa partly along the old-time stage route t» the canyon.
The town of Flagstaff is located in the heart of the Saa Francisco
uplift. There are good stores and garage facilities in Flagstaff. In
tfads vianity are prehistoric cliff dwellings, extinct craters, volcanic
cones, lava beds, and ice caves. The summit of Hamphreys Peak,
one of the peaks forming the San Francisco Mountains, is 12,750 feet
above aea level.

WtSiams. — Wiitiaras is 34 miles west of Fl^staff and 15 miles
west of Maine, on the main east and west highway through Arizona.
It is the nearest shopping center and its stores and garages carry a
good stock of everything necessary to the automobile tourist.

The route from Williams passes Bill Wilhams Mountain, elevation
9,264 feet, which has seven distinct crests, Red Lake, Howard Lake,
and Anita, rtmning along the line of the Grand Canyon Railway.
No supplies can be purchased between WilKams or Maine and Grand
Canyon.

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GBAND CAITXON VAIIONAL PARE. SS

ACTOMOBILB SUmAW.

At Grand Canyon village is an excellent garage under the manage-
ment of Fred Harvey. Storage, or repur service, as well as gasoline
aod (ol, may be prociued here.

The BabbittrPolson Co.'s general store at Grand Canyon carries a
fttll bn* of groeerieft wid campers' supplies.

A si^^y oi water for drinking purposes and for radiation, Buffi-
cMOt to last to Grand Caayoo, should be brought from Williams «r
FUgst^. Csmpora may obtain water from the railroad station agent
at Grand Canyon.

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36 GRAND CANTOlir NATIONAL PARK.

PUBLIC UnUTIES AND CONVENIENCES.

POST OFFICE.

The post office (third class), which does all kinds of postal h
is situated near the Hermit Kim Road about ^00 jtada west of the
Railroad depot. It is open from S a. m. to 6 p. m. Mail trains
arrive at S.20 a, m. and 3.55 p. m. and leave at 8.20 a. m. and
7.25 p. m.

TELEGRAPH.

The Western Union offices at the railroad depot and El Tovar
Hotel are open for all business from 7.30 a. m. to 8 p. m.

TELEPHONE.

There is telephone connection between El Tovar Hotel, National
Park Service Office, ranger stations, Hermit Cabins, and Phantom
Ranch. There is no telephone connection to points outside of the
park at present, hut it is expected that a long-distimce service will be
installed early in 1923.

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE STATIONS.

There are ranger stations or camps where assistance and shelter
may in emergency be obtained at places here nam^. These may
be unoccupied, and it is well to inquire at the office of the supw-
intendent :

' Hermit Basin, Cottonwood Camp, up Bright Angel Creek on nortii
side of Colorado River; Pipe Creek, on Tonto Trail 2 miles east of
Indian Garden; Salt Creek, on Tonto Trail 5 miles west of Indiui
Garden; Grand View Public Camp; Eowe Well; North Rim; and
Grand Canyon.

MEDICAL SERVICE.

There is a doctor of long experience in the park and a trained nurse
at El Tovar Hotel. The nearest hospital is at Williams, .Ariz. There
is a hospital at Flagstaff, Ariz.

PETRIFIED FOREST NATIONAL MONUMENT.

Tourists visiting Grand Canyon National Park either by rail or by
automobile should plan a stopover at the Petrified Forest National
Monument.

There are three groups of petrified trees in this reservaticHi. Hie
first forest lies 6 miles south of Adamana, Ariz., a station on iba
main line of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway, and tbe

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GRAND CANTON NATIONAL PABK. 37

second forest is 2} miles south of it. The third or Rainbow forest
lies 13 miles south of Adamana and 18 miles southeast of Holhrook,
Ariz. It is best to approach the third forest from Holbrook; the
other two are best reached from Adamana.

This area is of great interest because of the abundance of petrified
coniferous trees which lie scattered about in great profusion. Noiie
are standing as in the Yellowstone National Park. Those trees
probably at one time grew beside an inland sea; after falling they
became water-logged and during the decomposition the cell struc-
ture was entirely replaced by silica derived from sandstone in ih»
surrounding land. Over a greater part of the entire area trees are
scattered in all conceivable positions and in fragments of all sizes.

In the first forest may be seen the well-known natural bridge,
consisting of a large petrified tree trunk 60 feet long spanning a can-.
yon 45 feet wide, and forming a foot bridge over which anyone may
easily pass. The trunks in the Rainbow forest are lai^er than else-
where, more numerous and less broken. Several hundred entire
trees are found here, some of which are more than 200 feet long.
The color of the wood is deeper and more striking than in the other
locahties.

'There is no other petrified forest," says Prof. Lester F. Ward,
'■ in which the wood assumes so many varied and interesting forms
and colors, and it is these that present the chief attraction for the
general public. The state of mineralization in which much of this
Wood exists almost places them among the gems or precious stones.
Not only are chalcedony, opals, and agates found among them, but
many approach the condition of jasper and onyx. The degree of
hardness attained by them is s'jch that they are said to make an
excellent quality of emery."

ADMINISTBATION.

Petrified Forest National Monument is under the jurisdiction of
the Director, National Park Service, Department of the Interior,
Washington, D. C. The custodian is located in the monument. A

COSTS OF TKIPS AND HOTEL ACCOMMODATIONS.

Adamana is a small place, consisting chiefly of hotel, post office,
railway station, and a small store (does not handle films or other
camera supplies). The Forest Hotel has electric lights, sanitary
plumbing, with hot and cold water. Rates: $5 to $5.50 per day,
American plan; meals $1 each; 35 guests can be accommodated; in
summer, tent houses also are provided for guests.

From Adamana the following auto trips are made: (1) To the
First and Second Forests and the Natural Bridge; (2) to the Third

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38 GUJSB CAX¥DM NAmtHTAI. PASK.

Voresi, <8) to Chs Blue Forest; (4) to t^ Painted I>e3er( Aod the
liaoitfa Sigdluia F-cvost.

The round-trip fare on oit^ta- of Htb aiwre tcipe is: $5 for one
pnsoo, $3 per oapita for toro peiwHis, «aci t2.50 per capita far ^hrae
«r more. About oae-faalf day is Allotted to each triy, althoKgh tliree
trqn ctai be nude m a day. For « OQe-daj stop-oyer the trips
Hmbescd 1 aswi 4 are perii^w best saited to give tiia widest vBiiety
in s^l>4eeiiig at this place.

' H^brook, tbe eooiity seat of Navajo Oouatj, has sati^actoiy
botel «ic«oiiunadatioDB, with jaices about the same as at Adamama.
Tbe Petrified Fon^ maj be visited from Adamana any day in
tha jear, except when lugli waters make the streams temporaiily
intpaasaUe.

STOP-OVSS ABBANGEMENTS.

Stop-overs are aHowed at Adamana, not to exoeed 10 days, oa aH
ooe-vaj railroad tickets, also oa roand-trip railiiMui tickets witiiia
tbdr limits.

To obtain stop-^yvers on one-way railroad Octets, notify train
conductor and deposit tickets with agent immediately after MTiTid;
•n round-trip (ackets notify train condactors.

RUU£ AND REGULATIONS.

iAvpro^t^ FfitmBtf N 1«2, to

GENIX&L Bf£ra.AnONti.

The following rules and regulations for the government of the
Grand Canyon National Park are hereby established and made public
pursuant to authority conferred by the act of Congress approved
August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. ^5^), as amended June 2, 1920 (41 Stat.
732), and the act of February 26, 1919 (40 Stat. 1175) :

1. Preservation of natural features and curiosities. — ^The destruc-
tion, injury, defacement, or disturbance in any way of the public
buildings, signs, equipment, or other property, or the trees, flowers,
vegetation, rocks, nunerd, aimmd, w bird, or o^erltfeas prohibited:
Provided, That flowers may be gathered in small quantities when,
in the judgment of the superintendent, their removal will not impair
£he beauty of the park.

2. Campiry. — No camp shall be made along roads except at design
sated localities. Blankets, clothing, hammocks, or any other article
likely to frighten teams shall not be hung near the road.

Many successire parties camp on the same sites during the season;
therefore can^) grounds shall be thoroughly cleaned before they are
abandoned. Tin cans, bottles, cast-off clothing, and all other d^ris
eh^ be placed in garbage cans or pits provided for the purpose.

WIm& ca«^ BTO toade in unfrequented locidities vhrae pits or eaiM
WHcy ost be ^isTidsd, all refuse ^uU be bonutd ■or kiddnt vbent it
wdl not he ^j^eaaiwe to the e^e.
CuHpeiB ntay nse dead or fsHsn tanber «tly for faeL

3. Firm. — f^ns oanstrtute ^me of tbe grektest perils to the pu^;
they shall not be kindled near trees, deadwood, raaaa, dry leaves,
Eaoest m^d., w: oi&er vegetable ntfoBe, but in some optm spnca on
nwis or asrt^ Sfamild camp be made in a locality wbere no raich
^an Bpm» exists or is provided, tbe deadwood, moas, dry leaves,
stc^ daj£[ be strapped away to the roek or earth over an area consid-
ecaUy larger than tbat reqsired ftH* ihe fire.

Firea a^U be l^htod only when neoeesary and when no l«tger
needed shall be completely extiBgofsbed, and *U embere and beds
^t^iiaeod witii asrtb or watffl*, so tliat theve remains no pos»biUty
of reignitiea.

£*«:U care skill be takM diat ■« iighted antdi. dear, *r dfueMe fa drained
M«iy yiM, ftriga, leWM. *t iree tiwtd.

4. SvMing. — The paik ia a, sanctuary for wild life of every sort,
and hunting, killing , wounding, capturing, or frightening any bird or
wiimal in the park, except dangerous animals when it is necessary to
preFont them irsm destroying life or inflicting injury, is prohibited.

The outfits, including guns, traps, teams, horses, or means of trans-
portatioa used by peraons engaged in imnting, killing, trapping, en-
snaring, or capturing birds or wild animals, or in possession of game
killed on the park lands under circumstances other than preacribed
^>OTe, .^ali be taken up by the superintendent and held subject to
the order oS the JJirector of the National Park Service, except in cases
where it is shown by satisfactory evidence that Hie outfit is not the
pnoperty of the person or persons violating this regulation and the
actual owner was not a party te such violation. Firearms are pro-
hibited in thepark except on written permission of the superintendent.
Visitors entering or traveling through the park to places beyond shall
at entrance report and surrender all firearms, traps, nete, seines, or
explosives in their possession to the first park officer and injiroper
cases may obtain his written leave to carry them throi^h the park
sealed. The Government assumes no responsibilities for loss or dam-
iffi to any firearms, tr^s, nets, seines, or other iHwperty so suiren-
dened to amy park officer, nor are park officers authorized to accept
the responsibility ef -custody of any property for the conveoieace of
risitors.

5. Fishw^ — Filling with nets, seines, traps, or by the use of
drugs or explosives, or in any other way than witJi hook and line, or
fct merchandise or profit, is prohibited. Fishing in particular water
may be suspended, or the number of fish that may be taken by one
person in ajxy one day from the various streams or lakes may be regu-

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40 GRAND CANYON NATIOKAI. FABK.

lated by the superintendent. All fish hooked less than 6 inches long
shall be carefully handled with moist hands and returned at onco
to the water if not seriously injured. Fish retained shall be killed.
Twenty fish shall constitute the limit for a day's catch, provided that
no more than 20 pounds of trout, bass, crappie, or catfitsh may be
taken in any one day.

6. Private operaHana. — No person, firm, or corporation shall re^de
permanently, engage in any business, or erect buildings in the park
without permission in writing from the Director of the National Part
Service, Washington, D. C. Applications for such permission may
be addressed to the Director or to the superintendent of the park.
Permission to operate a moving-picture camera must be secured
from the superintendent of the park.

7. Gambling. — Gambling in any form, or the operation of gamblii^;
devices, whether for merchandise or otherwise, is prohibited.

- 8. Advertiaem£vis. — PVivate notices or advertisements shall not be
posted or displayed on Government lands within the park, excepting
such as the superintendent deems necessary for the convenience and
guidance of the public.

9. Mining. — The location of mining claims, on Government lands
in the park is permitted only with the prior approval of the Secretary
of the Interior.

10. Patented lands. — Owners of patented lands within the park
limits are entitled to the full use and enjoyment thereof; the bounda^
lies of such lands, however, shall be determined and marked and
defined so that they may be readily distinguished from the park
lands. While no limitations or conditions are imposed upon the
use of private lands so long as such use does not interfere with or
injure the park, private owners shall provide against trespass by
their live stock upon the park lands, and all trespasses committed
will be punished to the full extent of the law. Stock may be taken
over the park lands to patented private lands with the written per-
mission and under the supervision of the superintendent, but such
permission and supervision are not required when access to such
private lands is had wholly over roads or lands not owned or con-
trolled by the United States.

11. Grazing. — The running at large, herding, or grazing of hve
stock of any kind on the Government lands in the park, as well as
the driving of live stock over same, is prohibited, except where
authority therefor has been granted by the superintendent. live
stock found improperly on the park lands may be impounded and
held until claimed by the owner and the trespass adjusted.

12. Aiithorized operators. — All persons, fim^, or corporations hold-
ing franchises in the park shall keep the grounds used by them
properly policed and shall maintain the premises in a sanitary con-

GRAND CANTON NAnOHAL PARK. 41-

dition to the satisfaction of the superintendent. No operator shall
retain in his employment a person whose presence in the park may
be deemed by the superintendent subversive of good order and
management of the park.

13. Dogs and cats. — Cats are not permitted on the Government
lands in the park and dogs only to those persons passing through the
park to the territory beyond, in which instances they shall be kept
tied while crossii^ the park.

14. Dead animals. — ^All domestic and grazed animals that may die
in the park at any tourist camp or along any of the public thorough-
fares shall be buried immediately by the owner or person having
charge of such animals at least 2 feet beneath the ground, and in no
case less than one-fourth mile from any camp or thoroughfare.

15. Travd on trails. — Pedestrians on trails, when saddle or pack
animals are passing them, shall remain quiet until the animals have

Persons traveling on the trails of the park either on foot or on
saddle animals shfdl not make short cuts but shall confine them-
selves to the main trails.

16. Travel — general. — (a) Saddle horses, pack trains, and horse-,
drawn vehicles have right of way over motor-propelled vehicles at
all times.

(6) On sldehill grades throughout the park motor-driven vehicles
shall take the outer side of the road when meeting or passing vehicles
of any kind drawn by animals; likewise, freight, baggage, and heavy,
camping outfits shall take the outer side of the road on sidehill grades
when meeting or passing passenger vehicles drawn by animals.

(c) Load and vehicle weight limitations shall be those prescribed
from time to time by the Director of the National Park Service and
shall be complied with by the operators of all vehicles using the park
roads. Schedules showing weight limitations for different roads
in tlie park may be seen at the office of the superintendent and at
the ranger stations at the jMtrk entrances. '

(d) All vehicles shall be equipped with %ht3 for night travel. At
least one %ht shall be carried on the left front side of horse-drawn
vehicles, in a position such as to be visible from both front and rear.

17. MisceUaneous. — (a) Campers and others shall not wa^
clothing or cooking utensils in the waters of the park, or in any
way pollute them, or bathe in any of the streams near the regularly
trav^ed thoroughfares in the park without suitable bathing clothes.

43 OMAMT> CUTYOW NaTlOMAL PAUL

Q) Stock shall not be tied ao is be pwmit thor efitwing &ny oi
Use streams of the park. All aniaaala shall be kept a safficist:^ dia-
teaee frona camping gnHmds ia order not to litter the gronud ead
make unfit for use the area which may be used Ixtear as tent sitas.

(e) Gampers and all others, save those holding Uoenses from the
Director d the National Park Swrioe, »ie prohifaated from hiring
ihteaT horses, trappings, or vehicles to toorists or visibors in t^ paric

id) All complainte by touhsia and others as to service, etc., ren-
dered in the park shotUd be made to the sup^inteml^t in writing
Wore the complainant leaves the pa^. Oral con^ainta will be
heard daily during office hours.

18. Fines and penaUisa. — Fersens who resder themselves obnoK-
ioua by disorderly conduct or bad behavior shall be sabjeoted to Hib
pmishment hereini^ter preeenbed for violation of the for^cwig
r^ulations and may be summarily removed from the park by the
ffliperintendent and not allo^rod to retvm without permission in
writing from the Director of the National Park Service or the supw-
intendeut of the park.

Any person who violates any of the fm^oii^ regulatitms shall be
deemed guilty of a misdeQiean<H' and shall be subject to a £ne of not
more than $500 or imprisonment not exceeding six months, or both,
and be adjudged to pay all oosts of the proceedings.

AUTOMOBILE AND MOTOKCTCLE REGOLATIONS.

Pursoa&t to authority confwred by the act of C<»^ress approved
August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535), as uneraded June 2, 1920 (41 Stat.
732), and the act of February 26, 1919 (40 Stat. 1175), the follow-
ing regidatJons covering the admission oi uitomobiles uid motor-
(^elee into the Cirand CanytHi NalJonal Pack are h«eby established
and made public:

1. ErUrancte and roads. — Autonutbilea and iaotorcy<^ may eater
and leave the park by, and travd ov&t, any of the roads thermn
which are opui to motor vehiolas.

Careful driving is deananded of aH. puBons using the roads. The
GovM^nment is in no way reep<Htsil^e for any kind of aecidffflit.

2. Motarcifdes. — Motorcycles tu'e admitted to the paxk onder iit»
same cooditions aa auttMUolnles and are subject to the same reg«l»-
tions as far as they are ap^caUe. Automobiles tutd luHse-drawn
vehiclee shall have the right of way over motoroyolee.

3. Motor tritcke. — Motor trucks may Miter the park subjeot to ^e
wei^t limitations prescribed by the Director of the Naticmal Park
Service. Schedules lowing prescribed wei^t limitations for motor
trucks may be ae&a at the <^ce <rf tiie Bupedntendent and at the
ranger steti<ms at the park entronees.

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OBAITO CAITTOH' IT&IfilKAL FABK.

4. E0W8. — Automobtlee skaM Bot enter or leave tit» ^rk or use
ti» park roads l)ef«»« &.30 a. m. w aftcf 10.30 p. m. except m case of

5. /»i<mcafio«t. — No pwaon. who is under the influeoce of into?d-
Cftting hquor, asd no person who is addicted to the U8« id narcotio
druge, shfdl opwate or drive a motor v^iicle of any kind oa the park
roads.

6- Distance apart; gears and braJces. — ^AutoiHobiles while in OMtion
shaU be not less than £0 yu*dfi apart, eiosept for purpose of passiog,
which is prasoissih^ only 00 oomparatiTely lerel Btfetches of roads
or on shght grades. All imtoioobiles, except while shifting gears,
^lall r^ain their gears coostantly enmeshed. The driver of each
automobile may be inquired to satiEJy park officers that all parts of
his machine, particularly the brakes and tires, are in fiist-class work-
ing order and capable of making the trip, and that th«'e is sufficient
gasoline in the tuik to reach the next place whwe it may be obtained.
The automobile shall cairy at least one extra tire. Motorcycles not
equipped inth Wakes in good working order are not permitted to
enter the park.

7. Speeds. — Speed is limited to 12 miles per hour on grades and
when roun<hng ^larp curres. Ou strught open sketches when no
vehicle is nearer Uian 200 yards the speed may be increased to 20
lailes per hour.

8. Horns. — The horn shall be sounded on approaching curves or
stretches of road concealed for any considerable distance by slopes,
overhanging trees, or other obstacles, and before meeting or passing
other automobiles, motorcycles, riding or driving animals, or pedes-
trians.

9. Lights. — ^All automobiles shall be equipped with head and tail
lights, the headlights to be of sufficient brilliancy to insure safety in
driving at night, and all lights shall be kept hghted after sunset
when automobile is on the road. Headlights ^all be dimmed vrhea
meeting other aatomabiles, motorcycles, riding or driving wiimals,
or pedestrians.

10. Muffler eut-oyts. — ^Muffler cut-outs shall be closed while
approaching or passing riding hoises, horse-drawn vehicles, hotels,
camps, or checking stations.

11. Teams. — When teams, saddle horses, or pack trains approach,
iMtoax^iles sludl take the outer edge of the roadway regu^ess of
the direction in which it may be going, taking care that sufficient
room is left on the inside for the passage of vriiicles and animals.
Teams have the ri^t of way, and automobiles shall be backed or
otherwise bandied as may be necessary so as to ent&k teams to pass
with safety. In no case shall automobiles pass animab on the road
at a speed greater than S miles an hour.

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44 GRAND CANTOIT NATIONAL PABK.

12. Overtaking vehklea. — Any vehide trareling slowly upon any of
the park roads shall, when overtaken by a faster-moving motor vehicle
and upon suitable signal from such overtaking vehicle, give way to the
right, in case of motor-driven vehicles, and to the inside, or bank side
of the road, in case of horse-drawn vehicles, allowing the overtaking
vehicle reasonably free passage, provided the overtaking vehicle does
not exceed the speed limits specified for the road in question.

13. Accidents, stop-overs. — If, because of accident or stop for any
reason, automobiles are unable to keep going, they shall be imme-
diately parked off the road or, where this is impossible, on the outer
edge of the road.

14. Fines and penalties. — Any person ^o violates any of the fore-
going regulations shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall
be subject to a fine of not more than $500, or imprisonment not
exceeding 6 months, or both, and be adjudged to pay all costs of
the proceedings, and such violation shall subject the offender to
immediate ejectment from the park. Persons ejected from the
park will not be permitted to return without prior sanction in writing
from the Director of the National Park Service or the superintendent
of the park.

MAPS.

The following maps* may be obtained from the Director of the
United States Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. Kemittances
should be made by money order or in cash.

Shinumo, 23) by 25 inches, scale about I mile to Ij inckee, contour interval 50 ieet. '
Bkiqbt Anobl, 2G by 20^ inchoe, Bcale about 1 mile t« ]) inches, contour intervfti
50 feet. An account of the geologic history of the Grand Canyon and a description
of the rockB, by L, F. Noble, is printed on the reverse aiie of the map.
ViSHMU, 28 by 21 iachee, scale about 1 mile to 1! inches, contour interval 60 feet.

>re printed [n black, tlie streams in btoe, and tiM

UTERATURE.

GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS.

Government pubUcations on Grand Canyon National Park may b«
obtained as indicated below. Separate communications should be
addressed to the officers mentioned.

it the office of the 5uperl«teQdent o( the park, but that

idb,Googk'

|»AND CANTOIT NATIONAL FABK. 45

FBB BY THE NAIIOfUL PAKE SEKnCE.

The following publications may be obtained free on written appli-
cation to the Director of the National Park Service, or by personal
application to the office of the superintendent of the park.
Map of Nfttional Parks and National Monnmeitte.

,lB ■dmlnistared by the NsUoual Puk Sarvlct^
SOLD BT THB SCP^INTENDENT OF DOCUMBNTS.

The following publications may be obtained from the Superintend-
ent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C,
at the prices indicated. Postage prepaid. Remittances should be
made by money order or in cash.
GlimpBes of our National Parke. 72 pages, including 31 illusmtiona, 10 cents.*

Conlaliu discdptlan ot the nuel Important features of Uw principal national parka.
The NaUonal Parka PorlfoUow BrBobertSterUntf Yard. TUrd Mlllkm. 24Spage«.
inctadini 3M Ulnatrations. Bound aecnretr In cMh. |t.*

a national park, and one a larger chapter devoted to other

Guidebook o! the Western United States, Part C, the Santa Fe Route, with a side
trip to the Grand Canyon of the Colorado, by N. H. Darton and others. (Bulletin
613, U. 8. Geolc^cal Survey.) 1915. 194 pages, 25 route maps, 42 plates, 40 text
figures. 50 cents.'

Tbis guide deKrlbea the country along tbeAtchlsoD,Topeka & Santa Fe tUUway tioin Kansas City
to L«s Angeles. Although the description ot the rocks aud their relatlcma and tbo goenlc fesCiuw [cHmi
s large proportion of the matter, nettil; every page gives lafannatlon as to notable historic events, Indus*
trial rMOQTces, plants, and anhnals. The story o[ the Indians, past and proent, sspedaQy the charao*
lerlsUc PoeblD liibes, is told la come detail. Many ol the facts regarding the rocks are hue pteaented
for the first time. The book contains numerous vievs oF prominent scenic features and pictures ol
restoratloD of some ot the very remarkahlo ■"'""'■ whose bonea are found In the olayn.

Exploration of the Colorado Biver of the West and its Tributaries, by John Wesley

Powell. Explored in 1869, 1870, 1871, and 1872. Pp. 291. Under the direction

of the Secretary of the 'Smithsonian Institution. Illustrated. Government Print-

ingOffice, Washington, 1875. (Outof print.)
Pre-Cambrian Igneous Rocks of the Unkar Terrane, Grand Canyon of the Colorado,

Ariz., by C. D. Walcott. U. S. Geol. Surv. Hth Ann. Kept, pt. 2, pp. 497-524,

pis. 60-65. 1894. $2.10.
The Grand Canyon. Senate Doc., No. 42, 65th Congress, 1st eesaon, by Thomas

Fulton DawBon, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C, 1B17. 67 pp.

Price 10 cents.

An arttide.gtvtni credit ot Qrst iraveising the Grand Canyon to James White, a Colorado gdd proa-
Tertiary History of the Grand Canyon District, by Clarence E. Dutton. U. S. Geol,

Surv. Uon., 2,2G4 pp., ill. and atlas, 1882. (10.
The Shinumo quadrangle, Grand Canyon district, Ariz., by L. F. Noble. U. S. Geol.

Surv. BuU. 549, 1914. 100 pages including 30 illustrations and a colored geologic

map. Pnco 20 cents.

• Hay be purchased also by personal application at otnee ot the superintendent of the park, but that

40 OBAITD CUTKOW If AT102TAL FAKC.

ANcoiiiiaisaacet>(lbe Ai<diwnooMylMal1heanBUa(itDrB», QnmiC&nyon, Aiis.,
by L. F. Noble and J. Fred. Hunter. U. S. Geol. Surv. Plot. Paper 88-1, 1916.
SO pagee, 3 illustrations.

D«acilbe9 the rocka that form the vails ol the anuill« Oofge in fha bottom of the Canyoa.

A section of the Paleozoic fonnations of tbe Grand Canyon at the Base trail, by L. F.
Noble. U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 131-B, 1822. 60 pagM, U illoMMCiona.

BIBUOGRAPHT.

Bell, William A. "New Tracka in North America" {a ]ounial of Uvwl and adventure

whilst engaged in the survey for a southern niltrwd to the Padflc Ocean during

Iser-flB, pp. 865). Swiboer, WrifcriAOo-.NewYork, 1870.
Berton, Fi^eis, Membre Correepondent de 1« Socaeti de G«^n[Ai« de C>«i^«.

*' Un Voyage but le Colorado," San Francisco, 1878, pp. 64. Casa Grande, Tuma-

cacori. Grand Canyon.
Bicknell, P. C. "Guidebook of the Grand Cayon cf AriEcma." A v<dnrae vt lotev-

cnting facts Bad gotrip. Pp. B7. CtqiytigfatlDr G«oi^ U. Ymmg, IttC.
Bowles, Samuel. "Our New West," tqi. Sii; Oraitd Canroo, pp. S0(NS03; BartbrA

Publiehinc Co., Hartford, Conn., 1369.
Conklin, Enoch. " Pictureeque Arizona," Pp. 380, Grand Canytw, diap. 322-336.

The Mining B«cord Printing EBtablishment, No. 61 Broadway, New York City, 1878.
Coues, Elliott. "On the Trail of a gpaoiah Pioneer." Translation of ^e Diary and

Itinerary of Francisco Oarcea. 2 vols., F. P. Harper, New York.
Darton, N. H. "Story of the Grand Canyon of Arizona." Pp. 81. Published by

Fred Harvey, 1917. (A popular illustrated account of its rocks and origin.)
Davis, W. M, "An Excursion to the Grand Canj-on of liie Colorado." Pp. 107-196.

Harvard Univ. Uus. CiMnp. Zool. Bull. 3a, geol. ser., voL 5, No. i, 1901.
■■'■ " "Tie LesMuecrf the Colorado Cany<»." Pp.346-3&4. American Geographi-
cal Soc. Bull. 6, vol. 41, 1909.

The flrst papttta s MdiBliMl, tlu aetnod > popiUar annunt of Um srwlanai klBtory of tbe Gimid Caiiy<Hi

D^enbaugli, Frederick S, "A Canytm Voyage." Pp. 277. G. P. Putnam's Sons,
New Yi»k. Fully illuetrated. (The narrative of the eecond Powell expedition
down the Green-Colorado River from Wyoming and Uie exploratjeus on land in the
years 1871 and 1872.) Price, $3.50.

"leaking the Wildemess," Pp. 360. G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York,

1905. Fully illustrated. Grand Canyon chapter, pp. 318-327. Price, $3.50.

"The Bomance of the Colorado Eiv«." Pp. 401. G. P. Putnam's Sona,

New York. Fully illustntted. (A complete account of the discovery and of the
explorations from 1540 to the present time, with particular reference to the two
voyages of Powell through the line of the great canyons.) Price, $3.50.

Holmes, Burton, Travelogues. Vol. 6, The Yellowstone National Park, Hie Grand
Canyon of the Arizona, Moki Land. 336 pagee, ill., 1008.

Hough , Emerson. ' ' The President's Forest, ' ' Saturday Evening Poet, Janmiry 14, 21,
1922.

JbHwe, George Wharton. "A liHJe Journey tft Strange Places and Peoples." For
Home and School Intermediate and Upper Grades. Pp. 269, Grand Canyon OiKp-
ter; On to Williams, pp. 238-260. Illustrated. A. Flanagan Co., Chicago, 1911.

"AriBonatheWonderlaud." Pp.478. The Grand Canyon, pp. »-iOS. The

Pe^ CtHQpany, BosUm, 1917.

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GRfOSn CUUrZ0I7 NXTIOirAL TASK. 47

Jitti^s,GetKgefWiaxtm. "Iii«iidAn>iaidtheC^widCaiiroB." The Gmid G^yod
of the Colorado River in Arizona; Uttia, Bfown A Go^, Bosfam, 1900. 341 pp.,

illustrated.

"Our American W<»derl«ndB," IllHatntted. Pp. 290. Conbuning Tha

Gmnd Caafon of Arizona, pp. l-IO;. Ihe Canyon (d Cataracts and the Havaai^Mi
Indiana, pp. 158-166. A. G. McClui^ & Co., GMqtgo, 1915.

'"Hm Qiand Canyon of Aiisona— How to Sae It." Pp. 265, illustrated.

Litd«, Brawn A Go., Boeton, 1910.
Jeffers, Le Eoy. "The Call of the Mountains." 282 pp., illiiatrated. Dodd, Mead

& Co. 19£2. Gcand Canyon Fu^ on pp. 193-225.
Eolb, £.L. "Throu^ tie Grand GanyonfromWyoiaiiig to Mexico," with aforewMd

byOwenWister; with 48 plates from photogrspbua by tie author and hia brother.

The Macmillac Co., New York, 1914. 344 pp., illuatrated, maps. Price, $4.60.
lAut, A^«eC. "Through Oar Unknown Southwest." Pp.271. Grand' Canyon and

lie Petrified Foreet, pp. 137-152. lUuetrated. McBride, Naet & Co., New York,

1913.
Lull, R, S. " FoBBil Footprints from the Grand Canyon of tie Colorado. " Pp. 337-346.

Am. Jour. 3d., voL 45, Maji, 1918.

Dcsralbcs lossil tracks IbuDd in tha Caondne MOdstoae on Hgnnit trail.
LnmmiB.e. F. "A Tramp Across lie Continent." Pp.270. Grand Canyon Chapter,

The Verge of the Desert, pp. 244-254. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1892.

"Some Strange Corners of Onr Country" (The Wonderland of the Sbudi-

w«t). Pp.- 270. Grand Canyon Chapter, The Grandest Gorge in tie World,
pp. 1-19. Illastrated. The Century Co., New York, 1892.

Mitchell, Daniel Hnlmes, "God's Country." The Grand Canyon Chapter, pp.
216-222. IliuHtrated. The Elbert Ricbardaon Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, 1910.

Muir, John, "The Grand Canyon of the Colorado." Pp. 347-582. Steep Traila,
edited by Wm. Frederick Bad€. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston and New Yorit,
191S. Illustrated.

Hunk, J. A., M. D. "Arizona Sketches." Chapter entitled Canyon Echoes, pp.
130-150. BluBttated. The Grafton Preas, New York, 1905. Illus., pp. 230. Price
(2, net.

Pteixotto, Ernest. "Our Hispanic Southwert." Pp. 245. Illustrationa by lie
author. ITie Grand Canyon, an Impression, pp. 129-135. Charles Scribner's
Sons, New York, 1916.

Pepin, S. D"., geolc^W. Origin of Grand Canyon, including Discovery and Brief
History, Copyright 1916. Pp. 30. J, A. Allea Co., printers, Loe Angelea.

Popham, William Lee. "Grand Canyon of Arizona Romance." Description beii^
from author's obaervation. The World Supply Co., Louisville, Ky., 1913. 94
pp. PHce, *1.

Powell, John Wesley. "Canyons of the Colorado." With many illustrations. Pp.
396. Flood & Vincent, Meadviile, Pa. The Chauteuqua-Oentury Press, 1895.

~ "Pnst through the Grand Canyon" (being the record. of the pioneer explora-
tion of the Cdotado River in 1869-70, edited by Horace Kephart, New York). Out-
ing Publishing Co. I9I5, 320 pp. Price, $1. (Outing Adventure Library No. 4.)

Pradden, Mitchell. "OntheGteatAmericanPlateau." Pp.237 (Wanderings Among'
Canyons and Buttes in the Land of the Cliff-dweller and the Indian of to-day).
Illustrated' with photographs and with original drawings by Edward Learning.
C. P. Putnam's Bona, New York and London, 1906. Grand Canyon Cbaptora,
"Under the Spell of the Grand Canyon," pp. 36-71; "A Little Story of World-
Making," pp. 72-88.

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48 GBAND CANYON NATIONAL PABK.

BaoBome, F. L. "Pre-Cambrian Sediments and taults in the Gnud Canyon." Pp.

667-669. Sdence, new ser., vol. 34, No. 864, 1911.
DewilbM tlw Bright Aogd bult.
Robinson, Will H. "The Story ot Arizona." Pp. 468. GTand Canyon chapter,

"Scenic Arizona," pp, 367-378. The Berrj-hill Co., Phoenix, Aria., 1919.
noosevelt, Theodore. "A Booklover'o Holiday in tho Open,"
" Santa Fe Railway Syatem. "The Grand Canyon of Arizona," 1902-1909 (beii^ a

.bookofworda from many pens about the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River in Ari-

Eona), pp. 150-161. Robert M. McDride 4 Co., New York,
Saundere, Aarles Francie. "Finding the Worth While in the Southwert." Pp. 231.

Grand Canyon chapter, The Grand Canyon of the Colorado River in Arizona, pp.

150-161. Robert M. McBride & Co., New York City, 1918.
Schuchert, Charles. "On the Carboniferous of the Grand Canyon of Aiizana" and

"The Cambrian of the Grand Canyon of Arizona." Pp. 347-369. Am. Jour. 8ic.,

4th ser., vol. 45, May, 1918.
Tbeae two papers 0ve an account of Uie ralgln o( the Fsleoudc strata and the [(sails that the strata

Smith, W. W. "The Grand Canyon of Arizona and the River That Made It, the

Colorado." Copyrighted 1913 by W. W. Smith, pp. 32.
Steele, David M. "Going Abroad Overland." Pp. 197, 16 plates, 2 maps. Futnams,

New York, 1917.
van Dyke, Henry, " The Grand Canyon and other Poems," 78pp. Charles Scrib-

ner'a Sons. 1914, Price, 81.35.
Warner, Charles Dudley. "Our Italy." Two chapters on Grand Canyon, The Heart

of the Desert, pp. 177-188; On the Brink of the Grand Canyon— The Unique Marvel

of Nature, pp. 189-200. Harper & Bros., New York, 1891.
Whiting, Lillian.. "The Land of Enchantment," with illuatrationa from photograpbe.

Pp. 347. Little, Brown & Co., 1906. Dedicated to the unfading memory of Maj.

John Wesley Powell, the great explorer. (Grand Canyon chapter, The Carnival of

the Gods, pp. 311-338.)
Woods, G, K, "Pereonal Impressions of the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River."

As seen through nearly two thousand eyes, and written in the private viaitors

book of the world-famous guide, Capt, John Hance, guide, story-teller, and path-
finder. Collected and compiled by G, K. Woods. IllustratiooB. Pp. 152. The

Whitakor & Ray Co., San Francisco, 1899.
Yard, R. S. "The Book of the National Parks," with maps and illuatratlons. Pp.

420. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1919. Grand Canyon chapter — A P^eant

of Creation, Hluatrated, pp. 328-351.
"The Top of the Continent." Grand Canyon chapter — The Greatest

Ditch in the Worid. Pp. 213-244; illustrated. Charles Scribner's Sona, New York,

1917.

OTHER NATIONAL PARKS.

Rules and Regulations similar to this for national parks listed
below may be obtained free of charge by writing to the Director of
the National Park Service, Washington, D. C.

Crater Lake National Park, Rocky Mountain National Park.

Glacier National Park. Sequoia and General Grant National

Hawaii National Park, Parks,

Hot Springs National Park. Wind Cave National Park.

Lafayette National Park. Yellowstone National Park,

Mesa Verde National Park. Yosemite National Park.

Mount Rainier National Park. ■

AUTHORIZED RATES FOR PUBUC UTIUTIES,
SEASON, 1923.

HOTELS AND PUBLIC CAMPS.

The following hotels,. etc., are operated by Fred Harvey:
ELTOVAB.

EI Tovar Hotel is located at the railroad terminus, near the head
of Bright Angel Trail, at an elevation of 6,866 feet above sea level,
and open all the year. It is a long, low structure, built of native
bowlders and pine Ic^. There are 93 sleeping rooms, accommo-
dating 175 guests. Forty-six of these rooms are connected with
private bath.

There is a music room and rendezvous. In the main dining room
165 persons can be seated at one time.

Hot and cold water, steam heat, and electric light are supplied.
El Tovar also has a steam laundry.

Aulkorked rales at El Tovar ITotet.
Amencaa plan:

One person in room without bath., per day $6. 00

One person in room with bath, per day 8.00

There are few exceptional rooms with bath rarrjing an additional
cha%e.
Ueabonly:

Brealdast 1.25

Luncheon 1. 25

Dinner 1.50

BRIGHT ANGEL COTTAGES.

Cozy lodgings in cottages or tents are available at Bright Angel
Cottages, adjacent to El Tovar. The accommodations are clean and
comfortable. There are four cottages, open the year round and many
lai^e tents for summer only. All of the cottages have steam heat
and electric light; one cottage also has baths. About 150 persons
can be accommodated here. Meals are furnished a la carte at the
caf£. Kitchen facihties are ample for quick a la carte 3«^ce.
Authorized TaUt oi Bright Angtl Cottaget.

Lodging only, per day, per person (1. 50-$l. 75

HERMIT CABINS.

On Tonto Plateau at the foot of Hermit Trail; consists of a central
dining room, lounge cottage, and 11 sleeping cott^es; accommoda-
tions for 30 persons.

Authoriied rata at Bermil Cobini.
American plaa, per day, per person

.vGo(5^[e

60 GE&ND CANTON NATIONAL PABK.

PHANTOM BANCH.

On the north side of the Colorado Rirer near the mouth of Bright
Angel Creek; consists of well-built atone cottages with mess hall
and rendezvous with excellent accommodations.
Authorized rota* at Phantom Jtmndi.

American plan, per day, pei peraoo $6

REST HOUSES.
THE LOOKOUT.

The Lookout is a quaint observatory and rest house, built on the
edge of the rim near the head of Bright Angel Trail. It is equipped
with a large binocular telescope in the tower, for observing the most
distant reaches of the canyon by day and for viewing the heavens
by night. There is a small library for the layman and scientist.
Canyon maps and photos are for sale. The reception room has
spacious windows, a fireplace, Navajo rugs, and easy chairs; it is
electric lighted and steam heated.

HERMIT'S UeST.

Where Hermit Rim Road ends and Hermit Trail begins is a unique
rest house, built into the hill, with a roofed-in porch and a parapet
wall. As the name implies, it is intended to provide rest and shelter
for parties who take the Rim Road drive, or the Hermit Trail trip.
Guests may sit at the tables outside or sheltered by the ^ass front
mside, according to weather, and enjoy a light lunch in unusual sur-
roundings. Admission b by ticket. Tickets may be obtained at
Ei Tovar or Bright Angel Cottages, at 50 cents.

SHOPS AND STORES.
HOPl HOUSE.

Oppo^te El Tovar is a re[m>duction of the dwelllDgs of the Hopi
Indians and several Navajo hogana.

Id Hopi House are installed collections of Indian htmdiwcHk. Hen
also live a small band of Hopis, who are among the more primitive of
our Indians. The men weave blankets and the womra ma^e pottery.

The homes of the Hopis are on the edge of the Painted Desert,
perched on the crests of lofty mesas where they live as did their
forbears and cling to their high dwelluig place. They are indus-
trious, thrifty, orderly, and mirthful. A round of ceremonies, each
terminating in the pageants called "dances," marks the different
seasons of the year. Subsisting almost wholly by agriculture in an
arid region of uncertain crops, they find time between tlveir labors
for hght-hearted dance and song, and for elaborate ceremonials,
which are grotesque in the Katchina, or masked dances, ideally poetic
in the flute dance, and intensely dramatic in the Snake Dance. In the
three and a half centuries of contact with the white race their manner

QZAHD OANTOK NATIONAIj P&SK. 61

of life has not mstoially chutged. Tlie Indian tribes tiutt roamed orec
mountain and jiaia hare become wards of the Govermsent, but the
Puel^ Indian has absolutely maintained his individuality.

The Navajo vom»i weave fine blankets and many of the men are
expert silversmiths, who fashion bracelets, rings, and other articles
from Mexican coin silver. The Navajo Indian Reservation — one of
the largest in the United States — borders Marble Canyon on the
east. They are a pastoral people, intelligent, and, like the Hopis,
self-supportii^. They own large numbers of sheep, cattle, and
faorees. The Navajos are tall, rather slender, and agile. They have
been rightly called the Bedouins of the Desert. Nowhere are they
gathered into permanent villages. Although "civilized," they still
cling to old customs and old religious forms. The medicine man, or
Shaman, has a large following, if not a large per cent of cures. Their
dance ceremonies are weird in the extreme. The Fire Dance is a
spectacular 10-day ceremony, seldom witnessed by white men, and
occurriog only once in seven years.

Supai Indians from Havasu Canyon frequently visit El Tovar.

TEBKAHrS.

Vei^«ii4>'B,(m theKim, joat east<^ theHopiHouse, carries acomplete
hiw<^ Canyon Souvetnts and Indian Handicraft. It makes a specialty
of Navajo rugs and silverware, ChimayoUankets, and Indian baskets,
Eud carries postcards, folders, and photo^aphs of the Canycm.

In this shop may ^o be seen one of the largest and best paintings
ef Grand Canyon as well as other work of the late Louis Aikm.

EOLB BROS.' STUDIO.

Kolb Bros.' studio is at the head of Bright Angel Trail. The Kolb
Bros, give, each day, an interesting lectiire, illustrated with motion
pictures and slides, describing their boat trip through the canyons
of the Green and Colorado Rivers. Admission, 50 cents.

The exhibition above referred to illustrates Major Powell's original
exploration of the entire aeries of Canyons on these rivers and should
Hot be confused with other excellent travel talks on the Grand
Canyon, which latter describe and illustrate what can be seen by the
visitor in a stay of a week or so at the canyon.

Here, too, visitors may view the canyon through a telescope and
obtain reliable information. Photographic views and other pictures
representing their many years' exploration of the Grend Canyon
are for sale.

^GHT-SEEING TRIPS BV ROAD.

REGULAR TRIPS BY AUTOMOBILE.

' The following trips are available every day in the year by automobile :

Bermit's Rest. — Stopping en route at Maricopa, Hopi, Mohave,
and Time. Points, Krat trip starts at 9.30 a. m., returning to El
Tovar and Bright Angel about 12 noon. Second trip starts at 1.30

53 GRASD CANYON NATIONAI- PARK.

p. m., returning' to El Tovar and Bright Angel about 4 p. m. Rtit,
93. This T&te includes use of facilities and light refreshments at
Hennit'a Rest. This drive is 1 5 miles round trip aJoi^ the Rim Road.
There is also a sunset trip to Hopi or Mohave Points, leaving Ei Tovsr
and Bright Angel Camp at 6.30 and returning about 7.45.

ffopi Point. — El Tovar to Hopi Point, 2 miles west; rate, $1.50.

MoJtsve Point. — Three miles west; rate, $2.

REGULAK SUMMER TRIPS BY AUTOMOBILE.

The following trips are available tlirough the summer season (ap-
proximately from April 15 to November 15).

Grand View. — Through forest of tall pines via Long Jim Canyon
and Thor's Hammer, 13 miles each way; time about SJhoure. I«ave
El Tovar 9.30 a. m. and 1.30 p. m. daily. Rates, $4. From Grand
View may be seen that section of the canyon from Bright Angel
Creek to Marble Canyon, including the great bend of the Colorado.
On the eastern wall are Moran, Zuni, Pap^o, Pinal, Lipan, Navajo,
(Desert View), and Comanche Points; and the mouth of the little
Colorado River. Still farther beyond is the Painted Desert and
Navajo Mountain — the latter plainly seen, though 120 miles away.
The rim trail to Moran Point ia interesting. Grand View Trait wiUn
the canyon near Grand View Point.

Desert View. — Thirty-two miles each way via Long Jim Canyon,
Thor's Hammer, Grandview, Hull Tank, Trash Dam, Tanner Tank,
Old Aztec Ruin, Lipan Point, and head of Tanner Trail. Two ronnd
trips a day, leaving El Tovar 9 a. m., and 1.30 p. m. Rate for one
person, $20; for two persons, $10 each; for three or more persons up to
capacity of car, $8 each. Special auto for parties of six persons or
less, $48; lunch extra, except for El Tovar guests.

At this point there is a far outlook not only into the canyon abftve
the Granite Gorge, where the river valley widens, but also across tiie
Painted Desert, toward Hopi Land, and along the Desert Palisades
to the mouth of the Little Colorado. At sunset and sunrise it is a
glorious sight. For that reason one preferably should arrange to stay
overnight — a camping trip elsewhere referred to. One and one-half
miles west of Desert View is Lipan Point, affording an excellent view
of this whole region,

SPECIAL SUMMER TRIPS BY AUTOMOBILE.

These trips depend upon condition of roads and may be at times
discontinued.

Bass's Camp, 24 miles, and Havasupai Point, 1 mile beyond.
Rate same as Desert View trip.

Yavapai and Grandeur Points. — This drive extends 2 miles east rf
El Tovar. Rate, $1.

GBAND CAKTON NATIONAL PABK. 58

PBIVATE CONVEYANCE RATES.

Where special care are desired, an extra chaise of S2 is made for
entire party, besides the individual rate for regular service.

As an example: The rate for regular trip to end of Eim Road is
$3 each person. If one person desires to make this trip in a special
conveyance, that person would pay $5; if two persons go, the entire
expense would be tS; for three persons, $11; and so on up to six.
The $2 extra is collected for the party as a whole, and not individu-
ally.

Other rates fojr special autos vary with service performed.

Note. — If the demand for regular-trip drives is so heavy as to
require use of all conveyances available, private trips will be discon-
tinued temporarily.

GARAGE SERVICE.

There is at Grand Canyon a lai^e stone garage with ample facilities
for repairing and supplying automobiles. The rate for storage of
automobiles is $1 per day.

TRAIL TRIPS.

Hermit Trail, stopping at Hermit Cabins overnight. — Time, two days
and one night. Hermit Road by auto. Down Hermit Trail, stay
overnight at Hermit Cabins; go to river at mouth of Hennit Creek;
return up Hermit Trail to Rim; thence to El Tovar over Hennit Rim
Road. Trips leave El Tovar and Bright Angel Cottages at 9. 30 a.m.
and return next afternoon. Rates $18.25 each, person, including
guide, overnight accommodations, and meals en route and at Hermit
Cabins. Private guide, $5 per day extra.

Bright Angel rraiZ,— The trail here is generally open the year round.
In midwinter it is liable to be closed for a day or two at the top by
snow, but such blockade is not frequent. The trail reaches from the
hotel 7 miles to the Colorado River, with a branch terminating at
the top of the granite wall immediately qverlooking the river. At
this latter point the stream is 1,272 feet below, while El Tovar Hotel
on the Rim is 3,168 feet above. The trip is made on muleback, ac-
companied by a guide.

Those wishing to reach the river leave the main trail at Indian
Garden and follow the downward course of Indian Oarden and Pipe
Creeks.

Leave at 8.30 a. m. for the river trip, 7 miles; return to Rim 5
p. m. Rate, $6 each person. Leave 10.30 a. m. for trip to plateau,
5 miles; rate, $5 each. Rates quoted above are for each person in
parties of three or more. For special trips with less than three per-
sons there is a party charge of $5 extra for guide. Lunch extra,
except for El Tovar room guests.

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64 OKUDD GAmtDt) IUITO0KA2. FUK,

It is necessary tk«A Tsitors- who walk dawn Bright Angel Trail
aod desire tb»t guide uid mules b* sesit to meet tbem, be chafed
full price aad special guid« fea o£ (5. Tkis is unavoidable, as the
mul^ and guides are not available for any atbw trip.

H^mit-TcmtiyBrigJU Aufffil Loop. — Ibis trip takes two da^ys aed
on« oigbt- Hermit Rim. Road to bead Hermit Trail; down Hermit
Trail; stay ovemi^if at Hermit Cabins^, gp to river foot of Nprmif.
Creek; return along Tonto Trail to Indian Garden; thence up Bright
Angel Trail.

Start from El Tovac or i^ight Angel Cottages at 9. 30 a. m,,. and
r«tum.Eiext afternoon. Round trip charge is $23.25 for e«cb person;
pciTato guide is 95 a day extsa, late quoted includes regular guide,
overnight accommodations, and meals en route.

Note. — This trip can be la^tbeaed to three days and two nights
by s^iending an extra night in tJie caayon, also going to river at foot
of Bright Angel Trail — a 34-miIe journey. Bate, ST4 a rfay, one per-
son; $8 a day extra each additional person; provisions extra; includes
guide.

Three-Day Sibhon Falls firiji — ^Leave about 9 a. m. Down Bright
Angel Trail, crossing the Colorado River by new steel suspension
briiJgB and reachii^ Phantom Ranch early ail^emoon. Ovemi^it at
Phantom Ranch, f oHowi^ morning by way of Kaibab TtmI m Bright
Angef Canyon, 5 miles to Ribbon Palls, bewrtifaJ rfear waterfafl m
the form of a crystal ribbon bedding its waters on a naCm'al rocik
altar in the mi^t of a verdairt amphitheater. Box hnK* at fafb,
and retran to Hiantom Ranch for ovem^t. On thmi day the
return to EI Tovar completes a nerer-tw-be-fOTgotleB experwoee.
The all-expense rate for this trip, for parties of three or more, ia $3(i
per person. For partrea of Eesa thaxt three, a ^srty ehtw^K af |5 per
d'ay for gnid«, extra.

Across Grand Canyon to Saibai Nati/mal Forest on Norfh Rim. —
Thffi combines an instnictrve and interesting excurai<m across the
whole width of the Grand Gimyon, from rim to rina, with a visit to
the Kaibab National Forest. This beaotifid virgin forest is the
home of thousands of deer and the haunt of tie mountain lion and
the bobcat. Starting from the South Rim, the reimd trip- is mat^e
in five days, in cludin g one day spent in the forested section. The
r»ute is by the Bright Angel and Tonto Trails across the Ksibal)
Suspension Bridge to Phantom Ranch; thence along Kaibab TV»a
and up Bri^t Angel Canyon to WjJie Way Camp at Br^t Ai^el
PomC ©n the Jforth Rim. On the return Ribbon Falls visited en
route. For those who may wish t» spend some time in the K^ab
JTational Forest, saddle stock and camping outfits are avaifaWe ait
Wylle "Way- Camp. Approxnnatc expense, except persona} accom^
modation in Wylie Way Camp, $70 per person far the five-day trip.

GSASD CAITYOX NATIOITAL FABK. 55

Wylie Way Camp, t6 pw day extra. For full particulars Mid adTance
nsesTfttaons address Manager, Transportatuw Department, The Fred
Htarrey Co., Qraod Canyon, Aria.

Drip'ping Spring. — This trip is made on horseback all the way, or
auto to Bint, and saddle horses down trail; 10 miles west, staits at
8.30 a. m. Rate, $5 each for three or more persons; for less than
time persona, S5 extra for guide. Private parties of three or more
peisons, $5 extra for guide.

SADDLE HOBSES.

Kecently many new bridle paths along the Rim and through the
piaes of Tusayao hare been opened up, so that horseback riding now
is possible for all. The animals are well trained and dependable.
Saddle horses cost S5 a day, or S3 a half day. English, McClellan,
Whitman, otr western stock saddleB furnished as requested. Side-
saddles not provided. Rates quoted include, for parties of tliree or
more, the services of a guide. For a guide for parties of less than
&ree or for a private guide the rate is $3 a day, or $2.50 a half day.
HoFsebadc trips over any of the trails into l^e canyon are only
permitted when accompanied by guide. This is necessary to avoid
mk in meeting trail parties and pack trains.

There are several interesting foot trails near Grand Canyon vil-
lage. Information as to these may be obtained at the superintend-
mt's office.

CAMPING TRIPS.

Camping trips with pack and saddle animals, or with wagons and
saddle animals, are oi^anized, completely equipped, and placed in
diarge of experienced guides.

The rates vary from $10 to $15 a day for one person; $6 to SS a day
each additional person. Such rates specially include services of guide
and camp equipment; provisions extra; figures quoted are approxi-
mate only, varying with different outings.

Havasu Canyon and Havasupai village. — ;The best time to visit
this place is from May to October. A jonmey of about 50 miles, first
by wagon or auto, 35 miles across a timbered plateau, then on horse-
back down Topocobya Trail along Topocobya and Havasu Canyons,
to the home of the Havasupai Indians.

The home of this little band of 200 Indians is in Havasu Canyon, a
tributary of ihe Grand Canyon, deep down in the earth two-fifths c^ a
mile, liie situation is romantic and the surroundings are beautified

56 GRAND CANTON NATIONAL FABK.

by falls of water over precipices several hundred feet high, backed by
grottoes of stalactites and stalagmites. This water all comes from
springs that gush forth in surprisng volume near the Havasupu
Tillage.

The baskets made by the Havasupai women consist of the burden
basket, a shallow tray, and a Water bottle of willow. Those made by
the older weavers are of fine mesh, with attractive designs, and bring
good prices. Havasupai means people of the blue water. Padre
Garces was the first white man to visit their canyon home. In early
days the Havasupais undoubtedly were cliff dwellers. They built
nearly all the Grand Canyon trails, or rather their rude pathways were
the advance guard of the present trails. Their summer homes
resemble those of the Apaches. The winter homes afford more pro-
tection against the weather.

The round trip from El Tovar is made in three days, at an expense
of $15 a day for one person, S20 a day for two persons, and $25 a day
for three persons. Each additional member after party of three, $5
a day; provisions extra. These rates include service for party of
one or two persons, also cost of horse feed, but do not include board
and lodging at Supai village.

For parties of three to six persons an extra guide is required, whose
services are charged for at J5 a day.

Little Colorado River. — The trip to the moutli of the Little Colorado
is a most interesting one. Leaving El Tovar in the morning by
wagon, camp is made the first day at Deer Tank. The next day the
cliff dwellings are visited and the plateau overlooking the Canyon
of the Little Colorado is reached by midday. From the edge of the
plateau to the bottom of the canyon is a straight drop of 2,500 feet.
Rates on application.

Painted Desert and Hopi Land. — The trip is made with saddle and
pack animals. The first night the camp is at Saddle Horse Tanks.
Hopi Crossii^ of the Little Colorado is reached the next afternoon and
Tuba City the third day. The Hopi village of Moenkopie is seen en
route.

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GRAND CANTON NATIONAL PABK. 57

The Painted Desert country affords a most interesting study of a
phase of Indian entertainment, little known to white people. Rates
on application.

Other camping trips are being arranged for by the National Park
Service. Information may be obtained at the superintendent's office.

THE NORTH RIM.

AUTO STAGE TBANSPOBTATION FROM UTAH POINTS.

The North Rim of the Grand Canyon National Park is reached
from Lund, Utah, on the Union Pacific System, and from Marysvale,
Utah, on the Denver & Kio Grande Western Railroad by automobiles
operated by C. 0. Parry, Cedar City, Utah.

Special all-expense tours are offered combining visits to Zion
National Park, Cedar Breaks, and Bryce Canyon. These toiu«
leave Lund daily from June 15 to October 10, and from Marysvale
daily from June 15 to October 10.

AtUhoriud raUt.
From Lund, Utah: •

Four-day tour of Grand Canyon National Paik (North Rim), Kaibab Forest
via Cedar Breaks, and Navajo Lake, fare For automobile transportation
and 11 meals and 3 nights' lodgings $S5

Seven-day toui of Zion National Park, Grand Canyon National Park
(N<»th Rim), Kaibab Forest, Bryce Canyon, and Cedar Breaks, fare for

Mibnnobile transpartation and 20 meals and 6 nights' lodgings 120

From Marysvale, Utah; •

Five-day tour of Grand Canyon National Park (North Rim), Eaibab
Forest and Bryce Canyon, fare for automobile transportation and 13
meals and 4 nights' lodgings 110

Seven-day tour of Grand Canyon National Park (North Rim), Eaibftb
Forest, Zion National Park, Cedar Breaks, and Bryce Canyon, tare for
automobile transportation and 19 meals and 6 nights' lodgings 135

Above rates include automobile transportation and meals and lodg-
ings en route. Children under 12 years of age, one-half fare. Twenty
five pounds of baggage on full-fare tickets and 12^ pounds on half-
fare tickets will be transported free; excess h&gg&ga will be charged
for at rate of 10 cents per pound.

SPECIAL ADTO SERVICE.

Arrangements also can be made with H. I. Bowman, of Kanab,
Utah, for special automobiles from Marysvale, Utah, to Bryce Canyon,
North Rim of the Grand Canyon National Park, Zion National Park,
and Cedar Breaks and return to starting point. Special cars carrying
four persons for 50 cents per mite and cars carrying six persons for 60
cents per mile, these cars to be operated at the pleasure of the occu-

• HcnrraUoie foe tbaN tript Enat be niadein idvuoe with C. a. Fairy, Traiupcrtatlon IIaiu«v,C«dtt

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fiS OSAHD OlMYOM NATIONAL PABK.

pants as to dia^iwe teaveled emeAi day am) as to places Tiaited, with
the proviso that a f""'""*"" chuge irill be made for 30 mites in any
one day whether traveled or not. Twenty-five pounds of free bi^gage
will be allowed each pasoo; exeeas ba^age wiU be t^ai^ed for at
the rate <rf 10 ceots per poasd. Two ehUdrui nndw & year^ of age
will be carried in lieu of one adult,

WYUE WAY CAMP.

On the North Rim at Br^ht Angel Point, situated in a shady
grove of pines, is a Wylie Way Camp, consisting of a central dining
tent and comfortable sleeping toits; everything is spotlessly clean.
Camp opens about June 20 and closes about Octobw: 1. There are
accommodations for about 25 pe<^le.

Authorised rate at WyUe Way Camp, American plan, per person,
per day, S6.

SAIHfLE-HOttSE TBIPS.

Arrai^ements may be made at the Wylie Way Camp or by writing
to Jensen & Vaughn, Fredonia, Aria.^ for saddle-horse trips to various
points of interest on the North Rim and in the Canyon. "Kme
required and rates are as follows:

Side trips and rates therefor from Wylie Way Camp, Bright Angel
Point:

To Pmnt Inq>erial, one-day bip.
To Point Sublime, two-day trip.
To Cape Royal, two-day trip.

Saddle horses for these trips or for special trips oa the plateau, $3
each par day. Mounted guide for North Rim trips, SS per day.

Down Bright Ai^el TraB to Ccdomdo River, and cross-canyon
trips, the rate is $6 per day for each horse.

Guide for river and cross-canyon trips, $6 per day.

Var all overnight trips from Wylie Way Camp on ihe North Eim
<me ot more pack horses most accompany the party, the rates tor
these beii^ the same as for saddle hOTses.

Beddii^ and provkioDS for North Rim trips, (3.50 per day for each
P«xson.

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A PORTION OF THE FIRST FORE!
19 profusion of pelrified wood Is claarly s

ROOT OF PETRIFIED THEE, 7 FEET II

PETRIFIED FOREST NATIONAL MONUMENT, ARIZONA.

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G DOWN A STEEP STRETCH ON THE HERMIT
GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK.

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T?£ DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

^ c Q HUBERT WORK. SECRETARY

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

STEPHEN T. MATHER. DIRECTOR

RULES AND REGULATIONS

GRAND CANYON

NATIONAL PARK

ARIZONA

1924

OPEN ALL THE YEAR

Photogiapb b; £3 Tovai Studio

■ EL TOVAR HOTEL FROM ROOF OF HOPI HOUSE

Pbotogiapb by El ToTai Studio

VILLAGE OF MOENKOPl
Reached over the new Navahopi Road from Grand Canyon Park

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CONTENTS

General description

A mighty spectacle

The fiwit view

Park Service information bureau

living at the Grand Canyon

!Free public camp ground

Seeing it from the rim

Descending the canyon

The Hermit Trail

The Tonto Trail

The navasu Canyon

Origin and geologic history of the Grand Canyoi

History of the canyon

The canyon aa a resort

The north rim of the canyon

Tables of distances and altitudes

Roads

Trails _-_ _

How long to stay

What to wear

Administration

How to reach the park

Automobile supplies

Groceries

Water

PabUo utilities and conveniences

Petrified Forest National Monument

Rnles and regulations

literature

Auttiorized rates for public utilities _

The south rim

The north rim

99682"— 24t 2

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MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS

COVER

The Canyon Grande looking west from Hopi Point Front.

Et Tovar Hotel from roof of Hopi House Inside front.

Village of Moenkopi._ _ __ Inlide front.

Petrified Forest National Monument, Arizona, a portion of the

first forest Inside back.

Root of petrified tree, 7 feet In diameter _. Inside back.

Across the Canyon from near El Tovar on south rim-.-- Back.

Across the Canyon from Bright Angel Point on north rim Bach.

Fio. 1. GeneraUzed columnar section, showing position and structural
relations of the rocks of the Grand Canyon National Park 9

Fio. 2. Generalized sections across Grand Canyon, looking up the Colo-
rado River 10

Map of Arizona showing railroad connections to Grand Canyon National
Park - 28

Map of Grand Canyon National Park '30

Map showing principal automobile routes in Colorado, Utah, Arizona,
and New Mexico _ _ 31

(IV)

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THE NATIONAL

INUBIbfT, IB; tt

AT A OLANOE

NaOonaJpMksin
ordwoIiTeUl™.

Location.

Arealu

mDM.

^'^^^,^,-

Middle Arkansaa

sSHS??— ^'^

YdlowstOM

^SK-"™ ^-

3, MS

Many large Btreama and waterfSlls-Vaat wU-
demees. greatest wild bird and animal preierTB

MWdl. »,Um Cali-

The Blc Tr« National Park— eeveral hundred
M to 38 teet in dlamrter— Towerim mounlahi
delicate beauty.

MWdle fasteni Csll-

1,126

mantio vialaa— Many waterfalls of eitraor-
<Iinary height— 3 00168 of big trees— High
Bierra— WalcrwheeTralla-Qood trout flsblng.

a.MfatOr8nt_

ISM)

Mlddle eastran Call-

Tree, 35 feet in diameter— e miles from Sequoia
National Park.

Mount tsinier-....

West Central Wash-
ingtcn.

321

Largest accessible aii^e peak glacier syalem— 28
glBclen, some of large Biie— tS square mllea oC
glacier. tO to SOO feet thUA— Wonderful sub-
alplne wild flower neldB.

CreWrLake _

BouthwBStern Oregon.

34a

Southern Oklahoma...

Many sulDhor and other springs pouesaing

IMt

an iiporlant wild-animal prMervB.

MeaVBTde

redo.

Moat notable and best preMrred prehistoric cliff
dwellingB in Unlled States. H not hi the world.

tana.

'■"

Hugged mountain region of unsurpassed Alpine
character— 2»0 glacier-fed lakae of romantlo
beauty— 60 smaU glaciers- Predplcefl tbou-

B«±r Mountain...

N«« middle Colo-

3971

Heart of tbe RD<±les-ei]OTy range, peaks 11,000

HivaU

ISO

IfllB

on Hawaii. Haleakala on Maul.

Idsson Volcanic....

Northern Calltorala...

124

"Si^rPelk^^.'^f^'^lnr-CoSS^

Mount McKlntoy.

Booth Central Alaska.

2,fl«

Highest mountain In North Amerlca-Bisea
o£er mountain la the world.

arandCsnyon

Nortb central ArtiOQa.

958

"^bC^yali ?i."?x- "• —

Magnificent gmge f Zlon Canyon) depth from 800
beauty and scenic Interest.

ine

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GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The Grand Canyon National Park was created by an act of Con-
gress, February 26, 1919. It is under the supervision of the National
Park Service of the Department of the Interior. Its final creation
came 33 years after Benjamin Harrison, then Senator from Indiana,
introduced the first of several bills to give it park status. PoHtics,
local apathy, and private interests, which sought to utihze its water
power and to find minerals in its depths, were the principal causes of
delay. All efforts failing to make it a national park, in 1908 Presi-
dent Roosevelt made it a national monument. Once a railroad was
surveyed through it. A scenic railroad was projected along its
south run. IjCss than a year before it became a park efforts were
making in New York to raise money to dam its waters for power
and irrigation.

The Grand Canyon National Park is in northern Arizona. Its
958 square miles inclose 56 miles of the Grand Canyon stretching
west of its hftgi'titiing at the mouth of the Marble Canyon. Through
it winds the Colorado River for a distance of 103 miles. From rim
to rim the canyon varies from 8 to 20 miles in width; it is more than
a, mile deep measured from the north rim, which averages nearly a
thousand feet higher than the south rim. The eastern boundary
includes the lofty painted walls east of which lies the Painted Desert,
Its western boundary includes the broad Havasu Canyon, tributary
from, the south, in whose depths we find the Havasupai Indian Reser-
vation and a group of fine waterfalls markedly different from any in
our other national parks.

The park boundaries hug the rim closely. Very little of the coun-
try back of the rim is included in the reservation, scarcely enough in
places to take care of the great increase of travel which national
parkhood will bring to the Grand Canyon during the next several
years. These border lands are wonderfully attractive. The north-
ern rim is heavily forested with pine and spruce, interspersed with
beautiful glades of quaking aspen. The southern rim carries a
slender semiarid flowering vegetation of rich beauty and wide variety
and south of the railroad station lie a few square miles of fine yellow
pine forest.

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2 ■ OEAND CANYON NATIONAL PAHK

A MtGHTY SPECTACLE

There is no doubt that the Grand Canyon is one of the world's
very greatest spectacles. It is impossible to compare it with the
tremendous white spectacle of the Himalayas, or with the House of
Everlastii^ Fire of the Hawaii National Park, or with the 17,000
feet of snow and glacier which rise abruptly between the observer's
eyes and the summit of Mount McKinley, because it has nothing in
common with any of Uiese. But of its own kind there is nothing
in the world which approaches it in form, size, and glowing color;
it is much the greatest example of stream erosion. And in its power
to rouse the emotion of the looker-on, to stupefy or to exhilarate, it has
no equal of any kind anywhere, unless it be the starry finnameut
itself.

Approaching by rail or road, the visitor comes upon it suddenly.
Pushing through the woods from the motor camping groimd, or
climbing the stairs from the railroad station, it is there at one's feet,
disclosed in the sublimity of its templed depths, in the bewildering
glory of its goi^ous coloring. There is no preparation of mind and
spirit. To some the revelation is a shock, no matter what the ex-
pectation. The rim of the Grand Canyon is one of the stillest places
on earth, even when it is crowded with people.

To describe the Grand Canyon is as impossible as it is unnecessary.
Few natural spectacles have been so fully pictured, few are so familiar
even to the untraveled. Its motionless unreahty is one of the first
and most powerful impressions it makes. And yet the Grand Canyon
is really a motion picture. There is no moment Uiat it does not
change. Always its shadows are insensibly altering, disappearing
here, appearing there; lengthenii^ here, shortening there. There
is continual movement. With every quarter hour its difference may
be measured.

There is the Grand Canyon of the early morning, when the light
slants lengthwise from the Painted Desert. The great capes of the
northern rim shoot into the picture, outlined in golden light against
which their shapes gloom in hazy blues. Certain temples seem to
rise slowly from the depths, or to step forward from hiding places in
the opposite walls. Down on the green floor the twisting inner
goige discloses here and there lengths of gleaming water, sunlit
and yellow.

An hour later- all is wholly changed. The dark capes have retired
somewhat and now are hrilliant-hued and thoroughly defined. The
temples of the dawn have become remodeled, and scores of others
have emerged from the purple gloom. The Granite Goi^e, now de-
tailed fully, displays waters which are plainly muddy even at this
great distance. And now the opposite wall is seen to be convoluted,
possessing many headlands and intervening gulfs.

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GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PABK 8

And BOj from hour to hour, the spectacle developB. Midday, vith
sun high behind the south rim, is the time of least charm, for the
opposite walls have flattened and the temples of the depths have
lost their defining shadows. But as afternoon prc^;resses the spec-
tacles of the morning creep back, now rerersed and strai^ely altered
in outline. It is a new Grand Canyon, the same but wonderfully
different.

And just after sunset the reds deepen to dim purples and the grays
and yellows and greens change to ma^cal blues. In the dark of a
moonless night the canyon suggests unimaginable mysteries.

THE FIRST VIEW

From the railroad station the visitor ascends to El Tovar Hotel
and the view of the canyon at a very interesting point. Here is
where the temples loom up in contrast to the plateau at their feet;
the plateau still being 1,500 feet above the river. The view at El
Tovar is restricted by the extension of Grandeur Point and Maricopa
Point on either side. These cut off the view of the great reaches of
the canyon east and west. El Tovar view is a framed picture of
limited size. It is better so; better for the newcomer to enter grad-
ually into the realization of the whole which will come when he walks
or rides out to the many points which push northward from the
south rim; better also to return to after days spent on the rim or in
the canyon's depths.

Having studied this view for general outlines and the canyon's
conformation, stratification, and coloring, the visitor wiU find for
himself, on foot or by motor stage or horseback, many points which
will afford him varied outlooks upon the broad reaches of the can-
yon. It is advisable to see the canyon from end to end from the rim
before exploring the trails to the floor and the river.

The traveler who is unlucky enough to have no more time at his
disposal may, even in one day, see much of the Grand Canyon either
from the rim or by mule-back descent to the depths as preference
dictates. Probably the one-day visitor can see more by taking the
l&-mile Hermit Rim Road drive west in the forenoon and the 60-
mile drive east to Grand View and Desert View in the afternoon
than in any other way. Both the rim drives and the descent into
the canyon may be had in two days. Every day added to the sched-
ule will give the visitor further novel experiences and glorious
views, such as the Hermit Loop trip, the Phantom Banch trip, or to
the north rim of the canyon, visiting Ribbon Palls en route, or the
long motor trip over the Navahopi Road to Tuba City and Moenkopi.

Wben you go to the Grand Canyon leave the duration of your stay
open for decision when there. You will probably then remain from
five days to two weeks. Two weeks of fairly steady going will enable

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GBAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK

you to see the Grand Canyon thoroughly without imdertaking trips
which are a hardship to persons unaccuBtomed to trail riding.

PARK SERVICE INFORMATION BUREAU

A free information hureau is maintained hy the National Park
Service in the Administration Building, 100 yards east of £1 Tovar
and at the foot of the hill, whwe the superintendeDt's offices are.
Park visitors are welcomed and are advised to apply to the attendant
in charge of this bureau for official information of any kind.

A collection of various geolo^cal specimens of Uie Grand Canyon
is on exhibition, as well as charts of flowers and birds.

A suitable reference library is being accumulated for the use of
visitors, and the Government maps and other publications may be
consulted or secured here.

Automobile arrivals are requested to renter at t^ bureau, unless
previously registered at a checking station.

UVING AT THE GRAND CANYON

Living is pleasant and comfortable. £1 Tovar Hotel offers ddight-
ful conditions at rates reasonable in these times for its high-class
accommodations. Its porches are broad, its garden a collection of
rich semiarid v^etation, its rim walks inspiring. There is horse-
back ridiog through many miles of yellow-pine forest and out to
viewpoints on the rim, but there are no sports. There is neither golT
nor tennis. The canyon absorbs the whole attention of its visitors.

Adjoining the hotel there is a most comfortable annex of cottages
and tents and caf4; rates are lower than those chained at the main
hotel. There are comfortable cottages at Hermit Creek Cabins
on the Hermit Trail, and at Phantom Kanch across the Colorado
Eiver. The latter cottages are built of the native rock, with mess
hall, etc. Both these resorts are first class in every respect.

Wylie Way Camp at Bright Angel Point on the north rim provides
comfortable acconunodatioos for visitors. There are tent cottages
at Desert View, where one may spend the night. Camping trips
along the rim and down to the Havasupai Indian KesOTvation and
the waterfalls of Havasu Canyon can be arranged. It is possible to
take your pack train across the river on the Kaibab Suspension
Bridge, stay overnight at Phantom Eanch, and ascend the most in-
teresting Kaibab IVail up Bright Angel Canyon to the north rim.
This trip is a matter of several days and is correctly classed as a
simuner jaunt.

FREE PUBLIC CAMP

From April to November the south rim is free from snow and the
free public camp ground near Grand Canyon Yill^e is available to
campers. Motorists are urged to bring their own camp equipment

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GBAND CANTON NATIONAL PABK 5

&ad make nee of this camp. Sites will be allotted free of charge on
^>pIicatioii to the office of the superintendent of the park. There
is a garage in the village where gasoline and oil can be procured.
There is also a general store where groceries can be purchased.
It is necessary to purchase water in the village, as there is none at
the Grand Canyon and it must be hauled from a distance by rail,
llie chaige for water is 25 cents per day.

SEEING rr FROM THE RIM

Sast of the hotel are several points reached by motor roads which
ftfford fine views of the upper half of the Grand Canyon. The most
famous of these is Grand View, where still stands the first regular
hotel of the canyon, now private property, tad not affording hotel
accommodations. The eastern terminus of tile road is Desert View,
which offers a view up the Marble Canyon, and eastward over the
famous Painted Desert. West of the hotel the auto stages stop at a
succession of fine points, each with its own individual view of the
mighty spectacle.

There is much to see also in the neighborhood of El Tovar.

The Yavapai Trail extends along the Canyon rim east to Grandeur,
Yavapai, and Yaki Points, and the Hopi Trail west to Maricopa,
Sentinel, and Hopi Points. These paths are inviting to the hiker,
or, if one desires to combine horseback riding with viewii^ the spec-
tacle thus reached, he may do so over these paths, where the footing
invites a canter, the surroundings furnish shade and beauty, and
automobiles do not intrude.

DESCENDING THE CANTON '

The descent of this trail is made on muleback in parties led by
guides. It is a sad mistake for persons not in the soimdest physical
training to attempt it on foot, for the apparent distance as seen from
the rim is misleading, and the climb back is most arduous at that ele-
vation. The south rim of the canyon at El Tovar is 6,866 feet above
sea level. Nearly every day one or more trampers, overconfident of
their endurance, find the way up too arduous and have to be assisted
by guides and mules sent down for them from the rim.

The descent is an experience of great charm. The trail is well
built and kept in good condition. The traveler passes in review
all the strata which form the canyon walls ; their close examination will
be a source of -pleasure. Just under the run the trail passes through
a fine forest of spruce, and from this down to the sage desert of the
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6 OKUTD CAJTTOir HATIONAL PASS

green Ooar the travdcr will »bo pan in review a smcs of vegetation
irtuch n^meemts scons or hnndreds of miles of surface gnnrtbs.
lliere are two steep clifb wfaich the trail doacMids in scnes of short
hitches of zigzags, one of which, known as Jacob's Laddor, carries the
traveler down the famous Redwall limcBtcne, which is so distinct a
scenic featore of the canyon from every rim view. Bab Uiwe need be
no alarm about these descests, for the z%si^, short and numerous
tlujugh they are, maintain always a uniform safe grade. It may
affect Ihe unaccustomed nervously to see his mule hang his head
over short abysses at the turns, but the traveler >ii>n?w lf does not
hang over them, and the mule is sure-footed, stohd, and indifferent.
TTifre is only one creature with less imagination than a mule, and
that is his cousin, the buiro.

TnHi«.n Garden, which lies on the floor of the canyon, is so nanxed
because Havasupai Indians once cultivated the soil through which
passes the stream which originates in springs below the Kedwall.
It is called Garden Creek. llLe TnHi^ii Garden now is a tuigle of
high brush, principally willow, through which the trail passes oat
upon the Tonto Platform, and presraitly plunges down the roc^
gorge which leads to the edge of the muddy Colorado.

A much finer trail from every point of view than the Bright Angel
starts from Hamit Rest, south of Pima Point, and descends the
Hermit Canyon. It begins 8 miles west of !EU Tovar. Hiis is a
two days' journey, including a night spent in Hermit Cabins well down
in thefanyon. It involves an experience worth many times the addi-
tiond day which it requires.

