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Notes  and  Queries,  July  30,  191.  A 


NOTES      AND      QUERIES: 


of  Intercommunication 


FOE 


LITERARY    MEN,     GENERAL    READERS,     ETC. 


'When  found,  make  a  note  of." — CAPTAIH  CUTTLE. 


TENTH     SERIES.— VOLUME     I. 

JANUARY — JUNE,  1904. 


LONDON: 

PUBLISHED   AT  THE 

OFFICE,     BREAM'S     BUILDINGS,     CHANCERY     LANE,     E.C. 
BY  JOHN  0.  FKANCIS. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30, 1! 


OEG151965 


1031145 


AO 

305 
N7 

ser.  10 


NOTES    AND    QUERIES: 

%  0U5tum  of  lutenommuutation 

FOB 

LITERARY    MEN,    GENERAL    READERS,    ETC. 

"When  found,  make  a  note  of." — CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


LONDON,  SATUUDAY,  JANL'ARY  S,  190/,. 


CONTENTS.-No.  1. 

UOTBS  :— The  Tenth  Series— Marlowe  and  Shakespeare.  1 
— Horn  and  the  '  Incendium  Divini  Amoris,'  2— French 


in  Italian —  Aucung  uuuu  ou  iujui\y  — WFMUMU  isiuw, 
-1— "  Sit  loose  to  "— "  Yaws  "—Dr.  Bright's  Epitaph— Horn 
Dancing— Mrs.  Corney— History  "made  in  Germany,"  5 
— "Coup  de  Jarnac"— Somerset  Dialect— Tacitus  ann  the 
'  Gesta  Romanorum '— "  Lombard  "— "  Kinging  for  Gofer  " 
—"  Magsman  "—Shakespeare  Allusion— Railway  Relic  - 
Green,  6. 

QUERIES  :— Sadler's  Wells  Play  alluded  to  by  Wordsworth 
—Milestones— Fellows  of  the  Clover  Leaf— '  Astrwa  Vic- 
trix'— Speech  by  Earl  of  Sussex— Mayers'  Song,  7 -Right 
Hon.  E.  Southwell— Francis  Hawes :  Sir  T.  Leman— 
•"Ample"—  Quesnel— "  Virtue  of  necessity  "— "Om  ga" 
— "  Not'all  who  seem  to  fail  "—Council  of  Constance,  8— 
Ejected"  Priests  —  "  Don't  shoot"  —  Bagshaw  —  "  From 
whence"— "Going  the  round  "  — Marriage  Registers— 
Interment  in  other  People's  Graves— Bishop  John  Hall, 
9—"  O  come,  all  ye  faithful,"  10. 

REPLIES  :— Lord  Stafford's  French  Wife,  10— "Tatar  "or 
"Tarter,"  11— 'Abbey  of  Kilkhampton,'  12— "Molubdi- 
nous  slowbelly  "—Euchre— Wykehamical  Word  "  Toys  "— 
Island  of  Providence,  13  —  Celtic  Titles  —  Madame  du 
Deffand's  Letters— George  Eliot  and  Blank  Verse,  14— 
•  Practice  of  Piety  '—Jacobin  :  Jacobite— Flaying  Alive- 
Fable  as  to  Child-murder- Queen  Elizabeth  and  New  Hall 
—  Folk-lore  of  Childbirth— Dr.  Pa-kins,  15— '  My  Old  Oak 
Table'— Dr.  Dee's  Mirror,  lH-Orowns  in  Church  Tower  — 
"God's  silly  vassal  "— Beadnell,  17— Epigram  on  Madame 
de  Pompadour— Banns  of  Marriage—"  Papers"—"  Boast  " 
—Birch-sap  Wine,  18. 

7JOTES  ON    BOOKS : —Besant's  'London  in  the  Time  of 
the  Stuarts '— '  The  Blood  Royal  of  Britain  '— '  A  Patience 
Pocket- Book.' 
Notices  to  Correspondents. 


and  the  Editor,  himself  a  veteran,  can  point 
to  a  bodyguard  that  has  served  under  most 
or  all  of  his  predecessors.  That  he  can  with 
absolute  assurance  indicate  any  signature  as 
appearing  in  the  earliest  and  in  the  latest 
volumes  may  not  be  said.  There  are  those, 
however,  whose  work  is  of  frequent  occur- 
rence in  the  First  and  the  Ninth  Series,  and 
will,  it  is  to  be  hoped  and  expected,  be  ex- 
tended to  that  this  week  begun.  We  need 
only  mention  LORD  ALDEXHAM,  MR.  EDWARD 
PEACOCK  (under  various  signatures),  and  MR. 
EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN  as  among  those 
who  virtually  bridge  over  the  period  between 
the  inception  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  and  the  point  it 
has  now  reached.  So  far  as  those  at  the 
helm  are  aware,  the  only  cause  for  regret 
is  the  difficulty  of  stretching  our  pages  so 
as  to  include  all  of  temporary  or  permanent 
value  that  knocks  at  the  door.  Meantime 
the  imitators  and  descendants  of  'N.  &  Q.' 
constitute  a  numerous  and  stalwart  band, 
and  there  are  few  counties  or  districts  the 
folk-lore  or  speech  of  which  is  not  in  course 
of  being  preserved  and  calendared. 

EDITOR. 


THE  TENTH  SERIES. 
IN  congratulating  his   readers    upon  the 
•dawn  of  another  year  and  the  beginning  of 
a  fresh  Series  the  Editor  takes  the  oppor- 
tunity of   pointing   to  the  amount  of  work 
that  has  been  accomplished  during  the  fifty- 
tfive  years  in  which  '  N.  &  Q.'  has  been  before 
the  public.    It  is  impossible  to  calculate  how 
.many  busy   pencils  have  been  occupied  in 
making    the   notes   which,  in  obedience   to 
the  suggestion  of  Capt.  Cuttle,  have  been 
.crystallized    in    his    pages,    or    how    much 
scholarship    has    been    advantaged    by    the 
•habit  of  annotation  which  ha's  been  begotten. 
It  is  now  a  commonplace  to  say  that  no 
-serious  study  can  often  be  conducted  with- 
•out  the  one  hundred  and  odd   volumes  of 
•*  X.  «fe  Q.'  being  constantly  laid   under  con- 
tribution.    Out   of    the    queries  that    have 
^appeared    and    been  answered    books   have 
-been  extracted,  and  there  are  not  wanting 
works  of  reference  which  would  never  have 
•been  attempted    had    the  information  pre- 
served in  our  pages  been  inaccessible.    That 
•the  study  of  antiquities,  like  that  of  the  law, 
is  conducive  to  long  life  is  testified  by  the 
-signatures  still  to  be  found  in  our  pages, 


MARLOWE  AND  SHAKESPEARE. 
A  CAREFUL  perusal  of  the  first  sestiad  of 
' Hero  and  Leander '  reveals  numerous  turns 
of  expression  out  of  the  ordinary,  many  of 
which  were  subsequentl}7  used  by  Shake- 
speare, and  by  him  (usually)  but  once.  I  do 
not  own  any  edition  of  Marlowe's  poem  with 
numbered  lines,  but  the  interested  reader 
will,  I  think,  find  little  difficulty,  as  I  have 
arranged  the  extracts  consecutively  as  they 
occur. 

Ifose-cheektd  Adonis  kept  a  solemn  feast. 

'  Hero  and  Leander.' 
Ro-ie-cheek\l  Adoni-y  hied  him  to  the  chase. 

'  Venus  and  Adonis,'  3. 

Why  art  thou  not  in  lore,  and  loved  of  all  ? 
Though  thou  be  fair,  yet  be  not  thine  own  thrall.. 

'H.  andL/ 

How  lore  makes  young  men  thrall,  and  old  men 
dote.— 'V.  and  A.,'  873. 

And  stole  away  the  enchanted  ya:?r'-,  mind. 

'H.andL.' 
Each  eye  that  saw  him  did  enchant  the  mind. 

'  Lov.  Uomp.,'  1'2S. 

Xor  that  night-wandering,  pale  and  loaiery  >/«/•. 

'  H.  and  L.' 
Nine  changes  of  the  watery  star. 

'Winter's  Tale,'  1.  ii.  1. 

lucens'd  with  savage  heat,  gallop  amain. 

'  H.  and  I,.' 

Sick-thoughted  Venus  makes  amai*<  unto  him. 

'  V.  and  A.,'  .3. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[10th  S.  I.  JAN.  2,  190*; 


lovi  -kindling  fire  to  burn  such  towns  as  Troy.  } 

ti.  and  i~t. 

And  his  love-kindliny  fire  did  quickly  steep. 

Sonnet  elm.  6. 

Thence  flew  Love's  arrow  with  the  golden  head. 

'  H.  and  L. 

S*  golden  arrow  at  him  should  have  fled. 

•A  .  and  A.,   94/. 

S/on'-^iU  he  stood.—' H.  and  L.' 
Stone-still,  astonish'd  with  this  deadly  deed, 
Stood  Collatine.— '  Lucrece,'  1730. 

With  the  Arc  that  from  his  countenance  bla:.ed. 

'  H.  and  L. 

Two  red  fires  in  both  their  faces  blazed. 

'  Lucrece,  13o3. 

For  will  in  us  is  over-ruled  by  fate.—'  H.  and  L.' 
Fate  o'cr-rules.—1  M.N.D.,'  III.  ii.  92. 

What  we  behold  is  censured  by  our  eye*. 

'  H.  and  L. 

Whose  equality  by  our  best  eyes  cannot  be  censured. 
'  King  John,'  II.  i.  328. 

And  Night,  deep  drench'd  in  misty  Acheron. 

'  H.  and  L. 

So  she,  deep  drewhed  in  a  sea  of  care. 

'Lucrece,' 1100. 

And  now  begins  Leander  to  display 
Lore'*  holy  Jure  with  words,  with  sighs  and  tears. 

'  H.  and  L.' 

Which  borrowed  from  this  holy, tire  of  Lore 
A  dateless  lively  heat.— Sonnet  cliii.  5. 

Less  sins  the  poor-rich  man  that  starves  himself. 

'  H.  and  L.' 

That  they  prove  bankrupt  in  this  poor-rich  gain. 

'  Lucrece,'  140. 

And  with  iit'ctfine  broils  the  -world  destroy. 

'H.  and  L.: 
The  mortal  and  intestine  jar*. 

'Comedy  of  Errors,'  I.  i.  11. 

.    One  is  no  number :  maids  are  nothing  then 
Without  the  sweet  society  of  men. — 'H.  and  L.' 
Among  a  number  one  is  reckoned  none. 

Sonnet  cxxxvi.  8. 

A  stream  of  liquid  pearls,  which  down  her  face 
Made  milk-white  paths. — 'H.  and  L.' 
Decking  with  liquid  peart  the  bladed  grass. 

'M.N.I)., 'Li.  211. 

It  will  be  noticed  that  two  of  these  quota- 
tions are  to  be  met  with  in  Sonnet  cliii.,  and 
further,  that  the  most  familiar  line  in  Mar- 
lowe's translation, 

Who  ever  loved  that  loved  not  at  first  sight? 
was  not  only  transferred  in  its  entirety  to 
'  As  You  Like  It,'  but  is  also  to  be  found 
near  the  end  of  Chapman's  '  Blind  Beggar  of 
Alexandria'  in  slightly  different  form  : — 

None  ever  lov'd  but  at  first  sight  they  lov'd. 
As  Chapman's  play  and  the  Marlowe-Chap- 
man translation  almost  certainly  appeared 


some  little  time  before  'As  You  Like  It,'  ] 
am  inclined  to  doubt  the  generally  accepted 
belief  that  Shakespeare  was  alluding  to  Mar- 
lowe rather  than  the  classical  author.  In 
view  of  the  growing  belief  that  Chapman 
was  the  rival  poet,  it  is  possible  that  the 
allusion  was  an  intentional  fling  at  him. 

CHAS.  A.  HERPICH. 
New  York. 

ALEXANDER   HORN   AND   THE    '  INCEN- 

DIUM  DIVINI  AMORIS.' 
FISCHER  in  his  'Essai  sur  les  Monumens- 
Typographiques  de  Jean  Gutenberg '  gives  an 
account  of  several  books  which  were  printed 
at  Mentz,  and  affirms  that  they  were  from 
the  press  of  Gutfenberg  ;  but  this  assertion 
was  completely  disproved  by  Mr.  Hessels  in 
'Gutenberg:  was  he  the  Inventor  of  Print- 
ing 1 '  in  which  he  shows  that  the  early  MS. 
dates  in  some  of  these  books  were  not  worthy 
of  credence.  Here  are  the  titles  of  the  works  :. 
'Sifridvs  de  Arena:  Determinatio  Duaruin 
Qusestionum,'  '  Responsio  ad  Quattuor  Quas- 
tiones  Sifridi  Episcopi  Cirenensis,'  'Dialogue 
inter  Hugonem,  Catonem,  et  Oliverium,' 
'Klage  Antwort  und  Urteil,'  'Tractatus  dn- 
Celebratione  Missarum,'  and  Hermannus  de 
Schildis,  'Speculum  Sacerdotum,'  the  last 
bearing  the  imprint  "  maguntise."  Now  it  is 
very  curious  to  observe  how  one  error  leads 
to  another.  Horn  had  before  him  a  little 
book  called  '  Incendium  Divini  Amoris/ 
printed  in  the  same  types  as  the  above 
mentioned  ;  Horn  accepts  Fischer's  statement 
that  books  in  these  types  were  printed  by 
Gutenberg,  and  then  proceeds  to  make  an 
assertion  of  his  own,  viz.,  tha,t  Gutenberg, 
not  only  printed  the  'Incendium  Divini 
Amoris,'  but  was  also  the  author  of  the  work, 
and  that  the  nun  to  whom  it  is  addressed 
was  his  own  sister.  This  very  copy,  appa- 
rently the  only  one  known,  is  now  in  the 
King's  Library  at  the  British  Museum  with 
Horn's  observations  upon  it,  which  I  here 
transcribe  :— 

Observations  on  the  small  Treatise  in  German  call<-<l 
'Incendium   Divini  Amoris.'    Supposed  to    Im- 
printed and  written  by  John  Guttenbery  to  hi-- 
Sister,  a  JV«j&  of  St.  Clare  at  Mem. 
By  the  deed  of  settlement  between  Guttenberpr. 
his  sister  (a  nun  of  the  Monastery  of  St.  Clara  in 
Menz),  and  his  two   brothers,  dated  1459,  as  dis- 
covered by  Bodman  in  the  archives  of  Meuz,  and 
published  by  Fischer  in  his  essay  '  Sur  les  Monumens 
Typographiques  de  Guttenberg,'  we  are  informed 
that  the  latter  gave  to  the  library  all  the  books 
which  he  had  already  printed,  and  promised  to  add 
all  those  he  was  then  printing  or  might  afterwards 
print,  for  the  benefit  of  the  Abbesse  and  nuns  of 
the  said  monastery,  both  for  the  church  service  and. 
for  their  private  devotion. 


10th  S.  I.  JAN.  2,  1904.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


With  respect  to  the  church  service  he  could 
give  them  nothing  but  Manuals  and  Psalters  or 
Breviaries,  and  for  their  private  use  he  could 
supply  them  with  German  works  of  devotion,  as 
none  of  the  nuns  can  be  supposed  to  understand 
Latin.  The  small  volume  now  before  me  becomes 
on  that  account  a  subject  of  the  highest  importance. 
It  is  printed  in  the  identical  new-discovered  type 
of  the  '  Tractatus  de  Celebratione  Missarum,'  of 
which  a  copy  was  given,  according  to  Fischer,  p.  81, 
to  the  Chart  reux  of  Menz  by  Joannes  a  monte  bona, 
id  est  Guttenberg,  in  the  year  1463.  A  small  book 
in  the  same  type  called  '  Dialogus  inter  Hugonem, 
Cathonem,  et  Oliverium  super  Libertate  Eccle- 
siastica,'  of  which  I  sent  a  copy  to  my  friend  George 
Nicol,  came  to  the  library  of  Stuttgard  on  the 
suppression  of  the  Chapter  of  Comburg,  and  has 
the  date  14C2  in  MS.  upon  it.  As  this  small  book 
has  for  object  to  inflame  the  mind  of  a  nun,  the 
sister  of  the  author,  with  the  spirit  of  divine  love, 
I  do  not  hesitate  to  suppose  Guttenberg  the  author 
and  printer  of  it,  and  what  particularly  comes  in 
to  my  support  is  that  the  language  of  the  abovesaid 
deed  of  settlement  and  that  of  this  small  treatise 
are  entirely  the  same. 

It  is  true  that  in  the  beginning  he  calls  her  sister 
in  Christ,  but  we  must  not  forget  that  a  nun  was 
dead  to  the  world  and  had  no  brothers  ;  however, 
in  the  course  of  the  whole  following  address  he 
simply  calls  her  by  the  name  of  "  niin  Suster,"  and 
the  other  expression  in  the  beginning  was  probably 
only  intended  as  a  kind  of  courtesy.  As  to  the 
copy,  it  appears  to  be  one  of  tke  first  proof-sheets, 
it  being  here  and  there  corrected ;  and  as  it  seems 
to  have  been  only  intended  for  that  monastery,  and 
not  for  sale,  it  is  probable  that  only  a  few  copies 
were  taken  off,  on  which  account,  as  no  other  copy 
has  yet  been  discovered,  it  will  probably  remain 
unique.  ALEXR.  HORX. 

Frankfurt,  the  11th  of  March,  1815. 

Although  one  cannot  agree  with  Horn  that 
Gutenberg  was  both  author  and  printer  of 
this  little  work,  yet  we  are  indebted  to  him 
for  its  discovery  and  for  the  identification  of 
the  types.  S.  J.  ALDRIOH. 

Xe\v  Southgate. 


FRENCH   PROVERBIAL   PHRASES. 

HERE  is  the  first  instalment  of  the  curiosi- 
ties promised  9th  S.  xi.  462. 

En  avoir  dans  Vaile. — This  does  not,  as 
might  be  supposed,  refer  to  being  in  a  similar 
condition  to  a  bird  which,  wounded  in  the 
wing,  cannot  fly,  but  to  being  fifty  years  of 
age.  The  letter  L,  as  every  one  knows, 
stands  for  the  number  50,  and  the  expression 
is  really  a  pun,  according  to  M.  de  la  Mesan 
gere,  whose  '  Dictionnaire  des  Proverbe 
Francais  :  I  have  previously  mentioned. 

Alonger  (allonger)  le  parclumin. — A  phrase 
used  to  express  the  amplification  of  a  story 
and  the  following  lines  (from  'Mote  et 
Sentences  Dorees  de  Maistre  de  Sagesso 
Cathon,'  par  Pierre  Grosnet,  1553)  illustrate 
its  origin  : — 


Xotez,  en  1'ecclise  de  Dieu 
Femmes  ensemble  caquetoyent. 
Le  diable  y  estoit  en  ung  lieu, 
Escripvant  ce  qu'elles  disoyent. 
Son  rollet  plein  de  poinct  en  poinct, 
Tire  aux  dents  pour  le  faire  croistre  : 
Sa  prinse  eschappe  et  ne  tient  poinct ; 
Au  pilier  s'est  heurte  la  teste. 

This  anecdote  may  be  freely  rendered  thus.. 
One  day  some  women  were  chattering  and 
_ossiping  in  church,  and  the  devil  was  there 
also.  He  busied  himself  in  writing  down 
their  conversation,  and  soon  filled  his  roll  of 
parchment.  He  tried  to  stretch  it,  so  as  to 
nake  more  space  to  write  on,  by  pulling  at 
it  with  his  teeth  ;  but  it  broke  from  his  hold, 
and  the  force  he  used  made  him  knock  his 
bead  against  one  of  the  pillars. 

II  est  ban  d'avoir  des  amis  partout. — Tha 
following  epigram  is  based  on  this  proverb:  — 
Une  devote  tin  jour,  dans  line  eglise, 
Offrit  uu  cierge  au  bienheureux  Michel, 
Et  1'autre  au  diable.    "  Oh,  oh,  quelle  meprise  ! 
Mais  c'est  le  diable.    Y  pensez-vous  ?  6  ciel !" 
"  Laissez,"  dit-elle,  "  il  ne  m'importe  gueres, 
11  faut  toujours  penser  a  1'avenir. 
On  ne  sait  pas  ce  qu'on  peut  devenir, 
Et  les  amis  sont  partout  necessaires." 

M.  de  la  Mesangere  does  not  give  any  refer- 
ence to  the  source,  but  in  another  place  it  is- 
attributed  to  Imbert.  E.  LATHAM. 

(To  be  continued.) 


FROZEN  WORDS. — When  I  was  a  lad,  many 
years  ago,  I  remember  reading  a  nautical 
yarn  —  was  it  in  Capt.  Marryat  ?  —  about 
a  voyage  to  a  region  so  cold  that  the  words 
uttered  in  conversation  all  froze,  but  thawed 
on  reaching  a  warmer  region,  for  the  benefit 
of  the  auditors.  The  joke  often  did  duty  in 
"  random  readings  "  and  jest-books,  but,  like 
so  many  others,  boasts  a  respectable  antiquity, 
even  if  the  pedigree  be  nebulous.  Perhaps 
the  following  version,  from  the  Italian,, 
published  1556,  may  not  be  without  interest : 

"And  that  friende  of  ours  that  suffereth  vs  not 
to  want,  within  these  fewe  dayes  rehearsed  one  to 
mee  that  was  very  excellent.  Then  sayde  the 
L.  Julian,  Whateuer  it  were,  more  excellenter  it 
cannot  be,  nor  more  subtiller,  than  one  that  a 
Tuskane  of  ours,  whiche  is  a  merchant  man  of  Luca, 
affyrmed  vnto  me  the  last  day  for  most  certaine. 
Tell  it  vs,  quoth  the  Dutchesse.  The  L.  Julian 
sayde  smyling  :  This  Merchant  man  (as  hee  sayth) 
beeing  vpon  a  time  in  Polonia,  determined  to  buy 
a  quantitie  of  Sables,  minding  to  bring  them  into 
Italie,  and  to  gaine  greatly  by  them.  And  after 
much  practising  in  the  matter,  where  he  could  not 
himselfe  go  into  Moscouia,  bycause  of  the  warre 
betwixt  the  King  of  Polonia  &  the  Duke  of  Moscouia, 
he  tooke  order  by  the  meane  of  some  of  the  Country, 
that  vpon  a  day  appoyuted,  certaine  merchant  mea 
of  Moscouia  shoulde  come  with  their  Sables  into 
the  borders  of  Polonia,  and  hee  promised  also  to- 


4 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [10*  s.  i.  JAN.  2, 


bee  there  himself  to  bargaine  with  them.  This 
merchant  man  of  Luca  trauaihng  then  with  his 
companie  towarde  Moscouia,  arriued  at  the  ryuer 
of  Boristhenes,  which  he  founde  hard  frozen  like  a 
marble  stone,  and  saw  the  Moscouites  which  for 
suspition  of  ye  war  were  in  doubt  of  the  Polakes, 
were  on  the  other  syde,  and  nearer  came  not  than 
the  breadth  of  the  ryuer.  So  after  they  knew  the 
one  the  other,  making  certaine  signes,  the  Mos- 
couites beganne  to  speake  aloude,  and  tolde  the 
price  how  they  woulde  sell  theyr  Sables,  but  the 
•colde  was  so  extreeme,  that  they  were  not  vnder- 
etoode,  bycause  the  wordes  before  they  came  on 
the  other  syde  where  this  Merchant  of  Luca  was 
and  his  interpreters,  were  congeled  in  the  ayre,  and 
there  remayned  frozen  and  stopped.  So  that  the 
Polakes  that  knew  the  maner,  made  no  more  adoe, 
but  kyndled  a  great  fyre  in  the  myddest  of  the 
Ryuer  (for  to  theyr  seeming  that  was  the  poynte 
whereto  the  voyce  came  hote  before  the  frost  tooke 
it)  and  the  riuer  was  so  thicke  frozen,  that  it  did 
well  beare  the  fire.  When  they  had  thus  done,  the 
wordes  that  for  space  of  an  houre  had  bene  frozen, 
began  to  thaw,  and  came  downe,  making  a  rioyse  as 
doth  the  snow  from  the  Mountaynes  in  May,  and  so 
immediately  they  were  well  vnderstood :  but  the 
men  on  the  other  side  were  first  departed :  and 
bycause  he  thought  that  those  wordes  asked  too 
great  a  price  for  the  Sables,  he  woulde  not  bargaine, 
and  so  came  away  without.  Then  they  laughed 
all."— Castiglione's  '  Courtyer,'  translated  by  Thos. 
Hoby,  book  ii.  k  viijb. 

AYEAHR. 
[The  story  appears  in  Munchausen.] 

ERROR  IN  'POLIPHILI  HYPNEROTOMACHIA.' 
—I  have  not  seen  mentioned  in  any  biblio- 
graphical work  a  typographical  error  which 
was  made  by  the  compositor  in  the  first 
•edition  of  that  covetable  book  'Poliphili 
Hypnerotomachia,'  Aldus,  1499,  but  was  dis- 
covered in  time  to  be  clumsily  corrected.  On 
fo.  5a  occurs  the  second  title :  '  Poliphili 
Hypnerotomachia,  vbi  |  humana  omnia  non 
nisi  so-  |  rnriivm  esse  ostendit,  at  |  qve  obiter 
plurima  |  scitv  saneqvam  |  digna  com-  | 
naerno-  I  rat.'  The  word  qvam,  following  the 
word  sane,  was  evidently  misprinted  in  the 
first  instance  qve.  The  error  was  discovered 
before  some,  at  any  rate,  of  the  copies  were 
issued,  and  was  corrected  by  the  erasure  of 
the  e,  and  the  printing  in  by  hand  with 
•separate  types  of  the  letters  am,  the  altera- 
tion detracting  from  the  beauty  of  the  page. 
This  is,  at  any  rate,  the  case  in  my  own  copy, 
^ind  in  some  others  which  I  have  seen.  Some 
of  your  readers  may  have  noticed  the  defect 
in  other  copies.  J.  ELIOT  HODGKIN. 

"  RIGADOON." — The  account  of  this  word  in 
the  French  dictionaries  does  not  take  us  very 
far.  Hatzfeld  gives  it  as  rigaudon  or  rigodon, 
and  derives  it  from  fiigaud,  the  name  of  a 
dancing-master.  The  fact  is  that  the  word 
is  Provencal,  and  the  full  history  of  it  is 
.given  by  Mistral  in  his  '  Prov.  Dictionary.' 


He  tells  us  that  Rigaud  was  a  dancing- 
master  of  Marseilles,  and  that  in  the  South 
of  France  the  dance  became  so  licentious 
that  it  was  prohibited  by  the  Parliament  of 
Provence  in  a  decree  dated  3  April,  1664. 
This  gives  us  a  fixed  date,  from  which  we 
may  infer  that  the  dance  came  in  about 
1660-3.  Hatzfeld  merely  tells  us  that  the 
spelling  rigodon  occurs  in  1696 ;  but  it  is 
obvious  that  the  dance  was  older.  Mistral 
tells  us  even  more  ;  for  he  says  that  Rigaud 
is  a  family  name  in  the  South  of  France.  I 
think  it  answers  to  a  Germanic  name  of 
which  the  A.-S.  form  would  be  Rlcweald, 
latinized  as  Ricoaldus  ;  see  Forstemann. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

"A  JOLLY  GOOD,  FELLOW"  IN  ITALIAN.— 
The  Tribuna,  describing  the  recent  visit  of 
Victor  Emmanuel  III.  to  London,  says  : — 

"  L'  impressione  prevalente  del  popolo  Inglese 
quale  u  ?  Ve  la  indico  con  una  frase  popolare  in 
Inghilterre:  '  Jl  Re  e  un  gran  simpaticocompagno.'  " 

This  translation  of  "  a  jolly  good  fellow  "  into 
the  tongue  of  Dante  ought  to  be  recorded  in 
your  columns.  Q.  V. 

"ADDING  INSULT  TO  INJURY.''  —  This  pro- 
verbial phrase  has  not  yet,  I  think,  had  its 
history  traced  in  'N.  &  Q.'    It  seems  to  have 
its  origin  in  a  line  of  Phaedrus  (v.  iii.  5) : — 
Iniuriae  qui  addideris  contumeliam. 

ALEX.  LEEPER. 
Trinity  College,  Melbourne  University. 

AYLSHAM  CLOTH.  —  Aylsham,  in  Norfolk, 
in  the  fourteenth  century  produced  linen 
and  canvas  of  such  superior  make  that  they 
were  known  simply  as  "Aylsham."  Owing 
to  an  old  spelling,  "  Eylisham,"  the  place  has 
not  always  been  recognized,  wherefore  these 
few  notes  may  be  presented  together. 

Dr.  Rock,  in  his  little  book  '  Textile 
Fabrics,'  1876,  p.  64,  says  : — 

"  For  the  finer  sort  of  linen  Eylisham  or  Ailesham 
in  Lincolnshire  was  famous  during  the  fourteenth 
century.  Exeter  Cathedral,  in  1327,  had  a  hand 
towel  of  '  Ailesham  cloth.'  " 

"Eilesham  canvas"  is  mentioned  in  Hist. 
MSS.  Com.,  Fourth  Report,  p.  425  (Rye, 
1  Norfolk  Topog.,'  1881,  p.  10). 

In  1300  Edward  I.  granted  a  tax  on  certain 
things  to  the  men  of  Carlisle,  to  repair  the 
bridge  there ;  one  item  is  "de  qualibet  cen- 
tena  lineae  telse  de  Aylesham  venali  j  dena- 
rium "  ('  Letters  from  Northern  Registers/ 
1873,  Rolls  Series,  p.  140). 

The  inventory  of  Thomas  de  Bitton,  Bishop 
of  Exeter,  1310,  accounts  for  "j  bolt  et  vj 
ulnis  de  Eylisham,"  and  for  "  iij  tualliis  de 
Aylisharn"  (Camden  Soc.,  New  Series,  x.  7,  9). 

In  1337  six  ells  of  "  Aylsam  "  were  bought 


io*  s.  i.  JAN.  2, 1904.]  NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


for  the  Prior  of  Durham  ('  Durham  Account 
Rolls,'  Surt.  Soc.,  100,  p.  534  ;  103,  p.  893, 
where  a  reference  is  given  to  Rogers,  iv.  556). 
Under  '  Sanappus  '  Halliwell  quotes,  from 
a  ballad  of  1387,  "  towels  of  Eylyssham,  white 
as  the  sea's  foam."  W.  C.  B. 