The Hermit Canyon is one of extreme beauty; there is probably no
other which equals it in goigeous coloring and the variety of its rock
forms. The trail, whose grade is less than that of the Bright Angel,
is one of the finest in the world. It is longer than the Bright Angel
Trail and leads out upon impressive points ovco-looking fascinating
views. The descent of the Redwall limestone is a masterpiece of
trail building, and the only part of the Hermit Trail which gives an
impression of steepness; but this may readily be walked down by the
unaccustomed rido"; its descent is not nerve racking. The night
at Hermit Cabins, under a towering crimson gable, with colorful
Hermit Canyon on the south and Grand Canyon opening northward
over the green shale of the Tonto Platform, or "lower plateau," is
as comfortable as it is fascinating. The trip to the river and back to
the camp is usually made the first day.

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GRAND CANTON NATIOHAI, PABK 7

THE TCMTO TRAIL

Too few visitors to Hermit Cabins combine the two trail trips
with a journey between them over the Tonto Platform. The descent
is by the Hennit Trail with a night at its foot. The next morning
the journey is made on mule back along the Tonto Plateau to the
Indian Gardens. This journey is extremely interesting. The side
walls of the canyon and the numerous temples give one the sense of
being in the mountains instead of half way down the depths of a
canyon. From the Indian Gardens, after lunch by the stream side,
parties ascend Bright Angel Trail to El Tovar.

THB HAVASU CUnON

The Havasu Canyon in the far western end of the national park is
rarely viaited. The trail begins at the end of a long desert road by
descendiikg precipitously to a goi^e through which the Havosupai
Indian Reservation is reached. There are less than 200 Indians on
the reservation. These live by farming the land irrigated from
Havasu Creek; com is their principal product, but melons, figs, and
peaches are also produced. The reservation fills a broad amphi-
theater in the gorge surrounded by lofty red sandstone cliffs of the
Supai formation. There are no hotels or camps and the heat is
intense in summer. The Havasa Creek water is strongly impregnated
with lime and unpalatable, though entirely wholesome. Neverthe-
less, the visit to the reservation is one of unusual character and charm
for those who do not object to a little hardship.

Below the reservation the canyon breaks into a series of waterfalls,
two of which are unusual in kind and beauty. These are the Havasu
Fall and the Hualapai Fall. Both drop over lofty shelves, which are
plastered on back and sides by richly carved festoons of lime traver-
tine. Both the falls occur in deep gorges in the Redwall limestone.
Bright green cottonwoods, cactus, and other desert vegetation
enliven the scene, which is as different as imagination can well paint
from anything else in the Grand Canyon National Park.

In the spring, foUowing the melting of the rim snows, there are
various waterfalls in the Grand Canyon itself, several of which last
for some months. These occur on the north side of the river, where
there is a greater supply of wat«r, the south side being arid except for
brief periods following meltings and cloudbursts. One of these tem-
porary north-side waterfalls in Clear Creek, which has been seen by
very few persons, is about 800 feet in height. With the crossing of
the river, which is now possible over the Kaibab Suspension Bridge
these and many other fascinating spectacles, now little known, will
become familiar sights to many. The destiny of the Grand Canyon
is to become one of the most used national parks.

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8 GBAND CANTON NATIONAIj PABE

<HUGIN AND GE(MXX:iC HISTORY OP THE GRAND CANTON i

The Grand Canyon is the deepest and widest of a long series of
canyons through which the Colorado River flows for 500 miles across
a region of high table-lands known as the plateau province or the
Colorado Plateaus. Hiese canyons are unusually steep sided and
unusually deep, but they are merely parte of the valley of the river,
and, like most other river valleys, they have been formed by the
stream that occupies them; they are not, as some yfiio are unfamUiiu'
with geolo^c processes have supposed, due to any violent or catas-
trophic breaking of the earth's crust. The Chrand Canyon is per-
haps the world's most spectacular illustration of the accumulated
results of erosion — of the combined action of running water, rain,
wind, and the various atmospheric ageaciee that attadc the rocks
and sculpture them into the forms that give character to a landscape.

A PBCUIJAB TTPE OP LAND 80UUTURE

The scenery of the Grand Canyon is the supreme expression of a
type of land sculpture that is peculiar to the plateau country, a
type whose elements are cliffs and tabular forms — ^buttes, mesas,
terraces, and plateaus. The high plateau into which the river has
cut its way is built up of layer upon layer of rock beds t^t lie nearly
level and that extend continuously over great distances. These
beds, as one may see in the walls of tiie canyon, consist of sandstone,
shale, and limestone, which have been grouped by geologbts into
the formations shown in the generalized columnar section forming
Figure 1. This figure presents a summary of the facts relating to
the character of the rocks exposed in the Grand Canyon National
Park and the thickness, attitude, order of accumulation, and struc-
tural relations of the formations.'

' By L. F. Nobla, geologist, V. B. Ooological Survey.

1 The term "fDrmation" Is generally applied to a group olrock beds that are of about the some agb, as
gfaown by tbe fossils tbe7 oontaln, or that are cooaidered together for conTeoienoe in mapping or desiTlp-
tion. A fotmatlDn is named from the place where It was Hist studied or from soma place or region wben
itla welleiposed. The Kaibab limestone, for example, i» aa named because it is well eipoBsd on the
Eaibab FUteao.

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OEAND CANTON NATIOKAI, PABK

—I \^^l 1,, -t " I — , 1 j%i jwp tmu -J mt ^ . '

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GBAND CANYON NATIONAL PABK

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GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PABE 11

ARCerrEOTUBAL FOltHS DOUINATB THE CANYON
As the formations lie in orderly horizontal layers, like beds of
masonry, they have been carved into definite architectural forms,
which are everywhere nearly identical in profile though varied and
irregular in plan, and as they vary in their resistance to erosion,
some being hard, some soft, every part of the canyon wall, every
pimiacle and butte, is characterized by its own steplike alternation
of cliff, slope, and shelf. Each resistant bed stands forth as a cliff,
and each weak bed is marked by a slope. Each shelf or platform is
made by the wasting back of a weak stratum that lies upon a resistant,
cliff-making stratum, and the greater the thickness of the weak
stratum the broader the shelf. The plateaus that border the canyon
are themselves simply great toTaces developed on a resistant forma-
tion, the Kaibab limestone, from which overlying softer beds have
been washed away. As erosion goes on parts of the canyon wall or
plateau become separated by the widening of branch canyons or
ravines and stand as solitary outliers capped by remnants of a hard
bed of rock. These remnants aie the buttes and temples. The
great height of the plateau gives rapid fall to the streams that enter
the canyon and enables them to cut powerfully and deeply and thus
to carve the rocks into forms that are fashioned on a gigantic scale.
The erosion accomplished by these streams, though spasmodic, be-
cause the streams are mainly fed by spasmodic rainstorms in an arid
climate, is none the less effective. The slopes here are partly bare
of vegetation because the desert plants grow far apart, and the con<
centrated enei^ of a single torrentid shower may therefore wreak
more havoc than would be caused by a season's rainfall on plant-
covered slopes in a humid region. It is this prevailing aridity that,
by retarding the growth of vegetation and the formation of soU,
keeps sharp and fresh profiles that in a moister region would soon be
duUed or obscured.

SECrnONB ACBOSS THE CANYON

The three sections across the Grand Canyon shown in Figure 2
(A, B, O) illustrate the intimate relation between the profile of the
wall and the character of the rocks. In A, where the rocks along
the river axe the weak shales of the Algonkian Grand Canyon series,
the bottom of the canyon is a broad valley having gently sloping
sides. In B these weak stratified rocks are replaced by the hard
Archean crystalline rocks, and the river occupies a narrow gorge —
the Granite Goi^e. As these hard crystalline rocks are not arranged
in beds and are all about equally resistant to erosion the walls of the
Granite Goi^ have a steep, continuous slope, which presents a
striking contrast to the steplike profile of the wall in the overlying

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12 QEAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK

bedded Paleozoic rocks. In C the 'river occupies a narrow 1k)x-
shaped vertical-walled canyon in tbe hard Tapeata sandstone, the
basal formation of the horizontal Paleozoic beds.

In C the weak Hermit shale, in the upper wall of the canyon, is
thick and consequently wastes far back from the summit of the
underlying hard Supai sandstone, leaving a wide platform known as
the Esplanade. This platform, because of its great width and its
conspicuous red color, is the dominant feature of the canyon land-
scape in all the western part of the national park. But the Hermit
shale stea(Uy gets thinner eastward in the canyon, as may be seen in
sections B and A, whereas the overlying cUS-making Coconino sand-
stone, which defends the retreat of the wall above the Esplanade,
gets steadily thicker in the same direction. The Esplanade thus
becomes a narrow bench in B and fades to an inconspicuous ledge in A.

In B the weak Bright Angel shale has determined a simOar plat-
form in the bottom of the canyon. This platform, known as the
Tonto platform, or the "lower plateau," is widest in the region about
and east of Bright Angel and Hermit Trails, where it is a familiar
feature to tourists. It gets narrower westward as the overlying
Muav and Redwall formations grow thicker and become firmer in
texture.

This marvelous adjustment of external form to the inequaUties of
rock structure and character affords to the geologist the strongest
evidence that the canyon is the work of erosion.

A UNIOOE REVELATION OF GEOLOGIC HI8TOHY

A lai^e part of ancient geologic history is revealed more clearly in
the walls of the Grand Canyon than in any other place in the world.
The beds of rock seen in the canyon were all laid down in water as
layers of sand, mud, and limy ooze and in time Were hardened into
rock by the great weight of the layers above them, the lime and silica
that they contained cementing their particles together. As rocks of
this kind are composed of sediment deposited in water the geologist
calls them sedimentary rocks, and as they are piled in beds or strata
one above another they are said to be strati£ed, and the beds are
called strata.

The horizontal strata seen in the walls of the canyon were formed
during the Paleozoic era (the era of "old hfe"); they represent the
oldest series of rocks that have yielded clearly identifiable traces of
life. Many of the strata contain the remains of marine animals and
were therefore evidently laid down on the bottom of the sea, although
the region now stands high above the present sea level. Others,
notably certain beds of red shale and sandstone in the Supai and
Hermit formations (see fig. 1), appear to have been spread out as
mud and sand on low-lying land or on del ta plains by shifting streams ;

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GRAND CANTOK NATIONAL PARK 13

and one formation, the Coconino sandstone, is regarded by some
geologists as a sand-dune deposit. Nearly aU the Paleozoic forma-
tions contain some traces of life — ^in the Kaibab and the Itedwall
limestones there are corals and many kinds of marine shells ; in the
formations of the Tonto group, the remains of primitive shellfiah,
woim trails, and impressions of seaweeds; in the Temple Butte lime-
stone, the remains of an ancient type of fish; and in the Hermit
shale, impressions of long-extinct plants. Fossil tracks of small
animals, probably older forms of amphibia, occur in the Coconino
sandstone along the Hermit Trail, thb a^^r^ate thickness of the
P^eozoic rocks varies from place to place, but in the part of the
Grand Canyon that ia included within the national park it averages
4,000 feet.

ROCKS OLDER THAN THB PALEOZOIC

Ancient as are the formations of the Paleozoic era, two great sys-
tems of rocks— the Algonkian and the Archean — are buried beneath
their base and appear only in the depths of the canyon. The rocka
of the older system, the Archean, form the walls of the Granite Gorge.
They are the foundation rocks of the region, and they are totally
unhke the Paleozoic rocks, for they are entirely crystalline, are not
stratified, and show a cnunpled banding, due to the arrangement of
their constituent minerals in parallel layers, an arrangement pro-
duced by heat, pressure, and recrystallization. The Archean rocks
are mainly of the type known as gneiss and schist, but they include
granite in lai^e masses and dikes that have been intruded while
molten into the gneiss and schist. The Archean rocks have been
named the Vishnu schist. They contain no traces of life.

The rocks of the younger of these two systems, the Algonkian, are
intermediate in age between the Archean and the Paleozoic rocks and
occur tere and there in the depths of the canyon in wedge-shaped
masses that he between the Archean and the Paleozoic. They can
be easily distinguished by the casual observer in the region between
Grand View and the mouth of the Little Colorado, where at least
12,000 feet of them remain. Small masses are exposed near the
mouth of Bright Angel Creek opposite El Tovar, on Crystal Creek, on
Shinumo Creek, and along Colorado River west of Powell Plateau.
These rocks, hke the Paleozoic, are stratified and do not differ greatly
in character and appearance from some of the Paleozoic strata, notably
the red Supai and Hermit formations, but, unhke the Paleozoic
strata, they have been tilted from the horizontal position in which
they were originally deposited, so that they are inclined at various
angles. These Algonkian rocks have been named the Grand Canyon
series. The few obscure fossils found in them are so poorly preserved
that they tell very little concerning the primitive life of the period.
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14 GRAND CANYON NATIONAI/ PAKK

OEKAT UNCONFOKMITIES

E&ch of these two great rock systems — the Archean and the Algon-
kian — is separated from the one that overlies it by a nearly even
surface that cuts across or truncates all underlying beds or masses.
This truncation marks what is known to geolc^ists as an uncon-
formity. Each unconfonnity means that the rocks below it were
worn down by atreuus or waves to a nearly level surface before the
material that formed the overlying rocks was deposited.

The top of the Paleozoic series is also marked as an unconformity,
for although the Paleozoic beds are the highest that appear in the
wall of the Grand Canyon they actually once lay beneath a later thick
series of horizontal deposits. The traveler who comes to the Grand
Canyon from the north descends step by step in southem Utah a
great series of cliffs and terraces carved in horizontal beds, much like
the Paleozoic. The most noted scenic features of southem Utah —
Zion Canyon, Bryce Canyon, and the Vermihon, White, and Pink
cliffs^are carved in these beds, which overlie the Paleozoic and repre-
s^it deposits of later systems, the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous,
which are of Mesozoic age, and part of a still later system, the Tertiary.
These later beds once extended across the entire r^ion in which the
Grand Canyon lies, covering it to a thickness at least twice as great
as the canyon is deep, but nearly all of them have been worn away
by erosion. A few small masses of them still remain as huttes on the
Coconino Plateau south of the Grand Canyon. One of these, Red
Butte, lies 15 miles south of El Tovar. Another, Cedar Mountain,
hes 2 miles east of the rim of the Grand Canyon near Desert View.
Cedar Mountain is interesting because the formation that caps it,
the Shinarump conglomerate, contains logs of petrified wood. The
petrified forests of Arizona (Petrified Forest National Monument),
which lie southeast of the Grand Canyon r^on, occur in a formation
that immediately overlies the Shinarump conglomerate and that is
etxposed over wide areas hut has been removed from Cedar Mountain
and Red Butte by erosion.

The rock record just described is laid bare in the Grand Canyon
and in the cliffs of southem Utah with the clearness of a diagram, so
that the sequence of geologic events in the r^on can be read from
it with ease and certainty. The unconformity that truncates the
Archean rocks means that an enomioua thickness of overlying rock
had been removed from them before the Algonkian beds that now
lie upon them were deposited, and consequently that a vast region,
once high and mountainous, was reduced by erosion through long
ages to the level plain represented by the unconfonnity.

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GRAND CANYOK NATIONAL PARK 15

When the land had been worn down to a plain it sank and was
buried imder at least 12,000 feet of mud and sand that now form
the Grand Canyon series of Algonkian age. After these beds had
thus accumulated they were uphfted, tilted, and broken into huge
blocks that must have fonned high ranges of mountains. Then
followed a long period of erosion, during which the mountains were
worn down nearly to a ^lain. This plain is represented by the
unconformity that separates the eroded Archean and Algonkian
rocks from the overlyii^ horizontal Paleozoic strata. Exposed
as it is for the entire length of the Granite Gorge and for many
miles upstream from the Granite Gorge, and visible everywhere
from the rim of the canyon, this unconformity is the most spec-
tacular known illustration of such a feature. It was not so even
a surface as the older unconformity, for some of the hard sand-
stones of the tilted Algonkian blocks long resisted erosion and stood
as low hills on the plain. A section of one of these bills is visible
in the canyon wall from EI Tovar. It Ues under Cheops Pyramid,
just west of the mouth of Bright Angel Creek, and it rises well above
the base of the Paleozoic beds, which were deposited around it.

STTBHEBOENCE, DEFOSITION, DFUFI, AND SBOSION

At the end of Algonkian time the land was again submerged, and
the horizontal PaJeozoic, Mesozoic, and early Tertiary strata were
slowly deposited. The time consumed by the deposition of these
strata, whose aggregate thickness exceeds 15,000 feet, was long,
even in the geologic sense of the word "long," for it must be esti-
mated in millions rather than in thousands "of years, spanning as
it does the countless ages during which life was evolved from the
primitive marine shellfish to the apelike predecessor of man. Yet
it was short in comparison with the time consumed by the succession
of events recorded before the Paleozoic strata were laid down, for
that earher period was inconceivably long, certainly far longer
than all the time that has elapsed from the beginning of the Paleozoic
era to the present day.

In Tertiary time the region was ^ain uplifted and a period of
erosion b^an. Streams cut channels into the surface of the land and
in time fonned broad valleys, which thus continued to expand imtil
at last most of the land stood but little above the level of the sea.
At the end of this period of erosion, which is sometimes called the
great denudation, most of the strata above the Paleozoic had been
removed from the Grand Canyon region; their edges had been worn
back northward 50 miles to the border of Utah, and the surface
of the region had been reduced to a nearly even plain. The present
course of the Colorado River must have been determined by a topog-
raphy different from that of to-day, for in most of the region that

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16 QBAND CANYON NATIONAl. PARK

lies within the national park, as one may see at El Tovar, the land
south of the canyon slopes directly away from its rim, so that th«
canyon runs across instead of down a slope.

FOLDING AND FAULTING

The uphfts of the r^on that raised the Paleozoic and Mesozoic
strata in Tertiary time were very differeQ,t from those recorded be-
neath the unconformities in the canyon walls. The rocks were not
compressed and folded, like the Archean, nor were they broken into
tilted masses, like the Algonkian; instead, the whole region was lifted
bodily, the strata still preserving essentially the horizontal attitude
in which they were laid down. Yet the uplift was not equal over all
parts of the region. If, for example, we should cross the Eaibab
Plateau from east to west, say from House Rock Valley to Ryan, we
should find the limestone strata at its western margin ending sud-
denly in a cliff and appeuring again 1,500 feet below, on the surface
of the plateau on the west — the Eanab Plateau. Such a break,
along which the starta on one side have slipped past those on the
other, is known as a fault. At the eastern margin of the plateau we
should fiad the strata bending suddenly downward in a great curve
returning again as sharply to a horizontal attitude, and continuing
eastward as the surface of the Marble Platform. This type of dis-
location is known as a flexure, or fold.

The uplifted Grand Canyon r^on is divided into great horizontal
plateau blocks like the Eaibab Plateau by dislocations of the type
just described, either folds or faults, that trend north and south; and
the Grand Canyon crt>sses these plateaus from east to west. The
name of each plateau has been given to the section of the canyon that
crosses it. Thus the section of the canyon that transects the Kaibab
Plateau is known as the Kaibab division. The Grand Canyon
National Park includes all the Kaibab and part of the next western
division — the Kanab.

In addition to the great dislocations that separate the plateaus
there are numerous small faults and folds in the r^on, some of them
in the Grand Canyon. Many visitors who have noticed the faults
ask whether the canyon does not owe ita origin or at least its course to
a fault, but although geolc^ists have studied the canyon at many
(daces they have found no evidence of the existence of such a frac-
ture. If it existed it could not have escaped notice, so perfect are
the exposures of the beds in the rocky walls along the ntmierous
turns of the nver. Nor do any considerable parts of the canyon
coincide with faults. On the oUier hand, it may be said that faults
have guided the course of many tributary gorges in the Grand Can-
yon, and even some parts of the course of the river, thoiigh not in the
way popularly supposed. Erosion, not dislocation, lus been the

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QBAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK 17

chief ageDt that detenuined the course of each gorge. Movement
along some of the faults, by crushing the adjacent rock, has formed
zones of weakness, which, under the searching action of erosion, have
become ravines or gorges. An example is the gorge of Garden Creek,
which is followed by the Bright Angel Trail in front of El Tovar.
The course of this gorge has been determined by a small fault, which
has shattered the great cliffs of the Coconino sandstone and Redwall
limestone and has made possible the construction of the trail. The
strata have been displaced about 100 feet by the faults, those on the
west side having been relatively elevated.

THE WORK OF MAKING THE CANTON

During the last great uplift of the region, which may still be in
progress and which has raised the plateau to its present height, the
land rose so gradually that the river remained in its original chan-
nel and kept cutting deeper and deeper. The canyon is thus deep
because the land is high and because in this arid region the river,
fed by the rains and snows of the Rocky Mountains and armed with
great quantities of mud and sand and gravel, washed into it by its
tributaries, has lowered its bed faster than its tributaries could
lower the adjacent plateau. But, although the Colorado River has
thus dug the canyon, the various forms of rock sculpture seen in
the walls of the canyon have been determined by variations in the
behavior of the beds under the attack of the ^ents of erosion. And
this erosion is still going on. The observer of to-day who stands in
awe on the brink of the canyon or who finds his way precariously
down the trails that lead to its depths should realize that tiie work
of making this mighty chasm is not yet finished. The various agents
that have modeled the canyon— the rushing torrent below and the
small streams that descend to join it, the intermittent rain and
snow and frost, and those subtle yet effective chemical activities
that aid in the decay of the rocks, and, above all, the ever dominant
pull of gravity on all loose particles — all are still at work on this
wonderful piece of earth sculpture. In the Grand Canyon of to-day
we see the accumulated results of the action of powers that appar-
ently leave from year to year but slight tracw of their action but
that, persisting in their work through uncomputed ages, have pro-
duced results of marvelous immensity.

HISTORV OP THE CANYON ■

Don Lopez de Cardenas, of Coronado's expedition, discovered the
Grand Canyon in 1540, as a result of stories told by the Hopi (Moquis)
Indians to Don Pedro de Tovar. The old records describe a chasm
which seemed to be more than 3 or 4 leagues across in an air line —
"f«« auia mas de tres o guatro leffuas por el ayre."

• Fumbbed by oourteay ol Ftefleric

1 1» Google

18 GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PAEK

For a long period thereafter the Grand Canyon region and the
Colorado River remained practically unknown. It k next recorded
as having been seen by two Spanish priesta in 1776; Padre GarceB
crossing eastward from the lower Colorado to the Hopi towns, who
halted, he says, "at the sight of the most profound caxones which
ever onward continue, and within these flows the Colorado," and
Fadre Escalaate, who, in searching for a place to cross from the north
after his failure to proceed westward from Santa Fe to Monterey,
finally foimd the old Ute ford, used by Indians for centuries, near the
foot of Glen Canyon (in latitude 37°), and by means of it was able
to reach Zuni. The ford then became known as El Vado de los
Padres — the Crossing of the Fathers — for long the only known cross-
ing of the Colorado in a distance of several hundred miles.

The first American to visit the region was James O. Pattie, accom-
panied by his father. They trapped beaver on the lower Colorado
in 1825 and 1826. In 1826, returning eastward, they traveled for
13 days, following, apparently, the Grand CMiyon as well as they
could, but unable to reach the river at any point, till at last they
arrived at a place where the river " emerges from these horrid moun-
tains." This was the first extended trip on record of any human
being along the brink of the Grand Canyon.

The same year that the Patties went to the lower Colorado, 1825,
General Ashley, in pursuit of his fuivtrading enterprise, attempted to
descend Green River from near the present crossing of the Union
Pacific Railway. They were forced after great hardship to give up
the effort in the Uinta Valley.

The famous American trapper and pioneer, Jedediah Smith, crossed
the river goiog west io the Mohave country in 1826 and again in 1827.
In this latter year the Patties returned to the lower Colorado and
trapped down the river from the mouth of the Gila in dugouts, the
first navigators of this portion since Alarcon, of the Coronado expe-
dition, came up in 1540. Quite unexpectedly they made the ac-
quaintance of the great bore at the mouth of the river, where they
were in waters that Lieutenant Hardy, of the British Navy, had
entered the year before.

Other trappers after beaver then followed into the region, and the
Government began sending out exploring parties. One of these
under Sitgreaves crossed the Colorado in 1851 about 150 miles above
Yiuna, and three years later another imder Whipple, surveying for
a railway along the thirty-fifth parallel, crossed a few miles above the
mouth of Bill WiUiams Fork.

When the California gold rush developed one trail of the Forty-
niners led down the Gila and across the Colorado at its mouth, and
now various activities on the lower river began. The first steamboat
was brought to the mouth of the Colorado and up it in 1852. It was
named the Uiicle Sam.

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GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PABK 19

Edward F. Beale, surveying a Grovemment wagon road, crossed
and recrossed in 1857 and 1S58, near the mouth of Bill Williams
Fork, and in 1858, January, the Government exploriilg expedition
under Lieutenant Ives proceeded from the mouth up the river in a
small stem-wheel iron steamer, the Explorer, as far as the foot of
Black Canyon, whence the ascent was continued in a small boat to
the mouth of the Vegas Wash. This was not the first steamer up,
however, as Captain Johnson, of a commercial navigation company,
had steamed up and passed with his steamboat clear through Black
Canyon to its head some days before, mainly to " get ahead " of Ives,
who had earlier displeased Johnson. Ives then proceeded overland
to the mouth of Diamond Creek ^d to the Hopi towns via Havasu
Canyon.

"It seems intended by nature," says Lieutenant Ives, after vainly
trying to reach the rim, " that the Colorado River, along the greater
part of its lonely and majestic way, shall be forever unvisited and
undisturbed . ' '

This same year of 1858 saw the first crossing on record of the
Colorado from the north, since Esclante, by white men. This was
accomplished by Jacob Hamblin, a weU-known Mormon, a mission'
ary and Indian agent, from Utah to the Hopi towns. An Indian
guided him to the Ute ford (Crossing of the Fathers) and he used it
thereafter almost yearly. These Mormons for long years were the only
persons besides Navajos and Utes to cross the river anywhere. The
ford, known to few, was difficult and dangerous at all times and
impossible except at low water.

In 1862 Hamblin went around the Grand Canyon by the west end
to the Hopi towns and returned by the Crossing of the Fathers at the
east end, practically, as Marble Canyon begins a few miles below.
The next year he went again around by the west end to the Hopis,
visiting the "hermit" tribe, the Havasupais, in their deep canyon
home, on the way, the first white man on record to do so
after Lieutenant Ives. The party returned to St. George around
the west end of the Grand Canyon. Nobody, as yet, went to the
rim and there was no known crDssLag of the Grand Canyon itself
anywhere by white men.

Another attempt to descend Green Biver from the California Trail
(near the present Union Pacific Railway) was made in 1849, by
WUliam Manly and party. They expected to find a shorter and
easier road to the California gold fields. After a hard time they
emerged into Uinta Valley, where they met the noted Ute chief
Wakar ("Walker"), who was good to them and urged them not to
try to go farther down the river.

In 1867 a man named James White was picked up from a raft near
CaUville, below the mouth of the Vii^in, in an exhausted condition,
and those who aided him immediately but erroneously assumed that

iLyGOOglC

20 GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PABE

he hod come down through the Grand Canyon, the result of an igno-
rance as great on tiieir part as on that of White. He knew nothing
about tiie interior of the great canyon and mentioned that he had run
one big rapid, whereas he should have mentioned hig rapids by the
dozen.

So nothing became definitely known about the mysterious interior
of the Orand Canyon or of the canyons of the Colodaro Biver shove,
as far as the Uinta Valley on Green Biver until Maj. John Wesley
Powell, one-armed veteran of the Civil War, made his famous passage
of all the canyons. He started with nine men and four boats from
Green River City, Wyo. (on the Union Pacific Railway, then the only
railway across the continent), on May 24, 1869. One of the men left
the party (Goodman) , disheartened, in the Uinta Valley.

The terrifying waterfalls and underground pass^es described by
trappers and Indians were not found, but the declivity was often
extremely great and continuous (as in Cataract Canyon, where it is
continuous for about 20 miles), producing violent cataracts, with
huge waves and a water, velocity of over 20 miles an hour, frequently
studded with giant rocks.

The trip was one of incredible hardship and danger, led by the
Major with his one left arm, the other having been lost at the Battle
of Shiloh. The plunging rapids in the whole length of the journey
numbered several hundred to overcome the 6,000 feet difference in
altitude between Green River City and the sea. The boata were
often upset and the passage of many of the rapids was perilous to a
degree. Frequently the party would be forc&d to embark on long
foaming declivities without being able to discover what other, per-
haps greater, falls might lie around the precipitously walled bends in
front of them.

One of the boats, some of the scientific instnmients, and a consider-
able amount of the food supply were lost in the Canyon of Lodore ; and
some that was rescued had to be left, as the remaining boats were
overloaded. For weeks the clothing of the adventurers was never
dry; and when they finally entered the mighty depths of the Grand
Canyon itself, in August, there was tittle food remaining.

The sharpest rapids occur in the granite, and the first Granite
Gorge, running past the Powell Monimient, contains the worst por-
tion of the whole river. When, therefore, another " (^anite Goi^"
developed below Diamond Creek, the men, stalwart and full of nerve
though they were, having become somewhat demoralized by lack of
food and the tremendous strain, were disheartened. Three of them
consequently announced that they would go no farther.

This was desertion, but they preferred it to ristdi^ the difficulties
they saw ahead. They believed they could climb out and reach the
well-known Mormon settlements on the north, and they behoved a
river party would be lost or starve.

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OBAND CANYON NATIONAL PABK 21

"At one time," says Powell in his report, "I almost concluded to
leave the river. But for years I have been contemplating this trip.
To leave the exploration unfinished, to say that tWe is a part of
the canyon which I can not explore, having already almost accom-
plished it, is more than I am willing to acknowledge, and I determine
to go on. * * * For the last time they entreat H3 not to go on,
and tell us that it is madness to set out in this place." The same
appeal that Dunn made to Hawkins, the cook of the party, as Haw-
idns himself teUs it.

William R. Hawkins, writing of this in after years, says the three
men had "made up their minds to go, and Dunn said he hated to
leave Hall fmd myself, as we had been together a long time, uid that
we would perish in the river. [Note the fear of the river which had
devdoped in the minds of at least three.] While we were talking,
the major came up to me and laid his left arm [he had no right]
across my neck, tears running down his cheeks. By that time the
rest of the boys were present, and the major said tQ me: 'Bill, do
you really mean what you say' [that he would stick to the major on
the river]? I told him that 1 did, and he said that if he haid one
man that would stay with him that he would not abandon the river.
I just simply said that he did not know his party."

He certainly had reason, with three men about to desert, to believe
that others might. The other five were true, however, and it is only
just to say that one of the deserters would have stood true, also, had
it not been for his brother, who was determined to leave. They all
then drank coffee tt^etber. The boat party went on, the deserters
climbed out on the north, each party thinking the other party doomed.
The deserters would have fared well enough and would have arrived
at the Mormon settlements had it not been that the Shewits Indians
on the plateau beheved, or said later that they believed, that these
were miners who had conmiitted depredations on a tribe to the south.
The men were therefore killed not far from Mount Dellenbaugb, and
their clothing, rifles, ete., appropriated.

Powell's journal of this famous voyage is one of the most fascinating
tales of adventure in literature. A large part of his meager notes
having been lost, Powell repeated the trip on a more extensive basis
in 1871 and 1S72, obtaining then the data on which his report was
based. There is no account of this second, vital expedition except in
A Canyon Voyage, by Frederick S. Dellenbaugb, a member of that
party. Afterwards Powell became director of the United States Geo-
logical Survey and of the Bureau of Ethnology, which he established.
99582"— 24 1 5

22 GRAND CANTON NATIONAL PABK

THE CANYON AS A RESORT

The Grand Canyon is very mucli more than a wonder place or a
scientific museum on a titanic scale. It is a pleasure resort of the
first order. It may be visited any day in the year. The railroad to
the South Rim is always running and the hot^ always open. When
most other resorts aTe closed the Grand Canyon is easily accessihie.

During the winter snow falls in the pine forest along the rim ; and
though the upper portions are snow covered, the trails into the can-
yon are open and safe; the floor of the canyon is warm and comfort-
able the year round. When nipping frosts redden cheeks on the
rim, the most fr^;ile Aowots are blooming in the canyon.

The weather in July and August is warm but not hot on the rim;
the altitude takes care of that. There are cool mornings, evenings,
and nights no matter how warm it may be at midday.

Arizona is a land of sunshine; the air is dry and the winds are light.
While spring and fall are more attractive than midsiunmer or mid-
winter, all the seasons have ea«h its special charm. From December
to March snow is more or less abundant on the rim and a few himdred
feet down the trail. Camping-out parties must then confine them-
selves to the inner canyon, which is more comfortable than the rim areas.

THE NORTH BIM OF THE CANYON

There is a remarkable difference between the north and south rims.
The north rim, a thousand feet higher, is a colder country clothed
with thick, lusty forests of spruce and pine with no su^estions of the
desert. Springs are foimd here and deer are plentiful. It is a region
soon to be used by hundreds of campers-out.

The views from the north rim are markedly diflferent. One there
sees close at hand the vast temples which form the background of
the south riig view. One looks down upon them, and beyond them
at the distant canyon floor and its gaping gOT^e which hides the
river; and beyond these the south rim rises like a great streaked flat
wall, and beyond that again, mUes away, the dim blue San Fran-
cisco Peaks. It is certainly a spectacle full of sublimity and charm.
There are those who, having seen both, consider it the greater. One
of these was Dutton, whose description of the view from Point Sub-
lime has become a classic. But there are many strenuous advocates
of the superiority of the south rim view, which displays close at hand
the detail of the mighty chasm of the Colorado, and views the monster
temples at parade, far enough away to see them in full perspective.

lie trail trip to the north rim in now perfectly feasible by the
completion of the Kaibab suspension bridge over the Colorado
River and the repairs on the Kaibab Trail up Bright Angel Canyon.
It is about 32 nules from Grand Canyon to the Wylie Way Camp
on Bright Angel Point. About 12 nules are made the first day,
stopping overnight at Phantom Ranch; the remaining 20 miles are
covered the second day.

QBAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK 28

Auto transportation and rates for reaching this side of the park
from the north are ^ven on page 55.

TABLES OP DISTANCES AND ALTITUDES

ROADS

Otand Canyon

Boad to Havasapal

TrtiltoHanult Kest

Pomll Manorial

Hopi Point...

MdwTo Point

The Abyss

Ciit.off to Hennit Rcat...

PiflonCove

Pima Point

CDt«ff to Onuid Canyon.
HfnnitBtst

Trail to Natural Bridges.
Bead of Hermit Trail....

Administrative beadquorten of Orand Canyon

National Paik.
ro HavasQpai Indian Bceervatlon, 17 miles

Trail, 5 miles.
Memorial to Ma]. Job

Fine view. Sometlmt

Hennit Rest or Hermit
. Wealey Powell, Sentl-

ler, with Hermit

Looking down from tbe Oreat Mol
Old road to Hennit Best.
Orore ol pUlon pines.

Creek Cabins vfalL

Old road lo Onmd Canyon, G mi es.
IntetestiOE Bwey leet bouse. Ught ra

Nataral Bridges in UmestoDe. t mile.

Hermit Creek Cab

OBAND CANYON,

ORAND

VIEW, DESERT VIEW ROAD-ORAND CANYON TO
DESERT VIEW— 30 MILES

DlstaDcernim—

«„„..

Place

g^i

te'

Remark!

.60

1.60
2. BO

4.30
S.30

10.10
12. 2S

IS. 25

14. ai

It BO

ilOa

ao.00

29^10

24.70
23. DO

10,00

16.80

1&20
14.30

6,025
6,800
6,S«0

Road to Yavapai Polnt_.

yon Nation^ Park.
View ot canyon and river EJilbab Suspen-
sion Bridge vlaiWa beneath.

Trail to YakI Point

quarters district.
Trail through loreat. Sometimes called Cr*

S^lfJ^lS^t'ai.to Orand View.

KiSaS;:::::

Long Jim Canyon, east

I-xsJly called Inspiration Point, e.Smtles.
Cbecktng station. Take right-hand road to
Maine, Williams, and Flagstaff.

ASEhe tot tS^'^"by ^Us in flghtlng

Grand View Hotel

Grand View Camp
OrouDdi>.

J. 400

Old stage hotel. Not in operation lor many
years. Highest point on south rim.

season May to Oel«ber.
Old home at Capt. Jobn Hance, Oist seUler on
rimolOrand Canyon.

Park boundary

UBAND CANYON NATIONAL PABK

■OADS^-CviUniMd
GRAND CANYON, R0WE8 RANCH. TUBA CITY

MOENKOPI, FLAGSTAFF

DtatMratroni-

Altl-

Plaw

c°S?.

"■""'

mhu

'«*.

Man.
rtagawn to arand Can-
yooTlaMtiliH.

DlstMOBtrom-

tude

PlK»

Orand

CttDJOO

Renvwts

Jfltti

.70

7.00
O.IM

12.50

14.00
IB.*}
17.80

laoo

n.*o

31.30

33; 70

llOa
X9.10

32.50
31.21

39.60
20. M

2s.a)

!3,30
10,20

Fttl

«,87S

^aJO

0,800

SSf."^"™"."-*-::

H^'weiUT^ Md Topombys Spring tb«

Jess

Old rood lo Orand Vlev..

saSiiis;;

0,462
6,376
0,340

0,236

Road to Bowe W«U Tannr irtstiDn.
-RangiM sUtlon, NaUotui Pufc Beirlca. Tele-
phone.
To HennJl Trail, Hennil Bartn. and Bermit

Trail to DripplnR Springs. Fine spring and
good tisU,£ miles. Fin tools.

UalMd atMte Oeoksical Rurrar bencb mark.

DrippiDE Bprings tool

BS?:fe-n,»,..P„it,d
Stjto, QeoiogioBi Sui-

RoSlto Bbm Cmdp

StBt«s OealodCBl Sur-

8,071

0,081

irntted eisUe Gsoli«icBl Burvey taeocli nurk.

Indian pasture.

B^r«k

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GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PABK
BOADS— CODtlnued

APPROACH ROAD, (

Dlstancs fram-

Altitude

0^^

Th?

.W
iM

9.W
10.00
91.00
M.OO
04.00
79.00
S4.D0

IfOit
M-OO

03.3$

S3. 10
(0.70

GS.IIO

H.IO
M.00
4100
1(1.00

IS. 00
20. m

«.87S
«,8»0

Floe view of canyoD. Kalbab Suspension

CMU^^^SftSiiieh drift fer,«.
RitnmttBtlon. All can stop and reslitw.

a^ oMrance to Oraod Canyon National

Raed to YBTBpal Point..

WUliun* Rt»d cbe.ilng
aUtiOQ.

S,718

Left-liand fork to Miloe, Arii.

e.m

Neareit sbopptng point to Oiand Cau]>on,

y ZION NATIONAL PARK—

WyUe Hay Camp

Noith rim ranseratotlan.

Nortb entntnce Orand
CuD^nNatlonalPaik.
De Motto Park

Pleasant Vallej --..„-—-.

East Lake.."'."""--'";
Jacob's Lake lookout

Jacob's I.ake ranger sta-
tion, Fonat Service.
Drift fence -.

Kenab

Pipe brings

Cedar Momitsin

Hooae, Antelope Springs.

Red Creek

Short Creek

Top Hiurlcana latllt

Bntrlcaoe

Zloo NatloDBl Park

North entraooe to Oiand Canron >

Park.
A typical park or meadow. Rente o

Bange of whlle-taUed squiirels.
Forest Sorrico rangoc station.

la north of the Orand

of thfl solid rock

Sheep corrals.

. Boring formerly
In tlie stockade.

It HoirlGBiie fault.

Vtah'9 DiiJe. PopulatioD, 1,011.

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GRAND Canyon hatiohal park

ROADS— CoDtluued

, QRAND CANYON n

AlUtude

Qnnd
CBDyon

„-^

fi-fiO

9.90

22.00
66.00

69:70
6S.50
5110

8.00

F«(

RoBdtoYBTBpaiPolDt:-

National Part. Hotels, Inloraifltloii, Btc.

Bridge and Phantom Sanch Ttsible b^neati.

Park.

r.u.,..^

.,.„„

Onrnd
Canyon

^rS"

.«
3.70

e^oo

11.00

J1.60

13.00
19.00
17.00

17, BO

19.09

29.00

troa

29. M
27. BO
20.30

23.00
22.70
2L00

19.00

18.M
17, 00

12 20

aoo
«.oa

4.00
1. 00

Fitt
«,87S

e.8«6

4,850

3,878

"S." ■*" ^■"

Tnrti.n n»M.n.

Creek. Former home ol Indians.

3,«60

Bright Angel Trail.
Raneercamp. Not always occupied.

Head of^^^b Trail....
KalbabBiupen^OD bridge

4,000
2,600

SiMO
2,960
3,760
8,840

aiow

t^
^200

8,150

8,250

"St'£S",!SSKSiffL,°.a

H«ad ot Box Canyon

Near end ol gramte in Br«ht Aneel Creek.

wall.

Beavet Creek.

Sprine on top oC red naQ.
Gndcrdimb, Northrlm,

SS^S^rcaCV.:::::-

North rim ranger station
WyUe Way Camp

InlormatloD service.
AccomroodatloBS lor north rim visltora.

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GRAND CANYON NATIONAL FABS

TRAILS— 21 MILES

Di^anoofrom-

AlHtode

Remarks

Plwn

Orand
Canyon

Cabins

2.50
CM

:oo

IS. 00

21.00

18.50
17.30

18,70

i&ao

19.60
13.80
1200
B.50

ROO

200

6^878

4.860
3,87S

a,7S0

Isso

.fllO

,M0
,200

!l40

Grove of cottoowood trees watered by Qard

Creak. Former home ollndlatu.
RteSt-hand !ork to Colorado Kiver and Can

View ot gorge, rlvw, cte.
Locally called Hell's Hall Acre.

Butte ceBed AlUialor on left.
Good wat«r.
Very scenic.

H«*nd? Rapids"' '*""•

g=S&"""""

Colorado Klver, foot
Henntt TraU.

> CANYON TO HERMIT CREEK CABINS THROUGH WOODS AND
TRAIL— 12 MILES

Dlstaucelram-

Altitude

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Place

Orand

Hermit

MiUi

5.00
6.30

e.00

7! 00
9.00
10.00
12.00

idle.

12.00

7.00
dTO

&00

6.00

200

8,875

3; 000

rSS w^e MarsbaJ FocS sat tor

more smoking his pipe December
TraQ to RoweW'ell Road.
TraU to Dripping Springs and Boi.

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Fine Haivey camp.

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Marshal Foch Eoct

Bit hour or

ichor TrelL

SHGRT WALES NEAR GRAND CANYON

Place

ssj?

By-

ffl

Remarks

The Lookout-Telescope

JfJIu

.!?!?""

F,el
8.866

6,860

6,870

5,867
3,87fl

Observator Curiosonsale

4 west

Pi^^h Ro^, Hole

Rim lOot trail

QrandCanyon

Rim lOot trail.
Bright A ngelTraD.

Ing picture lecture dally of
voyage throu^ canyon.

Bright Angel Trail. An-
cient Indian plctoerapha.

Marico

view of San Francisco

The Battleahi

2 5norlh

Rdi^ foot trail tram Bright
Angel Trail.

Rim loot trail.

ISaijt

IJieast

S.esoatbwest

Rove WeU Road..

0,681

Telephone.

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28 GEAUD CANYON NATIONAL, PABK

HOW LONG Td STAY

Time required. — While one ought to remain a week or two, a stop-
over of three or four days from the transcontinental trip will be quite
satisfactory. The Hermit Loop overnight trip, down one trail and
up another, requires two days and a night, or more time may be
taken and include Phantom Kanch. One day should be devoted to
an auto ride along the Hermit Sim Road, and by auto to Grand View
and Desert View. Another day go down Bright Angel Trail and back.
A fourth day spent in short walks to nearby points or on horseback
will enable visitors to get more intimate views.

The several trips mentioned above are all well worth while, and the
high plateau above the rim affords many delightful horseback or hik-
ing trips.

The north rim offers the beat opportunity for camping out during
the sunmier months. The high altitude makes the weather uni-
formly cool, while the magnificent forest through which roam thou-
sands of deer creates a delightful setting. There are a number of
springs, and the water supply is not a serious problem.

The National Park Service of the Department of the Interior
recommends to the traveling public that stopovers of as long dura-
tion as practicable be planned at points within the park; that Grand
Canyon National Park be regarded not alone as a region which may
be glimpsed on a hurried trip, but also as a vacation playground for
rest and recreation.

WHAT TO WEAR

If much tramping is done, stout, thick, hobnailed shoes should be
provided. Ladies will find that short walking skirts are a conven-
ience; riding trousers are preferable, but not essential, for the horse-
back j oumey down the zigzag trails. Traveling caps and {in summer)
broad-brimmed straw hats are useful adjuncts. Otherwise ordinary
dothing will suffice. Riding trousers, divided skirts, and straw
hats may be rented at Ei Tovar Hotel.

ADMINISTRATION

Grand Canyon National Park is under the jurisdiction of the
Director, National Park Service, Department of the Interior, Wash-
ington, D. C. The park superintendent, Mr. J. R. Eakin is located
at Grand Canyon, Ariz., and information, maps, and pamphlets
may be obtained at the office, where visitors are cordially welcomed.
The office of the superintendent is 100 yards east of the Grand
Canyon Railway.

The park. El Tovar Hotel, the Bright Angel cottages, and the
cabins at Hermit Creek and Phantom Ranch at the mouth of Bright
Angel Creek are always open. Accommodations may be had at
Wylie Way Camp on the north rim during the summer months only.

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GRAND CANYON NATIOKAL PAEK

HOW TO REACH THE PARK

The Grand Canyon National Park is directly reached by a branch
line of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway extending 64 miles
northward from Williams, Ariz. On certain trains through standard

P SHOWING fiAILROAO CONNECTIONS TO GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK

Pullman cars are operated to aad from Grand Canyon station. Pas-
sengers using other trains and stopping over at Williama will find
excellent accommodations at the Fray Marcos, station hotel.

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30 GBAHD CANYON NATIONAL PAEK

Stop-overs, not to exceed 10 days, are granted at Williaius oq all
classes of railroad tickets for a visit to the canyon. Limits of through
railroad tickets will be extended if necessary by agent at Grand
Canyon. Through tickets may include side-trip coupons, Williams
to Grand Canyon and return, at an additional chaise of $9.12.

Round-trip excursion tickets at reduced fares are on sale daily at
practically all stations in the United States and Canada to Grand
Canyon as a destination.

Ba^age may be checked through to Grand Canyon station, if
required. Passengers making brief side trips to Grand Canyon may
check baggage to Williams only or through to destination. Certain
regulations for free storage of ba^age for Grand Canyon passengers
are in effect.

For further information regarding r^lroad fares, service, etc.,
apply to railroad ticket agents, or address:

W. J. Black, passenger traffic manager, Atchison, Topeka &

Santa Fe Kailway system, Chicago, III.
J. B. Duffy, general passenger agent, Atcluson, Topeka &
Santa Fe Railway system. Coast Lines, Los Angeles, Calif.

The Union Pacific delivers tourists for the north rim at Cedar
City, Utah, and the Denver, and Rio Grande Western, at Marys-
vale, The former is approximately 175 miles from the Grand Can-
yon, and the latter approximately 217 miles. Regular stage service
is maintained from both these points to the Grand Canyon National
Park.

Complete information concerning these trips can be had from
W. S. Basinger, passenger traffic manager. Union Pacific

Railroad, Omaha, Nebr.
F. A. Wadleigh, passenger traffic manager, Denver & Rio
Grande Western, Denver, Colo.

Parties making the trip from either of these places to the Canyon
can make an interesting trip covering Bryce Canyon, Cedar Breaks,
and Zion National Park.

If parties desire, they can make the trip from the north, taking in
all these features, cross the canyon and continue their trip on the
Santa Pe Railroad. This can also be reversed, entering the park
via the Santa Fe, crossing the canyon to the north rim, thence by
motor bus to either of the two railways mentioned above, where the
trip may he continued. Arrangements for such a trip should be
made at the time tickets are purchased.

BY AUTOMOBILE

Automobile tourists may leave the National Old Trails Highway,
which is the main east and west highway through Arizona at Maine
or Williams. In wet weather, the latter road is better.

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GRAND CANron NATIONAL PARK

Flagstaff. — ^It is 98 milee from Flagstaff to Grand Canyon via
Williams and it is 83 miles via Maine. At times in early spring,
during summer rains or late fall, it is advisable to inquire at flag-
staff or Williams as to road conditions. The Maine Eoad traverses
more beautiful forests and is more scenic than the Williams Koad,
but is apt to be in worse condition depending upon the amount of

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moisture that has fallen. The town of Flagstaff is located in the
heart of the San Francisco uplift and has good stores and garage
facilities. In this vicinity are prehistoric cliff dwellings, extinct
craters, volcanic cones, lava beds, and ice caves. The summit of
Humphreys Peak, one of the peaks forming the San Francisco Moun-
tains, is 12,750 feet above sea level.

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82 GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK

WiUiatm. — Williams, 64 miles from Graod Canyon, is 34 miles
-west of Flagstaff and 15 miles west of Maine, on the main east and
west highway through Arizona. It is the nearest shopping center
and its stores and garages carry a good s^k of everything necessary
to the automobile tourist. Williams is a center for a number of in-
teresting side trips.

The route from Williams passes Bill Williams Mountain, elevation
9,264 feet, which has seven distinct crests. Red Lake, Howard Lake,
and Anita, nmning along the line of the Grand Canyon Railway.
No suppUes can be purchased between Williams or Maine and Grand
Canyon.

AUTOMOBILE SUPPLIES

At Grand Canyon village is an excellent garage under the manage-
ment of Fred Harvey. Storage, or repair service, as well as gasoline
and oil, may be procured here.

The Babbitt Bros, Trading Co.'s general store at Gh«nd Canyon
carries a full line of groceries and campers' suppUes.

A supply of water for drinking piuposes and for radiation, suffi-
cient to last to Grand Canyon, should be brought from WiUiams or
Flagstaff. Campers may obtain water from the railroad station agent
at Grand Canyon.

PUBUC UTILITIES AND CONVENIENCES

POST OFFICE

The post office (third class), which does all kinds of postal business,
is situated near the Hermit Kim Boad about 400 yards west of the
railroad depot. It is open from S a. m. to 6 p. m. Mail trains
arrive at S.20 a. m. and 3.55 p. m. and leave at 8.20 a. m. and
7.25 p. m.

TELEGRAPH

The Western Union offices at the railroad depot and Ei Tovar
Hotel are open for all business from 7.30 a. m. to 8 p. m.

TELEPHONE

There is telephone connection between El Tovar Hotel, National
Park Service Office, ranger stations. Hermit Cabins, Phantom Ranch,
and the north rim. There is also telephone connection to points out-
side of the park.

LECTURE

Evei^" evening at 8 o'clock a member of the National Park Service
force in this park delivers a lecture, illustrated with moving pictures

GBAND CANYON NATIONAL. PABK 33

sod slides, on Grand Canyon National Park, the surrounding country,
and other of the lai^er national parks. Admission to this lecture,
which is given in the music room at El Tovar Hotel, is free, and all
visitors to the park are invited to attend.

NATKmAL PARK SERVICB STATKmS

Hermit Basin, Pipe Creek on Tonto Trail 2 miles east of Indian
Garden, Grand View Public Camp, Rowe Well ranger station, the
ranger station on the north rim and Grand Canyon.

MEDICAL SERVICE

There is a doctor of long experience in the park and a trained nurse
at El Tovar Hotel. The nearest hospital is at Williams, Ariz. There
is a hospital at Flagstaff, Ariz.

PETRIFIED FOREST NATIONAL MONUMENT

Tourists visiting Grand Canyon National Park either by rail or by
automobile should plan a stop-over at the Petrified Forest National
Monument.

There are three groups of petrified trees in this reservation. The
first forest lies 6 miles south of Adamana, Ariz., a station on -the
main line of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway, and the
second forest is 2i miles south of it. The third or Rainbow Forest
lies 13 miles south of Adamana and 18 miles southeast of Holbrook,
Ariz. It is best to approach the third forest from Holbrook; the
other two are best reached from Adamana.

This area is of great interest because of the abundance of petrified
(coniferous trees which lie scattered about in great profusion. None
are standing as in the Yellowstone National Park. These trees
probably at one time grew beside an inland sea; after falling they
became water-logged and during the decomposition the cell struc-
ture was entirely replaced by silica derived from sandstone in the
surrounding land. Over a greater part of the entire area trees are
scattered in all conceivable positions and in fragments of all sizes.

In the first forest may be seen the well-known natural bridge,
consisting of a laige petrified tree trunk 60 feet long spanning a can-
yon 45 feet wide, and forming a foot bridge over which anyone may
easily pass. The trunks in the Rainbow Forest are larger than else-
where, more numerous, and less broken. Several hundred entire
trees are found here, some of which are more than 200 feet long.
The color of the wood is deeper and more striking than in the other
locahties.

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84 GBAKD CANTON NATIONAI/ PAKK

"There is no other petrified forest," says Prof. Lester F. Ward,
"in which the wood assumes so many varied and interesting forms
and colors, and it 13 these that present the chief attraction for the
general pubhc. The state of mineralization in which much of this
wood exists almost places them among the gems or precious stones.
Not only are chalcedony, opals, and agates found among them, but
many approach the condition of jasper and onyx. The degree of
hardne^ attained by them is such that they are said to make ao
excellent quahty of emery."

ADMINISTRATION

Petrified Forest National Monument is under the jurisdiction of
the Director, National Park Service, Department of the Interior,
Washington, D. 0. The custodian is located in the monument.

COSTS OF TRIPS AND HOl^L ACCOMMODATIONS

Adamana is a small place, consisting chiefly of hotel, post office,
railway station, and a small store (does not handle films or other
camera suppUes). The Forest Hotel has electric lights, sanitary
plumbing, with hot and cold water: Rates: 15.50 per day, Ameri-
can plan; meals only $1 each; 35 guests can be accommodated; in
summer, tent houses also are provided for guests.

From Adamana the following auto trips are made: (1) To the
first and second forests and the natural bridge; (2) to the third or
Rainbow Forest; (3) to the Blue Forest; (4) to the Painted Desert
and the North Sigillaria Forest.

BATES

The round-trip fare from Adamana for trips 1, 3, and 4 is $5 for
one person, $3 per capita for two persons, and $2.50 per capita for
three or more ; round-trip fare for trip 2 is $10, f 6, and $5, respectively.
About one-half day is allotted to each trip, althoi^h three trips can
be made in a day. For a one-day stop-over the trips numbered 1
and 4 are perhaps best suited to give the widest variety in sight-
seeing at this place.

Holbrook, the county seat of Navajo County, has satisfactory
hotel accommodations, with prices about the same as at Adamana.
Round-trip fare from Holbrook to third or Rainbow Forest is $10
for party of two, three, or four persons occupying one car.

Tiie Petrified Forest may be visited from Adamana any day in
the year, except when high waters make the streams temporarily

STOP-OVER ARRANGEMENTS

Stop-overs are allowed at Adamana, not to exceed 10 days, on all
one-way railroad tickets, also on round-trip r^road tickets within
their limits.

To obtain stop-overs on one-way railroad tickets, notify train
conductor and deposit tickets with agent immediately after arrival;
on round-trip tickets notify train conductors.

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GRAND CANTON NATION AL PABK 35

RULES AND REGULATIONS

(Approred Febraaiy 30, 1922. to coDHmie In [orcc and effect tmtU otbarvisa •Unicted b; the Secretary

o[ the Intcrkc)

CraiEBAL RBCUIATIONS

The foUowmg rules and r^ulations for the government of the
Grand Canyon National Park are hereby estabhshed and made public
pursuant to authority conferred by the act of Congress approved
August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 536), as amended June 2, 1920 (41 Stat.
732), and the act of February 26, 1919 (40 Stat. 1175) :

1. Preservation of naiural features avd curiosities. — The destruc-
tion, injury, defacement, or disturbance in any way of the pubHc
buildings, signs, equipment, or other property, or the trees, flowers,
v^etation, rocks, mineral, animal, or bird, or other hfe is prohibited:
Provided, That flowers may be gathered in small quantities when,
in the judgment of the superintendent, their removal will not impair
the beauty- of the park.

2. Camping. — No camp shall be made along roads except at desig-
nated localities. Blankets, clothing, hammocks, or any other article
likdy to frighten teams shall not be hung near the road.

Many successive parties camp on the same sites during the season;
therefore camp grounds shall be thoroughly cleaned before they are
abandoned. Tin cans, bottles, cast-off clothing, and all other debris
^all be placed in garbage cans or pits provided for the purpose.
When camps are made in unfrequented localities where pits or cans
may not be provided, all refuse shall be burned or hidden where it
will not be offensive to the eye.

Campers may use dead or fallen timber only for fuel.

3. Fires. — ^Fires constitute one of the greatest perils to the park;
they shall not be kindled near trees, dead wood, moss, dry leaves,
forest mold, or other vegetable refuse, but in some open space on
rocks or earth. Should camp be made in a locahty where no such
open space exists or is provided, the dead wood, moss, dry leaves,
etc., shall be scraped away to the rock or earth over an area con-
siderably lai^er than that required for the flre.

Fires shall be lighted only when necessary and when no longer
needed shall be completely extinguished, and all embers and beds
smothered with earth or water, so that there remains no possibility
of reignition.

FiipwUI care shall be taken that no Uflhleil mateh, dgar, or dgarette li droppol In any gnu. Iwlgs.

4.- Hwntijig.— The park is a sanctuary for wild life of every sort,
and hxinting, killing, wounding, capturing, or frightening any bird or
animal in the park, except dangerous animals when it is necessary to
prevent them from destroying life or inflicting injury, is prohibited.

The outflts, including guns, traps, teams, horses, or means of trans-
portation used by persons ei^aged in hunting, killing, trapping, en-

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36 GKAND CANYON NATIONAl- PARK

snaring, or capturing birds or wild animals, or in possession of game
killed on the park lands under circumstances other than prescribed
aboTe, shall be taken up by the superintendent and held subject to
the order of the Director of the National Park Service, except in cases
where it is shown by satisfactory evidence that the outfit ia not the
property of the person or persons violating this r^ulation and the
actual owner was not a party to such violation. E^earms are pro-
hibited in the park except on written permission of the superin-
tendent. Visitors entering or traveling through the park to places
beyond shall at entrance report and surrender lUl firearms, traps,
nets, seines, or explosives in their possession to the first park officer
and in proper cases may obtain his written leave to carry them
through the park sealed. The Government assumes no responsi-
bilities for loss or damage to any firearms, traps, nete, seines, or other
property so surrendered to any park officer, nor are park officers
authorized to accept the responsibihty of custody of any property
for the convenience of visitors.

5. i^isAiTi^.— Fishing with nets, seines, trt^ts, or by the use of
drugs or explosives, or in any other way than with book and line, or
for merchandise or profit, is prohibited. Fishing in particular water
may be suspended, or the number of fish that may be taken by one
person in any one day from the various streams or lakes may be regu-
ated by the superintendent. All fish hooked less than 6 inches long
shall be carefully handled with moist hands and returned at once
to the water if not seriously injured. Fish retained shall be killed.
Twenty fish shall constitute the limit for a day's catch, provided that
no more than 20 pounds of trout, bass, crappie, or catfish may be
taken in any one day.

6. Private operatione. — No person, firm, or corporation shall reside
permanently, engage in any business, or erect buildings in the park
without permission in writing from the Director of the National Park
Service, Washington, D. C. Applications for such permission may
be addressed to the Director or to the superintendent of the park.
Permission to operate a moving-picture camera must be secured
from the superintendent of the park.

7. Gambling. — Gambling in any form, or the operation of gambling
devices, whether for merchandise or otherwise, is prohibited.

8. jlfJiwrtisemcn/s.— Private notices or advertisements shall not be
posted or displayed on Government lands within the park, excepting
such as the superintendent deems necessary for the convenience and
guidance of the public.

9. Mining. — The location of mining claims on Government lands
in the park is permitted only with the prior approval of the Secretary
of the Interior.

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GRAND CANTON NATIONAL PARK 37

10. Patented lands. — Owners of patented lands within the park
limite are entitled to the full use and enjoyment thereof; the bounda-
ries of such lands, however, shall be determined and marked and
defined so that thej may be readily distinguished from the park
lands. While no limitations or conditions are imposed upon the
use of private lands so long as such use does not interfere with or
injure the park, private owners ahtill provide against trespass by
their live stock upon the park lands, and all trespasses committed
will be punished to the full extent of the law. Stock may be taken
over the park lands to patented private lands with the written per-
mission and under the supervision of the superintendent, but such
permission and supervision are not required wh^ access to such
private lands is had wholly over roads or lands not owned or con-
trolled by the United States.

Itr- Orazing. — The running at large, herding, or grazing of live
stock of any kind on the Government lands in the park, as well as
tile driving of hve stock over same, is prohibited, except where
authority therefor has been granted by the superintendent. Live
stock found improperly on the park lands may be impounded and
held until claimed by the owner and the trespass adjusted.

12. Auihorized operators. — All persons, firms, or corporations hold-
ing franchises in the park shall keep the grounds used by them
properiy policed and shaU maintain the premises in a sanitary con-
ditioa to the satisfaction of the superintendent. No operator shall
retain in his employment a person whose presence in the park may
be deemed by the superintendent subversive of good order and
management of the park.

All operators shall require each of their employees to wear a metal
bac^e, with a number thereon, or other mark of identification, the
name and the number corresponding therewith, or the identification
mark, being registered in the superintendent's office. These badges
must be worn in plain sight on the hat or cap.

13. Doga and cats. — Cats are not permitted on the Glovemment
lands in the park and dogs only to those persons passing through the
park to the territory beyond, in which instances they shall be kept
tied while crossing the park.

14. i>ead animals.— AH domestic and grazed animals that may die
in the park at any tourist camp or along any of the public thorough-
fares shall be buried immediately by the owner or person having
charge of such animals at least 2 feet beneath the ground, and in no
case less than one-fourth mile from any camp or thoroughfare.

15. Traml on trails. — Pedestrians on trails, when saddle or pack
animals are passing them, shall remain quiet imtil the animals have

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88 GEAND CANYOK NATIONAL. PABK

PersoDS traTeliug on the trails of the park either on foot or on
saddle fnimalH shall not make short cuts but shall confine them-
selves to the main trails.

16. Travel — general. — (a) Saddle horses, pack trains, and horse,
drawn vehicles have right of way over motor-propelled vehicles at
all times.

Q>) On sidehill grades throughout the park motor-driven v^dcs
shall take the outer side of the road when meeting or passing vehicles
of any kind drawn by animals; likewise, freight, baggage, and heavy
camping outfits shall take the outer aide of the road on sidehiU grades
when meeting or passing passenger vehicles drawn by animals.

(c) Load and vehicle weight limitations shall be those prescribed
from time to time by the Director of the National Park Service and
shall be compUed with by the operators of all vehicles using the park
roads. Schedules showing weight limitations for different roads
in the park may be seen at the office of the sup^intendent and at
the ranger stations at the park entrances.

(d) All vehicles shall be eqxiipped with lights for night travel. At
least one Ught shall be carried on the left front side of horse-drawn
vehicles, in a position such as to be visible from both front and re^.

17. Miscellaneous.— {.a) Campers and others shall not wash
clothing or cooking utensils in the waters of the park, or in any
way pollute them, or bathe in any of the streams near the regularly
traveled- thoroughfares in the park without suitable bathing clothes.

Q>) Stock shall not be tied so as to permit their entering any of
the streams of the park. All anunals shall be kept a sufficient dis-
tance from camping grounds in order not to Utter the ground and
make unfit for use the area which may be used later as tent sites.

(c) Campers and all others, save those holding licenses from the
Director of the National Park Servie*, are prohibited from hiring
their horses, trappings, or vehicles to tourists or visitors in the pai^.

(d) All complaints by tourists and others as to service, etc., ren-
dered in the park should he made to the superintendent in writing
before the complainant leaves the park. Oral complaints will be
beard daily during office hours.

18. Fines and penalties. — Persons who render themselves obnox-
ious by disorderly conduct or bad behavior shall be subjected to the
punishment hereinafter prescribed for violation of the foc^cnng
r^ulations and may be summarily removed from the park by the
superintendent and not allowed to return without permission in
writing from the Director of the National Park Service or the super-
intendent of the park.

Any person who violates any of the foregoing regulations shall be
deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to a fine of not
more than $500 or imprisonment not exceeding six months, or both,
and be adjudged to pay all costs of the proceedings.

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QBAND CAKYON NATIONAL PAB£ 89

AUTOMOBILE AND MOTORCYaf REGULATIONS

Pursuant to authority conferred by the act of Congress approved
August 25, 1916 (39 Stat., 535), as amended June 2, 1920 (41 Stat.,
732), and the act of February 26, 1919 (40 Stat., 1175), the follow-
ing regulations covering the admission of automobiles and motors
cycles into the Grand Canyon National Park are hereby established
and made pubhc :

1. Entrances and roads. — ^Automobiles and motorcycles may enter
and leave the park by, and travel over, any of the roads therein
which are open to motor vehicles.

Careful driving is demanded of fdl persona using the roads. The
Grovemment is in no way responsible for any kind of accident.

2. Motorcycles. — Motorcycles are admitted to the park under the
same conditions as automobiles and are subject to the same regula-
tions as far as they are applicable. Automobiles and horse-drawn
vehicles shall have the right of way over motorcycles.

3. Motor tnieka. — Motor trucks may enter the park subject to the
weight limitations prescribed by the Director of the National Park
Service. Schedules showing prescribed weight hmitations for motor
trucks may be seen at the office of the superintendent and at the
ranger stations at the park entrances.

4. Hours. — ^Automobiles shall not enter or leave the park or use
the park roads before 5.30 a. m. or after 10.30 p. m. except in case of
emergency.

5. Intoxication. — No person who is xmder the influence of intoxi-
cating liquor, and no person who is addicted to the use of narcotic
drugs, shall operate or drive a motor vehicle of any kind on the park
roads.

6. Distance apoH; gears ana brakes. — Automobiles while in motion
shall be not less than 50 yards apart, except for purpose of passing,
which is permissible only on comparatively level stretches of roads
or on slight grades. All automobiles, except while shifting gears,
shall retain their gears constantly enmeshed. The driver of each
automobile may be required to satisfy park officers that all parts of
Hs machine, particularly the brakes and tires, are in first-class work-
ing order and capable of making the trip, and that there is sufficient
gasoline in the tank to reach the next place where it may be obtained.
The automobile shall carry at least one extra tire. Motorcycles not
equipped with brakes in good working order are not permitted to
enter the park.

7. Speeds. — Speed is limited to 12 miles per hour on grades and
when rounding sharp curves. On straight open stretches when no
vehicle is nearer than 200 yards the speed may be increased to 20
niiles per hour.

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«i

GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK

%, Horna. — The horn shall be sounded on approaching curves or
atretcbea of road concealed for any considerable distance by slopes,
overhaB^Lng trees, or other obstacles, and before meeting or passing
other automobiles, motorcycles, riding or driving animals, or
pedestrians.

9. Lights. — ^All automobiles shall be equipped with head and tail
lights, the headlights to be of sufficient brilUancy to insure safety in
driving at night, and all lights shall be kept lighted after sunset
when automobile is on the road. Headlights shall be dimmed when
meeting other automobiles, motorcydes, riding or driving animals,
or pedestrians.

10. Muffler cvt-outa. — MufBer cut-outs shall be closed while
approaching or passing riding horses, horse-drawn vehicles, hotels,
camps, or checking stations.

11. Teains. — When teams, saddle horses; or pack trains approach,
automobiles shfdl take the outer ei^e of the roadway r^ardless of
the direction in which they may be going, taking care that suffident
room is left on the inside for the passage of vehicles and animals.
Teams have the right of way, and automobiles shall be backed or
otherwise handled as may be necessary so as to enable teams to pass
with safety. In no case shall automobiles pass animals on the road
at a speed greater than 8 miles an hour.

12. Overtaking vehicles. — ^Any vehicle traveling slowly upon any of
the park roads shall, when overtaken by a faster-moving motor vehicle
and upon suitable signal from such overtaking vehicle, give way to the
right, in case of motor-driven vehicles, and to the inside, or bank side
of the road, in case of horse-drawn vehicles, allowing the overtaking
vehicle reasonably free passage, provided the overtaking vehicle does
not exceed the speed limits specified for the road in question.

14. Fines and penalties.— Any person who violates any of the fore-
going regulations shall he deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall
be subject to a fine of not more than $500, or imprisonment not
exceeding 6 months, or both, and be adjudged to pay all costs of
the proceedings, and such violation shall subject the offender to
immediate ejectment from the park. Persons ejected from the
park will not be permitted to return without prior sanction in writing
from the Director of the National Park Service or the superintendent
of the park.

GRAND CANYON HATIONAL PABK

The foUowii^ maps * may be obtained from the Director of the
United States Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. Kemittances
should be made by money order or in cash.

Shinttuo, 28i by 25 inches, scale about 1 mDe to li inches, contour interval 50 feet.

Bright Angbl, 26 by 20i inches, scale about 1 mile to Ij inches, contour interval
50 feet. An account of the geologic history of the Grand Canyon and a descrip-
tion of the rocks, by L. F. Noble, is printed on the reverse side of the map.

Vishnu, 28 by 21 inches, ecale about 1 mile to 1) inches, contour interval 50 feet.

On the Bbove nups thg loads, trails, and nanue ue printed la black, tlie streams In b!ae, and tti«
nUefls Indlcatad by browD contour lloca.

LITERATURE

GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS

Govemment pnbUcations on Grand Canyon National Park may be
obtained as indicated below. Separate communications should be
addressed to the officers mentioned.

DISTRIBUTED FREE BY THE NATIONAL PABK SERVICE

Map of the western United States.

Stuem the NaUoiu] Part-to-Part HiglnrBy and other roads.

SOLD BY THE SCPEKINTENDBNT OF DOCL'MENT8

The foUowing publications may be obtained from the Superintend-
ent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C,
at the prices indicated. Postage prepaid. Remittances should be
made by money order or in cash,
Gtimpeee of our National Parks. 72 pages, including 31 illustrations, 10 cents.*

Cantatas description ol the most Impoibrnt features of the principal nations] parks.

8 inges. Induding 306

ContaJns Dine chapters, aach doscriptivs ot a national park, and one a larger chapter devoted to other
pijks atid momimaits.

Guidebook of the Western United States, Part C, the Santa Fe Route, with a side
trip to the Grand Canyon of the Colorado, by N. H. Darton and othere. (Bul-
letin 613, U. S. Geological Survey.) 1915. 194 pages, 25 route maps, 42
plates, 40 text figures. 50 cents.*

This guide deacrlbea the country along the Atchison, Topeka ii Banttt Fe BaHway from Kansas City
to Loa Angelea. Altboogb the desoiptlon ol the rock^and theh relations and the scenic festutes form
(large pcopartlon of the matter, aearly every page gives InfO-matlon at to notatile blstorlc Brents, indus-
Wti rasmuoM, plants, aod anhosls. The story ot the Indians, past and preaest, especially the charac-

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42 GEIAND CANYON NATIONAL PABK

tarlBtlc Fueblo Irlbu, Is (old In sama d«t^. Man? of tbe tacU recarding tbe roclu are here pMUtal
for Uw flrsi time. Tbe book caDtslDS numerous views of prominent scenic featuru and plctuna of
neloratioD of some ot the very nmaikabla animals vbose bou«a are found Id tbe dafs.

Eiploratlon of the Colorado River of the West and ita Tributaries, by John
Wesley PoweU. Explored in 1869, 18T0, 1871, and 1872. Pp. 291. Under
the direction of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Dlustrated.
Government Printing Office, Washington, 1875. (Out of print.)

Pre-Cambrian Igneous Rocks of tlie Uukar Terrane, Grand Canyon of the Colo-
rado, Ariz., by C. D. Walcott. U. S. Geol. Surv. 14th Ann. Kept., pt. 2, pp.
497-524, plB, 60-65. 1894. $2.10.

The Grand Canyon. Senate Doc. No. 42, 65th Congress, 1st session, by Thomas
Pulton Dawson, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C, 1917. 67
pp. Price 10 cents.

An aitlde giving credit of flrat travtnEiig the Qrand Casiran to Jamai WUte, a Ctdorado gold pm

Tertiary History of the Grand Canyon District, by Clarence E. Dutton. U. S.

Geol. Surv. Mod., 2,264 pp. iU. and atlas, 1882. $10.
The Shinumo quadrangle. Grand Canyon district, Ariz., by L. F. Noble. U. S.

Geol. Surv. Bull. 549, 1914. 100 pages including 30 illustrations and a colored

geologic map. Price 20 cents.

DMoibea the geology and soanlc itata
Park. Cantahis a detailed account of th

A reconnaissance of the Aicheau complex of the Granite Gorge, Grand Canyon,
Ariz., by L. F. Noble and J. Fred Hunter. U. 8. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper
dS-I, 1916. 20 pages, 3 illustratioas.

Describes the rocks that fonn the walls of the Onmlte aorge In the bottom or tbe CanroD.

A section of the Paleozoic formations of the Grand Canyon at the Bass trail,
by L. F. Noble. U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 131-B, 1922. 50 pages, 15
illustrations.

BffiUOGRAraV

Bell, Ymiiam A. "New Tracks in North America" (a journal of travel and

adventure whilst engaged in the survey for a southern railroad to the Pacific

Ocean during 1867-68, pp. 665). Scribner, Welford &. Co., New York, 1870.
Berton, Francis, Membra Correspondent de la Societi de Get^af^ie de Geneve.

"Un Voyage sur le Colorado." San Francisco, 1S78, pp. 64. Casa Grande,

Tumacacori, Grand Canyon.
Bicknell, P. C. "Guidebook of the Grand Canyon of Arizona." A volume of

interesting facts and gossip. Pp. 97. Copyright by George U. Young, 1903.
Bowles, Samuel. "Our New West," pp. 624; Grand Canyon, pp. 500-S03;

Hartford Publishing Co., Hartford, Conn., 1869.
Conklin, Enoch. "Picturesque Arizona." Pp. 380, Grand Canyon, chap. 322-

335. The Mining Record Printing Establishment, No. 61 Broadway, New

York City, 1878.
Coues, Elliott. "On the Trail of a Spanish Pioneer." Translation of the Diary

and Itinerary of Francisco Garces. 2 vols., F. P. Harper, New York.
Darton, N. H. "Story of the Grand Canyon of Arizona." Pp.81. Published

by Fred Harvey, 1917. (A popular illustrated account of Its rocks and origin.}

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GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK 48

Davis, W, M. " An Escursion to the Grand CaayoD of the Colorado." Pp. 107-
196, HftTvard Univ. Mus. Comp. Zool. Bull. 38, geol. ser., vol. 5, No. 4, 1901.

"The LessoDB of the Colorado Canyon." Pp. 34S-354. American Geo-
graphical See. Bull. 6, vol. 41, 1909.

! a popular accoont ot the ecodoiu] history ot ths araod

Delleabaugh, Frederick S. "A Canyon Voyage." Pp. 277. G. P. Putnam's
Sons, New York. Fully illustrated. (The narrative of the second Powell
espedition down the Green-Colorado River from Wyoming and the explora-
tions on land in the years 1871 and 1872.) Price, $3.50,

"Breaking the Wilderness." Pp. 360. G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York,

1905. FuUy illustrated. Grand Canyon chapter, pp. 318-327. Price, $3.50.

— — "The Romance of the Colorado River," Pp. 401. G. P. Putnam's Sons,
New York. Fully illustrated. (A complete account of the discovery and of
the explorations from 1540 to the present time, with particular reference to the
two voyages of Powell through the line of the great canyons.) Price, $3.50.

Holmes, Burton, Travelogues, Vol. 6, The Yellowstone National Park, The
Grand Canyon ot the Arizona, Moki I^tnd. 336 pages, ill., 1008.

Hough, Emerson. "The President's Forest." Saturday Evening Post, January
14, 21, 1922.

James, CSeorge Wharton, "A httle Journey to Strange Places and Peoples."
For Home and School Intermediate and Upper Grades. Pp. 269, Grand
Canyon Chapter; On to Williams, pp. 23&-260. Illustrated. A. Flanagan Co.,
Chioiso, 1911.

"Arizona the Wonderland." Pp. 478. The Grand Canyon, pp. 98-103.

The Page Company, Boston, 1017.

James, George Wharton. "In and Around the Grand Canyon." The Grand
Canyon of the Colorado River in Arizona. Little, Brown & Co., Boston, 1900.
341 pp., illustrated.

"Our American Wonderiands." Illustrated. Pp. 290. Containing The

Grand Canyon of Arizona, pp. 1-10; The Canyon of Cataracts and the Hava-
Bupai Indians, pp. 158-166. A. C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, 1915.

"The Grand Canyon of Arizona — How to See It." Pp. 265, lUustrated.

Little, Brown 4 Co., Boston, 1910.

Jeffers, Le Roy. "The Call of the Mountains." 282 pp., iUuatrated. Dodd,

Mead & Co. 1922. Grand Canyon Park on pp. 193-225.
Kolb, E. L. "Through the Grand Canyon from Wyoming to Mexico," with a

foreword by Owen Wiater; with 48 plates from photographs by the author and

his brother. The Macmillan Co., New York, 1914. 344 pp., illustrated, maps.