"SiT  LOOSE  TO/'— The  'H.E.D.'  has  appa- 
rently no  quotation  for  this.  The  nearest  to 
it  is  from  Churchill,  1763,  "Loose  to  Fame, 
the  muse  more  simply  acts,"  illustrating  a 
sense  marked  obsolete.  "  To  sit  loose  to  the 
world "  is,  however,  still  a  very  common 
phrase  in  Methodist  class-meetings. 

C.  C.  B. 

"  YAWS  " :  ITS  ETYMOLOGY.  —  According  to 
Rees's  '  Cyclopaedia,'  1819,  this  skin  disease 
is  "so  called  from  the.  resemblance  of  its 
eruption  to  a  raspberry,  the  word  yaw  in 
some  African  dialect  being  the  name  of  that 
fruit."  This  etymology  has  been  copied  with- 
out suspicion  by  the  '  Encyclopaedic,'  the 
'Century,'  and  other  great  modern  dic- 
tionaries. Nevertheless  it  is  a  blunder.  Rees 
does  not  explicitly  state  his  authority,  but 
it  appears  from  the  context  to  be  Dr.  T. 
Winterbottom,  'Account  of  the  Present  State 
of  Medicine  among  the  Xative  Africans  of 
Sierra  Leone,'  1803,  vol.  ii.  p.  154,  where  I 
find  the  following  : — 

"  There  is  a  modification  of  the  venereal  disease 
met  with  in  Scotland  which  is  called  tnrceii*,  from 
a  word  in  the  Scoto-Saxpn  language  spoken  in  the 
Highlands  signifying  a  wild  raspberry,  in  Gaelic  or 
Erse  it  is  called  xonmiu,  in  some  parts  it  is  also 
called  the  yaws." 

Rees  evidently  misread  Winterbottom,  who 
nowhere  says  that  African  yaio  means  rasp- 
berry, but,  on  the  contrary,  ascribes  that  sense 
to  Gaelic  soucrut^iu  more  correct  orthography 
subkchraobh  or  sughchraobh.  What,  then,  is 
the  true  origin  of  i/aws?  The  disease  is 
called  in  British  Guiana  yaivs,  in  Dutch 
Guiana-  jas,  in  French  Guiana  pians  (plural). 
My  opinion  is  that  these  are  all  one  word. 
The  identity  of  yaws  and  jas  is  obvious, 
and  from  pians,  its  nasal  being  a  negligible 
quantity,  they  differ  only  by  'the  loss  of  its 
initial,  doubtless  to  be  accounted  for  by  the 
fact  that  we  took  the  term  not  direct  'from 
French,  but  through  the  negro  jargon.  As 
to  the  origin  of  this  pians,  it  is  a  Guarani 
word,  one  of  those  which  the  French  borrowed 
from  their  quondam  Brazilian  colonies. 
Montoya,  in  his  great  thesaurus  of  the 
Guarani  language,  1639,  duly  enters  it  as 
"  Pia,  bubas,  granos."  JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

DE.  BRIGHT'S  EPITAPH  ix  OXFORD  CATHE- 
DRAL.— On  the  memorial  brass  to  the  memory 
of  my  old  friend  Dr.  Bright,  Regius  ProfessoV 


of  Ecclesiastical  History,  in  the  south  aisle 
of  the  Cathedral  at  Oxford,  is  inscribed  the 
following:  "State  super  antiquas  vias,  efe 
videte  qusenam  sit  via  recta  et  bona,  et 
ambulate  in  ea." 

This  is  the  Vulgate  version  of  Jeremiah 
vi.  16,  and  the  other  day  I  found  the  passage 
cited  in  Bacon's  '  Advancement  of  Learning  ': 

"  Surely  the  advice  of  the  prophet  is  the  true- 
direction  in  this  matter  [then  the  above  citation]. 
Antiquity  deserveth  that  reverence  that  men  should 
make  a  stand  thereupon,  and  discover  what  is  the 
best  way ;  but  when  the  discovery  is  well  taken, 
then  to  make  progression." — Book  ii. 

In  Job  is  a  similar  passage  (viii.  8-10)r 
inscribed  on  Hearne's  tomb  in  the  church- 
yard of  St.  Peter-in-the-East,  Oxford. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

HORN  DANCING. — The  following  paragraph 
may  be  interesting  as  recording  a  survival 
still  with  us  : — 

"The  annual  custom  of  horn  dancing  took  place 
yesterday  at  Abbots  Bromley,  Staffordshire.  The 
day,  being  Wakes  Monday,  was  observed  as  a 
holiday,  and  the  unique  and  droll  terpsichorean 
event  attracted  quite  a  number  of  visitors  from 
London,  Liverpool,  and  the  Potteries.  The  hobby- 
horse dancers  started  about  nine  o'clock,  and  after 
a  preliminary  canter  in  the  village  journeyed  to 
Blythfield  Hall,  the  seat  of  Lord  and  Lady  Bagot, 
afterwards  visiting  the  houses  of  the  neighbouring 
gentry.  Subsequently  they  returned  to  the  village 
and  danced  up  the  principal  street,  receiving  cakes 
and  ale  and  money  gifts.  One  of  the  troupe  has 
performed  for  over  fifty  years.  The  old-world 
village  presented  quite  a  gay  appearance,  the  green 
being  occupied  with  swingboats,  shooting  galleries, 
and  other  shows." — Liverpool  Echo,  8  September, 
1903. 

W.  B.  H. 

MRS.  CORNEY  IN  'OLIVER  TWIST.' — Mrs. 
Corney,  matron  of  the  workhouse  where 
Oliver  was  born,  first  appears  in  chap,  xxiii. 
(or  book  ii.  chap.  i.  in  Bentley's  Miscellany, 
iii.  105,  February,  1838).  Probably  her  name 
was  taken  by  Dickens  from  Mrs.  Corney,  45, 
Union  Street,  Middlesex  Hospital,  landlady 
of  Mrs.  Hannah  Brown,  who  was  murdered 
by  Jatnes  Greenacre  at  his  house  in  Car- 
penter's Buildings,  Bowyer  Lane  (now 
Wyndham  Road),  Camberwell,  on  the  night 
of  24  December,  1836.  Mrs.  Corney  gave 
evidence  at  the  trial  on  10  April,  1837. 

ADRIAN  WHEELER, 

HISTORY  "  MADE  ix  GERMANY." — At  a  ban- 
quet in  celebration  of  the  hundredth  anni- 
versary of  the  Hanover  Regiment,  which 
took  place  at  Hanover  on  19  December,  1903, 
the  German  Emperor  made  the  following 
record  :  "I  raise  my  glass  in  contemplation 
of  the  past,  to  the  health  of  the  German 


6 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io»  s.  i.  JAN.  2, 1901. 


Legion,  in  memory  of  its  incomparable  deeds, 
which,  in  conjunction  with  Bliicher  and  the 
Prussians,  rescued  the  English  army  from 
•destruction  at  Waterloo." 

RICHARD  EDGCUMBE. 
33,  Tedworth  Square,  Chelsea. 

"Coup  DE  JARNAC."— This  expression  is 
•used  by  M.  Jorevin,  a  French  traveller,  in  a 
Description  of  the  "Bergiardin  "  (Bear  Garden) 
in  "Sodoark"  (Southwark),  published  in 
1672,  and  reprinted  in  the  Antiquarian 
Repertory  (ed.  1806),  vol.  iv.  p.  549. 

JOHN  HEBB. 

SOMERSET  DIALECT. — Here  are  two  choice 
specimens.  "  It  do  vibrate  through,"  account- 
ing for  the  oil  dropped  from  the  lamp.  A 
trail  of  creeper  for  decorating  the  church 
would  look  so  nice  "wrangling  round  the 
Communion."  FREDERIC  C.  SKEY. 

Weare  Vicarage. 

TACITUS  AND  THE  'GESTA  ROMANORUM.'— 
The  eighteenth  tale  in  the  '  Gesta  Romano- 
rum'  is  very  like  the  story  of  CEdipus.  In  it 
the  man  who  unwittingly  slew  his  father  is  a 
soldier  named  Julian.  The  resemblance  of 
his  name  to  that  of  the  soldier  in  the  excerpt 
from  Tacitus  given  9th  S.  xii.  105  is  remark- 
able. JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

"  LOMBARD."— Loftie,  in  his  '  London,'  vol.  i. 
p.  158,  notes  that  in  the  Hundred  Rolls, 
2  Edward  I.,  several  persons  are  cited  as 
Lombards  who  were  unquestionably  of  Eng- 
lish birth  and  parentage.  Among  the  number 
is  Gregory  de  Rokesle,  Mayor  of  London. 
Loftie  adds,  "A  Lombard  was  probably  by 
this  time  a  money-lender,  not  a  native  of 
Lombardy."  M.  D.  DAVIS. 

"RINGING  FOR  GOFER."— The  Daily  Mail 
of  5  November,  1903,  is  responsible  for  the 
following  : — 

"On  six  successive  Sunday  evenings,  commencing 
twelve  Sundays  before  Christmas,  the  church  bells 
are  rung  at  Newark-upon-Trent  for  one  hour  at  a 
time,  in  compliance  with  the  terms  of  a  bequest  left 
by  a  merchant  named  Gofer.  Two  centuries  ago 
trofer  lost  his  way  in  Sherwood  Forest,  then  in- 
fested by  men  of  the  baser  sort.  Just  as  he  was 
giving  himself  up  for  dead,  he  heard  the  bells  of 
Newark,  and,  guided  by  their  sound,  regained  his 
road.  In  memory  of  his  deliverance  he  left  a  sum 
ot  money  to  be  expended  in  '  ringing  for  Gofer.'  " 
I  do  not  find  that  this  ancient  custom  has 
been  recorded  in  'N.  &  Q.,'and  I  therefore 
think  it  should  appear  therein. 

EVERARD   HOME   COLEMAN. 

"  MAGSMAN."— The  following  cutting  from 
the  Daily  Express  of  30  November,  1903,  may 
be  worth  preserving  in  'N.  &  Q.'  :— 


"With  the  close  of  the  racing  season  the  card- 
sharper  takes  to  confidence  tricks.  '  Confidence 
men  '  are  called  '  magsmen '  in  the  vernacular  of  the 
police.  The  derivation  of  the  term  is  interesting 
and  instructive.  In  thieves'  slang  '  to  mag '  is  to 
talk  in  a  specious,  oily  manner.  Hence  the  mags- 
man  is  a  swindler,  who  persuades  gullible  persons 
out  of  their  possessions.  His  happy  hunting-ground 
is  the  vicinity  of  the  large  railway  stations  where 
passengers  book  for  long  journeys." 

W.   CURZON  YEO. 
Richmond,  Surrey. 

['  Slang  and  its  Analogues,'  by  Farmer  and  Henley, 
gives  the  same  derivation.] 

SHAKESPEARE  ALLUSION.  —  In  'A  Mid- 
summer Night's  Dream,'  I.  i.  207-8,  is  this 
couplet : — 

What  graces  in  my  love  do  dwell 
That  he  hath  turn'd  a  heaven  into  a  hell. 

Marston,  in  the  '  Malcontent,'  I.  ii.  43-4,  has 
reversed  the  lines  and  given  a  garbled  quo- 
tation:— 
Your  smiles  have  been  my  heaven,  vour  frowns  my 

hell: 
0,  pity  then— grace  should  with  beauty  dwell. 

Maquerelle  undoubtedly  recognized  the  allu- 
sion at  once,  for  she  immediately  retorts  :— - 
Reasonable  perfect,  by  'r  Lady. 

CIIAS.  A.  HEEPICH. 

RAILWAY  RELIC. — The  following,  from  the 
Liverpool  Daily  Post,  is  worth  a  corner  in 
'N.  &Q.':— 

"  Seventy  years  have  elapsed  since  the  trials  took 
place  of  three  locomotives,  constructed  as  the  result 
of  a  competition  promoted  by  the  then  Liverpool 
and  Manchester  Railway  Company.  The  last  of 
these,  the  Novelty,  has  just  been  discovered  at 
Kainhill.  The  three  engines  which  took  part  in 
the  1830  trials  were  the  Rocket,  constructed  by 
Stephenson ;  the  Sanspareil,  by  Hackworth ;  and 
the  Novelty,  by  Braithwaite  and  Ericson.  The 
Rocket  obtained  the  premium  of  50W.  as  the  most 
suitable  locomotive  to  run  on  the  line,  having 
attained  a  speed  of  twenty-nine  miles  per  hour. 
The  greatest  speed  of  the  Sanspareil  was  less  than 
twenty-three  miles,  and  the  Novelty  had  only 
covered  three  miles  when  the  joints  of  the  boiler 
gave  way.  At  that  time  the  Rainhill  Gas  and 
Water  Company's  premises,  which  adjoin  the  rail- 
way at  Rainhill  Station,  were  occupied  bv  Mr. 
Melling  as  engineering  works,  Ericson  and  Melling 
being  friends.  The  former  left  the  Novelty  there 
after  its  failure  to  gain  the  prize.  The  R_ocket  and 
the  Sanspareil  are  both  in  South  Kensington 
Museum,  but  the  whereabouts  of  the  Novelty  could 
not  be  traced  until  recently,  when  it  was  found  still 
working  as  a  stationary  engine,  the  wheels  having 
been  removed.  This  interesting  relic  will  in  all 
probability  be  placed  side  by  side  with  its  contem- 
poraries at  South  Kensington." 

W.  D.  PINK. 

GREEN  :  ITS  SIGNIFICANCE.  (See  7th  S.  viii. 
464  ;  x.  141,  258  ;  9th  S.  viii.  121,  192  ;  ix.  234, 
490;  x.  32,  133,  353;  xi.  32,  254.)— Rafaello 


TO'"  s.i.  JAN.  2, 1904.]          NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Borghini,  in  the  second  book  of  his  '  Riposo,' 
dedicated  to  Don  Giovanni  Medici,  writes  at 
great  length  as  to  the  significance  of  colours. 
I  extract  what  relates  to  green  (ed.  1584, 
pp.  237-8)  :— 

"  Vsa  la  Chiesa  Santa  i  parameuti  neri  nelle  roga- 
tioni,  e  ne  giprni  di  affltttione,  e  d'  astinenza  per  li 
lieccati,  &  in  altri  tempi,  che  hora  nori  dico 
per  venire  ;'i  trattare  del  verde  sesto  colore. 
Questo  perche  non  participa  molto  del  nero  non 
<.•  cosi  ignobile  come  il  color  nero,  ben  che  sia  men 
nobile  degli  altri  colori :  &  alcuui  vogliono,  perche 
egli  noil  e  anupuerato  fra  i  quattro  element!,  che 
egli  sia  di  tutti  il  men  pregiato ;  nondimeno  egli 
rappresenta  alberi,  piante,  prati,  verde  herbette.  e 
fronzuti  colli,  cose  giocondissitne,  e  dilleteuoli  alia 
vista  ;  pero  non  dee  esser  tenutp  in  poca  stima. 
Signinca  allegrezza,  amore,  gratitudine,  amicitia, 
honore,  bonta,  bellezza,  e  secondo  la  comune 
opinione  speranza.  Fra  le  pietre  pretiose  s'  asso- 
miglia  allo  smaraldo,  fra  le  virtu  dimostra  la  for- 
tezza,  fra  pianeti  Venere,  fra  metalli  il  piprabo, 
iiell'  eta  dell'  huomo  la  gipuentu  fino  a  trentacinque 
anni,  nei  giorni  il  giouedi,  nelle  stagioni  la  Prima 
uera,  ne:  niesi  il  verde  oscurp  Aprile,  &  il  verde 
chiaro  Maggio,  e  ne'  sacramenti  il  matrimonio.  E' 
il  verde  di  grandissimo  couforto  alia  vista,  e  la 
mantiene,  e  conspla  quando  e  affaticata ;  e  percio 
gli  occhi  molto  si  dilettano,  e  si  compiacciono  del 
color  uerde.  Vsa  la  santa  Chiesa  i  paramenti  uerdi 
nell'  ottaua  dell'  Epifauia,  nella  Settuagesima,nella 
Pentecoste,  nell'  Auento,  e  ne  giorni  feriali,  e 
cbmuni." 

Q.  V. 


^VE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  maybe  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

SADLER'S  WELLS  PLAY  ALLUDED  TO  BY 
WORDSWORTH. — I  shall  be  obliged  if  any  one 
can  tell  me  what  was  the  date  of  the  play, 
founded  on  the  story  of  John  Hatfield  and 
Mary  of  Buttermere,and  produced  at  Sadler's 
Wells  Theatre,  to  which  Wordsworth  alludes 
in  the  '  Prelude,'  book  vii.  It  must  have 
been  between  1803  and  1805,  for  the  poem 
was  finished  during  the  latter  year,  and 
during  the  management  of  the  Dibdins.  In 
the  Brit.  Mus.  collection  of  Sadler's  Wells 
playbills  I  came  across  one  in  which  was 
announced  for  25  April,  1803,  '  William  and 
Susan,'  the  favourite  burletta,  in  which  are 
various  views  of  the  lake  of  Buttermere. 
Possibly  this  is  the  play  in  question. 

H.  W..  B. 

[Xo  mention  of  this  work  occurs  in  the  'Biographia 
l)ramatica'  of  Baker,  Reed,  and  Jones,  1812.] 

MILESTONES. —  When  did  our  forefathers 
begin  to  recognize  the  importance  of  accu- 
rately marking  distances  on  our  high  roads  ] 


Even  in  these  days  we  are,  as  is  well  known, 
much  behind  our  continental  neighbours  in 
this  regard,  as  well  as  in  that  of  "finger- 
posts "  and  like  indicators.  From  the  follow- 
ing paragraph,  which  I  have  found  in  the 
London  Evening  Post  for  10  September,  1743, 
it  would  seem  that  the  setting  up,  or  at  least 
the  providing  of  funds  for  setting  up,  of 
milestones,  even  on  such  an  important  high 
road  as  that  between  Croydon  and  London, 
was  at  that  time  left  to  the  public  spirit  of 
private  individuals  : — 

"  On  Wednesday  they  began  to  measure  the 
Croydon  Road  from  the  Standard  in  Cornhill  and 
stake  the  places  for  erecting  milestones,  the  in- 
habitants of  Croydon  having  subscribed  for  thirteen, 
which  'tis  thought  will  be  carried  on  by  the  Gentle- 
men of  Sussex." 

W.  MOY  THOMAS. 

FELLOWS  OF  THE  CLOVER  LEAF. — Informa- 
tion is  sought  as  to  the  history  of  this  society 
or  order.  On  17  May,  1866,  Capt.  Arthur 
Chilver  Tupper,  F.S.A.  (when  did  he  die  and 
where  buried  ?),  exhibited  to  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries  two  small  pewter  flagons  about 
8  in.  high.  One  was  inscribed  "Jochim 
Lvers  1645";  the  other,  "Peter  Fisker  1645 
Dit  is  Der  Repper  gesellen  er  klever  Blat." 
Each  bore  L.  S.  and  shield  with  castle  as  pew- 
terer's  mark.  T.  CANN  HUGHES,  F.S.A. 

Lancaster. 

'ASTR.EA  VICTRIX.' — Can  you  inform  me 
where  to  find  a  poem  entitled  'Astrsea 
Victrix,  or  Love's  Triumph/  by  L.  Willan, 
gent.  ?  It  was  probably  published  about 
1750  or  later.  I  was  born  Willan,  my  grand- 
father being  a  certain  Dr.  Robert  \Villan, 
F.R.S.,  F.S.A.,  born  at  Sedbergh,  Yorkshire. 
He  practised  in  Bloomsbury  Square,  and 
died  in  1812.  My  ancestors  lived  in  or  about 
Sedbergh  for  several  hundred  years,  and 
Leonard  and  Lancelot  were  two  family 
names.  Willan  is  quite  a  Yorkshire  name. 
MARY  AUGUSTA  Ho  WELL. 

Holy  Trinity  Parsonage,  High  Cross,  Tottenham 

SPEECH  BY  THE  EARL  OF  SUSSEX,  1596.— I 
desire  to  know  if  there  is  in  existence  a 
perfect  copy  of  "a  speech  by  the  Earl  of 
Sussex  at  the  tilt,"  1596.  There  is  a  mutilated 
MS.  of  it  in  the  Duke  of  Northumberland's 
collection.  It  begins :  "  Most  divine,  and 
more  mighty  than  that  queen  to  whom  all 
other  queens  are  subject."  JOHN  OATES. 

Rutland  House,  Saltoun  Road,  S.W. 

MAYERS'  SOXG.  (See  3rd  S.  vii.  373.)— Is  it 
possible  to  ascertain  what  was  the  musical 
rendering  of  this  ballad  ?  I  am  giving  a 
paper  on  the  Hertfordshire  Mayers'  Song 
shortly,  and  am  anxious  to  have  it  sung  by 


8 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         uo<»  s.  i.  JAN.  -I 


a  quartet  in  costume.  For  the  benefit  of 
those  who  inay  not  be  able  to  consult  the 
above  reference,  I  may  be  permitted  to  give 
the  first  verse  as  supplied  by  CUTHBERT 
BEDE  :•— 

Here  comes  us  poor  Mayers  all, 

And  thus  we  do  begin 
To  lead  our  lives  in  righteousness, 
For  fear  we  should  die  in  sin. 

This  song  was,  I  believe,  sung  in  some  of  the 
neighbouring  counties— Cambridge,  Bucks, 
and  Bedfordshire.  W.  B.  GERISH. 

Bishop's  Stortford. 

RIGHT  HON.  EDWARD  SOUTHWELL.— I  shall 
be  glad  to  know  who  purchased  the  diary  of  the 
above,  1684-1716,  at  the  sale  of  the  Phillipps 
Library,  Cheltenham.  It  mentions  the 
writer's  marriage  with  Miss  Blaythwaite. 
CHARLES  S.  KING,  Bt. 

St.  Leonards-on-Sea. 

FRANCIS  HAWES  :  SIR  T.  LEMAN.— I  shall 
be  glad  of  any  information  concerning : 
1.  Francis  Hawes,  of  Berks,  who  died  in  1764. 
He  was  a  director  of  the  South  Sea  Company, 
and  had  an  elder  brother  Thomas.  2.  Sir 
Thomas  Leman,  the  last  holder  of  the  extinct 
baronetcy.  ANTIQUARY. 

"  AMPLE.'' — In  the  review  of  the  December 
Scribner  (9th  S.  xii.  480)  occurs  the  sentence  : 
"Views  of  Buda  and  Pest  are  not  in  colours, 
but  are  ample  and  very  effective."  Is  not  this 
use  uncommon  ?  Ample  for  what  ?  The  point 
would  have  escaped  my  notice  but  that  I  am 
acquainted  with  a  family  whose  members  use 
this  word  frequently  with  a  meaning  peculiar, 
I  imagine,  to  themselves.  The  sensation 
experienced  when  cutting,  or  seeing  some  one 
cut,  asunder  a  thick  roll  of  butter,  when  the 
wheels  of  a  cart  cut  through  mud  of  the  con- 
sistence of  butter,  or  when  one  touches  or 
presses  velvet  with  the  hand,  is  described 
by  them  as  "ample."  The  associated  idea 
appears  to  be  that  of  prolonged,  clinging 
resistance.  They  can  afford  me  no  particulars 
of  the  origin  or  descent  of  the  word,  but 
maintain  that  it  has  been  handed  down  in 
the  family  for  some  generations. 

GEORGE  C.  PEACHEY. 

QUESNEL. — Can  any  reader  inform  me  of  the 
existence  of  portraits  in  Scotland  of  about 
the  time  of  James  V.  by  Pierre  Quesnel  ? 

J.  J.  FOSTER. 

SHAKESPEARE'S  "  VIRTUE  OF  NECESSITY."—  I 
Has  any  pedigree  for  the  phrase  "make  ai 
virtue    of   necessity "    been    discovered     by 
Baconites  ?     On  p.  72  of  "  Gregori  I.  Papa? 
Regiatrnm  Epistolarum,  Tomi  I.  Pars  I.  Liber  I 
l.-TV.,     edidit     Paulus    Ewald"    (Berolini  I 


MDCCCLXXXVII.),  there  are  the  words  "non 
hoc  virtutis  opere  fieri."  Here,  however, 
virtutis  perhaps  means  "of  force,"  and  opere 
is  "of,  i.e.  by  necessity,"  that  is  "  willy  nilly." 
A  similar  expression  is  probably  to  be  found 
in  many  books  written  between  the  time  of 
St.  Gregory  and  Bacon.  E.  S.  DODGSON. 

"OMEGA,"  AN  OLD  CONTRIBUTOR.— About 
fifty  years  ago  a  contributor  to  '  N.  &  Q.' 
signed  with  the  Greek  omega  reversed.  Is 
there  any  clue  to  his  name  nowadays  ?  I. 

"NOT  ALL  WHO  SEEM  TO  FAIL."— Who  wrote 

the  following  lines  ? — 

Not  all  who  seem  to  fail  have  failed  indeed  ; 
Not  all  who  fail  have  therefore  worked  in  vain. 

There  is  no  failure  for  the  good  and  wise  ; 
What  tho'  thy  seed  should  fall  by  the  wayside, 
And  the  birds  snatch  it  ?    Yet  the  birds  are  fed. 

W.   S-R. 

LEGEND  OF  THE  COUNCIL  OF  CONSTANCE. — 
The  Russian  poet  A.  N.  Maikov— a  cosmo- 
politan writer,  whose  range  embraced  ancient 
and  modern  worlds,  and  who  rendered  old 
romances  in  charming  classic  verse— relates 
in  song  the  following  legend.  Before  the 
Council  a  grim  doctor  learnedly  expounds 
John  Hus's  guilt  and  the  appropriate  sentence 
at  wearisome  length.  Near  the  Emperor 
stands  a  youthful  page,  who  finds  the  pro- 
ceedings dull.  As  evening  approaches  some- 
thing in  the  garden  attracts  him ;  he  glances 
through  the  window  and  smiles.  Involuntarily 
the  Emperor's  eyes  follow  the  page  ;  then  the 
Pope's  austere  features  relax,  and  soon  the 
whole  assembly  of  princes  and  prelates  gaze 
towards  the  windows,  enchanted  by  Philomel's 
song  in  the  garden.  Tender  memories  renew 
themselves  in  the  minds  of  those  stern  eccle- 
siastics, and  even  the  ruthlessdoctor  stammers, 
blunders,  and  finally  softens.  Suddenly  an 
old  monk  confesses  that  he  was  about  to  say 
"  Hus  is  innocent"  under  the  influence  of  the 
sweet  melody,  which  must  proceed  from 
Satan  himself.  In  horror  the  whole  Council 
rose,  sang  "Let  God  arise,"  then  bowed 
before  the  crucifix  in  prayer,  and  at  last 
condemned  Hus  to  the  stake  and  anathema- 
tized the  innocent  nightingale.  The  supposed 
fiend  fled  from  the  garden,  and  dubious 
witnesses  saw  him  pass  over  the  lake  in  the 
form  of  a  fiery  flying  serpent,  scattering 
sparks  in  his  rage. 

Maikov's  poem  is  entitled  '  Prigovor '  ('  The 
Doom  '),  and  I  am  endeavouring  to  render  it 
in  English.  Is  such  a  legend  recorded  else- 
where? FRANCIS  P.  MARCHANT. 

Brixton  Hill. 


10th  S.  I.  JAN.  2,  1904.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


EJECTED  PRIESTS.  —  On  the  accession  of 
Queen  Mary  in  1553  many  of  the  so-called 
'•reforming  clergy  "  were  ejected  from  their 
livings.  Where  can  a  list  of  them  and  par- 
ticulars ba  found  ?  1. 

"DON'T  SHOOT,  HE  is  DOING  HIS  BEST."— I 
should  be  glad  if  some  one  would  inform  me 
whether  the  following  quotation  comes  from 
Mark  Twain  or  Artemus  Ward :  "Don't  shoot, 
lie  is  doing  his  best."  Is  the  quotation 
correct?  Was  the  notice  put  over  a  new 
organist  in  a  church  in  the  Western  States, 
or  did  it  apply  to  a  pianist  in  a  drinking 
saloon  ?  H.  M.  C. 

BAGBHAW.— Can  any  of  your  readers  give 
me  information  respecting  Samuel  Bagshaw, 
who  published  at  Sheffield, in  1847,  a  'History, 
Gazetteer,  and  Directory  of  the  County  of 
Kent,'  in  two  volumes  ?  Did  he  produce  any 
other  works  of  a  like  character1?  I  do  not 
find  his  name  in  the  'D.N.B.,'  nor  in  any 
local  work  with  which  I  am  acquainted. 

CHARLES  SMITH. 

"FROM    WHENCE."— In 
•  Romantic    Tales    from 


a    review    of    my 
the    Pan  jab,'    just 


published  by  Constable,  exception  was  taken 

to  my  use,  in  one  place,  of  the  form  "from 

whence."    It  occurs  on  p.  438,  in  the  story  of 

'  Puran  Bhagat,'  "  Let  me  return  from  whence 

I  have  come."    Now,  of  all  Eastern  stories, 

'  Puran  Bhagat '  is  the  most  Biblical  in  motive 

and  feeling,  and  I  used  the  condemned  form 

deliberately,  not  inadvertently,  because  I  ,- in- 

had  in  my  mind  such  passages  of  the  Bible  thonty  had  Timbs  for  saying  this  ?  Is  it  not 

an  assumption  based  merely  on  the  tact  or 
the  "Tun"  in  Cornhill  having  been  built 


"Gome;  THE  ROUND":  "ROUNDHOUSE.''— Is 
it  not  probable  that  the  phrase  "going  the 
round,"  or  "rounds,"  is  much  older  than  it 
looks,  and  that  it  had  its  origin  in  the  watch- 
man's rounds,  that  functionary  sometimes 
announcing  news  over  and  above  that  which 
related  to  the  weather?  "To  walk  the 
round  ''  often  occurs  in  the  plays  of  Mas- 
singer  and  his  contemporaries.  In  'The 
Picture,'  for  instance,  a  tragi-comedy,  acted 
in  the  "Black  Fryars"  in  1636,  we  find 
(Act  II.)  :- 

Dreams  and  fantastic  visions  walk  the  round. 

In  '  King  John '  (Act  II.  sc.  ii.)  the  Bastard 
soliloquizes  :— 

And  France,  whose  armour  conscience  buckled  on, 
Whom  zeal  and  charity  brought  to  the  field 
As  God's  own  soldier,  rounded  in  the  ear 
With  that  same  purpose-changer,  that  sly  devil, 
Commodity  (i.e.,  interest). 

Here  "rounding  in  the  ear"  means  to 
whisper.  An  old  phrase  similar  to  our 
modern  "  going  the  round "  was  "  to  go 
current"  or  to  "go  for  current":  "A  great 
while  it  went  for  current  that  it  was  a 
pleasant  region  "  (Purchas, '  Pilgrimage,'  p.  18). 
Was  not  a  roundhouse,  by  the  way,  so 
called  from  being  a  prison  in  which  such 
lawbreakers  were  confined  as  were  taken  up 
by  the  constable  or  watchman  on  his  rounds  ? 
Timbs,  however,  says  that  the  watchhouse 
was  called  a  roundhouse  "  because  it  suc- 
ceeded the  Tonel  or  Roundhouse  ;  the  tonel 
having  been  an  old  butt  or  hogshead,  or 
something  in  the  shape  of  one."  What  au- 


as  "The  land  of  Egypt,  from  ii'hence  ye  came 
out "  (Deut.  xi.  10),  "From  ivhence  came  they 
unto  thee  ? :>  (Is.  xxxix.  3)  and  many  others. 
Shakespeare  also  uses  this  construction 
several  times,  as,  for  example :  "  Let  him 
walk /row  t'.'kence  he  came,  lest  he  catch  cold 
on  'ST  feet "  ('  Comedy  of  Errors,'  III.  i.  37). 
With  this  array  of  precedents,  may  I  ask 


whether  or  not  it  is  open  to  a  modern  writer, 


somewhat  in  the  fashion  of  a  tun  standing 
on  its  bottom  ?  And  the  roundhouses  were 
generally  either  hexagonal  or  octagonal,  I 
believe.  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

MARRIAGE    REGISTERS.  —  Are    there    any 


registers  or  records  of  the  Fleet  marriages, 


especially  of   those  performed   bj 


the  day  is  far  distant  when  the  old  pic- 
turesque irregularities  and  licences  of  our 
beautiful  English  tongue  shall  all  be  ground 
down  to  the  dead  monotonous  level  of 
Acadt'mie  French,  for  instance.  Perhaps 
some  contributors  will  also  kindly  mention. 


in 

Guernsey,  the  Isle  of  Man,  and  Gretna  Green 
from  1754  to  1857  ?  THORNE  GEORGE. 

[For  Gretna  Green  registers  see  General  Indexes.] 

INTERMENT  IN  GRAVES  BELONGING  TO  OTHER 
FAMILIES. — This  practice  is   sometimes  per- 


•  <<  .1  1          ,  ..  ~ —  — J     •  •"'      j.1  j\iuii.iiLo. —  j.  1119    uiaui/iwc    13     auiuDi/iiiJco     j-»ci  - 

it  possible,  the  earliest  and  the  latest  accepted  i  mitted,  or  even  desired  by  friendly  persons, 
work  in  which  the  locution  jrom  whence  is  to    Can  any  instances  of  it  in  Queen  Elizabeth's 


be  found. 

I   may  add    that  from   thence  also  occurs 
in   the  Bible  :    for  instance,   twice  over  in 


time  be  given? 


I. 


2  Kings  ii. 


CHARLES  SWYNNERTON. 


JOHN    HALL,    BISHOP   OF    BRISTOL.— John 
Hall  was  Bishop  of  Bristol  from  1691  to  his 


10 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io*  s.  i.  JAN.  2, 


death  in  1710.  The  'DN.B.'  makes  no  men- 
tion of  his  wife.  What  was  her  maiden  name  1 
When  did  he  marry  her"?  and  where? 

BERNARD  P.  SCATTERGOOD. 

"  O   COME,  ALL  YE    FAITHFUL."  —  Can    MR. 

SHEDLOCK  or  some  of  your  readers  inform  me 
as  to  the  origin  of  the  tune  popularly  known 
as  the '  Portuguese  Hymn '  ?  There  seems  some 
reason  for  believing  that  the  tune  was  written 
by  John  Reading,  a  pupil  of  Dr.  Blow.  In  a 
notice  of  the  Christmas  service  at  the  Roman 
Catholic  Westminster  Cathedral  in  the  Daily 
Telegraph  of  26  December  last,  it  is  stated  : — 
"  Recently,  it  may  be  noted,  the  melody  was 
restored  to  its  simple  form  and  key,  and  each  of 
the  eight  verses  being  harmonized  by  a  different 
British  musician,  the  variety  of  treatment  thus 
obtained  proved  exceedingly  interesting." 

N.  S.  S. 
[See  '  Adeste  Fideles,'  Fifth  Series,  General  Index.] 


HENRY,  EARL  OF  STAFFORD.  ON  HIS 

FRENCH  WIFE. 

(9th  S.  xii.  466.) 

THE  eccentric  provisions  of  Lord  Stafford's 
will  are  known  to  students  of  Grammont, 
and  the  passage  quoted  by  DR.  FURNIVALL 
will  be  found  in  the  introduction,  p.  xxv, 
of  Mr.  Gordon  Goodwin's  edition  of  the 
'Memoirs,'  published  by  Mr.  A.  H.  Bullen 
in  1903.  The  exact  date  of  the  will  is  2  Feb- 
ruary, 1699/1700,  a  year  later  than  that  given 
by  DR.  FURNIVALL  The  earl  subsequently 
added  two  codicils  to  his  will,  but  no  mention 
of  his  wife  was  made  in  either  of  them.  He 
died  without  issue,  27  April,  1719,  in  his 
seventy-second  year,  and  was  buried  in  West- 
minster Abbey.  He  had  been  an  adherent 
of  James  II.,  and  followed  his  master  to 
St.  Germain-en-Laye,  where  on  3  April,  1694, 
he  marned  Claude  Charlotte,  the  elder  of  the 
two  daughters  of  Philibert  de  Grammont 
and  Elizabeth  Hamilton.  These  two  girls 
were  described  by  the  Marquis  de  Dangeau 
('Journal,'  i.  241)  as  great  intriguers,  and 
better  known  in  society  than  many  belles, 
though  very  ugly.  They  seem  to  have  inherited 
the  wit  and  vivacity  of  their  father  without 
partaking  of  the  beauty  of  their  mother. 
Claude,  though  not  in  her  first  youth,  was 
eighteen  years  younger  than  her  husband, 
and  scandal  had  already  been  busy  with  her 
name  in  connexion  with  the  young  Duke  of 
Orleans,  afterwards  the  celebrated  Regent. 

*  lsLs,aid  tliat  his  mother,  the  Duchess 
of  Orleans,  whose  maid  of  honour 
Mile,  de  Grammont  had  been,  persuaded 


Lord  Stafford  to  marry  her.  However 
this  may  have  been,  the  union  between  a 
stolid,  middle  -  aged  Englishman  and  the 
lively  daughter  of  a  French  father  and  a 
Scoto-Irish  mother  could  hardly  be  expected 
to  turn  out  happily.  Lady  Stafford,  both  in 
youth  and  age,  was  one  of  those  characters 
that  Thackeray  was  happy  in  depicting.  Her 
girlhood  was  that  of  Beatrix  Esmond  ;  her 
old  age  that  of  the  Baroness  Bernstein,  with 
a  dash  of  Lady  Kew.  She  probably  had  her 
husband  in  her  thoughts  when  she  uttered 
the  words  recorded  by  Lord  Hervey  in  refer- 
ence to  Queen  Caroline  and  George  II. : — 

"Pour  moi,  je  trouve  qu'on  juge  tres  mal— si  cette 
pauvre  Princesse  avait  le  sens  commun,  elle  doit 
etre  embarrasse  dans  sa  situation  ;  quand  on  a  un 
tel  role  a  jouer,  qu'on  doit  epouser  un  sot  Prince  et 
viyre  avec  un  desagreable  animal  toute  sa  vie 
privee,  on  doit  sentir  ses  malheurs,  et  je  suis  sure 
qu'elle  est  sotte,  et  meme  tres  sotte,  puis  qu'elle 
n'est  pas  embarrasses  et  qu'elle  ne  parait  point 
confondue  dans  toutes  les  nouveautus  parmi  les- 
quellea  elle  se  trouve." 

As  things  turned  out,  Lady  Stafford,  not- 
withstanding Lord  Hervey's  opinion  of  her 
judgment,  was  completely  mistaken  in  her 
view  of  the  situation.  The  queen,  instead 
of  vividly  feeling  her  position  in  being  yoked 
to  so  disagreeable  a  husband  as  George  II., 
played  her  part  through  life  with  the  cheer- 
ful and  unembarrassed  bearing  that  had 
distinguished  her  when  she  first  made  the 
acquaintance  of  the  king,  and  succeeded  in 
securing  as  much  affection  as  it  was  in  his 
power  to  give  to  any  woman. 

Lady  Stafford,  when  in  England,  used  to 
live  at  Twickenham,  where  she  became  on 
very  intimate  terms  witli  Lady  Mary  Wortley 
Montagu.  When,  in  1727,  the  old  countess 
set  out  for  France,  Lady  Mary  wrote  to  her 
sister,  the  Countess  of  Mar,  that  her  friend 
had  carried  half  the  pleasures  of  her  life 
with  her ;  she  was  more  stupid  than  she 
could  describe,  and  could  think  of  nothing 
but  the  nothingness  of  the  good  things  of 
this  world.  She  relates  the  scandal  that 
arose  from  the  intimacy  of  the  second  Duchess 
of  Cleveland  with  her  husband's  young  kins- 
man, Lord  Sidney  Beauclerk,  the  father  of 
Johnson's  friend  Topham,  and  sends  her  a 
copy  of  verses  on  the  same  theme,  winding 
up  'with  an  ill-founded  and  ill-natured  mot 
of  Lady  Stafford's.  Walpole  knew  the  old 
lady  in  his  childhood,  and  averred  that  she 
had  more  wit  than  either  of  her  neighbours, 
Lady  Mary  or  the  Duke  of  Wharton.  She 
died  in  1739,  and  her  will,  dated  13  May  in 
that  year,  was  proved  three  days  later  by 
Charles,  Earl  of  Arran,  to  whom  she  left  all 
her  property. 


io'"s.i.jAx.2,i904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


11 


The  countess's  younger  sister,  Marie 
Elisabeth,  was  born  27  December,  1667,  and, 
having  entered  into  religion,  became  the 
Abbess  of  Ste.  Marie  dePoussaye  in  Lorraine. 
She  died  before  her  parents  in  1706,  and, 
Walpole  records  that  he  was  told  by  an  old 
friend  of  hers,  Madame  de  Mirepoix,  the 
French  Ambassadress,  that  she  was  ten  times 
more  vain  of  the  blood  of  Hamilton  than  of 
an  equal  quantity  of  that  of  Grammont.* 
Lady  Stafford  seems  to  have  been  equally 
attached  to  the  family  of  her  mother. 

W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 


"TATAR"  OR  "TARTAR"  (9th  S.  xii.  185, 
376).— I  have  read  Dr.  Koelle's  article  in 
vol.  xiv.  of  the  new  series  of  the  Journal  of 
the  Royal  Asiatic  Society,  and  come  to  the 
conclusion  that  he  belongs  to  that  class  of 
Orientalists  of  whom  Voltaire  made  such  fun 
in  the  preface  to  his  '  Charles  XII.'  or  '  Pierre 
le  Grand,'  I  now  forget  which. 

The  "  perhaps  greatest  European  authority 
on  the  group  of  Central  Asiatic  languages" 
begins  his  disquisition  with  the  ex  cathedra 
statement  that  every  one  knows  that  formerly 
all  Europe  was  agreed  in  saying  and  writing 
Tartar,  and  it  is  only  in  modern  times  that 
would-be  clever  folks  have  begun  to  substi- 
tute the  incorrect  form  Tatar.t  "All  Europe" 
must  be  taken  in  a  somewhat  restricted  sense, 
like  "  the  British  nation "  in  the  famous 
manifesto  issued  by  the  three  tailors  of 
Tooley  Street,  because  it  never  included 
Russia,  Poland,  Hungary,  Rumania,  or 
Turkey.  It  must  be  assumed,  therefore,  that 
the  learned  Orientalist  was  not  aware  of  this 
circumstance,  or  he  would  have  made  some 
attempt  to  explain  why  so  many  millions  of 
Europeans,  all  of  whom  have  been  in  close 
contact  with  the  Tartars  off  and  on  for 
centuries,  use  the  incorrect  form.  He  gives 
some  kind  of  explanation  why  the  Tartars 
themselves,  the  Turks,  Arabs,  and  Persians, 
do  not  use  the  right  name  ;  but  as  a  matter 
of  fact  he  has  not  produced  a  tittle  of  evidence 
to  show  that  the  form  Tartar  was  used  by 
any  one  else  than  the  Armenians,  the  Greek 
and  Latin  writers,  and  the  Western  nations 
of  Europe.  France  and  England  are  still 
orthodox  in  this  respect,  but  the  Germans  are 
gradually  going  over  to  the  opposite  faction. 
Even  O.  Wolff,  although  "on  the  right  track 
of  the  etymology  of  the  word  Tartar,"  has 


^Letters  of  Lady  M.  W.  Montagu,'  ed.  1837, 
ii.  217-220  ;  '  Letters  of  Horace  VValpole,'  Cunning-, 
ham's  ed.,  ii.  262  ;  Toynbee's  ed.,  iii.  64. 

t  But  Dr.  Koelle  himself  quotes  from  the  sixteenth 
century  '  Thesaurus '  of  Rob.  Stephanus  :  "  Tartari 
sive  Tattari  (rdprapoL),  gens  fera." 


used  the  heterodox  form  in  the  title  of  his 
book,  and  wrote  '  Geschichte  der  Mongolen 
oder  Tataren '  (Breslau,  1872).  Dr.  Koelle 
himself  confesses  that  his  views  on  the 
etymological  nature  of  the  name  Tartar  have 
resulted  "  merely  "  (sic)  from  his  exhaustive 
study  of  the  Tartar  roots,  and  therefore  rest 
on  purely  philological  data,  whilst  every 
historical  consideration  seems  to  be  opposed 
to  them.  When  he  asked  Tartars  what  they 
called  themselves,  their  reply  invariably  was 
"Tatar"  or  perhaps  "Tattar."  On  one  occa- 
sion only,  two  men  who  seemed  to  be  more 
intelligent  than  the  rest  promised  the  Berlin 
doctor  that  they  would  make  inquiries,  and 
came  back  with  the,  to  him,  welcome  news 
that  they  had  consulted  some  old  men  of 
their  tribe,  who  thought  that  the  form  advo- 
cated by  him  was  the  right  one. 

With  regard  to  the  allegation  that  the 
Chinese  are  mainly  responsible  for  the  use 
of  the  inaccurate  form,  Dr,  Koelle  seriously 
maintains  that  in  the  name  of  the  village 
Ibn  Taltal,  near  Aleppo  in  Asia  Minor,  the 
second  word,  not  being  Arabic,  must  "evi- 
dently "  be  the  Chinese  pronunciation  of 
Tartar  ;  but  he  does  not  explain  how  other 
geographical  names  like  Tatar  -  Bazardjik, 
Tatar-Bunar,  Tatar-Koi,  Tatar-Mahalle,  «fec., 
have  managed  to  escape  the  same  fate. 

Moreover,  the  doctor  does  not  quote  a 
single  instance  of  the  form  Taltal  from  any 
genuine  Chinese  source.  According  to  D'Her- 
belot,  in  the  Chinese  dictionaries  Tata  is  the 
general  term  for  all  the  Tu  (  =  dogs),  or  bar- 
barians, of  the  North.  Dr.  Koelle  also  quotes 
"Ta-che,"  "Ta-chin"  (i.e.,  Ta  people),  "Tache 
Linya"=the  popular  name  of  a  certain  Tar- 
tar Academician,  "Tatal  au  lieu  de  Tatar  "; 
but  the  form  Taltal  is  evidently  not  to  be 
found  in  any  old  Chinese  source. 

Dr.  Koelle's  explanation  for  the  presence 
of  the  final  r  in  Tatar  may  be  ingenious, 
but  is  not  convincing.  Many  Tartars,  he 
states,  undertook  to  write  their  language 
with  Chinese  characters.  Now,  if  they  found 
their  name  written  as  Tatal  (not  Taltal,  be  it 
noted)  by  the  Chinese,  this  was  a  precedent 
which  they  were  tempted  to  imitate,  first  in 
writing,  and  perhaps  soon  also  in  speaking  ; 
but  as  the  Tartars  did  not  share  the  inability 
to  pronounce  the  letter  r,  they  naturally  said 
Tatar  where  the  Chinese  said  Tatal.  Thus 
the  Tartars  themselves  fell  into  the  habit  of 
pronouncing  their  own  name  as  Tatar, 
partly  from  writing  it  in  Chinese  characters, 
and  still  more  from  their  daily  intercourse 
with  the  Chinese. 

This  theory  is  evidently  founded  on  an 
anecdote  which  I  heard  many  years  ago 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


s.  L  JAX.  2,  wot 


about  a  worthy  German  merchant  who  had 
business  connexions  in  England,  and  one 
day  came  over  to  make  their  personal 
acquaintance.  His  name  was  Abel,  which 
when  pronounced  in  the  Fatherland  rimes 
very  nearly  with  marble ;  but  in  England  he 
found  everybody  called  him  Mr.  Able,  until  at 
last  he  also  "  fell  into  the  habit  of  pronoun- 
cing his  own  name  as  "  Able,  and  had  fresh 
visiting  cards  printed  with  his  new  name 
.spelt  Teutonic?  "  Mr.  Ebel."  To  cut  a  long 
story  short,  in  trying  to  spell  his  name  as 
his  English  friends  pronounced  it,  the  poor 
German  changed  the  spelling  next  to  Mr. 
Ibel,  Eibel,  Eubel,  Jubel,  ana  finally  wound 
up  with  Mr.  Dschubel,  after  which  he  gave 
up  all  further  attempts  in  despair. 

To  return  to  our  Tartars.  As  the  pronun- 
ciation of  the  first  r  presented  to  them  no 
greater  difficulty  than  the  second,  why  did 
they  perpetuate  the  wrong  and  "un-Tartar  " 
form  Tatar,  and  not  revert  to  the  original, 
the  "  unmutilated  :'  form  Tartar  ? 

History,  as  we  see  and  as  Dr.  Koelle  him- 
self confesses,  is  against  him ;  but  let  us  look 
into  his  etymological  proof.  The  root  tar 
means  to  draw  (in  German  ziehen),  to  pull,  to 
move  on,  to  roam  about,  and  the  Tartar 
words  derived  from  it  are  so  numerous  and 
of  such  miscellaneous  meanings  that  they 
outnumber  those  of  the  corresponding  Ger- 
man Zv.(j,i^\'  enumerating  all  of  which  our 
worthy  editor  cannot  spare  the  space,  and 
the  reader  is  therefore  referred  to— Mark 
Twain's^ 'Tramp  Abroad.'  Hence  tar-tar  is 
in  Dr.  Koelle's  opinion  a  characteristic  name 
for  a  people  who  constantly  move  from  place 
to  place,  and  it  means  move-on-move-on.  Now 
tat-ar  is  also  a  genuine  Tartar  word  ;  but  it 
means  t<tsta',  and  consequently  it  is  not  to 
the  doctor's  taste,  because  it  is  not  charac- 
teristic, and  also  because,  when  the  Tartars 
pronounce  their  own  name,  "  they  do  not  say 
Tat-ar  [nor  Tar-tar]  but  Ta-tar  [or  Tat-tar]." 
We  may  now  add  Tatar  is  correct.  Q.E.D. 
So  much  for  the  etymological  proof. 

With  regard  to  the  use  of  the  form  Tartar, 
as  already  stated,  it  is  used  by  the  Armenians, 
by  mediaeval    Greek   writers    like  Georgios 
Akropolita    (A.D.   1203-61,   but    the  modern 
Greeks    have    gone  over    to  the   heterodox 
party),  by  mediaeval  Latin  writers,  and  by 
the  Western  nations  of  Europe,  except  some 
•scholars   like   A.    Schiefner,    Vambe'ry,    and 
D.......  the  old  author  of '  Histoiredes  Tatars,' 

who  know  something  about  the  Tartars.  The 
advocates  of  the  form  Tatar  maintain  that 
the  superfluous  r  was  introduced  by  St. 
Louis  (the  king,  not  the  bishop)  to  enable 
him  to  make  a  pun.  When  writing  to  his 


mother  Blanche,  in  1241,  he  perpetrated  the 
historic  jeu  de  mot :  "  We  shall  either  thrust 
back  those  whom  we  call  Tartars  into  their 
own  seats  in  Tartarus,  whence  they  pro- 
ceeded, or  else  they  will  transmit  us  all-up 
to  heaven."  Dr.  Koelle  ridicules  this  ex- 
planation, and  he  may  be  right.  I  am  abso- 
lutely neutral  on  this  point,  and  will  merely 
give  a  few  more  facts. 

The  Dominican  monk  Julian,  who  brought 
the  first  tidings  of  their  approach  to  Hungary 
in  1237,  calls  them  Tartari. 

According  to  Matthew  Paris,  "  Dicuntur 
autem  Tartari  a  quodam  fluinine  per  montes 
eorum,  quos  jam  penetraverant,  decurrente, 
quod  dicitur  Tartar"  ('Chronica  Major,' 
Luard's  edition  in  the  Master  of  the  Rolls 
Series,  iv.  78). 

There  is  a  very  suspicious  letter,  dated 
10  April,  1242,  "cujusdem  episcopi  Ungari- 
ensis  [sic]  ad  Episcopum  Pari[si]ensem,"  in 
which  the  name  is  Tartareus,  and  they  are 
said  to  use  Hebrew,  not  Chinese,  characters 
(literas  habent  Judceorurti)  ;  ibidem,  vi.  75. 

Henry  Raspe,  Landgrave  of  Thuringia, 
also  in  1242,  writes,  "dicti  homines  Tartari 
vocati." 

The  "Abbas  Sanctse  Marise  totusque  con- 
yen  tus  ejusdem  loci,  ordinis  Sancti  Benedict! 
in  Hungaria  commorantes,"  writes  from 
Vienna  on  4  Jan.,  1242,  "Tartari  qui  vocantur 
Ysmaelitse."  The  convent  has  not  yet  been 
identified,  and  Ismaelite  merchants  were 
trading  in  Hungary  in  1092,  and  whole 
Ismaelite  villages  were  extant  in  that  country 
in  the  reign  of  Coloman  (1095-1116). 

Jordan,  provincial  vicar  of  the  Fran- 
ciscans in  Poland,  in  his  letter  of  10  April, 
1242,  also  perpetrates  the  pun,  "a  gente 
Tartariorum,  a  Tartaro  oriunda." 

The  Warden  of  the  Franciscans  at  Cologne 
writes  about  them  with  some  familiarity  as 
the  people  "  quos  vulgariter  Tartaros  appel- 
amus." 

All  these  passages  are  to  be  found  in  vol.  vi. 
of  Matthew  Paris's  'Chronicle'  already  re- 
ferred to. 

In  conclusion,  after  having  considered  Dr. 
Koelle's  paper  we  see  that  we  cannot  do 
better  than  imitate  the  Tartars'  own  pro- 
nunciation and  call  them  Tatars  henceforth. 

L.  L.  K. 

'  THE  ABBEY  OP  KILKHAMPTON  '  (9th  S.  xii. 
381,  411,  488).— I  have  "The  Third  Edition, 
with  Considerable  Additions," of  'The  Abbey 
of  Kilkhampton ;  or,  Monumental  Records 
for  the  Year  1980,'  Ac.,  London,  1780.  It 
contains  110  epitaphs. 

I  have  also  "  The  Abbey  of  Kilkhampton. 
An  Improved  Edition.  London,  Printed  for 


10Ih  S.  I.  JAX.  2,  1901.] 


13 


G.  Kearsley,  at  Johnson's  Head,  No.  46  Fleet 
Street,  MDCCLXXXVIII.  Price  Half  a  Crown.'' 
The  preface  states:  "The  same  Truth  and 
the  same  Spirit  which  prevailed  in  the  two 
parts  of  '  Kilkhampton  Abbey  '  are  blended 
in  the  continuation,  and  the  whole  is  offered 
to  the  Reader  in  a  single  volume."  It  con- 
tains 200  epitaphs  (the  110  contained  in  the 
edition  of  1780  inclusive).  The  last  epitaph 
ends,  "Ob.  11  Aug.,  1841" — obviously  a  mis- 
take. 

A  copy  of  'The  Abbey  of  Kilkhampton,' 
described  as  an  improved  edition,  1788,  was 
sold  at  auction  in  New  York,  March,  1892. 
In  the  sale  catalogue  the  book  is  ascribed  to 
Wm.  Waring. 

In  a  weekly  publication  entitled  the  DeviUs 
Pocket -Hook  (London,  1786)  is  a  series  of 
articles  entitled  "  Monumental  Records : 
being  intended  as  a  Supplement  to  'The 
Abbey  of  Kilkhampton.' " 

JOHN  TOWNSHEND. 

Bennett  Building,  New  York. 

"  MOLTJBDINOUS  SLOWBELLY"  (9th  S.  xii. 
487). — Might  one  observe  that  the  first  portion 
of  this  elegant  phrase  is  an  erroneously 
anglicized  form  of  "  mplybdenous,"  now  a 
chemical  term  ?  According  to  current  usage, 
therefore,  Mo  should  replace  Pb  in  the  slow- 
belly  formula.  J.  DORMER. 

EUCHRE  (9th  S.  xii.  484).— Mr.  R.  F.  Foster 
thinks  this  game  is  derived  from  spoil-five. 
Mr.  C.  H.  Meehan  says  it  was  introduced  by 
German  settlers  into  Pennsylvania.  Both 
are  agreed  that  it  is  not  derived  from  ecarte. 
Mr.  Foster  points  out  that  some  features  of 
the  game  resemble  "  triomphe,"  from  which 
ecarte  is  also  derived.  The  earliest  mention 
of  euchre  that  I  have  found  is  in  '  An 
Exposure  of  the  Arts  and  Miseries  of  Gamb- 
ling,' by  J.  H.  Green  (Philadelphia,  1843). 
The  word  is  there  spelt  "eucre."  (See  also 
7th  S.  vii.  307,  358.)  F.  JESSEL. 

THE  WYKEHAMICAL  WORD  "TOYS"  (9th  S. 
xii.  345,  437,  492).— As  I  am  asked  for  my 
opinion  on  this  matter,  I  give  it  for  what  it 
is  worth. 

It  is  clear  that  the  derivation  from  loise, 
a  fathom,  is  a  mere  bad  shot. 

It  is  also  obvious  that  Mr.  H.  C.  Adams 
does  not  know  Grimm's  law,  or  he  would  not 
equate  the  "Dutch  tuychen"  (i.e ,  the  Mid.  Du. 
tuychen.  Mod.  Du.  tuic/)  with  the  Gk.  revx 
which  is,  of  course,  from  a  totally  different 
root. 

It  also  appears  that  Mr.  Wrench  has  mis- 
understood the  entry  in  the  '  Promptorium, 
and  mixes  up  Anglo-French  with  Parisian 


The  entry  "Teye,  of  a  cofyr,"  does  not  mean1 
that  theca  or  teye  has  the  sense  of  coffer.  It 
means  that  teye  has  the  sense  of  the  Lat. 
theca,  "an  envelope,  cover,  case,  sheath,''  and 
efers  to  the  cover  of  a  coffer,  not  the  coffer 
itself.  Else  why  the  word  "  of  "  ?  That  thi* 
s  the  right  sense  of  theca  is  clear  from  the 
'act  that  the  modern  E.  form  is  tick,  a  case 
:or  a  feather-bed  or  a  pillow.  And  tick  is  not 
remarkably  like  the  Winchester  word  either 
;n  form  or  sense.  This  Lat.  theca  became  tele 
in  Norman,  and  teye  in  Mid.  English,  and  is- 
'perhaps)  obsolete,  unless  a  trace  of  it  appears- 
in  the  unpublished  part  of  the  'Eng.  Dial. 
Diet.'  The  foreign  form  was  toye  or  toie  ;  for 
xamples  see  taie  in  Littre  ;  but  toye  was 
altered  to  taie  in  the  eighteenth  century,  as 
:n  modern  French.  I  can  find  no  proof  of 
the  introduction  of  this  F.  toye  into  England 
at  any  date,  and  I  greatly  doubt  the  deri- 
vation from  this  source.  To  say  that  toie 
comes  '•'  regularly"  from  Lat.  theca  is  to  ignore 
the  most  marked  distinction  between  the 
French  of  England  and  that  of  France. 

I  cannot  at  all  understand  why  the  word 
may  not  be  a  peculiar  use  of  the  common 
E.  toy,  which  is  at  least  as  old  as  1530  (see 
Palsgrave).  And  this  corresponds  to  Du.  tuig, 
which  becomes  Zeug  in  German,  and  is  a  word 
of  very  wide  application. 

The  peculiar  principle  on  which  Godefroy's- 
'Old  French  Dictionary'  is  written  deserves 
reprobation.  I  look  out  toyette,  and  am 
referred  to  taiete  in  the  Supplement ;  but 
there  is  no  such  word  there.  All  that  I  find 
there  is  taie,  for  which  I  am  referred  to  teie. 
But  of  course  teie  is  not  there  either. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

ISLAND  OF  PROVIDENCE  (9th  S.  xii.  428). — 
There  are  two  Providence  Islands,  about 
which  there  has  been  much  confusion.  One 
(now  called  Old  Providence  Island)  lies  east 
of  the  Mosquito  Coast  between  13°  and  14°  N. 
latitude  and  81°  and  82°  W.  longitude.  This 
is  the  island  referred  to  by  LOBUC.  It  was 
granted  4  December,  1630,  to  the  Earl  of 
Warwick,  Sir  Edmund  Mountford,  John  Pym, 
and  others  (of  whom  the  Earl  of  Arundel  was 
not  one) ;  and  John  Pym  was  the  treasurer 
of  the  company.  Proposals  to  sell  the 
island  to  the  Dutch  were  entertained  between 
1637  and  1639  ;  in  1641  it  was  taken  by  the 
Spanish,  in  1666  it  was  retaken  by  the 
English,  it  again  fell  into  the  hands  of 
the  Spanish,  and  in  1671  was  once  more 
recaptured  by  the  English.  Much  informa- 
tion in  regard  to  this  island  will  be  found  in 
the  'Calendar  of  State  Papers,  Colonial  Series, 
1574-1660.' 