Price, S4.S0.
taut. Agues C. "Through Our Unknown Southwest." Pp. 271. Grand

Caiiyon and the Petrified Forest, pp. 137-152. Illustrated. McBride, Naat

A Co., New York, 1913.
I^ R. S. "Fossil Footprints from the Grand Canyon of the Colorado." Pp.

337-346. Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 45, May, 1918.
I^esslbes fossil tiaoks [oond In the Coccoluo sandstone on Hemiit trail.
Ijuonus, C. F. "A Tramp Across the Continent." Pp. 270. Grand Canyon

Chapter, The Verge of the Desert, pp. 244-254. Charles Scribner's Sons, New

York, 1892.

"Some Strange Comers of Our Country" (The Wonderland of the South-
west). Pp. 270. Gtand Canyon Chapter, The Grandest Gorge In the World,
pp. 1-19. lUustrated. The Century Co., New York, 1892.

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44 OBAND CANYON NATIONAL PABK

Mitchell, Daniel Holimee. "God's Country." The Grand Canyon pp. Chtq)ter,

216-222. niufltrated. The Elbert RichardBon Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, 1910.
Muir, John. "The Grand Canyon of the Colorado." Pp. 347-382. Steep

Trails, edited b; Wm. Frederick Bad«. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boeton and

New York, 1918. Dluatrated.
Munk, J. A., M. D. " Arizona Sketches." Chapter entitled Canyon Echoes, pp.

130-150. BluBtrated. The Grafton Press, New York, 1905. lUus., pp. 230.

Price, $2, net.
Pdxotto, Emeet. "Our Hispanic Southwest." Pp. 245. IlluBtrationa by the

author. The Grand Canyon, an Impreacdon, pp. 129-136. Charles Scribner's

Sons, New York, 1916.
Pepin, 8. D., geologist. Origin of Grand Canyon, including Discovery and Brief

History. Copyright 1916. Pp. 30. J. A. Allea Co., printers, Los Angeles.
Popham, William Lee. "Grand Canyon of Arizona Romance." Deecription

beingfrom author's observation. The World Supply Co., Louisville, Ky., 1913-

94 pp. Price, $1.
Powell, John Wesley. "Canyons of the Colorado." With many illustration!:.

Pp. 396. Flood & Vincent, Meadville, Pa. The Chautauqua-Century Prese,

1895.
" First through the Grand Canyon" (being the record of the pioneer esplom-

tion of the Colorado River in 1869-70, edited by Horace Kephart, New York).

Outing Publishing Co. 1915. 320 pp. Price, $1. (Outing Adrentare

Library No. 4.)
Pnidden, Mitchell. "On the Great American Plateau." Pp. 237 (WanderingB

Among Canyons and Buttee in the Land of the Cliff-Dweller and the Indian of

To-day). DliiBtrated with photographs and with ori^nal drawings by Edward

Learning. C. P. Putnam's Sons, New York and London, 1906. Grand Canyon

Chapters, " Under the Spell of the Grand Canyon," pp. 36-71; " A Little Story

of World-Making," pp. 72-89.
Quinn, Vernon. "Beautiful America," 333 pp., illustrated. Frederick A

Stokes Co., New York City. Grand Canyon Paik on pp. 51-56, 254.
Ransome, F. L. " Pre-Cambrian Sediments and Faults in the Grand Canyoo."

Pp. 667-669. Science, new ser., vol. 34, No. 864, 1911.
Describes tbe Bright Angel bult.
Robinson, Will H. ."The Story of Arizona." Pp. 458. Grand Canyon chapter,

"Scenic Arizona," pp. 367-378. The Berryhill Co., Phoenix, Ariz., 1919.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "A Booklover's Holiday in the Open."
Santa Fe Railway System. "The Grand Canyon of Arizona," 1902-1909 (being

a book of words from many pens about the Grand Canyon of the Colorado

River in Arizona), pp. 150-161. Robert M. McBride A Co., New York.
Saunders, Charles Francis. " Finding the Worth While in the Southwest." Pp-

231. Grand Canyon chapter. The Grand Canyon of the Colorado River in

Arizona, pp. 150-161. Robert M. McBride A Co., New York' City, 1918.
Schuchert, Charles. "On the Carboniferous of the Grand Canyon of Arizona"

and "The Cambrian of the Grand Canyon of Arizona." Pp. 347-369. Am.

Jour. Sci,, 4th ser., vol. 45, May, 1918.

it of the origlii of the PaleoK4o itraU ud Ihe (oasils Clut the alraU

Smith, W. W. "The Grand Canyon of Arizona and the River That Made It, the

Colorado." Copyrighted 1913 by W. W. Smith, pp. 32.
Steele, David M. "Going Abroad Overland." I^. 197, 16 plates, 2 maps.

Putnams, New York, 1917.
van Dyke, Henry. "The Grand Canyon and other Poems." 78 pp. Charies

Scribner's Sons. 1914. Price, $1.36,

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OBAND CANYON NATIONAL PAEK

Wtfuer, Ch&rleB Dudley. "Our Italy." Two chapters on Grand Canyon, The
Heart of the Desert, pp. 177-188; On the Brink of the Grand Canyon— The
Unique Marvel of Nature, pp. 189-200. Harper 4 Bros., New York, 1891.

Whiting, liilli&n. "The Land of Enchantment." with illuatntiona from photo-
graphs. Pp. 347. Little, Brown & Co., 1906. Dedicated to the unfading
memory of Maj. John Wesley Powell, the great explorer. (Grajid Canyon
chapter. The CuTiival of the Gods, pp. 311-338.)

Woods, G. K. "Personal Impressions of the Grand Canyon of the Colorado
River." As seen through nearly two thousand eyes, and written In the private
vieitorB book of the world^amoua guide, Capt. John Hance, guide, story-teller,
and pathfinder. Collected and compiled by G. K. Woods. Dlustrationa. Pp.
152. The Whitaker & Ray Co., San Francisco, 1899.

Yaid, R. S. "The Book of the National Parks," with maps and illustrations.
Pp. 420. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1919. Grand Canyon chapter —
A Pageant of CreaUon. lUustrated, pp. 328-351.

"The Top of the Continent." Grand Canyon chapter — The Greatest

Ditch in the World. Pp. 213-244; illustrated. Charles Scribner's Sous
New York, 1917.

OTHER NATIONAL PARKS

Rules and Kegulatious similar to this for natioaal parks listed
below may be obtained free of charge by writing to the Director of
the National Park Service, Washington, D. C.

C^ter Lake National Park.
Glacier National Park.
Hawaii National Park.
Hot Springs National Park.
Lafayette National Park.
Mesa Verde National Park.
Mount Rainier National Park.

Rocky Mountain National Park.
Sequoia and General Grant National

Parks.
Wind Cave National Park.
Yellowstone Nations! Park.
Yosemite National Park.

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AUTHORIZED RATES FOR PUBLIC UTILITIES

HOTELS AND PUBLIC CAMPS

The foUowii^ hotek, etc., are operated by Fred Harvey:

El Tovar
El Tovar Hotel is located at the railroad terminus, near the head
of Bright Ai^el Trail, at an elevation of 6,866 feet above sea level,
and open all the year. It is a long, low structure, built of native
bowlders and pine logs. There are 93 sleeping rooms, accommo-
dating 175 guests. Forty-six of these rooms are connected with
private bath.

There is a music room and rendezvous. In the main dining room
165 persons can be seated at one time.

Hot and cold water, steam heat, find electric light are supplied.
El Tovu- also has a steam laundry.

Auihoriitd ralea at El Tottar Hotel
American plaa;

One person in room without bath, per day _ S& 00-$7. 00

One person in room with bath, per day 8. 00- 9. 00

There are few exceptional rooms with bath carrying an
additional charge.
Meals only:

Breakfast 1.26

Luncheon , 1,26

Dinner _ 1, 50

Bright Angel Cottages
Cozy lodgings in cottages or tents are available at Bright Angel
Cottages, adjacent to El Tovar. The accommodations are cleaa and
comfortable. There are four cottages, open the year round, and many
large tents for summer only. All of the cottages have steam heat
and electric light; one cottage also has baths. AH tents have elec-
tric hght, hut no heat or baths. About 260 people can be accommo-
dated here. Meals are furnished a la ctate at the caf£. Kitchen
facilities are ample for quick a la carte SOTvice.

AuthorUed raiea at Bright Angel CoUagea

Lodging only, per day, per person $1. 50-$2. 00

" " 2person8 _-- -- - 2.50-3.60

Hermit Cabins
On Tonto Plateau at the foot of Hermit Trail ; consists of a centra!
fJiTiing room, lounge cottage, and 11 sleeping cottages: accommoda-
tions for 30 persons.
46

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GRAND CANTON NATIONAL PABK 47

Authoriied ratet at Hermit Cahint

AmericftD plan, per day, p«r persoD SS

Phantom Ranch

On the north side of the Colorado River near the mouth of Bright
Angel Creek; consists of well-built stone cottages with mess hall
and rendezvous with excdllent accommodations.
Authorised raiei at Phantom Ranch

American plan, per day, per person _ _ S6

REST HOUSES
The Lookout

The Lookout is a quaint observatory and rest house, built on the
edge of the rim near the head of Bright Angel Trail. It is equipped
with a lai^e binocular telescope in the tower, for observing the most
distant reaches of the canyon by day. Canyon photos are for sale.
The reception room has spacious windows, a fireplace, Navajo rugs,
and easy chairs; it is electric Ughted and steam heated.
Hennit'B Rest

Where Hermit Rim Road ends and Hermit Trail begins is a unique
rest house, built into the hill, with a roofed-in porch and a parapet
wall. As the name impUes, it is intended to provide rest and shelter
for parties who take the Rim Road drive, op the Hermit Trail trip.
Guests may sit at the tables outside or sheltered by the glass front
inside according to weather, and enjoy refreshments in unusual
surroimdings. Admission is free to those who arrive in Harvey
transportation busses. The chaise to others is 25 cents each. Open
9 a. m. to 12 noon; 1 p. m. to 6 p. m.

Hopl Hoiue

Opposite El Tovar is a reproduction of the dwellings of the Hopi
Indians and several Navajo hogans.

In Hopi House are installed collections of Indian handiwork. Here
also hve a small band of Hopis, who are among the more primitive of
our Indians.

The homes of the Hopis are on the edge of the Fainted Desert,
perched on the crests of lofty mesas where they live as did their
forbears -and cling to their high dwelling place. They are indus-
trious, thrifty, orderly, and mirthful. A round of ceremonies, each
terminating in the pageants called "dances," marks the different
seasons of the year. Subsisting almost wholly by agriculture in an
arid region of uncertain crops, they find time between their labors
for light-hearted dance and song, and for elaborate ceremonials,
which are grotesque in the Katchina or masked dances, ideally poetic

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48 OBAND CANYON NATIONAL PAB.K

in the flute dance, and intensely dramatic in ihe snake dance. In the
three and a half centuries of contact with the white race their manner
of life has not materially changed. The Indian tribes that roamed
over mountain and plain have become wards of the Ooverment, but
the Pueblo Indian has absolutely maintained his indiridnality.

The Navajo women weave fine blankete and many of the men an
expert silversmiths, who fashion bracelets, rings, and other articles
from Mexican coin silver. The Navajo Indian Reservation — one of
the largest in the United States — borders Marble Canyon on the
east. They are a pastoral people, intelligent, and, like the Hopb,
self-supporting. They own laige numbers of sheep, cattle, and
horses. The Navajos are tall, rather slender, and agile. They have
been rightly called the Bedouins of the Desert. Nowhere are they
gathered into permanent villages. Although "civilized," they still
cling to old customs and old religious forms. The medicine man, at
Shaman, has a laige following, if not a large per cent of cures. Thdr
dance ceremonies are weird in the extreme. The fire dance is a
spectacular 10~day ceremony, seldom witnessed by white men, and
occurring only once in seven years.

Supai Indians from Havasu Canyon frequently visit Grand Canyon
village.

PUBLIC CAMP GROUNDS

No charge is made for use of camp grounds, firewood, etc. A
charge of 25 cents per day is made for water, as it must be hauled
to the canyon by rail. Water permits may be purchased at Santa
Fe Station. Fires may be built in fireplaces only.

Verkamp's, on the rim, just east of the Hopi House, carries a
complete line of canyon souvenirs and Indian handicraft. It makes
a specialty; of Navajo rugs and silverware, Chimayo blankets, and
LuUan baskets, and carries post cards, folders, and photc^raphs of
the canyon.

In this shop may also be seen one of the laigest and best paintings
of Grand Canyon as well as other work of the late Louis Aikin.
KOLB BROS.' STUDIO

Kolb Bros.' studio is at the head of Bright Angel Trail. The Kolb
Bros, give, each day, an interesting lecture, illustrated with motion
pictures and slides, describing their boat trip through the canyons,
of the Green and Colorado Rivers, Admission, 50 cents.

The exhibition above referred to illustrates Major Powell's original
exploration of the entire series of canyons on these rivers and should
not be confused with other excellent travel talks on the Grand
Canyon, which latter describe and illustrate what can be seen by the
visitor in a stay of a week or so at the canyon.

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GIUJ7D CANTON NATIONAJJ PABK 49

Here, too, visitois may view the caayon through a telescope and
obtain reliable information. Photographic views and other pictures
representing their many years' exploration of the Qr&nd CanyoD
are for sale.

SIGHT-SEEING TRIPS BY ROAD

Regular Ti^ by Automobile
The following trips are available every day in the year by auto-
mobile;

Bermit's Rest. — Stopping en route at Maricopa, Hopi, Mohave,
and Pima Points. Fiist trip starts at 9.30 a. m., returning to EI
Tovar and Bright Angel about 12 noon. Second trip starts at 1.30
p. m., returning to El Tovar and Bright Angel about 4 p. m. Bate,
$3; children, 6 to 11, half rate; children under 6, no charge. This
rate includes use of facilities and light refreshments at Hermit's Rest.
This drive is 16 miles round trip along the rim road. There is also
a sunset trip to Hopi or Mohave Points, leaving El Tovar and Bright
Angel Cottages at 6.30 and returning about 7.45.

Hopi Point: El Tovar to Hopi Point, 2 miles west; rate, tl.50.
Mohave Point: 3 miles west; rate, $2.

Regular Stmuiier Tiipt by AiittHnobUe

The following trips are available throi:^h the summer season
(approximately from April 15 to November 15):

Grand View. — 'Hirough forest of tall pines via Long .fim Canyon
and Thor's Hsmm^, 13 miles each way; time, about 3H hours.
Leave El Tovar and Bright Angel Cottages 1.30 p. m. daily. Sates,
{4. From Grand View may be seen that section of the canyon from
Bright Angel Creek to Marble Canyon, including the great bend of
the Colorado. On the east wall are Moran, Zuni, Papago, Pinal,
Lipan, Navajo (Desert View), and Comanche Points; and the mouth
of the Little Colorado River. Still farther beyond is the Painted
Desert and Navajo Mountain — the latter plainly seen, though 120
miles away. The rim trail to Moran Point is interesting. Grand
View Trail enters the canyon near Grand View Point.

Desert riew.— Thirty miles each way via Long Jim Canyon, Thor's
Hammer, Grand View, Hull Tank, Trash Dam, Tanner Tank, Old
Aztec Ruin, Lipan Point, and head of Tanner Trail. One round trip
a day leaving El Tovar and Bright Angel Cottages at 1.30 p. m.,
returning about 6 p. m. Rate, $8, Special auto for parties of six
persons or less, $48; lunch extra, except for El Tovar guests.

At this point there is a far outlook not only into the canyon above
the Granite Gorge, where the river valley widens, but also across the
Fainted Desert, toward Hopi Land, and along the Desert Palisades
to the mouth of the Little Colorado. At sunset and sunrise it is a

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60 GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PABK

glorions sight. For that reason one preferably ahoold arrange to
stay oTemight—a canipuig trip elsewhere refeored to. One and one-
half miles west of Desert View is Lipan Point, affording an excdlent
view of this whole region. ■

New Summer Trips by Automobile to the Navajo and Hopi Indian ReservaUofu via
the Navahcqi) Road

May 1 to October SI
Trip No. 1 — One day.

Automobiles leave El Tovar and Bright Angel Cottages at 7^0
a. m. daily. Route is via Desert View Road to Trash Dam, thence
through the Coconino Basin to a point overlooking the canyon of the
Little Colorado. The road then follows the Little Colorado due east
and the first stop is made at a newly discovered petrified forest,
where some 30 or 40 trees, some larger than any living tree in Arizona,
may be seen. Next stop is at the Navajo Indian trading post at
Cameron. This is the western outpost of the Navajo Reservation
and is 75 miles from the nearest railroad. The Little Colorado River
is crossed at this point by way of the steel suspension bridge 660 feet
long, and the route follows the main road across the Painted Desert
to Tuba City, where the headquarters of the Navajo Indian agent
are located. Some 400 Indian children are seen at well-equipped
Government schools here. The Hopi village of Moenkopi is next
visited, where the visitor has a glimpse of Indian life almost untouched
by white civilization. Return to Grand Canyon is over same route,
arriving at hotels between 7 and 8 p. m. same day, This trip provides
a unique opportunity to visit the well-known, but little seen Navajo
and Hopi Indian Reservations at a tniTiiTniim of expense. Round
trip, 159 miles. Rates, $15 per passenger; lunch, $1.25 extra, except
for hotel guests. Minimum of four passengers required.

Trip No. 2— Two days.

First day to Tuba City and Moenkopi as for trip No. 1, but return
to FlagstaJ9F, Ariz., via San Francisco Peaks and Sunset Mountain.
Overnight at Flagstaff, visiting cliff dwellings in Walnut Canyon
next morning, thereafter returning to Grand Canyon via National
Old Trails Highway and Maine Road through Tusayan National
Forest. Round trip, 250 miles, gives comprehensive idea of northern
Arizona mount^n scenery. Rat«s f25 per passenger; meals and
overnight accommodations at Flagstaff extra. Minimum of foiu"
passengers required.

Special Summer Trips by Automobile
These trips depend upon condition of roads and may be at times
discontinued.

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GRAND CANYON NATIOKAL PABK 51

Bass's Camp, 24 miles, and Havasupai Point, 1 mile beyond.
Rate same as Desert View trip.

Yavapai aitd Grandeur Points. — This drive extends 2 miles east of
ElTovar. Rate, $1.

Authorized raletfor tpeeial ear tervice

'i^^

pj^o.

persons

$12
16
32

$15
20
40

Rezular rat«, $3.

Regular rate, $4.

Eegulw rate, S8.

Tuba City and Moenkopi — 1 day Special oar requires purchase of a mini-
Regular rate, $15. mum of 6 seats, irrespective of num-
ber of passengers.
Tttba City, Moenkopi, and Flagstaff —

2 days Do.

Regular rate, $25.

Regular car service on Tuba City, one day, and the Flagstaff, two-
day trips, requires the purchase of four seats. A minimum of four
people is required in order to make the trip; in other words, leas than
four passei^rs will have to pay for four seats.

Six passengers will be handled in special cars for any of the above
trips at the same rate for five passengers.

Should the demand for regular-trip drives be so heavy as to require
use of all autos available, special autos may be discontinued.

Chartered Autmnobile Service
Six-passenger touring cars may be chartered for service within the
port or elsewhere on routes not covered by scheduled transportation
service at $75 per day of 200 miles or 840 per half-day of 100 miles,
irrespective of number of passengers. Additional mileage will be
chalked for at the rate of 50 cents per mile.

Rates for Children
On all motor trips there is no charge for children under 6 years
of age.
From the ages of 6 to 11 the charge is one-half fare.
All children over 11 years of age are charged full fare.

GARAGE SERVIGE
There is at Grand Canyon a large stone gar^e with ample facilities
f(? repairing and supplying automobiles. The rate for storage of
automobiles is tl per day.

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QE&ND GANYOIT NATIONAL PARK

Charge*

Garage storage _ SL 00

Washing CEU' , - S, 00

Regular mech&nical labor, per hour 1. 60

Welding, meehanic's time (material extra), per hour 2. 00

Electrical labor, per hour 2. 00

I^the work, mechanic's time, per hour % 00

Charging battery 1- 50

Charging battery over night - 1. 00

Filling and testing battery _ 25

ROADBIDB WORK

Truck and driving mechanic going to car on road when no towing is

done, per mile . 40

Rouad trip plus mechanical labor for time worked on car, per hour 1. 50

For truck and driver, per mile towed, going included, per mile 1.00

When extra mechanic is required, his time starts from the time he leaves

the garage until his return L fiO

A tow-car order stands until canceled by pturty ordering same.

OVEBTIIIB

Time and a half to be charged for mechanical labor aft«r S p. m. lUt^
per hour $2,26

Overtime tor driver of truck oa tow job after 5 p. m., per hour. _- . 75

Time and a half will be charged for mechanical labor on Sundays. Rate,
per hour 2. 2fi

Current prices.

TRAIL TRIPS

Hermit Trail, stopping at Hermit Cabins overnight. — Time, two days
and one night. Hermit Road by auto. Down Hermit Trail, stay
overnight at Hermit Cabins; go to river at mouth of Hermit Creek;
return up Hermit Trail to rim; thence to El Tovar over Hermit Rim
Road. Trips leave El Tovar and Bright Angel Cottages at 9.30 a. m.
and return next afternoon. Rates, $18.25 each person, including
guide, overnight accommodations, and meals en route and at Hermit
Cabins. Private guide, $5 per day extra.

Bright Angd Trail. — The trad here is generally open the year round.
In midwinter it is liable to be closed for a day or two at the top by
snow, but such blockade is not frequent. The trail reaches from the
hotel 7 miles to the Colorado River, with a branch terminating at
the top of the granite wall immediately overlooking the river. At
this latter point the stream is 1,272 feet below, while El Tovar Hotel
OD the rim is 3,158 feet above. The trip is made on mulebock,
accompanied by a guide.

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GRASD CANYON NATIONAL PABK 58

Those wishing to reach the river leave the main trail at Indian
Garden and f(dlow the downward course of Indian Garden and Pipe
Creeks.

Leave at 8.30 a. m. for the rivOT trip, 7 miles; return to rim 5
p. m. Bate, S6 eaoh person. Leave 10.30 a. m. for trip to plateau,
5 miles; rate, S5 each. For special trips with lees than three persons
there is a party charge of tS extra for guide. Lunch extra, except
for El Tovar room guests.

It is necessary tiiat visitors who walk down Bright Angel Trail
and desire that guide and mules be sent to meet them, be charged
fuU price and special guide fee of t5. This is unavoidable, as the
mules and guides are not available for any other trip.

Hermit' Tonto-Bright Angd Loof. — This trip takes two days and
one night. Hermit Kim Koad to head Hermit Trail; down Hermit
Trail; stay overnight at Hermit Cabins; go to river foot of Hermit
Creek; return along Tonto Trail to Indian Garden; thence up Bright
Angel Trail.

Start from El Tovar or Bright Angel Cottages at 9.30 a. m. and
letum next afternoon. Rotmd trip charge is $23.25 for each person;
private guide is S5 a day extra; rate quoted includes regular guide,
overnight accommodations, and meals en route.

Three-Day Ribbon PaUs trip. — ^Leave about 9 a. m. Down Bright
Angel Trail, crossing the Colorado River by new steel suspension
bridge and reaching Phantom Ranc^ early afternoon. Overnight at
Phantom Ranch, following morning by way of Kaibab Trail in Bright
Angel Canyon, 5 miles to Ribbon Falls, beautiful clear waterfall in
the form of a crystal ribbon shedding its waters on a natural rock
attar in the midst of a verdant amphitheater. Box lunch at falls,
and return to Phantom Ranch for overnight. On third day the
return to El Tovar completes a never-to-be-forgotten experience.
The all-expense rate for this trip is t30 per person.

Across Grand Oanyon to Kaihah Natioruil Forest on North Sim. —
llus combines an instructive and interesting excursion across the
whole width of the Grand Canyon, from rim to rim, with a visit to
the Eaibab National Forest, This beautiful virgin forest is the
home of thousands of deer and the haunt of the mountain lion and
the bobcat. Starting from the South Rim, the round trip is made
in five days, including one day spent in the forested section. The
ponte is by the Bri^t Angel and Tonto Trails across the Kaibab
Suspension Bridge to Phantom Ranch; thence along Kaibab Trail
and up Bright Angel Canyon to Wylie Way Cfunp at Bright Angel
Point on the North Rim, On the return Ribbon Falls visited en
route. For those who may visit to spend some time in the Kaibab
National Forest, saddle stock and camping outfits are available at
Wylie Way Camp. Approximate expense,' except personal accom-

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64 QBAJTD CANYON NATIONAli PAKE

modation in Wylie Way Camp, $70 per person for the five-day trip.
Wylie Way Camp, $6 per day extra. For full particulars and advance
reservations address Manager, Transportation Department, The
Fred Harvey Co., Grand Canyon, Ariz.

Dripping Spring. — This trip is made on hwseback all the way, via
Hermit Kim Road to the head of Hermit Trail, down Hermit Trail
to Dripping Springs, returning to El Tovar and Bright Angd through
the forest; starts at 8.30 a. m. Rate, $5 each for three or more
persons; for less than three persons, <5 extra for guide. Private
parties of one or more persons, %5 extra for guide.

Saddle Horses

Recently many new bridle paths along the rim and through the
pines of Tusayan have been opened up, 30 that horseback riding now
is possible for all. The animals are well trained and dependable.
Saddle horses cost t5 a day, or $3 a half day. English, McClellan,
Whitman, or western stock saddles furnished as requested. Side-
saddles not provided. Rates quoted include, fot parties of three or
more, the service of a guide. For a guide for parties of less than
three or for a private guide the rate is t5 a day, or $3 a half day.
Horseback trips over any of the trails into the canyon are only
permitted when accompanied by guide. This is necessary to avoid
risk in meetmg trail parties and pack trains.

There are several interesting foot trails near Grand Canyon vil-
lage. Information as to these may be obtained at the superintend-
ent's office.

CA2V1PING TRIPS

Camping tnps with pack and saddle animals are organized, com-
pletely equipped, and placed in charge of experienced guides.

For climatic reasons it is well to arrai^e so that camping trips
during the season from October to April are mainly confined to the
loner canyon. For the remainder of the year, i. e., April to October,
they may be planned to include both the canyon itself and the rim
country.

The rates vary from $10 to $15 a day for one person; $6 to $8 aday
each additional person. Such rates specially include services of guide
and camp equipment; provisions extra; figures quoted are t^pa-ozi-
mate only, varying with different outings.

Havasu Canyon and Eavasupwi viMage.—The best time to visit
this place is from May to October. A journey of about 50 miles; first
by auto, 35 nules across a timbered plateau, then on hoiseback down
Topocobya Trail along Topocobya and Havasu Canyons, to the
home of the Havasupai Indians.

The home of this little band of 200 Indians is in Havasa Canyon, a
tributary of the Grand Oanyon, deep down in the earth two-fifths of ft

GRAND CANTON NATIONAL PABK 65

mile. The situatioti is romantic and the surroundings are beautified
by falls of water over precipices several hundred feet high, backed by
grottos of stalactites and stalagmites. This water all comes from
springs that gush forth in surprising volume near the Havasupai village.

The baskets made by the Havasupai women consist of Ulo burden
basket, a shaUow tray, and a water bottle of willow. Those made by
the older weavers are of fine mesh, with attractive designs, and bring
good prices. Havasupai means people of the blue water. Padre
Garces was the first white man to visit their canyon home. In early
days the Havasupais undoubtedly were cliff dwellers. They built
nearly all the Gruid Canyon trails, or rather their rude pathways were
the advance guard of the present trails. Their summer homes
resemble- tbose of the Apaches. The winter homes afford more pro-
tection against the weather.

The round trip from El Tovar is made in five days, at an expense
of $15 a day for one person, S20 a day for two persons, and $25 a day
for three persons. Each additional member alter party of three, $5
a day; provisions extra. These rates include service for party of
one or two persons, also cost of horse feed.

For parties of three to six parsons an extra guide is required, whose
9 are charged for at $5 a day.

THE NORTH RIM

Auto Stage Transportation from Utah Points
The north rim of the Grand Canyon National Park is reached from Ce-
dar City, Utah, on the UnionPacificsy3tem,andfromMarysvale, Utah,
on the Denver & Rio Grande Western Kailroad by automobiles opera-
ted by the Utah-Arizona Parks Transportation Co., Cedar City, Utah.
Special all-expense tours are offered combining visits to Zion
National Park, Pipe Spring National Monument, Cedar Breaks, and
Bryce Canyon National Monument. These tours leave Cedar City
daUy from June 10 to October 10 and from Marysvale daily from
June 10 to October 10. Operated for minimum of three full fares.

AathOTKed rates
Prom Cedar City, Utah: ■

Seven-day tour of Zion National Park, Pipe Spring National
Monument, Grand Canyon National Park (north rim), Kaibab
Forest, Bryce Canyon National Monument, and Cedar Breaks;
fare for automobile transportation and 18 meals and 6 nights'

lodgingB $liaOO

(Lunch on going and dinner on return tour at Union Pacific
Hotel at Cedu City not included in cost of tour.)
From Marysvale, Utah: *

Pive-day tour of Grand Canyon National Park (north rim),
Kslbab Forest, and Bryce Canyon National Monument;
fare for automobile transportation and 13 meals and 4 nights'

lodgingB 92.00

Bde in advance wttb Vtab-AritoDaPaikaTransportstlanOo,

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66 QKAND CANTON NATIONAIi PAKE

From Murysvole, Utah — Continued.

SeveD-day tour of Grand Canyon National Park (north rim),
K&ibab Forest, Zioo National Park, Cedar Breaks, and Bryce
Canyon National Monument^ fare for automobile transportation

and 17 meals and 6 nights' lodgings $117. SO

(Two meals and one night's lodging at Union T^cific Hotd,
Cedar City, not included in cost of tour.)

Parties amTing at the south rim of the Grand Canyon National

Park via the Santa Fe lines and desiring to cross from the south

rim to the north rim and then visit Kaibab Forest, Zion National

Park and leave Cedar City via the Union Pacific system or desiring

to make the trip in the opposite direction may arrange to do so.

The cross-canyon trip requires two days and is made by horseback.

The first night is spent at Phantom Ranch in the bottom of the

canyon and the Wylie Way Camp on Bright Angd Point on the north

rim or El Tovar Hotel on the south rim is reached the following

afternoon. The all-expense cost of the two days' cross-canyon trip

is approximately $30 per person, guide extra. The Utah-Arizona

Parks Transportation Co. must be notified in advance to meet parties

of a minimum of three at the north rim. Arrangements for the

cross-canyon trip should be made in advance. .

From Cedar City, Utah, to Grand Canyon National Park (north rim, |

(approximately 175 miles): '

Four-day tour of Zion National Park, Pipe Spring National Monu-

ntent, Kaibab Forest, and Grand Canyon National Park

(north rim); fare for automobile transportation, 8 meals and

3 nighta' lodgings - $63.25

From Grand Canyon National Park (north rim) to Cedar City, Utah:
Three-day tour of Grand Canyon National Park (north rim), Kaibab
Forest, Pipe Spring National Monument, Zion National Park;
fare for automobile transportation, 6 meals, and 2 nights' lodg-
ings - $5ft60

Above tours operated for tninitniim of three full fares.

Children under 12 years of age, one-half fare. Twenty-five pounds
of baggage on full-fare tickets and 12} pounds on half-fare tickets
will be transported free; excess baggage will be charged for at rate
of 10 cents per pound.

Special Auto Service

Arrangements fdso can be made with Harold Bowman, of Kanab,
Utah, during the calendar year 192i for special automobiles fn.ai
Marysvale, Utah, to Bryce Canyon, north rim of the Grand Canyon
National Park and other scenic points and return to starting point
at following rates :

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GBAND CANYON NATIONAL PABK 57

will be made for 20 miles iD any one day whether traveled or not.
Tweuty-fiTe pounds of free baggage will be allowed each person;
excess ba^age will be charged for at the rate of 10 cents per pound.

Wy&e Way Camp

Od the north rim at Bright Angel Point, situated in a shady grove
of pines, is a Wylie Way Camp, consisting of a central dining tent
and comfortable sleeping tents; everything is spotlessly clean. Camp
is open from June 15 to September 30, inclusive. There are accom-
modations for about 25 people.

Authorized rate at Wylie Way Camp, American plan, per person,
per day, 16.

8ADDLE-HOBSE TBIP8

Arrangements may be made at the Wylie Way Camp for saddle-
horse trips to various points of interest on the north rim and in the
canyon. Time required and rates are as follows:

Side trips and rates therefor from Wylie Way Camp, Bright Angel
Point:

To Point Imperial, one-day trip-
To Point Sublime, two-day trip.
To Cape Royal, two-day trip.

Saddle horses for these trips or for special trips on the plateau, $3
each per day; mounted guide for north-rim trips, $5 per day.

Down Bright Angel Trail to Colorado River and cross-canyon
trips the rate is S6 per day for each horse.

Guide for river and cross-canyon trips, $6 per day.

For all overnight trips from Wylie Way Camp on tie north rim
one or more pack horses must accompany the party, the rates for
these being the same as for saddle horses.

Bedding and provisions for north-rim trips, $2.50 per day for each
person.

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A PORTION OF THE FIRST FOREST
ThB profusion of petrified wood l3 clearly ahowi

ROOT OF PETRIFIED TREE, 7 FEET IN DIAMETER
The profite resembles a dog's or lion's head

PETRIFIED FOREST NATIONAL MONUMENT. ARIZONA

ACROSS THE CANYON FROM NEAR EL TOVAR ON SOUTH Rlh

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^^^ SEP 2i mi>

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

HUBERT WORK. SECEIETARY

>f,CNAT[ONAL PARK SERVICE

STEPHEN T. MATHER. DIRECTOR

RULES AND REGULATIONS

GRAND CANYON

NATIONAL PARK

ARIZONA

VIEW ALONG THE TONTO TRAIL

OPEN ALL THE YEAR

Photograpli b; E] Tovar Studio

EL TOVAR HOTEL FROM ROOF OF HOPI HOUSE

Fbotograph by El Tovar S
Reachsd o\

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CONTENTS

Put

General deeci^tion 1

A mighty spectacle 2

The first view. 3

Park Service information bureau 4

living at the Grand Canyon 4

Free public camp gnnind 4

Seeing it from the rim ." S

Deecending the canyon 6

The Hermit Trail 6

The Kaibab Trail 7

The Tonto Trail 7

The Havaau Canyon 7

Origin and geologic histo^ of the Grand Canyon 8

History of the canyon 17

The canyon as a resort 22

The north rim of thecanyim 1 22

Tables of diatancee and altitudes « 23

Roads 23

Trails 28

How long to stay 28

What to wear 28

AdminiHtration 28

How to reach the park 29

North rim — Grand Canyon National Park 32

Koad sign information 32

Aubxnobile supplies 33

Groceries 33

Wat«r.., 33

Public utilities and conveniences. 33

Petrified Forest National Monument 34

Rules and regulations 36

Maps 42

Literature 42

Biblic^raphy 43

Authorized rates for public utilities 48

The south rim 48

The north rim 5X

MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS

OOTBR

View along the Tonto Trail Front.

El Tovar Hotel from roof of Hopi House Inside front.

Village of Moenkopi Insidefront,

Petrified Forest National Monument, Arizona, a portion of the first forest. Inside back.

Root of petrified tree, 7 feet in diameter Inside back.

Across the canyon from near El Tovar on aouth rim Back.

AcToes the canyon from Bright Angel Ptnnt on luxth rim Back.

TBXT p^

Flo. I. Generalized columnar section, showing position and structural relations

of the rocks of the Grand Canyon National Park 9

Flo, 2. Generalized sections across Grand Canyon 10

Uap of Arizona ahoning railroad connectdons. 29

Map of Grand Canyon National Park 30

Map showing principal automobile routes in Colorado, Utah, Arizona, and New

Mesico 31

38848°— 26t 2 _Oi

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THB NATIOIf AL PARKS AT A OLANOE

[Number, ID; total am, ll,sraaqiiwe mllnl

NatloiullMiABlD

Lwttlau.

Ana in

-•"-B-

MMd..Artan«.

Hanr^^ISi and bowdlng houses— aO bath-
boasea under pobUo oontcdl

1871

NorthwMUin Wyo.
mlDj.

3. MS

deraesi, greatest wOd bird and anltaal preserve

2ii

The Ble Tree NsHonal Park— aeTeral hondred
^to"^ toot in d^meter^Towerlng moontaln

■""*■;-"-

(omla.

Middle eastern CaU-
Iwnla. •

i.m

ifao

^mM£m^^

Qenoral Grant

Middle eutom Cali-
fornle.

Nattonal Park.

Mount RBlni»f_..._

West Central Wsali-
ington.

glacier, CO to MO teat thick— Wcmderml sub-
alpine wild flower fields.

IKS

1«03

melons <^llambBn contalnlnx peculiar [ocnia>
. tiona.

Many sulDhnr and other sprinES posseraing
BmaU park wltb wo^stjoamB, and a lake-Ii

rnt

' iwi

M«»V^.

"a:—" "■'^

dwellinga in Onitod States, If not in the world.

1,SM

beanty— eo small gladeis— Piedpices thou-

srr^k,i"indf?G;;«i!t'^Vsrt?™.tlj^r'

Rocky Mountain...

Nirth mlddla Cdo-
rado.

aaca-— '™'»"-~^"

OD Hawaii. Haleakala on Manl.

Lasseu Volcanic..,.

Nortbem CalUDinls..

0nl7 active Toloano In United Stateg prufNi-
Lassen Peak 10,469 IMt— Cinder Cone tm

Moont McElnler.

South Ceatral Alseka.

2,««

Blgbert mountahi In North America-EhM
DtBer mountain In the world.

OrandCBonni

North DontcBl Arizona

BSS

The greatest eiample of eroslou and the mcit
suUlme spectacle In the wmld.

beauty and scenic Interest.

^918

130

IBIO

■

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GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The Grand Canyon Nation^ Park was created by an act <rf Con-
gress, February 26, 1919. It is under the supervision of the National
Park Service of the Department of the Interior. Its final creation
came 33 years after Benjamin Harrison, then Senator from Indiana,
introduced the first of several bills to give it park status. Politics,
local apathy, and prirate interests, which sought to utilize its water
power and to find minerals in its depths, were the principal causes of
delay. All efforts failing to make it a national park, in 1908 Presi-
dent Roosevelt made it a national monument. Once a railroad was
surveyed throi^h it. A scenic railroad was projected along its
south rim. Less than a year before it became a pork efforts were
making in New York to raise money to dam its waters for power
and irrigation.

The Grand Canyon National Park is in northern Arizona. Its
958 square miles inclose 56 miles of the Grand Canyon stretching
west of its hp ginniTi g at the mouth of the Marble Canyon. Through
it winds the Colorado River for a distance of 103 miles. Prom rim
to rim the canyon varies from 10 to 12 miles in width; it is more than
a mile deep measured from the north rim, which averages nearly a
thousand feet higher than the south rim. The eastern boundary
includes the lofty painted walls east of whidi lies the Painted Desert.
Its western boundary includes the broad Havasu Canyon, tributary
from the south, in whose depths we find the Havasupai Indian Resei^
vation and a group of fine waterfalls markedly different from any in
our other national parks.

The park boundaries hug the rim closely. Very Uttle of the coim-
try back of the rim is included in the reservation, scarcely enough in
places to take care of the great increase of travel which national
porkhood will bring to the Grand Canyon during the next several
years. These border lands are wonderfully attractive. The north-
em rim is heavily forested with pine and spruce, interspersed with
beautiful glades of quaking aspen. The southern rim carries a
slender semiarid flowering v^etation of rich beauty and wide Tariety
and south of the railroad station lie a few square miles of fine yellow
pine forest.

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0BAJ9D OAHYON NATIONAL PAKE
A MtCHTV SPECTACLE

There \a'&'^ doubt that the Grand Canyon is one of the world's
very greatest spectacles. It is impossible to compare it witi the
tremendous white spectacle of the Himalayas, or with ttie House of
Everlasting Fire of the Hawaii National Park, or with the 17,000
feet of snow and glacier which rise abruptly between the observer's
eyes and the summit of Moimt McKinley, because it has nothii^ ui
common with any of these. But of its own kind there is nothing
in the world which approaches it in form, size, and glowing color;
it is much the greatest example of stream erosion. And in its power
to rouse the emotion of the lookei>on, to stupefy or to exhilarate, it has
no equal of any kind anywhere, unless it be the starry firmament
itself.

Approaching by rail or road, the visitor comes upon it suddenly.
Pushing through the woods from the motor camping groimd, or
climbing the stairs from the railroad station, it is there at one's feet,
disclosed in the sublimity of its templed depths, in the bewildering
glory of its goi^eous coloring. There is no preparation of mind and
spirit. To some the revelation is a shock, no matter what the ex-
pectation. The rim of the Grand Canyon is one of the stillest places
on earth, even when it is crowded with people.

To describe the Grand Canyon is as impossible as it is unnecessary.
Few natural spectacles have been so fully pictured, few are so familif^
even to the imtraveled. Its motionless unreality is one of the first
and most powerful impressions it makes. And yet the Grand Canyon
is really a motion picture. There is no moment that it does not
change. Always its shadows are insensibly altering, disappearing
here, appearing there; lengthening here, shortening there. There
is continual movement. With every quarter hour its difEerence may
be measured.

There is the Grand Canyon of the early morning, when the light
slants lengthwise from the Painted Desert. The great capes of the
northern rim shoot into the picture, outlined in golden light against
which their shapes gloom in hazy blues. Certain temples seem to
rise slowly from the depths, or to step forward from hiding places in
the opposite walls. Down on the green floor the twisting inner
goi^e discloses here and there lengths of gleaming water, sunHt
and yellow.

An hour lat^ all is wholly changed. The dark capes hare retired
somewhat and now are brilliant-hued and thoroughly defined. The
temples of the dawn have become remodeled, and scores of others
have emoted from the purple gloom. The Granite Gorge, now de-
tailed fully, displays waters which are plainly muddy even at this
great distance. And now the opposite wall is seen to be convoluted,
possessing many headlands and intervening gulfs.

OBAND OANTON NATIOKAL. FABE 8

And SO, from hour to hour, the spectacle develops. Midday, with
sua high behind the Boui^ rim, is the time of least charm, for the
opposite walls bare flattened and the temples of the depths have
lost their defining shadows. But as afternoon progresses the spec-
tacles of the morning creep back, now reTeised and strangely altered
in outline. It is a new Grand Canyon, the same but wonderfully
different.

And just after sunset the reda deepen to dim purples and the grays
and yellows and greens change to magical blues. In the dark of a
moonless night the canyon suggests unimaginable mysteries.

THE FIRST VIEW

From the railroad station the visitor ascends to El Tovar Hotel
and the view of the canyon at a very interesting point. Here is
where the temples loom up in contrast to the plateau at their feet ;
the plateau still being 1,500 feet above the river. The view at EI
Tovar is restricted by the extension of Grandeur Point and Maricopa
Point on either side. These cut oft the view of the great reaches of
the canyon east and west. El Tovar view is a framed picture of
hmited size. It is better so; better for the newcomer to enter grad-
ually into the realization of the whole which will come when he walks
or rides out to the many points which push northward from the
south rim; better also to return to after days spent on the rim or in
the canyon's depths.

Having studied this view for general outlines and the canyon's
conformation, stratification, and coloring, the visitor will find for
himself, on foot or by motor stage or horseback, many points which
will afford him varied outlooks upon the broad reaches of the can-
yon. It is advisable to see the canyon from end to end from the rim
before exploring the trails to the floor and the river.

The traveler who is unlucky enough to have no more time at his
disposal may, even in one day, see much of the Grand Canyon either
from the rim or by mule-back descent to the depths as preference
dictates. Probably the one-day visitor can see more by taking the
16-mile Hermit Rim Koad drive west in the forenoon and the 60-
mile drive east to Grand View and Desert View in the afternoon
than in any other way. Both the rim drives and the descent into
the canyon may be had in two days. Every day added to the sched-
ule will give the visitor further novel experiences and glorious
views, such as the Hermit Loop trip, the Phantom Eanch trip, or to
the north rim of the canyon, visiting Bibbon Falls en route, or the
lor^ motor trip over the Navahopi Road to Tuba City and Moenkopi.

"When you go to the Grand Canyon leave the duration of your stay
open for decision when there. You will probably then remain from
five days to two weeks. Two weeks of fairly steady goii^ wiU enable

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4 O&AND CANTON NATIONAL FABE

you to see tie Grand Canyon thorou^y Trithout undertakiiig trips
which are a hardship to persons unaccustomed to trail riding.

PARK SERVICE ■NPORMATION BUREAU

A free information bureau is maintained by the National Park
Service in the Administration Building, 100 yards east of El Tovar
and at the foot of the hill, where the superintendent's offices are.
Park visitors are welcomed and are advised to apply to the attendant
in charge of this bureau for official informati(Hi of any kind.

A collection of various geolt^cal and paleontological specimens <^
the Grand Canyon ia on exhibition, as well as charts of flowers and
birds.

A suitable reference library is being accumulated for the use of
visitors, and the Government maps and other publications may be
consulted or secured here.

Automobile arrivals are requested to register at this bureau, imleae
previously registered at a checking station.

Living is pleasant and comfortable. El Tovar Hotel offers delight-
ful conditions at rates reasonable in these times for its high-class
accommodations. Its porches are broad, its garden a collection of
interesting semiarid vegetation, its rim walks inspiring. There is
horseback riding through many miles of yellow-pine forest and out to
viewpoints on the rim, but there are no sports. There is neither golf
nor tennis. The canyon absorbs the whole attention of its visitors.

Adjoining the hotel there is a most comfortable annex of cottages
and tenta and caf6; rates are lower than those charged at the main
hotel. There are comfortable cottages at Hermit Creek Cabins on
the Hermit Trail, and at Phantom Ranch, across the Colorado
River. The latter cottages are built of the native rock, with mess
hall, etc. Both these resorts are first class in every respect,

WyUe Way Camp at Bright Angel Point on the north rim pro-
vides comfortable accommodations for visitors. Camping trips
along the rim and down to the Havasupai Indian Reservation and
the waterfalls of Havasu Canyon can be arranged. It is possible to
take. your pack train across the river on the Kaibab Suspension
Bridge, stay overnight at Phantom Ranch, and ascend the most in-
teresting Kaibab Trail up Bright Angel Canyon to the north rim.
This trip is a matter of several days and is correctly classed as a
giumuer jaunt.

FREE PUBUC CAMP GROUND

From April to November the south rim is free from snow and the
free public camp groimd near Grand Canyon Village is available to
campers. Motorists are uiged to bring their own camp equipment

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GRAND CANYON NATIONAI. PABK 5

and make use of this camp. Sites will be allotted free of chai^ oa
application to the office of the superintendent of the park. There
is a garage in the village where gasoline and oU can be procured.
There is also a general store where groceries can be purchased.
It is necessary to purchase water in the village, as there is none at
the Grand Canyon and it must be hauled from a distance by rail.
The charge for water is 25 centa per day.

SEEING IT FROM THE RIM

East of the hotel are several points reached by motor roads which
^ord fine views of the upper half of the Grand Canyon. The jnost
famous of these is Grand View, where still stands the first r^ular
hotel of the canyon, now private property, and not affording hotel
accommodations. The eastern terminus of the road is Desert View,
which offers a view up the Marble Canyon, and eastward over the
famous Painted Desert. West of the hotel the auto stages stop at a
succession of fine points, each with its own individual view of the
m%hty spectacle.

There is much to see also in the neighborhood of El Tovar.

The Yavapai Trail extends aloi^ the Canyon rim east to Grandeur,
Yavapai, and Yaki Points, and the Hopi Trail West to Maricopa,
Sentinel, and Hopi Points. These paths are inviting to the hiker,
or, if one desires to combine horseback riding with viewing the spec-
tacle thus reached, he may do so over these paths, where the footing
invites a canter, the surroundings furnish shade and beauty, and
automobiles do not intrude.

DESCENDING THE CANYON

There are three practicable trails from the south rim to the river.
The one commonly used starts from El Tovar Hotel and descends
the deep alcove between Grandeur and Maricopa Points. This is the
celebrated Bright Angel Trail.

The descent of this trail is made on muleback in parties led by
guides. It is a sad mistake for persons not in the soundest physical
training to attempt it on foot, for the apparent distance as seen from
the rim is misleading, and the climb back is most arduoiis at that ele-
vation. The south rim of the canyon at El Tovar is 6,866 feet above
sea level. Nearly every day one or more trampers, overconfident of
their endurance, find the way up too arduous and have to be assisted
by guides and mules sent down for them from the rim.

The descent is an experience of great cliann. The trail is well
built and kept in good condition. The traveler passes in review
all the strata which form the canyon walls ; their close examination will
be a source of pleasure. Just under the rim the trail passes through
a fine forest of spruce, and from this down to the sage desert of the

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^ OBAND CANTON NATIONAL PABK

^ewi^o^ "Vte traveler will also pass in review a series of v^etatitm
wtdck Te?^^«ent8 scores or biindreds of milea of surface growths.
Tliece aie Wo steep dUffs which the trail descends in series of short
hitches of zigzags, one of which, known as Jacob 's Ladder, carries the
traveler down the famous Kedwall limestone, which is so distinct a
scenic feature of the canyon from every rim view. But there need be
no alarm about these descents, for the zigzag, short and numerous
though they are, maintain always a uniform srfe grade. It may
affect the unaccustomed nervously to see his mule hang his head
over short abysses at the turns, bat the traveler himself does not
hang over them, and the mule is sure-footed, stoUd, and indifferent.
There is only one creature with less imagination than a mule, and
that is his cousin, the burro.

Indian Garden, which lies on the floor of the canyon on the Tonto
Plateau, is so named because Havasupai Indians once cultivated the
soil through which passes the stream which originates in springs below
the Eedwall. It is called Garden Creek. The Indian Garden now
is a tangle of high brush, principally willow, through which the trail
passes out upon the Tonto Plateau, and presently plimges down th.6
rocky goi^e which leads to the edge of the muddy Colorado.

THE HBRMIT TlUn,

A much finer trail from every point of view than the Bright Angel
stai^ from Hennit'3 Best, south of Pima Point, and descends the
Hermit Canyon. It begins S miles west of El Tovar. This is a
two days ' journey, including a night spent in Hermit Cabins well down
in the canyon. It involves an experience worth many times the addi-
tional day which it requires.

The Hermit Canyon is one of extreme beauty; there is probably no
other which equab it in gorgeous coloring and the variety of its rock
forms. The trail, whose grade is less than that of the Bright Angel,
is one of the finest in the world. It is longer than the Bright Ang^
Trail and leads out upon impressive points overlooking fascinating
views. About 1,000 feet imder the rim, at a place known locally as
the White Zig Zags, may be seen an interesting series of prehistoric
animal tracks in the sandstone.

The descent of the Redwall limestone is a masterpiece of trail
building, and the only part of the Hermit Trail which gives an
impression of steepness; but this may readily be walked down by the
unaccustomed rider; its descent is not nerve racking. The n^ht
at Hermit Cabins, under a towering crimson gable, with colorful
Hermit Canyon on the south and Grand Canyon opening northward
over the green shale of the Tonto Platform, or "lower plateau," is
as comfortable as it is fascinating. The trip to the river and back to
the camp is usually made the first day.

Visitors to Hermit Cabins will find a band of antelope always in
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QBAND CAHYON NATIONAL PABK

THE KAIBAB TKAIL

A new trail connecting Y&ki Point on the south rim with the Tonto
Trail at the Tip-Off was completed last spring and is the last word
in trail construction. As it is built along a spur jutting out into the
canyon, it is the most scenic trail leading into the gorge. That part
of the Kaibab Trul between the Tip-Off and Kaibab Bridge was
also rebuilt, as was part of the Grtmite Gorge on Bright Angel Creek
above Phantom Hauch.

The new trail shortens distance from El Tovar Hotel to Phantom
Ranch by 44 miles. However, operations over this trail will be
seasonal only until the modem road to Yaki Point, now imder con-
struction, is completed, as autos can not negotiate the present road
in wet weather.

THE TONTO TRAIL

Too few visitors to Hermit Cabins combine the two trdl tripe
with a joumej between them over the Tonto Plateau. The descent
is by the Hermit Trail with a night at its foot. The next morning
the journey is made on mule back along the Tonto Plateau to the
Indian Ou^ens. This journey is extremely interesting. The side
walls of the canyon and the numerous temples give one the sense of
being in the mountains instead of halfway down the depths of a
canyon. From the Indian Oardens, after lunch by the stream sid^
parties ascend Bright Angel Trail to El Tovar.

THE HAVASU CANYON

The Havasu Canyon, in the far western end of the national park, is
rarely visited. The trail b^ins at the end of a long desert road by
descending precipitously to a goige through which the Havasupai
Indian Reservation is reached, lliere are lees than 200 Indians on
the reservation. These live by farming the land irrigated from
Havasu Creek; com is their principal product, but melfms, figa, and
peaches are also produced. The reservation fills a broad amphi-
theater in the goi^e, surrounded by lofty red sandstone cUffs of the
Supai formation. There are no hotels or camps, and the heat is
intense in summer. The Havasu Creek water is strongly impr^;nated
with lime and tmpalatable, though entirely wholesome. Neverthe-
less, the visit to the reservation is one of xmusual character and charm
for those who do not object to a little hardship.

Below the reservation the canyon breaks into a series of waterfalls,
two of which are unusual in kind and beauty. These are the Havasu
Pall and the Hualapai Fail. Both drop over lofty shelves, which are
plastered on back and sides by richly carved festoons of lime travel^
tine. Both the falls occur in deep gorges in the Redwall limestone.
Bright green cottonwoods, cactus, and other desert vegetation
enliven the scene, which is as different as imf^ination can well paint
from anything else in the GrMid Canyon National Park.

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8 QBAND CANTON NATIONAI. TABS

Id the Bpring, following the melting of the rim snows, there are
Tarious waterfalls in the Grand Cuiyon itself, several of which last
for some months. These occur on the north aide of the river, where
there is a greater supply of water, the south side being arid exceptfor
brief periods following meltings and cloudbursts. • One of these tem-
porary north-side waterfalls in Clear Creek, which has been seen by
very few persons, is about 800 feet in height. With the crossing of
the river, which is now possible over the Kaibab Suspension Bridge,
these and many other fascinating spectacles, now little known, will
become familiar sights to many. The destiny of the Grand Canyon
is to become one of the most used national parks.

ORIGIN AND GEOLOGIC HISTORY OF THE GRAND CANYON i

The Grand Canyon is the deepest and widest of a long series of
canyons through which the Colorado River flows for 500 miles across
a r^on of high table-lands known as the plateau province or the
Colorado Plateaus. These canyons are unusually steep sided and
imusually deep, but they are merely parts of the valley of the river,
and, like most other river valleys, they have been formed by the
stream that occupies them; they are not, as some who are unfamiliar
with geologic processes have supposed, due to any violent or catas-
trophic breaking of the earth's crust. The Grand Canyon is per-
haps the world's most spectacular illustration of the accumulated
results of erosion — of the combined action of running water, rain,
wind, and the various atmospheric agencies that attack the rocks
and sculpture them into the forma that give character to a landscape.

A PECULIAR TYPE OF LAND SCULPTDBE

Tlie scenery oi the Grand Cwiyon is the supreme expression of a
type of land sculptiu-e that is peculiar to the plateau country, a
type whose elements M-e cliffs and tabular forms — ^buttes, mesas,
terraces, and plateaus. The high plateau into which the river has
cut its way is built up of layer upon layer of rock beds that lie nearly
level and that extend continuously over great distances. Tliese
beds, as one may see in the walls of the canyon, consist of sandstone,
shale, and limestone, which have been grouped by geologists into
the formations shown in the generalized columnar section forming
Figure 1. This figure presents a smmnary of the facts relating to
the character of the rocks exposed in the Grand Canyon National
Park and the thickness, attitude, order of accumulation, and struc-
tural relations of the formations.'

1 By L. F. NoUe, geologljt, C S. OwJoglcal Siirver.

1 The term " formatioii " la ECDOraUy applied to a group of rock beda that are of about tbe samA age, hb
shown by the tosstbtbeycoatda, or ttmt are considered together for coovenlence In mapping or deacrlp-
tloD. A tornHtion Is named f lom the place where It wu fret ettidled or from some place or region irben
Itis well exposed. The Kelbab linustane, for eiample, is so named beoause It is Tail eipaaed on tlM
Ealbab FIciteau.

GRAND CAKTON NATIOHAL PABK

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OEAKD CANYON NATIONAL PABK 11

ABCHITBCTURAL FOBMB DOUINATB THX CANTON

As the fonnations lie in'ordwly honzontal layers, like beds of
masonry, they have been carved into definite architectural forms,
which are everywhere nearly identical in profile though varied end .
irr^iular in plan, and as they vary in their resistance to erosion,
somo being hard, some soft, every part of the canyon wall, every
pinnacle and butte, is characterized by its own steplike alternation
of chS, slope, uid shelf. Each resistant bed stands forth as a diff,
and each weak bed is marked by a slope. Each shelf or platform is
made by the wasting back of a weak stratum that lies upon a resistant,
cliff-making stratum, uid the greater the thickness of the weak
stratum the broader the shelf. The plateaus that border the canyon
are themselves simply great terraces developed on a resistant forma-
tion, the Kaibab limestone, from which overlying softer beds have
been washed away. As erosion goes on parts of the canyon wall or
plateau become separated by the widening of branch canyons or
ravines and stand as solitary outliers capped by remnants of a hard
bed of rock. These remnants are the buttes and temples. The
great height of the plateau gives rapid fall to the streams that enter
the canyon and enables them to cut powerfully and deeply and thus
to carve the rocks into forms that are fashioned on a gigantic scale.
The erosion accomplished by these streams, though spasmodic, be-
cause the streams are mainly fed by spasmodic rainstorms in an arid
climate, is none the less effective. The slopes here are partly bare
of vegetation because the desert plants grow far apart, and the con-
centrated eneigy of a single torrential shower may therefore wreak
more havoc than would be caused by a season's rainfall on plant-
covered slopes in a humid region. It is this prevailing aridity that,
by retarding the growth of vegetation and the formation of soil,
keeps sharp and fresh profiles that in a moister region would soon be
dulled or obscured.

SECTIONS ACB08B THE CANTON

The three sections across the Grand Canyon shown ia Figure 2
(A, B, G) illustrate the intimate relation between the profile of the
wall and the character of the rocks. In A, where the rocks along
the river are the weak shales of the Algonkian Grand Canyon series,
the bottom of the canyon is a broad valley having gently sloping
sides. In B these weak stratified rocks are replaced by the hard
Archean crystalline rocks, and the river occupies a narrow gorge —
the Granite Gorge. As these hard crystalline rocks are not arranged
in beds and are all about equally resistant to erosion the walls of the
Cb-anite Gorge have a steep, continuous slope, which presents a
nf rilring contrast to the steplike profile of the wall in the ovra-lying

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12 QEAHD CANTON NATIONAL PABK

bedded Paleozoic rocks. In C the river occupiee a narrow box-
shaped vertical-walled canyon in Uie hard Tapeats sandstone, the
basal formation of the horizontal Paleozoic beds.

In C the weak Hermit shale, in the upper wall of the caoyoo, is
thick and consequently wastes far back from the summit of the
underlying hard Supai sandstone, leaving a wide platform known as
the Esplanade. This platform, because of its great width and its
conspicuous red color, is the dominant feature of the canyon land-
scape in all the western part of the national park. But the Hermit
shfde steadily gets thinner eastward in the canyon, as may be seen in
sections B and A, whereas the overlying cliff-making Coconino sand-
stone, which defends the retreat of the wall above the Esplanade,
gets steadily thicker in the same direction. The Esplanade thus
becomes a narrow bench in B and fades to an inconspicuous ledge in A.

In B the weak Bright Angel shale has determined a similar plat-
form in the bottom of the canyon. This platform, known as the
Tonto platform, or the "lower plateau," is widest in the region about
and east of Bright Angel and Hermit Trails, where it is a familiar
feature to tourists. It gets narrower westward as the overlying
Muav and KedwaU formations grow thicker and become firmer in
texture.

This marvelous adjustment of external form to the inequaUtios of
rock structure and character affords to the geologist the strongest
evidence that the canyon is the work of erosion.

A TJNIOUB EEVELATION OP QEOLOGIO HBTOHT

A large part of ancient geologic history is revealed more clearly in
the walls of the Grand Canyon than in any other place in the world.
The beds of rock seen in the canyon were all laid down in water as
layers of sand, mud, and limy ooze and in time were hardened into
rock by the great weight of the layers above them, the lime and sihca
that they contained cementing their particles together. As rocks of
this kind are composed of sediment deposited in water the geolo^t
calls them sedimentary rocks, and as they are piled in beds or strata
one above another they are said to be stratified, and the beds are
called strata.

The horizontal strata seen in the walls of the canyon were formed
during the Paleozoic era {the era of "old life"); they represent the
oldest series of rocks that have yielded clearly identifiable traces of
life. Many of the strata contain the remaii^ of marine animals and
were therefore evidently laid down on tiie bottom of the sea, although
the region now stands high above the present sea leveL Others,
notably certain beds of red shale and sandstone in the Supai and
Hermit formations (see fig. 1), appear to have been spread out as
mud and sand on low-lying land or on delta plains by shifting streams;

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GRAND CANTON NATIONAL PAEK 13

and one formation, the Coconino saudfitone, is regarded by some
geologists as a sand-dune deposit. Nearly all the Paleozoic formar
tions contain some traces of life — ^iu the Xaibab and the Kedwall
limestones there are corals and many kinds of marine shells ; in the
formations of the Tonto group, the remains of primitive shellfish,
worm trails, and impressions of seaweeds; in the Temple Butte Ume-
stoDe, the remains of an ancient type of fish; and in the Hermit
shale, impressions of long-extinct plants. Fossil tracks of small
animals, probably older forms of amphibia, occur in the Coconino
sandstone along the Hermit Trail. The aggregate thickness of the
Paleozoic rocks varies from place to place, but in the part of the
Grand Canyon that is included within the national park it avera^a
4,000 feet.

BOCKS OIJ>EB THAN THE PALEOZOIC

Ancient as are the formations of the Paleozoic era, two great sys-
tems of rocks — the Algonkiau and the Archean— are buried beneath
their base and appear only in the depths of the canyon. The rocks
of the older system, the Archean, form the walls of the Granite Gorge.
They are the foundation rocks of the region, and they are totally
unlike the Paleozoic rocks, for they ar« entirely crystalline, are not
stratified, and show a crumpled banding, due to the arrangement of
their constituent minerals in parallel layers, an arrangement pro-
duced by heat, pressure, and recrystallization. The Archean rocks
are mainly of the type known as gneiss and schist, but they include
granite in lai^e masses and dikes that have been intruded while
molten into the gneiss and schist. The Archean rocks have been
named the Vishnu schist. They contain no traces of life.

The rocks of the younger of Uiese two systems, the Algonkian, are
intermediate in ag^ between the Archean and the Paleozoic rocks and
occur here and there in the depths of the canyon in wedge-shaped
masses that lie between the Archean and the Paleozoic. They can
be easily distinguished by the casual observer in the r^on between
Grand View and the mouth of the Little Colorado, where at least
12,000 feet of them remain. Small masses are exposed near the
mouth of Bright Angel Creek opposite El Tovar, on Oiystal Creek, on
^linunio Creek, and along Colorado Kiver west of Powell Plateau.
These rocks, like the Paleozoic, are stratified and do not differ greatly
in character and appearance from some of the Paleozoic strata, notably
the red Supai and Hermit formations, but, unlike the Paleozoic
strata, they have been tilted from the horizontal position in which
they were originally deposited, so that they are inclined at various
angles. These A^onki&n rocks have been named the Grand Canyon
series. The few obscure fossils found in them are so poorly preserved
that they tell very Uttle concerning the primitive life of the period.

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14 otuND Canton national pabe

OKEAT UNOONFOBHTTIES

Each of these two great rock systems — the Archean and the AlgoQ-
kian — is separated from the one that overlies it by a nearly even
surface that cuts across or truncates all imderljring beds or masses.
This truncation marks what is known to geol<^ts as an imcon-
formity. Each unconformity jneans that the rocks below it were
worn down by streams or waves to a nearly level surface before the
material that formed the overlying rocks was deposited.

The top of the Paleozoic series is also marked as an unconformity,
for although the Paleozoic beds are the highest that appear in the
wall of the Grand Canyon they actually once lay beneath a later thick
series of horizontal deposits. The traveler who comes to the Grand
Canyon from the north descends step by step in southern Utah a
great series of cliffs and terraces carved in horizontal beds, much like
the Paleozoic. The most noted scenic features of southern Utah —
Zion Canyon, Bryce Canyon, and the Vermilion, White, and Pink
cliffs — are carved in these beds, which overlie the Paleozoic and repre-
sent deposits of later systems, the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous,
which are of Mesozoic Bge, and part of a still later ^fstem, the Tertiary.
These later beds once extended across the entire r^on in which the
Grand Canyon lies, covering it to a thickness at least twice as great
as the canyon is deep, but nearly all of them have been worn away
by erosion. A few small masses of them still remain as huttes on the
Coconino Plateau south of the Grand Canyon. One of these, Red
Butte, lies 15 miles south of El Tovar. Another, Cedar Mountain,
lies 2 miles east of the rim of the Grand Canyon near Desert View.
Cedar Mountain is interestii^ because the formation that caps it,
the Shinarump conglomerate, contains logs of petrified wood. The
petrified forests of Arizona (Petrified Forest National Moumnent),
which lie southeast of the Grand Canyon region, occur in a formation
that immediatdy overlies the Shinarump conglomerate and that is
exposed over wide areas hut has been removed from Cedar Mountain
and Red Butte by erosion.

The rock record just described is laid bare in the Grand Canyon
and in the cliffs of southern Utah with the clearness of a diagram, so
that the sequence of geol<^c events in the r^on can be read from
it with ease and certainty. The unconformity that truncates the
Archean rocks means that an enormous thickness of overlyii^ rock
^had been removed from them before the Algonkian beds that now
he upon them were deposited, and consequently that a vast r^on,
once high and mountainous, was reduced by erosion through long
ages to the level plain represented by the unconformity.

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GEAHD CANTON NATIONiL PABK 15

When the land had been worn down to a plain it sank and was
buried under at least 12,000 feet of mud and sand that now foim
the Grand Canyon series of Algookian age. After these beds had
thus accumulated they were uplifted, tilted, and broken into huge
blocks that must have formed high ranges of motmtains. Then
followed a long period of erosion, during which the mountains were
worn down neariy to a plain. This plain is represented by the
uncfmfonuity that separates the eroded Archean and Algonkian
rocks from the overlytt^ horizontal Paleozoic strata. Exposed
as it is for the aHire length of the Granite Gorge and for many
miles upstream from the Granite Gorge, and visible everywhere
from the rim of the canyon, this uDcooformity is the most spec-
tacular known illustration of such a feature. It was not so even
a surface aa the older unconformity, for some of the hard sand-
stones of the tilted Algonkian blocks long resisted raxwion and stood
as low hills on the plain. A section of one of these bilk is visible
in the canyon wall from El Tovar. It lies imder Cheops Pyramid,
just west of the mouth of Bright Angel Creek, and It rises well abovo
the base of the Paleozoic beds, which were deposited around it.

eUBMEBQENOB, DEPOSITION, trPUFI, AND EHOSION

At the end of Algonkian time the land was again submerged, and
the horizontal Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and early Tertiary strata were
slowly deposited. The time consumed by the deposition of theee
strata, whose aggregate thickness exceeds 15,000 feet, was long,
even in the geolc^c sense of the word "long," for it must be esti-
mated in millions rather than in thousands of years, spanning as
it does the countless ages during which life was evolved from the
primitive marine shellfish to the apelike predecessor of man. Yet
it was short in comparison with the time oonsumed by the succession
of events recorded before the Paleozoic strata were laid down, for
that earlier period was inconceivably long, certainly far longer
than all ihe time that has elapsed from the beginning of the Paleozoic
era to the present day.

In Tertiary time the r^on was again uplifted and a period of
erosion b^an. Streams cut channels into the surface of the land and
ia time formed broad valleys, which thus continued to expand until
at last most of the land stood but little above the level of the sea.
At the end of this period of erosion, which is sometimes called the
great denudation, most of Uie strata above the Pfdeozoic had been
removed from the Grand Canyon region; their edges had been worn
hack northward 50 miles to the border of Utah, and the surface
of the r^ion had been reduced to a nearly even plain. The present
course of the Colorado Eiver must have been determined by a topog-
raphy different from that of to-day, for in most of the region that

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16 OBAND CANYON NATIONAL PABK

lies witliiu the natiooal park, as one may see at El Totbt, the land
south of the canyon slopes directly away from its rim, so that the
canyon runs across instead of down a slope.

FOU>ING AND FAULTING

The uplifts of the region that raised the Paleozoic and Meeozoic
strata in Tertiary time were very different from those recorded be-
neath the unconformities in the canyon vails, lite rocks were not
compressed and folded, like the Archean, uor were they broken into
tilted masses, like the Algookian; instead, the whole r^ion was lifted
bodily, the strata still preserving essentially the horizontal attitude
in which they were laid down. Yet the uphft was not equal over all
parts of the region. If, for example, we should cross the Kaibab
Plateau from east to west, say from House Rock Valley to Ryan, we
should find the limestone strata at its western margin ending sud-
denly in a cliff and appearing again 1,500 feet below, on the surface
of the plateau on the west — the Kanah Plateau. Such a break,
along which the starta on one side have slipped past those on the
other, is known as a fault. At the eastern margin of the plateau we
should find the strata bending suddenly downward in a great curve
returning again as sharply to a horizontal attitude, and continuing
eastward as the surface of the Marble Platform. This type of dis-
location is known as a flexure, or fold.

The uplifted Grand Canyon region is divided into great horizontal
plateau blocks like the Kaibab Plateau by dislocations of the type
just described, either folds or faults, that trend north and south; and
the Grand Canyon crosses these plateaus from east to west. The
name of each plateau has been given to the section of the canyon that
crosses it. Thus the section of the canyon that transects the Kaibab
Plateau is known as the Kaibab divbion. The Grand Canyon
National Park include all the Kaibab and part of the next western
division — the Kanab.

In addition to the great dislocations that separate the plateaus
there are numerous small faults and folds in the r^on, some of them
in the Grand Canyon. Many visitors who have noticed the faults
ask whether the canyon does not owe its origin or at least its course to
a fault, but although geologists have studied the canyon at many
places they have found no evidence of the existence of such a frac-
ture. If it existed it could not have escaped notice, so perfect are
the exposures of the beds in the rocky walls alot^ the numerous
turns of the river. Nor do any considerable parts of the canyon
coincide with faults. On the other hand, it may be said that faults
have guided the course of many tributary goiges in the Grand Can-
yon, and even some parts of the course of the river, though not in the
way popularly supposed. Erosion, not dislocation, has been the

QHAND CANTON NATIONAL PAEK 17

chief agent that detenniiied the course of each goi^e. Movement
along some of the faults, bj crushing the adjacent rock, has formed
zones of weakness, which, under the searching action of erosion, have
become ravines or gorges. An example is the gorge of Garden Creek,
which is followed by the Bright Angel Trail in front of El Tovar.
The course of this goi^ has been detennined by a smaU fault, which '
has shattered the great cliffs of the Coconino sandstone and Kedwall
limestone and has made possible the construction of the trail. The
strata have been displaced about 100 feet by the faults, those on the
west side having been relatively elevated.

THE WORK OF MAEINQ THE CANTON

During the last great uplift of the r^on, which may still be in
progress and which has raised the plateau to its present height, the
land rose so gradually that the river remained in its original chan-
nel and kept cutting deeper and deeper. The canyon is thus deep
because the land is high and because in this arid region the river,
fed by the rains and snows of the Rocky Moimtains and armed with
great quantities of mud and sand and gravel, washed into it by its
tributaries, has lowered its bed faster than its tributaries could
lower the adjacent plateau. But, although the Colorado Kiver has
thus dug the canyon, the various forms of rock sculpture seen in
the waUs of the canyon have been detrained by variations in the
behavior of the beds under the attack of the agents of erosion. And
this erosion is still going on. The observer of to-day who stands in
awe on the brink of the canyon or who finds his way precariously
down the traUs that lead to its depths should realize that the work
of making this mighty chasm is not yet finished. The various agents
that have modeled the canyon — the rushing torrent below and the
small streams that descend to join it, the intermittent rain and
snow and frost, and those subtle yet effective chemical activities
that aid in the decay of the rocks, and, above all, the ever dominant
pull of gravity on all loose particles — all are still at work on this
wonderful piece of earth sculpture. In the Grand Canyon of to-day
we see the accumulated results of the action of powers that appar-
ently leave from year to year but slight traces of their action but
that, persisting in their work through uncomputed ages, have pro-
duced results of marvelous immensity.

mSTORV OF THE CANYON •

Don Lopez de Cardenas, of Coronado's expedition, discovered the
Grand Canyon in 1540, as a result of stories told by the Hopi (Moquie)
Indians to Don Pedro de Tovar. The old records describe a chasm
which seemed to be more than 3 or 4 leagues across in an air line —
"gue auia mas de tres o gvatro legvas por el ayre."

at Frederick B. Delleabaugb.

1 1» Google

18 GBA^D CANYON RATIONAL FABE

For a long period thereafter the Qraod Canyon region and the
Colorado Kiver remained practically unknown. It is next recorded
as having been seen by two Spanish priests in 1776; Padie Oarcce
crossing eastward from the lower Colorado to the Hopi towns, who
halted, he says, "at the sight of the moat profound casones which
ever onward continue, and within these flows the Colorado," and
Padre E^calante, who, in searching for a place to cross from the north
after his failure to proceed westward from Santa Fe to Monteiey,
finally found the old Ute ford, used by Indians for centuries, near t^e
foot of Glen Canyon {in latitude 37°), and by means of it was able
to reach Zuni. The ford then became known as El Vado de hs
Padres — the Crossing of the Fathers — for lor^ the only known cross-
ing of the Colorado in a distance of several hundred miles.

The first American to visit the region was James O. Pattie, accom-
panied by Ms father. They trapped beaver on the lower Colorado
in 1825 and 1826, In 1826, returning eastward, they traveled for
13 days, following, apparently, the Grand Canyon as well as they
could, but unable to reach the river at any point, till at last they
arrived at a place where the river " emerges from these horrid moun-
tains," This was the first extended trip on record of any human
being aloi^ the brink of the Grand Canyon.

The famous American trapper and pioneer, Jedediah Smith, crossed
the river going west in the Mohave coimtry in 1826 and again in 1827.
In this latter year the Patties returned to the lower Colorado and
trapped down the river from the mouth of the Gila in dugouts, the
first navigators of this portion since Alarcon, of the Coronado expe-
dition, came up in 1540. Quite unexpectedly they made the ac-
quaintance of the great bore at the mouth of the river, where they
were in waters that Lieutenant Hardy, of the British Navy, had
entered the year before.

Other trappers after beaver then followed into the region, and the
Government began sending out exploring parties. One of these
under Sitgreaves crossed the Colorado in 1851 about 150 miles above
Yuma, and three years later another under Whipple, surveying for
a railway along the thirty-fifth parallel, crossed a few miles above the
mouth of Bill Williams Pork.

When the California gold rudi developed one trail of the Forty-
niners led down the Gila and acrcws the Colorado at its mouth, and
now various activities on the lower river began. The fiist steamboat
was brought to the mouth of the Colorado and up it in 1852. It was
named the Unde Sam.

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ORAND CANTON NATIONAL PABK 19

Edward F. Beale, surveyii^ a GoTenmieiit wagon road, crossed
and recros8ed in 1857 and 1858, near the mouth of Bill Williams
Fork, Euid in 1858, January, the Government exploring expedition
under Lieutenant Ires proceeded from the mouth up the river in a
flniB.11 stem-wheel iron steamer, the Ex-plorer, as far as the foot of
Black Canyon, whence the ascent was continued in a small boat to
the mouth of the Vegas Wash. This was not the first steamer up,
however, as Captain Johnson, of a commercial navigation company,
had Bt«Bmed up and passed with his steamboat dear through Black
Canyon to its head some days before, mainly to "get ahead" of Ives,
who had earlier displeased Johnson. Ives then proceeded overland
to the mouth of Diamond Creek and to the Hopi towns via Havasu
Canyon,

"It seems intended by nature," says LieutenaDt Ives, after vainly
trying to reach the rim, "that the Colorado River, along the greater
part of its lonely and majestic way, shall be forever imvisited and
undistmrbed."

Thiij same year of 1858 saw the first crossing on record of the
Colorado from the north, since Escalante, by white men. This was
accomplished by Jacob Hamblin, a well-known Mormon, a mission-
ary and Indian agent, from Utah to the Hopi towns. An Indian
guided him to the Ute ford (Crossing of the Fathers) and he used it
thereafter almost yearly. These Mormons for loi^ years were the only
persons besides Navajos and Utes to cross the river anywhere. The
ford, known to few, was difficult and dangerous at all times and
impossible except at low water.

In 1862 Hamblin went around the Grand Canyon by the west end
to the Hopi towns and returned by the Crossing of the Fathers at the
east end, practically, as Marble Canyon begii^ a few miles below.
The next year he wenti again around by the west end to the Hopis,
visiting the "hermit" tribe, the Havasupais, in their deep canyon
home, on the way, the fiist white man on record to do so
after Lieutenant Ives. The party returned to St. George around
(he west end of the Grand Canyon. Nobody, as yet, went to the
rim and there was no known crossing of the Grand Canyon itself
snywhere by white men.

Another attempt to descend Green River from the California Trail
{near the present Union Pacific Railway) was made in 1849, by
Wlham Manly and party. They expected to find a shorter and
easier road to the California gold fields. After a hard time they
emerged into Uinta Valley, where they met the noted Ute chief
Wakar ("Walker"), who was good to them and ui^d them not to
try to go farther down the river.

In 1867 a man named James White was picked up from a raft near
Callville, below the mouth of the Virgin, in an exhausted condition,
and those who aided him immediately but erroneously assumed that

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aO QBAND CANYON NATIONAL PABK

lie had cofli^ down through the (h-and Canyon, the result of an igno-
rance Bs gceat on their part as on that of White. He knew nothing
about tbe interior of the great canyon and mentioned that he had run
one big rapid, whereas he should have mentioned big rapids by the
dozen.

So nothing became definitely known, about the mysterious interior
of the Grand Canyon or of the canyons of the Colorado River above
as far as the Uinta Valley on Green River until Maj. John Wesley
Powell, one-armed veteran of the Civil War, made his famous passage
of all the canyons. He started with nine men and four boats from
Green River City, Wyo. (on the Union Pacific Railway, then the only
railway across the continent), on May 24, 1869. One of the men left
the party (Goodman) , disheartened, in the Uinta Valley.

The terrifying waterfalls and undei^round passages described by
trappers and Indians were not found, but the declivity was often
extremely great and continuous (as in Cataract Canyon, where it is
continuous for about 20 miles), producing violent cataracts, with
huge waves and a water velocity of over 20 miles an hour, frequently
studded with giant rocks.

The trip was one of incredible hardship and danger, led by the
Major with his one left arm, the other having been lost at the Battle
of Shiloh. The plunging rapids in the whole length of the journey
numbered several hundred to overcome the 6,000 feet difference in
altitude between Green River City and the sea. The boats were
often upset and the passage of many of the rapids was perilous to a
degree. Frequently the party would be forced to embark on long
foaming decUviti^ without being able to discover what other, per-
haps greater, falls might he around the precipitously waUed bends in
front of them.

One of the boats, some of the scientific instruments, and a consider-
able amount of the food supply were lost in the Canyon of Lodore ; and
some that was rescued had to be left, as the remaining boats were
overloaded. For weeks the clothing of the adventurers was never
dry; and when they finally entered the mighty depths of the Grand
Canyon itself, in August, there was little food remaining.

The sharpest rapids occur in the granite, and the first Granite
Gorge, running past the Powell Monument, contains the worst por-
tion of the whole river. When, therefore, another " Granite Gorge"
developed below Diamond Creek, the men, stalwart and full of nerve
though they were, having become somewhat demoralized by lack of
food and the tremendous strain, were disheartened. Three of them
consequently announced that they would go no farther.

This was desertion, but they preferred it to risking the difficulties
they saw ahead. They beUeved they could climb out and reach the
well-known Mormon settlements on the north, and they behoved a
river party would be lost or starve.

^dbyGoogle

eUAND CANTON NATIONAL PABK 21

"At one time," says Powell in his report, "I almost concluded to
leave the rivOT. But for years I liave been contemplating this trip.
To leave the exploration unfinished, to say that there is a part of
the canyon which I can not explore, having already almost accom-
plished it, is more than I am willing to acknowledge, and I determine
to go on. * ♦ * For the last time they entreat us not to go on,
and tell us that it is madness to set out in tliia place." The same
appeal that Dunn made to Hawkins, the cook of the party, as Haw-
kins himself tells it.

William R. Hawkins, writing of this in after years, says Uie three
men had "made up their minds to go, and Dunn said he hated to
leave Hall and myself, as we had been together a loi^ time, and that
we would perish in the river. [Note the fear of the river which had
developed in the minds of at least three.] While we were taUdng,
the majcH* caxne up to me and laid his left arm [he had no right]
across my neck, tears running down his cheeks. By that time the
rest of the boys were present, and the major said to me: 'Bill, do
you really mean what you say' [that he would stick to the major on
the river] i I told him that 1 did, and he said that if he had one
man that would stay with him that he would not abandon the river.
I just simply said that he did not know bis party."

He certainly had reason, with three men about to deeert, to believe
that others might. The other five were true, however, and it is only
just to say that one of the deserters would' have stood true, also, had
it not been for his brother, who was determined to leave. They all
then drank coffee together. The boat party went on, the desertets
climbed out on the north, each party thinking the other party doomed.
The deserters would have fared well enough and would have arrived
at the Mormon settlements had it not been that the Shewits Indiana
on the plateau believed, or said later that they beUeved, that these
were miners who had committed de^Mredations on a tribe to the south.
The men were therefore killed not far from Mount Dellenbaugh, and
their clothing, rifles, etc., appropriated.

The place on the river where they left the major is now known as
Separation Bapid. The day after they departed Powell and "the
futhfnl five" reached the end of the great chasm without serious
mishap. The names of the three deswters have justly been omitted
from tiie roll of honor inscribed on the Powell Monument.

Powell's journal of this famous voyage is one of the most fascinating
tales of adventure in literature. A large part of his metier notes
havix^ been lost, Powdl repeated the trip on a more extensive basis
in 1S71 and 1S72, obtfuning then the data on which bis report was
based. Tliere is no account of this second, vital expedition except in
A Oanyon Voyage, by Frederick S. Dellenbaugh, a member of that
party. Afterwards Powell became director of the United States Geo-
Ic^cal Survey and of the Bureau of Ethnology, which he established.

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22 QBAND CANTON NATIONAL PABK

^THR CANYON A3 A MSOIT

"Die Grand Canytm is xery much more thao a wonder place or a
scientific museum on a titanic scale. It is a pleasure resort of the
first order. It may he visited any day in ^e year. The railroad to
the South Kim is always running and the hotel alwaya open. When
most other resorts are closed the Grand Canyon is easily acoeasible.

Duiing the winter snow falls in the pine forest along ih.6 rim; uid
though the upper portions are snow covered, the trails into the can-
yon are open and safe; the floor of the canyon is warm and comfort-
able the year round. When nipping frosts redden cheeks on the
lim, (he most fragile flowers are blooming in the canycoi.

The weather in July and August is wurm but not hot on ihe rim;
the altitude takes care of that. There are cool mornings, eveoings,
and nights no matter how warm it may be at midday.

Arizona is a land of sunshine; the air is dry and the winds are li^t.
While spring and fall are more attractire than midsummer or mid-
winter, all the seasons have each its special charm. From Deoeonber
to March snow is more or less abundant on the rim and a few hundred
feet down the trail. Camping-out parties must then confine them-
selves to the inner canyon, which is morecomfortahle than therim areas.

THE NORTH RIM OP THE CANYON

There is a remarkable difference between the north and south rims.
The north rim, a thousand feet higher, is a colder country, clothed
with thick, lusty forests of spruce, pine, fir, and quaking aspen, with
no su^estions of the desert. Springs are found here ; and deer are
more plentiful than in any other area in the United States, as many
as 1,000 having been counted along the auto road in one evening. It
is a region soon to be used by hundreds of campers-out.

The views from the north rim are markedly different. One there
sees close at hand the vast temples which form the background of
ihe south rim view. One looks down upon them, and beyond them
at the distant canyon floor and its gapii^ gorge which hides the
riv^; and beyond these the south rim rises like a great streaked flat
wall, and beyond that ^ain, miles away, the dim blue San Fran-
cisco Peaks. It is certainly a spectacle full of sublimity and chum.
There are those who, having seen both, consider it the greater. One
of these was Dutton, whose description of the view from Point Sub-
lime has become a dassic. But there are many strenuous advocates
of the superiority of the south rim view, which displays close at hand
the detail of the mighty diasm of the Colorado, and views the monster
t^nples at parade, far enough away to see them in full perspective.

Tlie trail trip to the north rim is now puf ectly feasible by the com-
pletion of the Kaibab Suspension Bridge over the Colorado River and
the repairs on the Kaibab Trail up Bright Angel Canyon. It is about
32 miles from Grand Canyon to the WyUe Way Camp on Bright Angel
Point. About 12 miles are made the first day, stopping overnight at
Phantom Ranch; the remaining 20 miles are covered the second day.

QRAlfD CAK70N NATIONAL PABE 29

Auto transportation and rates for reacliiog this side of the park
from the north are giy&i on page 67.

TABIMS OP DISTANCES AND ALTrr[X>ES

ROADS

J HERMIT TRAIL AND BERMTT

Rood to Hamapal

Tnfl to Hermit R«st

Fowall MemorlBl

Hopl Point—

Molivs Fotot

The Abya*

Cut-on to Hsirolt Rol...

PlfionCoTe

Pima Point. _

Cut-oft to Grand Cmnyon.
H«mlt aest

TnU to Natural Bridiu.
H«d of Bemlt Tnll . . . .

iBrtara ol Qraud Canyoii

By toot or honebsck to Hennlt Rat or Hermit

Tnll.tmilee.
Memorial to M»J. John Wcsle; Powell, SmM-

LooUng down from the Great Mohave WalL

Old road to Heimlt Rest.

Orare of pifloii pines.

Floe view of eanyon and river, wilb Hennlt

CmA CablDB vblble bmeath.
Old road to Orand CanyoD, G milea.
Intemtlng Harvey rmt house. Light refteal^

Grand Canyon_.._

Road to YavBinl Point..

Motor crosalns

Trail to YaiiPtdnt

Moqnl Trail

Rowe Well Road

Trail to ShDshiHW Point..
Wmianu Bead Jonction.

Long Jim Canyon

Long Jim tool cache .

Long Jim Canyon, oast

Thor"! Hammer

To OraDd Vl«w Pdnt....

Onnd View Hotel

Onnd Viaw Camp

GroQuda-
Hancetandi

I^k boundary

naptaa road

Park boundary..... _

Dmm Vlow.VIiri"!""

_. . headquarters of Orand Can.

yoD National Park.

View of canyon and river. KalbaJj SoBpon-
sion Bridge Tislhle beneath.

Cattle guard la drift fenoe that eaeircin head-
quarters district.

Trail through forest. Sometimes called Cre-
mation Point. .

Saddle-horse trail to Orand View.

Old road to Rows Well Ranger ~' '

Maine, WOUbidb, and IhtattB.

jnaine, n ujibiub, aoa r m
. typical aurbce canyon or

flra. Telephone.

rangers In flgfaUng

Notable ciduimu of llmntoDa.

Navaio Mountain, river, etc.
Old >ta<e hotel. Not In operation for many

rim of Grand Canyon.

Grand View ai' '- "

Old stage read

DesartVlew et.

Looally called Lincoln Point.

Navajo Point. Fine view of Marble Can;

Plated Desert, Naialo Mounlatn, etc.

M to' the park.

I Tlaeitd. Al

OBAND CAKYON NATIOIfAL PAKE

ORAND C-JfYON. BOWES RANCH, TDBA CITY, MOENKOFI, FLAOSTATF

DMaocebom-

Alti-
tude

Onrod
Canyon

Tab*

citr

JlOa

Fat

^^^MltM.

DlManoalnaii—

tode

Flu*

g^^

Bmarks

MOa

.TO
L9S

&2S
7.00
8. BO

l^M

1400
15.80

37.80
SI. SO

Jflki
33.»

S3.U

SIM

20.00

J3.30

3a 70
19.20

8,876
8.820

8,800

Boad to Bill Top and Topombya Spring the
head of Havasa Trail, 16 miles to BaTBSUpal

™..h™i.b......

8,081
8,183
0,376
8,340

8,336

Road to Bowe WeU Tanntrtstloa.

Bsneer station, NaUoud Park Service. Tele-

To E^t TraU, Henntt Basia, and Hermit

Tnll to Drlppinc Springs. Fine Bpriiu and
Bood trail, Smiles. iStools.

Uidted Btstes Oeolodcal Survey bencb mark.

DrlppfnE Springs tool

Boad to Buss Camp.

SUtoa aloloilonl'si^

SS!

4081

tJnlted States Geological eorvey bsich mark.

United 8tst« Oeologlail Surrey beach mark.
Indian pasture.

8,771
6.773

idb,Google

OaUTD CANYON HATIONAL FABK

DlntanoBfram-

AltltDda

c-Si

Aril.

Jfllu

MOO

M.10
H.00

M.00
10.00

IS. 00
30.00

'A,

0,800

CBltle-prootcitiBslQg throngh drift rsnoa.

Sooth eotraooe to Ormd Cuyou Nstlonid
zShiank lor cattle.

Boad to YBVap^ Point..

6,118

Lett-hand fork to Mains, Aili.

Smo

Neareat shopping po[nt Ui Orend CaoTon.
CooDty seat of Coconino County.

I BIM OKAND

Wylle Way Camp

North rim rangra station.

CaayouNaUoDalPark.
De Motto Park

Pleasant Valley

East ljBkt-S-"SilV.".'.'.'.'..
Jacob's Lake laakont

itatlon.
Jacob's l«ke rangH sla-

tim, Forest Service.

Mft^oe

Fredonla-

Kinab

Pipe Spline

Cedar Mountain

BotBB, Antelope Bpflno.

Red Creek _...

Short Cteek

Top Hmrirane Uulu

Hnrrtcane

Zlon National Pack.

AccommodAtionfl for travelerB on Bright Angel
Pohjt, north rlni o( Orand Canyon.

National Park Service ranger station. Head-
quarters lor north rim.

Qrand Canyon National
Bange of mule.

Bangs of whlte-UJled aqnlnelB.

Foreet Berrlce ranger alatloD,

Boondary line of proposed Prraident'a Forest.
Only post offlce in Ariuna north of the Orand

Most southerly lovn In Utah. Good hotel.
Old Mormon lart. Spring IDnimly came oot
of the solid rock In the stockade.

Yosemlte done In oils.

idb,Google

GRAND CANTON NATIONAL PAKE

Dtotancelrom-

AlUtode

Orand

Canyon

wu,^

.M
4.30

S.U

B.«a
22! oo

6S.I»

M-OO
83.10

te.Ti)
M.00

41.00
S-00

P«t

Road to Yavapai PolDt-

Bridge and Phantom feanoh Tlsible beneath.
Cattlt-proot crossing through dHft fen«.

Btatian.

PeA.

BiaaU lakg and Junction with Sprini Valley
road— connection ol Maine with Wdllams

QBAND CANYON 1

Distance f rom—

Grand Caayon

Head of Britbt Angel

Trail.
Jacob's Ladder

Tonlo Trail

Do-

Pipe Creek

Head or Kalbab Ti^ill!
Eaibab Suspension brldg

Phantom Ranch.

Phantom Creek___

Head of Boi Canyon...
Ribbon Falla._

WallCteek _„

27.60
20.30
26.70
29.00 .
23.00

The

-, -, ancient Lidlan pictograpba and
the vail.

; ol traU bunt through blue Ihuestone

660 feet thick.

of Cottonwood trees watered by Qarden

Not always occupied.

Kalbab Suflponsion BrtdE^

Hermit Creek Cabins. IT mllea.

. Lett-hand fork to Colorado BItbc

Bright Angel Trail.

Ranger camp. " —

. QoDd water.

LeR-band fork I

and nociJi rim.

Built by NaUooal Puk Service in 1«31. Only

bridge across Colorado lor seTeral hundred

InlerMtlng new Barrey Camp, stone niiltau"

Well located tor hildng, dimbiae. etc
-k deep canyon coming In [rom the west.
Near end al gra^ in Brii^t Antial Cre*.
Very beautltul tails where cnek diopa ovar tad

Creek camh^ Iram the right. Old name i>

North rim rangor st
Wylle Way Camp.

B,liO
8,260

Spring an top at red wall.
End ot climb. North rim.
Old ranger cabin. Headquarters ot si

horse concessioners.
Ranger headquarters on nntb rim. Set

Inlormation servicB.
Accommodatimis lor nt^th rim visitofs.

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QRANT> CANYON NATIONAL PABK

Onad B«rm[|

Orsnd CanjTin.__.
Junb'j LaddCT

ToutoTraa

PhMsnPolnl

Biltledilp

Dum Butte— I.r..

Tholnlemo

Salt Creek

TTie Alligator

C*dBr Hpiioe.

Uonumsnt Creek.

Beiniit Cabins

Qdondo River,

JTOm
Zl.OO

18. SO

AdmlnlatratLTB headquarters o( Orand Canyon

Trail tbroueb bhie limeBtone, SSOfeet.

Orove ol cotumwood trees watered by Oardan

Creek. Former boTneotlndians.
Right-band fork to Colorado River and Cunp

Roosevelt.
Plateau Point, l mile.
BattlesUponleft.

View of gorge, river, etc.
Locally called Hell's Hall Acre.

Butte called AlUgator on left.

Distance [torn—

Altitude

S^L

Hermit
Cabins

RenuAs

Xllts

B.30
TOO

3.00

Fitt
^87B

6,270
J. 550

a; 050

Rock where Marsha] Foch sat for half hour or
more smoking bis pipe December. 1921.

m^^

Trail to Dripping SpriDjp and Boudier TraiL
Good water. Heat pavilion.
Good water.

noB Harvey camp.

a NEAR ORAND CANYON

Flaw

direction Irom

By-

Alti.

,^„

oawesf^

"SStS"™

8.8efl
8,8W

e,BTO

7,000
S.887

T.OSO

04we8t

m^ Rock, HOU

Him loot trail

arsadCanyou
Bright AnwdTrin-

ing picture leohire daily of

Bright Angel Trail. An-

UuJwpa Point

vlew of San Franciaeo

Fine creek of good water.

Rlm toot tran.

"--

Fine view. Kalbab Suspen-
sion Bridge visible.

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28 GRAND CANTON NATIONAL PAEK

HOW LONG TO STAY

Time required. — While one ought to remain a week or two, a stop-
over of three or four days from the transcontiaental trip will be quite
satisfactory. The Hermit Loop overnight trip, down one trail and
up another, requires two days and a night, or more time may be
taken and include Phantom Banch. One day should be devoted to
an auto ride along the Hermit Kim Road, and by auto to Grand View
and Deaert View. Another day go down Bright Angel Trail and back.
A fourth day spent in short walks to nearby points or on horseback
will enable visitors to get more intimate views,

The several trips mentioned above are all well worth while, and the
high plateau above the rim affords many delightful horseback or hik-
ing trips.

Tbe north rim offers the best opportunity for camping out during
the summer months. The high altitude makes the weather uni-
formly cool, while the magnificent forest through which roam thou-
sands of deer creates a delightful setting. There are a number of
springs, and the water supply is not a serious problem.

The National Park Service of the Department of the Interior
recommends to the traveling public that stopovers of as long dura-
tion as practicable be planned at points within the park; that Grand
Canyon National Park be r^arded not alone as a region which naay
be glimpsed on a hurried trip, but also as a vacation playgnmnd for
rest and recreation.

WHAT TO WEAR

If much tramping is done, stout, thick, hobnailed shoes should be
provided. Ladies will find that short walking skirts are a conven-
ience; riding trousers are preferable, but not essential, for the horse-
back j oumey down the zigzag trails. Travelii^ caps and (in simuner)
broad-brinuned straw hats are useful adjuncts. Otherwise ordinary
clothing will suf&ce. Riding trousers, divided skirts, and straw
hats may be rented at El Tovar Hotel.

ADMINISTRATION

Grand Canyon National Park is under the jurisdiction of the
Director, National Park Service, Department of the Interior, Wash-
ington, D. C. The park superintendent, Mr. J. R. Eakin is located
at Grand Canyon, Ayz., and information, maps, and pamphlets
may be obtained at the office, where visitors are cordially welcomed
The office of the superintendent is 100 yards east of the Grand
Canyon Railway station.

The park. El Tovar Hotel, the Bright Angel cottE^es, and the
cabins at Hermit Creek and Phantom Ranch at the mouth of Bright
Angel Creek are always open. Accommodations may be had at
Wyhe Way Camp on the north rim during the summer months only.

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QRiiTD OAinrON NATIOlTAl, PARK
HOW TO REACH THE PARK

The Grand Canyon National Park is directly reached ty a branch
line of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway extending 64 miles

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MAP SHOWING RAILROAD CONNECTIONS TO GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK

northward from Williams, Ariz. On certain trains through standaj-d
Pulhnan cars are operated to and from Grand Canyon station. Pas-

so ORAND CAHTOM NATIONAL I>ABK

Bengers using other trains and stopping over at Williams
excellent acconunodations at the Fray Marcos, station hotel.

Stop-overs, not to exceed 10 days, are gruited at Williama
classes of railroad tickets for a visit to the canyon. Limits of U f •*'^
railroad tickets will he extended if necessary by agent ait j^
Canyon. Through tickets may include side-trip coupons, W 'ii"^'..
to Grand Canyon and return, at an additional charge of t9.19

Roimd-trip excursion tickets at reduced fares are oi
practically all stations in the United States and Canada to '
Canyon as a destination.

Bf^age may be t^iecked through to Qrand Canyon ststi
required. Passengers making brief side trips to Grand Canyd ^.^. .
check baggage to WiUiams only or through to destination,
regulations for free storage of bi^^e f<w Grand Canyon \
axe in effect.

For further information regarding railroad fares, seivice,
apply to railroad ttoket agents, or addi«ss:

W. J. Black, passenger traffic manager, Atchison, '

Santa Fe Railway system, CSiicago, HI.
J. B. Duffy, general passenger f^ent, Atchison, Topi
Santa Fe Rulway system, Coast lines, Los Angeles, j

The Union Pacific delivers tourists for the north lim at I
City, Utah, and the Denver & Rio Grande Western, at !
vale. The former is approximately 175 miles from the Gb^indl
yon, and the latter approximately 217 miles. R^;ular stage a
is maintained from both these points to the Grand Canyon Xal
Park.

Complete Infonuation concerning these trips can be had fron)
W. S. Basinger, passenger traffic manager, Union ~

system, Omaha, Nebr.
F. A. Wadlei^ passenger traffic manager, Denver i
Grande Western, Denver, Colo.

Parties making the trip from either of these places to the (
can make an interesting trip coverii^ Bryve Canyon, Cedar Bn
and Zion National Paric.

If parties desire, they can make the trip from the Itertl^ t
all these features, cross the canyon and continue their trip (
Santa Fe Railroad. This can also be reversed, entering the^
via the Santa Fe, crossing the canyon to the north rim, thenti
motor bus to either of the two railways mentioned above, ■
trip may be continued. Arrangementa for such a trip shonl
made at iind time tickets are purchased.

BY AUTOMCWILE

Automobile tourists may leave the National Old Trails HigU
which is the main east and west highway through Aiixona at I
or WUhams. In wet weather, the latter road is better.

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QBAKb CANTON NATIONAL PAKE

Flagstaff. — It ia 98 miles from Fla^taflf to Grand Canyon via
Williame and 83 miles via Maine. At times in eatiy spring, during
summer rains, or late fall it is advisable to inquire at Flagstaff or
^^lliams as to road oonditione. The Maine Koad traverses more
beantifol forests and is more scenic than the Williams Road, but is
apt to be in worse condition, depending upon the amount of moisture

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MAP SHOWINQ PRINCIf

that has fallen. The town of Flagstaff is located in the heart of the
San Francisco upKft and tas good stores and gar^e facilities. In
this vicinity are prehistoric cliff dwellings, extinct craters, volcanic
cones, lava beds, and ice caves. The summit of Humphreys Peak,
one of the peaks forming the San Francisco Mountains, is 12,750
feet above sea level.

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52 OBASD CANYON NATIONAL PAEt

WiUiams. — Williaim, 64 miles froin Grand Canyon, is 34 miles
west of Flagstaff and 15 miles west of Maine, on the main east and
west highway through Arizooa. It is the nearest shopping center,
and its stores and garages cany a good stock of everything necessaiy
to the automobile tourist. WilHams is a center for a Dumber of in-
teresting side trips.

The route from WiUiams passes Bill Williams Mountain (eleration
9,264 feet, which has seven distinct crests), Red Lake, Howard Lake,
and Anita, running along the line of the Grand Canyon Railway.
No supphes can be purchased between Williams or Maine and Ch-and
Canyon.

NORTH RIM— GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK

Autoists who desire to travel good roads only in driving from the
south rim to the north rim must take a long detour through Cali-
fornia, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona, or if the trip is made in the other
direction must detour through New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, and
back into Arizona. There is a poor road via Lee's Ferry which
reduces the distance to 238 miles. None but experienced drivers
over bad roads should attempt this trip. Those who undertake it
must carry a reserve supply of gasoline and oil

ROAD SIGN INFORMATION

As fast as funds are available for that purpose the National Park
Semce is having standard signs placed along the roads and trails of
this park for the information and guidance of the motorists and other
visitors that use the park roads and trails.

These signs, io general, consist of information signs, direction
signs, elevation signs, and name signs, aU of which are of rectangular
shape and mounted horizontally; and milepost signs, rectangular
in shape but mounted diagonally, all of which usually have dark,
green background and white letters or vice versa; and danger or
cautionary signs, most of which are circular in shape and usually
have red background and white letters; and comfort station, lava-
tory, and similar signs, triangular in shape, having dark-green back-
ground and white letters. These last signs are so mounted that when
pointing down they designate ladies' accommodations and when
pointing upward they designate men's accommodations.

The text on the standard road signs is in sufficiently large type to
ordinarily permit their being read by a motorist when traveUi^ at a
suitable speed; however, as an additional safeguard, the motorist
must always immediately slow down or stop or otherwise fully
comply with the injunctions shown on the circular red cautionary

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OEWID CANYON NATIONAL PAEK 33

Because of lack of fxrnds it has not been possible to place caution-
ary signs at all hazardous places in the roads; therefore the motorist
must always have his car under full control, keep to the right, and
sound horn when on curves that are blind, and not exceed the speed
limit, which is 20 miles per hour on straight, fairly level road and
12 miles per hour on curves, narrow or steep descending sections of
road.

AUTOMOBILE SUPPLIES

At Gruid CMiyon village is an excellent garage imder the manage-
ment of Fred Harvey. Ston^e or repur service, as well as gasoline
and oU, may be procured here.

The Babbitt Bros. Trading Co.'s general store at Orand Canyon
carries a full line of groceries and campers' supplies.

A supply of water for drinking purposes and for radiation, suffi-
cient to last to Grand Canyon, should be brought from Williams or
Flagstaff. Campers may obtain water from the railroad station agent
at Grand Canyon.

PUBUC UTILITIES AND CONVENIENCES

POST CHOICE

The post office (third class), which does all kinds of postal business,
is situated near the Hermit Rim Eoad, about 400 yards west of the
railroad depot. It is open from S a. m. to 6 p. m. Mail trains
arrive at 8.20 a. m. and 3.55 p. m. and leave at 8.20 a. m. and
7.25 p. m.

The Western Union offices at the railroad depot are open from
7.30 a. m. to 8 p. m. and at El Tovar Hotel from 8 a. m. to 12 m.
and from 4 p. m. to S p. m.

There is telephone connection between El Tovar Hotel, National
Park Service Office, ranger stations, Hermit Cabins, Phantom Banch,
and the north rim. There is also telephone connection to points out^
side of the park.

LECTURE

Every evening at 8 o'clock a lecture, illustrated vrith moving
pictures and shdes, is given on Grand Canyon National Park and
the suiTounding country. Admission to this lecture, which is given

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S4 QEUm C&NTOK NATIONAL PaEK

in the music room at El Tovar Hotel, is free, and all vieitors to the
park are invited to attend.

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE STATIONS

lliere are ranger stations' or camps where assistance and shelter
may in emergency be obtained at places here named. These may
be unoccupied, and it is well to inquire at the office of the super-
intendent:

Hermit Basin, Pipe Creek on Tonto Trail 2 miles east of Indian
Garden, Grand View Public Camp, Rowe Well ranger station, the
ranger station on the north rim and Grand Canyon.

MEDICAL ^RVICE

Iliere is a doctor of long experience in the park and a trained nurse
at E^ Tovar Hotd. The nearest hospital is at Williams, Ariz. There
is a hospital at Flagstaff, Ariz.

PETRIFIED FOREST NATIONAL MONUMENT

Tourists visiting Grand Canyon National Park eidier by rail or by
automoMe should plan a stop-over at the Petrified Forest National
Monument.

There are three groups of petrified trees in this reservation. The
first forest hes 6 miles south of Adamana, Ariz., a station on the
main line of the Atchison, Topeka »S; Santa Fe Railway, and the
second forest is 2^ miles south of it. The third or Rainbow Forest
hes 13 miles south of Adamana and 18 miles southeast of Holbrook,
Ariz. It is best to approach the third forest from Holbrook; the
other two are best reached from Adamana.

This area is of great interest because of the abundance of petrified
coniferous trees which he scattered about in great profusion. None
are standing as in the Yellowstone National Park. These trees
probably at one time grew beside an inland sea; after faUiog they
became water-logged and during the decon^osition the cell struc-
ture was entirely replaced by sihca derived from sandstone in the
surrounding land. Over a greater part of the entire area trees are
scattered in all conceivable positions and in fragments of all sizes.

In the first forest may be seen the well-known natural bridge,
consisting of a lai^e petrified tree trunk 60 feet long spanning a can-
yon 45 feet wide, and forming a foot bridge over which anyone may
easily pass. The trunks in the R^bow Forest are larger than else-
where, more numerous, and less broken. Several hundred entire
trees are found hwe, some of which are more than 200 feet long.
The color of the wood is deeper and more striking than in the other
locahties.

"There is no other petrified forest," says Prof. Lester F. Ward,
"in which the wood assumes so many varied and interesting forms
and colors, and it is these that present the chief attraction for the
^neral public. The state of mineralization in which much of tliis

GBAND CANYON NATIONAL PABK 35

Tood exists almost places them among the gems or precious stones.
Not only are chalc»lony, opals, and agates foimd among them, but
many approach the condition of jasper and onyx. The degree of
hardness attained by thorn ia such that (hey are said to make an
excellent quaUty of emery. "

ADMDOSTRATKm

Petrified Forest Nation^ Monum«it is under (he jurisdiction of
the Director, National Park Service, Department of the Intraior,
Washington, D. C, and is in chaif;e of a custodian residing in the
third forest. At this plate has been built a small museum housing
a wonderful display of polished petrified wood, also a fine collection
of the more rare specimens.

Notice: It is unlawful to take specimens of petrified wood,of ony size
whatsoever, from the reserved area. Samples for souvenirs may be ob-
tained from various points outside of the boundaries of the monum^t.

COSTS OP TRIPS AND HOTEL ACCOMMODATIONS

Adamana is a small place, consisting chiefly of hotel, post office,
railway station, and a small store. The Forest Hotel has electric
lights, sanitary plumbing, with hot and cold water. Rates: $5.50
per day, American plan; meals only SI each; 35 guests can he accom-
modated in summer.

From Adamana the following auto trips are made: (1) To the
fiist and second forests and the natur^ bridge; (3) to the third or
Rainbow Foreet; (3) to the Blue Forest; (4) to the Painted Desert
and the North SigiUaria Forest.

RATES

The round-trip fare from Adamana for trips 1, 3, and 4 is S5 for
one person, $3 per capita for two persons, and $2.50 per capita for
three or more; round-trip fare for trip 2 is $10, $6, and $5, respectively.
About one-half day is allotted to each trip, although three trips can
be made in a day.

Holbrook, the county seat of Navajo County, has satisfactory
hotel accommodations, with prices about the same as at Adamana.
Round-trip fare from Holbrook to third or Rainbow Forest is $7.50
for one passenger, $3.75 each for two passengers, $2.50 each for
three or more passengers.

The Petrified Forest may be visited from Adamana any day in
the year, except when high waters make the streams temporarily
impassable.

STOP-OVER ARRANGEMENTS

Stop-overs are allowed at Adamana, not to exceed 10 days, on all
one-way railroad tickets, also on round-trip railroad tickets within
their limits.

To obtain stop-overs on one-way railroad tickets, notify train
conductor and deposit tickets with agent immediately after arrival;
on round-trip tickets notify train conductors.

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QOAJID CANTON NATIONAI. PARK

RULES AND REGULATIONS

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CBNBKAL KBCULATKmS

The following rules and re^^ations for the govermnent of the
Grand Canyon National Park are hereby established and made pubEc
pursuant to authority conferred by the act of Coi^rees approved
August 25, ldl6 (39 Stat. 536), as amended June 2, 1920 (41 Stat
732), and the act of February 26, 1919 (40 Stat. 1175) :

1. Preservation of natural features and eurioaiiies. — The deatnie-
tion, injury, defacement, or disturbance in any way of the public
buildings, signs, equipment, or other property, or the trees, flowers,
vegetation, rocks, mineral, animal, or bird, or other life is prohibited:
Provided, That flowers may be gathered in small quantities when,
in the jut^ment of the superintendent, their removal will not impair
the beauty of the park.

2. Camping.— No camp shall be made along roads except at desig-
nated localities. Blankets, clothing, hammocks, or any other article
likely to frighten teams shall not be hung near the road.

Many successive parties camp on the same sites during the season;
therefore camp grounds shall be thoroughly cleaned before they are
abandoned. Tin cans, bottles, castroff clothii^, and all other debris
shall be placed in garble cans or pits provided for the purpose.
When camps are made in unfrequented locaUties. where pits or cans
may not be provided, all refuse shall be burned or hidden where it
will not be offensive to the eye.

Campers may use dead or fallen timber only for fuel.

3. Fires. — Fires constitute one of the greatest perils to the park;
they shall not be kindled near trees, dead wood, moss, dry leaves,
forest mold, or other vegetable refuse, but in some open space on
rocks or earth. Should camp be made in a locality where no such
open space exists or is provided, the dead wood, moss, dry leaves,
etc., shall be scraped away to the rock or earth over an area con-
siderably larger than that required for the fire.

Fires shall be hghted only when necessary and when no longer
needed shall be completely extinguished, and afl embers and beds
smothered with earth or water, so that there remains no possibility
of reignition.

Eapedal care «h«ll be taken that m United nuilch, dev, v d$vette U dropped In any gnu. Indsi,
leaves, or tree mold.

4. Hunting. — The park is a sanctuary for wild life of every sort,
and hunting, killiiig, wounding, capturing, or frightening any bird or
animal in the park, except dangerous animals when it is necessary to
prevent them from destroying life or inflicting injury, is prohibited.

The outfits, including guns, traps, teams, horses, or means of trans-
portation used by persons engaged in hxmting, k il li n g, trapping, en-

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QHftND GAMTON KATIONAIi PARK 37

snaring, or capturing birds or wild animals, or in possession of game
killed on the park lands mider circumstances other than prescribed
above, shall be taken up by the superintendent and held subject to
the order of the Director of the National Park Service, except in cases
wh^e it is shown by satisfactory evidence that the outfit is not the
property of the person or persons violating this r^ulation and the
actual owner was not a party to such violation. Firearms are pro-
hibited in the park except on written permission of the superin-
tendent. Visitors entering or traveling through the park to places
beyond shall at entrance report and surrender all firearms, traps,
nets, seines, or explosives in their possession to the first park ofiicer
and in proper cases may obtain his written leave to carry them
through the {>ark sealed. The Government assumes no responsi-
bilities for loss or damage to any firearms, traps, nets, seines, or other
property bo surruida^ to any park officer, nor are park officers
authorized to accept ihe responsibility of custody of any property
for the convenience of visitors.

5. Fishing. — Fishing with nets, seines, traps, or by the use of
drags or explosives, or in any other way than with hook and line, or
for merchand^ or profit, is prohibited. Fishing in particular water
may be suspended, or the number of fish that may be taken by one
person in any one day from the various streams or lakes may be regu-
ated by the superintendent. All fish hooked less than 6 inches loi^
shall be carefully handled with moist hands and returned at once
to the water if not seriously injured. Fish retained shall be killed.
Twenty fieh shall constitute the limit for a day's catch, provided that
no more than 20 pounds of trout, bass, crappie, or catfish may be
taken in any one day.

8. Private operaiions. — No person, firm, or corporation shall reside
permanently, engine in any business, or erect buildings in the park
without permission in writing from the Director of the National Park
Service, Washii^ton, D. C, Applications for such permission may
be addressed to the Director or to the superintendent of the park.
Permission to operate a standard-size moving-picture camera, such
as is used for commercial purposes, must be secured from the super-
intendent of the park.

7. gambling. — Gambling in any form, or the operation of gambling
devices, whether for merchandise or otherwise, is prohibited.

8. Adveriisemef^. — Private notices or advertisements shall not be
posted or displayed on Government iMids within the park, excepting
such as the superintendoit deems necessary for the conveni^ce and
guidance d the public.

d. Mining. — The location of mining claims on Government lands
in the park is permitted only with the prior approval of the Secretary
of the Interior.

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ftg GBAND CANTON NATIONAL FARE

10. PaieTUed landa.—OvmerB of patented lands within the park
limite are entitled to the full use and enjoi^mait therec^; the bounda-
ries of such lands, however, shall be determined and marked and
defined so that they may be readily distinguished frcMn the park
lauds. While no limitatioiu or conditions are imposed upon the
use of private lands so long as such use does not interfere with or
injure the park, private owners shall provide against trespass by
their Uve stock upon the park lands, and all trespasses committed
will be punished to the full extent of the law. Stock may be taken
over the park lands to patented private lands with the written per-
mission and under the supoTision of the superintendent, but such
permission and supervision are not required when access to sw^
private lands is had whoUy over roads or lands not owned or con-
trolled by the United States.

11. Grazing. — The running at large, herding, or grazing of live
stock of any kind on the Qovemmoit lands in the park, as well as
the driving of hve stock over same, is prohibited, except where
authority therefor has been granted by the superintaident. Live
stock found improperly on the park lands may be impounded and
held until claimed by the own^* and the trespass adjusted.

12. Avthorized operttUfra. — All persons, firms, or corporations hold-
ing franchises in the park shall keep the grounds used by them
properly policed and shall maintain the premises in a sanitary con-
diticHi to the satisfaction of the superintendent. No op^ator shall
retain in his employment a person whose presence in the park may
be deemed by the superintendent subversive of good ord» aod
management of the park.

All operators shall require each of their employees to wear a metal
badge, with a nimiber thereon, or other mark of identification, the
name and the number corresponding therewith, or the identificatim
mark, being registered in the superiateodent's office. These badges
must be worn in plain sight on the hat or cap.

13. Dogs and cote.— 7Cats are not permitted on the Government
lands in the park and dogs only to those persons passing through the
park to the territory beyond, in which instances they shall be kept
tied while crossing the park.

14. Dead aniinals. — AH domestic and grazed animals that may die
in the park at any tourist camp or aloi^ any of the public thorough-
fares shall be buried immediately by the owner or person having
chaige of such animals at least 2 feet beneath the ground, and in no
case less thui one-foiuth mile from any camp or thoroughfare.

15. Travd on trails. — ^Pedestrians on trails, when saddle or pack
animals are passing them, shaU remain quiet uatil the ftniTnala have

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QBAND CANYON NATIONAL PABE 89

Persons traveling on the trailB of the park either on foot or on
sadcDe animals shall not make short cuts bnt shall confine them-
selves to the main trails.

16. Travel — general. — (o) Saddle horses, pack trains, and horse-
drawn vehicles have right of way over motor-propelled vehicles at
all times.

(6) On sidehill grades throughout the park motor-driven vehicles
shall take the outer side of the road when meeting or passing vehicles
of any kind drawn by animals; likewise, freight, baggage, and heavy
camping outfits shall take the outer side of the road on sidehill grades
when meeting or passing passenger Vehicles drawn by animals.

(c) Load and vehicle weight limitations shall he those prescribed
from time to time by the Director of the National Park Service taid
shall be comphed with by the operators of all vehicles using the park
roads. Schedules showii^ weight limitations for different roads
in the park may be seen at the office of the superintendent and at
the ranger stations at the park entrances.

(d) All vehicles shall be equipped with lights for night travel. At
least one hght shall be carried on the left front side of horse^lrawn
vehicles, in a position such as to he visible from both front and rear.

17. MisceUaneous. — (a) Campers and others shall not wash
clothii^ or cooking utensils in the watws of the park, or in any
way pollute them, or bathe in any of the streams near the regularly
travded thoroughfares in the park without suitable bathing clothes.

(6) Stock shall not be tied so as to permit their entering any of
the streams of the pai^. All animals shall be kept a sufficient dis-
tance from camping grounds in order not to litter the ground and
make unfit for use the area which may be used later as tent sites.

(fi) Campers and all others, save those holding Ucenses from the
Director of the National Park Service, are prohibited from hiring
tiieir horses, trappings, or vehicles to tourists or visitors in the park.

id) All complaints by tourists and others as to service, etc., ren-
dered in the park should be made to the superintendent in writing
before the complainant leaves the park. Oral complaints will be
heard daily during office hours.

18. Fines and jjewiZ*M*.— Persons who render themselves obnox-
ious by disorderly conduct or bad behavior shall be subjected to the
punishment hereinafter prescribed for violation of the forgoing
regulations and may be summarily removed from the park by the
superintendent and not allowed to return without permission in
writing from the Director of the National Park Service or the super-
intendent of the park.

Any person who violates any of the foregoing regulations shall be
deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall he subject to a fine of not
more than $600 or imprisonment not exceeding six months, or both,
- and be adjudged to pay all costs of the proceedings.

19. Lost and found articles. — Persona finding lost articles should
deposit them at the nearest ranger station, leaving their own names

40 OaANl> CANTON NATIONAL PABK

and addresBes, so that if not cl&imed by owners -witliin 60 days,
articles may be turned over to tbose wbo found them.

HJTOMOBttX AND MOTORCYOJE RBGULAIIONB

Pursuant to authority conferred by the act of Congress approved
August 25, 1916 (39 Stat., 535), as amended June 2, 1920 (41 Stat.,
732), and the act of Febroary 26, 1919 (40 Stat., 1176), the follow-
ing re^;ulations covering the admission of automobiles and motor-
cydee into the Grand Canyon National Park are hereby established
and miade pubUc:

1. Entrances and roads. — ^Automobiles and motorcydea may enter
and leave the park by, and travel over, any of the roads ther^
which are open to motor vehicles.

Careful driving is demanded of all persons using the roads. The
Government is in no way responsible for any kind of accident.

2. Motorcycles. — Motorcycles are admitted to the park under the
same conditions as automobiles and are subject to the same regula-
tions as far as they are apphcable. Automobiles and horse-drawn
vehicles shall have the right of way over motorcycles.

3. Motor trudca. — Motor trucks may enter the park subject to the
wei^t limitations prescribed by the Director of the National Park
Service. Schedules showii^ prescribed weight limitations for motor
trucks may be seen at the office of the superintendeait and at tbe
ranger stations at the park entrances.

4. Hows. — ^Automobiles shall not witer or leave the park or use
the park roads before 6.30 a. m. or after 10.30 p. m. except in case of
emergency.

5. iTitoxication. — No person who is imder the influence of intoxi-
cating liquor, and no person who is addicted to the use of narcotic
drugs, shall operate or drive a motor vehicle of any kind on the park
roads.

6. Distance apart; gears ana "brakes. — ^Automobiles while in motion
shall be not less than 50 yards apart, except for purpose of passii^,
which js permissible only on comparatively level stretches of roads
or on slight grades. All automobiles, except while shifting gears,
shall retain their gears constantly enmeshed. The driver of each
automobile may be required to satisfy park officers that all parts of
his machine, particularly the brakes and tires, are in first-class work-
ing order and capable of making the trip, and that there is sufficient
gasoline in the tank to reach the next place where it may be obtained.
The automobile shall carry at least one extra tire. Motorcycles not
equipped with brakes in good working order are not permitted to
enter the park.

7. Speeds. — Speed is limited to 12 miles per hour on grades and
when rounding sharp curves. On straight open stretches when no.
vehicle is nearer than 200 yards the speed may be increased to 20
miles per hour. C ooqIc

GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PABK 41

8. Horns. — Ite horn shall be sounded on approaching curves or
stretches of road concealed for any considerable distance by slopes,
overhanging trees, or other obstacles, and before meeting or passing
other automobiles, motorcycles, riding or driving animals, or
pedestrians.

9. Lights, — All automobiles shall be equipped with head and tail
%hte, ^e headlights to be of sufficient brilliancy to insure safety in
driving at night, and all lights shall be kept lighted after sunset
when automobile is on the road. Headlights shall be dimmed when
meeting other automobiles, motorcycles, riding or driving animeds,
or pedestrians.

10. Muffler cui-otiis. — Muffler cut-outs shall be closed while
approaching or passing riding horses, horse-drawn Tehicles, hotels,
camps, or checking stations.

11. Teams. — When teams, saddle horses, or pack trains approach,
automobiles shall take the outer edge of the roadway regardless of
the direction in which they may he gomg, taking care that sufficient
room is left on the inside for the passage of vehicles and animals.
Teams have the right of way, and automobiles shall be backed or
otherwise handled as may he necessary so as to enable teams to pass
with safety. In no case shall automobiles pass animals on the road
at a speed greater than 8 miles an hour.

12. Overtaking vehicles. — ^Any vehicle traveling slowly upon any of
the park roads shall, when overtaken by a faster-moving motor vehicle
and upon suitable signal from such overtakii^ vehicle, give way to the
right, in case of motor-driven vehicles, and to the inside, or bank side
of the road, in case of horse-drawn vehicles, allowing the overtaking
vehicle reasonably free passage, provided the overtaking vehicle does
not exceed the speed limits specified for the road in question.

When automobiles, going in opposite directions, meet on a grade,
the ascending machine has r^ht of way, and the descending machine
shall be backed or otherwise handled as may be necessary to enable
the ascending machine to pass with safety.

14. Fines and penalties. — ^Any person who violates any of the fore--
going regulations shall he deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall
be subject to a fine of not more than $500, or imprisonment not
exceeding 6 months, or both, and be adjudged to pay all costs of
the proceedings, and such violation shall subject the offender to
immediate ejectment from the park. Persons ejected from the
park will not be permitted to return without prior sanction in writing
from the Director of the National Park Service or the superintendent
of the park.

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43 QEAjfD caKton national pabk

MAPS

The following maps * may be obtained from the Director of the
United States Oeolt^cal Survey, Washington, D. C. Remittances
should be made by money order or in cash.

Sbinumo, 28i by 25 inches, scale about 1 mile to IJ inches, contour interval 50 feet.

Bbioht Anqbl, 26 bj' 20} inches, scale about 1 mile to 1) inches, contour interval
50 feet. Anaccountof the geologic histoiT of the Qrand Canyon and a descrip-
tion of the rooks, by L. F. Noble, is printed on the reverse side of the ntap.

VisBNu, 28b721 inches, scale about 1 mile to I) inches, contour interval 50 feet

U HiB pdnted bi black, tbe Btreems In bine, and Uw

UTERATURE

GOVERNMENT PUBUCATIONS

Government publications on Grand Canyon National Park may be
obtained aa indicated below. Separate communications should be
addressed to the officers mentioned.

DISTHEaXTTED PBEB BT THE NATIONAL PAEK 8BEVICB
The following publications may be obtained free on written appli-
cation to the Director of the National Park Service, or by personal
application to the office of the superintendent of the park.

Map of National Forlis sjid National Monuments.

BbowH locBtloii ol all or tb« national paitB and mooameiiti admiulaUted by tbs National Fuk SbiIib.
and all r^lroad rouI«B to these resetVBtioiia.

Map of the western United States.

BbowB tb« NMk«wl Paik-to-Puk Elfhway and otba loads.
Glimpsee of Our National Parlu. 59 pagee, including 23 illuatratioDB.
CoDtalDS duolpUaii ol tha most important tastana of Ibe principal nattonal parks.
SOLD BT THE 8UPEE1NTENDBNT OF DOCUMENTS

The following pubUcations may be obtained from the Superintend-
ent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C,
at the prices indicated. Postage prepud. Remittancee should be
made by money order or in cash.

Tbe NaUooal Parka P

ContaioB nine cbBpt«rs, eacb deaniptlve of a national park, and odb a larger chapter devoted to otlur
prjfcs and monuniBDts.
Quidebook of the Western United States, Part C, the Santa Fe Eoute, with a ode
trip to the Qrand Canyon of the Colorado, by N. H, Darton and others. (Bul-
letin 613, U, S. Geological Survey.) 1915. 184 pages, 25 route maps, *3
plates, 40 text figures. 50 cents.*

Tbia gnlde descrlbei tbe coontry ahnig tbe Atdilaiji. Topeka A Santa Fe RaDway from TTniiMn City
(o Lea Aogelea. AlthDugb the description ol tbe rocks and tbelr reliitioiia and tbe acerdc [eatona (nrni
B large proportion of the matter, nearly every page ^v(b Infonnatlon as to notable blstorlc events, fndns-
trial roBOurces, pltoiti, and aounali. The alory of tbe Indians, past and present, especially tbe diarao-

at tbe office ot tbe saperlnleDdent ol tbe park, bat thai

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GEAND CANTTON NATIONAI. PAKK 48

terinlo PdsUo tribes, h t«1d in soom detaD. Many o( th« boti ngHrding tbe rocks are here i»s«iit«d
tor tbe Brst time. The book amtslna numetona vlcwa ol prominent soeole teatuna and i>ictiire8 of realo-
ratloD of some o( tbe vary remarkable aniniftin whcse bouea ara found in tbe dara.

Exploratioii of tiie Colorado River of tbe West and Its 'nibutariea, by John Wealey
Powell. Exploi«d in 1869, 1370, 1871, uid 1872. Pp.' 291. Under tbe diiection
of the Secretary of the Smichaonmn Institution. lUustnted. Government Print-
ing Office, Washington, 1875. (Out of print.)

Pre-Gambrian ;^eous Rocks of the Unkar Terrane, Qnmd Canyon of tbe Colorado,
Ariz., by C. D, Walcott. V. S. Geol. Surv. 14Ui Ann. Kept., pt. 2, pp. 497-524,
pis. 60-65. 1694. $2.10.

TheOrand Cuiyon. Senate Doc. No. 42, 65th Congress, 1st session, by Tbomaa Fulton

D»WHOii,CiovemmentPrintingOffice,WasbiiigbHi,D.C.,1917. 67pp, Price, 10 cents.

An article giving credit oT Oral ttaveisine the Grsiid Canl'm to lame* WbUe, ■ Colorado gold i^oa-

Tertiary History of the Grand Canyon District, by Claiesce E. Dutten. U. 8, Geol.

Surv. Mon. 2,264 pagee, illnstiationB, and aHaa. 1882. flO.
'Rie Shinumo Quadrangle, Grand Canyon District, Aziz., by L. F. Noble. U. 8.

Geol. Surv. Bull. 549, 1914. 100 pages, including 30 illustrations ukd a colored

geologic mi^. Price, 20 cents.

A Reconnaissance of the Archean Complex of the Graiu.t« Gmge, Grand Canyon,
Ariz., by L. F. Noble and J. Fred Hunt«. U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 88-1,
1916. 20 pages, 3 illustrations.

Dgsoribss tbe rocks tbst form tbe walb of the Oranite OocBe Id tbe bottom ot tbe Canron.
A Section of the Paleozoic FormationB of tbe Grand Canyon at tbe Bbsb Trail, by L. F.
Noble. U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 131-B, 1922. 50 pages, 15 iilustrationH.

DeBoribes tbe Pa^eoiolc strata of tbe Qraud CanyoD in detail and ixwlalas diagrams sbowlng tbe strata
in proBla ae tbey appear la tbe walla,

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Allen, E. F. "A Guide to the National Parks of America." Compiled and edited
by Edward Frank Allen. New York. HcBride, Nast & Co., 1915, pp. 2S6.
Pp. 218-248 on Gtwid Canyon.

Appleton, D., & Co. "Our Native Lend; or Gluicee at American Scenery and
Places, with Sketches of Life and Adventure." With 336 illusttationB. (No
author given.) New York. D. Appleton & Co., no dat« (copyrighted 1882),
pp. ivi, 615. Pp. 1-30 on "The Canyons of tbe Colorado."

Bell, WilUam A. " New Tracks in Nwtb America" (a journal (^tzavel and adventure
whilst engaged tn the survey for a southern railroad to the Pacific Ocean during
1867-68, pp. 565). Scribner, Weiford & Co., New York, 1870.

Berton, Francis, Membre Correspondent de la Soci^ de G^repbie de Gen^e.
"Un Voyage eur le Colorado." San Francisco, 1878, pp. 64. Caaa Grande, Tutna-
cacori. Grand Canyon.

Bicknell, P. C. "Guidebook of tbe Grand Canyon of Ari»«ia." A volume of inter-
esting facta and gosdp. Pp. 97. Copyrighted by George U. Young, 1902.

Bowles, Samuel. "Our New West." Pp. 524. Grand Canyon, pp. 500-503. Hart-
fiwd PubUsbing Co., Eartford, Conn., 1869.

Conklin, Enoch. "PLcturesque Arizona." Pp.380. Grand Canyon cbapt«r,pp. 322-335.
TbeUining Reci^ Printing Eetablisbment, No. 61 Broadway, New York City, 1878.

Cobb, I. 8, "Boughing It De Luxe." By Irvin 8. Cobb. Illustrated by John T.
McCutcheon. New York. George H. Doran Co. (copyrighted 1914), pp. 219. Paper
covers.

Ooues, Elliott "On t^e Trail of a Spani^ Pioneer." Translation of tbe Diary and
Itinerary of Francisco GMces. 2 vols., F. P. Harper, New York.

Daiton, N. H. "A B«comiaiasaitceof Parts of Northwestern New Mexico and Northern
Arizona." By N. H. Darton, U. S. Gecdogical Survey Bulletiu 436. Washington,
Government Printing Office, 1910, pp. 88. Dlustiaticnu, charts, maps, bibliogr^by.

44 QKAND CAlfTON NATIONAL FABK

DsTton, N. H. "BtoTf of tlw GnDd Canyon d Aiisoua." Fp. 81. FubHshed by
Fred Harvey, 1917. (ApopularilloBtiatedsccoimtof itBrocksandaigin.)

Davis, W. M. "An Excursion to the Gnmd Canyon ol the ColOTado." Pp. 107-196.
Harvard Dniv. Mas. Comp. Zool. Bull. 38, geol. eer., vol. 6, No. 4, 1901,

"The L«aona of the Coltsado Canyon." Pp. M6-8M. Amcdcan Geognqtfai-

cal Soc. Bull. 6, vol. 41, 1909.

The Qnt papar l3 a teduUcal, tha ascaiid ■popnlu txKiooDlol On endODal hbtcryol tba Onod
Canyon Ttgtaa.
Dellenbaugb, Frederick 8. "A Canyon Voyage." Pp. 277. G. P. Putnam's Sons,
New York. Fully illustrated. (The narrative of the second Powell expedition
down the Green-Coloiado River frwn Wyoming and the explorations on land in the
yeaiBlB71andlS72.) Price,|3.&0.

"Bref^ing the Wildemen." Pp. 360. O. P. Putaiam'a Sana, New Ycok,

1905. Fully illustrated. Grand Canyon chapter, pp. 31S-327. Price, (3.50.

"The Romance of the Colwado River." Pp. 401. G. P. Putnam's Sons,

New York. Fully illusb«t«d. (A complete account of the discovery ^id of the
explontions from 1540 to the present time, wiOi particnlar r^^enco to the two
voyagesof Powell throi^h the Uneof the great canyons.) Price, 93.50.

Dumbell, £. £. M. "Seeing the West. Suggestions for the Westbound TTav«U«a'."

By K. E. M. Dumbell. New York. Doubleday, Page A Co., 1920. Pp. xiv, 206.

Illustrations. Pp. 163-170 on Grand Cwiyon,
Emmons, 8. F. "Geological Guide-book for an Ezcutsion to the Rocky Mountains."

Samuel Franklin Emmons, editor. Frhd the Compte-Rendu of the Fifth Into^

nationia Congress of Geologists. New York. Jdin Wiley & Sons, 1894, pp. 253-487.

Plates and cuts. Bibliography. Pp. 464-^1 on Grand Canyon region.
Finck, B. T. "The Pacific Coast Scenic Tour * * *." By Henry T. Finck.

New York. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1890, pp. liv, 309, illustrated. Pp. 294-305

on Grand Canyon.
Freeman, h. R. "The Colorado River: Yesterday, To-day, and To-morrow." By

Lewis R. Freeman. New York. Dodd, Mead & Co., 1923, pp. xix, 451, illustrated.
Grey, Zane. "Tales of Lonely Trails." By Zane Grey. New Y<»k. Harp^ &

Bros. (1922), pp. 394, illustiated.
Hayden, F. V. "The Cireat West: Its Attzactiona and Resources * * *." By

Prof. h. V. Hayden, LL.D., Bloranington, 111. Charies R. Brodix, 1S80, pp. 528.

Woodcuts and maps. Pp. 62-66 on Grand Canyon.
Higgins, C. A. "To California and Back." By C. A. Higgine. Illustrations by

J. T. McCutcheon. Chicago. Passenger Department, Santa Fe Route, 1893, pp.

152. Paper covers.

"The Titan of Chasms — Gnmd Canyon of Ariztma." By C, A. Higgins. (Ccm-

tains also " The Scientific Explorer," by J. W. Powell; " The Greatest Thing in the
World," by Charles F, Lummis; " Comments- by Noted Americans; Information
tor Tourists.") Pp. 40, map. Papercoveas.

Holmes, Burton. Travelogues. Vol. 6, The Yellowstone National Puk, The Grand
Canyon of tbe Arizona, Moki Land. 336 pi^ea, illustnted, 1908.

Hough, Emerson. "The President's Forest." Saturday Evening Post, Januaiy
14, 21, 1922.

Ives, J. C. "Report up<m the Colorado River of the WE«t," explored in 1857 and 1S5S
by Lieut. Joseph C. Ives, Corps of Topographical Engineers- Part I, Genoal
Report (131 pp.); Part II, HydKsraphic Report (14 pp.); Part III, Geological
Report, by Dr. J. S. Newberry (154 pp.); Part IV, Botany, by Profeasors Giay,
Torrey, Thurber, taxd Doctor Engdmann (30 pp.); Part V, Zoology, by Prof. S, F.
Baird (6 pp.); Appendices A, B, C, D (32 pp.). 36th Congress, Ist session. House
of RepreBentative6,ExecutiveDocumentNo.90. Washington. Govenunent Print-
ing Office, 1861. 2 maps, 1 profile, 8 panoramic views, 12 engravings, 7 Indian
portraits, 41 woodcuts.

James, George Wharton. "A Little Journey to Strange Places and Peoples." For
Home and School Intermediate and Upper Gradee. Pp, 269, Grand Canyon chap-
ter; On to WilHams, pp. 238-260. Illustrated. A; Flanagan Co., Chicago, 1911.

GBAND CANTON NATIONAL PARK 45

Jamee, George Wharton. "Arizona the WondeiUnd." Pp. 478. The Grand Canyon,
pp. 98-103. The Page Co., Boston, 1917.

"In and Around the Grand Canyon." The Gnnd Canyon of the Cctoado

River in Arizona. Little, Brown & Co., Boston, 1900. 341 pp., illustrated.

"Our American Wonderlands." Dluatiated. Pp. 290. Containing "The

Grand Canyon of Arizona," pp. 1-10 j "The Canyon of Cataiacte and the Havaaupai
Indiana," pp. 158-166. A. C. McCluig & Co., Chicago, 1915.

"TheGrandCanyonof Arijiona— HowtoSeelt." Pp. 266, illuatrated. Little,

Brown & Co., Boston, 1910.

Jefleis, Le Roy. "The Call of the Mouutaina." 282 pp., iUusti^ted. Dodd, Mead

& Co. 1922. Grand Canyon Park on pp. 193-225.
Kolb, E. L. "Through the Grand Canyon from Wyoming to Mexico," with a t<a&-

word by Owen Wistei; with 48 plates from photographs by the author and hia brotiier.

The Macmillan Co., New York, 1914. 344 pp., illurtratol, maps. Price, $4.60.
Laut, Agnes C. "Through Our Unknown Southwest." Pp.271. "Grand Canyon

and the Petrified Forest," pp. 137-152. Illuatrated. HcBride, Nast & Co., New

York, 1913.
Lemmon, J. G. "Grand Canyon of the Colorado," by J. G. Lemmon. Overland

Monthly, vol. 411, pp. 244-256. September, 1888.
Lull, R. S. "Fossil Footprints from the Grand Canyon of the Col»8do." Pp.

337-346. Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 46, May, 1918.

DcGOilbeB lOssa VaiHu toaad In the CwHralno sacdstaiie on Hermit Trail.

inis,C.F. "ATramp AdosstfaeContinent." Pp.270. Grand Canyon chapter
The " Ve^e of the Deeert," pp. 244-264. Charlee Scribner's Sons, New York, 1892.

"Some Strange Coiners of Our Country" (The Wonderland of the Southwest).

Pp. 270. Grand Canyon chapter, "The Grandest Goige in the World," pp. 1-19.
IliuBtrated. TheCentury Co., New York, 1B92.

Mitchell, Iiaiiiel Holmes. "God's Coiuttiy." The Grand Canyon chapter, pp.

216-222. Illustiated. The Elbert RichMdaon Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, 1910.
Muii, John. "The Grand Canyon ot the Colorado." Pp. 347-382. Steep Trails,

edited by Wm. Frederick Bad6. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston and New York,

1918. Illiistrated.
Munk, J. A., M. D. "Aiiwna Sketches." Chapter entitled "Canyon Echoes," pp.

130-150. lUustratod. The Grafton Press, New York, 1905. Illustrated, pp. 230.

Price, $2, net.
Feixotto, Ernest. "Our Hiq>aiiic Southwest." Pp. 245. Illustrations by the

author. "The Grand Canyon, an Impression," pp. 129-135. Charles Scribner's

Sons, New York, 1916.
Pepin, S. D., gcolt^iat. "Origin of Grand Canyon, including Discovery and Brief

History." Copyright 1916. Pp. 30. J. A. Allee Co., printers, Los Angeles.
Popham, William Lee. "Grand Canyon of Arizona Romance," description being

from author's observation. The World Supply Co., Louisville, Ky., 1913. 94 pp.

Price, ?1.
Powell, John Wesley. "CMiyons of the Colorado," With many illustrations. Pp.

396. Flood & Vincent, MeadviUe, Pa. The Chautauqua-Century Press, 1895.

"First Through the Grand Canyon" (being the reccffdof the pioneer explora-
tion of the Colorado River in 1869-70, edited by Horace Kephart, New York).
Outing Publiahii^ Co., 1915, 330 pp. Price, $1. (Outing Adventure Library No. 4.)

Piudden, Mitchell. "On the Great American Plateau." Pp. 237 (Wanderings
Among Canyons and Butt«s in the Land of the Clifi-Bweller and the Indian of
To-day), Illuatratad with phol<^raphfl and with original drawings by Edward
Leamii^. C. P. Putnam's Sons, New York and London, 1906. Grand Canyon
chapters, "Under the Spell of tiie Grand Otroyon," pp. 36-71; "A Little Story
ot World-Making," pp. 72-89.

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46 QBAND CANTON NATIONAL PARK

Quiiu, Vernon. "Beautdfnl America," 333 pp., ilhutnted. Fted«rick A. Stokes
Co., New York City. Grand Canyon Park to pp. 51-68, 264.

Jlan«r»ne, F. L. "Pre-Cambrian Sedimenta and I^ults in the Grand GanytMi."
Pp. 667-668. Sdence, new ser., vol. 34, No. 884, 1911.
l>«scin>M the Bright Amel bnlt.

Robinson, Will H. "The Story of Arizona." Pp. 458. Grand Canyon Cbaptei,
"Scenic Arizona," pp. 387-378. The BenyhiD Co., Phoenix, Ariz., 1919.

Roosevelt, Theodore. "A BooJdover'a Holiday in the Open."

Santa Fe Railway Syat«n. "The Grand Canyon oi Arizona," 1902-1909 (being
a book of words frwn many pens about the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River
in Arizona), pp. 150-161. Robert M. McBride & Co., New York.

Saunders, Charles Francis. "Finding the Worth While in the Southwest." Pp.
231. Grand Canyon chapter, "TbeGrand Canyon of theColoradoRiveriu Arizona,"
pp. 150-161. Robert M. McBride A Co., New York Qty, 1918.

Sduneckebier, L. F. "Catalogue and Indei of the Publications of the Hayden,
King, Powell, and Wheeler Surveya." By L. F. Bchmeckebier, V. 8. Geological
Survey. Bulletin No. 222. Washington. Government Printing Office, 1904.
Pp. 208. Paper covers.

Sitgreaves, L. "Report of anExpeditionDowntheZuiiiandCol<aado Rivers." By
Capt. L. Sitgreaves, G(»pe of Topographical Engineets. 32d Congrees, 2d ses-
sion. Senate Executive No. 59. Washington. Robert Armstrong, 1S53. Pp. 198.
23 plates of landscapes, etc., 55 plates of mamnutls, birds, reptiles, fiahee, plants.
Uap. Jfap.' Reconnaissance of the Zuni, Little Colorado, and Colorado Riven,
made in 1851 * * *. By Capt. L. Sitgreaves, assiated by lieut. J. G. Pa^
and Mr. R. H. Eem. Brawn by R. H. Kem (4 plates and map miming ),

Schucbert, Charles. "On Hie Caiboniferoue of the Grand Canyon of Arizona" and
"The Cambrian of the Gmad Canyon of Arizona." Pp. 347-369. Am. Jour. ScL,
4th ser., vol. 45, May, 1918.

TbeM two p^tn give ui aDCoiint of the octgln of the PalsoNdo strata slid tha fossUs that the stnta
BODtaln.

Smith, W. W. "The Grand Canyon of Arizona and the Biv«r That Made It, the
Colorado." Copyrighted 1913 by W. W. Smith, pp. 32.

Stanton, R. 8. "Through the Grand Canyon of the Colorado." By Robert Brew-
ster Stanton. Scribner'a M^azine, Vol. VIII. Pp. 591-813. November, 1900.
lUustiated.

Steele, David M. "GoingAbroad Overland." Pp. 197, 16 plates, 2 maps. Putnam's,
New York, 1917.

Thayer, W. M. "Marvels of the New West • • •." By William M. Thayer.
lUuBtrated with over 355 engravings and mape. Norwich, Conn. Tlie Henry
Bill Publishing Co., 1887. Pp. xxxvi, 715. Woodcuts. Pp. 34-69 on Grand Can-
yon and vidnity. Mostly quoted from Dutton and Macomb.

Torr«y, B. "Field Bays in California." By Bradford Torrey. With illuatt&tionB
from photographs. Boston and New York. Houston Mifflin Co., 1913. Pp. 235.
Pp. 204-231 on Grand Canyon.

Van Dyke, Henry. "ITie Grand Canyon and other Poeme." 78 pp. Charies
Scribner's Sons. 1914. Price, $1.35.

Van Dyke, J. G. "The Grand Canyon of the Colorado. Recurrent Studies in Impree-
sions and Appearances." By John C. Van Dyke. New York. Charles Scribner's
Sons, 1920. Pp. xii, 218. Illustrations, maps.

Warner, Charles Dudley. "Our Italy." Two chapters on Grand Canyon, "The Heart
of the Desert," pp. 177-188; " On the Brink of the Grand Canyon— Tlie Unique
Marvel of Nature," pp. 189-200. Harper & Bros., l^ew Yodt, 1891.

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OBAlfP CANYON NATIONAL PABK 47

Wheeler, O.U. "Beport upon United BtateeG«ognphical SurveyBWcet of the One
Hundredth Meridian." In charge of Capt. George M.Wheeler, Corpe of Engineers,
n. S. Anny. Vol. I. Geographical Report. Washington. Government Printing
Office, 18S9. Pp. 7S0. SSplatee, 3 maps. Pp. 147-171 on Grand Canyonand River
Trip of 1871. 9 plates on Grand Canyon. Mapt: (l)6howii^routeaoEtlie1andand
river parties ei^i^^ in exploring the Giand Canyon of the Ooloiado. 1871.

Whiting, Lillian. "The Land of Enchantment," with illustnitionH from photogiaphe.
Pp. 347. Little, Brown & Co., 1906. Dedicated to the unfading memory of Maj.
John Weeley Powell, the great explorer. (Grand Canyon chapter, ' ' The Carnival of
the Gods," pp. 311-338.)

Winship, G. P. "Finding the Colotado River." By George Parker Winship. The
Land of Sunshine, vol. 12, pp. 269-280. April, 1900. niusttated.

Woods, O. E. "Penonal Impieedons of the Gnnd Canyon of the Coltnado Rivet."
As seen throu^ nearly two thousand eyes, and written in the private vitiitoTH book
of the world-famous guide, Capt. John Hance, guide, story-teller, and pathfinder.
Collected and compdled by G. K. Woods. Illuatrated, pp. 162. The Whitaker
& Ray Co., San Francisco, 1899.

Yard, R. S. "The Book of tite National Parks," with maps and illustrations. Pp.
420. CharlesScribner'sSons, New York, 1919. Grand Canyon chapter, "A P^eant
of Creation." Illustrated, pp. 328-351.

"The Top of the Continent." Grand Canyon chapter, "The Greatest Ditch

in the World." Pp. 21S-244; illustrated. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1917.

OTHER NATIONAL PARKS

Eulee and Regulations' similar to this for. national parks listed
below may be obtained free of chaise by writing to the Director of
the National Park Service, Washington, D. C.
Crater Lake National Park. Rocky Mountain National Park.

Glacier National Park. Sequoia and General Grant National

Hawaii National Park. Parks.

Hot Springs National Park. Wind Cave National Park.

Idilayette National Park. Yellowstone National Park.

Mesa Vezde National Park. Yoeemite National Park.

Mount Bainiei National Park.

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AUTHORIZED RATES FOR PUBLIC UTILITIES

All rates of the authorized public utilities are approved by the GoTem-
ment. Therefore complaints regarding overcharges should be made to
the superintendent. Employees of the hotels, camps, and transporta-
tion lines are not Government employees, but discourteous treatment by
pubhc-utility employees should be reported to the park administratioa.
HOTELS AND PUBUC CAMPS

The following hotels, etc., are operated by Fred Harvey:
El Tovar

El Tovar Hotel is located at the railroad terminus, near the head
of Bright Angel Trail, at an elevation of 6,866 feet above sea level, and
open dl the year. It is a long, low structure, built of native bowlders
and pine logs. There are 93 sleeping rooms, accommodating 175
guests. Forty-six of these rooms are connected with private bath.

There is a music room and rendezvous. In the main dining room
165 persons can be seated at one time.

Hot and cold water, steam heat, and electric li^t are supplied.
El Tovar also has a steam laundry.

Authorized raUa at El Tovar Hotel
American plan:

On© peiaon in rocan without bath, per day |7, 00"

One peison in room with bath, per day *8. 00-9. 00-10. 00

Reduction of 50 cents per peiaon for 2 in a room with double bed.
Meals only:

Breaifaat L26

Luncheon 1. 26

Diimer L 60

Bri^l Angel Cottages
Cozy lodgings in cottages or tents are available at Bright Angel
Cottages, adjacent to El Tovar. The accommodations are clean and
comfortable. TTiere are foxir cottages, open the year round, and
many tent-cabins for sxunmer only. All of the cottages have steam
heat and electric light; one cottage also has baths. All tent-cabins
have electric light, but do heat or baths. About 350 people can be
accommodated here. Meals are furnished d, ia carte at the cafS.
Kitchen facilities are ample for quick h. la carte service.

jlwiAorized rates at Bright Angel Cottage*

Lodging only, per day, per person tl.50-|2.00

Lodging only, per day, 2 peisona 2.50- 3.50

Hermit Cabins
On Tonto Plateau at the foot of Hermit Trail; consists of a central
dinin g room, lounge cottage, and 11 sleeping cottages; accommoda-
tions for 30 persons.

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GEAND CAMYON NATIONAL PARK 49

Atdhoriztd rattM at Htrmit Cabina

American plan, per day, per peiBOn $5

PbanlMn Ruich

On the north side of the Colorado River near the mouth of Bright
Angel Creek; conaists of well-btiilt stone and tent-cottages with mess
hall and rendezvous with excellent accommodations for 30 persons.

Authorized ratet at Phantom RanA
American plan, per day, per pereon 16

REST HOUSES

The Lookout
The Lookout is a quaint observatory and rest house, built on the
edge of the rim near the head of Bright Angel Trail. It is equipped
with a lai^e binocular telescope in the tower, for observing the most
distant reaches of the canyon. Canyon photos are for sale. The
reception room has spacious windows, a fireplace, Navajo rugs, and
easy chairs; it is electriolighted and steam heated.

Hennit's Rert

Where Hennit Rim Road ends and Hermit Trail begins is a unique
rest house, built into the hill, with a roofed-in porch and a parapet
wall. As the name implies, it is intended to provide rest and shelter
for parties who take the Rim Road drive, or the Hermit Trail trip.
Guests may sit at the tables outside or sheltered by the glass front
inside accordiog to weather, and enjoy refreshments in unusual
surroundings. Admission is free to those who arrive Id Harvey
transportation busses. The chaise to others is 25 cents each. Open
9 a. m. to 12 noon; 1 p. m. to 6 p. m.
HopI House

Opposite El Tovar is a reproduction of the dwellings of the Hopi
Indians and several Navajo hogans.

In Hopi House are installed collections of Indian handiwork. Here
also live a small band of Hopis, who are among the more primitive of
our Indians.

The homes of the Hopis are on the edge of the Painted Desert,
perched on the crests of lofty mesas where they hve aa did their
forbears and cling to their high dwelling place. They are indus-
trious, thrifty, orderly, and mirthful, A round of ceremonies, each
terminating in the pageants called "dances," marks the different
seasons of the year. Subsisting almost wholly by agriculture in an
arid region of uncertain crops, they find time between their labors
for light-hearted dance and song, and for elaborate ceremonials,
which are grotesque in the Katchina or miasked dances, ideally poetic

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50 QBAKD CAKYON NATIONAL PABK

in the flute dance, and intensely dramatic in the snake dance. Id the
three and a half centuries of contact with the white race their manDer
of life has not materially changed. The Indian tribes that roamed
over mountain and plain have become wards of the CrOTerment, but
the Pueblo Indian has absolutely maintained his individuality.

The Navajo women weave fine blankets and many of the men are
expert silversmiths, who fashion bracelets, rings, and other articles
from Mexican coin silver. The Navajo Indian Beservation — one of
the largest in the United States — borders Marble Canyon on the
east. They are a pastoral people, intelligent, and, like the Hopis,
self-supporting. They own laige numbers of sheep, cattle, aad
horses. The Navajos are tall, rather slender, and agile. They have
been rightly called the Bedouins of the Desert. Nowhere are they
gathered into permanent villages. Although "civilized," they still
cling to old customs and old religious forms. The medicine man, or
Shaman, has a large following, if not a lai^e per cent of cures. Their
dance ceremonies are weird in the extreme. The Are dance is a
spectacular 10-day ceremony, seldom witnessed by white men, and
occurring only once in seven years.

Supai Indians from Havasu Canyon frequently visit Grand Canyon
village.

PUBLIC CAMP GROUNDS

VERKAMP'S

Verkamp's, on the rim, just east of the Hopi House, carries a
complete line of canyon souvenirs and Indian handicraft. It makes
a specialty of Navajo rugs and silverware, Chimayo blankets, and
Indian baskets, and carries post cards, folders, and photographs of
the canyon.

In this shop may also be seen one of the laigest and best paintings
of Grand Canyon as well as other work of the late Louis Aikin.
KOLB BROS.' STUDIO

Kolb Bros,' studio is at the head of Bright Angel Trail. The Kolb
Bros, give, each day, an interesting lecture, illustrated with motion
pictures and slides, describing their boat trip through the canyons
of the Green and Colorado Rivers. Admission, 50 cento.

llie exhibition above referred to illustrates Major Powell's original
exploration of the entire series of canyons on these rivers and should
not be confused with other excellent travel talks on the Grand
Canyon, which latter describe and illustrate what can be seen by the
visitor in a stay of a week or so at the canyon.

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Oa4ND CANTON NATIONAL PAB.K 51

Here, too, visitors may Tiew the canyon through a telescope and
obtain reliable information. Photc^raphic views and other pictures
representing their many years' exploration of the Grand Canyon
are for sale.

SIGHT-SEEING TRIPS BY ROAD
Regular Trips by Automobile

The following trips are available every day in the year by auto-
mobile:

Hermit's Rest. — Stopping en route at Sentinel, Hopi, Mohave,
and Pima Points. First trip starts at 9.30 a. m., returning to El
Tovar and Bright Ai^el aboutl2 noon. Second trip starts at 1.30
p. m., retiiming to El Tovar and Bright Angel about 4 p. m. Rate,
$3; children, 6 to U, half rate; children under 6, no chaige. This
rate includes use of facihties and light refreshments at Hermit's Kest.
This drive is 16 miles round trip along the rim road. There is also
a sunset trip to Hopi or Mohave Points, leaving El Tovar and Bright
Angel Cottages about 6.30 and returning about 7.45.

Hopi Point: El Tovar to Hopi Point, 2 miles west; rate, $1.50.

Mohave Point: 3 miles west; rate, $2.

Rc^ilar Summer Trips by AuhHnobile

The following trips are available through the sununer season
(approximately from April 15 to November 15) :

Grand View. — Through forest of tall pines via Ijong Jim Canyon
and Thor's Hammer, 13 miles each way; time, about 3H hours.
Leave El Tovar and Bright Angel Cottages 1.30 p. m. daily. Kates,
$4. From Grand View may be seen that section of the canyon from
Bright Angel Creek to Marble Canyon, including the great bend of
the Colorado. On the east wall are Moran, Zuni, Pap^o, Pinal,
Lipan, Navajo (Desert View), and Comanche Points; and the mouth
of the Little Colorado River. Still farther beyond is the Painted
Desert and Navajo Mountain — the latter plainly seen, though 120
miles away. The rim trail to Moran Point is interesting. Grand
View Trail enters the canyon near Grand View Point.