The    other   (now  called  New  Providence 


14 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [id*  s.  i.  JAN-.  2, 190*.' 


Island)  is  one  of  the  Bahamas,  and  was 
granted  1  November,  1C70,  to  the  Duke  of 
Albemarle,  Lord  Ashley,  and  others. 

When  the  late  W.  N.  Sainsbury  edited  (in 
1860)  the  above-mentioned  volume  of  State 
Papers,  he  confused  the  two  islands,  and 
spoke  of  "  the  Bahamas,  or  the  plantation  of 
Providence,  as  the  principal  island  was  called" 
•(p.  xxv),  when  in  reality  the  Providence 
Island  off  the  Mosquito  Coast  was  meant. 
Later,  at  the  request  of  General  Lefroy, 
•Governor  of  the  Bermudas,  Mr.  Sainsbury 
•examined  into  the  matter  closely,  detected  his 
mistake,  and  in  the  Athenceum  of  27  May, 
1876,  pp.  729-30,  the  two  islands  are  carefully 
•differentiated.  ALFRED  MATTHEWS. 

Boston,  U.S. 

CELTIC  TITLES  (9th  S.  xii.  367).— The  eldest 
-sons  of  the  following  Scotch  peers  are  bearers 
•of  the  courtesy  title  of  Master,  in  addition  to 
their  prefix  of  Honourable  : — 

Viscount  Falkland,  Master  of  Falkland. 

Lord  Balfour  of  Burleigh,  Master  of  Bur- 
leigh. 

Lord  Belhaven  and  Stenton,  Master  of  Bel- 
haven. 

Lord  Colville  of  Culross,  Master  of  Colville. 

Lord  Elibank,  Master  of  Elibank. 

Lord  Kinnaird,  Master  of  Kinnaird. 

Lord  Napier,  Master  of  Napier. 

Lord  Pol  war th,  Master  of  Polwarth. 

Lord  Hollo,  Master  of  Hollo. 

Lord  Ruthven,  Master  of  Ruthven. 

Lord  Saltoun,  Master  of  Saltoun. 

Lord  Sempill,  Master  of  Sempill. 

Lord  Sinclair,  Master  of  Sinclair. 

Lord  Torphichen,  Master  of  Torphichen. 

Baroness  Kinloss,  Master  of  Kinloss. 

There  is  Sir  Maurice  Fitzgerald,  Bart., 
known  as  the  "  Knight  of  Kerry." 

THORNE  GEORGE. 

MADAME  DU  DEFFAND'S  LETTERS  (9th  S. 
xii.  366,  438).— I  was  glad  to  read  the  letters 
concerning  the  Begum  of  Bhopal.  I  remem- 
ber seeing  her  Highness— as  far  as  she  could 
be  seen— perched  in  a  howdah  on  top  of  an 
•elephant  at  Delhi  in  1862,  when  two  regi- 
ments had  the  honour  of  marching  past  the 
Begum  —  whether  the  present  princess  or 
her  successor  I  cannot  say  ;  but  I  never 
imagined  for  a  moment  that  this  noble  woman 
had  anything  to  do  with  the  Begum  Sumroo, 
adoptive  mother  of  Mr.  Dyce  Sombre. 

GEORGE  ANGUS. 

St.  Andrews,  N.B. 

To  my  reply  on  this  subject  it  may  be  as 
well  to  add  a  postscript  to  the  effect  that  in 
strict  accuracy  Mr.  Dyce  Sombre  was  not  the 
adopted  son  of  the  Begum  Sumroo,  but  was 


in  fact  her  step-grandson,  and  was  by  her 
constituted  her  co-heir,  along  with  certain 
other  members  of  his  family. 

PATRICK  MAXWELL. 
Bath. 

I  am  obliged  to  the  two  correspondents 
who  have  been  good  enough  to  correct  my 
mistake  as  to  the  Begum  of  Bhopal,  and 
apologize  for  having  made  it.  The  mistake 
is,  after  all,  a  trilling  one,  and  I  cannot  agree 
that  in  confounding  the  Begum  of  Bhopal 
with  the  Begum  of  Sard ha na  I  have  been 

guilty  of  profanity,  nor  can  I  agree  in  the 
epreciatory  estimate,  of  the  character  of  the 
latter  indulged  in  by  one  correspondent. 

Zeibool-nissa,  Begum  of  Sardhtina,  what- 
ever her  origin,  was  a  very  remarkable 
woman,  who  commanded  an  army  after  the 
death  of  her  husband,  the  Belgian  soldier  of 
fortune  Reinhardt,  and  governed  her  exten- 
sive territory  for  many  years  with  moderation 
and  ability.  Sir  William  Bentinck,  the 
Governor-General  of  India,  on  resigning  his 
post  in  1835,  addressed  to  the  Begum  the 
following  letter,  which  attests  the  esteem  in 
which  she  was  held  by  the  British  Govern- 
ment : — 

MY  ESTEEMED  FRIEND, —I  cannot  leave  India 
without  expressing  the  sincere  esteem  I  entertain 
for  your  Highness's  character.  The  benevolence  of 
disposition  and  extensive  charity  which  have  en- 
deared you  to  thousands  have  excited  in  my  mind 
sentiments  of  the  warmest  admiration  ;  and  1  trust 
you  may  yet  be  preserved  for  many  years,  the  solace 
of  the  orphan  and  widow,  and  the  sure  resource  of 
your  numerous  dependants.  To-morrow  morning  I 
embark  for  England,  and  my  prayers  and  best  wishes 
attend  you,  and  all  others  who,  like  you,  exert  them- 
selves for  the  benefit  of  the  people  of  India. 
I  remain,  with  much  consideration, 
Your  sincere  friend, 

M.    YV.    15ENTIXCK. 

Calcutta,  March  17,  !S;i3. 

The  person  to  whom  this  letter  was  ad- 
dressed must  have  been  no  ordinary  woman. 
I  may  add  that  the  Begum  Sombre  was  a 
Catholic,  and  that  on  the  second  anniversary 
of  her  death  a  solemn  requiem  was  performed 
at  Rome,  and  Mr.  (afterwards  Cardinal) 
Wiseman  preached  a  sermon  in  which  he 
extolled  the  deceased  Begum  for  her  charities 
and  toleration.  JOHN  HEBB. 

The  history  of  Begum  Sumroo  and  Dyce 
Sombre  may  be  read  at  some  length  in  8th  S. 
vii.  269,  309,  375,  479;  x.  83.  I  may  add 
references  to  the  Illustrated  London  News, 
6  Nov.,  1847,  p.  291  j  12  July,  1831,  p.  42  ;  and 
'Diet.  Nat.  Biog.,'  xvi.  281.  W.  C.  B. 

GEORGE  ELIOT  AND  BLANK  VERSE  (9th  S. 
xii.  441). — Monotony  in  decasyllabic  lines 
may  be  avoided,  not  only  by  "  variety  in 


10"'  S.  I.  JAN.  2,  1904.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


15 


the  incidence  of  the  accent,"  but  by  variety 
in  the  place  of  the  ceesura.    Thus  : — 
Remote,  unfriended,  |  melancholy,  slow, 
Or  by  the  lazy  Scheldt  |  or  wandering  Po, 
Or  onward  |  where  the  rude  Carinthian  boor 
Against  the  houseless  stranger  |  shuts  the  door, 
Or  where  Campania's  plain  |  forsaken  lies, 
A  weary  waste  j  expanding  to  the  skies. 

The  normal  division  of  the  syllables  raaj 
be  said  to  be  five-five,  and   the  permissible 
variations    to    be    four-six,    six-four,   three 
seven,  and  seven-three. 

The  skilful  reader,  by  judicious  pauses 
and  suitable  accelerations  and  retardations 
makes  the  two  divisions  of  each  line  occupy 
the  same  time:  and  the  skilful  versifier  so 
arranges  his  words  that  the  pauses,  &c.,  may 
•seem  to  arise  out  of  the  meaning  to  be  ex- 
pressed, and  not  to  have  been  merely  dictatec 
by  the  exigencies  of  the  metre.  C.  J.  I. 

'PRACTICE  OF  PIETY'  (9th  S.  xii.  485).— 
This  was  perhaps  the  most  popular  devotional 
book  of  the  seventeenth  century.  It  was 
translated  into  several  languages,  and  was 
•carried  almost  by  everybody  everywhere. 
It  was  written  by  Lewis  Bayly  ;  see  '  D.N.B.,' 
iii.  449  ;  'N.  &  O  ,'  6th  S.  xii.  321. 

W.  C.  B. 
[MR.  W.  B.  GERISH  sends  the  same  information.] 

JACOBIN  :  JACOBITE  (9th  S.  xii.  469,  508).— 
There  is  a  work,  doubtfully  attributed  to 
Defoe,  entitled  'Hannibal  at  the  Gates ;  or, 
the  Progress  of  Jacobinism,'  and  published  in 
1712.  But  Defoe  does  not.  so  far  as  I  am 
aware,  use  this  spelling.  J.  DORMER. 

FLAYING  ALIVE  (9th  S.  xii.  429,  489).— If 
there  is  any  truth  in  the  following  story, 
told  by  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth,  flaying  alive 
was  not  peculiarly  Oriental  :— 

"In  his  days  [King  Morvid's]  did  a  certain  king 
of  the  Moranians  land  with  a  great  force  on  the 

shore    of    Northumberland Morvid    thereupon, 

collecting  together  all  the  youth  of  his  dominions, 
marched  forth  against  them,  and  did  give  him 

battle and  when  he  had  won  the  victory  not  a 

soul  was  left  on  live  that  lie  did  not  slay.  For  he 
commanded  them  to  be  brought  unto  him  one  after 
the  other  that  he  might  glut  his  blood-thirst  by 
putting  them  to  death,  and  when  he  ceased  for  a 
time  out  of  sheer  weariness,  he  ordered  them  to  be 
akinned  afire,  and  burned  after  they  »-cre  skinned." 

E.  MARSTON. 

8t.  Dunstan's  House. 

^  FABLE  AS  TO  CHILD-MURDER  i;v  JEWS  (9th 
^.  xii.  446,  497).— As  MR.  HUTCHINSON  gives 
no  reference  to  John  Aubrey  (whom  he 
calls  John  Audley),  it  may  be' worth  while 
to  record  that  the  story  to  which  he  alludes 
is  to  be  found  in  the '  Letters/  vol.  ii.  pp.  492-4. 
JOHN  B.  WA  IN  E  WRIGHT. 


QLTEEN  ELIZABETH  AND  NEW  HALL,  ESSEX 
(9th  S.  xii.  208,  410,  477,  496).— ME.  HOOPER 
says,  "Elizabeth  gave  New  Hall  to  the  Earl 
of  Sussex."  I  assume  that  this  Xew  Hall  is 
not  "  Newhall  Josselyne,  co.  Essex.'1 

FOLK-LORE  OF  CHILDBIRTH  (9th  S.  xii.  288, 
413,  455,  496).— Swift  alludes  to  the  parsley 
in  the  following  ('  Letters,'  vol.  ii.  p.  241, 
London,  1768) '  Receipt  for  stewing  Veal '  :— 

Take  a  knuckle  of  veal : 
You  may  buy  it  or  steal  it. 

Then  what 's  joined  to  a  place, 
With  other  herbs  muckle  ; 
That  which  killed  King  Will, 
And  what  never  stands  still. 
Some  sprigs*  of  that  bed 
Where  children  are  bred,  &c. 

IB  AGUE. 

DR.  PARKINS  (9th  S.  xii.  349). -The  '  D.N.B.' 
knows  him  not,  but  it  has  coigns  for  less 
remarkable  men.  The  only  way  in  which  I 
can  help  your  correspondent  is  by  quoting  a 
communication  of  Mr.  J.  Beale  (at  one^  time 
a  contributor  to  these  columns)  to  the  Grant- 
ham  Journal  of  24  August,  1878  :— 

"The  following  titular  paradigm  of  a  pamphlet 
now    before    me    may    form    a    suitable    note    for 
remarks  :— '  Ecce  Homo  !    Critical  remarks  on  the 
infamous  publications  of  John  Parkins,  of  Little 
Gonerby,  near  Grantham  ;  better  known  as  Doctor 
Parkins:  who  impiously  and  blasphemously  styles 
himself  The  Grand  Ambassador  of  Heaven !   par- 
ticularly in  his  Cabinet  of  Wealth,  Celestial  \\  ar- 
rior,  and  Book  of  Miracles ;  in  which  he  pretends 
to  Command  the  Angels  of  Heaven,  to  Avert  the 
Evils  of  Human  Life,  to  Work  Miracles,  to  Cast 
out  Devils,  to  Destroy  Witches,  to  Foretell  t  uture 
Events,  &c  ,  &c.,  being  an  attempt  to  expose  the 
falsehood  of  his  pretensions,  and  to  prove  that  the 
only  design  of  his  writings  is  to  beguile  the  weak 
and  ignorant,  and  to  promote  the  sale  of  (what  he 
calls)  his  Holy  Consecrated  Lamens,  founded  on  the 
absurd  principles  of  Astrology.    Interspersed  with 
anecdotes.      [Then  a  Greek  quotation  from  Acts 
xiii.  10;  next  a  quotation  from   Shakspear ;   and 
then  a  quotation  from  Dr.  Adam  Clarke.]    Grant- 
ham  :  printed  for,  and  published  by  the  author,  and 
may  be  had   of    all    booksellers.     Storr,    printer, 
irantham.'    I  understand  that  the  book  was  printed 
at  the  premises  now  occupied  by  Mr.  Bushby  in 
Vine  Street ;  and  that  the  name  of  the  author  was 
Weaver,  in  some  way  connected  with  the  printing 
office.      The  selling  price  was  I*.  6cZ.     Its  title— 
\ddress  'To  the  Great  Ambassador  of  Heaven! 
dated  '—near  Grantham,  4th  August,  1819/  and  pre- 
ace  take  up  pages  i-vii,  contents  ix,  x,  and 
Homo  '  with  '  addendum '  pages  1-72.  The  '  Doctor 
s  stated  to  have  been  the  author  of  '  The  Cabinet 
if    Wealth,'    'Key    to    the    Wise    Man's    Crown, 
Young  Man's  Best  Companion,'  'Complete  Herbal 
*nd  Family  Physician,'   'Book   of    Miracles.'  and 
everal    other    valuable    and    useful    publications, 
oesides    'The    Celestial    Warrior'    (p.    4-3). 


*  "  Parselv.     Vide.  Chamberlayne.' 


16 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


s.  i.  JAN.  2, 


character,  however,  is  thus  summarized  by  Weaver 
in  his  '  conclusion  '  (p.  69) — 'The  first  step  Perkins 
inade  towards  his  present  height  of  blasphemy  and 
imposture,  was  to  dignify  himself  with  the  title  of 
Doctor,  and  to  commence  watercaster,  astrologer, 
and  fortune-teller,  but  he  was  then  consulted  only 
by  silly  servant  girls  who  wanted  sweethearts  and 
brainsick  lovers  pining  after  maids.  A  temporary 
suspension  being  given  to  his  practice  in  1810  at  the 
Grantham  .Sessions,  he  invented  the  system  of 
Lamenism,  or  spiritual  astrology,  in  the  hope  of 
evading  further  interruption  from  the  law  ;  and  by 
one  bold  stroke  after  another,  arrived  at  his  present 
pitch  of  worthless  popularity.'  Mr.  Healey,  hair- 
dresser, &c.,  Market-place,  kindly  lent  me  the 
pamphlet  for  perusal,  &c.,  and  it  is  now  in  his 
possession  should  any  one  wish  to  see  it. — J.  BEALK." 

ST.  SwiTHIN. 

'  .MY  OLD  OAK  TABLE  '  (9th  S.  xii.  448, 514).— 
'  The  Oak  Table,' or  '  My  Oak  Table,'  was  sung 
erroneously  to  the  tune  of  "My  lodging  is 
on  the  cold  ground."  The  true  tune  is  Charles 
Dibdin's,  belonging  to  the  year  1799,  sung  in 
his  entertainment  named  '  Tom  Wilkins,'  at 
Leicester    Place,  one  of  the  "Sans   Souci." 
The  song  for  which  it  was  composed  was  'The 
Last  Shilling,'  the  words  beginning  thus:— 
As  pensive  one  night  in  my  garret  I  sat, 
My  last  shilling  produced  on  the  table, 
That  advent'rer,"  cried  I,  "  might  ahistory  relate, 
If  to  think  and  to  speak  it  were  able." 
Whether  fancy  or  magic  'twas  play'd  me  the  freak, 

The  face  seem'd  with  life  to  be  filling, 
And  cried,  instantly  speaking,  or  seeming  to  speak, 
"  Pay  attention  to  me,  thy  Last  Shilling." 

Three  stanzas  follow,  worth  giving,  should 
the  Editor  of  '  X.  &  Q.'  permit,  varying  the 
theme,  but  adopting  the  manner  of  Charles 
Dibdin's  '  Last  Shilling,'  and  keeping  to  the 
same  tune  (see  the  music  of  it  in  vol.  ii. 
pp.  238-40  of  G.  H.  Davidson's  'Songs  of 
Charles  Dibdin,  with  music  arranged  by 
George  Hogarth,'  London,  1848  edition). 
Genial  Tom  Hudson,  author  of  'Jack  Robin- 
son '  and  many  other  popular  ditties,  wrote 
and  sung  'The  Oak  Table'  in  1822.  He 
printed  it  in  the  'Fourth  Collection  of  his 
S-jngs,'  p.  23.  Here  are  the  words  :— 

THE  OLD  OAK  TABLE. 

(Tune  of  Charles  Dibdin's  '  The  Last  Shilling.') 
I  had  knock'd  out  the  dust  from  my  pipe  t'other 
night, 

mO1£  Time  toward8  midnight  was  creeping : 

1  he  last  smoke  from  its  ashes  had  taken  to  flight  — 

I  telt  neither  waking  nor  sleeping  • 
\\  lien  a  voice  loud   and    hollow,   and  seemingly 
near, — 

You  '11  say  'twas  a  dream  or  a  fable, 
Directed  towards  me,  said,  audibly  clear, 

"  List,  list,  list  to  me,  thy  oak  table  ! " 

"  I  was  once  of  the  forest  the  monarch  so  bold 
>ior  tempest  nor  storm  made  me  tremble  • 

«r  ofK  veiT  oft>  the  famed  Druids  of  old 
U  ould  under  my  branches  assemble  : 


Their  mysterious  rites  they'd  perform  before  me,— 

Those  rites  to  unfold  I  am  able  ; 
5ut  be  that  now  forgot,  —  I  was  then  an  oak  tree, 

And  now  I  am  but  an  oak  table. 

When  the  axe  brought  me  down,  and  soon  lopped 
was  each  bough, 

And  to  form  a  ship  I  was  converted, 
Manned  by  true  hearts  of  oak  the  wide  ocean  to 
plough, 

And  by  Victory  never  deserted.    (Bis.) 
But  worn  out  by  Time,  and  reduced  to  a  wreck, 

Bereft  of  my  anchor  and  cable, 
A  carpenter  bought  me,  and  with  part  of  my  deck 

Made  me  what  you  see  now—  an  oak  table. 


thrust  in  a  corner,  put  out  of  the  way.— 
But  I  fear  I  your  patience  am  tiring,  — 
[  expect  nothing  less  than,  some  forthconiing  day,. 

To  be  chopped  up,  and  used  for  your  firing." 
"  No,  never  !  "  cried  I,  as  I  started  awake, 
"  I  '11  protect  thee,  so  long  as  I'm  able  : 
And  eacn  friend  that  my  humble  cheer  will  partake 
Shall  be  welcome  around  My  Oak  Table  !  " 

Written  by  Tom  Hudson,  1821. 

They  sang  good  songs  in  those  days  eighty 
years  ago.  J.  WOODFALL  EBS  \VORTH. 

The  Priory,  Ashford,  Kent. 

DK.  DEE'S  MAGIC  MIRROR  (9th  S.  xii.  467).— 
The  following  quotation  from  the  'D.N.B.' 
article  on  the  astrologer  may  perhaps  be 
useful  in  illustration  of  MR.  PAGE'S  interest- 
ing note  :  — 

"The  magic  mirror,  a  disc  of  highly  polished 
cannel  coal,  was  preserved  in  a  leathern  case,  and 
was  successively  in  the  hands  of  the  Mordaunts, 
Earls  of  Peterborough,  Lady  Elizabeth  Germaine, 
John,  Duke  of  Argyll,  Lord  Frederick  Campbell, 
and  Mr.  Strong  of  Bristol,  who  purchased  it  at  the 
Strawberry  Hill  sale  in  1842,  though  another  account 
states  that  it  was  then  acquired  by  Mr.  Smythe 
Pigott,  at  the  sale  of  whose  library  in  1853  it  passed 
into  the  possession  of  Lord  Londesborough  (Journal 
of  British  Archaeological  Assoc.,  v.  52;  'N.  &  Q.,' 
3rd  S.  iv.  155).  Dee's  shew  stone,  or  holy  stone, 
which  he  asserted  was  given  to  him  by  an  angel,  is- 
in  the  British  Museum.  It  is  a  beautiful  globe  of 
polished  crystal,  of  the  variety  known  as  smoky 
quartz  (Archaeological  Journal,  xiii.  372  ;  '  N.  &  Q./ 
7th  S.  iv.  306)." 

I  may  add  that  one  day  at  the  end  of 
October  last  I  was  shown  by  a  lady  (born 
Napier),  who  lives  at  the  extreme  south- 
western corner  of  Cambridgeshire,  a  crystal 
globe  (pierced  through  the  middle)  which 
once  belonged  to  Dr.  Dee.  It  had  been,  I 
understand,  one  of  four  similar  holy  stones, 
and  was  purchased  at  the  Strawberry  Hill 
sale.  A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

On  22  November,  1592,  Mr.  Secretary 
Walsingham  and  Sir  Thomas  Gorges  were 
appointed  by  Queen  Elizabeth  commissioners 
"to  hear  the  grievances  of  Dr.  Dee,  the 
German  conjurer,  and  repaired  to  his  house 
at  Mortlake,  Surrey,  for  that  purpose,  to 
understand  the  matter,  and  the  cause  for 


10th  S.  I.  JAN.  2,  1904.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


17 


•which  his  studies  were  scandalized."  Dr. 
Dee's  methods  must  have  been  highly 
approved  of  by  these  two  long-headed  com- 
missioners, for  the  queen  afterwards  sent 
Dee  100  marks  by  the  hands  of  Sir  Thomas 
Gorges.  THORNE  GEORGE. 

CROWNS  is  TOWER  OR  SPIRE  OF  CHURCH 
(9th  S.  xii.  485).— The  spire  of  St.  Nicholas's, 
Newcastle  (a  cathedral  since  1882),  built  in 
1474,  is  200ft.  high,  and,  being  supported  by 
flying  buttresses,  is  a  unique  feature  in  Eng- 
lish cathedral  churches.  It  seems  to  have 
inspired  the  similar  spires  at  St.  Giles's, 
Edinburgh  ;  the  Tron  Church,  Glasgow ; 
King's  College,  Aberdeen  ;  and  Wren's  poor 
copy  at  St.  Dunstan's-in-the-East,  London. 
The  still  existing  towers  of  Linlithgow  and 
Haddington  once  possessed  other  editions  of 
this  Newcastle  crown.  The  south-western 
tower  of  Rouen  Cathedral,  the  Tour  de 
Beurre,  is  surmounted  by  an  octagonal  lan- 
tern, which  in  its  turn  is  finished  by  a  carved 
parapet,  said  to  represent  the  ducal  coronet 
•of  Normandy.  A  beautiful  drawing  of  this 
tower  exists,  made  by  Ruskin  in  1835  under 
the  influence  of  Prout.  Begun  in  1487 
:and  completed  in  1507  by  Jacques  le 
lloux  the  Tour  de  Beurre  contained  the  great 
bell  "  Georges  d'Amboise,"  the  largest  out- 
side Russia,  which  cracked  with  grief  in  1786 
at  being  called  upon  to  ring  for  Louis  XVI. 

A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

[R.  B— R  mentions  the  spires  at  Newcastle  and 
Aberdeen.] 

"  GOD'S  SILLY  VASSAL"  (9th  S.  xii.  447).— In 
September;  1593,  when,  after  the  Reforma- 
tion, things  were  unsettled,  the  Provincial 
Assembly  of  the  Church  of  Scotland  met 
at  St.  Andrews  and  excommunicated  the 
Catholic  lords,  who  a  year  afterwards  fled 
from  Scotland,  but  were  recalled  in  1596. 
The  General  Assembly,  suspecting  that 
James  VI.  favoured  the  lords,  resolved  to 
learn  the  truth  from  himself,  and  in  Sep- 
tember commissioned  Andrew  Melville  (Rec- 
tor of  the  University  of  St.  Andrews)  and 
others  to  appear  before  his  Majesty  at  Falk- 
land Palace.  The  king  received  them,  but 
.plainly  showed  he  was  in  no  mood  to  brook 
interference,  and  declared  their  coming  to  be 
without  warrant  and  seditious.  This  was 
more  than  the  redoubtable  Andrew  could 
•submit  to.  James  Melville,  who  was  present, 
says  in  his  '  Autobiography  and  Diary ' 
{Edinburgh,  1842)  that  thereupon  Mr. 
Andrew  "  brak  put  upon  the  king  in  sa 
aealus  and  unresistible  a  maner,  that,  how- 
beit  the  king  used  his  authority  in  a  most 
•eolerik  maner,  Mr.  Andrew  bore  him  down," 


and  declared  his  warrant  to  be  from  the 
mighty  God,  calling  the  king  but  God's  silly 
vassal,  and,  taking  him  by  the  sleeve,  told 
him,  in  no  measured  language,  that  there 
were  two  kings  and  two  kingdoms  in  Scot- 
land. There  was  Christ  Jesus  the  King  and 
his  kingdom  the  Kirk,  whose  subject  King 
James  was,  and  of  which  kingdom  he  was 
not  a  king,  nor  a  lord,  nor  a  head,  but  a  mere 
member.  He  also  told  the  king  that  when 
he  was  in  his  4i  swadling-cloutes  "  the  Kirk 
ever  looked  after  his  welfare,  and  would  not 
permit  him  now  to  be  drawn  to  his  own 
destruction  by  the  "  devillische  and  maist  per- 
nicius  Counsall  "  he  had  about  him  ;  and  much 
more  to  the  like  effect.  In  the  end  the  king 
gave  way,  and  dismissed  them  pleasantly, 
and  protested  that  the  lords  would  get  no 
grace  at  his  hands  till  they  had  satisfied  the 
Kirk.  J.  L.  ANDERSON. 

See  P.  Hume  Brown's  '  Hist,  of  Scotland,' 
ii.  224,  and  J.  R.  Green's  'Short  History,' 
sec.  v.  chap.  viii.  C.  S.  WARD. 

[Replies  also  from  MR.  T.  P.  ARMSTRONG  and 
G.  H.  W.] 

BEADNELL  (9th  S.  xii.  469).— I  suggest  that 
MR.  SANDFORD  should  write  to  the  members 
of  the  Beadnell  family  whose  names  he 
already  possesses.  Other  references  are  :• 
William  H.  Beadnell,  picture-frame  maker, 
Glasgow ;  James  Beadnell,  tailor,  Leeds  ; 
William  Ernest  Beadnell,  mechanic.  Leeds  ; 
Charles  Marsh  Beadnell,  M.R.C.S.  Eng., 
L.R.C.P.  Lond.,  L.S.A.  (1895),  surgeon  in  the 
Royal  Navy  ;  and  George  David  Beadnell, 
M.R.C.S.  Eng.,  LR.C.P.  Edin.  (1872),  in  prac- 
tice at  Denman  Island,  British  Columbia. 
CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D.,  F.R  Hist.S. 

This  name  does  not  occur  in  any  directory 
I  have  been  able  to  consult  before  1839. 

In  the  '  Royal  Blue  Books '  for  the  years 
1839  to  1842  are  these  entries  : — 

"  Beadnell,  John,  Esq.  2  Lombard  b:  ;  Totten- 
ham, Middx. ;  Castel-y-l)ale,  near  Xewtown,  Mont- 
gomeryshire." 

"Beadnell,  George,  Esq.  2  Lombard  S:  :  Myfod, 
Montgomeryshire." 

In  the  'Royal  Blue  Books'  for  1S43  and 
1844  George  Beadnell  appears  as  above,  but 
John  Beadnell's  only  address  is  Tottenham. 
In  1845  neither  name  occurs. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

I  remember  a  Mr.  Henry  Beadnell,  a  proof- 
reader in  the  office  of  Messrs.  Cox  «t  Wyman, 
Great  Queen  Street,  printers  to  the  East 
India  Company.  He  was  a  man  of  some 
culture,  and  published  some  works  on  typo- 
graphy, and  a  small  volume  of  original  verse 
and  translations.  There  is  a  Mr.  H.  J. 


18 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[10*8.1.  JAX.  2, 


Llewellyn  Beadnell  in  the  Ministry  of 
Public  Works,  Egypt,  Geological  Survey 
Department.  JOHN  HEBB. 

EPIGRAM  ox  MADAME  DE  POMPADOUR  (9th  S. 
xii.  447).— It  has  been  suggested  that  a  line 
of  Frederic  the  Great  against  the  Abbe  de 
Bernis  caused  France  to  go  against  Prussia. 
If  an  epigram  on  Madame  de  Pompadour 
cannot  be  found,  it  may  be  worth  while  to 
quote  the  following ;  for  it  is  possible  that 
(Jarlyle  made  a  mistake,  and  confounded 
Madame  de  Pompadour  with  her  ally,  the 
Abbe  de  Bernis  :— 

"  Frederic,  ;i  la  fin  d'une  Epitre  au  comte  Gotter, 
oil  il  decrit  les  details  infinis  du  travail  et  de 
1'industrie  humaine,  avait  dit : — 

Je  n'ai  pas  tout  depeint,  la  matiere  est  immense, 

Et  je  laisse  a  Bernis  sa  sterile  abondance. 
On  a  suppose  que  Bernis  connaissait  cette  Epitre, 
et  que  c/avait  ete  le  motif  qui  lui  avait  fait  con- 
seiller  a  Versailles  d'abandonner  le  roi  de  Prusse  et 
de  s'allier  avec  rimperatrice.  Turgot,  dans  des  vers 
satiriques  anonymes  qui  coururent  tout  Paris,  et 
qui  etalaient  au  vif  les  desastres  fletrissants  dont  la 
guerre  de  Sept  Ans  affligeait  la  France,  s'ecriait : — 

Bernis,  est-ce  assez  de  victimes  ? 
Et  les  mepris  d'un  roi  pour  vos  petites  rimes 
Vous  semblent-ils  assez  venges ''. '' 

Sainte-Beuve,  'Causeries  du  Lundi.  L'Abbe  de 
Bernis.' 