Desert View. — Thirty miles each way via Long Jim Canyon, Thor's
Hammer, Grand View, Hull Tank, Trash Dam, Tanner Tank, Old
Aztec Ruin, Lipan Point, and head of Tanner Trail. One round trip
a day leaving El Tovar and Bright Angel Cottages at 1.15 p. m.,
returning about 6 p. m. Rate, $8.

At this point there is a far outlook not only into the canyon above
the Granite Goi^e, where the river valley widens, but also across the
Fainted Desert, toward Hopi Land, and along (he Desert Palisades
to the mouth of the Little Colorado. At sunset and sunrise it is a

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62 GEUTD CAHrON NATIONAL PA&K

glorious sight. For that reason one preferably should arrange to
stay overnight — a camping trip elsewhere referred to. One and one-
half miles weet of Desert View is Lipan Point, affording an ozcdllent
view of this whole region.

New Summer Trips by Automobile lo the Navajo and Haifl Indian Reservatkxw via
the Navabopl Road

May 1 to Octoher 31
Trip No. 1— One day.

Automobiles leave El Tovar and Bright Angel Cottages at 7.30
a. m. daily. Route is via Desert View Boad to Trash Dam, thence
through the Coconino Basin to a point overlooking the canyon of the
Little Colorado. The road then follows tie Little Colorado due east
and the first stop is made at a newly discovered petrified forest,
where some 30 or 40 trees, some larger than any living tree in Arizona,
may be seen. Next stop is at the Navajo Indian trading post at
Cameron. This is the western outpost of the Navajo Reservation
and is 75 miles from the nearest railroad. The little Colorado River
is crossed at this point by way of the steel suspension bridge 660 feet
long, and the route follows the main road across the Painted Desert
to Tuba City, where the headquarters of the Navajo Indian agent
are located. Some 400 Indian children are seen at well-equipped
Government schools here. The Hopi village of Moenkopi is next
visited, where the visitor has a glimpse of Indian life almost untouched
by white civilization. Return to Grand Canyon is over same route,
arriving at hotels between 7 and 8 p. m. same day. This trip provides
a unique opportunity to visit the well-known, but little seen Navajo
and Hopi Indian Reservations at a minimum of expense. Round
trip, 159 uules. Rates, $15 per passenger; lunch, SI.25 extra, except
for hotel guests. Minimum of four passengers required.

Trip No. 2— Two days.

First day to Tuba City and Moenkopi as for trip No. 1, but return
to Flagstaff, Ariz., via San Francisco Peaks and Sunset Mountain.
Overnight at Flagstaff, visiting cliff dwellii^ in Walnut Canyon
next morning, thereafter returning to Grand Canyon via National
Old Trails Highway and Maine Road through Tusayan National
Forest. Round trip, 250 miles, gives comprehensive idea of northern
Arizona moxmtain scenery. Rates $25 per passenger; meals and
overnight accommodations at Flagstaff extra. Minimum of four
passei^ers required.

Special Summer Trips by Autcmoblle
These trips depend upon condition of roads and may be at times
discontinued.

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QBANB CANYON NATIONAX. FABE 53

Bass's Chmp, 24 miles, aod HaT&supai Point, 1 mile beyond.
Rate same as Desert View trip.

Yavapai and Grandeur Points. — This drive extends 2 miles east of
ElTovar. Rate.Jl.

AxUhorUed Toteafor apeeial car tetvice

i.a,«s

p^tms

bJc^

$12
16
32

$15
20
40

IteKular rate, S3.

Regular rate, $4.
DegeH View drive

Regular nte, S8.

Tuba City and Moenkopi—1 day Special ear requires purchase of a rnial-

Regular rate, $15. mum of 6 seats, irrespective of num-

ber of paseeDgers.
Tufta City, Motnkopi, and Flagataff —

2 daya. Do.

Regular rate, $25.

Regular car service on Tuba City, one day, and the Flagstaff, two-
day trips, requires the purchase of four seats. A minimum of four
people is required in order to make the trip; in other words, less titan
four passei^rs will have to pay for four seats.

Six passengers will be handled in special cars for any of the above
tripe at the same rate for five passengers.

Should the demand for regular-trip drives be so heavy as to require
use of all autos available, special autos may be discontinued.

Chartered Automobile Service
Six-passenger touring cars may be chartered for service within the
park or elsewhere on routes not covered by scheduled transportation
service at $75 per day of 200 miles or $40 per hatf-day of 100 miles,
irrespecti've of number of passengers. Additional mileage will be
chalked for at the rate of 50 cents per mile.

Rales for ChUdren
On all motor trips there is no chaise for children under 6 years
of age.
From the ages of 6 to 11 the chai^ is one-half fare.
All childrm over 11 years of ^e are chained fuU fare.

GARAGE SERVICE
There is at Grand Canyon a large stone gaF^i;e with ample facilities
for repairing and supplying automobiles. 'Hie rate for storage of
automobiles is |1 per day.

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64 OBUID CANYON NATIONAIj PABE

Charg«i

Garage Btontge _ $L 00

Washing car___. 5.00

Eegular mechanical labor, per hour 1. 60

Welding, mechanic's time (material extra), pet hour 2. 00

Electrical labor, per hour 2. 00

Lathe work, mechanic's time, per hour 2. 00

Charging batteiy 1. 60

Charging battery overnight _ 1. 00

Filling and testing batteiy 26

Truck and driving mechanic going to car on road when no towing is

done, per mile

Round trip plus mechanical labor for tlm« worked on car, per hour

For truck and driver, per mile towed, going included, per mile L 00

When extra mechanic is required, his time starts from the time he leaves

the garage until his return ^ L 60

A tow-ear order stands until canceled by party ordering same.

Time and a half to be charged for mechanical labor after S p. m. fiat^
per hour 2. 26

Overtime for driver of truck on tow job after 5 p. m., per hour . 75

SUNDAY WOKE

Thne and a half will be charged for mechanical labor on Sundaj^. Rate,
per hour 2. 25

Current prices.

TRAIL TRIPS

Hermit Trail, stopping at BermU Cabins overnight. — lltue, two days
and one night. Hermit Koad by auto. Down Hermit Trail, stay
overnight at Hermit Cabins; go to river at mouth of Hennit Creek;
return up Hermit Trail to rim; thence to El Tovar over Hennit Rim
Eoad. Trips leave El Tovar and Bright Angel Cottages at 9.30 a. m.
and return next afternoon. Hates, $18.25 each person, including
guide, overnight accommodations, and meals en route and at Hermit
Cabins. Private guide, $5 per day extra.

Bright Angd Trail. — The trail here is generally open the year round.
In midwinter it is liable to be closed for a day or two at the top by
snow, but such blockade is not frequent. The trail reaches from the
hotel 7 miles to the Colorado River, with a branch terminating at
the top of the granite wall unmediately overlooking the river. At
this latter point the stream is 1,272 feet below, while El Tovar Hotel
on Uie rim is 3,158 feet above. The trip is made on muleback,
accompanied by a guide.

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QIUND CANYOK NATIONAL PABK 55

Those wishing to reach the river leave the main trail at lD<iian
Garden and follow the downward course of Indian Garden and Pipe
Creeks.

Leave from 8.30 a. m. to 9.15 a. m. for the river trip, 7 miles; return
to rim 5 p. m. Rate, $6 each person. Leave 10.30 a. m. for Crip to
plateau, 5 miles ; rate, $5 each. For special trips with less than three
persons there is a partj chaise of $5 extra for guide. Lunch extra,
except for El Tovar room guests.

It is necessary that visitors who wait down Bright Angel Trail
and desire that guide and mtiles be sent to meet them, be charged
full price and special guide fee of $5. This is unavoidable, as the
mules and guides are not available for any oUier trip.

Hermit- Tonto-Bright Angel Loop. — This trip takes two days and
one night. Hermit Kim Road to head Hermit Trail; down Hennit
Trail; stay overnight at Hermit Cabins; go to river foot of Hermit
Creek; return along Tonto Trail to Indian Garden; thence up Bright
Angel Trail.

Start from El Tovar or Bright Angel Cottages at 9.30 a. m. and
return next afternoon. Round trip charge is $23.25 for each person;
isivate guide is $5 a day extra; rate quoted includes regular guide,
overnight accommodations, and meals en route.

Tkree-Day Bibben Folia (np.-r-Leave about 9 a. m. Down Bright
Angel Trail, crossing the Colorado River by new steel suspension
bridge and reaching Phantom Ranch early afternoon. Overnight at
Phantom Ranch, following morning by way of Kaibab Trail in Bright
Angel Canyon, 5 miles to Ribbon Falls, beautiful clear waterfall in
the form of a crystal ribbon shedding its waters on a natural rock
altar in the midst of a verdant amphitheater. Box lunch at falls,
and return to Phantom Ranch for overnight. On third day the
return to El Tovar completes a never-to-be-foi^otten experience.
The all-expense rate for this trip is S30 per person.

Acro88 Grand Canyon to Kaihab NatioTial Forest on North Rim, —
This combines an instructive and interesting excursion across the
whole width of the Grand Canyon, from rim to rim, with a visit to
the Eaibab National Forest. This beautiful viigin forest is the
home of thousands of deer and the haunt of the mountain lion and
the bobcat. Starting from the South Rim, the round trip is made
in five days, including one day spent in the forested section. The
route is by the Bright Angel and Tonto TraUs across the Elaibab
Suspension Bridge to Phantom Ranch; thence along Kaibab Trail
and up Bright Angel Canyon to WyUe Way Camp at Bright Angel
Point on the North Rim. On the return Ribbon Falls visited en
route. For those who may wish to spend some time in the Kaibab
National Forest, saddle stock and camping outfits are available at
Wyhe Way Camp. Approximate expense, except personal accom-

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66 OBA.ND OANYON NATIOKAL PASS

Drippirig Spring.— Thia trip is made on horseback all the way, via
Hermit Eim Road to the head of Hermit Trail, down Hermit Trail
to Dripping Spring, returning to El Tovar and Bright Angel through
the forest; starts at 8.30 a. m. Rate, S5 each for three or more
persons; for less than three persons, S5 extra for guide. Private
parties of one or more persons, $5 extra for guide.

Saddle Horses

Recently many new bridle paths along the rim and through the
pines of Tusayan have been opened up, 30 that horseback riding now
is possible for all. The «-tiima1a are well trained and dependable.
Saddle horses cost $5 a day, or S3 a half day. English, McClellan,
Whitman, or western stock saddles furnished as requested. Side-
saddles not provided. Rates quoted include, for parties of three or
more, the services of a guide. For a guide for parties of less than
three or for a private guide the rate is 15 a day, or $3 a half day.
Horseback trips over any of the trails into the canyon are only
permitted when accompanied by guide. This is necessary to avoid
risk in meeting trail parties and pack trains.

There are several interesting foot trails near Grand Canyon vil-
lage. Information as to these may be obtained at the superintend-
ent's office.

CAMPING TRIPS

Camping tnps with pack and saddle animals are oiganlzed, com-
pletely equipped, and placed in chaige of experienced guides.

For climatic reasons it is well to arrange so that camping trips
during the season from October to April are mainly' confined to the
inner canyon. For the remainder of the year, i. e., April to October,
they may be planned to include both the canyon itsdf and the rim
country.

The rates vary from JIO to $15 a day for one person; $6 to $8 a day
each additional person. Such rates specially include services of guide
and camp equipment; provisions extra; figures quoted are approxi-
mate only, varying with different outii^.

Havasu Canyon and H<wasupai village. — The best time to visit
this place is from May to October, A journey of about 50 miles; first
by auto, 35 miles across a timbered plateau, then on horseback down
Topocobya Trail along Topocobya and Havasu Canyons, to the
home of the Havasupai Indians.

The home of this httle band of 200 Indians is in Havasu Canyon, a
tributary of the Grand Canyon, deep down in the earth two-fifths of a

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QBAND CASTON NATIONAL PAAK 57

mile. The situation is romantic and the aiuroimdings are beautified
by falls of water over precipices several hundred feet high, backed by
grottos of stalactites and stalagmites. This water all comes from
springs that gush forth in surprising volume near the Havasupai village.

The baskets made by the Havasupai women consist of Uie burden
basket, a shallow tray, and a water bottle of willow. Those made by
the older weavers are of fine mesh, with attractive designs, and bring
good prices. Havasupai means people of the blue water. Padre
Garces was the first white man to visit their canyon home. In early
days th^ Havasupais imdoubtedly were cliff dwellers. They built
nearly all the Grand Canyon trails, or rather their rude pathways were
the advance guard of the present trails. Their summer homes
Tremble those of the Apaches. The winter homes afford more pro-
tection against the weather.

The round trip from £1 Tovar is made in five days, at an expense
of 115 a day for one person, $20 a day for two persons, and $25 a day
for three persons, if entire distance is made on horseback. Auto to
head of trail, extra. Each additional member after party of three,
15 a day; provisions extra. These rates include service for party of
one or two persons, also cost of horse feed.

For parties of three to six persons an extra guide is required, whose
services are charged for at $5 a day.

THE NORTH RIM

Auto Stage Transportation from Utah Points

The north rim of the Grand Canyon National Park is reached from
Cedar City, Utah, on the Union Pacific system, and from Marysvale,
Utah, on the Denver & Kio Grande Western Railroad, by automobiles
operated by the Utah and Grand Canyon Transportation Co., Cedar
Gty, Utah.

Special all-expense toiu^ are offered combioing visits to Zion Na-
tional Park, Pipe Spring National Monument, Cedar Breaks, and
Bryce Canyon National Moniunent. These tours leave Cedar City
daily from June 1 to October 15. Operated for miniTnnm of three
full fares.

AUTHORIZED HATES

PwKu Cedar City, Utali;'

Five-day tour of Zion Natioiml Park, Pipe Springs National Monument,
Grand Canyon National Park (north rim), Eaibab Foreat, Kanab, Bryco
Canyon National Monument, and Cedar Breaks; fare for automobile
tzansportstion and 13 meals and 4 nights' lodgings f86. 75

Kve^Jay tour of Cedar Breaks, Bryce Canyon National Monument, Kanab ,
Grand Canyon National Pwk (north rim), Kaibab Foreat, Pipe Springs
National Park, and Zion National Park; fare ioi automobile trans-
portation and 13 meals and 4 nights' lodgings 86. 50

Ida la Bdmuc with tbs Ut^ Ji GtSBd I

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58 OBAHD CANYON NATIOITAL PABK

From Maiysvale, Utah;

Two-day tour to Bryce Canyon opeiat«d for one or more full faiee; auto-
mobile fare only |20. 00

For going trip automobile may have to be Bent from Bryce Canyon, and reasonable
notice must be given to the Utah Parks Co. lodge at Bryce Canyon. Partiee availing
timnselvefl of this tour may join other tours which are operated from Bryce Canyon.
The fare from Bryce Canyon to Grand Canyon and return (minimum ol three fall
ferea) will be 955; froni Bryce Canyon to Zion National PbA and return via Cedar City
will be $35.

Parties arriving at the south rim of the Grand Canyon National
Park via the Santa Fe lines and desiring to cross from the south rim
to the north rim and then visit Eaibab Forest, Zion National Park,
and leave Cedar City via the Union Pacific system or desiring to make
the trip in the opposite direction may arrange to do so. The cross-
canyon trip requires two da^ and is made by horseback. The
first night is spent at Phantom Banch, in the bottom of the canyon,
and the Wylie Way Camp on Bright Angel Point on the north rim
or El Tovar Hotel on the south rim is reached the following aftei^
noon. The all-expense cost of the two dajB* cross-canyon trip is
approximately $30 per person, guide extra. The Utah & Grand
Canyon Transportation Co, must be notified in advance to meet
parties of a minimum of three at the north rim. Arrangements for
the cross-canyon trip should be made in advance.
From Cedar Qty, TTtah:

Three-day tour to Grand Canyon National Park (north rim) via Zion
National Park, one-way tour; fare for automobile transportation and 6

meals and 2 nights' lodgings 949.76

Three-day tour to Grand Canyon National Park (north tim) via Bryce
Canyon, one-way tour; fare for automobile transportation and 6 meals

and 2 nighta' lodgings 54.50

Above taais operated for TninimiiTn of three fall fares.

Children under 12 years of age, one-half five. Forty pounds of baggage on full-feie
tickets; excess baggage will be chafed for at rate of 5 cents per pound.

Special Auto Service

Arrangements abo can be made with Harold Bowman, of Kanab,
Utaii, during the calendar year 1925 for special automobiles from
Marysvale, Utah, to Bryce Canyon, north rim of the Grand Canyon
National Park, and other scenic points and return to starting point
at following rates :

Special cars carrying four persons for 50 cents per mile and care
carrying six persons for 60 cents per mile, these cars to be operated
at the pleasxure of the occupants as to distance traveled each day
and as to places visited, with the proviso that a Tnininninn chai^
will be made for 20 miles in any one day whether traveled or not.
Twenty-five pounds of free b^^age will be allowed each person;
excess baggage will be charged for at the rate of 10 c«ite p^ pound.

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QBAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK 59

WyUe Way Camp

On the north run at Bright Angel Point, situated in a shady grove
of pines, is a WyUe Way Cajnp, consistii^ of a central dining tent
and comfortahle sleeping tents; everything is spotlessly clean. Camp
is open from June 15 to September 30, inclusive. There are accom-
modations for about 25 people.

Authorized rate at Wylie Way Cajnp, American plan, per person,
per day, $6.

SADDLB-HOBSB TRIPS

Airangements may he made at the Wylie Way Camp for saddle-
horse trips to various points of interest on the north rim and in the
canyon. Time required and rates are as followa:

Side trips and rates therefor from Wylie Way Camp, Bright Angel
Point:

To Point Imperial, one-day trip.
To Point Sublime, two-day trip.
To Cape Royal, two-day trip.

Saddle horses for these trips or for special trips on the plateau, $3
each per day; mounted guide for north-rim trips, $5 per day.

Down Bright Angel Trail to Colorado RiVbr and cross-canyon
trips the rate is $6 per day for each horse.

Guide for river and cross-canyon trips, $6 per day.

For all overnight trips from Wylie Way Camp on the north rim
cme or more pack horses must accompany the party, the rates for
these being the same as for saddle horses.

Bedding and provisions for north rim trips, $2.50 per day for each
person.

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A PORTION OF THE FIRST FOREST
Tha profuiion of p«lrlfied wood It clearly ihowi

PhotocnDb by Wm. Nalmi

ROOT OF PETRIFIED TREE, 7 FEET IN DIAMETER

The profile resemblea a dog's or lion's head

PETRIFIED FOREST NATIONAL MONUMENT. ARIZONA

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E CAMVON FROM NEAR EL TOVAR ON SOUTH Rlh

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^•"-'?»* CONTENTS

Pad

General deecription 1

A mighty spectacle 2

The first view... '. 3

Park Service information bureau 4

Living at the Grand Canyon 4

Free public campground 4

Seeing it from the rim 5

Descending the canyon 5

The Hermit Trail 6

The Kaibab Trail ! 7

The Tonto Trail 7

The Havasu Canyon 7

Origin and geologic history of the Grand Canyon 8

Hifitory of the canyon .~ 17

The canyon aa a resort 22

The north rim of the canyon 22

Tables of distances and altitudes 23

Roads 23

Trails 26

How loi^ to stay 28

What to wear 28

Adminiatcation 28

How to teach the park 29

North rim— Giand Canyon National Park 32

Road sign information 32

AutomobUe suppUeB 33

Water

Public utilities and ci

Petrified Forest National Monument 34

Rules and regulations 36

Maps 42

Literature 42

BibKc^ropby 43

Authorized rates for public utilities 48

The south rim 48

The north rim 69

MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS

View along the Tonto Trail Front.

El Tovar Hotel from root of Hopi House Inside front.

Village of Moentopi Inside front.

Petrified Foreat National Monument, Arizona, a portion of the first forest. Indde back.

Root of petrified tree, 7 feet in diameter Inside back.

Actoes the canyon fnun near El Tovar on south rim Back.

Across the canyon from Bright Angel Point on north rim Back.

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Flo. 1. Generalized columnar section, showing position and structural relalions

of the rocks of the Grand Canyon National Park 9

Flo. 2 . Generalized sections across Grand Canyon 10

Map of Arizona showing railroad connections 29

Map of Grand Canyon National Park 30

Map showing principal automobile routes in Colorado, Utah, Arizona, and New

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GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The Grand Canyon National Park was created by an act of Con-
gress, February 26, 1919. It is under the supervision of the National
Park Service of the Department of the Interior. Its final cre&tlon
came 33 years after Benjamin Harrison, then Senator from Indiana,
introduced the first of several bills to give it park status. Politics,
local apathy, and private interests, which sought to utilize its water
power and to find minerals in its depths, were the principal causes of
delay. All eflforts failing to make it a national park, in 1908 Presi-
dent Koosevelt made it a national monument. Once a railroad was
surveyed through it. A scenic railroad was projected along its
south rim. Less than a year before it became a park efforts were
making in New York to raise money to dam. its waters for power
and irrigation.

The Grand Canyon National Park is in northern Arizona. Its
958 square miles inclose 56 miles of the Grand Canyon stretching
west of its beginning at the mouth of the Marble Canyon. Through
it winds the Colorado River for a distance of 103 miles. From rim
to rim that portion of the canyon within the park varies from 4 to 14
miles in width; it is more than a mile deep measured from the north
rim, which averages nearly a thousand feet higher than the south
rim. The eastern boundary includes the lofty painted walls east of
which lies the Painted Desert. Its western boundary includes the
broad Havasu Canyon, tributary from the south, in whose depths
we find the Havasupai Indian Reservation and a group of fine water-
falls markedly different from any in our other national parks.

The park boundaries hug the rim closely. Very little of the coun-
try back of the rim is included in the reservation, scarcely enough in
places to take care of the great increase of travel which national
parkhood wiU bring to the Grand Canyon during the next several
years. These border lands are wonderfully attractive. The north-
em rim is heavily forested with pine, fir, and spruce, interspersed
with beautiful glades of quaking aspen. The southern rim carries a
slender semiarid flowering vegetation of rich beauty and wide variety,
and south and east of the railroad station lie about 50 square miles
of fine yellow pine forest.

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2 QHAND OAITTON NATIONAL PABK

A MIGHTY SiWTACLE

There is no doubt that the Grand Canyon is one of the world's
very greatest spectacles. It is impossible to compare it with the
tremendous white spectacle of the Himalayas, or with ^e House of
Everlasting Fire of the Hawaii National Park, or with the 17,000
feet of snow and glacier which rise abruptly between the observer's
^es and the summit of Mount McKinley, because it has nothing in
common with any of these. But of its own kind there is nothing
in the world which approaches it in form, size, and glowing color;
it is much the greatest example of stream erosion. And in its power
to rouse the emotion of the looker-on, to stupefy or to exhilarate, it has
no equal of any kind anywhere, unless it be the starry firmament
itself.

Approaching by rail or road, the visitor comes upon it suddenly.
Pushing through the woods from the motor camping groimd, or
climbing the stairs from the railroad station, it is there at one's feet,
disclosed in the sublimity of its templed depths, in the bewildering
glory of its goi^eous coloring. There is no preparation of mind and
spirit. To some the revelation is a shock, no matter what the ex-
pectation. The rim of the Grand Canyon is one of the stillest places
on earth, even when it is crowded with people.

To describe the Grand Canyon is as impossible as it is unnecessary.
Few natural spectacles have been so fully pictured, few are so familiar
even to the imtraveled. Its motionless unreality is one of the first
and most powerful impressions it makes. And yet the Grand Canyon
is really a motion picture. There is no moment that it does not
change. Always its shadows are insensibly altering, disappearing
here, appearing there; lengthening here, shortening tiiere. There
is continual movement. With every quarter hour its difference may
be measured.

There is the Grand Canyon of the early morning, when the light
slants lengthwise from the Painted Desert. The great capes of the
northern rim shoot into the picture, outlined in golden light gainst
which their shapes gloom in hazy blues. Certain temples seem to
rise slowly from the depths, or to step forward from hiding places in
the opposite walls. Down on the green floor the twisting inner
gorge discloses here and there lengths of gleaming water, sunlit
and yeUow.

An hour later all is wholly changed. The dark capes have retired
somewhat and now are brilliantr-hued and thoroughly defined. The
temples of the dawn have become remodeled, and scores of others
have emerged from the purple gloom. The Granite Gorge, now de-
tailed fully, displays waters which are plainly muddy even at this
great distance. And now the opposite wall is seen to be convoluted,
possessing many headlands and intervening gulfs.

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And 90, from hour to hour, the spectacle develops. Midday, with
sun high behind the south rim, is the time of least charm, for the
opposite walls have flattened and the temples of the depths have
lost their defining shadows. But as aitemoon progresses the spec-
tacles of the morning creep back, now reversed and strangely altered
In outline. It is a new Grand Canyon, the same but wonderfully
different. *

And just after sunset the reds deepen to dim purples and the grays
and yellows and greens change to magical blues. In the dark of a
moonless night the canyon suggests unimaginable mysteries.

THE FIRST VIEW

From the railroad station the visitor ascends to El Tovar Hotel
and the view of the canyon at a very interesting point. Here is
where the temples loom up in contrast to the plateau at their feet ;
the plateau still being 1,500 feet above the river. The view at El
Tovar is restricted by the extension of Grandeur Point and Maricopa
Point on either side. These cut off the view of the great reaches of
the canyon east and west. El Tovar view is a framed picture of
limited size. It is better so; better for the newcomer to enter grad-
ually into the realization of the whole which will come when he walks
or rides out to the many points which push northward from the
south rim; better also to return to after daj^ spent on the rim or in
the canyon's depths.

The traveler who is unlucky enough to have no more time at his
disposal may, even in one day, see much of the Grand Canyon either
from the rim or by mide-back descent to the depths as preference
dictates. Probably the one-day visitor can see more by taking the
16-mile Hermit Rim Koad drive west in the forenoon and the 60-
mile drive east to Grand View and Desert View in the afternoon
than in any other way. Both the rim drives and the descent into
the canyon may be had in two days. Every day added to the sched-
ule will ^ve the visitor further novel experiences and glorious
views, such as the Hermit Loop trip, the Phantom Ranch trip, or to
the north rim of the canyon, visiting Ribbon Falls en route, or the
long motor trip over the Navahopi Road to Tuba City and Moenkopi.

When you go to the Grand Canyon leave the duration of your stay
open for decision when there. You will probably then remain from
five days to two weeks. Two weeks of fairly steady going wiU enable

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you to see the Qraad Canyon Uioroughly without undertaking trips
which are a hardship to persons unaccustomed to trail riding.

PARK SERVKX INF(»tMATION BUREAU

A free information bureau is maintained by the National Park
Service in the Administration Building, 100 yards east of El Tovar
and at the foot of ihe hill, where the superintendent's offices are.
Park visitors are welcomed and are advised to apply to the attendant
in charge of this bureau for official information of any kind.

A collection of various geological and paleontological specimens of
the Grand Canyon is on exhibition, as well as charts of flowers and
birds.

A suitable reference library is being accumulated for the use of
visitors, and the Government maps and other publications may be
consulted or secured here.

Automobile arrivals are requested to register at this bureau, unless
previously registered at a checking station.

During the summer a ranger-naturalist will conduct short trail
trips along the canyon rim. He will explain all features relating to
the natiu-al history of the canyon. Full information regarding these
trips may be had at the Park Information Office.

LIVING AT THE GRAND CANYON

Living is pleasant and comfortable. El Tovar Hotel offers delight-
ful conditions at rates reasonable in these times for its high-class
accommodations. Its porches are broad, its garden a collection of
interesting semiarid vegetation, its rim walks inspiring. There is
horseback riding through many miles of yellow-pine forest and out to
viewpomts on the rim, but there are no sports. There is neither golf
nor tennis. The canyon absorbs the whole attention of its visitors.

Adjoining the hotel there is a most comfortable annex of cottages
and tents and caf^; rates are lower than those chained at the main
hotel. There are comfortable cottages at Hermit Creek Cabins on
the Hermit Trail, and at Phantom Ranch across the Colorado
Kiver. The latter cottages are built of the native rock, with mess
hall, etc. Both these resorts are first class in every respect,

Wylie Way Camp at Bri^t Angel Point on the north rim pro-
vides comfortable accommodations for visitors. Camping trips
along the rim and down to the Havasupai Indian Reservation and
the waterfalls of Havasu Canyon can be arranged. It is possible to
take your pack train across the river on the Kaibab Suspension
Bridge, stay overnight at Phantom Ranch, and ascend the most in-
teresting Kaibab Trail up Bright Angel Canyon to the north rim.
This trip is a matter of several days and is correctly classed as a
summer jaunt.

FREE PUBUC CAMP GROUND

From April to November the south rim is free from snow and the
ee public camp groimd near Grand Canyon Village is available to

a&AND CANfON NATIONAL PAB£ 5

campers. Motorists are ui^;ed to bring their own camp equipment
and make use of this camp. Sites will be allotted free of charge on
application to the office of the superintendent of the park. There
is a garage in ihe village where gasoline and oil can be procured.
There is aiao a general store where groceries can be purchased.
During the simmier months a camp-fire lecture will be given by
a ranger on the history and formation of the canyon.

SEEING IT PROM THE RtM

East of the hotel are several points reached by motor roads which
afford fine views of the upper half of the Grand Canyon. The most
famous of these is Grand View, where still stands the first regular
hotel of the canyon, now private property, and not affordii^ hotd
accommodations. The eastern terminus of the road is Desert View,
which offers a view up the Marble Canyon, and eastward over the
famous Fainted Desert. West of the hotel the auto stagee stop at
a succession of fine points, each with its own individual view of the
mighty spectacle.

There is much to see also in the neighborhood of El Tovar.

TQie recently completed Yavapai footpath extends eastward along
the rim to Grandem* and Yavapai Points. This footpath is con-
structed of asphaltum macadam and is so located as to give the
best views of the canyon.

An unimproved footpath extends along the rim westward to
Maricopa, Sentinel, and Hopi Points, and its use is only recom-
mended in dry weather. It is planned to improve this footpath
within a year.

DESCENDING THE CANYON

The descent of this trail is made on muleback in parties led by
guides. It is a sad mistake for persons not in the soundest physical
trainit^ to attempt it on foot, for the apparent distance as seen from
the rim is misleading, and the climb back is most arduous at that
elevation. The south rim of the canyon at El Tovar is 6,866 feet
above sea level. Nearly every day one or more trampers, overcon-
fident of their endurance, find the way up too arduous and have to
be assisted by guides and mules sent down for them from the rim.

The descent is an experience of great charm. The trail is well built
and kept in good condition. The traveler passes in review all the
strata which form the canyon walls ; their close examination will be a
source of pleasure. Just under the rim the trail passes through a fine
forest of Douglas fir, and from this down to the st^e desert of the

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6 QBAND CANTON NATIONAL PARK

green floor the traveler will also pass in review a series of v^etation
which represents scores or hundreds of miles of surface growths.
There are two steep cliffs which the trail descends in series of short
hitches of zigzags, one of which, known as Jacob 's Ladder, carries the
traveler down tie famous Kedtrall limestone, which is so distinct a
scenic feature of the canyon from every rim view. But there need be
no alarm about these descents, for the zigzags, short and numerous
though they are, maintain always a uniformly safe grade. It may
affect the unaccustomed nervously to see his mule hang his head
over short abysses at the turns, but the traveler himself does not
hang over them, and the mule is sure-footed, stolid, and indifferent.
There is only one creature with less imagination than a mule, and
that is his cousin, the burro.

Indian Garden, which lies on the floor of the canyon on the Tonto
Plateau, is so named because Havasupai Indians once cultivated the
soil through which passes the stream which originates in springs below^
the Kedwall. It is called Garden Creek. The Indian Garden now
is a tangle of high brush, principally willow, through which the trail
passes out upon the Tonto Plateau, and presently plunges down the
rocky goi^e which leads to the edge of the muddy Colorado.

THE HERMIT TRAIL

A much finer trail from every point of view than the Bright Angel
starts from Hermit's Best, south of Pima Point, and descends the
Hermit Canyon. It b^;ins 8 miles west of El Tovar. This is a
two days ' j oumey, including a night spent in Hermit Cabins well down
in the canyon. It involves an experience worth many times the addi-
tional day which it requires.

The Hermit Canyon is one of extreme beauty; there is probably no
other which equals it in goi^eous coloring and the variety of its rock
forms. The grades on this trail are less than those on Bright Angel
Trail, and it is also more scenic. It is longer than the Bright Angel
Trail and leads out upon impressive points overlooking fascinating
views. About 1,000 feet under the rim, at a place known locally as
the White Zig Zags, may be seen an interesting series of prehistoric
animal tracks in the sandstone.

The descent of the Redwall limestone is a masterpiece of trail
building, and the only part of the Hermit Trail which gives an
impression of steepness ; but this may readily be walked down by the
tmaccustomed rider; its descent is not nerve racking. The night
at Hermit Cabins, under a towering crimson gable, with colorful
Hermit Canyon on the south and Grand Canyon opening nori^hward
over the green shale of the Tonto Platform, or "lower plateau," is
as comfortable as it is fascinating. The trip to the river and back to
the camp is usually made the first day.

Visitors to Hermit Cabins will find a band of antelope always in
evidence.

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GRAND CANTON NATIONAL PARK

THE KAIBAB TRAIL

A new trail connecting Yaki Point on the south rim with the Tonto
Trail at the Tip-OfE is the last word in trail construction. As it is
built along a spur jutting out into the canyon, it is the most scenic
trail leading into the gorge. That part of the Kaibab Trail between
the Tip-Off and Kaibab Bridge was also rebuilt, as was the Granite
Goi^e section on Bright Angel Creek above Phantom Eanch. The
new trail reduces time of travel to Phantom Ranch by two hours and
makes it an easy half-day trip.

THE TONTO TRAa

Too few visitors to Hermit Cabins combine tha two trail trips
with a journey between them over the Tonto Plateau. The descent
is by the Hermit Trail with a night at its foot. The next morning
the journey is made on mule back along the Tonto Plateau to the
Indian Gardens. This journey is extremely interesting. The side
walls of the canyon and the numerous temples give one the sense of
being in the mountains instead of halfway down the depths of a
canyon. From the Indian Gardens, after lunch by the stream side,
parties ascend Bright Angel Trail to El Tovar.

THE HAVASU CANVCM*

The Havosu Canyon, in the far western end of the national park, is
rarely visited. The trail begins at the end of a long desert road by
descending precipitously to a goi^e through which the Havasupai
Indian Reservation is reached. There are less than 200 Indians on
the reservation. These live by farming the land irrigated from
Havasu Creek; com is their principal product, but melons, figs, and
peaches are also produced. The reservation fills a broad amphi-
theater in the gorge, surrounded by lofty red sandstone cliffs of the
Supai formation. There are no hotels or camps, and the heat is
intense in summer. The Havasu Creek water is strongly impregnated
with lime and unpalatable, though entirely wholesome. Neverthe-
less, the visit to the reservation is one of unusual character and charm
for those who do not object to a little hardship.

Below the reservation the canyon breaks into a series of waterfalls,
two of which are unusual in kind and beauty. These are the Havasu
Fall and the Mooney Fall, Both drop over lofty shelves, which are
plastered on back and sides by richly carved festoons of lune traver-
tine. Both the falls occur in deep goi^es in the Redwall limestone.
Bright green cottonwoods, cactus, and other desert vegetation
enhven the scene, which is as different as imagination can well paint
from anything else in the Grand Canyon National Park.

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8 OBAKD CANYON NATIONAIi PAIIE

In the spring, following the melting of the rim snows, there are
various waterfalls in the Grand Canyon itself, several of which last
for some months. These occur on the north aide of the river, where
there is a greater supply of water, the south side being arid exceptfor
brief periods following meltings and cloudbursts. One of these tem-
porary north-side waterf^ls in Clear Creek, which has been visited by
very few persons, is about 800 feet in height. With the crossii^ of
the river, which is now possible over the Kaibab Suspension Bridge,
these and many other fascinating spectacles, now little known, will
become familiar sights to many, llie destiny of the Grand Canyon
b to become one of the most used national parks.

(HUGIN AND GEOLOGIC HISTORY OF THE GRAND CANYON'

The Grand Canyon is the deepest and widest of a long series of
canyons through which the Colorado Kiver flows for 500 miles across
a region of high table-lands known as the plateau province or the
Colorado Plateaus. These canyons are unusually steep sided and
unusually deep, but they are merely parts of the valley of the river,
and, like most other river valleys, tiiey have been formed by the
stream that occupies them; they are not, as some who are unfamiliar
with geologic processes have supposed, due to any violent or catas-
trophic breaking of the earth's crust. The Grand Canyon is per-
haps the world's most spectacxilar illustration of the accimiulated
results of erosion — of the combined action of running water, nun,
wind, and the various atmospheric agencies that attack the rocks
and sculpture them into the forms that give character to a landscape.

A PECUUAR TYPE OF LAND SCUUTUKE

Tlie scenery of the Grand Canyon is the supreme expression of a
type of land sculpture that is peculiar to the plateau coimtry, a
type whose elements are cliffs and tabular forms — ^buttes, mesas,
terraces, and plateaus. The high plateau into which the river has
cut ite way is built up of layer upon layer of rock beds Uiat lie nearly
level and that extwid continuously over great distances. These
beds, as one may see in ihe walls of the canyon, consist of sandstone,
shale, and limestone, which have been grouped by geologists into
the formations shown in the generalized columnar section forming
Figure 1. This figure presents a summary of the facts relating to
the character of the rocks exposed in the Grand Canyon National
Park and the thickness, attitude, order of accumulation, and stnic-
timil relations of the formations.'

> Br L. r. Nobis, geolocl^, V. B. OeoloslCBl Burve;.

■TIiat«nn"l«matlan" Is leoerally applied tasgioap of lock bedatbat areof aboat tlicsamcHe, ta
ghcnrnbrths lossU: tbey contaiii, or tbat are coneldercd toeetbeclor coDvenlence In nuvplikK ot lilesorip-
tloD- A formation is Darned from the place vhore ft was first studied or from flmooplaco or legloowbvfl
Itlsirelleiposed. Tbe Kaibab limestone, for eiomple. Is so nainad becuisalt Is veil eqiOMd ontbt
Eaibab FlBtoau.

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OEAND CANTON NATIONAI* PAEK

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OBAUl) CANTON NATIONAL PABK

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GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PABK 11

AKOHITEOTCIU.I:. FOBMS DOHINATB THE OANYOH
As the formations lie in orderly horizontal layers, like beds of
masonry, they have been carved into definite architectural forms,
which are everywhere nearly identical Iq profile though varied and
irregular in plan, and aa they vary in their resistance to erosion,
some being hard, some soft, every part of the canyon wall, every
pinnacle and butte, is characterized by its own steplike alternation
of diff, slope, and shelf. Each resistant bed stands forth as a cliff,
foid each weak bed is marked by a slope. !Each shelf or platform is
made by the wasting back of a weak stratum that lies upon a resistant,
clifiE-making stratum, and the greater the thickness of the weak
stratum the broader the shelf. Tlie plateaus that border the canyoa
are themselves simply great terraces developed on a resistant forma-
tion, the Kaibab limestone, from which overlying softer beds have
been washed away. As erosion goes on parts of the canyon wall or
plateau become separated by the widening of branch canyons or
ravines and stand as solitary outhers capped by remnants of a hard
bed of rock. These remnants are the buttes and temples. The
great height of the plateau gives rapid fall to the streams that enter
the canyon and enables them to cut powerfully and deeply and thus
to carve the rocks into forms that are fashioned on a g^antic scale.
The erosion accomplished by these streams, though spasmodic, be-
cause th.e streams are mainly fed by spasmodic rainstorms in an arid
climate, is none the less effective. The slopes here are partly bare
of v^etation because the desert plants grow far apart, and the con-
centrated enei^ of a single torrential shower may thwefore wreak
more havoc than would be caused by a season's rainfaJl on plant-
covered slopes in a humid r^on. It is this prevailing aridity that,
hy retarding the growth of vegetation and the formation of soil,
keeps sharp and fresh profiles that in a moister region would soon be
duUed or obscured.

SECTIONS ACBOSS THE OANTON

The three sections across the &and Canyon shown in Figure 2
{A, B, O illustrate the intimate rdation between the profile of the
wall and the character of the rocks. In A, where the rocks along
the river are the weak shales of the AlgonMan Grand Canyon series,
the bottom of the canyon is a broad vaUey having gently sloping
sides. In B these weak stratified rocks are replaced by the hard
Archean crystalline rocks, and the river occupies a narrow gorge —
the Granite Gorge. Aa these hard crystalline rooks are not arranged
in beds and are all about equally resistant to erosion the walls of the
Granite Gorge have a steep, continuous slope, which presents a
striking contrast to the steplike profile of the wall in the overlying

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12 OftAKD CANYON NATIONAL PABK

bedded Paleozoic rocks. In G the river occupies a narrow box-
shaped vertical-walled canyon in the hard Tapeats sandstone, the
basal formation of the horizontal Paleozoic beds.

In the weak Hennit shale, in the upper wall of the canyon, is
thick and consequently wastes far back from the summit of the
underlying hard Supai sandstone, leaving a wide platform known as
the Esplanade. This platform, because of its great width and its
coDspicuoua red color, is the dominant featm^ of the canyon land-
scape in all the western part of the national park. But the Hermit
shale steadily gets thinner eastward in the canyon, as may he seen in
sections B and A, whereas the overlying cUff-making Coconino sand-
stone, which defends the retreat of the wall above the Esplanade,
gets steadily thicker in the same direction. The Esplanade thus
becomes a narrow bench in B and fades to an inconspicuous ledge in A.

In B the weak Bright Angel shale has determined a similar plat-
form in the bottom of the canyon. This platform, known as the
Tonto platform, or the "lower plateau," is widest in the region about
and east of Bright Angel and Hennit Trails, where it is a familiar
feature to tourists. It gets narrower westward as the overlying
Muav and Kedwall formations grow thicker and become firmer in

This marvelous adjustment of external form to the inequalities of
rock structure and character affords to the geologist the strongest
evidence that the canyon is the work of erosion.

A UNIQUE KBTELATION OF OEOLOGIO HI3TOBT
A large part of ancient geologic history is revealed more clearly in
the walls of the Grand Canyon than in any other place in the worid.
The beds of rock seen in the canyon were all laid down in water as
layers of sand, mud, and limy ooze and in time were hardened into
rock by the great weight of the layers above them, the lime and silica
that they contained cementing their particles together. As rocks of
this kind are composed of sediment deposited in wat«r the geologist
calls them sedimentary rocks, and as they are piled in beds or strati
one above another they are said to be stratified, and the beds are
called strata.

c;ooyic

ORANt) flAMirOB SAMOMAL tAAK 13

ftD(i one fonnatioD, the Coconino sandstone, is regarded by some
geologists as a sand-dune deposit. Nearly all the Paleozoic forma-
tions contain some traces of life — in the Kaibab and the Redwall
limestones there are corals and many idnds of marine shells; in the
formationfl of the Tonto group, the remains of primitive shellfish,
worm trails, and impressions of seaweeds ; in the Temple Butte lime-
stone, the remains of an ancient type of fish; and in the Hermit
shale, impressions of long-extinct plants. Fossil tracks of small
ammals, probably older forms of amphibia, occur in the Coconino
sandstone along the Hermit Trail. The aggregate thickness of the
Paleozoic rocks varies from place to place, but in the part of the
Grand Canyon that is included within the national park it averages
4,000 feet.

BOCKS OLDEB THAN THE PALBOZOIO

Ancient as are the formations of the Paleozoic era, two great sys-
tems of rocks — the Algonkian and the .Axchean — are buried beneath
their base and appear only in the depths of the canyon. The rocks
of the older system, the Archeau, form the walls of the Granite Gorge.
They are the foundation rocks of the r^on, and they are totally
imlike the Paleozoic rocks, for they are entirely crystalline, are not
stratified, and show a crumpled banding, due to the arrangement of
their constituent minerals in parallel layers, an arrangement pro-
duced by heat, pressure, and recrystaUization, The Archean rocks
are mainly of the type known as gneiss and schist, but they include
granite in large masses and dikes that have been intruded while
molten into the gneiss and schist. The Archean rocks have been
named the Vishnu schist. They contain no traces of life.

The rocks of the youi^er of ^ese two systems, the Algonkian, are
intermediate in age between the Archean and the Paleozoic rocks and
occur here and there in the depths of the canyon in wedge-shaped
masses that lie between tile Archean and the Paleozoic. They can
be easily distinguished by the casual observer in the region between
Grand View and the mouth of the Little Colorado, where at least
12,000 feet of them rranun. Small masses are exposed near the
mouth of Bright Angel Creek opposite El Tovar, on Crystal Creek, on
Shinmno Creek, and ^ong Colorado Kiver west of Powell Plateau.
These rocks, like the Paleozoic, are stratified and do not differ greatly
in character and appearance from some of the Paleozoic strata, notably
the red Supai and Hermit formations, but, unlike the Paleozoic
strata, they have been tilted from the horizontal position in which
they were originally deposited, so that they are inclined at various
angles. These Algonkian rocks have been named the Grand Canyon
series. The few obscure fossils found in them are so poorly preserved
that they tell very little concerning the primitive life of the period.

iLyGOOglC

14 GHAHi) CANYON NAJIONAL PA&K

GBEAT UNOONPOBMITIES

EacK of these two great rock systems — tlie Archean and tlie Algon-
kian — ^is separated from the one that overlies it by a nearly even
surface that cuts across or truncates all underlying beds or masses.
This truncation marks what is known to geologists as an uncon-
formity. Each unconformity means that the rocks below it were
worn down by streams or waves to a nearly level surface before the
material that formed the overlying rocks was deposited.

The top of the Paleozoic series is also marked as an unconformity,
for although the Prfeozoic beds are the highest that appear in the
wall of the Grand Canyon they actually once lay beneath a later thick
series of horizontal deposits. The traveler who comes to the Grand
Canyon from the north descends step by step in southern Utah a
great series of cliffs and terraces carved in horizontal beds, much like
the Paleozoic. The most noted scenic features of southern Utah —
Zion Canyon, Bryce Canyon, and the Vermilion, White, and Pink
cliffs — are carved in these beds, which overlie the Paleozoic and repre-
sent deposits of later systems, the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous,
which are of Mesozoic age, and part of a still later system, the Tertiary,
These later beds once extended across the entire region in which the
Grand Canyon lies, covering it to a thickness at least twice as great
as the canyon is deep, but nearly all of them have been worn away
by erosion. A few small masses of them still remain as buttes on the
Coconino Plateau south of the Grand Canyon. One of these, Red
Butte, lies 15 miles south of El Tovar, Another, Cedar Mountain,
lies 2 miles east of the rim of the Grand Canyon near Desert View.
Cedar Mountain is interesting because the formation that caps it,
the Shinarump conglomerate, contains logs of petrified wood. The
petrified forests of. Arizona (Petrified Forest National Monument),
which lie southeast of the Grand Canyon region, occur in a formation
that immediately overlies the Shinarump conglomerate and that is
exposed over wide areas but has been removed from Cedar Mountain
and Red Butte by erosion.

The rock record just described is laid bare in the Grand Canyon
and in the cliffs of southern Utah with the clearness of a diagrajn, so
that the sequence of geologic events in the region can be read from
it with ease and certainty. The unconformity that truncates the
Archean rocks means that an enormous thickness of overlying rock
had been removed from them before the Algonkian beds that now
he upon them were deposited, and consequently that a vast region,
once high and mountainous, was reduced by erosion through long
ages to the level plain represented by the unconformity.

^dbyGoogk-

GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK 15

When the land had been worn down to a plain it sank and was
buried under at least 12,000 feet of mud and sand that now form
the Grand Canyon series of Algonkian age. After these beds had
thus accumulated they were uplifted, tilted, and broken into huge
blocks that must have formed high ranges of mountains. Then
followed a long period of erosion, during which the mountains were
worn down nearly to a plain. This plain is represented by the
unconformity that separates the eroded Archean and Algonkian
' rocks from the orerlying horizontal Paleozoic strata. Exposed
as it is for the entire length of the Granite Gorge and for many
miles upstream from the Granite Gorge, and visible ererywhere
from the rim of the canyon, this unconformity is the most spec-
tacular known illustration of such a featiire. It was not so even
a surface as the older unconformity, for some of the bard sand-
stones of the tilted Algonkian blocks long resisted erosion and stood
as low hills on the plain. A section of one of these hills is visible
in the canyon wall from El Tovar. It lies under Cheops Pyramid,
juBt west of the mouth of Bright Angel Creek, and it rises well above
tbe base of the Paleozoic beds, which were deposited around it.

BUBMEBGENCE, DEPOBinON, UPUET, AND EE08ION

At the end of Algonkian time the land was again submerged, and
the horizontal Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and early Tertiary strata were
slowly deposited. The time consumed by the deposition of these
strata, whose aggregate thickness exceeds 15,000 feet, was long,
even in the geologic sense of the word "long," for it must be esti-
mated in miUions rather than in thousands of years, spanning as
it does the countless ages during which life was evolved from the
primitive marine shellfish to the apelike predecessor of man. Yet
it was short in comparison with the time consumed by the succession
of events recorded before the Paleozoic strata were laid down, for
that earlier period was inconceivably long, certainly far longer
than all the time that has elapsed from the beginnii^ of the Paleozoic
era to the present day.

In Tertiary time the region was again uplifted and a period of
erosion began. Streams cut channels into the surface of the land and
in time formed broad valleys, which thus continued to expand until
at last most of the land stood but little above the level of the sea.
At the end of this period of erosion, which is sometimes called the
great denudation, most of the strata above the Paleozoic had been
removed from the Grand Canyon r^on; their edges had been worn
back northward 50 miles to the border of Utah, and the surface
of the region had been reduced to a nearly even plain. The present
course of the Colorado River must have been determined by a topog-
taphy different from that of to-day, for in most of the r^ion that

iiyGoo^lc

16 GBAND CANYON HATIONAL PABK

lies within the national park, as one may see at El Tovar, the land
south of the canyon slopes directly away from its rim, so that the
canyon runs across instead of down a slope.

POLDINQ AND PADLTINQ

The uplifts of the region that raised the Paleozoic and Mesozoic
strata in Tertiary time were very different from those recorded be-
neath the unconformities in the canyon walls. The rocks were not
compressed and folded, like the Archean, nor were they broken into ■
tilted masses, like the Algonkian; instead, the whole region was lifted
bodily, the strata still preserving essentially the horizontal attitude
in which they were laid down. Yet the uplift was not equal over all
parts of the region. If, for example, we should cross the Kaibab
Plateau from east to west, say from House Rock Valley to Byan, we
should find the limestone strata at its western margin ending sud-
denly in a cliff and appearing again 1,500 feet below, on the surfac«
of the plateau oa the west — the Kanab Plateau. Such a break,
along which the strata on one side have slipped past those on the
other, is known as a fault. At the eastern mai^;in of the plateau we
should find the strata bending suddenly downward in a great curve
returning again as sharply to a horizontal attitude, and continuing
eastward as the surface of the Marble Platform. This type of di^
location is known as a flexure, or fold.

The uplifted Grand Canyon region is divided into great horizontal
plateau blocks like the Kaibab Plateau by dislocations of the type
just described, either folds or faults, that trend north and south; and
^e Grand Canyon crosses these plateaus from east to west. The
name of each plateau has been given to the section of the canyon that
crosses it. Thus the section of the canyon that transects the Kaibab
Plateau is known as the Kaibab division. The Grand Canyoo
National Park includes all the Kaibab and part of the next western
division— the Kanab.

In addition to the great dislocations that separate the plate&ue
there are numerous small faults and folds in the region, some of them
in the Grand Canyon. Many visitors who have noticed the faults
ask whether the canyon does not owe its origm or at least its course to
a fault, but although geologists have studied the canyon at maof
places they have found no evidence of the existence of such a frac-
ture. If it existed it could not have escaped notice, so perfect are
the exposures of the beds in the rocky walls along the numerous
turns of the river. Nor do any considerable parte of the canyon
coincide with faulta. On the other hand, it may be said that faults
have guided the course of many tributary goi^es in the Grand Can-
yon, and even some parts of the course of the river, though not in the
way popularly supposed. Erosion, not dislocation, has been the

iLyGOOglC

GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PABK 17

chief agent that determiiied the course of each goi^e. Movemeiit
along some of the faults, by crushing the adjacent rock, has fonned
zones of weaimess, which, under the searching action of erosion, have
become raviaes or gorges. An example is the goige of Garden Creek,
which is followed by the Bright Angel Trail in front of El Tovar.
The course of thk gorge has been determined by a small fault, which
has shattered the great cliffs of the Coconino sandstone and Eedwall
limestone and has made possible the construction of the trail. The
strata have been displaced about 100 feet by the faults, those on the
west side having been relatively elevated.

THE WORK OP HAEINQ THE CANTON

During the last great uplift of the r^on, which may still be in
prioress and which has raised the plateau to its present height, the
land rose so gradually that the river remained in its original chan-
nel and kept cutting deeper and deeper. The canyon is thus deep
because the land is high and because in this arid r^on the river,
fed by the rains and snows of the Rocky Mountains and armed with
great quantities of mud and sand and gravel, washed into it by its
tributaries, has lowered its bed faster than its tributaries could
lower the adjacent plateau. But, although the Colorado River has
thus dug the canyon, the various forms of rock sculpture seen in
the walls of the canyon have been determined by variations in the
behavior of the beds under the attack of the agents of erosion. And
this erosion is still going on. The observer of to-day who stands in
awe on the brink of the canyon or who finds his way precariously
down the trails that lead to its depths should realize that the work
of making this mighty chasm is not yet finished. The various agents
that have modeled the canyon— the rushing torrent below and the
smdl streams that descend to join it, the intermittent rain and
snow and frost, and those subtle yet effective chemical activities
that aid in the decay of the rocks, and, above all, the ever dominant
pull of gravity on all loose particles — all are still at work on this
wonderful piece of earth sculpture. In the Grand Canyon of to-day
we see the accumulated results of the action of powers that appar-
ently leave from year to year but slight traces of their action but
that, persisting in their work through uncomputed ages, have pro-
duced results of marvelous immensity.

HISTORY OF THE CANYON •

Don Lopez de Cardenas, of Coronado's expedition, discovered the
foand Canyon in 1 540, as a result of stories told by the Hopi (Moquis)
Indians to Don Pedro de Tovar. The old records describe a chasm
which seemed to be more than 3 or 4 leagues across in an air line —

"giM auia mas de tres o quatro leguas for el ayre."

' Fuinlsbed by cuurtes; of Froderlcfa S. Delleubaush.

, Google

18 GRAND CAHTON NATIONAL PABK

For a long period thereafter the Qrand Canyon r^on and the
Colorado Hirer remained practically unknown. It is next recorded
as having been seen by two Spanish priests in 1776; Padre Garces
crossing eastward from the lower Colorado to the Hopi towns, who
halted, he says, "at the sight of the most profound caxones whidi
ever onward continue, and within these flows the Colorado," and
Padre Escalante, who, in searching for a place to cross from the north
after his failure to proceed westward from Santa Fe to Monterey,
finally found the old Ute ford, used by Indians for centuries, near the
foot of Qlen Canyon (in latitude 37°), and by means of it was able
to reach Zuni. The ford then became known as El Vado de Im
Padres — the Crossing of the Fathers — for long the only known croes-
ing of the Colorado in a distance of several hundred miles.

The first American to visit the region was James O. Fattie, accom-
panied by his father. They trapped beaver on the lower Colorado
in 1825 and 1826. In 1826, returning eastward, they traveled for
13 days, following, apparently, the Grand Canyon as well as they
could, but unable to reach the river at any point, till at last they
arrived at a place where the river "emerges from th^e horrid moun-
tains." This was the first extended trip on record of any human
being along the brink of the Grand Canyon.

The famous American trapper and pioneer, Jedediah Smith, crossed
the river going west in the Mohave country in 1826 and again in 1827.
In this latter year the Patties returned to the lower Colorado and
trapped down the river from the mouth of the Gila in dugouts, the
first navigators of this portion since Alarcon, of the Coronado expe-
dition, came up in 1540. Quite unexpectedly they made the ac-
quaintance of the great bore at the mouth of the river, where they
^ere in waters that Lieutenant Hardy, of the British Navy, had
entered the year before.

Other trappers after beaver then followed into the region, and the
Government began sending out exploring parties. One of these
under Sitgreaves crossed the Colorado in 1851 about 150 miles above
Yuma, and three years later another under Whipple, surveying for
a railway along the thirty-fifth parallel, crossed a few miles above the
mouth of Bill Williams Fork.

When the California gold rush developed one trail of the Forty-
niners led down the Gila and across the Colorado at its mouth, and
now various activities on the lower river began. The firet steamboat
was brought to the mouth of the Colorado and up it in 1852. It was
named the Vnde Sam.

QftAMD CANTON NATIONAL PaSK IS

Edward F. Beale, surveying a Grovemment wagoo road, crossed
and recrossed in 1857 and 1S58, near the mouth of Bill Williams
F^k, and in 185S, January, the Government exploring expedition
under Lieutenant Ives proceeded from the mouth up the river in a
small stem-wheel iron steamer, the Explorer, as far as the foot of
Black Canyon, whence the ascent was continued in a small boat to
the mouth of the Vegas Wash. This was not the £rst steamer up,
however, as Captain Johnson, of a commercial navigation company,
had steamed up and passed with his steamboat dear through Black
Canyon to its head some days before, mainly to " get ahead " of Ives,
who had earUer displeased Johnson. Ives then proceeded overland
to the mouth of Diamond Creek and to the Hopi towns via Havasu
Canyon.

"It seems intended by nature," says Lieutenant Ives, after vainly
trying to reach the rim, " that the Colorado River, along the greater
part of its lonely and majestic way, shall be forever unvisited and
undisturbed."

This same year of 18S8 saw the first recorded crossing of the Colo-
rado from the north, by white men, since Bscalante. This was
accomplished by Jacob Hamblin, a well-known Mormon, a mission-
ary and Indian agent, from Utah to the Hopi towns. An Indian
guided hJ Tn to the Ute ford (Crossing of the Fathers) and he used it
thereafter almost yearly. These Mormons for long years were the
only persons besides Navajos and Utes to cross the river anywhere.
The ford, known to few, was difficult and dangerous at all times and
impossible except at low water.

In 1862 Hamblin went around the Grand Canyon by the west end
to the Hopi towns and returned by the Crossing of the Fathers at the
east end, practically, as Marble Canyon begins a few miles below.
The next year he again went around by the west end to the Hopis,
visiting the "hermit" tribe, the Havasupais, in their deep canyon
home, on the way, the first white man on record to do so
after Lieutenant Ives. The party returned to St. George around
the west end of the Grand Canyon. Nobody, as yet, went to the
rim and there was no known crossing of the Grand Canyon itself
anywhere by white men.

Another attempt to descend Green River from the California Trail
(near the present Union Pacific Railway^ was made in 1849, by
WiHifun Manly and party. They expected to find a shorter and
easier road to the California gold fields. After a hard time they
emei^ed into Uinta Valley, where they met the noted Ute chief
Wakar ("Walker"), who was good to them and urged them not to
try to go farther down the river.

In 1867 a man named James White was picked up from a raft near
Callville, below the mouth of the Virgin, in an exhausted condition,
wd those who aided him immediately but erroneously assumed that

20 QBAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK

he had come down through the Grand Canyon, the result of an igno-
rance as great on their part as on that of White. He knew nothing
about the interior of the great canyon and mentioned that he had run
one big rapid, whereas he should have mentioned big rapids by the
dozen.

So nothing became definitely known about the mysterious interior
of the Grand Canyon or of the canyons of the Colorado River above
as far as the Uinta Valley on Green River until Maj. John Wesley
Powell, one-armed veteran of the Civil War, made his famous passage
of all the canyons. He started with nine men and four boats from
Green River City, Wyo. (on the Union Pacific Railway, then the only
railway across the continent), on May 24, 1869. One of the men
(Goodman) was disheartened and left the party in the Uinta Valley,

The terrifying waterfalls and xmderground pass^es described by
trappers and Indians were not found, but the declivity was often
extremely great and continuous (as in Cataract Canyon, where it is
continuous for about 20 miles), producing violent cataracts, with
huge waves and a water velocity of over 20 miles an hour, frequently
studded with giant rocks.

The trip was one of incredible hardship and danger, led by the
Major with his one left arm, the other having been lost at the Battle
of Shiloh. The plunging rapids in the whole length of the journey
numbered several hundred to overcome the 6,000 feet difference in
altitude between Green Ri^er City and the sea. The boats were
often upset and the passage of many of the rapids was perilous to a
d^ee. Frequently the party would be forced to embark on long
foaming declivities without being able to discover what other, pei^
haps greater, falls might lie around the precipitously walled bends in
front of them.

The sharpest rapids occur in the granite, and the first Granite
Gorge, running past the Powell Monument, contains the worst por-
tion of the whole river. When, therefore, another " Granite Goi^e"
developed below Diamond Creek, the men, stalwart and full of nerve
though they were, having become somewhat demoralized by lack of
food and the tremendous strain, were disheartened. Three of them
consequently announced that they would go no farther,

This was desertion, but they preferred it to risking the difficulties
they saw ahead. They beheved they could climb out and reach the
well-known Mormon settlements on the north, and they beheved a
river party would be lost or starve.

^dbyGoogk-

OBAWD CANTON NATIONAL PAEK 21

"At one time," says Powell in his report, "I almost concluded to
leave the river. But for years I have been contemplating this trip.
To leave the exploration unfinished, to say that there is a part of
the canyon which I can not explore, having already almost accom-
plished it, is more than I am willing to acknowledge, and I determine
to go on. * * * For the last time they entreat us not to go on,
and tell us that it is madness to set out in this place." The same
appeal that Dunn made to Hawkins, the cook of the party, as Haw-
Ions himself tells it.

WHliam K. Hawkins, writing of this in after years, says the three
men had "made up their minds to go, and Dunn said he hated to
leave Hall and myself, as we had been together a long time, and that
■we would perish in the river. [Note the fear of the river which had
devdoped in the minds of at least three.] While we were talking,
the major came up to me and laid his left arm [he had no right]
across my neck, tears running down his cheeks. By that time the
rest of the boys were present, and the major said to me: 'Bill, do
you really mean what you say' [that he would stick to the major on
the river]? I told him that 1 did, and he said that if he had one
man that would stay with him that he would not abandon the river.
I just simply said that he did not know his party."

He certainly had reason, with three men about to desert, to beheve
that others might. The other five were true, however, and it is only
just to say that one of the deserters would have stood true, also, had
it not been for his brother, who was determined to leave. They all
then drank coffee together. The boat party went on, the deserters
climbed out on the north, each party thinking the other party doomed.
The deserters would have fared well enough and would have arrived
at the Mormon settlements had it not been that the Shewits Indians
on the plateau believed, or said later that they beheved, that these
were miners who had committed depredations on a trihe to the south,*
The men were therefore killed not far from Mount Dellenbaugh, and
their clothing, rifles, etc,, appropriated.

Powell's journal of this famous voyage is one of the most f ascinatii^
tales of adventure in literature. A large part of his meagier notes
having been lost, Powell repeated the trip on a more extensive baais
in 1871 and 1872, obtaining then the data on which his report was
based. There is no account of this second, vital expedition except in
A Canyon Voyage, by Frederick S. Dellenbaugh, a member of that
party. Afterwards Powell became director of the United States Geo-
logical Survey and of the Bureau of Ethnology, which he established.

QBAND CANYON NATIONAL PA&K

THE CANYON AS A RBSORT

The Grand Canyon i3 very much more than a wonder place or a
scientific museum on a titanic scale. It ia a pleasure resort of the
first order. It may be visited any day in the year. The railroad to
the south rim is always running and the hotel always open. When
most other resorts are closed the Grand Canyon is easily accessible.

During the winter snow falls in the pine forest along the rim; and
though the upper portions are snow covered, the trails into the can-
yon are open and safe; the floor of the canyon is warm and comfort-
able the year round. When nipping frosts redden cheeks on the
rim, the most fragile flowers are blooming in the canyon.

The weather in July and August is warm but not hot on the rim;
the altitude takes care of that. There are cool mornings, evenings,
and nights, no matter how warm it may be at midday.

Arizona is a land of sunshine; the air is dry and the winds are light.
While spring and fall are more attractive than midsummer or midwin-
ter, each season has its special charm. From December to March
snow is more or le^ abundant on the rim and a few hundred feet
down the trail. Camping-out parties must then confine themselves
to the inner canyon, which is more comfortable than the rim areas.

THE NOftTH RIM OP THE CANYON

There is a remarkable diiTerence between the north and south rims.
The north rim, a thousand feet higher, is a colder country, clothed
with thick, lusty forests of spruce, pine, fir, and quaking aspen, with
no suggestions of the desert. Springs are found here; and deer are
more plentiful than in any other area in the United States, as many
as 1,000 having been counted along the auto road in one evening. It
is a region soon to be used by hundreds of campers-out.

The views from the north rim are markedly different. One there
'sees close at hand the vast temples which form the background of
the south rim view. One looks down upon them, and beyond them
at the distant canyon floor and its gaping gorge which hides the
river; and beyond these the south rim rises like a great streaked flat
wall, and beyond that again, mites away, the dim blue San Fran-
cisco Peaks. It is certainly a spectacle full of sublimity and charm.
There are those who, having seen both, consider it the greater. On©
of these was Dutton, whose description of the view from Point Sub-
lime has become a classic. But there are many strenuous advocates
of the superiority of the south rim view, which displays close at hand
the detail of the mighty chasm of the Colorado, and views the monster
temples at parade, far enough away to see them in full perspective.

The trail trip to the north rim is now perfectly feasible by the com-
pletion of the Kaibab Suspension Bridge over the Colorado River and
the reconstruction of the Kaibab Trail up Bright Angel Canyon. It
ia about 32 niiles from Grand Canyon to the Wylie Way Camp on
Bright Angel Point. About 12 miles are made the first day, stopping
overnight at Phantom Ranch; the remaining 20 miles are covered
the second day.

GRAND CANTON NATIONAI, PARK 23

Auto transportation and rates for reaching this side of the park
bom the north are givea on page 5S.

TABLES OF DISTANCES AND ALTITUDES

ROADS

Onnd Canyon

Bead to HBTisapal

Trail to Hanolt Rnt

Fowell M«morUI

Botd Point

MoWe Polnl

Cnt-ofl to E«iiiit'R«V.l!

PlBonOoTe

Fima Point

Cul-oS to Grand Caajon.
HunnItRtrt

Trail to NatOTftl Brldgte.
H«ad of HBimlt Trail ... .

AdmlulsCratlT* beadquait«r8 of On

By foot or botsebsck to Hermit KMt o

Trail, S miles.
Memorial to MaJ. John Wcslcjr Paw<

nel Point .
Fine view. Sometlniea called Sunset
View of canyon and rifer.

id Canyon
Hermit

to Hermit Best.
■ 3f cannon and n

[, with Hermit

Creek Cablna <l

Interwtlng Harvey rest house. Light retteah-

Naturol Bridies In limestone, t mile.
r.i miles to Hermit Creek Cablos.

Dlfltanco from —

Orand Canyon..

Goad to Yarapal Point..

Motor omaahiE

Trail to Yakl Point

Uoqol Trail

Howe Well Road.

Trail to Sbosbone Point..
Williams Road Jun '

Long Jim Canron.-
I«iig Jim tool cache

Long Jim Canyon, east

Tbor'g Hammer

To Grand View Point

Oniid View Hotel

Orand View Camp

Oromid!'.
Hance ranch

Park boundary

naptalTrood

Park boundary..

Llpan Point

DwrtVle*

92844°— 26 4

Trail througl
matlnn Poli
Baddle-horse t

encircles head,
tea called Cte-

Rll to Grand View.

A catdia for tools used by rangers Id fighting

. Notable oolumns of lim
Magnificent view of cb
Navajo Mountain, rli

lome of Capt. John Hance, first settler on
I of Orand Canyon,
d View entrance to the part.
- . .. ;tago road from Flagstaff. Abandoned.
Desert View entrance to the park.
Locally called Lincoln Paint.
Navajo Point. Fine view of Marble Canyon,
Painted Dceert, Navajo Mountain, etc

GBAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK

ROADa— CoQtlnued

WE3 RANCn, TUBA CITY. MOENEOPI, rLAQBTAFF

DMsDce f rom—

AlU.

Flaw

Orand
Canyon

aiy

Remarks

MOa

44.S

Fat

KSSfi-S.JaKSfr.""-"-

Sifewg-

yon via Mains.

Distance from—

Alti-

Place

Orand -

Remarks

Mila

-TO
!.9B

3.10
8.25

7.00
12.60

20.00
31.40

29.70

33:70

33.20

3i66
32,50

30.10
28.06
26.20

13.20

1L80

E.40
5.00
3.50

.50

F/tt
B,S76

fl.820
8.S00

Trail to Hermit Rest. —

head of Havasu Trail, is miles to Havaaupai
Indian EeservatloQ.

6;626

gW trad to^^^d View..

RoweWellBoal. ,

S.482
8,375

6,235

Dripping Springs tool

Bench' mark, TToIted
States G6ol(«ioal Sur-

Road to Baas Camp

states Oeolo^cal Soi-
Su'^'drifttenee.

8:074
6.081

United States Oeological Burrey bench mark.

Bench mark In iia"'s
Canyon.

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GRAND CANTON NATIONAL PABK

DlW^rroD^-

Altitude

Qrand
Canyon

Maine,

Aril.

itila

49.00
M.0O
7».0()
St 00

M.00

as. 85

88. so

M.00
M.IM
16.00

16.00
20.00

Put

fl,g7S

8,890

Road to Ybvbp^ Point..

Bridge vialbla heneath.

Part eDtrance checking
■tstion.

0,718

Bouth entrance to Oracd Canyon National
Park. Raider aUtton, All cars stop and

Nearest ahopplag pohit to Grend Canyon.
County Boat of Coconino County.

I RIM QRAKD

NATIONAL PARK TO ZION NATIONAL PARE— 1

Wylle Way Camp

North Hm ranger statloD.

North entisnce Qrand
Canyon National Park.
DoMottePark

Plcaaart Valley

Crane Lake -.

East Lake-

Jacob's Laka lookout

Jacob's Lake ranger sts-

Dil ft fence

Fredonla

Pipe Spring

Cedar Mouataln

Honse, Autelope Springs.

Red Creek

Short Creek

Top Hurricana fault

Hunicone --

Zlon National Park

170. W
108.90

Iccommodatioiis for traveleis on Brigbt Angel
Point, north riin of Grand Canyon.

'National Park Service ranger station. Head'
quartore lor north rtm.

■^orth entrance to Qrand Canyon National

Range of white-lallcd sqalirels.

Forest Service ranger station.

Boundary line of proposed President's Forest.

le solid rock In the stockade.

'B Dixie. Population, 1,021.

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GEAND CANTON NATIONAL PABK

ROADS— OoDtlnoad

APPROACH ROAD, I

DWancetrom-

Altttufle

Plao.

Onuici

wmiBov)

RuDuka

i.K>
tt.BO

laoo

12.00
H.00

M.00
(18.10

cSissf^'iisaiS'.iS'as.'""'-

road.

TRAILS

GRAND CANYON TO NORTH RIM RANGER STATION VIA KAIBAB TRAIL-OT MILES

DIaUDwfrom

Altiliide

Plw»

Qrand

North

Rwnuta

itm

ILOO

17,00

17.60

1ft 00
21.00
2£00

34.00
28.00
2B.0O

IftOO

18.01
17.00

1Z»

&00

&oa

fl,87S

2,800
4»80

S,7S0
S,SW

«
li

8,160
8,2i0

Built b; National Park Service in 1921. Only
brWge scToa Colorado tot severe himdted

ssHSSSSS"^™.

iSla."""-"--

xSr^SSf^ieft.

Luge springs giubliig out oa kK.

wfcfe-:;;;;:;

North rim ranger sistlon .
Wylie Way Camp

Kanpr headquartera on Qortt rim. ReglMer.

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QBAND CANYON NATIONAL PaEK

TRAILS— ConliniMd

DlatanOBlram-

AltltudB

Plac.

Cwiyon

SS!

Raaaitt

3.M

3.10

4.30

T.JO

HtUt

7.09
200

National Park. Bot«ls, poet office, «tc.

Creek, ronnerbotna of Indians.

View or lone, river, etc.
Locaily called Hell's Halt Acre.

Veryaoenlc.

"sa'^-"""'

GRAND CANYON TO HERMIT CREEK CABINS TBROUQH WOODS AND BBBMIT
TBAU^IJ MILEB

Dlitaneetrom-

Altitude

Place

S?^

Remarks

JfUo

8.0(1

7.00

12.00

8.00

0,876

Kock wbeia MaisUsl Focb sat for half hour or
more smoking hla pipe Decembec, 1021.

S?^---

Trail to Dripping Sprinra end Boucher TraO,

Fine Harvey caunp.

SHORT WALKS NEAR QRAND CANVON

Distuioesnd
directioD Irom

EITOTOT

By-

Alti-
tude

Remsika

ifllM

"•^SSrSS""

FttI

B,8fl6

a,S60
0,870

T.060

Otwerratory. Ciuiosonsale.

Fl^o^agl, Hoek, Hoi.

Rim Trail and

bKSSS™,

OTandCanyoQ

Kim foot trail.
Blight Angel Trail.

Ing pictuie lecture daUy of

Bright Angel Trail. An-

wr't^^^r^.'-iu

asnorth

"KoieV^Ktid::

l.3saBt.

3,0 soaiiii^i:::::

F^'^w. Ealbabeospen-
eionBrld^TlilWe.

Qood water.

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OBAUD CANYON NATIONAL PARK
HOW LONG TO STAY

Time required. — Wliile one ought to remain a week or two, a atop-
over of three or four days from the transcontinental trip will be quite
satisfactory. The Hermit Loop overnight trip, down one trail and
up another, requires two days and a night, or more time may be
taken and include Phantom Ranch. One day should be devoted to
an auto ride along the Hennit Rim Road, and by auto to Grand View
and Desert View. Another day go down Bright Angel Trail and back,
A fourth day spent in short walks to nearby points or on horseback
will enable visitors to get more intimate views.

The several trips mentioned above are all well worth while, and the
high plateau above the rim affords many delightful horseback or hik-
ing trips.

The north rim offers the best opportunity for camping out during
the summer months. The high altitude makes the weather imi-
fonnly cool, while the magnificent forest through which rofun thou-
sands of deer creates a delightful setting. There are a number of
springs, and the water supply is not a serious problem.

The National Park Service of the Department of the Interior
recommends to the traveling public that stopovers of as long dura-
tion as practicable be planned at points within the park; that Grand
Canyon National Park be regarded not alone as a region which may
be glimpsed on a hurried trip, but also as a vacation playgroimd for
rest and recreation.

WHAT TO WEAR

If much tramping is done, stout, thick, hobnaUed shoes should be
provided. Ladies will find that short walking skirts are a conven-
ience; riding trousers are preferable, but not essential, for the horse-
back j oumey down the zigzag trails. Traveling caps and (in summer)
broad-brimmed straw hats are useful adjuncts. Otherwise ordinary
clothing will suffice. Riding trousers, divided skirts, and straw
hats may be rented at El Tovar Hotel.

ADMINISTRATION

Grand Canyon National Park is under the jurisdiction of the
Director, National Park Service, Department of the Interior, Wash-
ington, D. C. The park superintendent, Mr. J. R. Eakin, is located
at Grand Canyon, Ariz., and information, maps, and pamphlets
may be obtained at the office, where visitors are cordially welcomed.
The office of the superintendent is 100 yards east of the Grand
Canyon Railway station.

The park, El Tovar Hotel, the Bright Angel cottages, and the
cabins at Hermit Creek and Phantom Ranch at the mouth of Bright
Angel Creek are always open. Accommodations may be had at
Wylie Way Camp on the north rim during the summer mouths only.

GEAND CANYON NATIONAL PAEK

HOW TO REACH THE PARK

BY RAIL

The Grand Canyon National Park is directly reached hy a branch
line of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway extending 64 miles

^*0f^^xriMccmt^

I—

i^SS^""^

flPeachSprS.

nab I

idonia |

''GRAND CANYON

NATIONAL PARK

oTuba City

' Moenkopi

P£r/itF/ED FOR£^ _,
NATLMON.^
QMOA/r£ZVMA CASTLE
A/Art. MQN.

Z N

MAP SHOWING RAILROAD CONNECTIONS TO GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK

northward from Williams, Ariz, On certain trains throiigh standard
Pullman cars are operated to and from Grand Canyon station. Pas-

80 GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK

sengers using other trains and stopping over at Williams will find
excellent accommodations at the Fray Marcos, station hotel.

Stop-overs, not to exceed 10 days, are granted at Williams on all
classes of railroad tickets for a visit to the canyon. Limita of through
railroad tickets will be extended if necessary by agent at Grand
Canyon. Through tickets may include side-trip coupons, Williams
to Grand Canyon and return, at an additional charge of S9.12.

Round-trip excursion tickets at reduced fares are on sale daily at
practically all stations in the United States and Canada to Grand
Canyon as a destination.

For further information regarding railroad fares, service, etc.,
apply to railroad ticket agents, or address:

W. J. Black, passenger traffic manager, Atchison, Topeka &

Santa Fe Railway system, Chicago, Bl,
J. B. Duffy, general passenger agent, Atchison, Topeka &
Santa Fe Railway system. Coast Lines, Los Angeles, Calif.

The Union Pacific delivers tourists for the north rim at Cedar
City, Utah, and the Denver & Rio Grande Western, at Marys-
vale. The former is approximately 175 miles from the Grand Can-
yon, and the latter approximately 217 miles. R^ular stage service
is maintained from both these points to the Grand Canyon National
Park.

Complete information concerning these trips can be had from:

W. S. Baainger, passei^er traffic manager. Union Pacific

system, Omaha, Nebr.
F. A. Wadleigh, passenger traffic manager, Denver & Rio
Grande Western, Denver, Colo.

Parties making the trip from either of these places to the Canyon
can make an interesting trip covering Bryce Canyon, Cedar Breaks,
and Zion National Park.

If parties desire, they can make the trip from the north, taking in
all these features, cross the canyon and continue their trip on the
Santa Fe Railroad. This can also be reversed, entering the park
via the Santa Fe, crossing the canyon to the north rim, thence by
motor bus to either of the two railways mentioned above, where the
trip may be continued. Arrangements for such a trip should be
made at the time tickets are purchased.

Automobile tourists may leave the National Old Trails Highway,
which is the main east and west highway through Arizona at Maine
or Williams. In wet weather, the latter road is better.

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OBAND CANTON NATIiJNaL PARK 31

Flagataff. — It is 98 miles from Flagstaff to Grand Canyon via
Williams and 84 miles via Maine. At times in early spring, dming
summer rains, or late fall it is advisable to inquire at Flagstaff or
Williams as to road conditions. The Maine Road traverses more
beautiful forests and is more scenic than the WiUiams Kosd, but is
apt to be in worse condition, depending upon the amount of moisture

MAP SHOWING PRINCIPAL AUTOMOBILE ROUTES IN COLORADO, UTAH. ARIZONA,
AND NEW MEXICO.

that has fallen. The town of Flagstaff is located in the heart of the
San Francisco uplift and has good stores and garage faciUties. In
this vicinity are prehistoric cliff dwellings, extinct craters, volcanic
cones, lava beds, and ice caves. The summit of Humphreys Peak,
one of the peaks forming the San Francisco Mountains, is 12,750
feet above sea level.

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82 GEAND CvfNYON NATIONAL PARK

Williams. — Williams, 64 miles from Grand Canyon, is 34 miles
west of Flagstaff and 15 miles west of Maine, on the main east and
west highway through Arizona. It is the nearest shopping center,
and its stores and garages carry a good stock of everything necessary
to the automohile tourist. Williams b a center for a nmnber of in-
teresting side trips.

The route from Wilhams passes Bill Williams Mbimtain (elevation
9,264 feet, which has seven distinct crests), Red Lake, Howard Lake,
and Anita, running along the line of the Grand Canyon Railway.
No supplies can be purchased between Williams or Maine and Grand
Canyon, except at a point 10 miles south of Grand Canyon.

NORTH RIM— GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK

Autoisto who desire to travel good roads only in driving from the
south rim to the north rim must take a long detoiu- through Cah-
fomia, N^evada, Utah, and Arizona, or if the trip is made in the other
direction must detour through New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, and
back into Arizona. There is a poor road via Lee's Ferry which
reduces the distance to 238 miles. None but experienced drivers
over bad roads should attempt this trip. Those who undertake it
must cany a reserve supply of gasoline and oiL

ROAD SIGN INFORMATION

As fast as funds are available for that purpose the National Park
Service is having standard signs placed along the roads and trails of
this park for the information and guidance of the motorists and other
visitors that use the park roads and trails.

These signs, in general, consist of information signs, direction
signs, elevation signs, and name signs, all of which are of rectangular
shape and mounted horizontally; and mdepost signs, rectangular
in shape but mounted diagonally, all of which usually have dark,
green background and white letters or vice versa; and danger or
cautionary signs, most of which are circular in shape and iisually
have red background and white letters; and comfort station, lava-
tory, and similar signs, triangular in shape, having dark-^een hack-
ground and white letters. These last signs are so mounted that when
pointing down they designate ladies' accommodations and when
pointing upward they designate men's accommodations.

The text on the standard road signs is in sufficiently lai^e type to
ordinarily permit their being read by a motorist when traveling at a
suitable speed; however, as an additional safeguard, the motorist
must always immediately slow down or stop or otherwise fully
comply with the injunctions shown on the circular red cautionaiy

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GBAND CANTON NATIONAL PARK 33

Because of lack of funds it has not been possible to place caution-
ary signs at all hazardous places in the roads; therefore the motorist
must always have his car under full control, keep to the right, and
sound horn when on curves that are blind, and not exceed the speed
limit, which is 25 miles per hour on straight, fairly level road and
12 miles per hour on cm^es, narrow or steep descending sections of
road.

AUTOMOBILE SUPPLIES

At Grand Canyon village is an excellent garage under the manage-
ment of Fred Harvey. Storage or repair service, as well as gasoUne
and oil, may be procured here.

The Babbitt Bros. Trading Co.'s general store at Grand Canyon
carries a full line of groceries and cajnpers' supplies.

A supply of water for drinking purposes and for radiation, suffi-
dent to last to Grand Canyon, should be brought from Williams or
Flagstaff. Campers may obtain water on the camp ground at Grand
Canyon.

PUBLIC UTILITIES AND CONVENIENCES

POST OFFICE

The post office (third class), which does all kinds of postal business,
is situated near the Hermit Rim Road, about 400 yards west of the
railroad depot. It is open from 8 a. m. to 6 p. m. Mail trains
arrive at 8.20 a. m. and 6.30 p. m. and leave at 9.15 a. m. and 7.25

The Western Union offices at the railroad depot are open from
7.30 a. m. to 8 p. m, and at El Tovar Hotel from 8 a. m. to 12 m.
and from 4 p. m. to 8 p. m.

TELEPHONE

There is telephone connection between El Tovar Hotel, National
Park Service Office, ranger stations. Hermit Cabins, Phantom Ranch,
Havasupai Indian Reservation, Desert View, and the north rim.
There is also telephone connection to points outside of the park.

Every evening at 8 o'clock a lecture, illusirated with moving
pictures and slides, is given on Grand Canyon I*ln.''onal Park and
the surrounding country. Admission to this lecture, which is given
in the music room at El Tovar Hotel, is free, and all visitors to the
park are invited to attend.

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GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARE

NATIONAL PARK SERVtCB STATIONS

Hermit Basin, Pipe Creek on Tonto Trail 2 miles east of Indian
Garden, Grand View Pubhc Camp, Rowe Well, Pasture Wash, and
Navahopi Junction ranger stations, the ranger station on the north
rim, and Grand Canyon.

MEDICAL SERVICE

There is a doctor of long experience in the park and a trained nurse
at El Tovar Hotel. The nearest hospital is at Wilhams, Ariz. There
is a hospital at Flagstaff, Ariz.

PETRIFIED FOREST NATIONAL MONUMENT

Tourists visiting Grand Canyon National Park either by rail or by
automobile should plan a stop-over at tbe Petrified Forest National
Monument.

There are three groups of petrified trees in this reservation. The
first forest lies 6 miles south of Adamana, Ariz., a station on the
main line of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway, and the
second forest is 2} miles south of it. The third or Rainbow Forest
lies 13 miles south of Adamana and 18 miles southeast of Holbrook,
Ariz. It is best to approach the third forest from Holbrook; the
other two are best reached from Adamana.

This area is of great interest because of the abundance of petrified
coniferous trees which lie scattered about in great profusion. None
are standing as in the Yellowstone National Park. These trees
probably at one time grew beside an inland sea; after falling they
became water-l(^ed and during the decomposition the cell struc-
ture was entirely replaced by silica derived from sandstone in the
surrounding land. Over a greater part of the entire area trees are
scattered in all conceivable positions and in fragments of all sizes.

In the first forest may be seen the well-known natural bridge,
consisting of a lai^e petrified tree tnmk 60 feet long spanning a can-
yon 45 feet wide, and forming a foot bridge over which anyone may
easily pass. The trunks in the R^bow Forest are larger than else-
where, more numerous, and less broken. Several hundred entire
trees are found here, some of which are more than 200 feet long.
The color of the wood is deeper and more striking than in the other
localities.

"There is no other petrified forest," says Prof. Lester F. Ward,
"in which the wood assumes so many varied and interesting forms
and colors, and it is these that present the chief attraction for the
general public. The state of mineralization in which much of this

c;ooyic

QBAND CAirrON NATIONAL PARK 36

wood exists almost plocee them among the gems or precious etones.
Not only are chalcedony, op^, and agatee fomid among them, but
many approach the condition of jasper and onyx. The degree of
hardness attained by thorn is such tiiat they are said to make an
excellent quality of emery. "

ADMINISTRATION

Petrified Forest Nationd Monument is under the jurisdiction of
the Director, National Park Service, Department of the Interior,
Washington, D. C, and is in chaise of a custodian residing in the
third forest. At this place has been built a small museum housing
a wonderful display of polished petrified wood, also a fine collection
of the more rare specimens.

Notice: It is unlawful to take specimens of petrified wood, of any sise
whatsoever, from the reserved area. Samples for souvenirs may be ob-
tained from various points outside of the boundaries of the monument.

COSTS OF TRIPS AND HOTEL ACCOMMODATIONS

Adamana is a small placOj consisting chiefly of hotel, post office,
railway station, and a small store. The Forest Hotel has electric
lights, sanitary plumbing, with hot and cold water. Rates: $5.50
per day, American plan; meals only Si each; 35 guests can be accom-
modated in summer.

From Adamana the following auto trips are made: (1) To the
flfst and second forests and the natural bridge; (2) to the third or
Rainbow Forest; (3) to the Blue Forest; (41 to the Painted Desert
and the North Sigillaria Forest.

The round-trip fare from Adamana for trips 1, 3, and 4 is J6 for
one person, $3 per capita for two persons, and 12.50 per capita for
three or more ; round-trip fare for trip 2 is $10, $6, and J5, respectively.
About one-half day is allotted to each trip, although three trips can
he made in a day.

Holbrook, the county seat of Navajo County, has satisfactory
hotel accommodations, with prices about the same as at Adamana.
Round-trip fare from Holbrook to third or Rainbow Forest is $7.50
for one passenger, $3.75 each for two passengers, $2.50 each for
three or more passengers.

The Petrified Forest may be visited from Adamana any day in
the year, except when high waters make the streams temporarily
impassable.

STOP-OVER ARRANGEMENTS

Stop-overs are allowed at Adamana, not to exceed 10 days, on all
one-way railroad tickets, also on round-trip railroad tickets within
their limits.

To obtain stop-overs on one-way railroad tickets, notify train
conductor and deposit tickets with agent immediately after arrividj
on round-trip tickets notify train conductors. .

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86 GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK

RULES AND REGULATIONS

(ApproTod April 3, mo, to conllnue In force and effect until otberwlse directed by the Secretary o[ tbe

Interior)

GDIERAL RBGtlUnONS

The following rules and r^ulations for the government of the
Grand Canyon National Park are hereby established and made pubhc
pursuant to autbority conferred by the act of Congress approved
August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 536), as amended June 2, 1920 (41 Stat.
732), and the act of February 26, 1919 (40 Stat. 1175) :

1. Preservation of natural features and curiosities. — The destruc-
tion, injury, defacement, or disturbance in any way of tbe public
buildings, signs, equipment, or other property, or the trees, flowers,
vegetation, rocks, mineral, animal, or bird, or other Ufe is prohibited:
Provided, That flowers may he gathered in small quantities when,
in tbe judgment of the superintendent, their remov^ will not impair
the beauty of the park.

2. Camping. — No camp shall he made along roads except at desig-
nated localities. Blankets, clothing, hammocks, or any other article
likely to frighten teams shall not be hui^ near the road.

Many successive parties camp on the same sites during the season;
therefore camp grounds shall be thoroughly cleaned before they are
abandoned. Tin cans, bottles, cast-off clothing, and all other debris
shall he placed in garbage cans or pits provided for the purposdl
When camps are made in unfrequented locaUties where pits or cans
may not be provided, all refuse shall be burned or hidden where it
wiU not be offensive to the eye.

Campers may use only dead or fallen timber for fuel.

3. Fires.— Files constitute one of the greatest perils to the park;
they shaU not be kindled near trees, dead wood, moss, dry leaves,
forest mold, or other vegetable refuse, but in some open space on
rocks or earth. Should camp be made in a loc^ty where no such
open space exists or is provided, the dead wood, moss, dry leaves,
etc., shalt be scraped away to the rock or earth over an area con-
siderably larger than that required for the fire.

Fires shall be l^hted only when necessary, and when no longer
needed shall be completely extinguished, and aU embers and beds
smothered with earth or water, so that there remains no possibility
of reignition.

eipedal care ihsll be taken that no lighled match, dsar, or dgarelle It ikapped In any vais, twU*.
leave*, or tree mold.

4. Hmding. — The park is a sanctuary for wild life of every sort,
and hunting, killing, wounding, capturing, or frightening any bird or
anim^ in the park is prohibited.

The outfits, including guns, traps, teams, horses, or means of trans-
portation us&i by persons engaged in hunting, k il l ing , trapping, en-

ityGoO^lc

GEAND CANYON NAUONAL PABK 87

snaring, or capturing birds or wild animals, or in possession of game
killed on the park lands, shall be taken up by the superintendent
and held subject to the order of the Director of the National Park
Service, except in cases where it is shown by satisfactory evidence
that the outfit is not the property of the person or persons violating
this regulation and the actual owner was not a party to such violation-
Firearms are prohibited in the park except on written permission of the
superintendent. Visitors entering or traveling through the pwk to
places beyond shall at entrance report and surrender all firearms, traps,
nets, seines, or explosives in their possession to the first park oflScer and
in proper cases may obtain his written leave to carry them through the
park sealed. The Government assumes no responsibilities for loss or
damage to any firearms, traps, nets, seines, or otber property so surren-
dered to any park officer, nor are park officers authorized to accept the
responsibility of custody of any property for the convenience of visitors.

5. KsAiTj^.— Fishingwith nets, seines, traps, or by the use of drugs or -
explosives, or in any other way than with hook and line, or for merchan-
dise or profit, is prohibited. Fishing in particular water may be sus-
pended, or the number of fish that may be taken by one person in any
one day from the various streams or lakes may be regulated by the
superintendent. All fish hooked less than 6 inches long shall be care-
fully handled with moist hands and returned at once to the water if
not seriously injured. Fish retained shall be killed. Ten fish shall
constitute the limit for a day's catch.

6. Private operations.— -No person, firm, or corporation shall reside
permanently, engage in any business, or erect buildings in the park
without permission in writing from the Director of the National Park
Service, Washington, D. C. Applications for such permission may
be addressed to the Director or to the superintendent of the park.

7. Cameras.— Still and motion picture cameras may be freely used
in the park for general scenic purposes. For the filming of motion
pictures requirii^ the use of artificial or special settings, or involving
the performance of a professional cast, permission must first be
obtained from the superintendent of the park.

8. Qamhling. — Gambling in any form, or the operation of gamblii^
devices, whether for merchandise or otherwise, is prohibited,

9. Advertisements. — Private notices or advertisements shall not be
posted or displayed on Government lands within the park, excepting
such as the superintendent deems necessary for the convenience and
guidance of the public.

10. Mining. — The location of mining claims on Government lands
in the park is permitted only with the prior approval of the Secretary
of the Interior.

11. Patented lands. — Owners of patented lands within the park
limits are entitled to the full use and enjoyment thereof; the bounda-
ries of such lands, however, shall be determined and marked and
defined so that they may be readily distinguished from the park
lands. While no limitations or conditions are imposed upon the
use of private lands so long as such use does not interfere with or

38 GBAND CANYOS NATIONAL PABE

injure the park, private owners shall provide against trespass by
their live stock upon the park lands, and all trespasses committed
will be punished to the full extent of the law. Stock maj be taken
over the park lands to patented private lands with the written per-
mission and under the supervision of the superintendent, but such
permission and supervision are not required when access to such
private lands is had wholly over roads or lands not owned or con-
trolled by the United States.

12. Chasing. — The running at lai^e, herding, or grazing of live
stock of any kind on the Government lands in the park, as well as
the driving of live stock over same, is prohibited, except where
authority therefor has been granted by the superintendent. Live
stock found improperly on the park lands may be impounded and
held until claimed by the owner and the trespass adjusted.

13. Authorised operators. — All persons, finns, or corporations hold-
ing franchises in the park shall keep the grounds used by them
properly policed and shall maintain the premises in a sanitary con-
dition to the satisfaction of the superintendent. No operator shall
retain in his employment a person whose presence in the park may
be deemed by the superintendent subversive of good order and
management of the park.

14. Dogs and cats. — Cats are not permitted on the Government
lands in the park and dogs only to those persons passing through the
park to the territory beyond, in which instances they shall be kept
tied while crossing the park.

15. Dead animala.—A}\ domestic and grazed animals that may die
in the park at any tourist camp or along any of the public thorough-
fares shall be buried immediately by the owner or person having
chaise of such animals at least 2 feet beneath the ground, and in no
case less than one-fourth mile from any camp or thoroughfare.

16. Tra/t)el on trails. — Pedestrians on trails, when saddle or pack
animals are passing them, shall remain quiet until the animals have

Persons travelii^ on the trails of the park either on foot or on saddle
animals shall not make short cuts but shall confine themselves to the
main trails.

17. Travel, general. — (a) Saddle horses, pack trains, and horse-drawn,
vehicles have right of way over motor-propelled vehicles at all times.

(6) Load and vehicle weight limitations shall be those prescribed
from time to time by the Director of the National Park Service
and shall be complied with by the operators of all vehicles using the
park roads. Schedules showing weight limitations for different roads

fiBANb CaSTON SAtlONAL PASK 39

in the park may be seen at the office of the superintendent and at
the ranger stations at the park entrances.

(c) All vehicles shall be equipped with lights for night travel. At
least one light shall be carried on the left front side of horse-drawn
vehicles, in a position such as to be visible from both front and rear.

18. MisceBaneow. — (a) Campers and others shall not wash
clothing or cooking utensils in the waters of the park, or in any
way pollute them, or bathe in any of the streams near the r^^arly
trav^ed thoroughfares in the park without suitable bathii^ clothes.

ib) Stock shall not be Ued so as to permit their enterii^ any of
^e streams of the park. All animals shall be kept a sufficient dis-
tance from camping grounds in order not to litter the ground and
make xmfit for use the area which may be used later aa tent sites.

(c) Campers and all others, save those holding Ucenses from the
Director of the National Park Service, are prohibited from hiring
their horses, trappings, or veJiicles to tourists or visitors in the park.

19. Fines and penalties. — Persons who render themselves obnox-
ious by disorderly conduct or bad behavior shall be subjected to the
punishment hereinafter prescribed for violation of the foregoing
r^pilations and may be summarily removed from the park by the
superintendent and not allowed to return without permission in
writing from the Director of the National Park Service or the super-
intendent of the park.

Any person who violates any of the for^oii^ regulations shaU be
deemed guUty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to a fine of not
more than $500 or imprisonment not exceedii^ six months, or both,
and be adjudged to pay all costs of the proceedings.

20. Lost and found articles. — Persons finding lost articles should
deposit them at the nearest ranger station, leaving their own names
and addresses, so that if not claimed by owners within 60 days,
articles may be turned over to those who found them.

AUTOMOBae AND MOTOR CYCLE REGULATIONS

Pursuant to authority conferred by the act of Congress approved
August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535), as amended June 2, 1920 (41 Stat.
732), and the act of February 26, 1919 (iO Stat. 1175), the following
regulations covering the admission of automobiles and motor cycles
into the Grand Canyon National Park are hereby established and
made public:

1. Entrances and roads. — Automobiles and motor cycles may enter
and leave the park by, and travel over, any of the roads therein
which are open to motor vehicles.

Careful diriving is demanded of all persons using the roads. Hie
Government is in no way responsible for any kind of accident. ■

40 GBAND CANTON NATIONAL PABK

2. A'dtomohUes. — The park is open to automobiles operated for
pleasure, but not to those carrying passengers who are paying,
either directly or indirectly, for the use of machines (excepting,
however, automobiles used by transportation lines operating under
Government franchise), and any person operating an automobile in
contravention of the provisions of this r^^ation will be deemed
guilty of its violation.

3. Motw cycles. — Motor cycles are admitted to the park under
the same conditions as automobiles and are subject to the same
regulations as far as they are applicable.

4. Motor trucks. — Motor trucks may enter the park subject to the
weight limitations prescribed by the Director of the National Park
Service. Schedules showing prescribed weight limitations for motor
trucks may be seen at the office of the superint^ident and at the
ranger stations at the park entrances.

5. Permits. — For entrance to the park on the south rim a permit
shall be secured at the ranger station where the automobile enters,
which will entitle the permittee to operate the particular automobile
indicated in the permit over any or all of the roads on the south
rim; provided, however, that residents of the park operating auto-
mobiles therein shall not be required to secure such permit. The
permit is good for the entire season, expiring on December 31 of
the year of issue, but is not transferable to any other vehicle than
that to which originally issued. The permit shall be carefully kept
so that it can be exhibited to park rangere on demand. Each per-
mit shall be exhibited to the park ranger for verification on exit
from the park. Duplicate permits will not be issued in lieu of
ori^al permits lost or mislaid.

6. Fees. — The fee for automobile or motor cycle permit is $1,
payable in cash only. No chaise, however, shall be made for such
permit issued to residents of Coconino County entering the park in
the conduct of their usual occupation or business.

7. Intoxication. — No person who is xmder the influence of intoxicat-
ing liquor, and no person who is addicted to the use of narcotic dn^,
shall operate or drive a motor vehicle of any kind on the park roads.

8. DistaTice apart; gears arid brakes. — Automobiles while in motion
shall be not less than 50 yards apart, except for purpose of passing,
which is permissible only on comparatively level stretches of roads
and on slight grades. All automobiles, except while shifting gears,
shall retain their gears constantly enmeshed. The driver of each
automobile may be required to satisfy park officers that all parts
of his machine, particularly the brakes and tires, are in first-lass
working order and capable of making the trip, and that there is
sufficient gasoline in the tank to reach the next place where it may
be obtained. The automobile shall carry at least one extra tire.
Motor cycles not equipped with brakes in good working order are
not permitted to enter the park.

1 1» Google

OBAND CANYON NATIONAL PABK ^ 41

9. Speeds. — ^Automobiles and other vehicles shall be so operated
as to be under the safe control of the driver at all times. The speed
shall be kept within such limits as may be necessary to avoid accident.

Speed is limited to 12 miles per hour on grades and when rounding
sharp curves, and in Grand Canyon village area. On straight, open
stretches when no vehicle is nearer than 100 yards the speed may be
increased to 25 miles per hour.

10. Horns. — The horn shall be soimded on approaching curves or
stretches of road concealed for any considerable distance by slopes,
overhanging trees, or other obstacles, and before meeting or passing
other automobiles, motor cycles, riding or driving animals, or pedes-
trians.

11. Lights. — ^AU automobiles shall be equipped with head and tail
lights, the headlights to be of sufficient bnlliancy to insure safety in
driving at night, and all hghts shall be kept lighted after sunset when
automobile is on the road. Headhglita shall be dimmed when meeting
other automobiles, motor cycles, riding or driving animals, or pedes-
trians.

12. Muffler eitt-outs. — Muffler cut-outs shall be closed while ap-
proaching or passingriding horses, horse-drawn vehicles, hotels, cajnps,
or checking stations, and in Grand Canyon village area,

13. Teams. — Teams have the right of way, and automobiles shall
be backpd or otherwise handled as may be necessary so as to enable
teams to pass with safety. In no case shall automobiles pass anim^
on the road at a speed greater than 12 miles an hour.

14. OverUtking vehicles. — ^Any vehicle traveling slowly upon any of
the park roads shall, when overtaken by a faster moving motor
vehicle and upon suitable signal from such overtaking vehicle, give
way to the right, allowing the overtaking vehicle reasonably free
passage, provided the overtaking vehicle does not exceed the speed
limits specified for the road in question.

When automobiles going in opposite directions meet on a grade
tlie ascending machine has right of way, and the descending machine
shall he backed or otherwise handled as may be necessary to enable
the Mcending machine to pass with safety.

15. Accidents, stop-overs. — If, because of accident or stop for any
reason, automobiles are unable to keep going, they shall be imme-
diately parked off the road or, where tfiis is impossible, on the outer
edge of the road.

16. Fines and penalties.— Any person who violates any of the fore-
going regulations shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall
besubject to a fine of not more than $500 or imprisonment not exceed-
ing six months, or both, and be adjudged to pay all costs of the pro-
ceedings, and such violation shall subject the offender to immediate
ejectment from the park. Persons ejected from the park will not be
permitted to return without prior sanction in writing from the Direc-
tor of the National Park Service or the superintendent of the park.

.,.,3lc

42 QBAND CANTON NATIONAL PAKE

MAPS
The following maps * may be obtained from the Director of the
United States Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. Remittances
should be made by money order or in cash.

Shinumo, 28} by 25 inches, scale about I mile to 1) inches, contour interval 60 feet.

BmaHT Anqkl, 26 by 20) inches, scale about 1 mile to I) inches, contour interval
50 feet. An account of the geologic history of the Grand Canyon and a descrif^
tion of the rocks, by L. F. Noble, is printed on the reverse aide of the map.

Vishnu, 28 by 21 inches, scale about 1 mile to 1) inches, contour interval 50 feet.
re piinted In blaiik, tbs stnama In blue, and the

UTERATURE

GOVERNMENT PUBUCATIONS

Government publications on Grand Canyon N'ational Park may be
obtained as indicated below. Separate conunimications should be
addressed to the officers mentioned.

DlSTKmUTED TREE BT THE NATIONAL FARE SEBVIOE

d manuments BdminUUred b; ttia NaUraul Park Service,

Map of the western United States,

Sbows the NatioDBl Park-tO'PBrt: Highway and otbei roads.

Glimpses of Our National Parks. 59 pages, including 23 illustrations.

Contains deaoriptton ol Iho most Important features of tho principal national parks.

Glimpses of Our National Monuments. 73 pages, including 34 illustrations.
Contsiua brlel description ol all tbe national monmnenla admbiislered by the Department of the

SOLD BT THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCITMENTS

The NaUmial Parka PorlfaHo. By Robert Slertng Yard. Third EdIlkM. 270 pases, Indudlng 310
llluitratloiit. Bound securely in dotli. Jl.< , .

Contains nbie cbapters, eadi dMcrlptive ol a national park, and one a larger cbapter devoted to otber
prj-ks and monumeuls.

Guidebook of the Western United States, Part C, the Santa Fe Route, with a side
trip to the Grand Canyon of the Colorado, by N. H. Darton and others. (Bul-
letin 613, U. S. Geological Survey.) 1915. 194 pages, 25 route maps, 42
plates, 40 text figures. SO cents.*

This Euide descrlbea the country slonK tbe Atchison. Topi^a & Santa Fe RaQvay from Kansas City
to L« Angeles. Although tbe deacription of tbe roclcs and tbeir relations and tbe scenic features form
a large pTOI>ortlon of tbe matter, ne^ly evfry page gives Information aa to notable bLstoric events, indoa-
trial tesouroee, plaate, and animals. Tbe story of tbe Indians, past and present, especially the charac-

lay be pmdiased also by personal application at Che office of tbe superintendent of tbe paric, but tbat

GBAND CANYON NATIONAI. PARK 43

teriatlo FueMa tribes. Is told la some detail. Many ot Uw facts refardlng the rocks arc here piesAiiled
for the flist time. The book contains namerous vlewsof ptomlaent scenic leatuies and plctores or lesto-
latton of some o[ the ver; remarltable anlmala whose bones ara foimd In the clays.

Exploration of the Colorado River of the Weet and Its TributarieB, by John Weeley
PoweU. Explored in 1869, 1870, 1871, and 1872. Pp.291. Under the direction
of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. lUustrated. Government Print-
ing Office, Waahington, 1875. (Out of print,)

Pre-Cambiian Igneous Rocks of the Unkar Terrane, Grand Cuiyoii of the Colmado,
Ariz,, by C. D. Walcott. U. S. Geol, Surv. 14th Ann. Eept., pt. 2, pp. 497-524,
plfl. 60^65. 1894, rJ.lO.

The Grand Cfmyon. SenateDoc. No. 43, 65tliCoiigreee, Isteeadon.byThcmaa Fulton
Daweon,GovenunentPrintingOffice,Wa8hington,D.C.,lB17. 67pp. Price,10cenls.

Ad article glTlsg credit of first trSTersliig the Grand Canyon to lamee White, a Colorado gold pros-
Tertiary History of the Grand Canyon District, by Clarence E. Dutton. IT. S. Geol.

Surv. Mon. 2,264 pages, illustrations, and atlas. 1882. SIO.
The Shinumo Quadrangle, Grand Canyon District, Ariz., by L. F. Noble. U. S.
Geol. Surv. Bull. 549, 1914, 100 pc^ee, including 30 illustrations and a colored
geologic map. Price, 20 cents.

Describes the geoloer andsoenlc (eatureeof the Oiand Canyon In the western part ot the National Park.
Contains a detailed account of tha Algonkian strata exposed on Shlnomo Cre^.

A ReconnaisBance of the Arcbean Complex of the Granite Gorge, Grand Canyon,
Ariz., by L. F. Noble and J. Fred Hunter. U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 98-1,
1916. 20 pages, 3 illustrations.
Describes the rocks that ronn the walbof the Qracite Qorge !n the bottom ot the Canyon,

A Section of the Paleozoic Formations of the Grand Canyon at the Bass Trail, by L. F.
Noble. U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 131-B, 1922, 50 pagea, 15 illustrations.

Describes the Faleondc strata of the Orand Canyon in delsU and cODtalns diagrams show lug the strata
In profile as they appear in the nails.

BIBUOGRAPHY

Allen, E. F. "A Guide to the National Parke of America," Compiled and edited
by Edward Frank Allen. New York. McBride, Nast & Co., 1915, pp. 286,
"Pp. 218-248 on Grand Canyon.

Appleton, D., & Co. "Our Native Land; or Glances at American Scenery and
Placee, with Sketches ot Life and Adventure," With 336 illtiHtrationa. (No
author given.) New York. D. Appleton A Co., no date (copyrighted 1882),
pp. xvi, 615. Pp. 1-30 on "The Canyons of the Colorado."

Bell, WilHam A, "New Tracks in North America" (a journal of travel and adventure
whilst engaged in the survey for a southeni railroad to the Pacific Ocean during
1867-68, pp. 665). Scribner, Welford & Co., New York, 1870.

Berton, Francis, Membre Correspondent de la SociStS de G4agraphie de Geneve.
"Un Voyage sur le Colorado," San Francisco, 1878, pp. 64. Casa Grande, Tuma-
cacori, Grand Canyon,

Bicknell, P. C. "Guidebook of the Grand Canyon of Arizona." A volumeof inter-
esting facta and goerip. Pp. 97, Copyrighted by George IT. Young, 1902.

Bowles, Samuel. "Our New West." Pp, 524. Grand Canyon, pp, 500-503. Hart-
ford Publishing Co., Hartford, Conn., 1869.

CoTxklin, Enoch. "Picturesque Arizona." Pp.380. Grand Canyon chapter, pp. 322-335,
The Mining Record Printii^ Establishment, No. 61 Broadway, New York City, 1878.

Cobb, I. 8. "Roughing It De Luxe." By Irvin S. Cobb. Illustrated by John T.
McCutcheon. New York. Geo^e H, Doran Co. (copyr^hted 1914), pp. 219. Paper

Couee, ElKott, "On the Trail of a Spanish Pioneer." Translation of the Diary and
Itinerary of Francisco GtffCes. 2 vols. , F. P. Harper, New York.

Dartt)n,N.H. "A Reconnaissanceof Parts of Northweetem New Mexicoand Northern
Arizona." By N. H. Darton, IT. 8. Geological Survey Bulletin 436. Washington,
Government IMnting Office, 1910, pp. 88. Illuatrations, charts, m^M, bibliography.

44 GBAND CANYON NATIONAL PABS

Dart^, N. H. "Story of tko Grand Canyon oF Arizona." Pp. 81. Fubliahed by
Fred Harvey, I&IT. (A popular illustrabed account of ita rocks and tvigin.)

Davia, W. M. "An Excursion to the Giand Canyon of the Colorado." Pp. 107-196.
Harvard TJniv, Mub. Comp. Zool. Bull. 38, gool. ser., vol. 6, No. 4, 1901.

"The LesBOns of the Colorado C(myon." Pp. 345-364. American Geographi-
cal Soc. Bull. 6, vol. 41, 1909.

Tba Orst paper Is a toclmlcal, the second a popnlu ftoooamt of the groiiiciDal htstciry ol tlis Onnd
Canyon regloQ.
Dellenbaugh, Frederick S. "A Canyon Voyage." Pp.277. G. P. Putnam's Sons,
New York. Fully illustrated. (The narrative of the second Powell expedition
down tbB Green-Colorado BJvei from Wyoming and tbe explcmtionB on land in the
years 1871 and 1872.) Price, $3.50.

"Breaking the Wildemeaa." Pp. 360. G. P. Putnam'a Sons, New Yatk,

1905. Fully illustrated. Grand Canyon chapter, pp. 313.^7. Price, $3.50.

"The Romance of the Colorado River." Pp. 401. G. P. Putnam's Sons,

New York. Fully illustrated. (A complete account of the discovray and of the
exploratiooa from 1540 to the preeeut time, with particular reference to the two
voyages of Powell through the line of the great canyons.) Price, $3.50.

Dumbell, K. E. M. "Seeing the West. Suggestions for the Westbound TravellM."

By K. B. M. Dumbell. New York. Doubleday, Page & Co., 1920. Pp. xiv, 206.

Illustrations. Pp. 163-170 on Grand Canyon.
Bmmons, S. F. "Geological Guide-book for an Excursion to the Rocky Mountains."

Samuel Franklin Emmons, editor. From the Compte-Rendu of the Fifth Inter-
national CongrefflofGeolf^jsts. New York. John Wiley & Sons, 1894, pp. 253-487.

Plat«s and cute. Bibliography. Pp. 464-481 on Grand Canyon region.
Finck, H. T. "The Pacific Coaat Scenic Tour • • *." By Henry T. Einck,

New York. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1890, pp. xiv, 309, illustrated. Pp. 294-305

on Grand Canyon.
Freeman, L. R. "The Colorado River; Yesterday, To-day, and To-morrow." By

Lewis R. Freeman. New York. Dodd, Mead & Co., 1923, pp. lix, 451, illustrated.
Grey, Zane. "Tales of Lonely Trails." By Zane Grey. New York. Harper A

Bros. (1922), pp. 394, illustrated.
Hayden, F. V. "The Great West: Its Attractions and Resources * * *." By

Prof. L. V. Hayden, LL.D., Bloomington, 111. Chailes R. Brodix, 1880, pp. 528.

Woodcuts and maps. Pp. 62-66 on Grand Canyon.
TTiggitiH, C. A. "To California and Back." By C. A. Higgins. Illustrations by

J. T. McCutcheon. Chicago. Passenger Deputment, Santa Fe Route, 1893, pp.

152. Paper covers.

"TheTitanoiChaamiB— Grand Canyonof Arizona." By C. A. Hi^ins. (Con-
tains also "The Scientific Eiplorer," by J. W.Powell; " The Greateet Thing in the
World," by Charles F. Lummis; "Comments by Noted Americaus; Infonnation
for Tourists.") Pp. 40, map. Paper covers.

Holmes, Burton. Travelc^es. Vol. 6, The Yellowstone National Park, The Grand
Ctmyon of the Arizona, Moki Land. 336 pages, illustrated, 1908.

Hough, Emerson. "The President's Forest." Saturday Evening Post, January
14, 21, 1922.

Ives, J. C. "Report upon the Colorado River of the West," explored in 1857 and 1868
by Lieut. Joseph C. Ives, Corps of Top<^iaphical Engineers. Part I, General
Report (131 pp.); Part II, Hydrographic Report (14 pp.); Part III, Gecdogical
Report, by Dr. J. S. Newberry (154 pp.); Part IV, Botany, by Professors Gray,
Torrey, Thuiber, and Doctor Engelmann (30 pp.); Part V, Zoology, by Prof. S. F.
Baird (6 pp.); Appendices A, B, C, D <32 pp.). 36th Congress, 1st Beeaion, House
of Representatives, Executive Document No. 90. Washington. Govenmient Print-
ii^ Office, 1861. 2 maps, 1 profile, 8 panoramic views, 12 engravings, 7 Indian
portraits, 41 woodcuts.

James, George Wharton. "A Little Journey to Strange Places and Peoples." Fix
Home and School Intermediate and Upper Grades. Pp. 269, Grand Canyon dtap-
t«; On to Williams, pp. 238-260. Illustrated. A. Flanagan Co., Chicago, 1911.

GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PAHK 45

James, George Wharton, "Ariaona the WoDderlaod." Pp. 478. The Grand
Canyon, pp. 98-103. The Page Co., Boston, J917.

" In and Around the Grand Canyon." The Grand Canyon of the Colorado

River in Arizona. Little, Brown ft Co., Boston, 1900. 341 pp., illustrated.

" Our American Wonderlands. " Illustrated. Pp,290. Containing " The

Grand Canyon of Arizona," pp. l-IO; "The Canyon of Cataracts and the
Havaaupai Indiana," pp. 158-166. A. C. McClurg A Co., Chicago, 1915.

~ " The Grand Canyon of Arizona— How to See It." Pp. 265, Ulustrated.

Little, Brown 4 Co., Boston, 1910.
Jeffers, Le Roy. "The CaU of the Mountains," 282 pp., illustrated. Dodd,

Mead A Co. 1922. Grand Canyon Park on pp. 193-226.
Kane, F. J. "Hcturesque America, Its Parks and Playgrounds." 1926. 621

pp., illustrated. Published by Frederick Gumbrecht, Brooklyn, N, Y. Grand

Canyon on pp. 109-113, 119-126.
Kolb, £. L. "Through the Grand Canyon from Wyoming to Mexico," with a

foreword by Owen Wister; with 48 plates from photographs by the author and

his brother. The Macmillan Co., New York, 1914. 344 pp., illustrated, maps.

Price, $4.50.
Laut, Agnes C. "Through Our Unknown Southwest." Pp. 271. "Grand

Canyon and the Petrified Forest," pp. 137-152. Illustrated, McBride, Naet

ft Co., New York, 1913,
Lemmon, J, G. "Grand Canyon of the Colorado," by J. O. Lemmon. Overland

Monthly, vol. 411, pp. 244-256. September, 1888.
Lull, R. S. "Fossil Footprints from the Grand Canyon of the Colorado."

Pp. 337-346. Am. Jour. Sci,, vol, 45, May, 1918,

Describes foBsH tracks foaoi In the CocoDiDO saDdstODe on Henoit TnU,

Liimmis, C. F. "ATramp AcrosstheContinent." Pp.270. Grand Canyon cbapt«r
" The VeiBe of the Desert," pp. 244-254. Charles Scribnei's Sons, New York, 1892.

"Some Strange Comers o( Our Country" (The Wonderland of the Southweet)-

Pp. 270. Grand Canyon chapter, " The Grandest Gorge in the World," pp. 1-19.
IlluBtcated. The Century Co., New York, 1892.

Mitchell, Daniel Holmes. "God's Country." The Grand Canyon chapter, pp.

216-222. Illustrated. The Elbert Richardson Co,, Cincinnati, Ohio, IBIO.
Muii, John. "The Grand Canyon of the Colorado." Pp. 347-382, Steep Trails,

edited by Wm. Frederick Bad^. Houghton Miffiin Co., Boston and New York,

1918. lUustrated.
Munk, J. A., M. D. "Arizona Sketches." Chapter entitled "Canyon Echoes," pp,

130-150. Ulustrated, The Grafton Press, New York, 1905. Illustrated, pp. 230.

Price, $2, net.
Peixotto, Ernest. "Our Hispanic Southwest." Pp. 245. Illustratious by the

author. "The Grand Canyon, an Impression," pp. 129-136. Chajlea Scribner**

Sons, New York, 1916.
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History." Copyright 1916. Pp. 30. J. A. Alles Co,, printeia, Los Angeles.
Popham, William Lee, "Grand Canyon of Arizona Romance," description being

from author's observation. The World Supply Co., Louiaville, Ky., 1913. 94 pp.

Price, $1.
Powell, John Wesley. "Canyons of the Colorado." With many illuatzations. Pp.

396. Flood & Vincent, Meadville, Pa. The Chautauqua-Century Press, 1895.

"First Through the Grand Canyon" (being the record of the pioneer eipl»M*-

tion of the Colorado River in 1869-70, edited by Horace Kephart, New York).
Outing Publiehiog Co., 1915. 320pp. Price,fl. (OutingAdventureLibraryNo.4.)

Prudden, Mitchell, "On the Great American Plateau." Pp. 237 (WtoideringB
Among Canyons and Buttee in the Land of the Clifl-Dweller and the Indian of
To^y). lUustrated with photographs and with original drawings by Edward
Leaming. C. P. Putnam's Sons, New York and London, 1906, Grand Canyon
chapters, "Under the Spell of the Grand Canyon," pp. 36-71; "A Little Story
of World-Making," pp. 72-89.

46 GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK

Quimi, Vernon. "Beautiful America," 333 pp., iUustzated. Frederick A. SbAee
Co., New York City. Gnmd Qmyon Park on pp. 51-56, 254.

Rasacme, F. L. "Fre'Catnbmii Bedimenta knd Faults in the Gitmd CKoyon."
Pp. 667-669. Science, new ant., vol. 84, No. 864, 1911.
Dmitbea Uw Blight Angal twilt.

Robinson, Will H. "The Story of Arizona." Pp. 458, Grand Caayon chaptw,
"Scenic Arizona," pp. 367-378. The Berryhill Co., Phoenix, Ariz., 1919.

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a book of words from many pens about the Grand Canyon of the Coloisdo Rivet
in Arizona), pp. 150-161. Robert M. McBride A Co., New York.

SaundeiB, Cbariea Piancis. "Finding the Worth While in the Southwest." Pp.
231. Grand Canyon chapter, "TheGrandCanyonoftbeCoIotadoRivarinArizona,"
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Schmeckebier, L. F. "Catalogue and lades of the PublicatioM of the Hayden,
King, Powell, and Wheeler Surveys." By L. P. Schmeckebier, U. 8, Geobigical
Survey. Bulletin No. 222. Warfiington. Government Printing Office, 1904,
Pp. 208. Paper covers.

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Capt. L. Sitgreaves, Corps of Topographical Engineers. 32d Congrees, 2d ses-
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23 plates of landscapes, etc., 55 plates of mammals, birds, reptiles, fishes, plants.
Map. Jfop; Reconnaissance of the Zuni, Little Colorado, and Ccdorado Rivos,
made in 1861 • * •. By Capt. L. Sitgreavea, aseiEted by Lieut. J. G. Parke
and Mr. R. H. Kem. Drawn by R. H. Kera (4 plates and map missing).

Schuchert, Charles. "On the Carboniferoua of the Grand Canyon of Arizona" and
"The Cambrian of the Grand Canyon of Arizona." Pp. 347-369. Am. Jour. Sd.,
4th ser., vol. 45, May, 1918.

Tbew two papeiB give bh BCCooat of the orlgtn of tbe Faleoido strata uid the tonslli that the itnto

Smith, W. W. "The Grand Canyon of Arizona and the River That Made It, the
Colorado." Copyrighted 1913 by W. W. Smith, pp. 32.

Stanton, R. S. "Through the Gtand Canyon of the Colorado." By Robert Brew-
ster Stanton. Scribner's Magazine, Vol, VIII. Pp. 591-613. November, 1900.
Illustrated.

Steele, David M. "Going Abroad Overland." Pp. 197, 16 plates, 2 maps. Putnam's,
New York, 1917.

Thayer, W. M. "Marvels of the New West * • •." By TOlliam M. Thaya.
ninstrated with over 356 ei^ravings and maps. Norwich, Conn. The Henr;
Bill Publishing Co., 1887. Pp. isxvi, 715. Woodcuts. Pp. 34-69 tm Grand Can-
yon and vicinity. Mostly quoted from Dutton and Macomb.

Torrey, B. "Field Days in California." By Bradford Torrey. With illustratioita
from photographs. Boston and New York. Houghton Mjffijn Co., 1913. Pp. 236.
Pp. 204-231 on Grand Canyon.

Van Dyke, Henry. "The Grand Canyon and otter Poems." 78 pp. Charles
Scribner's Sons. 1914. Price, J1.35.

Van Dyke, J. C. "The Grand Canyon of the Colorado. Recurrent Studies in Impn«-
sions and Appearances." By Jdm C. Van Dyke. NowYork. Charles Scribner's
Sons, 1920. Pp. sii, 218. Illustrations, maps.

Warner, Charles Dudley. "Ourltaly." Two diapters on Grand Canyon, " The Hart
of the Desert," pp. 177-188; "On the Brink of the Grand Canyon— He Unique
Marvel of Nature," pp. 189-200. Harper A Bros., N«W York, 1891.

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OBAIID CANYON NATIONAL PA&E 47

Wheeler, G. M. "Report upon United States Oeographical Surveys Weet of tbe One
Huadiedth Meridian." In charge of Oapt. Geoige M. Wheeler, Corps of Engineers,
U. 8. Army. Vol. -I. Geographical Report. Washingtoa. GoTemment Printing
Office, 18S9. Pp. 7S0. 3S plates, 3 maps. Pp. 147-171 on Grand Canyon and Biver
'nipofl871. 9plateeonGnindCanyon. Maps: (1) Showing TOut«e of the land and
river parties engaged in exploring the Grand Canyon of the Colorado. 1871.

Whiting, Lillian. "The Land of Enchantment," with illustrations from photogiaphe.
Pp. 347, Little, Brown & Co., 1006. Dedicated to the unfading memory of Maj.
John Weeley Powell, the great explorer. (Giand Canyon chapter, " The Carnival of
the Gods," pp. 311-338.)

Winahip, G. P. "Finding the Ooloiado RivOT." By George Paricer Winahip. The
Land of Sunshine, vol. 12, pp. 269-280. April, 1900. Illuetiated.

Woods, G. E. "Personal Impressions of the Grand CanyoD of the Colorado River."
As seen throng nearly two thousand eyes, and written in the private visitors book
of the world-famous guide, Capt. John Hance, guide, story-teller, and pathfinder.
Collected and compiled by G. K. Woods. lUustratod, pp. 152. The Whitaker
& Ray Co., San Fiancisco, 1899.

Yard, R. S. "The Book of the National ^atks," with maps and illuBtrationa. Pp.
420. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1919. Grand Canyon chapter, "A Pageant
of Creation." Illustrated, pp. 328-351.

"The Top of the Continent." Grand Canyon chapter, "The Greatest Ditch

in the World.'' Pp. 213-244; illustrated. Charlee Scribner's Sons, New York, 1917.

OTHER NATIONAL PARKS

Rules and Segulatiom similar to this for natiooal parks listed
below may be obtained free of cbai^ by writing to the Director of
the National Park Service, Washington, D. C.
Crater Lake National Park. Rocky Mountain National Park.

Glacier National Park. Sequoia and General Grant National

Hawaii National Park. Parks.

Hot Springe National Park. Wind Cave National Park.

Lafayette National Park. Yellowstone National Park.

Lassen Volcanic National Park. Yosemite National Park.

Mesa Verde National Park. Zion National Park.

Mount Rainier National Park.

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AUTHORIZED RATES FOR PUBLIC UTILITIES

AH rates of the authorized public utilities are approved by the
GoTemment. Therefore complainta r^ardiDg overchargea should be
made to the superinteDdent. Employees of the hotels, camps, and
transportation lines are not Government employees, but discourteous
treatment by pubhc-utility employees should be reported to the park
administration.

THE SOUTH RIM

Hotels and PubUc CanqM

The following hotds, etc., are operated by Fred Harvey:
ElTovar

El Tovar Hotel is located at the railroad terminus, near the head
of Bright Angel Trail, at an elevation of 6,S66 feet above sea level, and
open aH the year. It is a long, low structure, built of native bowlders
and pine logs. There are 93 sleeping rooms, accommodating 175
guests. Forty-six of these rooms are connected with private batli.

There is a music room and rendezvous. In the main dining room
166 persons can be seated at one time.

Hot and cold water, steam heat, and electric light are supphed.
El Tovar aJso has a steam laundry.

Authorited raUi at El Tovar Hotel
American plan:

One pereoa In room without bath, per day _ _ $7. 00

One pereon In room with bath, per day-- _ $8. 00-9. 00-ia 00

Reduction of 50 cents per person for 2 in a room with double bed.
Meals only:

Breakfast 1.26

Luncheon ._ _. 1. 25

Dinner. _ _.._ 1. 60

Children, not transient, under 3 years, charge $1.50 per day for meals only.
No charge for rooms.

Children 3 to 7 years, $3 per day for meals and room without bath; $4 per day -
for room with bath.
Children S years and over, full rate.

£1 Tovar barbfr thop rates

Shave : $a25

Haircut:

Men fiO

Women-- _ - .76

Hair doge:

Hen - - .60

Women _ - 76

Men,plaJn_ .60

Men,oa - - - LOO

Women- LOO

Hairtonic - - $0.25 and ttW

Facial or head massage $0.50 and 0.76

OBAHP OANTOK NATIONAL PAEK 49

Blight Angel Cottages
Cozy lodgings in cott^es or tents are available at Bright Angel
Cottages, adjacent to El Tovar, The acconunodations are clean and
comfortable. Tliere are fotir cottages, open the year round, and
many tent-cabins for summer only. All of the cottages have steam
heat and electric light; one cottage also has baths. All tent-cabins
have electric light, but no heat or baths. About 350 people can be
accommodated here. Meals are furnished k la carte at the ca.i6.
Kitchen facilities are ample for quick h la carte service.
Aulhoriied rales at Bright Angd Cottages

Lodging only, per day, per person $1. 6b-$2. 00

Lodging only, per day, 2 peraons 2, 60- 3. 80

Children 3 to 7 years, half rate.
Children S years and over, full rate.

Hermit Cabins
On Tonto Plateau at the foot of Hermit Trail; consists of a central
dining room, loimge cottage, and 11 sleeping cottages; accommoda-
tions for 30 persons.

AtilJtorued Tottt at BawU Cabttu

American plan, per day, perperaon $5

Phantom Ranch

On the north side of the Colorado Biver near the mouth of Bright
Angel Creek; consists of well-built stone and tent-cottages frith mees
hall and rendezvous frith excellent accommodatious for 30 persons.

AiUlwmed Tale* at Phantom SantJi
American plan, per day, perperaon f6

REST HOUSES
The Lodcoot

The Lookout is a quaint observatory and rest house, built on the
edge of the rim near the head of Br^ht Angel Trail. It is equipped
with a lai^ binocular telescope in the tower, for observing the most
distant reaches of the canyon. Canyon photos are for sale. The
reception room has spacious windows, a fireplace, Kavajo riigs, and
easy chairs; it is electric-lighted aad steam heated.
Hennit's Rest

Where Hermit Rim Road ends and Hermit Trail begins is a unique
rest house, built into the hill, with a roofed-in porch and a parapet
wall. As the name implies, it is intended to provide rest and shelter
for parties who take the Rim Road drive, or the H^mit Trail trip.
Guests may sit at the tables outside or sheltered by the glass front
inside according to weath^, and enjoy refreshments in unusual
suiroimdings. Admission is hee to those who arrive in Harvey
transportation busses. The cha^e to others is 25 cents each. Oprai
9 a. m. to 12 noon; 1 p. m. to 6 p. m. ^ ,,,> .-.,v

50 OBAND CANYON NATIONAIi PABK

Hopi House

Opposite El ToTar is a reproduction of the dwellings of the Hopi
Indians and several Navajo hogaus.

In Hopi House are installed collections of Indian handiwbrk. Here
also live a small band of Hopis, who are among the more primitive of
our Indians.

The homes of ihe Hopis are on tlie edge of the Painted Desert,
perched on the crests of lofty mesas where they live as did their
forbears and ding to their high dwelling place. They are indus-
trious, thrifty, orderly, and mirthful. A round of ceremonies, each
terminating in the pageants called "dances," marks the different
seasons of the year. Subsisting almost whoUy by agriculture in an
arid region of uncertain crops, they find time between their labors
for light-hearted dance and song, and for elaborate ceremonials,
which are grotesque in the Katchina or masked dances, ideally poetic
in the flute dance, and intensely dramatic in the snake dance. In the
three and a half centuries of contact with the white race their manner
of life has not materially changed. The Indian tribes that roamed
over n^ountain and plain have become wards of the Goverment, but
the Pueblo Indian has absolutely maintaioed his individuality.

The Navajo women weave fine blankets and many of the men are
expert silvemniths, who fashion bracelets, rings, and other articles
from Mexican coin silver. The Navajo Indian Keservation — one of
the largest in the United States — ^borders Marble Canyon on the
east. They are a pastoral people, intelligent, and, like the Hopis,
self-supporting. They own large numbers of sheep, cattle, and
horses. The Navajos are tall, rather slender, and agUe. They have
been rightly called the Bedouins of the Desert. Nowhere are they
gathered into perman^t villages. Although "civilized," they still
cling to old customs and old religious forms. The medicine man, or
Shanian, has a lai^e following, if not a large per cent of cures. Their
dance ceremonies are weird in the extreme. The fire dance is a
spectacular 10-day ceremony, seldom witnessed by white men, and
occurring only once in seven years.

Supai Indians from Havasu Canyon frequently visit Grand Canyon
village.

PUBUC CAMP GROUNDS

No charge is made for use of camp grounds, firewood, water, ebc
Water is hauled to the canyon by rail, and campers are ui^ed to save
water in every way possible.

Verkamp's, on the rim, just east of the Hopi House, carries a
complete hne of canyon souvenirs and Indian handicraft. It makes
a specialty of Navajo rugs aD.d silverware, Chimayo blankets, and

:.,GoL>^lc

GKAHD CANTON NATIONAL PAEK 51

Indian baskets, and Cfu*ries post cards, folders, and photographs of
the canyon.

In this shop may also be seen one of the lai^iest and best paintings
of Grand Canyon as well as other work of the late Louis Aikin.
KOLB BROS.' STUDIO

Kolb Bros.' studio is at the head of Bright Angel Trail. The Eolb
Bros, give, each day, an interesting lecture, illustrated with motion
pictiires and slides, describing their boat trip through the canyons
of the Green and Colorado Bivers, Admissioo, 50 cents.

The exhibition above referred to illustrates Major Powell's original
exploration of the entire series of canyons on these rivers and should
not be confused with other excellent travel talks on the Grand
Canyon, which latter describe and iUustrate what can be seen by the
visitor in a stay of a week or so at the canyon.

Here, too, visitors may view the canyon through a telescope and
obtain rehable information. Photographic views and other pictures
representing their many years' exploration of the Grand Canyon
are for sale.

SIGHT-SEEING TRIPS BY ROAD

Regular Trips by AiilcmidtUe

The following trips are available every day in the year by auto-
mobile :
Trip No. 1.

Hermit's Rest. — Stopping en route at Sentinel, Hopi, Mohave,
and Pima Points, f^t trip starts at 9.30 a. m., returning to El
Tovar and Bright Angel about 12 noon. Second trip starts at 1.30
p. m., returning to El Tovar and Bright Angel about 4 p. m. Bate,
S3; children, 6 to 11, half rate; children under 6, no charge. This
rate includes use of facilities and hght refreshments at Hermit's Rest.
This drive is 16 miles round trip along the rim road.
Spedal Short Trips

There is aUo a sunset trip to Hopi or Mohave Points, leaving El
Tovar and Bright Angel Cottages about 6.30 and returning about
7.45. Minimum of four fares.

Hopi Point: El Tovar to Hopi Point, 2 miles west; rate, $1.

Mohave Point: 3 miles west; rate, $1.50.

Regular Suimner Trips by Automobile

The following trips are available through the summer season
(approximately from April 15 to November 15):
Teip No. 2.

Orand View. — Through forest of taU pines via Long Jim Canyon
and Thor's Hammer, 13 miles each way; time, about 3H hours.

ogle

62 GBAND CAirrON HATIONAL PASS.

Leave El Tovar and Bright Angel Cott^es 1.30 p. m. daily. Kates,
$4. From Qrand View may be seen that section of the canyon from
Bright Angel Creek to Marble Canyon, including the great bend of
the Colorado. On the east wall are Moran, Zuni, Papago, Pinal,
Lipan, Navajo (Desert View), and Comanche Points; and the mouth
of the Little Colorado RivOT. Still farther beyond is the Painted
Desert and Navajo Mountain — the latter plainly seen, though 120
miles away. The rim trail to Moran Point is interesting. Grand
View Trail enters the canyon near Grand View Point.
Teip No. 3.

Desert View. — Thirty miles each way via Long Jim Canyon, Thor's
Hammer, Grand View, Hull Tank, Trash Dam, Tanner Tank, Old
Aztec Ruin, lapan Point, and head of Tanner TraU. One round trip
a day leaving El Tovar and Bright Angel Cottages at 1.15 p. m.,
returning about 6 p. m. Bate, $8.

At this point there is a far outlook not only into the canyon above
the Granite Gorge, where the river valley widens, but also across the
Painted Desert, toward Hop! Land, and along the Desert Palisades
to the mouth of the Little Colorado. At sunset and sunrise it is a
glorious sight. For that reason one preferably should arrange to
stay overnight — a camping trip elsewhere referred to. One and one-
hfdf miles west of Desert View is Lipan Point, affording an excellent
view of this whole region.

New Sunmm Trips by Automoblk lo the Navajo and Hop! Indian Reservatiotis
vta the Navahopi Road

May 1 to October 31
Teip No. 4 — One day.

Automobiles leave EI Tovar and Blight Angel Cottages at 7.30
a. m. daily. Boute is via Desert View Boad to Trash Dam, thence
through theOocouino Basin to a point overlooking the canyon of the
Little Colorado. The road then follows the Little Colorado due east
and the first stop is made at a newly discovered petrified forest,
where some 30 or 40 trees, some larger than any living tree in Arizona,
may be seen. Next stop is at the Navajo Indian trading post at
Cameron. This is the western outpost of the Navajo Reservation
and is 75 miles from the nearest railroad. The Little Colorado River
is crossed at this point by way of the steel suspension bridge 660 feet
long, and the route follows the main road across the Painted Desert
to Tuba City, where the headquarters of the Navajo Indian agent
are located. Some 400 Indian children are seen at well-equipped
Government schools here. The Hopi village of Moenkopi is next
visited, where the visitor has a glimpse of Indian life almost untoudied
by white civilization. Return to Grand Canyon is over same route,
arriving at hotels between 7 and 8 p. m. same day. This trip provides

c;ooyic

qbjlsd canyon nauohaI/ pabk 53

a unique opportunity to visit the well-known but little seen Navajo
^ud Hopi Indian Reservations at a minimum of expense. Round
trip, 159 miles. Rates, $15 per passenger; lunch, $1.25 extra, except
for hotel guests. Minimum of four passengers required.
Teip No. 5 — Two days.

First day to Tuba City and Moenkopi as for trip No. 4, but return
to Flagstaff, Ariz., via San Francisco Peaks and Sunset Mountain.
Overnight at Flagstaff, visiting cliff dwellings in Walnut Canyon
next morning, thereafter returning to Grand Canyon via National
Old Trails H^hway and Maine Road through Tusayan National
Forest. Round trip, 250 miles, gives comprehensive idea of northern
Arizona mountain scenery. Rates, $25 per passenger; meals and
overnight accommodations at Flagstaff extra. Minimum of four
passengers required.

Combination lickets

Tickets combining trips Nos. 1 and 3 may be purchased for $9, a reduction of $2.

Tickets combining trips Nos, I, 3, and 4 may he purchased for $22, a reduction
o($4.

These two tickets will be BOld at the Grand Canyon only, from May 15 to
October 30 each year. Unless tickets are purchased the full rates for the three
drives mentioned will be charged.

Spedal Summer Trips by Auttnnoblle

These trips depend upon condition of roads and may be at times
discontinued. Lunch, $1.25 extra, except for hotel room guests.

Bass's Camp, 30 miles, and Havasupai Point, 1 mile beyond.
Rate, $10. Minimum of four fares.

Yavapai Point. — This drive extends 2 miles east of El Tovar.
Rate $1. Minimum of four fares.

AiUhorized rates for gpecial car stfesice

1, 2, or a

^^^

Bore

$12
16
32

$15
20
40

ReKular rate, $3.
Grand View drive

Regular rate, $4.

Regular rate, $8.

Ttiba City and Moenkopi — 1 day Special car requires purchase of a mini-
Regular rate, $15, mum of 5 seats, irrespective of num-
ber of passengers.
Tuba City, Moenkopi, and Flagstaff —

2 days Do.

Regular rate, $25.

R^ular car service on Tuba City, one-day, and the Flagstaff, two-
day trips, requires the purchase of four seats. A minimum of fonr

o^k

64 G&&ND CANTON KATIONAL PABK

people ia required in order to make the trip; in other worda, leas than
iour passengers will have to pay for four seats.

Should the demand for r^uiar-trip drives be bo heavy as to require
use of all autos available, special autos may be discontinued.
Cbaitaed Automobile Service

Six-passenger touring cars may be chartered for service within the
park or elsewhere on routes not covered by scheduled transportation
service at the rate of 30 cents per car-mile.
' Rates for Children

On all motor trips there is no charge for children under 6 years of age.

From the ages of 6 to 11 the charge is one-half fare.

All children over 11 years of ^e are charged full fare.
GARAGE SERVK^

There is at Grand Canyon a lai^e stone garage with ample facilities
for repairing and supplying automobiles. The rate for storage of
automobiles is 75 cents per day,

Ckarges

Garage storage $0. 75

Washing car 5, 00

Regular mechanical labor, per hour 1. 75

Welding, mechanic's time (material extra), per hour _ 2. 00

Electricallabor, per hour _ _ 2. 00

Lathe work, mechanic's time, per hour 2. 00

Charging battery 1. 50

Charging battery overnight 1. OO

Filling and testing battery 25

ROADSIDB WORK

Truck and driving mechanic going to car on road when no towing is done,
per mile _ , -. . 40

Round trip pl'is mechanical labor for time worked on car, per hour 1. 60

TOWING CABS

For truck and driver, per mile towed, going included, per mile 1. 00

When extra mechanic is required, hia time starts from the time he leaves
the garage until his return L 60

A tow-car order stands until canceled by party ordering same.

Time and a half to be charged for mechanical labor after 5 p. m. Rate,
per hour _ 2. 25

Overtime for driver of tru^k on tow job after 5 p. m,, per hour.. 75

BOND AT WORK

An extra rate will be chained for mechanical labor db Sundays. Sate,
per hour 2. fii

QAs AND on-
Current prices.

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QBA17D CANTOIT NATIONAL PA&E

TRAIL TRIPS

Note. — The Bright Angel Trtul is owned by Coconino County and a toll of
$1 is chained by the county for each saddle animal using this trail.

Bright Angd TraU. — The trail here is generally open the year
round. In midwinter it is liable to be closed for a day or two at the
top by snow, but such blockade is not frequent. The trail reaches
from the hotel 6)^ miles to the Colorado River, with a branch ter-
minating at the top of the granite wall immediately overlooking the
river. At this latter point the stream is 1,272 feet below, while El
Tovar Hotel on the rim is 3,15$ feet above. The trip is made on
muleback, accompanied by a guide.

Those wishing to reach tiie river leave the main trail at Indian Oar-
den and follow the downward course of Indian Garden and Pipe Creeks.

Starting time, 8.30 a. m. and 9.15 a. m. for the river trip, 6}^
miles; return to rim 5 p. m. Rate, *6 each person. Leave 10
a. m. for trip to plateau, 5 miles; rate, $5 each. For special trips
with less than three persons there is a party chaise of $5 extra for
guide. Lunch extra, except for El Tovar room guests. One dollar
of above rate is for toll on Bright Angel Trail, which is owned by
Coconino County.

It is nece^ary that visitors who walk down Bright Angel Trail
and desire that guide and mules be sent to meet them be chained
full price and special guide fee of $5. This is unavoidable, as the
mules and guides are not available for any other trip.

Two-day trip, Hermit J^U, siop'ping at Hermit Cahins overnight. —
Time, two days and one iiight. Hermit Road by auto. Down
Hermit Trail, stay overnight at Hermit Cabins; go to river at mouth
of Hennit Creek; return up Hermit Trail to rim; thence to El
Tovar over Hermit Rim Road. Trips leave El Tovar and Bright
Ai^el Cottages at 9.30 a, m. and return next afternoon. Rates,
118.25, all expense, each person, including guide, overnight accom-
modations, and meals en route and at Hermit Cabins. Private
guide, S5 per day extra.

Hermit- TorUo-Bright Angel Loop. — This trip takes two days and
one night. Hermit Rim Road to head Hermit Trail; down Hennit
Trail; stay overnight at Hennit Cabins; go to river foot of Jlermit
Creek; return along Tonto Trail to Indian Garden; thence up Bright
Angel Trail.

Start from El Tovar or Bright Angel Cottages at 9.30 a. m. and
return next afternoon. Round-trip charge is $23.25, all expense, for
each person; private guide is $5 a day extra; rate quoted includes
r^;ular guide, overnight accommodations, and meals en route. One
dollar of above chaise is for toll on Bright Angel Trail, which is
owned by Coconino County.

Two-day Phantom Ranch trip. — Over new Yaki Point section of
Kaibab Trail both ways, crossing Kaibab Suspension Bridge. All

56 Q&&ND CASYOS NATIONAL PiXlK

expense, J19 per pereon. If the party desires to return via Bright
Angel Trail, $1 extra per person is charged. This amount represents
toll collected by Coconino County for use of the Bright Angel Trail
by all mounted parties. Start is made from El Toyar Hotel and
Bright Angel Cottages at 9.30 a. m.

Three-day Biibon Falls trip. — ^Leave 9.30 a. m. Down Yald Point
section of Kaibab Trail, crossing the Colorado River by Kaibab
Suspension Bridge, and reaching Phantom Eanch early afternoon.
Overnight at Phantom Ranch. Following morning hy way of
Eaibah Trail in Bright Angel Canyon, 6 miles to Ribbon Falls,
beautiful clear waterfall in the form of a crystal ribbon shedding
its waters on a natural rock altar in the midst of a verdant amphi-
theater. Box lunch at falls and return to Phantom Ranch for
overnight. On third day the return to El Tovar completes a never-
to-be-foi^tten experience. The aU-expense rate for this trip is $29
per person. Parties desiring to return via Bright Angel Trail must
pay 11 extra per person. This amount represents toll collected by
Coconino County for use of the Bright Angel Trail by each mounted
person.

Four-day Hermit Cabins, Phantom Raiu^, Biihon FaUa trip,
returning via Yaki Point section Eaihah Trail. — First day, Hermit
Ejm Road to Hermit Trail by motor; down Hermit Trail by mule-
back to Hermit Creek Cabins. Second day, Tonto and Kaibab
Trails to Phantom Ranch. Third day, Ribbon Falls, returning to
Phantom Ranch. Fourth day, El Tovar Hotel and Bright Angel
Cott^es ovKT Yaki Point section Kaibab Trail. All-expense trip,
$47.25 per person. Leave El Tovar Hotd and Bright Angel Cot-
t^es 9.30 a. m.

Five-day trip across Gfrand Canyon to Kaibab National Forest on
Twrtk rim. — This combines an instructive and interesting excursion
across the whole width of the Grand Canyon, from rim to rim,
with a visit to the Kaibab National Forest. Tliis beautiful vii^in
forest is the home of thousands of deer and the haunt of the moun-
tain lion and the bobcat. Starting from the south rim, the round
trip is made in five days, including one day spent in the forested
section. The route is by the Yaki Point section of the Kaibab Trail,
across the Kaibab Suspension Bridge to Phantom Ranch; thence
along the Kaibab Trail and up Bright Angel Canyon to Wylie Way
Camp at Bright Angel Point on the north rim. On the return,
Ribbon Falls visited en route. For those who may wish to spend
some time in the Kaibab Forest, saddle stock and camping outfits
are available at Wyhe Way Camp. Approximate expense, except
personal accommodations at Wylie Way Camp, $61.25 per person
for the five-day trip. WyUe Way Camp, $6 per day extra. For
full particulars and advance reservations address Manager, Transpor-
tation Department, The Fred Harvey Co., Grand Canyon, Ariz.

QEAND CANTON NATIONAI. PABK 57

Those desiring to return from Phantom Ranch via Bright Angel
Trail are changed SI per person extra to cover toll collected by Coco-
nino County for use of Bright Angel TraQ.

Dripping Spring. — This trip is made on horse back all the way, via
Hermit Kim Road to the head of Hermit Trail, down Hermit Trail
to Dripping Spring, returning to El Tovar and Bright Angel through
the forest; starts at 8.30 a. m. Rate, $5 each for three or more
persons; for less than three persons, (5 estra for guide. Private
pitties of one or more persons, S5 extra for guide. Lunch extra.

Nom, — No toll b charged for use of any trail owned by the National Park
Service.

Saddle Horses

Recently many new bridle paths along the rim and through the
pines of Tusayan have been opened up, so that horseback riding now
is possible for all. The ftnimiila are well trained and dependable.
Saddle horses cost $5 a day, or S3 a half day. EngUsh, McCleUan,
Whitman, or western stodc saddles furnished es requested. Side-
saddles not provided. Rates quoted include, for parties of three or
more, the services of a guide. For parties of less than three who
desire a guide the rate is $5 a day, or S2.50 a half day. Horseback
trips over any of the trails into the canyon are only permitted when
accompanied by guide. This is necessary to avoid risk in meeting
trail parties and pack trains.

There are several interesting foot trails near Grand Canyon village.
Information as to these may be obtained at the superintendent's
office.

INDEPENDENT CAMPING TRIPS

Independent camping trips with pack and saddle animals are
organized, completely equipped, and placed in charge of experienced
guides.

For climatic reasons it is well to arrange so that camping trips

during the season from October to April are mainly confined to the

inner canyon. For the remainder of the year, i. e., April to October,

. they may be planned to include both the canyon itself and the rim

country.

The following rates are quoted for trips of 10 days or more; special
arrangements may be made for trips of less than 10 days:

Cost per da;

per person

IpetBon - $27.00

2 persons , — 17. 00

3 persons — 14.00

4 persons - - 13.00

SpereonB.-.. - 12. 00

epereons.'. l 11.00

7 persona or more 10. 00

Ratea include complete camping equipment, except provisiona.

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58 GRAND CANTOS' NATIONAL PAltK

Havasu Canyon and Havasupai vUlage. — This is the most popular
camping trip. The best tune to make it is from May to October.
A journey of about 50 miles; first by auto 35 mil^ across a timbered
plateau, then on horseback down Topocobya Trail along Topocobya
and HaYasu Canyons, to the home of the Havasupai Indians.

The home of this little band of 200 Indians is in Havasu Canyon, a
tributary of the Grand Canyon, deep down in the earth two-fifths of
a mile. The situation is romantic and the surroundings are beautified
by falls of water over precipices several hundred feet high, backed oy
grottos of stalactites and stalagmites. This water all comes from
springs that gush forth in surprising volume near the Havasupai
village.

The baskets made by the Havasupai women consist of the burden
basket, a shallow tray, and a water bottle of willow. Those made by
the older weavers are of fine mesh, with attractive designs, and bring
good prices. Havasupai means people of the blue water. Fadre
Garcee was the first white man to visit their canyon home. In early
days the Havasupais undoubtedly were c]jS dwellers. They built
nearly all the Grand Canyon trails, or rather their rude pathways
were the advance guard of the present trails. Their summer homee
resonble those of the Apaches. The winter homes afford more pro-
tection against the weather.

The rotmd trip from El Tovar is made in five days.

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THE NORTH RIM
Auto Slage Transportetlmi from Utah Points

The north rim of the Grand Canyon National Park is reached from
Cedar City, Utah, on the Union Pacific system, and from Marys^ale,
Utah, on the Denver & Rio Grande Weetem Kaih*oad, by automobiles
operated by the Utah & Grand Canyon Transportation Co., Cedar
City, Utah.

Special all-expense tours are offered combining visits to Zion Na-
tional Park, Pipe Spring National Monument, Cedar Breaks, and
Bryc© Canyon National Monument. These tours leave Cedar City
daily froin June 1 to October 15,

AUTHORIZED RATES
From Cedar City, Utah: •

Five-day tour of Zion N&tional F&rk, Pipe Springe National Monu-
ment, Grand Canyon National Park (north rim), Kubab Forest,
Kanab, Bryce Canyon National Monument, and Cedar BreakB;
fare for automobile transportation and 13 meals and 4 nights'

lodgings _ $86. 76

Five^ay tour of Cedar Breaks, Bryce Canyon National Monu-
ment, Kanab, Grand Canyon National Park (north rim), Kaibab
Forest, Pipe Spring National Monument, and Zion National Park;
fare for automobile transportation and 13 meals and 4 nights'

lodgings- 86.75

From Marysvale, Utah:

Two-day tour to Bryce Canyon operated for one or more full fares;

automobile fare only 20. 00

For going trip automobile may have to be sent from Bryce Canyon, and rea-
sonable notice must be given to the Utah Parks Co. lodge at Bryce Canyon.
Parties availing themselves of this tour may join other tours which are operated
from Bryce Canyon. The fare from Bryce Canyon to Grand Canyon and return
will be S55; from Bryce Canyon to Zion National Park and return via Cedar City
wm be $35.

Parties arriving at the south rim of the Grand Canyon National
Park via the Santa Fe hnes and desiring to cross from the south rim
to the north rim and then visit Kaibab Forest, Zion National Park,
and leave Cedar City via the Union Pacific s^tem or desiring to make
the trip in the opposite direction may arrange to do so. The cross-
canyon trip requires two days and is made by horseback. The
first night is spent at Phantom Ranch, in the bottom of the canyon,

' lUwrvottons tor theae trtpe must be made in sdvanoe with tlie Utah ic Grand CsiiTon TiauBpatatlDa
Co., Cedar Cltr, Utah.

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60 aRA.ND CANTON NATIONAL PABE

and the Wylie Way Camp on Bright Angel Point on the north rim
or El Tovar Hotel on the south rim is' reached the following after-
noon. The all-expense cost of the two days' cross-canyon trip is
approximately $30 per person, guide extra. The Utah & Grand
Canyon Transportation Co. must be notified in advance to meet
parties of a mi nir"ii»> of three at the north rim. Arrangements for
the cross-canyon trip should be made in advance.
From Cedar City, Utah:

Three-da}' tour of Grand Canyon National Park (nortli rim) via
Zion National Park, one-way tour; fare for automobile transpor-
tation and 6 meals and 2 nights' lodgings $49. 7fi

Three-day tour of Grand Canyon National Park (north rim) via
Bryce Canyon, one-way tour; fare for automobile transportation

and 6 meals and 2 nights' lodgings &4. GO

Children under 12 years of age, one-half fare. Forty pounds of baggi^e on

full-fare tickets; excess baggage will be charged for at rate of S cents per pound.

In connection with these automobile trips the foUo'wing side

trips are available for passengers coming to the north rim in the stages

of the Utah & Ch:and Canyon Transportation Co. :

De Motte Park (V. T. Park) to Point Sublime and return, per passenger $3. SO

Bright Asgel Camp to Far View or Point Imperial and return, per pas-
senger - - 3.00

Bright Angel Camp to Cape Royal and return, per passenger S. 00

Autos can only reach within 2H miles of Cape RoyaL In order for pas-
sengers to actually reach this point a walk of about 6 miles is necessary.
On all of the above side trips a minimum of four full fares is required.
Tickets for the first two side trips listed, if purchased at the same time, may
be sold for S6 for the two trips.

Special Auto Service

Arrangements also can be made with Harold Bowman, of Kraiab,
Utah, during the calendar year 1926 for special automobiles from
Marysvale, Utah, to Bryce Canyon, north rim of the Grand Ctmyon
National Park, and other scenic points and return to starting point
at following rates:

Special cars carrying four persons for 50 cents per mile and care
carrying six persons for 60 cents per mile, these cars to be operated
at the pleasure of the occupants as to distance traveled each day
and as to places visited, with the proviso that a minimum charge
will be made for 20 miles in any one day whether traveled or not.
Twenty-five pounds of free baggage will be allowed eadi person;
excess baggage will be charged for at the rate of 10 cents per pound.

Wj«e Way Camp

On the north rim at Bright Angel Point, situated in a shady grove

of pines, is a Wylie Way CMnp, consisting of a central dinin g tent,

assembly tent, and comfortable sleeping tents electrically lighted;

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GEAND CANYON NATIONAL PABK 61

everything is spotlessly clean. Camp is open from June 1 to
September 30, inclusive. There are accommodations for about 75
people.

Authorized rate at Wylie Way Camp, American plan, per person,
Der day, $6.

SADDLE-HORSE TBIFS

Arrangemente may be made at the Wyhe Way Camp for saddle-
horse trips to various points of interest on the north rim and in the
canyon. Time required and rates are as follows:

Side trips and rates therefor from Wylie Way Camp, Bright Angel
Point:

To Point Imperial, one-day trip.
To Point Sublime, two-day trip.
To Cape Royal, two-day trip.

Saddle horses for these trips or for special trips on the plateau, $3
each per day; mounted guide for north rim trips, (5 per day.

Down Bright Angel Trail to Colorado Kiver and cross-canyon
trips the rate is $6 per day for each horse.

Guide for river and cross-canyoD trips, S6 per day.

For all overnight trips from Wylie Way Camp on the north rim
one or more pack horses must accompany the party, the rates for
these being the same as for saddle horses.

Bedding and provisions for north rim trips, $2.50 per day for each
person.