E.  YARDLEY. 

BANNS  OF  MARRIAGE  (9th  S.  xii.  107,  215, 
375).  —  It  is  also  allowable,  though  by  no 
means  a  general  custom,  to  publish  the  banns 
of  marriage  after  the  Nicene  Creed,  and  on 
my  last  visit  to  Oxford  I  heard  the  publica- 
tion in  this  place  at  the  church  of  St.  Peter- 
in- the-East.  JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

"PAPERS''  (9th  S.  xii.  387).— Here  are 
examples  of  the  use  of  the  word  "papers,' 
the  extracts  being  made  from  '  Newton  For- 
ster,'  by  Marryat,  published  in  Paris,  Bau- 
dry's  European  Library,  1834,  though  the 
edition  is  not  given  : — 

"  '  I  will  just  speak  a  word  or  two  to  my  father, 
and  be  on  board  in  less  than  half  an  hour.'  '  I 
will  meet  you  there,'  said  Hilton,  '  and  bring  your 
papers.'  "—Chap.  vii.  p.  50. 

"Newton made  all  haste  to  obtain  his  clear- 
ance and  other  papers  from  the  custom-house 

With  his  papers  carefully  buttoned  in  his  coat, 
he  was  proceeding  to  the  boat  at  the  jetty. "— 
( 'hap.  ix.  p.  63. 

•'There  are  my  papers,  sir,  my  clearance  from 
the  custom-house,  and  my  bill  of  lading.' '  1  ob- 
serve,' replied  the  captain,  examining  the  papers, 
'  they  appear  to  be  all  correct.'  " — Chap.  xi.  p.  73. 
MAUD  CALLWELL. 

"  BOAST"  :  ITS  ETYMOLOGY  (9th  S.  x.  444).— 
As  to  boast  is  to  some  extent  to  "  boss  it,"  to 


push  or  press  one's  own  claims  forward,  it 
seems  worth  while  to  consider,  among  the 
possible  progenitors  of  English  iioosf,  the 
verb  hosier,  recorded  by  Frederic  Godefroy 
as  a  variant  of  the  mediteval  French  i>outer, 
which  he  translates  as  meaning  "frapper, 
heurter,  renverser,  presser,  pousser."  Gode- 
froy gives  only  one  quotation  showing  the 
use  of  this  variant  of  the  verb.  To  continue 
the  Baskish  vein,  one  may  point  to  boz= 
glad,  rejoiced,  in  Leicarraga's  New  Testa- 
ment, 1  Cor.  xvi.  17.  It  is  certain  that  Baskish 
z  had,  and  still  sometimes  has,  the  sound  of 
tz  as  in  German.  Salaberry  in  his  dictionary 
notes  bat.-.  as  meaning  "voiz,  suffrage."  Cas- 
tilian  voz  =  voice  would  be  baskonized  by 
boz. 

PROF.  W.  W.  SKEAT  connects  Gothic 
hwopan—ko  boast  with  English  whoop  and 
Dutch  hop  ('A  Moeso-Gothic  Glossary,'  Lon- 
don, 1868).  This  strengthens  the  tendency 
to  take  boast  for  a  derivative  of  vox.  The 
word  for  boast  in  Romans  xi.  18,  1  Cor.  iv.  7, 
2  Cor.  v.  12,  which  are  quoted  by  PROF. 
SKEAT  under  kioopan,  is  gloria  in  the  Baskish 
version  of  1571.  In  1  Cor.  xiii.  3  Leicarraga 
did  not,  like  Ulfilas,  read  Kavxr)<r(a/j.*ai,  but 

E.  S.   DODGSON. 


BIRCH-SAP  WINE  (9th  S.  xi.  467  ;  xii.  ."><  >. 
296).—  John  Evelyn  in  his  'Sylva'  (book  i. 
chap,  xviii.  §  8)  gives  a  receipt  for  birch-sap 
wine,  to  which  he  attributes  valuable  medi- 
cinal properties.  It  is  interesting  to  observe 
that  in  the  same  work  he  recommends  syca- 
more-sap for  brewing  (chap.  xiii.  §  2\  and,. 
writing  of  the  mountain-ash  (chap.  xvi.  §  2), 
remarks  :  — 

"Some  highly  commend  the  juice  of  the  berries,. 
which,  fermenting  of  itself,  if  well  preserved,  makes 
an  excellent  drink  against  the  spleen  or  scurvy  :. 
Ale  and  beer  brewed  with  them,  being  ripe,  is  an 
incomparable  drink  familiar  in  Wales." 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

London  in  the  Time  of  the  Stuarts.     By  Sir  Walter 

Besant.    (A.  &  C.  Black.) 

THIS  handsome  volume  is  a  companion  to  the 
'London  in  the  Eighteenth  Century'  of  the  same 
author,  for  which  see  9th  S.  xi.  ,98  In  our  notice  of 
the  previous  volume  we  described  the  scheme  of  the 
undertaking  to  which  both  works  belong,  but  were 
far  from  conjecturing  the  extent  of  the  materials 
which  had  been  collected.  Jointly  the  volumes  in 
question  embrace  the  period  between  the  accession 
of  James  I.  and  the  passage  of  the  Reform  Bill. 
Should  enough  matter  remain,  as  seems  to  be  the 


10th  S.  I.  JAN.  2, 190*.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


case,  to  cover  the  reign  of  the  Tudors,  with   the 
close  of  the  Wars  of  the  Roses,  the  suppression  of 
the  monasteries,  the  Pilgrimage  of  Grace,  the  alter- 
nate persecutions  of  Lutherans  and  Catholics,  the 
defeat  of  the  Spanish  Armada,  and  the  intellectual 
and  social  upheaval  under  the  reign  of  Elizabeth, 
we  shall  be  content  and  thankful.     Of  this  we  hear 
nothing,  however,  at  present,  our  immediate  duty 
not  extending  beyond  a  welcome  to  the  volume 
before  us.   Sufficiently  varied  and  stimulating  is  the 
period  dealt  with  to  satisfy  the  most  exorbitant 
appetite.     Beginning  with    the  Gunpowder  Plot, 
the  record  includes  the  deaths,  among  others,  of 
Walter   Raleigh,    Buckingham,    Strafford,    Laud, 
Monmouth,  Lord  Russell,  and  Algernon  Sidney  ; 
the    growth    of    difficulties    between    Charles    I. 
and   the  civic  authorities ;  the  defeat,   trial,   and 
death  of  the  king ;  the  Commonwealth  ;  the  Pro- 
tectorate,   with    all    its    attendant    troubles ;    the 
Restoration  ;   the  great   visitation  of  the  plague ; 
the  Fire  of  London ;   the  Titus  Gates  plot ;    the 
persecutions  of  Jeffreys ;  the  trial  of  the  bishops ; 
the    flight    of   James    II. ;    and    the    accession    of 
William    and    Mary,   ending  with    the    rule,   out- 
wardly placid,  of  Queen  Anne.    Here  alone,  without 
descending  to  events  of  secondary  importance,  is 
"ample  space  and  verge  enough."    It  would  ob- 
viously be  impossible,  but  for  the  limitations  Sir 
Walter  had  imposed  on  his  scheme,  to  comprehend 
within   a  single  volume    any  summary,  even    the 
most  condensed,  of  all  the  matters  opened  out  by 
these  things.     The  limitations  in  question  include, 
however,  the  enforced  avoidance  of  all  historical 
treatment  and  the  omission  of  all  literary  record. 
iSuch  mention,  accordingly,  as  is  made  of  _Milton  is 
in  connexion  with  religion,  and  not  with  literature, 
while  names  such  as   Donne,   Cowley,  Cleveland, 
Vanbrugh,  and  Farquhar  are  not  to  be  found  in  the 
index.    Differing  in  some  respects  from  those  in  the 
volume  on  the  eighteenth  century,  the  divisions  in 
the  present  book  begin  with  the  Stuart  sovereigns, 
of  each  of  whom— with,  in  the  majority  of  instances, 
their  consorts,  mistresses,  descendants,  favourites, 
or  counsellors — portraits  are  supplied.     A  second 
division  includes  religion,  government,  &c.,  and  a 
third,  manners  and  customs.     Between  the  second 
and  third  divisions  is  intercalated  an  account  of 
the  great  Plague  and  Fire,  which  is  likely  to  prove 
the  most  generally  interesting  portion  of  the  volume ; 
and  at  the  close  comes  a  series  of  valuable  appen- 
dixes.    In  what  is  virtually  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury Sir  Walter  finds  the  City  of  London  at  the 
height  of  its  political  importance,  and  he  advances 
the  opinion  that  not  even  "when  London  deposed 
Richard  II.  and  set  up  Henry  IV.  was  the  City  so 
closely  involved  in  all  the  events  of  the  time  as  in 
the  seventeenth  century."    It  is  also  obvious  that 
between  the  beginning  of  the  century  and  its  close 
is  a  vast  breach,  in  which  are  included  the  Civil 
War,   the    Commonwealth,    the    Restoration,    the 
Fire,  and  the  final  rejection  of  James  II.  and  abso- 
lute rule,  which  events  cover  half  the  entire  period. 
It  is  to  a  great  extent  true  that  the  first  half  of  the 
century  is  a  continuation  of  the  sixteenth,  while,  in 
a  sense,  the  second  half  is  a  preparation  for  the 
eighteenth.     These  things  only  bear  out  what  we 
have  affirmed  in  connexion  with  the  volume  pre- 
viously issued,  that  divisions  such  as  are  ordinarily 
used  are  purely  arbitrary.     In  favour  of  the  seven- 
teenth century  Sir  Walter  claims  that  it  secured 
the  country  for  two  hundred  years  —  and  for  an 
indefinite  period   beyond,  so  far  as  can  be   pro- 


phesied—  from   the  personal    interference   of   the- 
sovereign. 

It  is  not  in  connexion  with  the  greatest  political 
events  that  the  volume  is  most  edifying.  These  are 
dealt  with  at  full  length  in  the  histories  to  which 
one  ordinarily  has  recourse.  Sir  Walter  is  a  pleasant 
companion,  however,  when  he  is  moved  to  indigna- 
tion over  the  judicial  murder  of  Alderman  Henry 
Cornish  or  the  burning  alive  of  Elizabeth  Gaunt, 
which,  if  performed  centuries  earlier,  might  have 
brought  additional  infamy  on  the  executioners  of 
Joan  of  Arc.  A  curious  satirical  print  from  the 
British  Museum,  given  p.  115,  illustrates  the  arrest 
of  Jeffreys.  Among  the  subjects  discussed  is  witch- 
craft, which  appears,  naturally,  under  the  head 
'Superstition.'  In  the  same  chapter  may  be  found 
many  strange  instances  of  credulity,  some  of  which 
our  author  is  disposed  to  regard  as  imposture. 
'Sanctuaries'  should  be  read  in  connexion  with 
'  The  Squire  of  Alsatia '  and  '  The  Fortunes  of 
Nigel.'  In  the  chapters  on  '  The  Plague'  and  '  The 
Fire  of  London '  we  naturally  come  upon  traces  of 
Pcpys,  Evelyn,  and  Defoe.  In  the  case  of  the  former 
a  strange  and  little -known  tract,  entitled  'The 
Wonderful  Yeare  1603,'  is  cited.  A  picture  by 
Mr.  F.  W.  W.  Topham,  showing  'A  Rescue  from 
the  Plague,'  is  reproduced  by  the  author's  per- 
mission. As  a  rule  it  is  to  the  less-known  autho- 
rities and  treatises  that  Sir  Walter  turns,  and 
much  of  what  he  says  will  be  new  to  the  vast 
majority  of  readers.  Once  more  the  illustrations1 
add  greatly  to  the  value  of  the  work  and  to  the 
delight  of  the  reader.  These  are  often  from  the 
Grace  and  the  Gardner  collections,  and  from  the 
British  Museum  generally.  Among  the  portraits  re- 
produced is  one  of  James  I.,  after  Paul  van  Somcr,. 
showing  a  wonderfully  sensual  and  repulsive  face, 
bearing  out,  apparently,  the  scandalous  suggestion 
of  Raleigh,  which  is  said  to  have  cost  that  great 
man  dear.  As  in  the  previous  volume,  the  matter 
is  of  varied  interest  and  value,  and  the  book 
may  be  read  with  unending  edification  and 
delight.  That  the  third,  and  presumably  con- 
cluding, portion  will  be  called  for  is  not  to  be 
doubted,  and  the  owner  of  the  perfect  work  will 
be  able  to  boast  of  an  illustrated  chronicle  such  as 
has  only  become  possible  during  the  last  decade. 
What  we  regarded  as  a  wild  dream  of  JMI-  Walter — 
to  show  in  a  connected  form  the  evolution  of  the 
world  of  Victoria  out  of  that  of  Elizabeth  or  her 
sire — seems  on  the  point  of  realization. 

The  Blood  Royal  of  Britain.  Being  a  Roll  of  the 
Living  Descendants  of  Edward  IV.  and  Henry 
VII.,  Kings  of  England,  and  James  III.  of  Scot- 
land. By  the  Marquis  of  Ruvigny  and  Raineval. 
(T.  C.  &  E.  C.  Jack.) 

THERE  is  no  subject  on  which  the  opinions  of 
men  have  changed  more  than  family  history 
and  pedigree  lore.  In  the  eighteenth  and  earlier 
part  of  the  nineteenth  century  such  studies 
were  held  to  form  about  the  lowest  stratum  of 
useless  knowledge.  Sneers  at  them  are  met  with 
continually  in  the  literature  of  those  days,  and  are 
generally  pointless  and  stupid.  A  notable  Welsh- 
man once  said,  and  was  admired  for  the  sentiment, 
that  "  family  pedigrees  were  but  a  web  woven  by 
nature  in  which  the  spider  of  pride  lurked";  and 
Sir  Walter  Scott  was  sometimes  made  fun  of.  and 
at  others  denounced,  because  his  verse  and  .prose 
alike  had  a  tendency  to  direct  the  thoughts  of  his 
readers  to  family  history,  heraldry,  and  allied  sub- 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.          no*  s.  i.  JA v  •_>,  1904, 


i'ects.      In  its  early  days  the  Surtees   Society  was 
ridiculed    in    influential    quarters    for    publishing 
ancient  wills,  which  were  regarded  as  quite  useless 
•for   those  who   possessed   even   a    little  common 
«ense;   and    the    reverence   shown  for  illustrious 
descent  by  Sir    Francis    Palgrave  in    more    than 
one   passage  in    his    '  History    of   Normandy    am 
England '    was    said,    at    the    time    of    publica 
tion,   to   have   injured   the  sale  of   the  work.     A 
.happy  change  has,  however,  taken  place,  -vnd  in 
some    degree,   at    least,   we    ought    to    thank  our 
American    cousins    for    the    improvement.      The 
-educated   classes  of   that   great   democracy  were 
.always  free  from  some  of  those  prejudices  which 
overshadowed  us,  and  were  therefore  anxious  to 
-connect  themselves,  not  only  in  imagination,  but  in 
fact,  with  the  families  of  the  old  land  ;  so  a  large 
number  of  race-histories  have  been  produced— some, 
at  is  true,  executed  on  wrong  lines,  but  others  based 
on  the  soundest  principles  of  modern  research.    We 
.may  safely  say  that  no  work  of  the  nature  of  the 
one  before  us  could  possibly  have  come  into  exist- 
ence half  a  century  ago.    The  times  were  not  ripe 
ior  it,  nor  was  there  a  fitting  architect  to  plan  nor 
workmen  to  execute.     It  is  the  first  book  we  have 
•ever  encountered  wherein  even  an  endeavour  has 
t»een  made  to  carry  out  on  an  extended  and  sys- 
tematic scale    the    royal  descents  of    the  Britisli 
people.     Tlie  Marquis  of  Ruvigny  does  not  go  back 
beyond  Edward  IV.  and  Henry  VII.    He  thus  gives 
the  families  dependent  from  the  Houses  of  York 
and  Lancaster  in  the  female  lines,  so  far  as  un- 
wearied research  and  hard  work  have  enabled  him 
to  collect  and  arrange  them.     A  like  course  has 
been  pursued  with   regard   to  the  descendants  of 
James  III.  of  Scotland      Many  families  inherit  the 
blood  of    the    Plantagenets    and    Stuarts  without 
'being  aware  of  the  fact ;  but  the  Marquis's  labours 
will  be  of  special  advantage  to  those  who,  while 
.aware  of  their  royal  ancestry,   do  not   know  the 
intervening  links    between    themselves   and  their 
•distinguished  progenitors.     We  wish  it  had  been 
•possible  for  the  author  to  begin  his  work   at  an 
•earlier  period— say  with  Henry  II.     Human   life 
iand  energy  have,  however,  their  limitations;   we 
therefore  dare    not    complain.      We  are  too  glad 
that  so  large  an  instalment  has   been  carried  out 
and  done  so  well.    The  author  tells  us  in  the  preface 
some  facts  which  we  are  sure  are  unrecognized  by 
many  who  have  a  special  interest  in  knowing  theni. 
He  enumerates,  for  example,  some  of  the  world- 
renowned  heroes,  with  all  of  whom  the  descendants 
of  Henry  VII.  count  kinship.   He  might  have  added 
.others  ;  but  as  it  stands  the  catalogue  is  highly 
instructive.     Among  them  occur  Alfred  the  Great, 
ISt.  Louis  of  France,  Roderigo  Diaz  de  Bivar  (com- 
jnonly  known  in  England    as    the  Cid),  the  Em- 
perors of  the  East  (Isaac  II.  and  Alexius  I.),  and, 
by  far  the  greatest  of  all.  Charlemagne,  to  whom 
we  owe  the  redemption  of  the  greater  part  of  the 
European  continent  from  barbarism,  and  its  return 
to  such  civilization  as  has  been  found  attainable. 

It  has  been  commonly  assumed  by  those  who  have 
never  given  attention  to  such  subjects  that  royal 
descent  is  very  uncommon,  and  that  when  it  does 
occur  it  is  found  almost  solely  in  the  families  of  our 
older  aristocracy,  whose  existence  is  well  -  nigh 
hidden  in  the  crowded  pages  of  the  modern  peerage. 
This  is  a  strange  mistake.  We  have  personally 
known  men  and  women  in  a  very  humble  class  of 
life  whose  descent  from  Alfred— and,  indeed,  from 
Odin  and  Arthur,  if  these  latter  be  any  thing  beyond 


dream  -  figures  —  is  as  unimpeachable  as  that  of 
royalty  itself.  The  Marquis  mentions  a  butcher, 
a  gamekeeper,  a  glass-cutter,  an  exciseman,  a  toll- 
bar-keeper,  a  baker,  and  a  tailor  who  are  descend- 
ants, through  the  Seymours,  of  Mary,  the  younger 
daughter  ofKing  Henry  VII. 

In  almost  every  direction  care  has  been  taken  to 
make  the  work  as  complete  as  possible.  Thus  we 
have  a  little  shield  put  against  those  persons  who 
have  a  right  to  quarter  the  royal  arms  of  the  Plan- 
tagenets.  It  has  often  been  assumed  that  all  who 
inherit  the  blood  have  a  right  to  the  arms  also  ;  but 
this  is  a  mistake,  in  order  to  guard  against  which  we 
wish  the  author  had  explained  what  are  the  prin- 
ciples by  which  this  right  is  protected.  There  is 
but  one  family—  that  of  the  Duke  of  Athol  and  his 
cousin  Miss  Caroline  F.  Murray—  who  have  a  right 
to  this  "  unique  distinction  "  three  times  over. 

This  great  compilation  is  well  worthy  of  an 
extended  commentary.  We  hope  it  will  excite 
others  to  imitate  it  in  directions  which  might  be 
indicated.  It  must  become  a  necessity  for  every 
one  studying  the  history,  and  especially  the  local 
history,  of  the  last  four  centuries. 

MESSRS.  ARROWSMITU,  of  Bristol,  publish  A 
Patience  Pocket-  Book,  compiled  by  Mrs.  Theodore 
Bent. 


We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices  :  — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
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SIR  E.  T.  BEWLEY.—  "  Heardlome"  shall  appeal- 
next  week. 

P.  P.  A.  ("  They  sa.     Quhat  sa  the:  ?    Lat  them 
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S.  PEARCE.  —  The  death  of  "  Henry  Seton  Merri- 
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io*  s.  L  JAN.  9, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


LONDON,  SATL'llDAY,  JANL'AllY  0,  190,',. 


CONTENTS.-No.  2. 

NOTES  :— Capfc  G.  W.  Manby,  21— Carpenter's  '  Geography 
Delineated,'  22— St.  Margaret's  Churchyard,  Westminster, 
23— Leonardo  da  Vinci's  'Last  Supper '  — Japanese  New 
Year's  Day,  25— Berlioz  and  Sweden borg— Leonardo  da 
Vinci  in  Milan— Caul  — Curious  Christian  Names,  26  — 
"  Acerbative  "— "  Tunnelist "  :  "  Tunnelism,"  27. 

QUERIES  :— St.  Bridget's  Bower—'  Memoirs  of  a  Stomach,' 
27  — '  Worke  for  Cutlers '  —  Earliest  Playbill— Sir  John 
Vaughan— Obiit  Sunday— Chaucer's  Tomb  in  Westminster 
Abbey— Statue  by  Joha  of  Bologna  —  "  Collectioner  " — 
Mary  Stuart,  28— "  Heardlome  "  :  "»Heech  "—Picture  of 
Knight  in  Armour— H.  F.  and  W.  Lockhart  Holt— Persian 
Paintings— Penrith— Queen  Helena— Setting  of  Precious 
Stones— Japanese  Cards,  29. 

BEPLIES  :— Grenadier  Guards,  30— Mundy,  31— "A  gallant 
captain  "—Long  Lease  — Kobin  a  Bobbin  —  Medical  Bar- 
risters —  Richard  Nash  —  "  The  Consul  of  God,"  32  — 
41  Constantine  Pebble" — Marriage  House  —  Shakespeare's 
Scholarship,  33— Beyle:  Stendhal — "A  flea  in  the  ear" — 
Historical  Rime  :  Rhyme,  34—"  Mais  on  revient  toujours  " 
—  The  Oak,  the  Asb,  and  the  Ivy  —  Dorothy  Nutt  — 
Riding  the  Black  Ram,  35— Mary,  Queen  of  Scots— "Top 
•Spit "— ' '  As  merry  as  Grigga  "—Candlemas  Gills—'  Edwin 
Drood  '  Continued — Modern  Forms  of  Animal  Baiting,  37 
— Crowns  in  Church  Tower  —  Lancashire  and  Cheshire 
Wills— Economy— Weather,  33. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS:— Mrs.  Toynbee's  Edition  of  Walpole's 
Letters — Burke's  '  Peerage' — Magazines  and  Reviews. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


CAPT.  GEORGE  WILLIAM  MANBY,  1765-1851. 
THE  following  two  letters  have  recently 
•come  into  my  possession.  Their  writer, 
Dawson  Turner,  a  man  of  great  taste  and 
intense  enthusiasm  as  a  collector  of  auto- 

Sraphs,  is  a  familiar  name  to  most.  Capt. 
lanby,  the  addressee,  deserves  greater 
posthumous  honours  than  have  hitherto  been 
accorded  him.  The  inventor  of  apparatus  for 
saving  life  from  shipwreck,  and  author  of  a 
number  of  treatises  on  this  and  allied  sub- 
jects, he  had  printed  at  Yarmouth  in  1839 
an  octavo  volume  of  very  interesting 
reminiscences.  This  was  not  published. 
The  author  presented  a  copy  to  the  British 
Museum,  and  his  friend  Dawson  Turner,  in 
addition  to  a  unique  copy  on  vellum,  acquired 
the  manuscript.  It  is  this  evidently  that  had 
been  inquired  after  when  the  first  letter  wa: 
written  ;  but  about  the  same  time,  with  a 
view  to  his  biography  being  written,  Capt 
Manby  had  lent  Turner  a  number  of  manu- 
scripts and  printed  documents,  letters,  copies 
of  correspondence,  &c.,  collectively  referred  to 
as  "  Manoeiana."  The  only  use  made  of  thi 
material  was  a  naenaok  privately  printec 
about  1851.  For  some  reason  this  was 
suppressed.  A  copy  inclmded  in  the  sale  ol 


Dawson  Turner's  library  (1853)  was  with- 
drawn, although  printed  in  italics  in  the 
atalogue.  In  1854  Capt.  Manby  died,  and 
nothing  more  is  heard  of  the  "Manbeiana" 
until  sold  in  1859  as  lot  292  in  the  sale  of  the 
manuscript  library  of  Dawson  Turner,  fetch- 
ing seventeen  shillings  only.  The  present 
possessor  I  cannot  trace. 

Athenaeum,  15  Nov.,  1851. 

MY  DEAR  CAPTAIN  MANBY, — In  giving  up  to 
my  son-in-law,  Mr.  T.  Brightwen,  the  manage- 
ment of  the  Yarmouth  Bank,  I  also  relinquished 
to  him  the  house,  from  which  it  was  consequently 
necessary  to  remove  my  books  and  papers. 
These,  therefore,  have  been  carried  to  an  empty 
house  in  Chapel  Street,  where  they  are  under 
lock  and  key,  and  must  remain  so  till  I  can  come 
down  and  get  a  new  house  for  myself  and  place 
them  in  it.  This,  I  am  sorry  to  say,  is  at  present 
out  of  my  power  ;  for  the  severe  illness  with  which 
I  was  attacked  at  Edinburgh  so  hangs  upon  me 
that  I  am  forced  to  remain  in  London  under  medical 
advice,  and  nobody  can  find  anything  in  my  absence. 

Still,  though  1  cannot  just  now  do  what  you  wish, 
I  feel  that  I  can  serve  you  more  effectively.  Tell 
the  person  who  has  been  applying  to  you  to  call 
upon  me  at  this  home,  and  send  me  the  name  of  the 
eminent  publisher  he  proposes  to  employ,  and  I  will 
see  them  both,  and  shall  soon  know  if  they  propose 
what  is  likely  to  be  honourable  and  profitable  to 
you.  If  they  do,  I  will  gladly  co-operate  with  them 
to  the  utmost  extent  of  my  power,  but  I  too  well 
know  the  state  of  the  book-trade  at  the  present 
time  to  have  much  hopes,  and  I  far  more  fear  that 
you  are  likely  to  be  made  a  dupe  of  by  some  design- 
ing persons,  just  as  has  been  already  attempted  in 
three  or  four  previous  cases  from  which  I  had  the 
satisfaction  of  saving  you. 

I  am,  dear  sir,  very  truly  yours, 

DAWSON  TURNER. 

The  second  letter  is  as  follows  : — 

MY  DEAR  CAPTAIN  MANBY, — Very  glad  indeed  was 
1  to  find  by  your  letter  that  you  are  now  not  only 
in  the  land  of  the  living,  but,  apparently,  in  the 
enjoyment  of  good  health,  with  the  exception  of 
your  eyesight,  which  is  always  one  of  a  man's  first 
railings.  Have  no  fear,  I  pray  you,  for  the  safety 
of  anything  relating  to  yourself  that  may  be  in  my 
possession.  What  I  am  about  to  dispose  of  is  only 
such  of  my  printed  books  as  I  cannot  store  in  this 
house. 

Whatever  concerns  you,  and  whatever  is  private, 
is,  as  I  informed  you,  safe  nailed  down  and  corded 
in  boxes,  but  not  at  present  here  within  my  reach. 
I  hope  it  may  shortly  be  so ;  as  soon  as  it  is,  the 
volumes  of  Manbeiana  shall  be  taken  to  pieces,  and 
what  I  have  received  from  you  shall  be  returned  to 
you  if  you  desire  it.  But  you  are  very  wrong  to 
do  so  ;  for  my  wish  is  to  place  them  intact  in  the 
British  Museum,  where  they  will  be  ready  for  any 
future  biographers,  and  can  never  be  sold  or  turned 
to  any  unworthy  purpose,  but  will  be  a  lasting 
monument  to  your  honour,  as  long  as  England 
remains  a  nation. 

1  am,  my  dear  sir,  very  truly  yours, 

DAWSON  TURNER. 

No.  26,  Castelnau  Villas,  Barnes,  Surrey, 
30  March,  1852. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io*  s.  i.  JAN.  9, 1901. 


The  British  Museum  purchased  at  the 
Dawson  Turner  sale  the  manuscript  of  Capt. 
Manby's  'Reminiscences.' 

ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

39,  Hillmarton  Road,  N. 


NATHANAEL  CARPENTER'S  'GEOGRAPHY 
DELINEATED,'  1625. 

FOR  the  sake  of  bibliographical  accuracy, 
it  may  be  as  well  that  I  should  here  reproduce 
the  exact  wording  of  the  title  page  : — 

"Geography  Delineated  Forth  in  Two  Bookes. 
Containing  The  Sphsericall  And  Topicall  Parts 
Thereof.  By  Nathanael  Carpenter  Fellow  of  Exceter 
Colledge  in  Oxford.  Ecclesiast.  I.  One  generation 
commeth,  and  another  goeth,  but  the  Earth  re- 
maineth  for  euer.  (Printer's  ornament.]  Oxford, 
Printed  by  lohn  Lichfield  and  William  Tvrner, 
Printers  to  the  Famous  Vniversity,  for  Henry  Cripps. 
An.  Dom.  1625." 