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HE CANYON FROM NEAR EL TOVAR ON SOUTH RIM

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CONTENTS

General descriptton

A mlehty spectacle

The first view

Park Service Information bureau

Living at tlie Qrand Canyon

Free public camp ground

Seeing: it from the rim

Descending the canyon

The Hermit Trail

The Kaibab Trail

The Tonto Trail

The Havasu Canyon

Origio and geologic history of the Grand Canyon.,

History of the canyon

The canyon as a resort

The north rim of the canyon

Administration

How to reach the park

North rim — Grand Canyon National Park-
Road sign Information

Automobile supplies

Public atilities and conveniences, south rim..

Petrified Forest National Monimieot

Bules and regulations

Other national parks..

The north rim

Derivation of names used on Grand Canyon

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MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS

COVEK

View along the Touto Trail Front

£j1 Tovar Hotel from roof of Hopi Honse Iiudde froDt.

Village of Uoenlcopl Inside froot.

Petrified Forest National Monument, Arizona, a portion of the first

forest Inside back.

Root of petrified tree, 7 feet In diameter Inside hack.

The sonth lim, across the canyon from Bright Angel Point Back.

The north rim, across the canyon from El Tovar Back.

Fio. 1. Generalized columnar section, showing position and structural

relations of the rocks of the Grand Canyon National Park

Fw. 2. Generalized sections across Grand Canyon

Map of Grand Canyon National Park

Map showing principal automobile routes in Colorado, Utah, Arizona, and

New Mexico

Uap showing railroad rontes to Grand Canytm, Yellowstone, Rocky Moun-
tain, Mesa Vwde, and Zi<m National Parks

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' J

THE NATIONAL PARKS AT A GLANCE

[Number, 18; total am, 11,SM sqoaie nill«)

^„

Ares in
square
miles

--"■IS- -■

Middle Arkansas

"£,TgKfd,ri;^-^?s"&:

1872

Northwertem Wyo-
ming.

3,348

markable for f!Orgeous coloring— Laqu lakffi—

Middle eastern CaU-

e04

eegn^a tr«»i over 10 feet In dlameler, some 2G
raiKBa— StartUng precipices— Milelong ceve of

Middle eaMem CaU-
fomla.

1. 126

1B90

mantle vistas— Many watBrhlls of eitraor-
dinary belgbt— 3 crovra o[ big trees— High
Sierra— Watenrbeel Ealls— Qood trout fishing.

Created to preserve the celebrated Oeneral Grant
Tree, 38 feet in diameter— 8 miles from Sequoia

tornia.

Mount KalEter.—

weit central Wash-
ington.

S25

Lareeat aocesslble sli^ peek gteder system-SS
alpine wild flower fields.

Crater Lake

249

is&'s'sa-""— """"■

Southern Oklahoma..

Many aulphur and other springs possessing

leoa

numerous cHambeiB containing peculiar [or-

M938 Verde

"sri'ii^is^tsnrwffsa

1,SM

Rueged mountain region ot unsurpassed dpine
beauty-V?m5l ^ers-Pred^pto^^thU-

1910

BockyMouBlain...

North middle Colo-
rado.

378

to H.255 feel eititude-Eemarkable records of

242

1918

LAa»DVo1<«Dic....

Northern California...

124

Only active volcano in Cniled States proper—
Lassen Peak 10,480 feel- Cinder Cone 8,907
feet- Hot sprites— Mud geysers.

Mount McKinlBy__

Soutb oentrtl Alaska..

2,»46

Highest mounlsln In North Ameriis-Eisos

otber mountain in the world.

Grand Canyon

North central Arliooa.

The greatrat eiample ol erosion and the most
sublime spectacle In the world.

1918

BouthweaWtnUtab...

120

great beauty and soanic hiltgreEt.

.Google

The

National Parks Portfolio.

(FOURTH EDITION)

Bound

A proentation of the natioital
/k. paiks and nadonal immu-

Mcurely

In cloth

menta in picture. The election is

Onf> doUu

from the best work of many pKolog-

raphera. profewional and amateur.

h contains nine chapters descriptive

each of a national park, and one larger

chapter devoted to other parks and

310 illuslratiorw

) Sent poUpaitl, npon leceipt of price JD

Wuhlngton. D. C.

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GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The Qrand Canyon National Park was created by an act of Con-
gress, February 26, 1919, It is under the supervision of the National
Park Serrice of the Department of the Interior. Its final creation
came 33 years after Benjamin Harrison, then Senator from Indiana,
introduced the first of several bills to give it park status. Politics,
local apathy, and private interests, which sought to utilize its water
power and to find minerals in its depths, were the principal causes of
delay. All efforts failing to make it a national park, in 1908 Presi-
dent Boosevelt made it a national monument. Once a railroad was
surveyjed through it. A scenic railroad was projected along its
south rim. Less than a year before it became a park efforts were
making in New York to raise money to dam its waters for power
and irrigation.

The Grand Canyon National Park is in northern Arizona. Its
958 square miles inclose 56 miles of the Grand Canyon stretching
west of its beginning at the mouth of the Marble Canyon. Through
it winds the Colorado River for a distance of 103 miles. From rim
to rim that portion of the canyon within the park varies from 4 to 14
miles in width; it is more than a mile deep measured from the north
rim, which averages nearly a thousand feet higher than the south
rim. The eastern boundary includes the lofty painted walls east of
which lies the Painted Desert. Its western boundary includes the
broad Havasu Canyon, tributary from the south, in whose depths
we find the Havasupai Indian Reservation and a group of fine water-
falls markedly different from any in our other national parks.

The park boundaries hug the rim closely. Very little of the coun-
try back of the rim is included in the reservation, scarcely enough in
places to take care of the great increase of travel which national
parkhood will bring to the Grand Canyon during the next several
vears. These borderlands are wonderfully attractive. The north-
em rim is heavily forested with pine, fir, and spruce, interspersed
with beautiful glades of quaking aspen. The southern rim carries a
slender semiarid flowering vegetation of rich beauty and wide variety,
and south and east of the railroad station lies about 50 square miles
of fine yellow pine forest.

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QBAND CANTON NATIONAL PABK

A MIGHTY SPECTACLE

There is no doubt that the Grand Canyon is one of the world's
greatest spectacles. It is impossible to compare it with the tre-
mendous white spectacle of the Himalayas, or with the House of
Everlasting Fire of the Hawaii National Park, or with the 17,000
feet of snow and glacier which rise abruptly between the observers'
eyes and the summit of Mount McKinley, because it has nothing in
common with any of these. But of its own kind there is nothing
in the world which approaches it in form, size, and glowing color;
it is much the greatest example of stream erosion. And in its power
to rouse the emotion of the looker-on, to stupefy or to exiularate, it
has ne equal of any kind anywhere, unless it be the starry Snna-
ment itself.

Approaching by rail or road, the visitor comes upon it suddenly.
Pushing thro'ugh the woods from the motor camping ground, or
climbing the stairs from the railroad station, it is there at one's feet,
disclosed in the sublimity of its templed depths, in the bewildering
glory of its gorgeous coloring. There is no preparation of mind and
spirit. To some the revelation is a shock, no matter what the ex-
.pectation. The rim of the Grand Canyon is one of the stillest places
on earth, even when it is crowded with people.

To describe the Grand Canyon is as impossible as it is unnecessary.
Few natural spectacles have been so fully, pictured, few are so fa-
miliar even to the untraveled. Its motionless unreality is one of the-
first and most powerful impressions it makes. And yet the Grand
Canyon is really a motion picture. There is no moment that it does
not change. Always its shadows are insensibly altering, disap-
pearing here, appearing there; lengthening here, shortening there.
There is continual movement With every quarter hour its difference
may be measured.

An hour later all is wholly changed. The dark capes have retired
somewhat and now are brilliant-hued and thoroughly defined. The
temples of the dawn have become remodeled, and scores of others
have emerged from the purple gloom. The Granite Gtorge, now de-
tailed fully, displays waters which are plainly muddy even at this

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GEAKD CANTON NATIONAI, PABK 3

great distance. And now the opposite wall is seen to be convoluted,
possessing many headlands and intervening gulfs.

And so, from hour to hour, the spectacle develops. Midday, with
sun high behind the south rim, is the time of least charm, for the
opposite walls have flattened and the temples of the depths have
lost their defining shadows. But as afternoon progresses the spec-
tacles of the morning creep back, now reversed and strangely altered
in outline. It is a new Grand Canyon, the same but wonderfully
different.

And just after sunset the reds deepen to dim purples and the grays
and yellows and greens change to magical blues. In the dark of a
moonless night the canyon suggests unimaginable mysteries.

THE FIRST VIEW

From the railroad station the visitor ascends to El Tovar Hotel
and the view of the canyon at a very interesting point. Here is
where the temples loom up in contrast to the plateau at their feet;
the plateau still being 1,500 feet above the river. The view at EI
Tovar is restricted by the extension of Grandeur Point and Maricopa
Point on either side. These cut off the view of the great reaches of
the canyon east and west. El Tovar view is a framed picture of
limited size. It is better so; better for the newcomer to enter grad-
ually into the realization of the whole which will come when he walks
or rides out to the many points which push northward from the
south rim ; better also to return to after days spent on the rim or in
the canyon's depths.

The traveler who is unlucky enough to have no more time at his
disposal may, even in one day, see much of the Grand Canyon either
from the rim or by mule-back descent to the depths as preference
dictates. Probably the one-day visitor can see more by taking the
16-mile round-trip Hermit Rim Soad drive west in the forenoon and
the 60-mile round-trip drive east to Grand View and Desert View
in the afternoon than in any other way. Both the rim drives and the
descent into the canyon may be made in two days. Every day added
to the schedule will give the visitor further novel experiences and
glorious views, such as the Hermit Loop trip, the Phantom Ranch
trip, or to the north rim of the canyon, visiting Ribbon Falls and
Roaring Spring en route, or the long motor trip over the Navahopi
Road to Tuba City and Moenkopi.

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4 QBAND CANYON NATIONAL, PARK

When you go to the Grand Canyon leave the duration of your stay
open for decision when there. You will probably then remain from
five days to two weeks. Two weeks of fairly steady going will en-
able yon to see the Grand Canyon thoroughly without undertaking'
trips which are a hardship to persons unaccustomed to trail riding.

PARK SERVICE INFORMATION BUREAU

A collection of various geological and paleontological specimens of
the Grand Canyon is on exhibition, as well as charts of flowers and
birds.

A suitable reference library is being accumulated for the use of
visitors, and the Government maps and other publications may be
consulted or secured here.

Automobile arrivals are requested to register at this bureau, unless
previously registered at a checking station.

During the summer the park naturalist will conduct short trail
trips along the canyon rim, starting at 2 p. m. He will explain all
features relating to the natural history of the canyon. Full infor-
mation regarding these trips may be had at the Park Information
Office.

LIVING AT THE GRAND CANYON

Living is pleasant and comfortable. El Tovar Hotel offers
delightful conditions at rates reasonable in these times for its high-
class accommodations. Its porches are broad, its garden a collection
of interesting semiarid vegetation, its rim walks inspiring. There is
horseback riding through many miles of yellow-pine forest and out
to viewpoints on the rim, but there are no sports. There is neither
golf nor tennis.. The canyon absorbs the whole attention of its
visitors.

Adjoining the hotel there is a most comfortable annex of cottages
and tents and caf4; rates are lower than those charged at the main
hotel. There are comfortable cottages at Hermit Creek Cabins on
the Hermit Trail and at Phantom Ranch across the Colorado
River. The latter cottages are built of the native rock, with mess
hall, etc. Both these resorts are first class in every respect.

Wylie Way Camp at Bright Angel Point on the north rim pro-
vides comfortable accommodations for visitors. Camping trips
along the rim and down to the Havasupai Indian Reservation and
the waterfalls of Havasu Canyon can be arranged. It is possible to

GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PAEK 6

take your pack train across the river on the Kaibab Suspension
Bridge, stay overnight at Phantom Ranch, and ascend the most in-
teresting Kaibab Trail up Bright Ange! Canyon to the north rim.
This trip is a matter of several days and is correctly classed as a
summer jaunt.

FREE PUBLIC CAMP GROUND

From April to November the south rim is free from snow and the
free public camp ground near Grand Canyon Village is available to
campers. Motorists are urged to bring their own camp equipment
and make use of this camp. Sites will be allotted free of charge on
application to the office of the superintendent of the park. Fuel and
water are furnished free of charge. There is a garage in the village
where gasoline and oil can be procured. There is also a general store
where groceries can be purchased.

Housekeeping cottages are available on auto camp grounds at
reasonable rates. Autoists may rent blankets, linen, etc., in the event
they do not have such equipment of their own.

In the camp lodge complete delicatessen service may be had.
Newspapers, magazines, etc., are for sale. There is also a large rest
room for the convenience of campers and for shelter in inclement
weather. It is believed that the new camp ground which will be
open in early spring sets a new standard.

During the summer months a camp-fire lecture will be given by
the park naturalist at 8.00 p. m. each evening on the history and
formation of the canyon.

SEEING IT FROM THE RIM

East of the hotel are several points reached by motor roads which
afford fine views of the upper half of the Grand Canyon. The most
famous of these is Grand View, where still stands the first regular
hotel of the canyon, now private property, and not affording hotel
accommodations. The ea^rn terminus of the road is Desert View,
which offers a view up the Marble Canyon, and eastward over the
famous Painted Desert. West of the hotel the auto stages stop at
a succession of fine points, eatdi with its own individual view of the
mighty spectacle.

There is much to see also in the neighborhood of El Tovar.

The Yavapai footpath extends eastward along the rim to Grandeur
and Yavapai Points. This footpath is constructed of asphaltum
macadam and is so located as to give the best views of the canyon.

A recently completed footpath extends along the rim westward to
Powell Memorial. The views from this footpath are very inspiring.
aDCic— 27 2

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6 OEABD CANTON NATIONAI. l-ABX.

DESCB^a>ING the canyon

There are three practicable trails from the sonth rim to the river.
The one commonly used starts from El Tovar Hot«l and descends
the deep alcove between Grandeur and Maricopa Points. This is
the celebrated Bright Angel Trail.

The descent of this trail is made on mule back in parties led by
guides. It is a sad mistake for persons not in the soundest phy^cal
training to attempt it on foot, for the apparent distance as seen from
the rim is misleading, and the climb hack is most arduous at that
elevation. The south rim of the canyon at El Tovar is 6,866 feet
above sea level. Nearly every day one or more trampers, overcon-
fident of their endurance, find the way up too arduous and have toj
be assisted by guides and mules sent down for them from the rim.

The descent is an experience of great charm. The trail is well built;
and kept in good condition. The traveler passes in review all the^
strata which form the canyon walls; their close examination will be a^
source of pleasure. Just under the rim the trail passes through a fine:
forest of Douglas fir, and from this down to the sage desert of the*
green floor the traveler will also pass in review a series of vegetatiom
which represents scores or hundreds of miles of surface growths;.
There are two steep cliffs which the trail descends in series of short
hitches of zigzags, one of which, known as Jacob's Ladder, carries the*
trav^er down the famous Redwall hmestone, which is so distinct ai
scenic feature of the canyon from every rim view. But there need be
no alarm about these descents, for the zigzags, short and numerous
though they are, maintain always a uniformly safe grade. It may
affect the unaccustomed nervously to see his mule hang his head
over short abysses at the turns, but the traveler himself does not
hang over them, and the mule is sure-footed, stolid, and indifferent.
There is only one creature with less imagination than a mule, and
that is bis cousin, the burro.

Indian Grarden, which lies on the floor of the canyon on the Tonto
Plateau, is so named because Havasupai Indians once cultivated the
soil through which passes the stream which originates in springs below
the Redwall. It is called Garden Creek. The Indian Garden now
is a tangle of high lu^sh, principally willow, through which tit» trail
passes out upon the Tonto Plateau, and presently plunges down the
roc^ gorge which leads to the edge of the muddy Colorado.
THB HERMIT TRAIL

A much finer trail from every point of view than the Bright Angel
starts from Hermit's Rest, south of Pima Point, and descends the.
Hermit Canyon. It begins 8 miles west of El Tovar. This is a.
two days' journey, including a night spent in Hermit Cabins well.

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GRAND CANTON KATtOKAL PAEK 7

down in the canyon. It involves an experience worth many times
the aditional day which it requires.

The Hermit Canyon is one of extreme beauty; there is probably no
other which equals it in gorgeous coloring and the variety of its rock
forms. The grades on this trail are less than those on Bright Angel
Trail, and it is also more scenic. It is longer than the Bright Angel
Trail and leads out upon impressive points overlooking fascinating
views. About 1,000 feet under the rim, at a place known locally as
the White Zig Zags, may be seen an interesting series of prehistoric
animal tracks in the sandstone.

The descent of the Redwall limestone is a masterpiece of trail
building, and the only part of the Hermit Trail which gives an
impression of steepness; but this may readily be walked down by the
unaccustomed rider; its descent is-niot nerve racking. The night
at Hermit Cabins, imder a towering crimson gable, with colorful
Hermit Canyon on the south and Grand Canyon opening northward
over the green shale of the Tonto Platform, or "lower. plateau," is
as comfortable as it is fascinating. The trip to the river and back to
the camp is usually made the 6rst day.

Visitors to Hermit Cabins will find a band of antelope always in
evidence.

THE KAIBAB TRAIL

The cross-canyon trail is known as the Kaibab Trial, A new section
of this trail from Yaki Point on the south rim to the Tonto Trail at
the tip-off was built in the winter of 1924^25, It is built along a
spur jutting out into the canyon and is the most scenic trail leading
into the gorge. In the winter of 1925-26 the tip-off section was re-
located and built to modem standards. The trail has also been
rebuilt from Phantom Ranch to Hoaring Springs. The new trail
is the last word in trail construction and reduces time of travel to
Phantom Ranch by two hours. This summer the trail will be re-
located from Roaring Springs to the north rim in such a manner
that there will be a saving in distance of 6 miles; the grades will be
easier and the trail will be far more scenic and easier to maintain.

THE TONTO TRAIL

Too few visitors to Hermit Cabins combine the two trail trips
with a journey between them over thfe Tonto Plateau. The descent
is by the Hermit Trail with a night at its foot. The next morning
the journey is made on' mule back along the Tonto Plateau to the
Indian Gardens. This journey is extremely interesting. The side
Walla of the canyon and the numeroiis temples give one the sense of
being in the mountains instead of halfTray down the depths, of a

8 GBAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK

caDjon. From the Indian Gardens, after lunch by the stream side,
parties ascend Bright Angel Trail to El Tovar.

THE HAVASU CANYON

The Havasu Canyon, in the far western end of the national park, is
rarely visited. The trail begins at the end of a long desert road by
descending precipitously to a gorge through which the Havasupai
Indian Seservation is reached. There are less than 200 Indians on
the reservation. These live by farming the land irrigated from
Havasu Creek; corn is their principal product, but melons, figs, and
peaches are also produced. The reservation fills a broad amphi-
theater in the gorge, surrounded by lofty red sandstone cliffs of the
Supai formation. There are no hotels or camps, and the heat is
intense in summer. The Havasu Ci'eek water is strongly impregnated
with lime and unpalatable, though entirely wholesome. Neverthe-
less, the visit to the reservation is one of unusual character and charm
for those who do not object to a little hardship.

Below the reservation the canyon breaks into a series of waterfalls,
two of which are unusual in kind and beauty. These are the Havasu
Fall and the Mooney FaU. Both drop over lofty shelves, which are
plastered on back and sides by richly carved festoons of lime traver-
tine. Both the falls occur in deep gorges in the Bedwall limestone.
Bright green cottonwoods, cactus, and other desert vegetation en-
liven the scene, which is as different as imagination can well paint
from anything else in the Grand Canyon National Park.

In the spring, following the melting of the rim snows, there are
various waterfalls in the Grand Canyon itself, several of which last
for some months. These occur on the north side of the river, where
there is a greater supply of water, the south side being arid except
for brief periods following meltings and cloudburste. One of these
temporary north-side waterfalls in Clear Creek, which has been
visited by very few persons, is about 800 feet in height. With the
crossing of the river, which is now possible over the Kaibab Suspen-
sion Bridge, these and many other fascinating spectacles, now little
known, will become familiar sights to many. The destiny of the
Grand Canyon is to become one of the mt^ used national parks.

ORIGIN AND GEOLOGIC HISTORY OF THE GRAND CANYON >

' By L. F. Noble, geeloglBt, D. 8. Geological Buirer,

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OBAin> CAKTON NATIONAL PAKE 9

and, like most other river valleys, they have been formed by the
stream that occupies them; they are not, as some who are imfamiliar
with geologic processes have supposed, due to any violent or catas-
trophic breaking of the earth's crust. The Grand Canyon is perhaps
the world's most spectacular illustration of the accumulated results
of erosion— of the combined action of running water, rain, wind,
and the various atmospheric agencies that attack the rocks and
sculpture them into the forms that give character to a landscape.

A ^SCULIAB TTTE OF LANO SCULPTOBE

The scenery of the Grand Canyon is the supreme expression of a
type of land sculpture that is peculiar to the plateau country, a
type whose elements are cliffs and tabular forms — battes, mesas,
terraces, and plateaus. The high plateau into which the river has
cut its way is built up of layer upon layer of rock beds that lie
nearly level and that extend continuously over great distances.
These beds, as one may see in the walls of the canyon, consist of
sandstone, shale, and limestone, which have been grouped by geolo-
gists into the formations shown in the generalized columnar section
forming Figure 1. This figure presents a summary of the facts
relating to the character of the rocks exposed in the Grand Canyon
National Park and the thickness, attitude, order of accumulation,
and structural relations of the formations.'

ABCHIl'ECTUBAL FORMS DOHINAIIi THE CAIfXON

As the formations lie in orderly horizontal layers, like beds of
masonry, they have been carved into definite architectural forms,
which are everywhere nearly identical in profile thou^ varied and
irregular in plan, and as they vaiy in their resistance to erosion,
some being hard, some soft, every part of the canyon wall, every
pinnacle and butte, is characterized by its own steplike alternation
of cliff, slope, and shelf. Each resistant bed stands forth as a cliff,
and each weak bed is marked by a slope. Each shelf or platform is
made by the wasting back of a weak stratum that lies upon a resistant,
cliff-making stratum, and the greater the thickness of the weak
stratum the broader the shelf. The plateaus that border the canyon
are themselves simply great terraces developed on a resistant forma-
tion, the Kaibab limestone, from which overlying softer beds have
been washed away. As erosion goes on, parts of the canyon wall or

1 Tbe term " tonnstloD " 1b geoenill; applied to a groap at loek beds tbat are of about
tbe Hame ae^, ax shown by the foeallB tb^ cootaln, or that are conaldertd tocetbttr for
couTenleDCP In mappioK or descrlptloD. A formatton U Darned from tbe place wberp It
was flrst ituilled or from Bomf place or re«loii where It In weU eipoBe4 Tbe Kaibab
limestone, lor eiample. is so named becftuae it Is welt expoaed on the Salbab PlBteau.

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10 OBA»D CANYON RATIONAL PABX

plateau become separated by the widening of branch canyons or
ravines and stand as solitar; ouUiers capped by remnants of a hard
bed of rock. These remnants are the buttes and temples. The

great height of the plateau gives rapid fall to the streams that enter
the canyon jind enables them to cut powerfully and deeply and thus
to carve the rocks into forms that are fashioned on a gigantic scale-

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GEABD CAMYON NATIOHAli PAEK

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12 OEAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK

The erosion accomplished by these streams, though spasmodic, be^
cause the streams are maioly fed by spasmodic rainstorms in an arid
climate, is none the less effective. The slopes here are partly bare
of vegetation because the desert plants grow far apart, and the con~
centrated energy of a single torrential shower may therefore wreak
more havoc than would be caused by a season's rainfall on plant-
covered slopes in a humid region. It is this prevailing aridity that,
by retarding the growth of vegetation and the formation of soil,
keeps sharp and fresh profiles that in a moister region would soon be
dulled or obscured.

BBTnONS ACE088 THE CANTON

The three sections across the Grand Canyon shown in Figure 2
{A, B, C) illustrat* the intimate relation between the profile of the
wall and the character of the rocks. In A, where the rocks along
the river are the weak shales of the Algonkian Grand Canyon series,
the bottom of the canyon is a broad valley having gently sloping
sides. In B these weak stratified rocks are replaced by the hard
Archean crystalline rocks, and the river occupies a narrow gorge —
the Granite Gorge. As these hard crystalline rocks are not arranged
in beds and are all about equally resistant to erosion the walls of the
Granite Gorge have a steep, continuous slope, which presents, a
striking contrast to the steplike profile of the wall in the overlying
bedded Paleozoic rocks. In C the river occupies a narrow box-
^aped vertical-walled canyon in the hard Tapeats sandstone, the
basal formation of the horizontal Paleozoic beds.

In C the weak Hermit shale, in the upper wall of the canyon, is
thick and consequently wastes far back from the summit of the
underlying hard Supai sandstone, leaving a wide platform known as
the Esplanade. This platform, because of its great width and its
conspicuous red color, is the dominant feature of the canyon land-
scape in all the western part of the national park. But the Hermit
shale steadily gets thinner eastward in the canyon, as may be seen in
sections B and A, whereas the overlying cliff-making Coconino sand-
stone, which defends the retreat of the wall above the Esplanade,
gets steadily thicker in the same direction. The Esplanade thus
becomes a narrow bench in B and fades to an inconspicuous ledge
in A,

In B the weak Bright Angel shale has determined a similar plat-
form in the bottom of the canyon. This platform, known as the
Tonto platform, or the " lower plateau," is widest in the region about
and east of Bright Angel and. Hermit Trails, where it is a familiar
feature to tourists. It gets narrower westward as the overlying
Muav and iRedwall formations grow thicker and become firmer in
textiire.

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OEAND CANYON NATIONAL PAEE 13

This marvelous adjustment of external form to the inequalities of
rock structure and character affords to the geologist the strongest
evidence that the canyon is the work of erosion.

A UNIQUE REVELATION OF GEOLOGIC HI8T0RT

A large part of ancient geologic history is revealed more clearly in
the walls of the Grand Canyon than in any other place in the world.
The beds of rock seen in the canyon were all laid down in water as
layers of sand, mud, and limy ooze and in time were hardened into
rock by the great weight of the layers above them, the lime and silica
that they contained cementing their particles together. As rocks of
this kind are composed of sediment deposited in water the geologist
calls them sedimentary rocks, and as they are piled in beds or strata
ODe above another they are said to be stratiAed, and the beds are
caUed strata.

The horizontal strata seen in the walls of the canyon were formed
during the Paleozoic era (the era of " old life ") ; they represent the
oldest series of rocks that have yielded clearly identifiable traces of
life. Many of the strata contain the remains of marine animals and
were therefore evidently laid down on the bottom of the sea, although
the region now stands high above the present sea level. Others,
notably certain beds of red shale and sandstone in the Supai and
Hermit formations (see fig. 1 ) , appear to have been spread out as mud
and sand on low-lying land or on delta plains by shifting streams;
and one formation, the Coconino sandstone, is regarded by some
geologists as a sand-dune deposit. Nearly all the Paleozoic forma-
tions contain some traces of life — in the Kaibab and the Bedwall
limestones there are corals and many kinds of marine shells; in the
formations of the Tonto group, the remains of primitive shellfish,
worm trails, and impressions of seaweeds; in the Temple Butte lime-
stone, the remains of an ancient type of fish ; and in the Hermit
shale, impressions of long-extinct plants. Fossil tracks of small
animals, probably older forms of amphibia, occur in the Coconino
sandstone along the Hermit Trail. The aggregate thickness of the
Paleozoic rocks varies from place to place, but in the part of the
Orand Canyon that is included within the national park it averages
4,000 feet

BOCKS OLDER THAN THE PALEOZOIC

14 ghakd canyon nationai^ park

stratified, and show a crumpled banding, due to the arrangement of
their constituent minerals in parallel layers, an arrangement pro-
duced by heat, pressure, and recrjstallization. The Archean rocks
are mainly of the type known as gneiss and schist, but they include
granite in large masses and dikes that have been intruded while
molten into the gneiss and schist. The Archean rocks have been
named the Vishnu schist. They contain no traces of life.

The rocks of the younger of these two systems, the Aigonkian, are
intermediate in age between the Archean and the Paleozoic rocks and
occur here and there in the depths of the canyon in wedge-shaped
masses that lie between the Archean and the Paleozoic. They can
be easily distinguished by the casual observer in the region between
Grand View and the mouth of the Little C!olorado, where at least
12,000 feet of them remain. Small masses are exposed near the
mouth of Bright Angel Creek opposite EI Tovar, on Crystal Creek,
on Shinumo Creek, and along Colorado River west of Powell
Plateau. These rocks, like the Paleozoic, are stratified and do not
differ greatly in charact«r and appearance from some of the Paleozoic
strata, notably the red Supai and Hermit formations, but, unlike the
Paleozoic strata, they have been tilted from the horizontal position
in which they were originally deposited, so that they are inclined at
various angles. These Aigonkian rocks have been named the Grand
Canyon series. The few obscure fossils found in them are so poorly
preserved that they tell very little concerning the primitive life of
the period.

QBEAT ONCONFCffiHITEES

Each of these two great rock systems — the Archean and the Aigon-
kian — is separated from the one that overlies it by a nearly even
surface that cuts across or truncates all underlying beds or masses.
This truncation marks what is known to geologists as an uncon-
formity. Each unconformity means that the rocks below it were
worn down by streams or waves to a nearly level surface before the
material that formed the overlying rocks was deposited.

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OBAHD CANYON NATIONAL PARK 15

which are of Mesozoic age, and part of a still later system, the Ter-
tiary. These lat«r beds once extended across the entire region in
which the Grand Canyon lies, covering it to a thickness at leaat twice
as great as the canyon is deep, but nearly all of them have been worn
away by erosion. A few small masses of them still remain as buttes
on the Coconino Plateau south of the Grand Canyon. One of these,
Red Butte, lies 15 miles south of El Tovar. Another, Cedar Moun-
tain, lies 2 miles east of the rim of the Grand Canyon near Desert
View. Cedar Mountain is interesting because the formation that
caps it, the Shinarump conglomerate, contains logs of petrified wood.
The petrified forests of Arizona (Petrified Forest National Monu-
ment), which lies southeast of the Grand Canyon region, occur in a
formation that immediately overlies, the Shinarump conglomerate and
that is exposed over wide areas, but has been removed from Cedar
Mountain and Red Butte by erosion.

The rock record just described is laid bare in the Grand Canyon
and in the cliffs of southern Utah with the clearness of a diagram, so
that tiie sequence of geologic events in the region can be read from
it with ease and certainty. The unconformity that truncates the
Archean rocks means that an enormous thickness of overlying rock
had been removed from them before the Algonkian beds that now
lie ujKJn them were depcraited, and consequently that a vast region,
once high and mountainous, was reduced by erosion through long
ages to the level plain represented by the unconformity.

When the land had been worn down to a plain it sank and was
buried under at least 12,000 feet of mud and sand that now form
the Grand Canyon series of Algonkian age. After these beds had
thus accumulated they were uplifted, tilted, and broken into huge
blocks that must have formed high ranges of mountains. Then
followed a long period of erosion, during which the mountains were
worn down nearly to a plain. This plain is represented by the
unconformity that separates the eroded Archean and Algonkian
rocks from the overlying horizontal Paleozoic strata. Exposed
as it is for the entire length of the Granite Gorge and for many
miles upstream from the Granite Gorge, and visible everywhere
from the rim of the canyon, this unconformity is the most spec-
tacular known illustration of such a feature. It was not so even
a surface as the older unconformity, for some of the hard sand-
stones of the tilted Algonkian blocks long resisted erosion and stood
as low hills on the plain. A section of one of these hills is visible
in the canyon wall from El Tovar. It lies under Cheops Pyramid,
just west of the mouth of Bright Angel Creek, and it rises well above
the base of the Paleozoic beds, which were deposited around it.

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■ 16 QBAND CANYON NATlONiL PABK

SUBMERQENCE, DEPOSmON, OPUFT, AND EROSION

At the end of Algonkian time the land was again submerged, and
the horizontal Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and early Tertiary strata were
dowly deposited. The time consumed by the deposition of these
strata, whose aggregate thickness exceeds 15,000 feet, was long,
even in the geologic sense of the word "long," for it must be esti-
mated in millions rather than in thousands of years, spanning as
it does the countless ages during which life was evolved from the
primitive marine shellfish to the apelike predecessor of man. Yet
it was short in comparison with the time consumed by the succession
of events recorded before the Paleozoic strata were laid down, for
that earlier period was inconceivably long, certainly far longer
than all the time that has elapsed from the beginning of the Paleozoic
era to the present day.

In Tertiary time the region was again uplifted and a period of
erosion began. Streams cut channels into the surface of the land and
in time formed broad valleys, which thus continued to expand unto
at last most of the land stood but little above the level of the sea.
At the end of this period of erosion, which is sometimes called the
great denudation, most of the strata above the Paleozoic had been
removed from the Grand Canyon region ; their edges had been worn
back northward 50 miles to the border of Utah, and the surface
of the region had been reduced to a nearly even plain. The present
cour^ of the Colorado River must have been determined by a topog-
raphy different from that of to-day, for in most of the region that
lies within the national park, as one may see at El Tovar, the land
south of the canyon slopes directly away from its rim, so that the
canyon runs across instead of down a slope.

FOLDING AND FAULTINO

The uplifts of the region that raised the Paleozoic and Mesozoic
strata in Tertiary time were very different from those recorded be-
neath the unconformities in the canyon walls. The rocks were not
compressed and folded, like the Archean, nor were they broken into
tilted masses, like the Algonkian; instead, the whole region was lifted
bodily, the strata still preserving essentially the horizontal attitude
in which they were laid down. Yet the uplift was not equal over all
parts of the region. If, for example, we should cross the Kaibab
Plateau from east to west, say from House Rock Valley to Ryan, we
should find the limestone strata at ite western margin ending sud-
denly in a cliff and appearing again 1,500 feet below, on the surface
of the plateau on the west — ^the Kanab Plateau. Such a break, along
which the strata on one side have slipped past those on the other, is

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QBAND CANTON NAUONAL PABK 17

known as a fault. At the eastern margin of the plateau we should
find the strata bending suddenly downward in a great curve, return-
ing again as sharply to a horizontal attitude, and continuing east-
'ward as the surface of the Marble Platform. This t^pe of dislocation
is known as a flexure, or fold.

The uplifted Grand Canyon region is divided into great horizontal
plateau blocks like the Kaibah Plateau by dislocations of the type
just described, either folds or faults, that trend north and south ; and
the Grand Canyon crosses these plateaus from east to west. The
name of each plat«au has been given to the section of the canyon that
crosses it. Thus the section of the canyon that transects the Kaibab
Plateau is known as the Kaibab division. The Grand Canyon
National Park Includes all the Kaibab and part of tlie next western
division — ^the Kanab.

In addition to the great dislocations that separate the plateaus
there are numerous small faults and folds in the region, some of them
in the Grand Canyon. Many visitors who have noticed the faults
ask whether the canyon does not owe its origin or at least its course to
a fault, but although geologists have studied the canyon at many
places they have found no evidence of the existence of such a frac-
ture. If it existed it could not have escaped notice, so perfect are
the exposures of the beds in the rocky walls along the numerous
turns of the river. Nor do any considerable parts of the canyon
coincit^e with faults. On the other hand, it may be said that faults
have guided the course of many tributary gorges in the Grand Can-
yon, and even some parts of the course of the river, though not in the
way popularly supposed. Erosion, not dislocation, has been the
chief agent that determined the course of each gorge. Movement
along some of the faults, by crushing the adjacent rock, has formed
zones of weakness, which, under the searching action of erosion, have
become ravines or gorges. An example is the gorge of Garden Creek,
which is followed by the Bright Angel Trail in front of El Tovar.
The course of this gorge has been determined by a small fault, which
has shattered the great cliffs of the Coconino sandstone and Eedwall
limestone and has made possible the construction of the trail. The
strata have been displaced about 100 feet by the faults, those on the
west side having been relatively elevated.

THE WORK OF MAKING THE CANTON

During the last great uplift of the region, which may still be in
progress and which has raised the plateau to Its present height, the
land rose so gradually that the river remained in its original chan-
nel and kept cutting deeper and deeper. The canyon is thus deep
because the land Is high and because in this arid region the river,
fed by the rains and snows of the Rocky Mountains and armed with

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18 GEAND CANTON NATIONAI. PABE

great quantities of mud and sand and gravel, washed into it by Ua
tributaries, has lowered its bed faster than its tributaries could
lower the adjacent plateau. But, although the Colorado River has
thus dug the canyon, the various forms of rock sculpture seen in
the walls of the canyon have been determined by variations in the
behavior of the beds imder the attack of the agents of erosion. And
this erosion is still going on. The observer of to-day who stands in
awe on the brink of the canyon or who finds his way precariously
down the trails that lead to its depths should realize that the work
of making this mi^ty chasm is not yet finished. The various agents
that have modeled the canyon — ^the rushing torrent below and the
small streams that descend to join it, the int«rniitt«nt rain and
snow and frost, and those subtle yet effective chemical activities
that aid in the decay of the rocks, and, above all, the ever dominant
pull of gravity on all loose particles — all are stiU at work on this
wonderful piece of earth sculpture. In the Grand Canyon of to-day
we see the accumulated results of the action of powers that appar-
ently leave from year to year but slight traces of their action but
that, persisting in their work through uncomputed ages, have pro-
duced results of marvelous immensity.

HISTORY <»■ THE CANYON'

Don Lopez de Cardenas, of Coronado's expedition, discovered the
Grand Canyon in 1540, as a result of stories told by the. Hopi
(Moquis) Indians to Don Pedro de Tovar. The old records describe
a chasm wbickseemed to be more than S or 4 leagues across in an air
line — " que auia m/is de treso quairo leguas por el ayre.^

For a long period thereafter the Grand Canyon region and the
Colorado River remained practically unknown. It is next recorded
as having been seen by two Spanish priests in 1776; Padre Garccs
crossing eastward from the lower Colorado to the Hopi towns, who
halted, he says, " at the sight of the most profound caxones which
ever onward continue, and within these flows the Colorado," and
Padre Escalante, who, in searching for a place to cross from the
north after his failure to proceed westward from Santa Fe to Mon-
terey, finally found the old tJte ford, used by Indians for centuries,
near the foot of Glen Canyon (in latitude 37°), and by means of it
was able to reach Zuni. The ford then became known as El Vado
de los Padres — the Crossing of the Fathers — for long the only known
crossing of the Colorado in a distance of several hundred miles.

The first American to visit the region was James O. Pattie, accom-
panied by his father. They trapped beaver on the lower Colorado
m 1825 and 1826. In 1826, returning eastward, they traveled for
13 days, following, apparently, the Grand Canyon as well as they

' Pnmlslied by courtesy at Frederick S. Denenbaush.

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GEAND CANTON NATIONAL PAEK 19

could, but unable to reach the river at any point, tiU at last they
arrived at a place where the river " emerges from these horrid
mountains." This was the first extended trip on record of any
human being along the brink of the Grand Canyon.

The game year that the Patties went to the lower Colorado, 1825,
General Ashley, in pursuit of his fur-trading enterprise, attempted to
descend Green River from near the present crossing of the Union
Pacific Railway. They were forced after great hardship to give up
the effort in the Uinta Valley.

The famous American trapper and pioneer, Jedediah Smith,
crossed the river going west in the Mohave country in 1826 and
again in 1827. In this latter year the Patties returned to the lower
Colorado and trapped down the river from the mouth of the Gila
in dugouts, the first navigators of this portion since AJarcon, of the
Coronado expedition, came up in 1540. Quite unexpectedly they
made the acquaintance of the great bore at the mouth of the river,
where they were in waters that Lieutenant Hardy, of the British
Navy, had entered the year before.

Other trappers after beaver then followed into the region, and the
Government began sending out exploring parties. One of these
under Sitgreaves crossed the Colorado in 1851 about 150 miles above
Yuma, and three years later another under Whipple, surveying for
a railway along the thirty-fifth parallel, crossed a few miles above
the mouth of Bill Williams Fork.

When the California gold rush developed one trail of the Forty-
niners led down the Gila and across the Colorado at its mouth, and
now various activities on the lower river began. The first steamboat
was brought to the mouth of the Colorado and up it in 1852. It was
named the Uncle Sam.

Edward F. Beale, surveying a Grovemment wagon road^' crossed
and recrossed in 1857 and 1858, near the mouth of Bill Williams
Fork, and in 1858, January, the Government exploring expedition
under Lieutenant Ives proceeded from the mouth up the river in a
small stem-wheel iron steamer, the Explorer, as far as the foot of
Black Canyon, whence the ascent was continued in a small boat to
the mouth of the Vegas Wash. This was not tlie first steamer up,
however, as Captain Johnson, of a commercial navigation company,
had steamed up and passed with his steamboat clear through Black
Canyon to its head some days before, mainly to " get ahead " of Ives,
who had earlier displeased Johnson. Ives then proceeded overland
to the mouth of Diamond Creek and to the Hopi towns via Havasu
Canyon.

" It seems intended by nature," says Lieutenant Ives, after vainly
trying to reach the rim, "that the Colorado River, along the greater

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20 GBAND CAirrOK KATIONAL PARK

part of its lomly and majestic way, shall be forever unvisited aod
undisturbed."

This same year of 1858 saw the first recorded crossing of the Colo-
rado from the -north, by white men, since Escalante. This was ac-
complished by Jacob Hamblin, a well-known Mormon, a mission-
ary and Indian agent, from Utah to the Hopi towns. An Indian
guided him to the Ute ford (Crossing of the Fathers) and he used it
thereafter almost yearly. These Mormons for long years were the
only persons besides Navajos and Utes to cross the river anywhere.
The ford, known to few, was difficult and dangerous at all times and
impossible except at low water.

In 1862 Hamblin went around the Grand Canyon by the west end
to the Hopi towns and returned by the Crossing of the Fathers at the
east end, practically, as Marble Canyon begins a few miles below.
The next year he again went around by the west end to the Hopis,
visiting the "hermit" tribe, the Havasupais, in' their deep canyon
home, on the way, the first white man on record to do so after
Lieutenant Ives. The party returned to St George around the west
end of the Grand Canyon. Nobody, as yet, went to the rim and
there was no known crossing of the Grand Canyon itself anywhere
by white men.

Another attempt to descend Green River- from the California Trail
(near the presenf, Union Pacific Railway) was made in 1849, by
William Manly and party. They expected to find a shorter and
easier road to the California gold fields. After a hard time they
emerged into Uinta Valley, where they met the noted Ute chief
Wakar ("Walker"), who was good to them and urged them not to
try to go farther down the river.

In 1867 a man named James White was picked up from a raft near
Callville, below the mouth of the Virgin, in an exhausted condition,
and those who aided him immediately but erroneously assumed that
he had come down through the Grand Canyon, the result of an igno-
rance as great on their part as on that of White. He knew nothing
about the interior of the great canyon and mentioned that he had run
one big rapid, whereas he should have mentioned big rapids by the
dozen.

So nothing became definitely known about the mysterious interior
of the Grand Canyon or of the canyons of the Colorado River above
as far as the Uinta Valley on Green River until Maj. John Wesley
Powell, one-armed veteran of the Civil War, made his famous passage
of all the canyons. He started with nine men and four boats from
Green River City, Wyo. (on the Union Pacific Railway, then the only
railway across the continent), on May 24, 1869. One of the men
(Goodman) was disheartened and left the party in the Uinta Valley.

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GBAKD CANYON NATIONAL PABK 21

The temfjdng waterfalls and underground passages described by
trappers and Indians were not found, but the declivity was often
extremely great and continuous (as in Cataract Canyon, where it is
continuous for about 20 miles), producing violent cataracts, with
huge waves and a water velocity of over 20 miles an hour, frequently
studded with giant rocks.

The trip was one of incredible hardship and danger, led by the
major with his one left arm, the other having been loet at the Battle
of. Shiloh. The plunging rapids in the whole length of tiie journey
numbered several hundred to overcome the 6,000 feet difference in
altitude between Green River City and the sea. The boats were
often upset and the passage of many of the rapids was perilous to a
degree. Frequently the party would be forced to embark on long
foaming declivities without being able to discover what other, per-
haps greater, falls might lie around the precipitously walled bends in
front of them.

One of the boats, some of the scientific instruments, and a consider-
able amount of the food supply were lost in the Canyon of Lodore ;
and some that was rescued had to be left, as the remaining boats
were overloaded. For weeks the clothing of the adventurers was
never dry; and when they finally entered the mighty depths of the
Qrand Canyon itself, in August, there was little food remaining.

The sharpest rapids occur in the granite, and the first Granite
Gorge, running past the Powell Monument, contains the worst por-
tion of the whole river. When, therefore, another " Granite Gorge "
developed below Diamond Creek, the men, stalwart and full of nerve
though they were, having become somewhat demoralized by lack of
food and the tremendous strain, were disheartened. Three of them
consequently announced that they would go no further.

"At one time," says Powell in his report, " I almost concluded to
leave the river. But for years I have been contemplating this trip.
To leave the exploration unfinished, to say that there is a part of
the canyon which I can not explore, having already almost accom-
plished it, is more than I am willing to acknowledge, and I deter-
mine to go on. * * • For the last time they entreat us not to go
on, and tell us that it is madness to set out in this place." The same
appeal that Dunn made to Hawkins, the cook of the party, as Haw-
kins himself tells it.

Wilham R. Hawkins, writing of this in after years, says the three
men had " made up their minds to go, and Dunn said he hated to
aorao'— 27 — i

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22 GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PAEK

leave Hall and myself, as we had been together a long time, and that
we would perish in the river. [Note the fear of the river which had
developed in the minds of at least three.] While we were talking,
the major came up to me and laid his left arm [he had no right]
across my neck, tears running down his cheeks. By that time the
rest of the boys were present, and the major said to me: 'Bill, do
you really mean what you say ' [that he would stick to the major on
the river] ! I told him that I did, and he said that if he had one
man that would stay with him he would not abandon the river.
I just simply said that he did not know his party."

He certainly had reason, with three men about to desert, to believe
that others might. The other five were true, however, and it is only
just to say that one of the deserters would have stood true, also, had
it not been for his brother, who was determined to leave. They all
then drank coffee together. The boat party wen,t on, the deserters
climbed out on the north, each party thinking the other party doomed.
The deserters would have fared well enough and would have arrived
at the Mormon settlements had it not been that the Shewits Indians
on the plateau believed, or said later that they believed, that these
were miners who had committed depredations on a tribe to the south.
The men were therefore killed not far from Mount Dellenbaugh, and
their clothing, riSes, etc., appropriated.

The place on the river where they left the major is now known as
Separation !Rapid. Hie day after they departed Powell and "the
faithful five " reached the end of the great chasm without serious
mishap. The names of the three deserters have justly been omitted
from the roll of honor inscribed on the Powell Monument.

Powell's journal of this famous voyage is one of the most fascinat-
ing tales of adventure in literature. A large part of his meager notes
having been lost, Powell repeated the trip on a more extensive basis
in 1871 and 1872, obtaining then the data on which his report was
based. There is no account of this second vital expedition except in
A Canyon Voyage, by Frederick S. Dellenbaugh, a member of that
party. Afterwards Powell became director of the United States Geo-
logical Survey and of the Bureau of Ethnology, which he established.

THE CANYON AS A RESORT

The Grand Canyon is very much more than a wonder place or a
scientific museum on a titanic scale. It is a pleasure resort of the
first order. It may be visited any day in the year. The railroad
to the south rim is always running and the hotel always open.
When most other resorts are closed the Grand Canyon is easily
accessible.

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GBAlfD CAITYON NATIONAL, PARE 23

During the winter snow falls in the pine forest along the rim;
but, though the upper portions are snow-covered, the trails into
the canyon are open and safe, for more moderate weather prevails in
the canyon.

The weather in July and August is warm, but not hot on the rim ;
the altitude takes care of that. There are cool mornings, evenings,
and nights, no matter how warm it may be at midday.

Arizona is a land of sunshine; the air is dry and the winds are
light. While ^ring and fall are more attractive than midsummer or
midwinter, each season has its special charm. From December t«
March, snow is more or less abundant on the rim and a few hundred
feet down the trail. Camping-out parties must then confine them-
selves to the inner canyon, which is more comfortable than the rim
areas.

THE NORTH RIM OF THE CANYON

There is a remarkable difference between the north and south rims.
The north rim, a thousand feet higher, is a colder country, clothed
with thick, lusty forests of spruce, pine, fir, and quaking aspen, with
no suggestions of the desert. Springs are found here; and deer are
more plentiful than in any other area in the United States, as many
as 1,000 having been counted along the auto road in one evening. It
is a region soon to be used by hundreds of campers.

The views from the north rim are markedly different. One there
sees close at hand the vast temples which form the background of
the south rim view. One looks down upon them, and beyond them
at the distant canyon floor and its gaping gorge which hides the
river; and beyond these the south rim rises like a great streaked flat
wall, and beyond that again, miles away, the dim blue San Fran-
cisco Peaks. It is certainly a spectacle full of sublimity and charm.
There are those who, having seen both, consider it the greater. One
of these was Dutton, whose description of the view from Point Sub-
lime has become a classic. But there are many strenuous advocates
of the superiority of the south rim view, which displays close at hand
the detail of the mighty chasm of the Colorado, and views the monster
temples at parade, far enough away to see them in full perspective.

The trail trip to the north rim is now perfectly feasible by the com-
pletion of the Kaibab Suspension Bridge over the Colorado River
and the reconstruction of the Kaibab Trail up Bright Angel Canyon.
It is about 32 miles from Grand Canyon to the Wylie Way Camp on
Bright Angel Point, About 12 miles are made the first day, stopping
overnight at Phantom Ranch; the remaining 20 miles are covered
the second day.

Auto transportation and rates for reaching this side of the park
from the north are given on page 63.

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OBAND CANTON NATIONAL PABK

TABLES OF DISTANCES AND ALTITUDES
ROADS

Dtotmoetrom-

Ptoce

Qnnd
CBDyon

TraU

Jfllo

T.8

0.6
fi.S

4.9

'.2

Fat

fl,876

fl.8M
7iCKia

Road to Havuupal

TreU to Humlt Best

PoweU Memorial

By root or horaeback to Bermit R«t « Hwmlt
Memorial to Ma]. John Wesley Powdl, Sentl-

LooUng down from tba Qreat Mobave WaU.
Old [«3 to Hermit RaO.

Sl'S^-"":-

Fine view of canyon and river, with Hermit
Creek Csbliu vMble beDeetb.

Cut-ofl to Grand CBoyon.

Trail to NBtnra] Bridges.

?S!a,?fSA»c!SS'iSL—-

Orand CaDfon

Boad to YaTspai Point..

Motor croasliig

TibU to Yatj Point

MoqulTrall

BoweWell Boad

Trail to Sbosbooe Polat..
WiUlams itosd Junction .

Long Jim Canyon- _.

Long Jim tool cache

LoDg Jim Canyon, cast

To Grand view Point""

Grand View Hotel

QrsDd View Camp

Oiounda.
Hbdco nmcti

Park boundary

nassCaS road

Part boundary

lipeLD Point ^.--..

AdmlnlstratlTS beadqnarten o[ Grand Can-

Sn National Park,
r ol canyon aod river, Kalbeb Bnspan-
slon Bridge visible beneath.
Cattle guard in drilt lencs that endrtjee bnd-

quarters district.
Trail throuch forest. SonHtlmn esJled Cla-
pton Point.

Saddle-horse trail lo Grand View,

Old road to Bowe Well,

' ■" InspiratlDD Point, ' "

Locall;

Jly cs ,

__:k1ng statioD. Take right-band nwl b.

Maine. Williams, and FlassCaS.

typical surfoce canyon or wash.

cacbe toi tools used by langera in fl^tiiic

Nevejo Mountain, river, e._
Old stage hotel. Not in operation lor many

yean. Highest pi^ut on south rim.
Pubilo ramp grounds and ranger ataUon,

season May to October.
Old home ol Capt. John Hance, Bret aetUa on

rim ol Grand Canyon.
Grand View entrance to the park.
Old stage road from FlagstaS, Abandoned.
Desert View entrance to the park.
Locally called Linroln Point.
Navajo Point. Fine view of MarMe Canyon.

Fainted IJesert, Navajo Mountain, eto.

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GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PAEK 25

QBAND CANYON, ROWEB RANCH, TTJBA CITY, MOENEOPI, FLAOSTAFF

Distance from—

Canyon

city

UOa

sao

Ftd

Kwsr- ""*""""•"■

TO HILL TOP— HEAD OF HAVASU TRAIL VIA

ROWE WELL-S3.3 MILES

Distance from—

Grand
Canyon

Top

*"""■'

""""

a! 35
ftss

7,00
fl.BO

JT.«0
30.00

Utta

3o:»5

M.3a

23.30
30.70

10. SO

17.40
16. «0
13.9)

11. eo

K.40
K,CO
3.M

1,W

.SO

8,875
8,830

6,800

MMM, tM

■Sdiffli-iTssftriS

Trail to Ho'mlt Beat

6,ftK)

8,800

8,375
&310

8,235

Dripping SpHnga tool

Beach' mark. United
States Gecdoglcal Sui-

Ito^to Bk! Camp

Rest.
Trail to Dripping aprii^. Fine sising and
good trail, 3 mUes. Fire lools.

Road to HavasupirPoiDl.

BeDcb mark, UnJtVd'
atal«e OeidDglcal Sui-

8u^' drift fence __

5S!

8,061

Indian pasture.

Canyon.

33! 30
33.70

*,773

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APPROACH ROAD, t

GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK

Distance Iront—

AlUlude

PlBce

Oraiid
Caojon

Maine.
Aril.

Bamarki

UUu

63.10
GS.SO

is! 00

20.00

Fat

B.BW

Road to Yavapai Point..

Fine view oi ™iyoQ- Kalbab SospenslOD

CatUe-pioof wossiin thiougb drift lenoe.
SolUb entrance to Oruid^ Canyoo National
^.^ Ranger autton. All .irs stop and

stBttoa.

6.71B

8,782
6,898

g^;i.W^oSo^&SSfy' ""^"^

NORTH RIM QRAND

NATIONAL PARK TO ZION NATIONAL PARK— 170.9

Diaunce rrooi—

Altitude

Place

^rS'

Zion
Park

Remarks

Wylle Way Camp

North rim ranger station.

Canyon Nallanal Park.

too

4.20
14.40

29.20
42.40

99-90

125.40
1S6.90

ills

Mila

168. W

158.60
14g.50

14l! JO
128.80

■sss

102,80
81.00

7.00
4 .00

36' 00
M.60
28.50

8,100
8,150
8,900
8,500

Potnt, north rim of Grand Canyon.

National Park S^vice ranger staCloa. Head-
quarters tor nortb rim.

North entrance to Grand Caoycfti National

A typical park or meadov. Range erf mule.

tion Forest Service.

s;s .t^-se: awaaa

K-on»h

4,920

Canyon.
Moat southerly town In Utah. Good hotel.
Old Mormon tort. Spring (ormeriy came out

ol tbe solid rock Id l& stockade.

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OBAND CANYON NATIONAL PARE

DIMaiicerrom-

Ssi

Wllllama

MUa

.66

.90
6.60

e.90
laoo

08.00

Utla
M-OO

6131

«3.I0

S4.10
M.00
42.00

B.ao

Fttt

ffiiSSSSS"!

station.

stock tanks and sheep corral.

Small lake and junction wltb Spring Valley

TRAILS

!« TO NORTH RIM RANGER STATION VIA KAIBAB TBAIL-M MILE3

Distance from—

Altiluiie

Canyon

rim

'"°""

S.fiO
11.00

IS. 00

1(1.00
17.00

17.80

t9.m

21.00
22,00

24-00
26.00

30.00
32.00

3a CO

18.00
17.00

12 M

6.00
1.00

Feet^

National Park- Hotels, etc. , ^

Kaibab Suspenalon
Bridge.

2,600

a.6M
2,860

3,BM

sloso

6,325

8,160
8,260

BuUl by National Park Serrtee In 1921. Only
bridge across Colorado (or several hundSS

A deep canyon coming in from the west.

H«.,,„C„„.....

Beaver Creek.

Last crossing of Bright Ai^ Creek. Pill your
iSid'^tSi'ff "liotthrli.

'^^^'^C^u'

Nottb rim ranger station-
WyllB Way Camp

horse concessions.
Ranger headquarters on north rim. Register.
Information servloe.

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GBABD CANYOK NATIONAL PAKE

DtetoDotf&om-

Altitudt

Flan

o-si

as.'

Remuks

a, JO

4.30

t-TO
6.W
7.20
9.00

12." 30

ItSa
21.00

17. M

!:i

&D0
2.00

Feel

6,87B

3. 750

3,460
3.400
3^200

slow

IMO

National Park, Hotels, post offla, «tc

Tonto Trail

Creek. FormM borne of Indtans.
Rljbt-band lork to CDloroda River lud Camp

SrAt:::::::

Colonulo Rl»«, loot

Distance ftom-

Altitude

Flun

Orand

Bs:

6.00
0,00

12.00

7.00
6. TO

0.00
0-60

Fe<t

S,B7fi

6,«es

8,875
41660

NaOonal Part

Rock where Marshal FcKh sat Cor half boui or
more smoUnc bis rape December, 1021.

ass.«ssxr"»"'-'™''

SHORT WALKS NEAR GRAND CANYON

„„

Distance and
direction firom

By-

Remaiks

Qrand Csuj'on
Rim Trail and
foot trail.

lUm toot trail

BrigMAnJelTrk.

Fat
9,888

8,860

8,870

7,000
6,807

B,8S0
7,060

Kolb Bros, atudto

Studio. Orand Canyon
roovins picture lecture
dany ol voyage tbrooib

SSfUASi,,^

view ol San Frandsce

Rw^lWlf^fcomBrlSil
Fine week otgood water.

amtoot'SS!''

"s.^'i.fSrA'^

3.0 southwest....

RowB Well Road..

8,881

GBAJSD CANYON NATIONAL PARK. 29

HOW LONG TO STAY

Time regmred. — ^While one ought to remain a week or two, s stop-
over of three or four days from the transcontinental trip will be quite
satisfactory. The Hermit Loop overnight trip, down one trail and
up another, requires two da^ and a night, or more time may be
taken and include Phantom Ranch. One day should be devoted to
an auto ride along the Hermit Rim Road, and by auto to Grand
View and Desert View. Another day go down Bright Angel Trail
and back. A fourth day spent in short walks to near-by points or on
horseback will enable visitors to get more intimate views.

The several trips mentioned above are all well worth while, and the
high plateau above the rim affords many delightful horseback or
>>i1fitig trips.

The north rim offers the best opportunity for camping out during
the summer months. The high altitude makes the weather uui-
formly cool, while the magnificent forest through which roam thou-
sands of deer creates a delightful setting. There are a number of
springs, and the water supply is not a serious problem.

The National Park Service of the Department of the Interior
recommends to the traveling public that stopovers of as long dura-
tion as practicable be planned at points within the park ; that Grand
Canyon National Park be regarded not alone as a region which may
be glimpsed on a hurried trip but also as a vacation playground for
rest and recreation.

\VHATTO WEAR

If much tramping is done, stout, thick, hobnailed shoes should be
provided. Ladies will find that short walking skirts, knickers, or
riding breeches are a convenience ; riding trousers are preferable, but
not essential, lor the horseback journey down the zigzag trails.
Traveling caps and (in summer) broad-brimmed straw hats are
useful adjuncts. Otherwise ordinary clothing will suffice. Riding
trousers, divided skirts, and straw hats may be rented at El Tovar
HoteL

ADMINISTRATION

Grand Canyon National Park is under the jurisdiction of the
Director, National Park Service, Department of the Interior, Wash-
ington, D. C. The park superintendent. Miner R. Tillotson, is located
at Grand Canyon, Ariz,, and information, maps, and pamphlets
may be obtained at the office, where visitors are cordially welcomed.
The office of the superintendent is 100 yards east of the Grand
Canyon Railway station.

The park, El Tovar Hotel, the Bright Angel cottages, and the

cabins at Hermit Creek and Phantom Ranch at the mouth of Bright

39610°— 27 5

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CTAND OAmrON NATIONAL FAKE

Angel Creek are alwaj^ open. Accommodations may be had at
Wjlie Way Camp on the north rim during the summer months only.

MAP SHOWINQ PRINCIPAL AUTOMOBILE ROUTES

HOW TO REACH THE PARK

The Grand Cayon National Park is directly reached by a branch
line of the Atchison. Topeka & Sana Fe Railway extending 64 miles

c;ooyic

OBAND CANYON NATIONAL PASK 31

northward from Williams, Ariz. On certain trains through standard
Pullman cars are operated to and from Grand Canyon station. Pas-
sengers using other trains and stopping over at Williams will find
exellent accommodations at the Fray Marcos, station hotel.

Stop-overs, not to exceed 10 days, are granted at Williams on all
classes of railroad tickets for a visit to the canyon. Limits of through
railroad tickets will be extended if necessary by agent at Grand
Canyon. Through tickets may include side-trip coupons, WiUiaiifis
to Grand Canyon and return, at an additional charge of $9.12.

Round-trip excursion tickets at reduced fares are on sale daily at
practically all stations in the United States and Canada to Grand
Canyon as a destination.

Baggage may be checked through to Grand Canyon station, if
required. Passengers making brief side trips to Grand Canyon may
check baggage to Williams only or through to destination. Certain
regulations for free storage of baggage for Grand Canyon passengers
are in effect.

For further information regarding railroad fares, service, etc,
apply to railroad ticket agents, or address :

W. J. Black, passenger traffic manager, Atchison, Topeka &

Santa Fe Railway system, Chicago, 111.
J. B. Duffy, general passenger agent, Atchison, Topeka &
Santa Fe Railway system. Coast Lines, Los Angeles, Calif.

The Union Pacific delivers tourists for the north rim at Cedar
City, Utah, and the Denver & Rio Grande Western, at Marys-
vale. The former is approximately 175 miles from the Grand Can-
yon, and the latter approximately 217 miles. Regular stage service
is maintained from both these points to the Grand Canyon National
Park.

Complete information concerning these trips can be had from:
W. S. Badger, passenger traffic manager, Union Pacific

system, Omaha, Nebr.
F. A, Wadleigh, passenger traffic manager, Denver & Rio
Grande Western, Denver, Colo.

Parties making the trip from either of these places to the canyon
can make an interesting trip covering Bryce Canyon, Cedar Breaks,
and Zion National Park.

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32 OBAIfD CAKYOK KATIOKAL PABK

BY AUTOMOBILE

Automobile tourists may leave the National Old Trails Highway,
which is the main east and west highway through Arizona, at Maine
or Williams. In wet weather, the latter road is better.

Flagstaif. — It is 98 miles from Flagstaff to Grand Canyon via
Williams and 84 miles via Maine. At times in early spring, during
summer rains, or late fall it is advisable to inquire at Flagstaff or
Williams as to road conditions. The Maine Boad traverses more
beautiful forests and is more scenic than the Williams Road, but is
apt to be in worse condition, depending upon the anfiount of moisture
that has fallen. The town of Flagstaff is located in the heart of the
San Francisco uplift and has good stores and garage facilities. In
this vicinity are prehistoric cliff dwellings, extinct craters, volcanic
cones, lava beds, and ice caves. The summit of Humphreys Peak,
one of the peaks forming .the San Francisco Mountains, is 12,750
feet above sea level.

WSlimrm. — Williams, 64 miles from Grand Canyon, is 34 miles
west of Flagstaff and 15 miles west of Maine, on the main east and
west highway through Arizona. It is the nearest shopping center,
and its stores and garages carry a good stock of everything necessary
to the automobile tourist. Williams is a center for a number of in-
teresting side trips.

The route from Williams passes Bill Williams Mountain (eleva-
tion 9,264 feet, which has seven distinct crests), Red Lake, Howard
Lake, and Anita, running along the line of the Grand Canyon Rail-
way. No supplies can be purchased between Williams or Maine
and Grand Canyon, except at a point 10 miles south of Grand
Canyon.

NORTH RIM— GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK

Autoists who desire to travel good roads only in Tiriving from the
south rim to the north rim must take a long detour through Cali-
fornia, Nevada, Utah, and Arizona, or if Uie trip is made in the
other direction must detour through New Mexico, Colorado, Utah,
and back into Arizona. There is a poor road via Lee's Ferry which
reduces the distance to 238 miles. None but experienced drivers
over bad roads should attempt this trip. Those who undertake it
must cany a reserve supply of gasoline and oil.

ROAD SIGN INFt«MAT10N

As fast as the funds are available for that purpose the National
Park Service is having standard signs placed along the roads and
trails of this park for the information and guidance of the motorists
and other visitors that use the park roads and trails.

, Google

QBAKD CANYON NAIIONAI. PABK

These eigne, in general, consist of information eigne, direction
signs, elevation signs, and name signs, all of which are of rectangular

shape and mounted horizontally; and milepost signs, rectangular
in shape but mounted diagonally, all of which usually have dark-
green background and white letters or vice versa; and danger or

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84 GBAND CANTON NATIONAL PARK ; —

cautionary signs, most of which are circular in shape and usuall
have red background and white letters; and comfort station, lav^
torj, and similar signs, triangular in shape, having dark-green bad
ground and white letters. These last signs are so mounted that whi
pointing down they designate ladies' accommodations and whd
pointing upward they designate men's accommodations.

The text on the standard road sign is in sufficiently large type t^ .

ordinarily permit their being read by a motorist when trayeling at ■ 1

Buiteble speed; however, as an additional safeguard, the motorijf
must always immediately slow down or stop or otherwise fuln
comply with the injunctions shown on the circular red cautionarj
signs.

Because of lack of funds, it has not been possible to place caution'
ary signs at all hazardous places in the roads ; therefore, the motorist
must always have his car under full control, keep to the right, and-l
sound horn when on curves that are blind, and not exceed the speed a
limit, which is 25 miles per hour on straight, fairly level road and I
12 miles per hour on curves, narrow, or steep descending sections of 1
road.

AUTOMOBILE SUPPLIES

At Grand Canyon village is an excellent garage under the manage- ■. .
ment of Fred Harvey. Storage or repair service, as well as gasoline r
and oil, may be procured here. f i

GROCERIES

The Babbitt Bros. Trading Co.'s general store at Grand Canyon
carries a full line of groceries and campers' supplies.

WATER ~'

A. supply of water for drinking purposes and for radiation, suffi-
cient to last to Grand Canyon, should be brought from Williams or
Flagstaff. Campers may obtain water on the camp ground at Grand
Canyon free of charge.

PUBLIC UTlLmES AND CONVENIENCES, SOUTH RIM I

POST opncE

The post office (third class), wMch does all kinds of postal business,
is situated near the Hermit Bim Boad, about 400 yards west of the
railroad depot. It is open &om 8 a. m. to 6 p. m. Mail trains arrive
at 6.20 a. m. and 6.30 p. m. and leave at 12.45 p. m. and 8 p. m.

TELEGRAPH

The Western Union offices at the railroad depot are open from
7.30 a. m. to 8 p. m. and at El Tovar Hotel from 8 a. m. to 12 m.
and from 4 p. m. to 8 p. m.

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idb,Google

GBAITD CAKTON NATIONAL PAEK 35

Theie is telephone connections between El Tovar Hotel, National
Park SerrioB office, ranger stations, Hermit Cabins, Phantom Banch,
Havasupai Indian Reservation, Desert View, and the north rim.
There is also telephone connection to points outside the park.

Every evening at 8 o'clo^ a lecture, illustrated with moving
pictures and slides, id giveoi on Grand Canyon National Park and
the surrounding country. Admission to this lecture, which is given
in the music room at El Tovar Hotel, is free, and all visit<»s to the
park are invited to attend.

NA-nONAL PARK SERVICE STATIONS

There are ranger stations or cuups where assistance and shelter
may in emergency be obtained at places here named. These may be
unoccupied, and it is well to inquire at the office of the superin-
tend^it.

Hermit Basin, Pipe Creek on Tonto Trail 2 miles east of Indian
Garden, Grand View Public Camp, Bowe Well, Pasture Wash, and
Xavahopi Junction ranger stations, the ranger station on the north
rim, and Grand Canyon.

MEDICAL SERVICE

There is a doctor of long experience in the park and a trained
nurse at El Tovar Hotel. The nearest bo^ital is at Williams, Ariz.
There is a hospital at Flagstaff, Ariz.

PETRinED FOREST NATIONAL MONUMENT

Tourists visiting Grand Canyon National Park ei^er by rail or by
automobile should plan a stop-over at the Petrified Forest National
Monument

There are three groups of petrified trees in this reservation. The
first forest lies 6 miles south of Adamana, Ariz,, a station on the
main Une of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Eailway, and the
second forest is 2^ miles south of it The third or Rainbow Forest
lies 13 miles south of Adamana and 18 miles southeast of Holbrook,
Ariz. It is best to approach the third forest from -Holbrook ; the
other two are best reached from Adamana.

This area is of great interest because of the abundance of petrified
coniferous trees which lie scattered about in great profusion. None
ie standing as in the Yellowstone National Park. These trees
probaUy at one time grew beside an inland sea ; after falling they
beeame water-logged and during the decomposition the cell struc-
ture was entirely replaced by silica derived from sandstone in the

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36 G&dUm CANYON NATIONAIj PABE

surrounding land. Over a greater part of the entire area trees are
scattered in all conceivable poaitions and in fragments of all sizes.

In the first forest may be seen the well-known natural bridge,
consisting of a large petrified tree trunk 60 feet long spanning a can-
yon 45 feet wide, and forming a foot bridge over which anyone may
easily pass. The trunks in the Rainbow Forest are larger than else-
where, more numerous, and less broken. Several hundred entire
trees are found here, some of which are more than 200 feet long.
The color of the wood is deeper and more striking than in the other
localities.

"There is no other petrified forest," says Prof. Lester F, Ward,
" in which the wood assumes so many varied and interesting forms
and colors, and it is these that present the chief attraction for the
general public. The state of mineralization in which much of this
wood exists almost places them among the gems or precious stones.
Not only are chalcedony, opals, and agates found among them, but
many approach the condition of jasper and onyx. The degree of
hardness attained by them is such that they are said to make an.
excellent quality of emery."

ADMINISTRATION

Petrified Forest National Monument is under the jurisdiction of
the Director, National Park Service, Department of the Interior,
Washington, D. C, and is in charge of a custodian residing in the
third forest. At this place has been built a small museum housing
a wonderful display of polished petrified wood, also a fine collection
of the more rare specimens.

Notice: It is unlawful to take specimens of petrified wood, of any
eise v)hatsoever, from the reserved area.

COSTS OP TRIPS AND HOTEL ACCOMMODATIONS

Adamana is a small place, consisting chiefiy of hotel, post office,
railway station, and a small store. The Forest Hotel has electric
lights, sanitary plumbing, with hot and cold water. Rates; $5.50
per day, American plan; meals only $1 each; 35 guests can be accom-
modated in summer.

The round-trip fare from Adamana for trips 1, 3, and 4 is $5 for
one person, $3 per capita for two persons, and $2.50 per capita for
three or more ; round-trip fare for trip 2 is $10, $6, aoA fi, respectively.

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QBAND CAHYON NATIONAL PARK 37

About one-half day is allotted to each trip, although three trips can
be made in a day.

Holbrook, the county seat of Navajo County, has satisfactory
hotel accommodations, with prices about the same as at Adamana.
Round-trip fare from Holbrook to third or Rainbow Forest is $7
for one passenger, $3.50 each for two passengers, $2.25 each for
three or more passengers.

The Petrified Forest may be risited from Adamana any day in
the year, except when high waters make the streams temporarily
impassable.

STOP-OVER ARKANGEMENTS

Stop-overs are allowed at Adamana, not to exceed 10 days, on .all
one-way railroad tickets, also on round-trip railroad tickets within
their limits.

To obtain stop-overs on one-way railroad ticfets, notify train
conductor and deposit tickets with agent immediately after arrival;
on round-trip tickets notify train conductors.

RULES AND REGULATIONS

(ApproTed Hareh S, 19ST, to

GENERAL REGULATIONS

The following rules and regulations for the government of the
Grand Canyon National Park are hereby established and made public
pursuant to authority conferred by the act of Congress approved
August 26, 1916 (39 Stat.. 636), as amended June 2, 1920 (41 Stat.
782), and the act of February 26, 1919 (40 Stat. 1175) :

1. Preservation of juttural features <md curiosiiies. — The destruc-
tion, injury, defacement, or disturbance in any way of the public
buildings, signs, equipment, or other property, or the trees, flowers,
vegetation, rocks, mineral, animal, or bird, or other life is prohibited :
Provided, That flowers may be gathered in small quantities when,
in the judgment of the superintendent, their removal will not impair
the beauty of the park.

2, Ctmvpvng. — No camp shall be made along roads except at desig-
nated localities. Blankets, clothing, hammocks, or any other article
likely to frighten teams shall not be hung near the road.

Many successive parties camp on the same sites during the season;
therefore camp grounds shall be thoroughly cleaned before they are
abandoned. Tin cans, bottles, cast-off clothing, and all other debris
shall be placed in garbage cans or pits provided for the purpose.
When camps are made in unfrequented localities where pits or cans
may not be provided, all refuse shall be burned or hidden where it
will not be offensive to the eye.

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38 QRJLKD CAKYON SAnOTSAl. PABK

Cuapers may use only dead or fallen timber for fueL

8, Fires. — ^Fires constitute one of the greatest perils to the parit;
they shall not be kindled near trees, dead wood, moss, dry leaves,
forest mold, or other vegetable refuse, but in some open space m
rocks or earth. Should ciunp be made in a locality where no such
open space exists or is provided, the dead wood, moss, dry leaves,
etc., shall be scraped away to the rock or earth over an area con-
siderably larger than that required for the fire.

Fires shall be lighted only when necessary, and. when no longer
needed shall be completely extinguished, and all embers and beds
smothered with earth or water, so that there remains no possibili^
of reignition,

Espeda] are shall be taken that no lifted match, dgar, or cigarette Is dropped
in any grass, twigs, leaves, or tree mold.

4. Huntmff. — The park is a sanctuary for wild life of every sort,
and hunting, killing, wounding, capturing, or fri^tening any bird or
animal in the park is prohibit«d.

The outfits, including guns, traps, teams, horses, or means of trans-
portation used by persons engaged in hunting, killing, trapping, en-
snaring, or capturing birds or wild animals, or in possession of game
killed on the park lands, shall be taken up by the superintendent
and held subject to the order of the Director of the National Park
Service, except in cases where it is shovm by satisfactory evidence
that the outfit is not the property of the person or persons violating
this regulation and the actual owner was not a party to such violation.
Firearms are prohibited in the park except on written permission of
the superintendent Visitors entering or traveling throu^ the park
to places beyond, shall, at entrance, report and surrender all firearms,
traps, nets, seines, or explosives in their possession to the first park
officer and in proper cases may obtain his vrritten leave to carry them
through the park sealed. The Government assumes no responsibih-
ties for loss or damage to any firearms, traps, nets, seines, or other
property so surrendered to any park officer, nor are park officers
authorized to accept the responsibility of custody of any property for
the convenience of visitors.

6. Fishing. — Fishing with nets, seines, traps, or by the use of drugs
or explosives, or in any other way than with hook and line, or for
merchandise or profit, is prohibited. Fishing in particular wat«r
may be suspended, or the number of fish that may be taken by one
person in any one day from the various streams or lakes may be regu-
lated by the superintendent. All fish hooked less than 6 Inches long
shall be carefully handled with moist hands and returned at once to
the water if not seriously injured. Fish retained shall be killed. Ten
fish shall constitute the limit for a day's catch.

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OBAND CANYON NATlONAIi PAKK 39

6. Private operations. — No person, firm, or corporation shall reside
pennanently, engage in any business, or erect buildings in the park
without permiBsion in writing from the Director of the National Park
Service, Washington, D. C. Applications for such permission may
be addressed to ^e director through the superintendent of the park.

7. Cameras. — SUll and motion picture cameras may be freely used
in the park for general scenic purposes. For the filming of motion
pictures requiring the use of artificial or special settings, or involving
the performance of a professional c&st, permission must first be
obtained from the superintendent of the park.

8. Gamblmg. — Gambling in any form, or the operation of gam-
bling devices, whether for merchandise or otherwise, is prohibited.

9. Advertisements. — ^Private notices or advertisements shall not be
posted or displayed on Government lands within the park, excepting
such as the superintendent deems necessary for the convenience and
guidance of the public.

10. Miming. — ^The location of mining claims on Government lands
in the park is permitted only with the prior approval of the Secretary
of the Interior.

11. Patented lamds. — Owners of patented lands within the park
limits are entitled to the full use and enjoyment thereof; the bounda-
ries of such lands, however, shall be determined and marked and
defined so that they may be readily distinguished from the park
lands. While no limitations or conditions are imposed upon the
use of private lands so long as such use does not interfere with or
injure the park, private owners shall provide against trespass by
their livestock upon the park lands, and all trespasses committed
will be punished to the full extent of the law. Stock may be taken
over the park lands to patented private lands with the written per-
mission and under the supervision of the superintendent, but such
permission and supervision are not required when access to such
private lands is had wholly over roads or lands not owned or con-
trolled by the United States.

12. GraziTig. — ^The running at large, herding, or grazing of live-
stock of any kind on the Government lands in the park, as well as
the driving of livestock over same, is prohibited, except where
authority therefor has been granted by the superintendent. Live-
stock found improperly on the park lands may be impounded and
held until claimed by the owner and the trespass adjusted.

13. Authorised operators. — All persons, firms, or corporations hold-
ing franchises in the park shall keep the grounds used by them
properly policed and shall maintain the premises in a sanitary con-
dition to the satisfaction of the superintendent. No operator shall
retain in his employment a person whose presence in the park may

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40 GBAJSD CA2TY0N NATIONAL PARK

be deemed by the superintendent subversive of good order and
management of the park.