From  this  it  will  be  seen  that  the  work  is 
divided  into  two  books,  and,  I  may  add,  with 
separate  title-pages.    The  first  book  is  dedi- 
cated  "To  the  Right  Honovrable  William, 
Earle  of  Pembroke,  Lord  Chamberlaine,"  and 
the  second  book  "  To  the  Right  Honovrable 
Philip,  Earle  of  Montgomery,"  the  "Incom- 
parable Paire  of  Brethren,"  to  whom  Shake- 
speare's   Folio    of    1623    is    dedicated.      In 
addition,  the  first  named  is  supposed  to  have 
been    the    "Mr.    W.    H."    of    Shakespeare's 
'  Sonnets.'    He  died  in  1630,  -when  he  was 
succeeded  in  the  title  by  his  brother  Philip, 
and,  notwithstanding,  Carpenter  retains  the 
dedications  in  the  edition  of  1635  exactly  as 
they  appeared  in  the  edition  of  ten  years 
before.     In  the  edition  of  1635  the  author 
has  a  metrical  address  "To  my  Booke";  but 
as  my  copy  of  the  first  edition  is  slightly 
imperfect,   I  am    in  consequence  not   in  a 
position  to  say  whether  the  lines  are  common 
to  both.    I  extract  the  following  ;  but,  with 
this  exception,  all  the  quotations  given  below 
are  from  the  edition  of  1625  : — 
Goe  forth  thou  haplesse  Embrion  of  my  Braine, 
Vnfashion'd  as  thou  art ;  expresse  the  straine 
And  language  of  thy  discontented  Sire, 
Who  hardly  ransom'd  his  poore  Babe  from  fire, 
To  offer  to  the  world  and  carelesse  men 
The  timelesse  fruits  of  his  officious  pen. 
Thou  art  no  louely  Darling,  stampt  to  please 
The  lookes  of  Greatnesse ;  no  delight  to  ease 
Their  melancholy  temper,  whoreiect 
As  idle  toyes  but  what  themselues  affect. 
No  lucky  Planet  darted  forth  his  Rayes 
To  promise  loue  vnto  thy  infant-dayes  : 
Thou  maist  perhaps  be  merchandize  for  slaues, 
Who  sell  their  Authors  wits  and  buy  their  graues: 
Thou  maist  be  censur'd  guilty  of  that  blame, 
Which  is  the  Midwifes  fault,  the  Parent's  shame: 
Thou  maist  be  talke  for  Tables,  vs'd  for  sport 
At  Tauerne-meetings,  pastime  for  the  Court : 
Thou  maist  be  torne  by  their  malicious  phangs, 
Who  nere  were  taught  to  know  a  Parents  pangs. 


I  may  mention  that  the  edition  of  1635  is 
stated  on  the  title-page  to  be  "  The  Second 
Edition  Corrected." 

A  work  of  this  kind  does  not  afford  much 
in  the  way  of  quotation  ;  but  there  are  a  few 
passages  which  may  fitly  find  a  place  in  these 
pages.  Here  is  a  pleasant  reference  to 
Columbus  (book  i.  p.  9)  : — 

"  Especially  of  Columbus  the  Italian,  who  (as  one 
wittily  alluding  to  his    name)  like   Noah's  Doue 
plucking  an  oliue  branch  from  this  Land,  gaue  tes- 
timony of  a  portion  of  Land  as  yet  vnknown,  and 
left  naked  vnto  discouery.    And  no  question  can  be 
made,  but  a  great  quantity  of  land,  not  yet  detected 
by  our  European  Navigators,  awaites  the  industry 
of  this  age.    To  which  alludes  the  Poet  in  these 
verses  (Seneca  in  '  Medea,'  Act  II.) : — 
In  after  yeares  shall  Ages  come. 
When  th'  Ocean  shall  vnloose  the  bands 
Of  things,  and  shew  vast  ample  lands ; 
New  Worlds  by  Sea-men  shall  be  found, 
Nor  Thule  be  the  vtmost  bound." 

The  next  reference  is  to  the  distinguished 
Sir  Henry  Savile,  and  a  very  pleasant  little 
bit  of  personal  history  it  is  (book  i.  p.  143) : — 

"  Here  I  cannot  but  remember  a  merry  answer  of 
that  great  Atlas  of  Arts,  Sir  Henry  Sauile  in  the 
like  question.  Being  once  invited  vnto  his  Table, 
and  hauingentred  into  some  familiar  discourses  con- 
cerning Astronomicall  suppositions :  I  asked  him 
what  he  thought  of  the  Hypothesis  of  Copernicus, 
who  held  the  Sunne  to  stand  fixt,  and  the  Earth  to 
be  subiect  to  a  Triple  Motion  :  His  answere  was  ; 
he  cared  not  which  were  true,  so  the  Apparences 
were  solued,  and  the  accompt  exact :  sith  each  way 
either  the  old  of  Ptolomy,  or  the  new  of  Copernicus, 
would  indifferently  serue  an  Astronomer  :  Is  it  not 
all  one  (saith  he)  sitting  at  Dinner,  whether  my 
Table  be  brought  to  me,  or  I  goe  to  my  Table,  so  I 
eat  my  meat  ?  " 

It  is  not  much  in  itself ;  but  I  cannot  help 
transcribing  the  following  (book  i.  p.  167) : — 

"  It  is  written  of  that  learned  man  Erasmus 
Roterodamus,  that  hauing  scene  50  yeares,  he  was 
delighted  so  much  with  these  Geographicall  Mappes, 
that  vndertaking  to  write  Comments  on  the  Acts  of 
the  Apostles,  he  had  alwayes  in  his  eye  those  Tables, 
where  he  made  no  small  vse  for  the  finding  out  of 
the  site  of  such  places  whereof  he  had  occasion  to 
treate." 

And  then  follows  this  rather  bitter  reflec- 
tion by  our  author  : — 

"And  it  were  to  be  wished  in  these  dayes,  that 
yong  Students  insteed  of  many  apish  and  ridiculous 
pictures,  tending  many  times  rather  to  ribaldry, 
then  any  learning,  would  store  their  studies  with 
such  furniture." 

I  may  quote  here  another  of  our  author's 
reflections  (book  i.  p.  93) : — 

'  To  these  haue  associated  themselues  another 
sort,  more  to  be  regarded,  as  more  learned;  the 
Critickes  (I  meane)  of  our  Age,  who  like  Popes  or 
Dictatours,  haue  taken  vpon  them  an  Vniuersall 
authority  to  censure  all  which  they  neuer  vnder- 
stood.  Had  these  men  contained  themselues  iu 


io*  s.  i.  JA*.  9.19M.]          NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


their  own  bounds,  they  might  questionlesse  haue 
done  good  seruice  to  the  Commonwealth  of  Learn- 
ing. But  when  the  seruant  presumes  to  controlle 
the  Mistrisse,  the  house  seemes  much  out  of  order." 

It  is  interesting  to  note  such  personal  allu- 
sions as  the  following  (book  i.  p.  247) : — 

"  This  way  I  first  found  in  Mr.  Purchas  his  rela- 
tion of  Halls  discouery  of  Greenland,  written  by 
William  Baffin  since  this  Chapter  came  vnder  the 
Presse  :  the  expression  of  which,  being  as  I  suppose 
shorter  and  easier  then  in  the  Author,  I  doe  owe 
for  the  most  part  to  my  worthy  Chamberfellow,  Mr. 
Nathanael  Norrington,  to  whose  learned  conference, 
I  confesse  my  selfe  to  owe  some  fruits  of  my  labours 
in  this  kinde,  and  all  the  offices  of  friendship." 

Serpents  not  found  in  Ireland  (book  ii. 
p.  24) :- 

"  Some  Beasts  and  Serpents  are  in  some  places 
seldome  knowne  to  breed  or  Hue,  wherewith  not- 
withstanding other  Regions  swarme  in  abundance  : 
as  for  example,  Ireland,  wherein  no  Serpent  or 
venomous  worme  hath  beene  knowne  to  Hue, 
whereby  Africa  and  many  other  Countries  finde  no 
small  molestation." 

There  is  something  droll  in  the  coupling  of 
authorities  in  the  next  extract  (book  ii.  p.  76) : 

"  That  Sea  Water  strained  through  clay,  will 
turne  fresh  :  as  likewise  powdred  flesh  being  layed 
to  soake  in  salt  water,  will  sooue  turiie  sweet :  The 
former  is  verified  by  Baptista  Porta  :  of  the  other, 
euery  kitchin  maide  on  the  Sea  side  will  informe  vs." 

Carpenter  refers  to  the  possibility  of  a  canal 
between  the  Mediterranean  and  Red  Seas, 
which,  as  we  all  know,  is  now  an  accom- 
plished fact.  The  passage  in  his  book  need 
not  therefore  be  quoted. 

Edmund  Bolton,  in  his  '  Nero  Csesar,' 
1627  (first  published  in  1624),  has  a  reference 
to  the  Isthmus  of  Panama.  Carpenter  re- 
cords a  conjectural  reason  why  a  canal  had 
not  been  cut  through  it,  probably  long  before 
his  day  (book  ii.  p.  112): — 

"  Moreouer  it  is  obserued  that  the  sea  on  the 
west  part  of  America  commonly  called  Mare  Del 
Zur,  is  much  higher  then  the  Atlantick  Sea  which 
bordereth  on  the  Easterne  part  of  it :  which  gaue 
way  to  the  coniecture  of  some,  that  the  Isthmus 
betwixt  Panama  and  Xombre  De  Dios  had  bin  long 
since  cut  through  to  haue  made  a  passage  into  the 
Pacifick  Sea,  without  sayling  so  farre  about  by  the 
straits  of  Magellane;  had  not  many  inconveniences 
bin  feared  out  of  the  insequality  in  the  hight  of  the 
Water." 

Discussing  the  possibility  of  a  North-East 
Passage,  our  author  interpolates  the  follow- 
ing (book  ii.  p.  121)  : — 

"  Lastly,  there  is  a  fish  which  hath  a  Home  in  his 
fore-head,  called  the  Sea  Vnicorue,  whereof  Martin 
Frobisher  found  one  on  the  coast  of  Newfoundland, 
and  gaue  it  to  Queene  Elizabeth,  which  was  said  to 
be  put  into  her  Wardrobe  :  But  whether  it  be  the 
same  which  is  at  this  day  to  be  seene  at  Windsor 
Castle,  [I]  cannot  tell." 

He  also  discusses  at  considerable  length  the 


possibility  of  discovering  a  North-West  Pas- 
sage. The  opening  words  of  his  statement 
are  interesting  (book  ii.  p.  122) : — 

"  Hitherto  haue  we  treated  of  other  passages, 
either  effected  or  attempted  to  Cathay  and  the  East 
Indies.  The  last  and  most  desired  and  sought  in 
our  time,  is  that  by  the  North-west.  This  way 
hath  bin  often  attempted,  as  by  Cabot,  Dauis,  Frc- 
bisher,  Hudson,  Sr  Thomas  Button  and  others,  but 
as  yet  not  found  out.  Neither  hath  it  more  troubled 
the  industry  of  Marriners,  then  the  wit  of  Schollers." 

Speaking  of  mountainous  countries  and 
their  inhabitants,  he  mentions,  among  other?, 
the  Scottish  Highlanders  (book  ii.  p.  258)  : — 

"  The  like  ought  to  be  spoken  of  the  Welch  and 
Cornish  people  amongst  vs,  as  of  the  Scottish 
Highlanders  :  all  which  Huing  in  mountanous 
countries  haue  withstood  the  violence  of  forraigners, 
and  for  many  yeares  preserued  their  owne  liberty." 

A.  S. 
(To  be  continued.) 


THE  CHURCHYARD  OF  ST.  MARGARET'S, 
WESTMINSTER,  AND  ITS  IMPROVEMENT. 

FOR  many  years  this  interesting  little 
"  God's  acre  "  had  been  in  a  most  deplorable 
condition,  and  was  noted  as  being  a  public 
scandal.  The  gravestones  were  not  level, 
many  were  broken,  and  on  nearly  all  (or  at 
least  a  great  proportion)  of  them  the  inscrip- 
tions had  become  unreadable,  owing  to  the 
constant  traffic  over  them,  there  being  a 
right  of  way  through  the  churchyard  from 
end  to  end,  and  also  to  a  point  nearly  opposite 
the  building  now  rebuilt  as  the  Middlesex 
County  Hall,  but  then  known  as  the  West- 
minster Sessions  House.  The  ground,  where 
there  were  no  stones,  was  in  great  holes  and 
ruts,  which  held  the  water  in  wet  seasons, 
and  at  all  periods  of  the  year  presented  both 
difficulties  and  dangers  to  those  who  had  to- 
cross  it.  Many  attempts  were  made  to  put 
it  into  something  like  decent  order,  but 
without  anything  like  permanent  good 
resulting;  consequently  as  time  went  on  bad 
became  worse,  and  the  dangers  and  difficul- 
ties were  intensified. 

Among  the  many  proposals  for  improve- 
ment, the  most  notable  was  one  made  by 
Mr.  Austen  H.  Layard,  M.P.,  who  at  the  time 
held  the  office  of  First  Commissioner  of 
Works,  and  under  whose  auspices  the  im- 
provement in  the  adjoining  St.  Margaret's 
Square  was  made.  The  extremely  orna- 
mental railings  by  which  the  square  is  sur- 
rounded, and  the  very  fine  granite  columns 
upon  which  the  lamps  at  the  angles  are 
mounted,  we  owe  to  the  fine  taste  of  that 
gentleman,  who  desired  that  the  churchyard 
should  be  improved  in  a  like  manner,  as  it 
was  thought  the  cost  could  be  included  in. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         no«>  s.  i.  JAX.  9, 1904. 


Ihe  funds  to  be  voted  by  Parliament  for  that 
purpose.  The  rector,  churchwardens,  and 
others  were  called  together,  and  the  pro- 
posals submitted  were  agreed  to,  it  being 
then  thought  that  better  days  were  in  store 
for  this  somewhat  desolate-looking  spot.  But 
a  change  in  the  Government  was  made,  and 
Mr.  Layard  became  Ambassador  at  Madrid, 
and  at  the  Office  of  Works  Mr.  Acton  Smee 
Ayrton  reigned  in  his  stead.  It  is  common 
knowledge  that  the  ideas  of  the  latter  gentle- 
man upon  the  subject  of  art  and  embellish- 
ments generally  were,  to  say  the  least  of 
them,  peculiar,  the  ultimate  outcome  of  the 
negotiations  being  that  the  plan  as  proposed 
Iby  his  predecessor  was  indefinitely  shelved, 
;and  the  place  remained,  to  the  annoyance  of 
-all  interested  in  the  matter,  just  as  it  was 
^before.  No  one  was  more  vexed  at  the  turn 
things  had  taken  than  Dr.  Farrar,  who  in 
one  of  his  best-remembered  sermons  spoke 
in  no  measured  terms  of  the  iniquity  of  the 
offence  of  leaving  in  such  a  neglected  state 
what  might  be  a  beautiful  and  restful  spot, 
and  pointedly  asked  if  it  were  not  time 
that  something  should  be  done,  so  that  the 
'*'  generations  of  Westminster  people  might 
rest  again  under  the  green  turf.  There  were 
some  people  who,  in  advocating  the  restora- 
tion of  the  churchyard  to  something  like 
order  and  decency,  wished  the  stone  pyra- 
mids placed  at  intervals  between  the  railings 
to  be  removed.  I  am  pleased  to  be  able  to 
put  upon  record  that  one  powerful  voice 
was  raised  for  their  retention.  Sir  Reginald 
Palgrave  protested  against  any  removal, 
declaring  that  they  had  remained  landmarks 
through  a  long  series  of  years,  and  should 
continue  to  mark  the  boundary  of  the  church- 
yard, no  matter  what  was  done  in  the  way 
of  beautifying  or  improvement. 

The  late  Mr.  T.  C.  Noble,  a  well-known 
and  frequent  contributor  to  '  N.  &  Q  ,'  wrote 
in  the  Builder  of  27  August,  1881,  as  follows  : 

"  After  a  long  series  of  years  there  is  some  chance 
now  of  its  being  made  a  more  pleasing  place  to  look 
at  than  it  has  hitherto  been.  About  an-  acre  in 
extent,  its  dilapidated  appearance  has  long  been 
an  eyesore  both  to  the  church  and  the  Abbey  au- 
thorities; but  as  the  only  way  of  remedying  the 
evil  was  by  obtaining  something  like  3,000/.,  the 
amount  required  to  plant  and  ornament  the  grounds, 
that  step  could  not  be  readily  taken." 

This  was  certainly  the  position  of  affairs, 
but  in  that  year  Dr.  Farrar,  the  rector  of 
St.  Margaret's,  decided  to  make  a  great 
effort  to  improve  matters,  and  an  influential 
committee  was  formed  to  take  the  matter 
in  hand,  and  it  is  pleasing  to  record  that 
its  labours  in  the  end  were  crowned  with 
success.  I  have  been  permitted  to  see  the 


minutes  of  this  committee,  and  as  they  have 
passed  into  private  hands,  and  may,  and  not 
improbably  will,  in  the  course  of  time  get 
further  alienated,  I  think  it  advisable  that 
some  portions  of  them  should  be  preserved  in 
the  pages  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 

The  General  Committee  was  as  here  given  : 
Canon  Farrar,  Chairman ;  the  Dukes  of  Buc- 
cleuch  and  Westminster,  the  Lord  Chancellor, 
the  Speaker,  Lord  Richard  Grosvenor,  M.P., 
Lord  Henry  Scott.  M.P.,  the  Right  Hon.  W.  H. 
Smith,  M.P.,  Sir  Rutherford  Alcock,  Sir  Henry 
Hunt,  the  Dean  of  Westminster,  Archdeacon 
Jennings,  and  Canon  Prothero ;  Messrs.  J.  H. 
Puleston,  M.P.,  Herbert  Gladstone,  M.P., 
Edward  Easton,  J.  F.  Bateman,  F.R.S.,  G. 
Brown,  W.  D.  Barnett,  J.  M.  Hora,  Stewart 
Helder,  Harry  W.  Lee,  J.  L.  Pearson,  R.A., 
G.  F.  Trollope,  T.  J.  White,  and  J.  Hockridge ; 
the  Rev.  E.  A.  Browne,  the  senior  curate  of 
St.  Margaret's,  Hon.  Secretary.  The  first 
meeting  was  held  on  18  June,  1881,  in  the 
vestry  room  of  the  church,  the  rector  being 
in  the  chair.  A  proposition  was  made  by 
the  Speaker,  and  seconded  by  Sir  Rutherford 
Alcock,  that  "  the  concession  of  ground  (as 
indicated  on  a  plan  laid  before  the  Com- 
mittee) be  made  to  the  Metropolitan  Board 
of  Works."  The  next  proposition  was  moved 
by  Mr.  W.  H.  Smith  and  seconded  by  Mr. 
J.  F.  Bateman,  that  "  Sir  Rutherford  Alcock 
and  Messrs.  Helder,  Easton,  Barnett,  White, 
Trollope,  and  Lee  do  constitute  a  sub-com- 
mittee to  draw  up  a  petition  for  a  faculty  to 
carry  out  improvements  in  the  churchyard, 
and  to  consider  details  to  be  laid  before  the 
next  meeting  of  the  General  Committee." 
Further  propositions  were  made  that  sub- 
scriptions be  invited  to  supplement  the  grant 
of  H.M.  Office  of  Works,  and  that  a  special 
appeal  be  made  to  members  of  both  Houses 
of  Parliament  to  contribute  to  the  Improve- 
ment Fund. 

The  report  of  the  sub-committee  appointed 
at  the  first  meeting  was  duly  presented,  and 
as  it  is  of  much  interest  and  of  some  im- 
portance, it  is  here  given  in  extenso  : — 

"That  it  appeared  to  them  that  the  simplest 
plan  for  carrying  out  the  proposed  improve- 
ment is — 

"Firstly:  To  sink  the  gravestones  in  situ  suffi- 
ciently deep  to  admit  of  the  ground  over  them 
being  covered  with  turf,  the  surface  being  reduced 
to  the  level  of  the  north  entrance  to  the  Abbey, 
and  to  deposit  the  surplus  within  the  boundaries  or 
the  churchyard.  For  this  purpose  levels  have  been 
taken,  so  as  to  have  an  accurate  'profile'  of  the 
churchyard,  and  some  of  the  stones  have  been  raised 
to  ascertain  the  condition  of  the  ground  underneath. 
The  sub-committee  have  the  pleasure  to  report  that 
the  conditions  were  found  to  be  most  favourable  to 
the  undertaking,  both  in  the  churchyard  generally 


.  i.  JAX.  9, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


25 


and  in  that  small  portion  which  the  General  Com- 
mittee have  already  agreed  to  make  over  to  the 
Metropolitan  Board  of  Works.  The  sub-committee 
therefore  recommend  (1)  that  an  exact  plan  of  the 
churchyard  be  made,  showing  the  present  position 
of  the  gravestones,  and  that  such  plan  be  kept  in 
some  part  of  the  church  ;  (2)  that  a  copy  be  made 
of  the  inscriptions  on  the  gravestones,  to  be  re- 
tained among  the  records  of  the  church;  and  (3) 
that  the  churchyard  be  laid  down  with  grass  in  the 
manner  already  indicated  (without  the  addition  of 
any  trees  or  shrubs). 

"Secondly:  That,  aware  of  the  importance  of 
obtaining  the  very  best  professional  advice  in  carry- 
ing out  this  work,  they  have  secured  the  services 
of  J.  L.  Pearson,  Esq.,  R.A.,  Architect  to  the 
Abbey,  and  have  entrusted  to  Mr.  Wills,  of  the 
Floricultural  Hall,  Regent  Street,  the  laying  out 
of  the  ground  under  his  superintendence.  The 
sub-committee  recommend  for  the  approval  of  the 
General  Committee  the  plans  for  the  laying  out  of 
the  ground  (and  for  the  railings  with  which  it  is 
proposed  to  surround  it)  as  prepared  by  Mr.  Pear- 
son, which  are  submitted  herewith. 

"Thirdly:  That,  in  accordance  with  the  resolu- 
tion of  the  General  Committee,  the  following  letter, 
as  written  by  the  chairman,  and  approved  by  the 
sub-committee,  has  been  sent  to  the  members  of 
both  Houses  of  Parliament.  [I  would  note  that  a 
copy  of  the  letter  alluded  to  does  not  appear  to  have 
been  attached  to  the  minutes.] 

"  Fourthly :  That,  with  a  view  to  immediate 
action,  arrangements  have  been  made  to  hold  a 
meeting  of  vestrymen  and  other  parishioners  on 
Friday  next,  8th  of  July,  in  the  vestry  room  of 
St.  Margaret's  Church,  for  them  to  receive  the  plans 
as  approved  by  the  General  Committee,  and  to 
sanction  an  application  to  the  Bishop's  Court  for  a 
faculty  authorizing  the  proposed  improvements  in 
the  burial-ground  and  the  widening  of  the  footway. 

"Fifthly:  That  the  following  petition  to  the 
Chancellor  of  the  Diocese  has  been  drawn  up  by 
Harry  Lee,  Esq.,  and  is  now  submitted  for  the 
approval  of  the  General  Committee. 

(Signed)        "F.  W.  FARKAR,  Chairman." 

There  was  no  copy  of  the  petition  attached. 

W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 
C2,  The  Almshouses,  Rochester  Row,  S.W. 
(To  be  continued.) 


LEONARDO  DA  VINCI  :  '  THE  LAST  SUPPER. 
(See  8th  S.  vii.  488  ;  viii.  136.)  —  Frequent 
reference  to  this  subject  in  the  columns  of 
'N.  &  Q.'  prompts  me  to  supplement  previous 
contributions  by  some  notes  made  on  a  recent 
visit  to  Milan.  Since  my  last  visit  the  fol- 
lowing copies  of  the  'Cenacolo'  have  been 
affixed  to  the  walls  of  the  refectory. 

1.  Copy  of  Leonardo's  '  Last  Supper '  by 
Andrea  Solari.  Painted  on  canvas.  The  feet 
of  Christ  portrayed.  Drinking  glasses  on 
the  table,  empty.  It  is  alleged  that  Leo- 
nardo's fresco  was  mutilated  by  the  Domini- 
cans in  1652,  a  door  having  been  placed  at 
the  centre  of  the  wall.  If  the  lower  portion 
of  the  central  figure  was  thus  removed,  this 
copy  is  interesting. 


2.  Smaller    copy,   by  Cesare  Magnis,  also 
showing  the  feet  of  Christ.    Not  a  pleasing 
copy.   It  is  gross,  and  lacks  sublimity.   Drink- 
ing glasses  half  full  of  red  wine. 

3.  Copy^  by  Marco  d'  Oggiono.    The  table 
is  bare.   No  plates,  glasses,  or  edibles.  Although 
the  doorway  had  not  been  pierced  in  1510, 
when,  presumably,  this  copy  was  made,  the 
feet  of  Christ  are  not  depicted.    If  we  assume 
that  this  copy  was  made  in  presence  of  the 
original,  my  italicized  words  are  significant. 
Possibly  important  additions  were  made  to 
the  fresco  after  Leonardo's  departure. 

4.  Photograph    of    the    fresco    at    Ponte 
Capriasca  (Canton  Ticino).    Here  the  feet  of 
Christ  (as  in   No.  2)  are    seen.      Drinking 
glasses  void  of  wine.    In  the  background  we 
behold  the  sacrifice  of   Jacob ;  also  Christ 
praying  in  the  garden.   On  the  lower  portion 
of  the  frame  the  Apostles  are  thus  named, 
from  left  to  right  as   they  appear  in  the- 
original :    St.  Bartholomew,  St.  James    the- 
Less,  St.  Peter,  Judas,  St.  John,  St.  JamesT 
St.  Thomas,  St.  Philip,  St.  Matthew,  St.  Tad- 
deus,  St.  Simon.    Henry  Beyle  (De  Stendhal) 
says  in  his  'History  of  Painting  in  Italy,' 
referring  to  the  fresco  at  Ponte  Capriasca  : — 

"  In  spite  of  local  tradition — which  fixes  1520  as 
the  date  when  '  a  brilliant  youth  from  Milan'  came 
there  to  escape  from  the  turmoils  of  that  great  city, 
and,  in  gratitude  for  the  protection  afforded  to 
him,  painted  the  'Cenacolo' — I  am  of  opinion  that 
this  picture  was  executed  by  Pietro  Luini,  son  of 
the  celebrated  Bernardino,  and  was  not  painted 
prior  to  1565." 

It  is  especially  noteworthy  that  in  the  pic- 
ture there  is  no  wine  on  the  table.  Possibly 
the  monks,  more  nearly  to  approach  the- 
Roman  formula  in  administering  the  Sacra- 
ment, removed  all  traces  of  wine  from  the- 
glasses.  Only  the  figures  representing  Christ 
and  the  Apostles  Peter,  Thomas,  Bartholo- 
mew, and  James  the  Less  pretend  to  be  copies, 
of  Leonardo's  'Last  Supper.'  The  others- 
are  purely  fanciful.  The  features  of  Judas 
are  remarkable. 

5.  Etching,  by  Rembrandt,  in  matifa  rossa, 
lent  by  George,  the  present  King  of  Saxony. 
It  has  no  pretensions  to  be  a  copy  of  the 
masterpiece.    It  is  merely  a  fanciful  sketch. 

6.  A  terrible  performance  by  Antonio  de 
Glaxiate,  now  almost  entirely  defaced. 

RICHARD  EDGCUMBE. 
33,  Tedworth  Square,  Chelsea. 

JAPANESE  NEW  YEAR'S  DAY.— The  Daily 
Chronicle  of  the  1st  inst.  had  the  following 
interesting  notice : — 

"  To  a  devout  Japanese  breakfast  on  New  Year's 
Day  is  a  religious  rite.  No  ordinary  dishes  are  con- 
sumed. The  tea  must  be  made  with  water  drawn 
from,  the  W§ll  when  the  first  ray  of  sun  strikes  it,  a 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io*  s.  L  JAN.  9,  MM. 


pot-pourri  of  materials  specified  by  law  forms  the 
staple  dish,  at  the  finish  a  measure  of  special  sake 
from  a  red  lacquer  cup  must  be  drained  by  who- 
soever desires  happiness  during  the  coming  year. 
In  the  room  is  placed  an  'elysian  stand,'  or  red 
lacquer  tray,  covered  with  evergreen  leaves,  and 
bearing  a  rice  dumpling,  a  lobster,  oranges,  per- 
simmons, chestnuts,  dried  sardines,  and  herring 
roe.  All  these  dishes  have  a  special  signification. 
The  names  of  some  are  homonymous  with  words  of 
happy  omen ;  the  others  have  an  allegorical  meaning. 
The  lobster's  curved  back  and  long  claws  typify  life 
prolonged  till  the  frame  is  bent  and  the  beard  is 
long ;  the  sardines,  which  always  swim  in  pairs, 
express  conjugal  bliss;  the  herring  is  symbolical  of  a 
fruitful  progeny.  These  dishes  are  not  intended  for 
•consumption,  although  in  most  cases  the  appetite  is 
fairly  keen.  The  orthodox  Japanese  not  only  sees 
the  old  year  out ;  he  rises  at  four  to  welcome  the 
newcomer,  and  performs  many  ceremonies  before  he 
breaks  his  fast." 

N.  S.  S. 

BERLIOZ  AND  SWEDENBORG.— To  the  new 
and  revised  edition  of  Hector  Berlioz's 
"  dramatic  legend  "  '  Faust,'  published  by 
Messrs.  Novello  &  Co.,  are  prefixed  '  His- 
torical Notes,'  signed  F.  G.  Edwards.  From 
these  one  learns  that  the  greater  part  of  the 
libretto  of  '  Faust'  was  written  by  the  com- 
poser himself.  Among  the  portions  so 
specified  is,  apparently,  "  Scene  xix.  Pande- 
monium," which  opens  with  a  '•'  Chorus  of 
Devils  (in  snarling  tones)."  In  earlier  editions, 
but  not  in  this  of  Messrs.  Novello,  the 
"gibberish"  which  follows  is  ascribed,  pre- 
sumably by  the  librettist,  to  Emanuel  S  weden- 
borg.  He,  however,  had  been  dead  for 
upwards  of  seventy  years  when  the  libretto 
first  appeared,  and  certainly  his  voluminous 
writings  will  be  searched  in  vain  for  such 
stuff  or  for  any  suggestion  of  it.  The  writer 
of  the  '  Argument '  furnished  in  the  pro- 
gramme of  the  performance  of  'Faust'  by 
the  Dulwich  Philharmonic  Society  at  the 
Crystal  Palace  on  12  December,  1903—1  note 
the  fact  with  pleasure — is  careful  to  inform 
his  readers  that  this  "unearthly  language" 
is  "wrongly  ascribed  to  Swedenborg." 

CHARLES  HIGHAM. 

LEONARDO  DA  VINCI  IN  MILAN.— The  modern 
biographers  of  Leonardo,  after  having  dis- 
missed as  purely  imaginary  his  travels  in  the 
East,  have  not  yet  been  able  to  fill  up  the 
gap  in  his  life-story  between  1482  and  1487. 
They  are,  however,  all  agreed  on  the  point 
that  there  is  no  documentary  proof  forth- 
coming of  his  residence  in  Milan  before  1487, 
although  one  of  them,  Adolf  Rosenberg  to 
wit,  mentions  "several  testimonies  by  con- 
temporaries" which  make  it  probable  that 
Leonardo  went  to  live  at  Milan  not  later 
than  1483  ('Leonardo  da  Vinci,'  Bielefeld, 
1898).  According  to  Eugene  Miintz,  docu- 


ments in  the  archives  of  Milan  show  that 
the  painter  was  established  there  in  1487, 
1490,  and  1492  ('Leon,  da  Vinci,'  English 
edition,  1898,  i.  86). 

Mrs.  Ady  has  recently  suggested  ('  Beatrice 
d'Este,'  London,  1899,  p.  136)  that  he 
was  the  painter  referred  to,  but  not  named, 
in  the  Duke  of  Milan's  instruction  issued  to 
Maffei  of  Treviglio,  his  ambassador  going 
to  King  Matthias  Corvinus  of  Hungary,  in 
April,  1485.  In  order  not  to  run  any  risk  of 
infringing  any  copyrights  held  by  Signer 
Alessandro  Luzio  and  Prof.  Rodolfo  Renier, 
I  will  quote  the  passage  in  question  in  its 
original  text  from  a  collection  published  by 
the  Hungarian  Academy  in  1877.  The  Duke 
of  Milan,  and  not  Lodovico  il  Moro,  states 
therein  that : — 

'perche  havemo  inteso,  che  la  Sua  Maesta  [the 
King  of  Hungary]  se  delecta  multo  de  belle  picture, 
presertim,  che  habino  in  se  qualche  devotione. 
ritrovandose  de  presente  qua  uno  optima  pictore,  al 
qiiale  havendo  veduto  experientia  del  ingenio  suo, 
non  coynoscemo  pare,  havemo  dato  ordine  cum  epso 
pictore,  che  ne  facia  una  figura  de  Nostra  Donna 
quanto  bella  excellente  et  devota  la  sapia  piu  fare, 
senza  sparagno  de  spesa  alcuna,  et  se  accinga  ad 
lopera  de  presente,  ne  facia  altro  lavoro  finche 
1'  abia  finita  la  quale  poi  mandaremo  ad  donare  alia 
prefata  Sua  Maesta.  Datum  Mediolani  die  13 
Aprilis,  1485."  —  '  Monumenta  Huug.  Historica, 
Acta  Extera,'  iii.  (on  British  Museum  copy  vi.)  44. 
Mrs.  Ady  is  probably  right  in  her  surmise 
that  the  painter  who  in  the  Duke  of  Milan's 
estimation  had  no  equal  was  no  other  than 
Leonardo  da  Vinci.  The  passage  quoted 
above  has,  however,  hitherto  escaped  the 
notice  of  his  biographers.  L.  L.  K. 

CAUL. — The  following  advertisement  ap- 
peared in  the  Globe  of  24  July,  1903  :— 

"  CAUL.— Large  Male  Caul  for  Sale  ;  no  reasonable 
offer  refused. — Address  Mrs.  S.  Harris,  Broadlane, 
Bracknell,  Berks." 

Surely    the   name    should     be    Gamp,    not 
Harris.  J.  T.  F. 

Winterton,  Doncaster. 

CURIOUS  CHRISTIAN  NAMES.— No  collection 
of  these  having  lately  appeared  in  '  N.  &  Q.,' 
I  venture  to  send  a  few,  noted  at  various 
times : — 

Abdiel,  Times,  23  June,  1882  (?). 

Abednego. — Authority  uncertain. 

Abiezer,  Standard,  12  June,  1901. 

Adiganz,  Standard,  17  March,  1903,  p.  5, 
col.  7. 

Almyra,  Times,  7  January,  1882. 

Aquila,  Times,  1  February,  1882. 

Asenath,  borne  by  a  patient  in  the  Chelten- 
ham Hospital,  and  also  found  in  Standard, 
23  May,  1897. 

Asphodel,  Morning  Post,  1  March,  1888. 


io*s.LjAs.»,i9M.]          NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Bion,  25  June,  1894. — Authority  uncertain. 

Cindiniah. — Ditto. 

Cuckoo,  Standard,  9  May,  1898. 

Cymbeline,  Standard,  25  November,  1903. 

Darius,  Guardian,  2  July,  1884. 

Demosthenes,  Times,  30  January,  1882. 

Donatilla,  Standard,  2  June,  1903. 

Dorinda  Cassandra,  Times,  12  February, 
1895. 

Evacustes,  Standard,  4  September,  1890, 
p.  2,  col.  8  (foot). 

Gam,  Times,  6  January,  1882. 

Idonea,  Times,  4  February,  1882. 

Jugurtha,  Standard,  2  August,  1897,  and 
21  October,  1898. 

Kenaz,  Times,  9  August,  1898. 

Kerenhappuch,  Times,  28  November,  1884. 

Lois,  Morning  Post,  1  March,  1888. 

Lysander,  Times,  6  or  7  August,  1900. 

Marmion,  Standard,  21  April,  1900. 

Neptune,  given  as  having  been  born  at 
sea,  Gloucestershire  Echo,  10  December,  1903. 

Oriana,  Standard,  3  November,  1903. 

Othniel,  between  14  and  19  May,  1894.— 
Authority  uncertain. 

Pamela,  name  of  a  patient  at  the  Chelten- 
ham Hospital. 

Parmenas,  borne  by  an  artisan  at  Henbury, 
Bristol. 

Phosphor,  Standard,  29  June,  1903. 

Puah. — Authority  uncertain. 

Venice,  Morning  Post,  1  March,  1888. 

Zelpa,  Times,  31  December,  1880. 

There  was  once  a  patient  in  the  Chelten- 
ham Hospital  with  the  name  of  Omega  ;  also 
one  with  that  of  Thennuthias.  I  have  a  slight 
acquaintance  with  a  lady,  one  of  whose  Chris- 
tian names  is  Alpha.  A  man  named  Deborah 
Haris  appeared  at  Worship  Street  Police 
Court,  8  November,  1894.  A  female  with 
the  name  of  Peter  is  noted  by  myself.  Also 
Thalia  appears  in  the  Cheltenham  Free  Press, 
19  October,  1899.  But  Ohe  iam  satis  ! 

P.  J.  F.  GANTILLON. 

"  ACERBATIVE."— I  see  this  word  is  not  in 
the  'N.E.D.'  It  was  used  by  the  late  Lord 
Salisbury  some  years  back  in  a  public  speech 
with  reference  to  the  hostile  tone  of  some  of 
our  continental  critics.  I  have  not  got  the 
reference  by  me,  but  no  doubt  some  reader 
can  supply  it.  A.  T.  K. 

"  TUNNELIST"  :  "  TUNXELISM."— These  words 
occur  in  a  rare  tract  entitled  'Observations 
on  the  Intended  Tunnel  beneath  the  River 
Thames,'  by  Charles  Clark,  F.S.A.  (Graves- 
end,  1799).  They  are  to  be  found  in  the 
following  expressions  :  "  the  tunnelist  and 
his  friends"  and  "a  complete  system  of 
tunnelism."  L.  L.  K. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

ST.  BRIDGET'S  BOWER. — In  Spenser's  'Shep- 
heards  Calender,  Julye,'  occur  the  lines 
(37-44)  :— 

In  evill  houre  thou  hentest  iu  hond 

Thus  holy  hylles  to  blame, 
For  sacred  unto  saints  they  stond, 

And  of  them  han  theyr  name. 
St.  Michels  Mount  who  does  not  know, 

That  wardes  the  Westerne  coste  ? 
And  of  St.  Brigets  bowre,  I  trow, 
All  Kent  can  rightly  boaste. 

Where  is,  or  was,  St.  Briget's  Bowre  ?  From 
the  context  it  was  evidently  a  hill  well 
known  to  all  Kent,  either  from  its  conspicuous- 
ness  or  from  some  other  distinction.  For  the 
mere  fact  that  it  bore  the  name  of  a  saint 
would  hardly  justify  the  statement  here 
made  of  it.  So  far  as  I  see,  no  editor  of 
Spenser  has  commented  on  the  name,  and 
some  distinguished  local  antiquaries  and  his- 
torians have  confessed  their  ignorance  of  the 
locality.  Is  the  name,  then,  quite  lost  ?  And 
if  so,  can  conjecture  adduce  any  hill  to 
which  the  name  St.  Briget's  Bowre  would 
be  for  any  reason  applicable?  Bower  is,  of 
course,  not  necessarily  a  place  overarched 
with  shrubs  or  foliage;  the  word  has  also 
signified  a  cottage,  dwelling,  or  abode,  a 
booth,  and  a  chamber.  But  it  would  seem 
to  follow  that  a  hill  so  named  must  have 
been  distinguished  by  a  bower  of  some  kind 
dedicated  to  St.  Bridget.  Perhaps  it  was  a 
sacred  spot,  dismantled  or  abandoned  at.  the 
Reformation,  the  very  name  of  which  has 
since  been  forgotten,  although  it  was  evi- 
dently very  well  known  in  1579.  But  in  this 
case  there  would  surely  be  other  references 
to  it,  in  sixteenth-century  or  earlier  literature 
or  records.  I  ve.nture  to  ask  "all  Kent  "to 
aid  in  the  identification  of  the  locality,  but 
shall  be  satisfied  if  even  one  man  or  maid  of 
Kent  furnishes  a  certain  answer. 

J.  A.  H.  MURRAY. 

'  MEMOIRS  OF  A  STOMACH.'  —  Does  any 
reader  know  the  authorship  of  a  humorous 
little  book,  which  was  published  anonymously, 
I  think,  about  forty-five  years  ago,  with  the 
title  "  Memoirs  of  a  Stomach.  Edited  by  a 
Minister  of  the  Interior  "  1  It  is  brought  to 
mind  by  the  fact  that,  in  the  pantomime 
at  Drury  Lane,  the  king's  cook  is  called 
"Minister  of  the  Interior"  as  well  as  "Little 
Mary,"  a  very  obvious  association. 

W.  R.  G. 


28 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io<h  s.  i.  JAN.  9,  UM. 


'WoRKE  FOR  CUTLERS.' — 'Worke  for  Cut- 
lers j  or,  a  Merry  Dialogue  betweene  Sword, 
Rapier,  and  Dagger,'  first  acted  "in  Shew  in 
the  famous  Vniuersitie  of  Cambridge,"  and 
reacted  on  23  July,  1903,  at  Trinity  Hall, 
Cambridge,  is  being  given  once  more  at  the 
Hall  of  Gray's  Inn  on  the  7th  inst.  Is  there 
any  programme  of  the  performance  of  this 
or  any  similar  work  in  Cambridge  or  else- 
where? A.  FORBES  SIEVEKING,  F.S.A. 

EARLIEST  PLAYBILL.— Can  any  one  tell  me 
if  there  is  an  earlier  playbill  (or  announce- 
ment of  any  form  of  show)  in  existence  than 
that  of  1708— the  date  of  the  earliest  play- 
bill at  the  British  Museum  ?  I  want  one  to 
serve  as  a  model  for  the  programme  of  the 
reproduction  of  a  play  of  1(>15. 

A.  FORBES  SIEVEKING,  F.S.A. 

SIR  JOHN  VAUGHAN,  KNT.,  P.O.,  went  to 
Ireland  and  had  lands  granted  to  him  A.D. 
1600.  Was  Governor  of  Londonderry  A.D. 
1601-43.  His  only  daughter  married  the 
Hon.  Sir  Frederick  Hamilton,  son  of  Lord 
Paisley  by  the  Hon.  Margaret  Seton.  Can 
anybody  tell  me  his  origin  and  the  names  of 
his  father,  mother,  and  wife  1 

H.  S.  VADE-WALPOLE. 

101,  Lexham  Gardens,  Kensington,  W. 

OBIIT  SUNDAY.— I  cull  the  following  from 
the  Daily  Mail  of  5  October,  1903  :— 

"  The  quaint  and  ancient  ceremony  ordered  to 
be  observed  upon  the  occasion  of  Obiit  Sunday  by 
Henry  VII.,  Edward  VI.,  Queen  Elizabeth,  and 
Charles  II.  at  St.  George's  Chapel,  Windsor  Castle, 
took  place  at  the  morning  service  yesterday.  The 
clergy,  military  knights,  and  choir  walked  in  pro- 
cession through  the  nave,  and  entered  the  choir  by 
the  beautifully  carved  folding  doors  underneath  the 
organ  gallery.  Bishop  Barry  delivered  an  interest- 
ing statement  as  to  the  royal  founders  and  other 
benefactors.  The  Dean  of  Windsor  also  preached 
a  special  sermon." 

Further  information  respecting  the  origin  of 
this  ceremony,  of  which  I  can  find  no  account 
in  '  N.  &  Q.,'  will  be  thankfully  received. 

EVERARD  HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

CHAUCER'S  TOMB  IN  WESTMINSTER  ABBEY. 
— On  the  authority  of  the  inscription  on  this 
tomb,  and  of  Stow's  'Survey,'  Pits,  and  Ant. 
Wood,  we  have  always  given  the  credit  of  its 
erection  or  restoration  to  Nicholas  Brigham  ; 
but  a  contemporary  of  his,  writing  late  in 
Queen  Elizabeth's  reign,  the  Rev.  Robert 
Commaunder  (died  1613),  says  that  one 
"Hickeman,  auditor,"  wrote  the  Latin  epi- 
taph on  the  tomb,  and  got  the  "tumulus" 
decorated  and  repainted.  See  the  Egerton 
MS,  2642,  cf,  213.  Can  any  one  tell  me  who 


this  Hickeman  was?  None  of  the  Hickmans 
in  the  series  of  Domestic  State  Papers  and 
Privy  Council  Records  or  in  Hennessy  seems 
to  fit  him.  In  one  point  Commaunder's  text 
of  the  epitaph  is  better  than  Brigham's,  as 
given  by  Skeat,  'Chaucer's  Works,'  i.  xlvii, 
for  1400  is  clearly  the  date  mortis  of  the  poet, 
and  not  his  vitce.  Commaunder  has  also  the 
two  Latin  lines  by  Surigonius  of  Milan  : — 

"  Carmina  Epitaphica  magistri  Hickeman,  Audi- 
toris,   composita  Anno   domini    1556,   in    Laudem 
Galfridi  Chaucer,  que  denuo  super  ipsius  Tumulum 
renovari  fecit  et  Inscribi  in  Monasterio  westmo- 
nasteriensi,    et    ipsum    Tumulum    suis    Expensis 
decorari  et  repingi  procuravit. 
Qui  fuit  Anglorum  Vates  ter  maximus  olirn, 
Galfridus  Chaucer  conditiir  hoc  Tumulo  : 
Annum  in  queras  Domini,  Si  tempora  mortis, 
Ecce  Note  subsunt,  que  tibi  cuncta  notent. 

25  Octobris,  Anno  1400. 
Galfridus  Chaucer,  Vates  et  Fama  Poesis 
Maternse,  hac  sacra  sum  tumulatus  Humo." 

N.  Brigham  was  a  "  teller "  of  the  Ex- 
chequer, which  would  be  an  ''auditor,"  I 
suppose.  This  helps  us  to  believe  that  he 
did  not  wrongfully  take  the  credit  of  Hick- 
man's  verses  and  pious  act. 

F.  J.  FURNIVALL. 

[See  the  articles  in  the  Athenceum  of  9  and 
30  August  and  25  October,  1902.] 

STATUE  BY  JOHN  OP  BOLOGNA. — I  have  a 
pocket-book  of  1704  which  has  notes  in  it 
in  the  handwriting  of  Dr.  Harbin.  Among 
them  is  the  following  : — 

"  The' Cain  &  Abel  on  ye  staircase  at  Buckingham 
house  was  made  by  John  de  Bologna,  a  sculptor  of 
the  2"a  class.  It  formerly  belonged  to  the  old  Duke 
of  Buckingham  <fe  was  bought  by  the  present  Duke 
some  years  ago  for  500£.  It  is  worth  1,0001.  as 
Cavalier  David  has  assured  me." 

Where  is  this  statue  now  ?  E.  M. 

"  COLLECTIONER."  —  In  some  of  the  old 
parish  registers  in  East  Anglia  one  some- 
times meets  with  the  foregoing  term,  and 
our  best  dictionaries  throw  no  light  on  it. 
It  occurs  generally  in  the  portion  allotted 
to  deaths,  after  some  aged  person's  name. 
Am  I  correct  in  assuming  the  deceased 
derived  benefit  from  the  church  collection? 
or  does  it  refer  to  one  we  should  now  term 
a  sidesman— one  who  assists  in  taking  the 
collection?  WM.  JAGGARD. 

MARY  STUART.  —  I  should  be  greatly 
obliged  if  any  of  your  readers  could  give 
me  information  about  the  bust  of  Mary 
Stuart  which  is  now  in  the  Louvre.  Is  it, 
for  instance,  supposed  to  be  authentic?  and 
by  whom  was  it  executed  ? 

Another  thing  which  has  puzzled  a  good 
many  is,  When  was  the  cap  with  wired  lace 


10th  S.  I.  JAX.  9,  1904.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


edging  adopted  as  part  of  her  costume  ?  anc 
did  she  wear  it  in  Scotland  ?  One  more 
question,  On  what  authority  is  it  said  that 
she  was  painted  by  Peter  Pourbus  1  Are 
any  examples  of  her  portrait  by  this  artisl 
known  to  exist  in  this  country  1 

H.  H.  CRAWLEY. 
Stowe-nine-Churches  Rectory,  Weedon. 

"  HEARDLOME  ;: :  "  HEECH."— A  Court  Roll 
of  an  Oxfordshire  manor,  dated  in  1604,  con- 
tains the  following  regulation  or  order  : — 

"Item.  Yt  ys  ordered  in  lyke  manner  that  no 
man  within  the  Manner  shall  putt  or  suffer  to  goe 
into  any  parte  of  the  feylde  any  calfes  untill 
Lammas,  and  then  there  the  calfes  to  be  kept  with 
the  heard  amonge  the  heardlome  of  bease  until 
harvest  be  in,  upon  penaltie  to  forfeyt  to  the  lord 
for  every  one  which  shall  herein  offend  for  every 
default,  vjd." 

Can  any  reader  of  'X.  &  Q.' kindly  explain 
the  meaning  of  "heardlome  of  bease"? 
"Bease"  signifies,  no  doubt,  "beasts";  but 
can  "  heardlome  "  mean  lamb  pens  or  folds  ? 

Another  order  in  the  same  Court  Roll 
refers  to  "  land  in  the  new  heech."  What  is 
"heech"?  EDMUND  T.  BEWLEY. 

PICTURE  OP  KNIGHT  IN  ARMOUR.— At  the 
"  Duke's  Head  Hotel,"  Ham  Street,  Kent,  I 
have  found  a  small  panel  on  copper,  very 
much  in  the  style  of  Antonio  Moro's  'Tailor' 
in  the  National  Gallery,  representing  a 
bearded,  middle-aged  man  in  armour  and 
cloak,  with  a  ruff,  somewhat  high,  and  wear- 
ing both  round  his  neck— by  a  gold  chain  (?) 
— and  embroidered  on  his  black  cloak  a  red 
Maltese  cross  outlined  with  a  single  gold 
thread  or  fillet.  What  order  of  knighthood 
would  this  be?  and  who  is  the  probable 
artist  ?  The  picture  was  bought  by  the  land- 
lord some  years  ago  at  a  village  sale  from  an 
old  native  of  Ham  Street,  in  whose  possession 
it  had  been  for  some  time.  H. 

HENRY  FREDERICK  AND  WALTER  LOCKHART 
HOLT. — The  former  gentleman  appears  to 
have  possessed  a  considerable  collection  of 
relics  of  Gustavus  Adolphus  and  kindred 
matters.  He  died  at  King's  Road,  Clapham 
Park,  on  15  April,  1871.  He  apparently  had 
a  brother  Walter  Lockhart  Holt.  Is  any- 
thing known  of  the  latter  ? 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 

PERSIAN  PAINTINGS.— I  have  lately  come 
into  possession  of  two  Persian  paintings,  the 
one  representing  the  portrait  of  a  man,  the 
other  of  two  women.  There  is  an  inscription 
above  each  picture,  which  has  been  translated 
to  me  as  follows— over  the  man,  "Ali  Adil 
Shah,  the  Lesser " ;  over  the  two  women, 
"Queens  Bonti  Haroun."  Can  any  of  your 


readers  give  me  any  particulars  about  the 
personages  named  ?  There  was  an  Ali  Adil, 
I  know,  who  succeeded  his  uncle  Nadir  as 
Shah  of  Persia  in  1747;  but  would  he  be 
referred  to  as  "  the  Lesser"?  and  if  not,  who 
was  the  man  whose  portrait  I  have  ?  I  should 
greatly  value  any  information  whatever  about 
him  and  about  the  queens.  R.  M.  L. 

PENRITH. — May  I  ask  where  was  Penrith, 
mentioned  as  a  suffragan  see  in  the  Act  of 
Henry  VIII.  (I  think  "it  is  spelt  Penrethe)  ? 
Also  where  is  the  town  of  Pereth  in  the  same 
Act  ?  John  Bird  was  consecrated  Bishop  of 
Penrith  by  Archbishop  Cranmer. 

W.  S.  LACH-SZYRMA. 

Barkingside  Vicarage. 

[Penrith  is  still  pronounced  Perith  in  the  North. 
See  9th  S.  xi.  328,  411,  471 ;  xii.  75.] 

QUEEN  HELENA. — Has  any  Queen  Helen 
entered  London  since  the  age  of  the  Empress 
Helena  (mother  of  Constantino  the  Great, 
who  probably  was  here)  until  Helena,  Queen 
of  Italy,  passed  in  state  to  the  Guildhall  in 
1903?  It  is  said  the  Empress  Helena  was 
also  a  Dalmatian  (in  spite  of  the  British 
legend  of  her  being  daughter  of  King  Coel  of 
Colchester).  If  so,  the  coincidence  is  singular, 
for  Queen  Helena  is  a  Montanigrene,  born 
near  Dalmatia.  W.  S.  LACH-SZYRMA. 

SETTING  OF  PRECIOUS  STONES.  —  In  Ben 
Jonson's  '  The  Devil  is  an  Ass,'  acted  first,  I 
think,  in  1616,  the  goldsmith,  Gilthead, 
speaking  of  a  precious  stone,  says,  t:  He 's  set 
without  a  foil  too."  Jewels  set,  as  it  is  called, 
a  jour  (that  is,  without  a  back  or  foil)  were 
not,  I  believe,  common  before  the  end  of  the 
ighteenth  century;  but  I  should  be  glad  to 
C  enlightened  on  the  subject  by  any  of  the 
readers  of  'N.  &  Q.'  who  are  learned  in  the 
matter.  BURGHCLERE. 

JAPANESE  CARDS. — In  which  of  the  in- 
numerable works  on  Japan  can  I  find 
described  the  various  kinds  of  Japanese  play- 
ng  cards  ?  I  have  a.  pack  of  forty-eight 
;ards,  which,  I  understand,  consists  of  twelve 
suits  (four  cards  each)  representing  the 
months  of  the  year.  They  appear  to  bear 
,he  following  emblems:  (1) pines  and  a  stork, 
2)  plum-blossom  and  some  bird,  (3)  cherry- 
)lossom  and  a  curtain,  (4)  wistaria  and  a 
:uckoo,  (5)  flags,  (6)  peonies  and  a  butterfly, 
7)  clover  and  a  boar,  (8)  eularia,  geese,  the 
moon,  (9)  chrysanthemum  and  a  cup,  (10) 
maple-leaves  and  a  deer,  (11)  rain,  a  swallow, 
i  willow,  a  frog,  a  man  with  an  umbrella, 
12)  paullownia  and  the  phoenix. 

JAMES  PLATT,  Jun. 


30 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io»  s.  i.  JAS.  0,  in*. 


GRENADIER  GUARDS. 
(9th  S.  xii.  484.) 

WITH  the  exception  of  the  recently  raised 
regiment  of  Irish  Guards,  there  is  hardly  a 
regiment  in  the  British  service  which  owes  its 
present  designation  to  thedate  of  its  inception, 
therefore  there  is  nothing  extraordinary  in 
the  fact  of  the  Grenadier  Guards  receiving 
such  a  title  from  the  Regent  on  29  July,  1815, 
as  a  reward  for  their  defeat  of  the  Grenadiers 
of  the  French  Imperial  Guards  at  Waterloo. 

The  present  Grenadier  Guards  take  pre- 
cedence in  our  army,  as  a  regiment,  since 
1660,  when  a  standing  force  was  originated 
after  the  Restoration,  and  has  remained 
under  the  same  constitution  ever  since. 
Charles  II.,  in  consequence  of  the  "Fifth 
Monarchy"  outbreak,  issued  an  order  for  a 
new  regiment  to  be  raised  (all  the  Cromwellian 
troops  having  been  disbanded  by  Act  of 
Parliament),  which  consisted  of  twelve  com- 
panies of  100  men  each,  and  was  designated 
"the  King's  Regiment  of  Foot  Guards,"  the 
king  himself  being  its  first  colonel.  It  was 
subsequently  known  as  the  1st  Foot  Guards 
until  1815,  when  it  received,  as  already  stated, 
its  title  of  1st  or  Grenadier  Regiment  of  Foot 
Guards,  now  shortened  to  Grenadier  Guards. 
As  a  matter  of  fact,  Charles  had  raised  a 
regiment  in  Flanders  in  1656,  known  as 
the  Royal  Regiment  of  Guards,  under  the 
colonelcy  of  Lord  Wentworth.  Although 
this  regiment  was  disbanded  through  in- 
ability to  maintain  it,  most  of  those  who  had 
served  were  enrolled  in  another  regiment 
raised  and  commanded  by  Col.  John  Russell, 
which  eventually  became  absorbed  into  the 
King's  Regiment  of  Foot  Guards. 

The  grenade,  as  a  weapon  of  war,  was  in- 
vented at  Granada  in  1594,  and  the  soldiers 
who  carried  and  threw  these  missiles  were 
termed  grenadiers.  They  were  not  intro- 
duced into  our  army  until  1677,  when  a  num- 
ber of  picked  men  in  each  regiment  were  so 
armed,  and  termed  the  1st  or  Grenadiei 
Company.  The  Guards  and  all  other  regi- 
ments had  such  companies,  and  later  on,  in 
1693,  the  Horse  Grenadier  Guards  were 
raised.  From  Evelyn's  'Diary,'  under  date 
29  June,  1678,  I  extract  the  following  :— 

"Now  were  brought  into  service  a  new  sort  of 
soldiers,  called  grenadiers,  who  were  dexterous  in 
flinging  hand-grenades,  every  one  having  a  pouchful 
Ihey  had  furred  caps  with  coped  crowns  like  janis- 
saries, which  made  them  look  very  fierce ;  and  some 
had  long  hoods  hanging  down  behind,  as  we  picture 
fols,  their  clothing  likewise  piebald  — red  and 
yellow.' 


In  Sandford's  'History  of  the  Coronation 

of  James  II.'  the  costume  of  a  grenadier  is 

described,  showing  that  he  wore  the  conical 

ap,  and  that,  in  addition  to  a  carbine  and 

artouch-box,  he  carried  a  grenade  pouch,  a 

sword,  a  hammer,  and  a  hatchet. 

There  is  a  plate  in  the  Archaeological 
Journal  showing  a ,  grenadier  preparing  to 
throw  the  grenade.  The  plate  depicts  a 
soldier  of  1745,  and  as  the  grenade  is  held 
in  the  hand,  it  would  seem  that,  after  all,  the 
manual  projection  of  the  missile  was  found 
as  reliable  as  the  mortar,  and  it  was  doubt- 
less more  convenient.  The  soldier  holds  the 
grenade  as  though  he  were  about  to  throw 
an  overhand  ball  at  cricket. 

Although  hand  grenades  were  long  ago 
abolished  from  the  army,  great  use  was  made 
of  them  during  the  siege  of  Mafeking. 

Whilst  on  the  subject  of  the  Guards,  it  is 
as  well  to  note  that  although  the  Coldstreams 
come  next  in  seniority  to  the  Grenadiers, 
their  origin  is  actually  older  than  that  of  the 
latter  regiment,  for  whilst  in  the  act  of  being 
disbanded  under  Monk,  they  were  brought 
into  the  army  establishment  as  the  Cold- 
stream  Regiment  of  Foot  Guards.  The  fol- 
lowing anecdote  shows  why  they  retained 
their  name  of  Coldstream.  After  the  Re- 
storation the  three  regiments  of  Guards  were 
assembled  on  Tower  Hill  to  take  the  oath 
of  allegiance,  and  as  a  sign  of  repudiation  of 
the  Commonwealth  they  were  ordered  to  lay 
down  their  arms.  Having  obeyed  this  order 
with  alacrity,  they  were  then  commanded  by 
the  king  to  take  them  up  in  his  service  as 
the  first,  second,  and  third  regiments  of  Foot 
Guards.  The  first  and  third  did  so,  with 
cheers,  but  the  second  stood  firm.  "Why 
does  your  regiment  hesitate  ? "  inquired  the 
king  of  General  Monk.  "  May  it  please  your 
Majesty,"  said  the  stern  old  soldier,  saluting, 
"  the  Coldstreams  are  your  Majesty's  devoted 
servants,  but  after  the  services  they  have 
rendered  your  Highness,  they  cannot  consent 
to  be  second  to  any  regiment."  "  They  are 
right,"  said  the  king,  "  and  they  shall  be  second 
to  none.  Let  them  take  up  arms  as  my  Cold- 
stream  Regiment  of  Foot  Guards."  These 
words  had  a  magical  effect ;  the  arms  were 
raised  amid  frantic  cries  of  "Long  live  the 
king  ! "  Since  that  time  the  motto  of  the 
regiment  has  been  "  Nulli  secundus." 