All operators shall require each of their employees to wear a metal
badge, with a number hereon, or other mark of identification, the
name and the number corresponding therewith, or the identification
mark, being registered in the superintendent's office. These badges
must be worn in plain sight on the hat or cap.

14. Dogs and caig. — Cats are not permitted on the Groverranent
lands in the park and dogs only to those persons passing through the
park to the territory beyond, in which instances they shall be kept
tied while crossing the park,

15. Dead emimaU. — ^All domestic and grazed animals that may die
in the park at any tourist camp or along any of the public thorou^-
lares shall be buried immediately by the owner or person having
charge of such animals at least 2 feet beneath the ground, and in no
case less than one-fourth mile from any camp or thoroughfare.

16. Travel on trails. — ^Pedestrians on trails, when saddle or pack
animals are passing them, shall remain quiet until the animals have

Persons traveling on the trails of the park either on fpot or on sad-
dle animals shall not make short cuts but shall confine themselves to
the main trails.

17. Travel, genertd. — [a) Saddle horses, pack traios, and norse-
drawn vehicles have right of way over motor-propelled vehicles at
all times.

{h) Load and vehicle weight limitations shall be those prescribed
from time to time by the Director of the N^ational Park Service
and shall be complied with by the operators of all vehicles using the
park roads. Schedules showing weight limitations for different roads
in the park may be seen at the office of the superintednent and at
the ranger stations at the park entrances.

(c) All vehicles shall be equipped with lights for night travel. At
least one light shall be carried on the left front side of horse-drawn
vehicles, in a position such as to be viable from both front and rear.

18. MuceUaneous. — {a) Campers and others shall not wash cloth-
ing or cooking utensils in the waters of the park, or in any way
pollute them, or bathe in any of the streams near the regularly
traveled thoroughfares in the park without suitable bathing clothes.

{b) Stock shall not be tied so as to permit their entering any of
the streams of the park. All animals shall be kept a sufficient dis-
tance from camping gro'unds in order not to litter the ground and
make unfit for use the area which may be used later as tent sites.

(c) Campers and all others, save those holding licenses from the
Dii-ector of the National Park Service, are prohibited from hiring
their horses, trappings, or vehicles to tourists or visitors in tiie park.

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GBAKD CANYON NATIONAL PABK 41

(d) All complaints by tourists and others as to service, etc., ren-
dered in the park should be made to the superintendent in writing
before the complainant leaves the park. Oral complaints wilt be
heard daily during o£Bce hours.

19. Fpies and penalties. — Persons who render themselves obnox-
ious by disorderly conduct or bad behavior shall be subjected to the
punishment hereinafter prescribed for violation of the foregoing
regulations and may be summarily removed from the park by the
superintendent and not allowed to return without permission in
writing from the Director of the National Park Service or the super-
intendent of the park.

Any person who violates any of the foregoing regulations shall be
deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to a fine of not
more tlian $500 or imprisonment not exceeding six months, or both,
and be adjudged to pay all costs of the proceedings.
■ 20. Lost and fownd articles. — Persons finding lost articles should
deposit them at the nearest ranger station, leaving their own names
and addresses, so that if not claimed by owners within 60 days,
articles may be turned over to those who found them.

AinOMOBn.E AND MOTOR CVCLB REGULATIONS

Pursuant to authority conferred by the act of Congress approved
August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535), as amended June 2, 1920 (41 Stat.
732), and the act of February 26, 1919 (40 Stat. 1175), the following
regulations covering the admission of automobiles and motor cycles
into the Grand Canyon National Park are hereby established and
made public:

1. Entrances emd roads. — A'utomobiles and motor cycles may enter
and leave the park by, and travel over, any of the roads therein
which are open to motor vehicles.

Careful driving is demanded of all persons using the roads. The
Government is in no way responsible for any kind of accident.

2. AutomoiHes. — The park is open to automobiles operated for
pleasure, but not to those carrying passengers who are paying, either
directly or indirectly, for the use of machines (excepting, however,
automobiles used by transportation lines operating under Govern-
ment franchise), and any person operating an automobile in contra-
vention of the provisions of this regulation will be deemed guilty
of its violation.

8. Motor cycles. — ^Motor cycles are admitted to the park under the
same conditions as automobiles and are subject to the same regulations
as far as they are applicable.

4. Motor trucks. — Motor trucks may enter the park subject to the
weight limitations prescribed by the Director of the National Park
Servioe- Schedules showing prescribed weight limitations for motoc

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42 OBAND CANYON NATIONAL PAitX

trucks may be seen at the office of the superintendent and at the
ranger stations at the park entrances.

5. Permits. — For entrance to the park on the south rim a permit
shall be secured at the ranger station where the automobile enters,
which will entitle the permittee to operate the particular automobile
indicated in the permit over any or all of the roads on the south
rim; provided, however, that residents of the paik operating auto-
mobiles therein shall not be required to secure such permit. The
permit is good for the entire season, expiring on December 31 of
the year of issue, but is not transferable to any other vehicle than
that to which originally issued. The permit shall be carefully kept
so that it can be exhibited to park rangers on demand. Each per-
mit shall be eshibited to the park ranger for verification on exit
from the park. Duplicate permits will not be issued in lieu of
original permits lost or mislaid.

6. Fees. — The fee for automobile or motor cycle permit is $1,
payable in cash onjy. No charge, however, ^all be made for such
permit issued to residents of Coconino County entering the park in
the conduct of their usual occupation or business.

7. ItUoxicaiion. — No person who is under the influence of intoxicat-
ing liquor, and no person who is addicted to the use of narcotic drugs,
shall operate or drive a motor vehicle of any kind on the park roads.

8. Distance apart; gears and brakes. — Automobiles while in motion
shall be not less than 50 yards apart, except for purpose of passing,
which is permissible only on comparatively level stretches of roads
and on slight grades. All automobiles, except while shifting gears,
shall retain their gears constantly enmeshed. The driver of each
automobile may be required to satisfy park officers that all parts
of his machine, particularly the brakes and tires, are in first-class
working order and capable of making the trip, and that there is
sufficient gasoline in the tank to reach the next place where it may
be obtained. The automobile shall carry at least one extra tire.
Motor cycles not equipped with brakes in, good working order are
not permitted to enter the park.

9. Speeds. — Automobiles and other vehicles shall be so operated
as to be under the safe control of the driver at all times. The speed
shall be kept wit^n such limits as may be necessary to avoid accident.

Speed is limited to 12 miles per hour on grades and when rounding
sharp curves, and in Grand Canyon village area. On straight, open
stretches the speed may be increased to 25 miles per hour.

10. Horns. — The bom shall be sounded on approaching curves or
stretches of road concealed for any considerable distance by slopes, over-
hanging trees, or other obstacles, and before meeting or passing other
automdsiles, motor cycles, riding or driving animals, or pedestrians.

aKAND CANYON KATIONAL FABK 43

11. Lights. — ^AIl automobiles shall be equipped with head and tail
lights, the headlights to be of sufficient brilliancy to insure safety in
driving at night, and all lights shall be kept lighted after sunset when
automobile is on the road. Headlights shall be dimmed when meeting
other automobiles, motor cycles, riding or driving animals, or pedes-
trians.

12. Muffler cut-outs. — Muffler cut-outs shall be closed while ap-
proaching or passing riding horses, horse-drawn vehicles, hotels,
camps, or checking stations, and in Grand Canyon village area.

13. Teams. — Teams have the right of way, and automobiles shall
be backed or otherwise handled as may be necessary so as to enable
teams to pass with safety. In no case shall automobiles pass animals
on the road at a speed greater than 12 miles an hour.

li. Overtaking vehicles. — Any vehicle traveling slowly upon any of
the park roads shall, when overtaken by a faster moving motor
vehicle and upon suitable signal from such overtaking vehicle, ^ve
way to the right, allowing the overtaking vehicle reasonably free
passage, provided the overtaking vehicle does not exceed the speed
limits specified for the road in question.

When automobiles going in opposite directions meet on a grade
the ascending machine has right of way, and the descending machine
shall be backed or otherwise handled as may be necessary to enable
the ascending machine to pass with safety.

15. Acdderiis, stop-overs. — If, because of accident or stop for any
reason, automobiles are unable to keep going, they shall be imme-
diately parked off the road or, where this is impossible, on the outer
edge of the road..

16. Fines and pemdties. — Any person who violates any of the fore-
going regulations shall be deemed guilty of a misdeameanor and shall
be subject to a fine of not more than $500 or imprisonment not
exceeding six months, or both, and be adjudged to pay all costs of the
proceedings, and such violation shall subject the offender to im-
mediate ejectment from the park. Persons ejected from the park wUI
not be permitted to return without prior sanction In writing from
the Director of the National Park Service or the superintendent of
the park.

MAPS

The following maps * may be obtained from the Director of the
United States Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. Remittances
should be made by money order or in cash.

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44 GRAND CAKVON NATIONAL PABK

Sbinumq, 28% by 25 inches, scale aboat 1 mile to H4 Inchea, contour Intenal

50 feet. 20 cents.
BsioHT Anoel, 26 by 30% inches, scale about 1 mile to 1% Inches, contonr

interval 50 feet. An account of the geologic history of the Grand Canym and

a description of the rocks, by I* F. Noble, is printed on the reverse fdde of

the map. 20 cents.
ViBHNU, 28 by 21 Inches, scale about 1 mile to 1% inches, contour iuteml

SO feet. 20 cents.
On tbe above mnpa the roade, tralla, and oames are priated In black, tbe >tnu)S In

blue, BDd tbe relief la Indicated bj brown contour llneB.

LITERATURE

* GOVERNMOdT PUBLICATIONS

Government publications on Grand Canyon National Parak may be
obtained as indicated below. Separate communications should be
addressed to the officers mentioned.

DISTRIBOTED FREE BY THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

The following publications may be obtained free on written appli-
cation to the Director of the N^ational Park Service or by personal
application to the office of the superintendent of the park.

Map of the western United States.

Shows location of all of the national parka a
NatlDDal Park Betvlce, and all railroad raatea tt

Map of the western United States.

SbowB the National Park-to-Parfa Blgbwaj and otber roada.
Glimpses of Our National Parks. 59 pages, including 23 lllustratiMis.

ContalDg description at the most Important featnrea of tbe principal national palfet.
Glimpses of Our National Monuments. 73 pa^s. Including 34 illustratlMis.

Contains brlet description or all the national moQumcntB administered by the Depart-
ment of tbe Interior.

SOLD BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS

The following publications may be obtained from the Superintend-
ent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D, C,
at the prices indicated. Postage prepaid. Remittances should be
made by money order or in cash.

The Nabonal Parks PortfoBo. By Robert StaUat Yard. Third EAUan. 2T0 palo, hKhiiBiifl 310
UliMdaUons. Bound secirdy In cloth. I1-*

Contains nine chapters, each descriptive of a natlanal park, and one a larger chapter
devoted to otber parka and moauments.

Guidebook of the Western United States, Part C, tlie Santa Fe Route, with a
side trip to the Grand Canyon of the Colorado, by N. H. Darton and others.
(Bulletin 613, U. S. Geological Survey.) 1915. 194 pages, 2S routes maps, 42
plates, 40 test flgures. 50 cents.*

This guide describes tbe countrj along the AtchlHon, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway [ron
Kaneas City to Lob Angeles, Although the description ot the ri>i±B and their relatiain
and the scenic teaturee form a large proportion of the matter, nearly every page ^ve>

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6EAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK 45

Intormatkin ai to notable bistoric cTents, lodDslrlal reaoatcea. planta, aad anlmolB.

Tbe Btory of tbe Indians, paat and present, capeclall; the characteristic Pueblo tribes.

IB told In some detail. Many of tbe tacts regardlDg tbe tocka are bere presented for

the flrat time. The book contains numerous views of prominent seenlc leaturea and

pIctarM of restoration of soma of the very remarkaUe animals whose bones are fonnd

Id th« clays.
ExploratlOD Of tbe Colorado River of tbe West and Its Tributaries, b; John

Wesley Powell. Explored Id 1899, 1870. 1671. and 1872. Pp. 291. Under tbe

direction of tbe Secretary of tbe SmltbsoniaD Institution. Illustrated. Got-

erament Printing Office, Wasbington, 1879. (Out of print.)
Pre-Cambrlan Igneons Bocks of tbe Unkar Terrane, Grand Canyon of the Col-
orado, Ariz., by C. D. Wolcott. U. S. Geol. Burr. 14tb Ann. Kept., pt. 2.

pp. 497-524, pla. 60-65. 1894. $2.10.
Tbe Grand Canyon. Senate Doc. No. 42, esth Congress, let session, b; gliomas

Fulton Dawson, GoTernment Printing Office, Wasbington, D. C, 1917. 67 pp.

Price, 10 cents.
An article glring credit of Brst traTeralng tbe Grand Canyon to James White, a

Colorado gold prospector.
Tertiary History of the Grand Canyon District, by Clarence E. Button. U. 8.
■ Oeol. Surv. Mon. 2.264 pages, tUustrattons, and atlas. 1882. $10.
The Shinonto Quadrangle, Grand Canyon District, Aria., by L. F. Noble. U. S.

Geol. Surr. Bull. 549, 1914. 100 pages, Including 30 Illustrations and a colored

geologic map. Price, 20 cents.

Deacrlbes the geology and scpnlc features ot the Grand Canyon In the weateru part

of tbe national park. Contains a detailed account of tbe Algonkian strata exposed on

Shinnmo Creek.
A Reconnaissance of tbe Archean Complete of the Granite Gorge, Grand Canyon,

Ariz., by L. F. Noble and J. Pred Hunter. U. S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper 98-1,

1916. 20 pages, 3 illustrations.
Describes tbe rocks that form tbe walls of the Otanlte Gorge In the bottom of the

canyon.
A secUoD of tbe Paleozoic Formations of tbe Grand Canyon at the Bass Trail,

by L. F. Noble. U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 131-B, 1922. 50 pages, 15

illustrations.
Describes the Paleozoic strata of the Grand Canyon In -detail and contains dlagrama

■howlng the strata In profile aa tbey appear In the walls.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Allen, E. F. "A Guide to the National Parks of America," Compiled and edited

by Edward Frank Allen. New York. McBride, Nast & Co., 1915, pp. 280.

Pp. 218-248 on Grand Canyon.
Appleton, D., & Co. " Our Native Land ; or Glances at American Scenery and

Places, with Sketches of Life and Adventtire." With 336 illustrations. (No

author given.) New York. D. Appleton & Co., no date (copyrighted 1882),

pp. ivi, 615. Pp. 1-30 on " The Canyons of the Colorado."
Bell, William A. "New Tracks in North America" (u Journal of travel and

adventure whilst engaged in the survey tor a southern railroad to tbe Paclflt*

Ocean during 1867-68, pp. 565). Scribner, Welford & Co., New York, 1870.
Berton, Francis, Membre Correspondent de la Soci^t^ de GSograpble de Geneve.

"Un Voyage sur le Colorado." San Francisco, 1878, pp. 64. Casa Grande.

Tumacacori, Grand Canyon.
Bicknell, P. C. "Guidebook of the Grand Canyon of Arizona." A volume of

interesting facts and gossip. Pp. 97. Copyrighted by George U. Young. 1902.
Bowles, Samuel. "Our New West." Pp. 524, Grand Canyon, pp. 500-503.

Hartford Publishing Co., Hartford, Conn., 1869. ,

46 GRAND CANTON NATIONAL. PAU£

Conblln, Einocb. " Pictaresque Arizona." Pp. 380. Grand Canjon chapter.

pp. 322-336. The Mining Becord Printing Establishment, No. 61 Broadway,

New York City. 1878.
Cobb. I. 8. " Roughing It De Lnie." By Irrln S. Cobb. lUnatrated by John T.

McCutcheon. New York. George H. Doran Co. (copyri^ted 1914), pp. 219.

Paper coTers.
Cones, Elliott " On the Trail of a Spanish Pioneer." Translation of the Dairy

and Itinerary of l^Dclsco Oarcee. 2 vols., F. P. Harper, New lorfc
Darton. N. H. "A Reconnalsaance of Parts of Northwestern New Mexico and

Norihem Arizona." By N. B. Darion, U. B. Geological Surrey Bnlledn 439.

Washington, QoTemmeDt Printing Office, 1910. pp. 88. Ulnstrations, charts.

maps, bibliography.

" Story of the Grand Canytn of Arizona." Pp. 81. Published by Fred

Harvey. 1917. (A popolar lUnstrated account of Its rocks and origin.)

Davis, W. M. "An Excursion to the Grand Canyon of the Colorado," Pp. Iffl-
196. Harvard Uolv. Mns. Cmnp. ZooL Bnll. is, geol. ser., vol. 5. No. 4. 1901.

"Tbe Lessons of the Colorado Canyon." Pp. 345-3S4. American Geo-
graphical Soc. BnU. 6. vol. 41. 1909.

Tbe first paper 1> ■ teduiicali tbe SMood a popular acconat of the eroslonal hiBtorr •>/
tbe Grand Canyon region.

Dellenbatigh, Frederick S. "A Canyon Voyage." Pp. 277. G. P. Putnam's
Sons. New York. Fully illustrated. (Tbe narrative of the second Powell
expedition down tbe Green-Colorado River from Wyoming and the explora-
tions on land in tbe years 1871 and 1872.) Price. $3.S0.

"Breaking the Wilderness." Pp. 360. G. P. Putnam's Sons, New Turk,

1905. Fully Illustrated. Grand Canyon chapter, pp. 318-327. Price, $3.50.

" The Romance of the Colorado River." Pp. 401. G. P. Putnam's Sons,

New York. Fully lUnstrated. (A. complete account of the discovery and •>'
the explorations from 1S40 to the present time, with particular reference to
tbe two voyages of Powell through the line of the great canyons.) Price.
$3.50.

Dumbeil. K. B. M. "Seeing the West. Suggestions for the Westbound
Traveller." By K. B, M. Dumbeil. New York. Doubleday, Page & Co.,
1920. Pp. xlv, 206. Illustrations. Pp. 163-170 on Grand Canyon.

Emmons, S. F. "Geological Guide-book for an excursion to the Rocky Monn-
talns." Samuel Franklin Emmons, editor. From the Compte-Rendn of the
Fifth International Congress of Geologists. New York. John Wiley A
Sons, 1894, pp. 253-487. Plates and cuts. Bibliography. Pp. 464-181 on
Grand Canyon region.

Finck. H. T. " Tbe Faclflc Coast Scenic Tonr • • •." By Henry T. Finck
New York. Charles Serlbner's Sons, 1890, pp. xlv, 309, Ulnstrated. Pp. 294-
306 on Grand Canyon.

Freeman, L. R. "The Colorado River: Yesterday, Tojlay, and Tomorrow."
By Lewis R. Freeman. New York. Dodd, Mead & Co., 1923, pp. xlx, 451,
Illustrated.

Gllmore, Charles W. "Fossil Footprints from the Grand Canyon." By
Charles W. Gllmore. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. Volume 77,
No. 9. 1926.

Grey, Zane. "Tales of Lonely Trails." By Zane Grey. New York. Harper &
Bros. (1922), pp. 394, Illustrated.

Hayden, F. V. "The Great West: Its Attractions and Resources • • •."
By Prot. F. V. Hayden, LL D.. Bloomlngton. III. Charles E. Brodlx, 188<^
pp. 528. Woodcuts and maps. Pp. 63-QQ on Grand Canyon.

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GKAND CANYOK KATIOKAL PARK 47

HiggiDs, C. A, " To California and Back." By C. A. BlgKlns. Illustratloiis by
J. T. MeCutcheon, Chicago. Passenger Departmmt, Santa Fe Boute, 1893,
pp. 152. Paper coyers.

" The Titan of Chasms — Grand Canyon of Arizona." By C. A. Hlgglns.

<CoDtains also "The Scientific Explorer," by J. W. Powdl; "The Greatest
Thing in the World," by Charles F. Lummis; "Commenta by Noted Ameri-
cana; Information for Tourists.") Pp. 40, map. Paper covers.

Holmes, Burton. Travelogues. VoL 6, The Yellowstone National Park, The
Grand Canyon of the Arizona, Mokl Land. 336 pages, Illustrated, 1908.

Hoi^b, Emerson. " The President's Forest." Saturday Evening Post, January
14, 21, 1922.

Ives, J. C. " Report upon the Colorado Elver of the West," explored In 1857 and
1858 by Lieut. Joseph C. Ives, Corps of Topc^raphical Engineers. Part I,
General Report (131 pp.) ; Part II, Hydrograi*ic Report (14 pp.) ; Part
III, Geological Report, hy Dr. J. S. Newberry (154 pp.) ; Part IV, Botany, by
Professors Gray, Torrey, Thurber, and Doctor Engelmann (30 pp.) ; Part V,
Zoology, by Prof. S. P. Baird (6 pp.) ; Appendices A, B, C, D (32 pp.). SCth
Congress, 1st session. Bouse of Representatives, Executive Document No. 90.
Washington. Government Printing Office, 1861. 2 maps, 1 profile, 8 panoramic
Tlews, 12 engravings, T IndlaJi portraits, 41 woodcuts.

James, George Wharton. "A Little Journey to Strange Places and Peoples."
For Home and School Intermediate and Upper Grades. Pp. 269, Grand
Canyon chapter; On to Williams, pp. 238-260. Illustrated. A. Flanagan Co.,
Chicago, 1911.

James, Geotge Wharton. "Arizona the Wonderland." Pp. 478. The Grand
Canyon, pp. 98—103. The Page Cto., Boston, 1917.

" In and Around the Grand Canyon." The Grand Canyon of the Colorado

River in Arizona. Little, Brown & Co., Boston, 1900. 341 pp.. Illustrated.

"Our American Wonderlands." Illustrated. Pp; 290. Containing "The

Grand Canyon of Arizona," pp. 1-10; "The Cany<m of Cataracts and the
Havftsupai Indians," pp. 158-166. A. C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, 1915.

" The Grand Canyon of Arizona — How to See It" Pp. 265, illustrated,

Little, Brown & Co., Boston, 1910.

Jeffeis, Le Roy. "The Call of the Mountains." 2^ pp., lUustrated. Dodd,

Mead & Co, 1922. Grand Canyon Park on pp. 193-^5.
Kane, F. J. " Picturesque America, Its Parka and Playgrounds." 1925. 621

lil)., illustrated. Published by Frederick Gnmbiecht, Brooklyn, N. T. Grand

Canyon on pp 109-113, 119-126.
Kolb, E. L. " Through the Grand Cauycra from Wyoming to Mexico," with a

foreword by Owen Wlater ; with 48 plates from photographs by the author

and his brother. The Macmtllan Co., New York, 1914. 344 pp., illustrated,

maps. Price, $4.50.
Laut, Agnes C. "Throi^ Our Unknown Southwest" Pp. 271. "Grand

Canyon and the Petrified Forest," pp 137-ltffi. Illustrated. McBride, Nast

& Co., New York, 1013.
Lemmon, J. G. " Grand Canyon of the Colorado," by J. G. Lemmon. Overland

Monthly, vol. 411, pp. 244-256. September, 1888.
Lull, R. S. " Fossil Footprints from the Grand Canyon of the Colorado."

Pp. 337-346. Am. Jour. Sel., yol. 45, May, 1918.
Deicribea foBsIl tracks found tn the Cocoolno aandstoDe on Hermit Trail.
Lummis, C. F. "A Tramp Across the Continent." Pp. 270. Grand Canyon

chapter " The Verge of the Desert," wi. 244-264. Charles Scritmer's B<ma,

New York, 1892.

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48 OBAND CANTON NATIONAL PAfiX

Iiummls, G. F. " Some Strange Comers of Our Ooantry " (He Wonderland at

the ETonthwest). Pp. 270. Gtand CanyoD chapter, "Tbe Grandest Goige In

the World," pp. 1-19. Illostrated. The Century Co., New Totk, 1882.
Ueriiam, C. Hart " North American Fanna " No. 3. U. 8. DepartiiiHit o[

Agriculture. GoTemment Printing Office, 1880.
Merriam, John C. "Ancient Footprints In the Grand Canyon." ScrihDK's

Mt^azlne. Jannary, 1926. Pp. 77-82.
Mitchell, Daniel Holmes. " God's Country." Tbe Grand Canyon chapter, w.

219-222. Illustrated. The Elbert Richardson Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, 1910.
Mulr, John, " The Grand Canyon of the Colorado." Ppi 347-882. Steep Trails,

edited by Wm. Frederick Bade. Hon^ton MUUn Co., Boston and New York.

1&1& Illustrated.
Uonk, J. A., M. D. "Arizona Sketchee." Chapter ratltled "Canym EdLQeH,"

pp. 130-lSO. Illustrated. The Orafton Press, New ToA, 1906. niustrated,

pp. 230. Price $2, net
Pelxotto, Ilmest "Onr Hispanic Sonthweet" Pp. 246. lUastratlons by tbe

author. " The Grand Canyon, an Impresrion," pp. 129-136. Charles ScribceT'a

Sons, New York, 1916.
P^in, S. D., geologist "Origin of Grand Canyon, induding Discovery and

Angeles.
Popham, William Lee. "Grand Canyon of Arizona Romance," description being

from author's observation. The Wortd SOEVlJ Co., Lonisvllle, Ky„ 1913.

94 pp. Price $1.
Powell, John Wesley. " Canyons of the Colorado." With many lUustratioDB.

Pp. 396. Flood ft Tinceot, Meadville, Pa. The Chautanqna'-CoittUT Piesfi,

1895.
" First Through the Grand Canyon " (being the record of Uie piooew

esploratioQ of the Colorado River in 1869-70, edited by Horace Ke^iart New

York). Outing Publishing Co., 1915. 320 pp. Price, $1. (Onting Adven-
ture Library No. 4,)
Prudden. MitcheU. "On the Great American Plateau." Pp. 237 (Wanderinifs

Among Canyons and Buttes in the Land of the Cliff-Dweller and the Indisp

of To-day). Illustrated with i^otugraphs and with original drawings bi

Eldward Learning. G. P. Putnam's Sons, New Yorlc and London, 1906. Graml

Canyon chapters, "Under the Spell of the Grand Canyon," pp. 36-<71: "A

Little Story of World-Making," pp. 72-69.
Qnlnn, Vernon. " Beantifnl America," 333 pp.. Illustrated. Frederick A. StoIi«

Co., New York City. Grand Canyon Park on pp. 51-66, 264.
Ransome, F. L. " Fre-Cambrlan Sediments and Faults In the Grand Canyon."

Pp. 667-669. Science, new ser., vol. 34, No. 864, 1911.
Describes tbe Brlgbt Angel fault
Robinson. Will H. " The Story of Arizona." Pp. 468. Grand Canyon chapter,

" Scenic Arizona," pp. 367-378. The Berrybill Co., Phoenis, Ariz., 1919.
Roosevelt, Theodore. "A Booklover's Holiday In the Open."
Santa Fe Railway System. " The Grand Canyon of Arizona," 1902-1900 (behig

a book of words from many peus about the Grand Canyon of the Colorado

River In Arizona), pp. 150-161. Robert M. McBrlde & Co., New York.
Saunders, Charles Francis. " Finding the North While in the Southwest." Pp-

231. Grand Canyon chapter, " The Grand Canyon of the Colorado River in

Arizona," pp. 160-161. Robert M. McBrlde ft Co., New York City, 1918.

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GBAND CANTON NATIONAL. PABE 49

Schmecbebler, L. F. " Catalogue and Index of tbe PnbllcatlonB of tbe Harden,
King, Powrfl, and Wbeder Snrveye." By L. F. Schmeckebier, U. 8. Geoloeical
Snrvey. Bnlletln No. 222. Washington. Govemment Printing Office, 1904.
Pp. 208. Paper covers.

Sltgreaves, L. " Beport of an Expedition Down the Znnl and Colorado Rivers."
By Capt. L. Sltgreaves, Corps of Topogmpbical Engineers. 32d Congress, 2d
session. Senate Eietntlve No. 88. Washington. Robert Armstrong, 1853.
Pp. 198. 23 plates of landscapes, etc., 66 plates of mammalB, birds, reptiles,
flsbes, plants. Map. JUap: BeconnaUeance of tbe Zoni, Little Colorado, and
Colorado Rivers, made in 1851 • • •. By Capt. L. Sltgreaves, assisted by
Lieut. J. G. Parke and Mr. R. H. Kern. Drawn by R. H. Kem (4 plates and
map missing) .

Scfancbert, Charles. " On the Carboniferous of the Grand Canyon of Arizona "
and "The Cambrian of the Grand Canyon of Arizona." Pp. 347-369. Am.
Jonr. Scl., 4tb'ser., vol. 45. May, 1918.
These two papers give an Bccount i>{ tbe origin of the Paleoiolc strata and the fouUs
that the strata contain.

Smith, W, W. " The Grand Canyon of Arizona and the Blver That Made It,
the Colorado." Copyrighted 1S13 by W. W. Smith, pp. 32.

Stanton, R. S. "Through the Grand Canyon of the Colorado." By Robert
Brewster Stanton. Scrtbner'a Magazine, VoL VIII. Pp. 691-613. November,
1900. lUnstrated.

Steele, David M. " Going Abroad Overland," Pp. IW, 16 plates, 2 maps. Put-
nam's, New York, 1917.

Thayer, W. M. " Marvels of the New West • • •." By William M. Thayer.
Illustrated with over 355 engravings and maps. Norwich, Conn. The Henry
BUI Publishing Co., 1887. Pp. xxxvi, 715. Woodcuts. Pp. 34-59 on Grand
Canyon and vicinity. Mostly quoted from Dntton and Macomb.

Torrey, B. " Field Days in California." By Bradford Torrey. With illustra-
tions from photographs. Boston and New Tork. Houghton Mifflin Co., 1913.
»p. 236. Pp. 204-231 on Grand Canyon.

Van Dyke, Henry. "The Grand Canyon and oth^ Poems." 78 pp. Charles
ScrilMier's Sons. 1914. Price, $1.35.

Van Dyke, J. C. " The Grand Canyon of the Colorado. Recurr^it Studies In
Impressions and Appearances." By John C. Van Dyke. New York. Charles
Scribncr's Sons, 1920. Pp. sil, 218. Illustrations, maps.

Warner, Charles Dudley. " Our Italy." Two chapters on Grand Canyon, " The
Heart of the Desert," pp. 177-188 ; " On tbe Brink of the Grand Canyon— The
Unique Marvel of Nature," pp, 189-200. Harper & Eros., New Tork, 1891.

Wheeler, G. M. " Beport Upon United States Geographical Surveys West of tbe
One Hundredth Meridian." In charge of Capt. George M. Wheeler, Corpe of
Engineers, U. S. Army. Vol. I. Oeograpblcal Report Washington. Gov-
ernment Printing Office, 1889. Pp. 780. 38 plates, 3 maps. Pp. 147-171 on
Grand Canyon and River Trip of 1871. 9 plates on Grand Canyon. Mape:
(1) Showing routes of the land and river parties engaged in exploring tbe
Grand Canyon of tbe Colorado. 1871.

Whiting, Lillian. " Tbe Land of Enchantment." with illustrations from photo-
graphs. Pp. 347. Little. Brown & Co,, 1906. Dedicated to the unfading
memory of MaJ. John Wesley Powell, the great explorer. (Grand Canyon
chapter, " The Carnival of the Gods," pp. 311-338. )

Winship, G. P. " Finding the Colorado River." By George Parker Winsbip.
The Land of Sunshine, vol. 12, pp. 269-280. April, 1900. lUnstrated,

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50 GBAND CANYON NATIONAL PAKE

Woods, O. K. "Pereonal ImpreaBloos of tbe Grand Cannon of the Colorado
BlTer." As tieat tbiougb nearly two tbonsand eyes, and written in tbe pri-
vate visitors book of tbe world-famons guide, Capt. John Bance, goide,
stoiT-teller, and pathfinder. Collected and compiled by O. K. Woods, nins-
trated, pp. 152. The Whitaker & Ray Co., San Francisco, 189&.

Yard, R. S. "Tbe Book of tbe National Parks," with maps and UlnatrationB.
Pp. 420. Cbarlea Scrlbner's Sous, New lork, 1910. Grand Canyon chapter.
"A Pageant of Creation." Illnstrated, ppL 32S-3S1.

-~- — "The Top at the Continent." Grand Canyon chapter, "The Greatest
Xttttdi in the W<»id." Pp. 213-244; illnstrated. Charles Scrlbner's Sooa,
New Ywk, 1917.

OTHER NATIONAL PARKS
Rules and Begulations similar to this for national parks listed

below may be obtained free of charge by writing to the Director of

the National Park Service, Washington, D. C.

Crater Lake National Park. Rocky Mountain National Park.

Glacier National Park. Sequoia and General Grant National

Hawaii National Park. Parks.

Hot Springs National Park. Wind Cave National Park.

Lafayette National Park. Yellowstone National Park.

Lassen Volcanic National Park. Yosemite National Park.

Mesa Verde National Park. Zlon National Park.

Mount Rainier National Park.

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AUTHORIZED RATES FOR PUBLIC UTIUTIES
SEASON OP 1927

All rates of the authorized public utilities are approved by the
Govenunent. Therefore complaints regarding overcharges should be
made to the superintendent. EmployeeE of the hotels, camps, and
transportation lines are not Government employees, but discourteous
treatment by public-utility employees should be reported to the park
administration.

THE SOUTH RIM
Hotels and PubUc Camps
The following hotels, etc., are operated by Fred Harvey:

EL TOVAR

El Tovar Hotel is located at the railroad terminus, near the head
of Bright Angel Trail, at an elevation of 6,866 feet above Bea level,
and open all the year. It is a long, low structure, built o£ native
bowlders and pine logs. There are 93 sleeping rooms, accommodat-
ing 175 guests. Forty-six of these rooms are connected with private
bath.

There is a music room and rendezvous. In the main dining room
165 persons can be seated at one time.

Hot and cold water, steam heat, and electric light are supplied.
£1 Tovar also has a steam laundry.

Authorised rates at El Tovar Hotel

One person In room witliout bath, per day $7. 00

One person in room with bath, per day $8.00-9.00-10.00

Rednctltm of 50 cents per person for 2 in a room wltb double bed.
Sdeals only :

Breakfast 1.25

Luncheon 1.50

Dinner 1-75

Children, not transient, under 3 years, charge $X.50 per day for meals only.
No charge for rooms.

Children 3 to 7 years, $3 per day for meals and room without bath ; $4 per day
for room with bath.

Childcen 8 years and over, full rate.

El Tovar barber »hop rate*

Shave $0.25

Haircut :

Men .50

52 dfiAND CANYON NATIONAL PABK

El Tovar barber ghop ratea — GoDtluoed

Sh&mpoo:

Men, plain |0. 60

Men, oil 1,00

Women j. OO

Hair tonic SO. 25 and 0.40

Facial or head massaKe $0.50 and 0.75

Bright Angel Cottages

Cozy lodgings in cottages or tents are available at Bright Angel
Cottages, adjacent to El Tovar. The accommodations are clean and
comfortable. There are two cottages, open the year round, and
many tent-cabins for summer only. Both cottages have steam heat
and electric light; one cottage also has baths. All tent-cabins have
electric light, but no heat or baths. About 350 people can be accom-
modated here. Meals are furnished k la carte at the cafe. Kitchen
facilities are ample for quick h la carte service.

AiUh&rized rate» at Bright Angel Goilaget

Ijo^tlng only, per day, per person Jl. 50, $1. 75, $2. 00

Lodging only, per day, 2 persons $3. 00, $3. 60, $4. 00

Children 3 to 7 years, half rate.
Children 8 years and over, full rate.

HOUSEKE^ING COTTAGES, CAMP LODGE, AND DELICATESSEN

AUTOMOBOf CAMP GROUNDS

A new unit designed especially for the comfort and convenience of
motorists will be opened May 1. It consists of housekeeping cottages,
a delicatessen, and camp lodge. These are located adjacent to the
free public auto camp ground. The camp lodge has a large room
. with fireplace and a large covered porch which may be used by all
campers free of charge, whether or not they patronize housekeeping
cottages. Cooked foods and emergency groceries in small packages
may be purchased at the delicatessen at rates approved by the Na-
tional Park Service. Near by is a general store where foods, clothing,
hardware, etc., may be purchased in any quantity.

AuthorieeA rate» for housekeeping oottages

Minimum charge for cabin per day $1.00

Two or more pwaons in one cabin, per person, per day — . GO

Above charge includes two double beds with springs and mattresses, stove tor
cooking and heating, electric light, table and benches, fuel and water.

Tisitors who are traveling light, may rent bed clothes and towels at the
following additional charges:

Blankets per pair per day 90.2R

' aheets, pillows, pillow cases, towels :

Per person, first day '— .50

Per person, each additional day .26

Above charges on basis of two clean towels per day.

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gbjlsd cakyon national park 53

pubuc auto camp

The public auto camp is maintained by the National Park Service.

No charge is made for camp grounds, firewood, water, etc. Water is

hauled to the canyon by rail, and campers are urged to save water in

every way possible.

HERMIT CABINS

On Tonto Plateau at the foot of Hermit Trail ; consists of a cen-
tral dining room, lounge cottage, and II sleeping cottages; accom-
modations for 80 persons.

Authorised rates at HemUt CaMM
American plan, per day, per person $6.00

PHANTOM RANCH

On the north side of the Colorado Biver near the mouth of Bright
'Angel Creek; consists of well-built stone and tent-cottages with mess
hall and rendezvous with excellent accommodations for 30 persons.

Authorteed rates at Phantom Ranch
American plan, per day, per person $6.00

REST HOUSES

THE LOOKOUT

The Lookout is a quaint observatory and rest house, built on the
edge of the rim near the bead of Bright Angel Trail. It is equipped
with a large binocular telescope in the tower, for observing the most
distant reaches of the canyon. Canyon photos are for sale. The
reception room has spacious windows, a fireplace, Navajo rugs, and
ea^y chairs; it is electric-lighted and steam heated.

HERMrrS REST

Where Hermit Kim Road ends and Hermit Trail begins is a
unique rest house, built into the hill, with a roofed-in porch and a
parapet wall. As the name implies, it is intended to provide rest
and shelter for parties who take the Rim Road drive, or the Hermit
Trail trip. Guests may sit at the tables outside or sheltered by the
glass front inside according to weather, and enjoy refreshments in
unusual surroundings. Admission is free to those who arrive in
Harvey transportation busses. The charge to others is 25 cents,
each. Open 9 a. m. to 12 noon; 1 p. m. to 6 p. m.

HOPI HOUSE

Opposite El Tovar is a reproduction of the dwellings of the Hopi
Indians and several Navajo hogans.

In Hopi House are installed collections of Indian handiwork.
Here also live a small band of Hopis, who are among the more
. primitive of our Indians.

54 QEAND CANTON NATIONAL PARK

The homes of the Hopis are on the edge of the Painted Desert,
perched on the crests of lofty mesas where they live as did their
forbears and cling to their high dwelling place. They are indus-
trious, thrifty, orderly, and mirthful, A round of ceremonies, each
terminating in the pageants called " dances," marks the different
seasons of the year. Subsisting almost wholly by agriculture in an
arid region of uncertain crops, thej find time between their labors
for light-hearted dance and song, and for elaborate ceremonials,
which are grotesque in the Katchina or masked dances, ideally poetic
in the flute dance, and intensely dramatic in the snake dance. In the
three and a half centuries of contact with the white race their manner
of life has not materially changed. The Indian tribes that roamed
over mountain and plain have become wards of the Grovermnent, hut
the Pueblo Indian has absolutely maintained his individuality.

The Navajo women weave fine blankets and many of the men are
expert sUversmiths, who fashion bracelets, rings, and other articles
from Mexican coin silver. The Navajo Indian Reservation — one of
the largest in the United States — borders Marble Canyon on the
east. They are a pastoral people, iptelligent, and, like the Hopis,
self-supporting. They own large numbers of sheep, cattle, and
horses. The Navajos are tall, rather slender, and agile. They have
been rightly called the Bedouins of the Desert. Nowhere are they
gathered into permanent villages. Although " civilized," they still
cling to old customs and old religious forms. The medicine man, or
Shaman, has a large following, if not a large per cent of cures.
Their dance ceremonies are weird in the extreme. The fire dance is a
spectacular 10-day ceremony, seldom witnessed by white men, and
occurring only once in seven years.

Supai Indians from Havasu Canyon frequently visit Grand Can-
yon village, and Navajo and Hopi Indians may be seen occasionally.

VERKAMFS

In this shop may also be seen one of the largest and best paintings
of Grand Canyon as well as other work of the late Louis Aikin.

KOLB BROS.' STUDIO

Kolb Bros.' studio is at the head of Bright Angel Trail. The Kolb
Bros, give, each day, an interesting lecture, illustrated with motion

Dig-izedbiGOOgle

GBAND CANYON NATIONAX. PAfiE 55

pictures and slides, describing their boat trip through the canyons
of the Green and Colorado Rivers. Admission, 50 cents.

The exhibition above referred to illustrates Major Powell's ori^nal
exploration of the entire series of canyons on these rivers and should
not be confused with other excellent travel talks on the Grand
Canyon, which latter describe and illustrate what can be seen by the
visitor in a stay of a week or so at the canyon.

SIGHT-SEEING TRIPS BY ROAD
Regular Trips by Automobile

The following trips are available every day in the year by auto-
mobile :
Tbip No. 1.

Hermifa Rest. — Stopping en route at Sentinel, Hopi, Mohave,
and Pima Points. First trip starts at 9.30 a. m., returning to El
Tovar and Bright Angel about 12 noon. Second trip starts at 1.30
p. m., returning to El Tovar and Bright Angel about 4 p. m. Rate,
$3 ; children, 6 to 11, half rate ; children under 6, no charge. This
rate includes use of facilities and light refreshments at Hermit's Rest.
This drive is 16 miles round trip along the rim road.
Special Short Trips

There is also a sunset trip to Hopi or Mohave Points, leaving El
Tovar and Bright Angel Cottages about 6.80 and returning about
7.45. Minimum of four fares.

Hopi Point:- EI Tovar to Hopi Point, 2 miles west; rate, $1.

Mohave Point : 3 miles west ; rate, $1.50.

Regular Summer Trb» by Autoowblle

The following trips are available through the summer season
(approximately from April 15 to November 15) :
Trip No. 2.

Gramd View. — Through forest of tall pines via Long Jim Canyon
and Thor's Hammer, 13 miles each way; time, about 3% hours.
Leave El Tovar and Bright Angel Cottages 1,30 p. m. daily. Bates,
$4. From Grand View may be seen that section of the canyon from
Bright Angel Creek to Marble Canyon, including the great bend of
the Colorado, On the east wall are Moran, Zuni, Papago, Pinal,
Lipan, Navajo (Desert View), and Comanche Points; and the mouth
of the Little Colorado River. Still farther beyond is the Painted

ityGoO^lc

56 OBAND CANYON NATIONAL PABK

Desert and Navajo Mountain — the latter plainly seen, though 120
mites away. The rim trail to Moron Point is interesting. Grand
View Trail enters the canyon near Grand View Point.
Trip No. 3.

DeseH Vieto. — Thirty miles each way via Long Jim Canyon, Thor'g
Hammer, Grand View, HuU Tank, Trash Pam, Tanner Tank, Old
Aztec Ruin, Lipan Point, and head of Tanner Trail. One round trip
a day leaving El Tovar and Bri^t Angel Cottages at 1.16 p. m.,
returning about 6 p. m. Kate, $8.

At this point there is a far outlook not only into the canyon above
the Granite Gorge, where the river valley widens, but also across the
Painted Desert, toward Hopi Land, and along the Desert Palisades
to the mouth of the Little Colorado. At sunset and sunrise it is a
glorious sight. For that reason one preferably should arrange to
stay overnight — a camping trip elswhere referred to. One and one-
half miles west of Desert View is Lipan Point, affording an excellent
view of this whole re^on.

New Summer Trips by AutomobUe to the Navajo and Hopl Indian Reservatkma
via the Navalu^ Road

Maj/ 1 to Oddber SI
Thip No. 4 — One day.

Automobiles leave EI Tovar and Bright Angel Cottages at 7^0
a. m. daily. Route is via Desert View Road to Trash Dam, thence
through the Coconino Basin to a point overlooking the canyon of the
Little Colorado. The road then follows the Little Colorado due east
and the first stop is made at a newly discovered petrified forest,
where some 30 or 40 trees, some larger than any living tree in Arizona,
may be seen. Next stop is at the Navajo Indian trading post at
Cameron. This is the western outpost of the Navajo Reservation
and is 75 miles from the nearest railroad. The little Colorado River
is crossed at this point by way of the steel suspension bridge 660 feet
long, and the route follows the main road across the Painted Desert
to Tuba City, where the headquarters of the Navajo Indian agent
are located. Some 400 Indian children are seen at well-equipped
Grovemment schools here. The Hopi village of Moenkopi is next
visited, where the visitor has a glimpse of Indian life almost un-
touched by white civilization. Return to Grand- Canyon is over same
route, arriving at hotels between 7 and 8 p. m. same day. Train con-
nections are not guaranteed. This trip provides a unique opportunity
to visit the well-known but little seen Navajo and Hopi Indian
Reservations at a minimum of expense. Round trip, 159 miles.
Rates, $16 per passenger — all expense. Minimum of on« or more
fares.

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GBAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK' 57

COMBINATION TICKETS

Tickets combining trips Nos. 1 and 3 may be purchased for $9, a
reduction of $2.

Tickets combining trips Nos. 1, 3, and 4 may be purchased for %'22,
a reduction of $5.

These two tickets will be sold at the Grand Canyon only from May
15 to October 30 each year. Unless tickets are purchased, the full
rates for the three drives mentioned will be charged.

SPEaAL SUMMER TRIPS BY AUTOMOBlLe

These trips depend upon condition of the roads and may be at
times discontinued.

Bass's Cahp, 30 miles, and Hatasufai Point, 1 mile beyond. Bate,
$11 — all expense. Minimum of four fares.

Yavapai Point. — This drive extends 2 miles east of El Tovar.
Rate, $1. Minimum of four fares.

Authorized, rates for spe(Aal-car servUie

l,2.or3

persons

$12

«6
40

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Tuba City and Moenkopl — one daj (regular rate, S16). — Special car requires
purchase of a minimnBi of five seats, Irrespective of number of passengers.

Should the demand for regular-trip drives be so heavy as to require
use of all autos available, special autos may be discontinued.

CHARTERED AUTOMOBILE SERVICE

Six-passenger touring cars may be chartered for service within the
park or elsewhere on routes not covered by scheduled transportation
service at the rate of 35 cents per car-mile.

RATES FOR CHIU>REN

On all motor trips there is no charge for children under 6 years
of age.

From the ages of 6 to 11 the charge is one-half fare.
All children over 11 years of age are charged full fare.

Garage Sendee
There is at Grand Canyon a large stone garage with ample facili-
ties for repairing and supplying automobiles. The rate for storage
of automobiles is 75 cents per day.

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68 GEAND CANTOK NATIONAL PABK

Charget

Oarage storage |ft. 75

Washing car 8. 00

Regular mechanical labor, per boor 1. 75

Welding, mechanic's time {material extra), per hour 2.00

Electrical labor, per hour 2. 00

Latbe work, mecbaolc's time, per hour 2. 00

Charging battery 1. 50

Chai^Dg battery overnight 1.00

Filling and testing battery , ,25

ROADSniE WOBK

Tmck and drlTlng mechanic going to car on road when no towing la

done, per mile , 40

Ronnd trip plus mechanical labor for time worked on car, per honr-j. 1. 50

lOWIRO CABS

For truck and driver, per mile towed, going Included, per mile 1. 00

When extra mechanic is required, his time starts from the time he leaves

the garage and ends with his return, per hour 1, 60

A tow-car order stands undl canceled by party ordering same.

Time and a half to be charged for mechanical labor after 5 p. n
per hour

Overtime for driver of truck on tow Job after 5 p. m., per ho

BUND&Y WORK

An extra rate will be charged for mechanical labor o
per hour

TRAIL TRIPS

NoTB. — The Bright Angel Trail la owoed by Coconino County, and a toll of $1
la charged by the county for eacb saddle animal using this trail.

Bright Anget TrcM. — The trail here is generally open the year
round. In midwinter it is liable to be closed for a day or two at the
top by sn,ow, but such blockade is not frequent. The trail reaches
from the hotel 6^ miles to the Colorado River, with a branch ter-
minating at the top of the granite wall immediately overlooking the
river. At this latter point the stream is 1,272 feet below, while El
Tovar Hotel on the rim is 3,158 feet above. The trip is made on
mule back, accompanied by a guide.

Those wishing to reach the river leave the main trail at Indian
Garden and follow the downward course of Indian Garden and Pii>6
Creeks.

Starting time, 8.30 a. m. and 9.15 a. m, for the river trip, 6^4
miles; return to rim 5 p. m. Bate, $6 each perspn. Leave Id

ORAND CANYON NATIONAL PARE 59

a. m. for trip to plateau, 5 miles; rate, $5 each. Fop special trips
with less than three persons there is a party charge of $5 extra for
guide. Lunch extra, except for El Tovar room guests. One dollar
of above rate is for toll on Bright Angel Trail, which is owned by
Coconino Coun,ty.

It is necessary that visitors who walk down Bright Angel Trail
and dedre that guide and mules be sent to meet them be charged
full price and special guide fee of $5, This is unavoidable, as tlie
mutes and guides are not available for any other trip.

Two-day trip. Hermit Trail, stopping at Hermit Cabins over-
night. — Time, two days and one night. Hermit Road by auto.
Down Hermit Trail, stay overnight at Hermit Cabins; go to river at
mouth of Hermit Creek; return up Hermit Trail to rim; thence to
El Tovar over Hermit Rim Road. Trips leave El Tovar and Bright
Angel Cottages at 9.30 a. m. and return next afternoon. Rates,
$18, all expense, each person, including guide, overnight accommo-
dations, and meals en route-and at Hermit Cabins. Private guide,
$5 per day extra.

Herrmt-Tonto-Bright Angel Loop. — This trip takes two days and
one night. Hermit Rim Road to head Hermit Trail; down Hermit
Trail; stay overnight at Hermit Cabins; go to river foot of Hermit
Creek; return along Tonto Trail to Indian Garden; thence up Bright
Angel TraiL

Start from El Tovar or Bright Angel Cottages at 9.30 a. m. and
return next afternoon. Round-trip charge is $19, all expense, for
each person; private guide is $5 a day extra; rate quoted includes
regular guide, overnight accommodations, and meals en route. One
dollar of above charge is -for toll on Bright Angel Trail, which is
owned by Coconino County.

Two-day Phantom Ranch trip. — Over new Yaki Point section of
Kaibab Trail both ways, crossing Kaibab Suspension Bridge. All
expense, $22 per person. If the party desires to return via Bright
Angel Trail, $1 extra per person is charged. This amount represents
toll collected by Coconino County for use of the Bright Angel Trail
by all mounted parties. Start is made from El Tovar Hotel and
Bright Angel Cottages at 9.30 a. m.

Three-day trip to RoaHng Springs via Ribbon FaJUs. — Leave 9.80
a. m. Down Yaki' Point section of Kaibab Trail, crossing the Colo-
rado River by Kaibab Suspension Bridge, and reaching Phantom
Ranch early afternoon. Overnight at Phantom Ranch. Following
morning by way of Kaibab Trail in Bright Angel Canyon, 5% miles
to Ribbon Falls, beautiful clear waterfall in the form of a crystal
ribbon shedding its waters on a natural rock altar in the midst of a

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60 QBAKD CAKYON NATIONAL PASE

verdant amphitheater and on to Roaring Springs, a beautiful series
of cascades. Box lunch at falls and return to Phantom Ranch for
overnight. On third day the return to El Tovar completes a never-
to-be-forgotten experience. The all-expense rate for this trip is $33
per person. Parties desiring to return via Bright Angel Trail must
pay $1 extra per person. This amount represents toll collected by
Coconino County for use of the Bright Angel Trail by each mounted
person.

Four-day Hermit Cabins, Phcmtonb Ramch, Rthbon, F<Ms, Roaring
Springs trip, retvming via Yaki Point aeetion Ka^ab TraH. — First
day, Hermit Rim Road to Hermit Trail by motor ; down Hermit Trail
by muleback to Hermit Creek Cabins. Second day, Tonto and Kaibab
Trails to Phantom Ranch. Third day, Ribbon Falls and Roaring
Springs, returning to Phantom Ranch. Fourth day, EI Tovar Hotel
and Bright Angel Cottages over Yaki Point section Kaibab Trail.
All-expense trip, $40 per person. Leave El Tovar Hotel and Bright
Angel Cottages, 9.30 a. m.

Five-day trip across Grand Canyon to Kmbdb Natiojud Forest on
north rim. — This combines an instructive and interesting excursion
across the whole width of the Grand Canyon, from rim to rim,
with a visit to the Kaibab National Forest. This beautiful virgin
forest is the home of thousands of deer and the haunt of the moun-
tain lion and the bobcat. Starting from the south rim, the round
trip is made in five days, including one day spent in the forested
section. The route is by the Yaki Point section of the Kaibab Trail,
across the Kaibab Suspension Bridge to Phantom Ranch; thence
along the Kaibab Trail and up Bright Angel Canyon to Wylie Way
Camp at Bright Angel Point on the north rim. On the return,
Roaring Springs and Ribbon Falls visited en route. For those who
may wish to spend some time in the Kaibab Forest, saddle stock and
camping outfits are available at Wylie Way Camp. Rate, all expense,
except personal accommodations at Wylie Way Camp, $61 per person
for the five-day trip. Wylie Way Camp, $6 per day extra. For full
particulars and advance reservations address Manager, Transporta-
tion Department, The Fred Harvey Co., Grand Canyon, Ariz. Those
desiring to return from Phantom Ranch via Bright Angel Trail are
charged $1 per person extra to cover toll collected by Coconino
County for use of Bright Angel Trail.

Two-day trip across Grand Canyon to Kaibab National Foreitt
on north *wi, one way only. — Overnight stop at Phantom Ranch.
All expense, trip, $46. Although only two days are spent on this
trip, the visitor must pay for the time required to take the mules
back to the south rim. Hence the charge made for guide and
mules is on the basis of four days.

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OBAND CANYOK NATIONAL. PABE 61

Dripping Spring. — This trip is made on horseback all the way, via
Hennit Rim Koad, to the head of Hermit Trail, down Hermit Trail
to Dripping Spring, returning to El Tovar and Bright Angel
through the forest; starts at 8.30 a. m. Sate, $5 each for three or
more persons ; for less than three persons, $5 extra for guide. Pri-
vate parties of one or more persons, $o extra for guide. Lunch extra.

Note. — ^No toll la charged for use of any trail owned by tbe National Park

Saddle Horses

Recently many new bridle patlis along the rim and through the
pines of Tusayan have been opened up, so that horseback riding now
is possible for all. The animals are well trained and dependable.
Saddle horses cost $5 a day, or $3 a half day. English, McClellan,
Whitman, or western stock saddles furnished as requested. Side-
saddles not provided. Rates quoted include, for parties of three or
more, the services of a guide. For parties of less than three who
desire a guide the rat« is $5 a day, or $2.50 a half day. Horseback
trips over any of the trails into the canyon are only permitted when
accompanied by guide. This is necessary to avoid risk in meeting
trail parties and pack trains.

There are several interesting foot trails near Grand Canyon village.
Information as to these may be obtained at the superintendent's
office.

INDEPENDENT CAMPING TRIPS

Independent camping trips with pack and saddle animals are
organized, completely equipped, and placed in charge of experienced
guides.

The following rates are quoted for trips of 10 days or more ; special
arrangements may be made for trips of less than 10 days :

Coat per day
perperaoD
1 persoD $27. 00

Bates include complete camping equipment, except provisions.

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62 OBAND CANTON NATIONAL PAEK

Havasu Canyon imd Maoasaipai vtUage. — This is tihe most popular
camping trip. The best time to make it is from May to October.
A journey of about 50 miles; first by auto 35 miles across a timbered
plateau, then on horseback down Topocobya Trail along Topocobya
and Havasu Canyons, to the home of the Havasupai Indians.

The home of this little band of 200 Indians is in Havasu Canyon, a
tributary of the Grand Canyon, deep down in the earth two-fifths of
a mile. The situation is romantic and the surroundings are beautified
by falls of water over precipices several hundred feet high, backed by
grottos of stalactites and stalagmites. This water all comes from
springs that gush forth in surprising volume near the Havasupai
village.

The ba^ets made by the Havasupai women consist of the burden
basket, a shallow tray, and a water bottle of willow. Those made by
the older weavers are of fine mesh, with attractive designs, and bring
. good prices. Havasupai means people of the blue water. Padre
Garces was the first white man to visit their canyon home. In early
days the Havasupais undoubtedly were cliff dwellers. They built
nearly all the Grand Canyon trails, or rather their rude pathways
were the advance guard of the present trails. Their summer homes
resemble those of the Apaches, The winter homes afford more pro-
tection against the weather.

The round trip from El Tovar is made in five days.

RAINBOW BRIDGE

During the past year another of the great natural wonders of
America has been made available to the Grand Canyon visitor. This
is the interesting Rainbow Bridge. Although its existence has been
known for 18 years, it is estimated that only about 600 white persons
have ever seen this inspiring sight, as a hard two we^s' trip by pack
train was necessary to reach it. Now autos can be driven to a point
within 18 miles, and the remaining distance can be made in a two-day
pack trip.

The route of the trip is by auto via the Navahopi Road, Cameron
Bridge, Painted Desert, Tuba City, Red Lake, Navajo Canyon, and
Rainbow Lodge. By horseback it is over a spectacular trail, travers-
ing hitherto impassable country to Bridge Canyon, where this wonder
is found.

The all-expense rate for this trip is $214 for one person, $276 for
two ; $338 for three ; $400 for four, and $462 for five.

In case private motorists intend to make the trip in their own cars,
they should inquire at the Government information office before
starting.

The road is an average desert road.

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OBAND CANYON NATIONAL PAEE 63

The Rainbow Bridge is a national monument adminiEtered by Uie
National Park Service.

THE NORTH RIM
Auto Stage Tmuportattoi frmn Utah Points

The north rim of the Grand Canyon National Park is reached from
Cedar City, Utah, on the Union Pacific system, and from Marysvale,
Utah, on the Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad, by automobiles
operated by the Utah Parks Co., Cedar City, Utah.

Special all-expense tours are offered combining visits to Zion Na-
tional Park, Pipe Spring National Monument, Cedar Breaks, and
Bryce Canyon National Monument. These tours leave Cedar City
daily from June 1 to October 16,

AUTHORIZED BATES

From Cedar City, Utah : '

Five-day toor of Zicm National Park, Pipe Spring Natlwal MoDa-
mrat. Grand Canyon Netlcmal Park <nortli lim), Ealbab Foreet,
Kanab, Bryce Canyoo National Monument, and Cedar Breaks;
fare for automobile transportation and 13 meals and 4 nlgbta'

lodgings $86. 75

nve-day tour of Cedar Breaka, Bryce Canyon National Monu-
ment, Eauab, Grand Canyon National Park (north rim), Kalbab
Forest, Pipe Spring National Monument, and ZIon National Park;
fare for automobile transportation and 13 meals and 4 nights'
lodgings 86.78

Frtmi Marysvale, Utah :

Two-day tour to Bryce Canyon operated for one or more full fares ;

automobile fare only 20.00

For goli^ trip automobile may have to be s^t from Bryce Canycm, and rea-

MHiable notice must be given to the Utah Parks Co. lodge at Bryce Canyon.

Parties availing tbemselves of this tour may Join other tonrs which are operated

from Bryce Canyon. The fare from Bryce Canyon to Grand Canyon and return

will be $SS; frmn Bryce Canyon to Zion National Park and return via Cedar

City will be 936.

Parties arriving at the south rim of the Grand Canyon National
Park via the Santa Fe lines and desiring to cross from the south rim
to the north rim and then visit Kaibab Forest, Zion National Park,
and leave Cedar City via the Union Pacific system or desiring to
make the trip in the opposite direction may arrange to do so. The
cross-canyon trip requires two days and is made by horseback. The
first night is spent at Phantom Ranch, in the bottom of the canyon,
and the Wylie Way Camp on Bright Angel Point on the north rim
or El Tovar Hotel on the south rim is reached the following after-
noon. The all-expense cost of the two days' cross-canyon trip is
$46 per person. The Utah Parks Co. must be notified in advance to

a must be made tn adfiince wltb the Utah Parks Co, C«daE

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64 QBAND CANYON NATIONAL PABK

meet parties of a minimum of three at the north rim. Arrangements
for the cross-canjon trip should be made in advance.
From Cedar City, Utah :

Tbree-day tour of Otand Canyon National Fatk (nortli rlm> via
Zlou National Park, one-way tour; fare for automobile tnuupoiy

tatloD and 6 meals and 2 nights' lodgtn'KB 149: T6

Three-day tour of Grand Canyon National Park (north rim) via
Bryce CauyoD, one-way tour ; fare for automobile transportation

and fl meals and 2 nights' lodgiDga 51. 50

Childr«i under 12 years of age, one-half fare. Forty ponndB of baK&e^ ■>"
full-fare tickets ; excess baggage nlll be charged for at rate of S cents per pound.

In connection with these automobile trips the following aide trips
are available for passengers coming to the north rim in the stages of
the Utah Parks Co. :
Bright Aagel Camp to Cape Boyal and return, vex paseenger $(1. 00

Antofl can only reach within 2^ miles of Cape BoyaL Id cffder for pas-
sengers to actually reach this point a walk of about 5 miles is necessary.
Bri^t Aagel Camp to Point Sublime and return, per passenger, minimum

5 persons fO. 00

Slde-trlp ticket from Bright Ang^ Cauv to Cape Boyal and return when
included in regular Interpark tour Is sold at q>eclal rate of f3 per passenger.

Special Auto Sendee

Arrangements also can be made with Harold Bowman, of Kanab,
Utah, during the calendar year 1927 for special automobiles from
Marysvale, Utah, to Bryce Canyon, nortii rim of the Grand Canyon
National Park, and other scenic points and return to starting point
at following rates :

Special cars carrying four persons for 50 cents per mile and cars
carrying six persons for 60 cents per mile, these cars to be operated
at the pleasure of the occupants as to distance traveled each day
and as to places Tinted, with the proviso that a minimiini charge
will be made for 20 miles in any one day whether traveled or not.
Twenty-five pounds of free baggage will be allowed each person;
excess baggage will be charged for at the rate of 10 cents per pound.

Wylle Way Camp

On the north rim at Bright Angel Point, situated in a shady grove
of pines, is the Bright Angel Camp, consisting of a central dining
tent, assembly tent, and comfortable sleeping tents electrically
lighted ; everything is spotlessly clean. Camp is open from June 1 to
September 30, inclusive. There are accommodations for about 75
people.

Authorized rate at Bright Angel Camp, American plan, per per-
son, per day, $6.

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QBAND CANYON NA'IIONAli PAEK 65

8AIH>LE-HOI(8B TBIPS

Arrangements may be made at the Bright Angel Camp for saddle-
horse trips to various points of interest on the north rim and in the
canyon. Time required and rates are as follows :

Side trips and rates therefor from Bright Angel Camp, Bright
Angel Point:

To jKrfnt Imperial sod retura 1 day.

To RoarioB Springs aod return 1 day.

To PhantMn Ranch and return 2 days.

To Cape Royal and return 2 days.

To Dutton Point, Powell Platean, and return days.

To Thunder River and return 8 days.

Pack Camp Is required for tbe trips to Cape Royal, Dnttrai Point, and
TImnder River.

Saddle borses for trips on tbe N<H'tb Rim, $3 each per day; mounted gnlde
for North Rim tripe, $5 per day.. For overnight tripe one or more pack borses
must ac<»mpQny tbe party. Persons making tliese trips must provide t)eddlng-
and provlslooB.

AtttKorieed rates for trips into timer ca»f/on

1-day trip to Roaring Springs 16.00

2-day trip to Phantom Ranch 16.00

Above trips are for a minimum of two fares. For one fare the charge Is
Increased $5 per day for guide.

4-day trip to South Rim $40.00

5-day trip to South Rim 1 49.00

Above trips are for transportation only, and do not Include subsistence.

Authorized rates for Independent camping trips on north rim with pack and
saddle animals and accompanied by experienced guide are as follows :

1 person, per day $27. 00

2 persons, per day, each 20. 00

3 persons, per day, each 15.00

4 persons, per day, each 14. 00

5 persons, per day, each 18.00

6 persons, per day, each 12.00

7 persons, per day, each 11. 00

Above rates apply tor trips of five days or more and Include everything ex-
cept provisions. Special arrangements may be made for trips of lees than
five days.

DERIVATION OF NAMES USED ON GRAND CANYON MAPS

While some of them are purely descriptive, many commemorate
scientists, explorers, Indian tribes, leaders of religion, mythologic
and romantic personages. Aztec and Indian terms occur and the
origin of a few names is unknown.

Alsroon Terrace. — Spanish navigator, first to ascend tbe Colorado Blver.

Apaohe Point.— Name of a lai%e Indian tribe of Arizona and New Mexico
region which was untiring in raiding and depredating both Pueblos and whites,

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66 QBAND CANTON NATIONAL PASK

Apollo Temple. — Tlie son of JTuplter and brottm- of Dlasa, god of tlie sim in
Boman and Greek mythology.

Awatabl Crest— Awatubi, village of the Hopi Indians mi the Painted Desert,
destroyed in 1770.

Astee AmpUtheater. — Oeneral name for all Nahua tribes in Mexico at tineot
Cortez.

Bail Camp. — Owned by one of tbe pioneer eettlerg.

Beale Point. — Army ofBcer who surveyed first road acroBs the Arizona Platean.

Brahma Temple.— In the Hindu triad Brabma was the evolver of the miveree,
l^shnn the redeemer, Siva or Shiva the destroyer.

Bnddha Temple.— The title of Siddhartha, founder of Bnddhlsm in fifth ces-
tnry B. C.

Cardenas Butte. — Member of Goronado'a party and the first white man to see
the Grand Canyon.

Cartor Temple. — Castor and Pollux wexe inseparable brothers In Greek
mythology.

Centeotl Point. — ^Probably an Aztec deity.

Chemnhnevl Point. — The southernmost of the Pinto Tribe in Lower California.

Cheop's Pyramid.- An Egyptian king of the fourth dynasty, builder of the
famoua pyramid at Glzeh.

Chnas Butte and Creek. — Name of Indian ciilef.

Cocopa Point.— A tribe of Yuma Indians living on the Colorado River.

Coconino Platean. — A name sometimes used for the Havasupa), who original!;
occupied much of the Arizona Plateau.

Comaaohe Point— Plains Indians from farther east whose raids were greatly
feared by the Pueblos.

Confnclns Temple. — The (Siineee philosopher who tau^t practical morality.
Lived in fourth century B. C.

Conquistador Aisle. — Spanish for " conqueror." The conqulstadorea were espe-
cially the members of Coronado's expedition.

Cope Butte.— B. D. Cope, 1840-1897. A great American naturalist, spedaiizlDg
in fossil animals.

CoTonado Butte. — In 1540 Coronado ted the great Spanish expedition that
penetrated as far as Kansas.

Dana Batte.- James D. Dana, 1813~I895. Noted professor of geology at Yale
for many years.

Barwin Platean. — C. D. Darwin, famous SSngilsh naiturallat fonnder of Da^
winian theory of evolution.

Beva Temple. — Divine epithet, applied commonly to goddess Durga, wife ef
Shiva of the Hindu triad.

Be Vaoa Terrace. — Cabeza De Vaca was shipwrecked on the Gulf coast and
wandered for eight years among Indians before reaching a Spanish settlemeDt.

Blana Temple.— Roman goddess of the moon, sister to Apollo and daughter of
Jupiter.

Drnmmond Plateau.— Henry Drummond, 1851-1887, A famous Scottish reli-
gions writer.
■ Button Point.- MaJ. 0. B. Dutton, United States Army, who wrote for the
Government a monograph on the Grand Canyon.

Elaine Castle.— The lily maid of Astolat In Tennyson's poem, " The Idylls ot
the King."

Esoalante Bntte. — A Spanish missionary who crossed the Arizona FlateBo
in 1775.

Ezcalibar.^Tlie magical sword of King Arthur of the Bound Table.

Hske Butte.— John Fisfce, 1843-lWl. American philosopher.

GEAND CANTON NATIONAL PAHK 67

Prejm Caitle. — In ScandiiiaTlBn mytbology Freya Is tbe goddeas of love and
womanly goodness.

Qalahad Caitle. — ^The purest knight of tbe Ronnd Table, featured In "Tbe
10; lis of tbe King."

Qaroei Terraee. — A Frandscan wbo Journeyed to tbe Hopl country in 1776.

Oairafn Abysi. — Gawaln the courteous, one of the principal knlgbta of the
Round Table.

Oelkle leak. — Sir Archibald Qetkle, many years director British Geological
Sarvey.

Qnlnerere Caitle. — The vife of King Arthur of the Bonnd Table.

Gunther Castle. — The Burgundlan king of the Nibelungen ^ic, husband of
Brannbilde.

Hanoe Creek. — John Hance, a local character and pioneer.

HaTBinpal Point, — This tribe, formerly occupying Arizona Plateau, now live
in Havasu Canyon about 60 miles from El Tovar.

Holy Orall Temple. — ^The cup used at tlie Last Supper, which the order of the
Round Table was Instituted to protect.

Horns, Temple ef. — In Egyptian mythology the son of Osiris and Ms, prin-
cipal deities.

Hepl Point. — The Hopis, sometimes called the Moquis, have maintained vil-
lages overlooking the Painted Desert since long before the Spanish Invasion
OC1D40.

Xonnt Hnethewali. — Indian word for observation point.

Hnxley Terrace.— Famous English biologist, 1823-1895.

Isis Temple. — Principal female deity of Egypt, wife of Osiris, mother of
Horns, and sometimes called " the daughter vl Ra."

Ivea' Point. — Lieut. Joseph C. Ivee. United States Army, the leader of Colo-
rado River exidoratlon, 1857 and 1858.

Jlcartllo Point.— An Apache Tribe of nortbeastem New Mexico, cruel raiders.

June Temple. — Wife and sister of Jupiter, queen of heaven In Roman
mytbol(«y.

Jupiter Temple. — Tbe supreme deity of the Roman&

Kalbab Plateau. — Piute word meaning moiuMaln lying down.

King Crest. — Clarence King was the first director of the United States
Oeolc^cal Survey.

King Arthnr Cattle. — A British chieftain of the ^zth century, who with his
knights of the Round Table has inspired romances galore.

Krlilina Shrine. — lo Hindu mythology Krishna is tbe name of the eighth of
the ten incarnations of the supreme god Vishnu. The ninth was In the form
of Buddha ; the tenth Is still to come.

Kwagnnt Bntte and Creek. — Pn^ably a Shoshonean name.

Lancelot Point. — ^A knight of the Ronnd Table, featured In Tennyson's poem,
"Idylls of the King."

Leeonte Platean. — Josextb LeOonte was professor of geology In the University
of CaUfornla for over 30 years ; died 1901.

Llpan Point. — An Apache Tribe.

Z^ell Butte. — Sir Charles Lyeli was a famous English geologist

Kana Temple. — A Sanskrit word meaning " men," one of 14 demiurgic beings
each of whom presided over a period of race progression. Mann Valvasvata,
the sun-born, is the mann of the present race of beings,

Kareo* Terraee. — Fray Marcos de Niza led the first expedition Into our
country from Mexico In 1639 as far as Zuni. His accounts inspired Coro-
nado'B exploration.

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68 QE&ND CANTON NATIONAL PARK

X&rioopa Point — A. tribe of Yuma ladlana who moved from Colorado River
to 30^ the Plmaa.

Kanb Bntte. — 0. O. l^rab, tlie paleontologist, wbo made a specialty of
extinct animals.

Kenelu Temple. — The Latin name of the ChiDeae philosopher, Meng; an early
Gonfodan.

][«rlln Abyit. — A semllegenilarf character of the fifth centnry who flgures in
Tennyson's " Idylls of the King."

Keioalero Point — An Apache Tribe that roamed prindpaUy in New M^Jco.

Klmbreao Point — An Apache Tribe taking Its name from the Himbres Moun-
tains In New Mexico.

Kodred Abyis.— ^Tbe tteacbetona uepbew of King Artbnr, King of the Round
Table.

MobBTe Point— A Tuma Tribe living In vicinity of Needles. Calif.

Montetnma Point.— Montezuma, 147&-lte0, rnled the Asrtecs at the Hme of
the Spanish conquest He was r^arded by later Indians as a deity.

Koran Pdnt.— The artist who was with Major Pow^l, surveying Colorado
Blver country in 1873,

Hatehl Point.— A noted Apache warrior.

Havaho Point — Nomadic Indians of the plateau region who maintained a
long warfare against Pueblos and whites.

Hewb«rry Point and Bntte. — J. S. Newberry, geologist with Ives' espeditlon
to the canyon. Long-time professor Columbia College. New Tork City.

Newton Bntte. — Sir Isaac Newton, 1642-1727, famous English physicist who
discovered law of gravitation.

Ollelll Bntte. — Arizona politician, once governor.

Oilrii. — Chief Egyptian ddty of good, the principle of good closely associated
with Ra.

Papago Point — A branch tribe of Pima Indians of aonthem Arizona r^on.

Ptma Point. — Popular name of tribes llvli^ In the vall^s of OUa and Salt
Rivers, Ariz.

Pinal Point. — An Apache tribe.

Piute Point, — A name applied to many Sbosbonean Tribes, bnt perhaps be-
longs properly only to those living in southwestern Utah.

Pollax Temple. — The devoted brother of Castor, In the Greek legends.

Powell Plateau. — Ma]. J. W. Powell made the first expedition down the Colo-
rado River In 1869. Subsequently director of the United States Geological tjar-
vey and the Bureau of Ethnol(^y.

Quetzal Point — An Aztec word dgnlfylng a bird of Iridescence.

Ba, Tower of. — The Egyptian sun god, type of supreme deity, always vic-
torious.

Bans Shrine. — ^Htndn word for prince.

S^ttarlni Bl^re- — A zodiac constellation visible In southern United States
In summer. Latin word signifying "Archer."

Scorpion Bldge. — One of the constellations of the 7/iAIbc.

Soylla Bntte. — The promontory at the entrance of the strait between Italy
and Sicily, around which ancient mariners feared t<i go.

Set, Tower of. — The brother or son of Osiris and his deadly enemy in Hlmlu
tnytholi^y.

Shaler Plateau. — An American geolc^st long-time professor at Harvard
University.

Sheba Temple. — Tbe andent capltol of the Sebaeans In Arabia, whose queen
visited Solomon.

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OBAND CANTON NATIONAL PARK 69

SMnnmo Creek. — Name applied by Powell to the Hopl confeiteracy.

SMva Temple. — The aveoglug associate of Brabma and Vialmu In mllng tbe
nniverse, now the most popular Hlnda god.

Stnyella, Mount. — Judge Slnyella, Indian chief, bom 1853, has alwa3>s re-
sided on the Havasupai Indian Reservation. Living in 1923.

Solomon Temple. — Solomon. 1033-975 B. C., son of Davtd and Bathaheba, king
of the Jews.

Spencer Terrace. — Herbert Spencer, 1^0-1903, a dlsHngulahed English
philosopher,

Snpal Formation.— The colloquial name of the Havasupal, a small tribe now
otcupying. Havasu Canyon,

Thompson Toint. — ^A. H. Thompson, brother-in-law of Major Powell, who
accompanied him tn his famoos boat trip down the canyon.

Thor Temple. — Second principal Norse deity, god of thunder, son of Odin, the
supreme being, and Jordh, the earth.

Tiyo Point. — Indian name.

Torar Terraoe. — Pedro de Tovar was sent by Goronado In 1540 to inspect the
Hopl villages where he learned of the existence of the Grand Canyon.

Tolteo Point. — The Toltecs were either an early tribe of the Aztecs or a people
that preceded them on the Mexican Plateau.

Tonto Platform. — Spanish word " tool " applied to Indians of Arizona plateau,
especially to the Apache Mohave.

lopooobya Trail.— A Havasupal word, " To-po-co-bah," meaning "where the
water comes down."

TTHdall Dome. — John Tyndall, 1820-1SB3, a famous BritlA phyeddst.

Vukar Creek.— A Pal Dte word, meaning " red creek."

Venus, Temple of. — ^The Roman goddess of beauty and love.

Testa, Temple of.— The Roman goddess of the hearth in whose honer the
Vestal Virgins kept tbe symbolic fire burning.

Tlshnu Temple and Creek.- In Hindn mythology the associate of Brahma and
Shiva who was the redeemer of the nulTerse.

Walhalla Plateau. — ^The great tiall of the Scandinavian gods, the warriors'
heaven of the Vikings.

Wallace Butte.— An English explorer and natorallst and authority on natural
selection.

Wbeeler Point. — Qen. George M. Wheeler, United States Army, in charge of
surveys west of one-hundredth meridian in 1872-1879.

Taki Point — Probably a version of the name of the Taquis, the unconquerable
tribe of n<«tbwestem Mexico.

Tavapal Point.— These Indians are commonly known as the Apache Mohave,
formerly roaming central Arizona.

Tuma Point — Great family of Indians of several tribes in lower Colorado
r^OB. Called themselves Kwichana.

Zoroaster Temple. — Founder of the andent religion now represented by the
Guebers and Parsees of Persia and India.

Znnl Point.— ^The Zimi pueblo south of Gallup, N. Mex., is the remnant of the
historic Seven Citl% of Cibola.

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Full text of "Rules and Regulations, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona ...: 1920[-1927]."

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