The  Scots  Guards,  so  named,  were  formed 
in  Scotland  under  the  command  of  the  Earl 
of  Linlithgow  in  1662,  and  consisted  of  only 
five  companies.  In  171S  they  were  known 
as  the  3rd  Regiment  of  Foot  Guards.  In 
1831  the  regiment  was  designated  the  .Scots 
Fusilier  Guards ;  and  it  was  only  a  short 


10th  S.  I.  JAN.  9,  1904.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


31 


time  previous  to  the  death  of  Queen  Victoria 
that  she  restored  to  them  their  original  name 
of  Scots  Guards.  THORNE  GEORGE. 

British  Grenadiers  date  from  1677,  first  as  a 
few  specially  trained  men,  and  immediately 
afterwards  as  a  whole  company,  in  each 
regiment.  Evelyn  mentions  having  seen 
some  of  them  at  the  camp  at  Hounslow  in 
1678.  A  regimental  drinking  song  of  some 
dozen  stanzas,  dated  1681,  commemorates  the 
heroic  deeds  of  the  Grenadier  Company  of 
the  First  Royals— "the  brave  Granadeers," 
"  the  brave  Scottish  boys."  Chappell,  in  his 
'  National  Airs,'  says  that  the  march  known 
as  '  The  British  Grenadiers '  is  two  hundred 
years  old.  A  very  rare  book  is  '  The  Grena- 
dier's Exercise  of  the  Grenado  in  H.M.  First 
Regiment  of  Foot  Guards,'  1745.  W.  S. 

It  would  be  easy  to  infer  from  MR.  NORTH'S 
remarks  that  the  name  of  "grenadier"  as 
applied  to  those  soldiers  of  the  line  who 
practised  the  use  of  the  band-grenade  was 
unknown  until  1815.  Before  this,  however,  it 
was  generally  customary  for  every  battalion 
of  foot  to  possess  a  company  of  Grenadiers, 
who  were  first  known  in  the  British  service 
in  1685,  and  first  instituted  in  France  in  1667, 
where  four  or  five  only  were  allotted  to  each 
company.  (See  Ch.  James's  '  Military  Diet.,' 
1816.)  In  the  Weekly  Journal  of  29  January, 
1722,  is  the  announcement  that  "  the  Grena- 
diers of  the  Army  in  Hide-Park  are  before 
their  decamping  to  perform  an  Exercise  of 
throwing  Hand-Grenadoes,  &c.,  before  his 
Majesty."  There  were  two  troops  of  Horse 
Grenadier  Guards  in  England,  the  first  being 
raised  in  1693,  and  the  command  given  to 
Lieut. -General  Cholmondeley  ;  and  the  second 
in  1701,  commanded  by  Lord  Forbes.  Horse 
Grenadiers  were  first  established  in  France 
by  Louis  XIV.  in  1676,  and  formed  into 
squadrons. 

"Wednesday  the  several  Troops  of  Horse  and 
Horse-Grenadier  Guards,  incamp'd  in  Hyde  Park, 
were  muster'd." — Weekly  Journal,  2o  Aug.,  1722. 

"We  hear  that  on  Friday  last,  about  twenty 
Gentlemen  of  the  Second  Troop  of  Horse  Grena- 
diers, have  been  discharg'd  on  Account  of  their 
Age,  or  being  under  Size,  or  some  such  Reasons, 
and  not  for  disaffection  to  the  Government,  or 
Misdemeanors  ;  and  that  a  certain  Sum  of  Money 
was  order'd  for  each  of  them  as  a  Compensation  ; 
however  one  of  those  Gentlemen  shot  himself  that 
evening."— Ibid.,  22  Oct.,  1723. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 


MUNDY  (9th  S.  xii.  485).— Sir  John  Mundy, 
goldsmith,  of  London,  was  Lord  Mayor 
in  the  years  1522-3.  He  is  stated  to 
have  been  a  son  of  Sir  John  Mundy,  Knt., 


by  his  wife  Isabel,  daughter  of  John  Ripes, 
Alderman ;  but  pedigrees  and  historians 
alike  differ  with  regard  to  his  parentage.  He 
married  firstly  a  wife  Margaret,  who  was 
buried  in  St.  Peter's,  Cheapside,  and  by 
whom  he  had  one  daughter,  Margaret,  who 
married  Nicholas  Jennyngs  in  1526,  and 
afterwards  became  the  wife  of  Lord  Edmund 
Howard,  Marshal  of  Horse  in  the  battle  of 
Flodden,  a  son  of  Thomas,  second  Duke  of 
Norfolk,  and  father(by  his  wife  Joyce,  daughter 
of  Richard  Colepepper)  of  Queen  Catharine 
Howard.  Sir  John  Mundy  married  secondly, 
before  1514,  Julyan,  daughter  of  Sir  William 
Browne,  Lord  Mayor  1513-14,  by  his  first 
wife  Katherine,  daughter  of  Sir  Edmund 
Shaw,  Lord  Mayor  1482-3,  and  by  this 
marriage  he  had  several  children.  Having 
been  knighted  at  Whitehall  in  1529,  Sir  John 
Mundy  died  in  1537,  and  his  will  (proved 
P.C.C.  in  the  same  year)  contains  many 
genealogical  data.  In  it  he  mentions  his 
children  Vincent,  John,  Nicholas,  William, 
Mildred,  Anne,  Elizabeth,  and  "Margeret 
Hawarde"  his  daughter.  By  codicil,  dated 
a  month  later  than  the  will,  he  appoints 
"my  lorde  of  Norff"  to  be  overseer  to  his 
daughter  "Anne  Darcy  and  her  husband 
Thomas  Darcy,  and  to  Anthonye  Darcy, 
father  of  the  said  Thomas,  and  to  the  child 
that  the  said  Anne  is  conceived  wth." 

Dame  Julyan  Mundy,  widow  of  the  Lord 
Mayor,  died  in  the  same  year,  1537,  and, 
together  with  her  husband  and  his  first  wife, 
was  buried  at  "  St.  Peter's  in  Chepe."  Her 
will  (proved  1537,  P.C.C.)  is  valuable  genea- 
logical evidence.  Of  Sir  John  Mundy's  sons, 
Vincent  (will  proved  P.C.C.  1573  ;  slain  by 
one  of  his  own  children,  according  to  all 
pedigrees)  succeeded  to  the  property  of 
Markeaton,  co.  Derbjr,  which  has  remained 
in  the  family  from  the  year  1510  until  the 
present  day.  Thomas  was  Prior  of  Bodmin 
(will  proved  P.C.C.  1554),  and  is  probably 
identical  with  the  "Thomas  Monndaie"  of 
Wriothesley's  Chronicle,  who  was  condemned 
to  death  for  having  preserved  as  a  relic  and 
conveyed  across  the  water  the  left  arm  of 
John  Houghton,  who  suffered  death  for 
treason,  denying  the  king's  supremacy.  Of 
the  remaining  sons  of  the  Lord  Mayor  little 
has  been  ascertained.  Anne  and  Elizabeth 
married  respectively  Thomas  Darcy  of  Tolles- 
hunt  (second  wife/  and  Sir  John  (?)  Tyrrell 
of  Heron.  The  Lord  Mayor's  name  occurs 
several  times  in  the  Calendars  of  Patent 
Rolls,  and  is  associated  with  the  suppression 
of  the  May  Day  riot  of  1517,  when  the  Lon- 
doners resented  an  invasion  of  alien  workers 
skilled  in  the  silk  trade.  Roger  Mundy, 


32 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io<h  a.  i.  JAN.  9,  im. 


brother  to  Sir  John  Mundy,  was  likewise  a 
goldsmith,  and  married  a  wife  Elizabeth. 
By  will  dated  1562  (proved  P.C.C.  1562)  he 
left  to  his  son  Nicholas  "  my  gowne  faced 
with  budge  [badger  1]  and  furred  with  lambe." 
He  refers  to  his  other  son  John,  and  daugh- 
ters Margery  and  Elizabeth. 

No  connexion  is  claimed  in  any  family 
pedigrees  between  Anthony  Munday,  drama- 
tist, and  the  Mundys  of  Derbyshire. 

PERCY  DRYDEN  MUNDY. 

Hove,  Sussex. 

[MR.  E.  H.  COLEMAN,  DR.  FORSIIAW,  and  MR. 
W.  D.  PINK  are  thanked  for  short  replies.] 

"  A  GALLANT  CAPTAIN,"  &C.  (9th  S.  xii.  506). 

— The  reference  is  to  the  third  verse  of  the 
'  Elegy  on  the  Death  of  Jean  Bon  St.  Andre ' 
in  the'  well-known  Anti-Jacobin.  The  correct 
quotation  is  as  under  : — 

Poor  John  was  a  gallant  captain, 
In  battles  much  delighting ; 
He  fled  full  soon 
On  the  first  of  June — 
But  he  bade  the  rest  keep  fighting. 

A  note  to  the  edition,  by  Charles  Edmonds 
(1851),  of  the  poetry  in  that  work,  states  that, 
"  having  been  appointed  [by  the  French 
Government]  to  remodel  the  Republican  navy, 
he  was  present  at  the  action  of  1  June,  1794, 
in  which  he  showed  excessive  cowardice." 

G.  E.  C. 

[MR.  A.  R.  MALDEN  and  MR.  A.  F.  BOBBINS  also 
supply  the  reference  to  the  Anti-Jacobin.] 

LONG  LEASE  (9th  S.  xii.  25,  134,  193,  234, 
449,  513). — An  old  house  at  the  corner  of 
North  Street  and  Taprell's  Lane  (Lostwithiel, 
Cornwall)  bears  a  granite  tablet  with  this 
inscription  :  "  Walter  Kendall,  of  Lostwithiel, 
was  founder  of  this  house  in  1638,  hath  a 
lease  for  three  thousand  years,  which  hath 
beginning  the  29th  of  September,  Anno  1632." 
R.  BARCLAY-ALLARDICE. 

Lostwithiel. 

ROBIN  A  BOBBIN  (9th  S.  xii.  503).— I  sent  a 
note  on  this  rime  several  years  since,  but  it 
never  appeared.  My  maternal  grandmother 
— a  very  old  woman — used  to  sing  it  to  us 
children  sixty  years  ago.  Her  version  differed 
from  MR.  RATCLIFFE'S,  but  I  remember  dis- 
tinctly the  first  verse  only.  It  ran  : — 

Let 's  go  a-hunting,  says  Robin  to  Bobbin  ; 

Let 's  go  a-hunting,  says  Richard  to  Robin ; 

Let 's  go  a-hunting,  says  Little  John  ; 

Let 's  go  a-hunting,  says  every  one. 

The  mention  of  Little  John  is  particularly 
interesting.  C.  C.  B. 

MEDICAL  BARRISTERS  (9th  S.  xii.  485).— Dr. 
George  Eugene  Yarrow  (an  uncle  of  mine), 


who  died  on  25  November  last,  in  his  sixty- 
ninth  year,   was    not   only  a    well  -  known 
medical  man,  holding  several  public  appoint- 
ments, but  was  also  a  barrister-at-law,  being  a 
member  of  the  Honourable  Society  of  Gray's 
Inn.     For  several  years  he  held  the  judicial 
office    of    Deputy -Coroner    for    the  North- 
Eastern  Division  of  the  County  of  London. 
G.  YARROW  BALDOCK. 
South  Hackney. 

In  Ireland,  at  the  close  of  the  eighteenth 
century,  one  of  the  United  Irish  leaders, 
T.  A.  Emmet,  was  first  a  physician  and  after- 
wards a  barrister.  See  Madden's  '  Lives  and 
Times  of  the  United  Irishmen,'  vol.  iii.  pp.  28, 
32,  33,  34.  FRANCESCA. 

[MR.  ATKINSON  in  his  query  implies  that  Mr. 
Edward  Pollock  is  no  longer  living.  Such  is  not 
the  case,  and  we  regret  that  we  were  unable  to 
correct  our  correspondent.] 

RICHARD  NASH  (9th  S.  xi.  445  ;  xii.  15,  116, 
135,  272,  335,  392,  493).— I  regret  my  failure  to 
understand  the  drift  of  MR.  ANTHONY 
TUCKER'S  letter.  The  point  at  issue  was 
whether  a  statue  or  a  picture  was  erected  in 
Nash's  honour  in  the  Pump  Room  at  Bath. 
Goldsmith,  in  the  first  edition  of  his  '  Life,' 
stated  that  a  statue  was  placed  in  the  Pump 
Room  between  the  busts  of  Newton  and 
Pope.  In  the  second  edition,  in  which  the 
errors  of  the  first  were  corrected,  he  stated 
that  a  picture  of  Nash  was  placed  in 
Wiltshire's  Ballroom,  between  the  busts  of 
Newton  and  Pope,  while  the  statue  was 
erected  in  the  Pump  Room.  This  point,  there- 
fore, may  be  considered  settled.  MR.  TUCKER 
says  that  six  verses  of  a  poem  by  Jane 
Brereton  were  published  in  1744,  the  last  verse 
being  "similar  to  both  versions  of  the  last 
verse  of  the  epigram  in  Goldsmith's  first  and 
second  editions."  Now  as  Goldsmith's  first 
edition  named  a  statue,  and  the  second  edition 
a  picture,  it  is  difficult  to  see  how  a  third 
version  could  be  "  similar "  to  both  these 
versions,  which  vary  in  an  essential  point. 
But  I  shall  be  grateful  if  MR.  TUCKER  can 
throw  more  "light  either  on  the  picture  or  the 
epigram.  As  I  am  shortly  leaving  England 
for  some  months,  I  am  unable  to  look  into 
this  question  myself.  W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

"  THE  CONSUL  OF  GOD  "  (9th  S.  xii.  506).— 
This  occurs  in  the  last  two  lines  of  the  epitaph 
on  Gregory  the  Great  and  refers  to  him  : — 
Bisque  Dei  Consul  factus  Isetare  triumphis  : 
Nam  mercedem  operum  jam  sine  fine  tenes. 

The  epitaph  is  given  by  Bede,  whose  '  His- 
tory' ends  with  731.  In  729  Gregory,  who 
had  been  buried  in  the  atrium  of  St.  Peter's, 
was  translated  within  the  church,  and  pos- 


io*  s.  i.  JAN-.  9, 1904.]          NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


sibly  the  epitaph  belongs  to  that  time.  But 
Gregorovius  ('  Rome  in  the  Middle  Ages,'  ii. 
99  note,  Eng.  trans.)  says  :  "A  good  inscrip- 
tion was  later  placed  in  his  honour.  This 
was  composed  by  Petrus  Oldradus,  Arch- 
bishop of  Milan  and  Secretary  of  Adrian  I." 
Adrian  was  Pope  772-95,  and  therefore  the 
epitaph  (or  inscription  —  assuming  their 
identity),  if  composed  by  Oldradus,  must 
have  been  written  by  him  whilst  quite  a 
young  ecclesiastic.  Perhaps  some  reader  of 
'N.  &  Q.'  can  say  what  Oldradus  was  doing 
about  730.  C.  S.  WARD. 

"  CONSTAXTINE  PEBBLE"  (9th  S.  xii.  506).— 

This  is  a  name  ironically  applied  to  the 
enormous  dolmen  of  granite,  weighing  750 
tons,  which  existed  in  the  parish  of  St.  Con- 
stantine,  Cornwall,  until  (I  think)  the  late 
seventies,  when  it  was  destroyed  by  opera- 
tions in  an  adjacent  quarry.  It  is  minutely 
described  and  figured  by  Borlase  in  his  quaint 
'  History  of  Cornwall ';  and  a  description  will 
be  found  also,  with  a  woodcut,  in  Cyrus 
Bedding's  '  Illustrated  Itinerary  of  the 
County  of  Cornwall,'  1842,  p.  135. 

JOHN  HOBSOX  MATTHEWS. 
[DR.  FOKSHAW  sends  a  long  extract  from  vol.  ii. 
p.  453  of  '  The  Beauties  of  England  and  Wales ' 
(Longman,  1801);  and  MR  C.  S.  WARD  refers  to 
the  inscribed  Constantine  Stone  found  at  St.  Hilary, 
Cornwall,  in  18-53.] 

MARRIAGE  HOUSE  (9th  S.  xii.  428,  509).  — 
Miss  POLLARD  says  that  the  Marriage  House 
at  Braughing  has  been  pulled  down.  It  is 
generally  stated  to  have  been  destroyed  some 
quarter  of  a  century  ago  ;  but  I  do  not  think 
this  was  the  case.  The  very  interesting  old 
half-timbered  house  on  the  south  side  of  the 
churchyard,  now  divided  into  tenements,  is, 
I  feel  certain,  the  original  building. 

Another  Wedding  House  was  at  Anstey. 
It  stood  partly  upon  the  lord's  waste  and 
partly  in  the  churchyard.  At  an  inquisition 
held  at  Hertford  in  1630  it  is  stated  that  it 
was  anciently  given  to  the  town  of  Anstey  to 
keep  the  weddings  of  poor  people  who  should 
be  married  in  the  said  town.  There  had  been 
therefore  divers  goods  belonging  to  the  said 
messuage  and  used  at  the  said  weddings,  but 
of  all  such  there  remained  only  "four  great 
spytts,"  all  the  rest  having  been  consumed  or 
lost.  At  that  date  it  was  apparently  no 
longer  used  for  weddings,  but  had  become  a 
poorhouse  and  was  both  "  noysome  and 
filthee."  It  was  pulled  down  quite  a  century 
ago,  but  the  site  is  pointed  out  by  the  old 
people.  W.  B.  GERISH. 

[DR.  FORSHAW  notes  that  the  '  National  Gazet- 
teer,' 1868,  states  under  '  Braughin '  that  the  Mar- 
riage House  was  given  by  Mr.  Jenyns.] 


SHAKESPEARE'S  SCHOLARSHIP  (9th  S.  xii. 
427). — It  may  be  that  my  statement  that 
"Mr.  Churton  Collins  has  proved  that 
Shakespeare  was  one  of  the  best  Latin 
scholars  who  ever  lived  "  needs  qualification, 
and  that  the  phrase  "  an  excellent  Latin 
scholar"  should  be  substituted  for  the 
stronger  expression.  What  Mr.  Churton 
Collins  says  is  : — 

"What  has  been  demonstrated  is  that  Shake- 
speare could  read  Latin,  that  in  the  Latin  original 
he  most  certainly  read  Plautus,  Ovid,  and  Seneca, 
that  the  Greek  dramatists,  and  all  those  Greek 
authors,  besides  Plutarch,  who  appear  to  have 

influenced  him,  were  easily  accessible  to  him in 

Latin  translations." 

And  again  :— 

"With   some   at   least   of  the  principal    Latin 

authors  he   was   intimately    acquainted and    of 

{  the  Greek  classics  in  the  Latin  versions  he  had  a 
:  remarkably  extensive  knowledge" 

MR.  HAINES  maintains  that  Shakespeare's 
1  "knowledge  of    Latin  cannot    be    properly 
tested  until  we  can  determine  what  part,  if 
any,   of    *  1  Henry  VI.,'  and    what    part  of 
i '2  Henry  VI.,'   '3  Henry  VI.,'    'Taming  of 
j  the  Shrew,'  '  Timon  of  Athens,'  and  especially 
j  of  '  Titus  Andronicus,'  were  his."  I  fail  to  see 
i  this  reasoning.     Why  not  take  the  accepted 
"  Shakespeare"  dramas,  as  Mr.  Churton  Collins 
does, and  prove  theLatinity  therein  displayed1? 
In  the  'Comedy  of  Errors'  we  find  that  the 
author  of  the  dramas  was  acquainted  with 
the  ' Mostellaria,'  'Trinummus,'  and  'Miles 
Glpriosus,'    and,     omitting     the     doubtful 
'Titus  Andronicus'  and  the  three  parts  of 
'Henry  VI.'  (which  are  "saturated  with  the 
tragedies   of    Seneca"),    Mr.  Collins  proves 
that  in  the  undoubted  'Richard  III.,'  'The 
Merchant  of  Venice,'   and   'Much  Ado'  the 
dramatist  shows    a  knowledge  of    Horace  ; 
and  in  'Hamlet,'  'Lear,'  'Antony  and  Cleo- 
patra,'   '  Cymbeline,'  and    '  1  Henry  IV.,'  a 
remarkable  acquaintance  with  Juvenal.     By 
unmistakable  parallelisms    Mr.   Collins  has 
proved  that  the  dramatist  had  read — in  Latin 
translations  —  Plato's  'Alcibiades'  and  'Ee- 
;  public,'  and  also  the  principal  tragedies   of 
Sophocles,    ^Eschylus,    and    Euripides.     Of 
i  these  parallelisms  it  is  of  interest  to  note 
!  that  Mr.  Sidney  Lee  maintains  that  "such 
i  coincidences  as  have  been  detected  between 
!  expressions  in  Greek  plays  and  in  Shake- 
1  speare  seem  due  to  accident,"  and  that  they 
!  are  "no  more  than  curious  accidents — proofs 
!  of  consanguinity  of  spirit."    This  Mr.  Collins 
directly    and    successfully   controverts.    He 
says  such  a  contention  "  is,  of  course,  quite 
within  the  bounds  of  possibility"  but  that 
"  it  is  not  with  possibilities  but  with  proba- 
{bililies  that  investigators  of    this  kind  are 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.          GO*  s.  i.  JAN.  9, 1904. 


concerned."  A  careful  examination  of  th 
three  articles  in  the  Fortnightly  for  April 
May,  and  July,  1903,  will  convince  sceptic 
of  the  dramatist's  classical  knowledge  tha 
Ben  Jonson  was  a  bit  "  too  previous "  wher 
he  stated  that  Shakespeare  (if  he  referred  t 
the  author  of  the  plays)  had  "  smalle  Latin.' 
Opinions  have  changed,  however,  since  th 
days  of  the  critic  Dennis,  who  wrote  : — 

"He  who  allows  Shakespeare  had  learning,  am 
a  learning  with  the  ancients,  ought  to  be  lookec 
upon  as  a  detractor  from  the  glory  of  Grea 
Britain." 

Very  much  on  these  lines  run  the  remarks  p 
a  leader-writer  in  the  Daily  Netvs,  who,  in 
resenting  Mr.  Churton  Collins's  arguments 
stated  :  - 

"  It  is  right  to  say  that  in  the  article  not  a  littl 
evidence  is  adduced    to   show    that    Shakespeare 
might    conceivably   have    acquired    the    necessarj 
classical  knowledge  in  the  grammar  school  at  Strat 
ford.     There  is  nothing  absolutely  impossible  in  th< 
supposition  that  he  did  so,  except  the  strong  evi 
deuce  that,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  he  did  not.     Hac 
he  done  so,  it  is  extremely  hard  to  account  for  th 
opinion  of  his  friends  and  contemporaries  that  h 
did  not  possess  this  knowledge." 

It  is  evident  that  the  theory  of  Dennis  anc 
Dr.  Farmer— founded  on  the  blunt  assertion 
made  to  Drummond  by  Ben  Jonson — thai 
there  is  not  a  particle  of  classical  know- 
ledge to  be  found  in  the  plays,  will  die  hard, 
if  it  ever  dies.  Of  course  the  opinion  oi 
Aubrey  is  worth  nothing  that  "he  under- 
stood Latin  very  well." 

It  seems  ludicrous  that  MR.  HAINES  should 
condemn  the  dramatist's  Latinity  because  in 
'  Troilus  and  Cressida '  the  word  '"  Ariachne ' 
appears  for  "Arachne."  But  was  that  the 
fault  of  the  writer  of  the  plays?  The 
Quartos  and  the  Folio  are  full  of  typo- 
graphical errors,  of  which  this  is  only  an 
ordinary  example,  just  as  in  'The  Merry 
Wives '  a  clever  compositor  has  puzzled  com- 
mentators for  all  time  with  what  the  expres- 
sion "  an-heires  "  is  supposed  to  represent. 

MR.  HAINES  also  refers  to  "  two  or  three 
instances  of  false  Latin  in  '  Love's  Labour 's 
Lost.' "  I  find  in  this  play— written  a  few 
years  after  Shakespeare  left  Stratford,  the 
earliest  of  the  dramatic  series,  and  one  so 
learned  and  scholarly  in  language  and  allu- 
sion that  it  is  unfit  for  popular  represen- 
tation— the  following  Latin  words :  "minime," 
"  veni,  vidi,  vici,"  "videlicet,"  "haud  credo," 
"  in  via,"  "  facere,"  "  ostentare,"  "  bis  coctus," 
"terra,"  "  perge,"  "  pia  mater,'  "  vir  sapit, 
qui  pauca  loquitur,"  "  mehercle,"  "Fauste, 
precor  gelida  quando  pecus  omne  sub  umbra 
ruminat,"  "lege,  domine,"  "caret,"  "pauca 
verba, '  "  satis  quod  sufficit,"  "  novi  hominem 


tanquam  te,"  "ne  intelligis  domine,!'  "laus 
deo,  bone  intelligo  "  (corrected  by  Holofernes 
to"bene"),  "videsnequis  venit,"  "  Video  et 
gaudeo,"  "pueritia,"  "exit."  All  this  dog- 
Latin  is  not  intended  to  be  classical  Latin — 
the  Latin  of  the  writer — but  the  Latin  of  the 
pedantic  Holofernes,  of  whom  the  author 
makes  such  splendid  game,  and  who  speaks 
of  "  the  ear  of  coslo  "  (for  "  ccelum ")  and 
"  imitari "  (for  "  imitare,"  perhaps  another 
printer's  error).  But  may  all  this  not  be 
intentional,  instead  of  accidental,  bad 
Latinity  ?  We  have  in  the  same  play  speci- 
mens of  excellent  Italian  and  French,  all  of 
them  grammatically  accurate,  as  is  also  the 
case  in  the  French  dialogue  of  '  Henry  V.' 

In  similar  manner  the  dramatist's  Latin 
has  been  called  in  question  because  in  '  The 
Merchant  of  Venice '  one  line  reads  "  Stephano 
is  my  name  "  (why  not,  possibly,  Stephano  ?), 
and  another,  "  My  friend  Stephano  signify, 
I  pray  thee  " ;  but  against  this  we  can  set 
the  pronunciation  of  "Stephano"  in  'The 
Tempest,'  where  the  word  occurs  nine  times — 
five  in  prose  and  four  in  verse — in  every  one 
of  the  latter  the  word  being  pronounced  cor- 
rectly, "  Stephano."  To  explain  this  dis- 
crepancy between  the  pronunciation  in  '  The 
Merchant  of  Venice'  and  that  in  'The 
Tempest,'  an  ingenious  critic  has  maintained 
that  Ben  Jonson  had  in  the  interval  in- 
formed Shakespeare  how  the  word  should  be 
properly  pronounced  !  Very  likely  !  Obliging 
"  rare  old  Ben  ! "  GEORGE  STRONACH. 

BEYLE  :  STENDHAL  (9th  S.  xii.  127).— Henri 
Beyle's  father,  Joseph  Cherubin  Beyle,  assumed 
the  title  of  nobility  ("de").  Henri  Beyle 
took  the  "de"  about  1810,  but  abandoned  it 
later.  See  'Journal  de  Stendhal,  1801-14' 
(Charpentier),  Appendix,  p.  470. 

J.  C.  MICHELL. 

"A  FLEA   IN   THE   EAR"  (9th   S.    xii.    67,  138, 

196). — The  following  story,  though  not  quite 
relevant  to  the  query,  may  interest  some  of 
your  readers  : — 

"  The  snapping-bug  is  able  to  enter  the  human 

ar  and  cause  troubles.     A  man  who  had  his  ear 

ntered  and  lived  in  by  an  insect  thought  himself 

about  to  die,  and  lived  in  all  sorts  of  extravagance, 

wasting  whatever  belonged  to  his  family.    After 

several  years  his  fortunes  were  totally  ruined,  when 

the  insect  came  out,  putting  a  stop  to  the  disorder, 

and  being  found  to  be  this  beetle." — '  iTuen-kien- 

ui-han,'  1703,  torn,  cdxlviii.  fol.  4b. 

KUMAGUSU   MlNAKATA. 
Mount  Nachi,  Kii,  Japan. 

HISTORICAL  RIME  :  RHYME  (9th  S.  xi.  209, 
30  ;  xii.  33,  491).— The  spelling  rime  appears 
o  be  the  more  correct  The  risk  of  its 
ccurring  where  it  might  be  taken  for  the 


10th  S.  I.  JAX.  9,  1904.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


35 


synonym  of  li  hoar-frost''  is  as  small  as  that 
attached  to  rhyme  as  a  spoken  sound.  In 
the  Times  Literary  Supplement  of  18  Decem- 
ber, 1903,  p.  365,  it  is  pointed  out  that  John 
Milton  favoured  the  spelling  rime.  The 
article  on  'The  Manuscript  of  "Paradise 
Lost"'  contains  these  words  : — 

"  And  still  more  characteristic  of  the  individual  is 
the  change  of  'rhinie'  into  '  rime.'  This  is  one  of 
the  corrections  that  the  printers  ignored,  and  Bishop 
Pearce,  noticing  that  in  the  preface  Milton  spells 
the  word  '  rime  '  six  times  without  an  h,  conjectured 
that  Milton  had  used  the  word  where  it  occurs 
in  the  poem  (1.  16)  in  a  special  sense.  A  reference  to 
this  manuscript  would  have  shown  him  that  the 
inconsistency  was  not  the  poet's." 

Would  not  Milton  bid  us  write  "  poets"  1  Of 
what  use  is  the  apostrophe  before  thegenitival 
or  possessive  si  E.  S.  DODGSON. 

[MK.  HOLD  EX  MACMICHAEL  notes  that  <%To  a 
Walsheman  for  making  a  ryme,  10s.  "  occurs  among 
Henry  VII.'s  Privy  Purse  expenses  (S.  Bentley's 
'  Excerpta  Historica,'  1831,  p.  101).] 

"  MAIS  ON  REVIENT  TOUJOURS  "  (9th  S.    Xli' 

308). — The  words  "  On  revient  toujours  a  ses 
premieres  amours "  are  quoted  by  several 
authorities  as  a  French  proverb,  and  pro- 
bably Etienne,  in  '  Joconde,'  merely  intended 
to  quote  the  proverb.  The  following  lines, 
from  an  ode  by  Lebrun  (died  1807)  entitled 
'Mes  Souvenirs,  ou  les  Deux  Rives  de  la 
Seine,'  are  at  all  events  of  earlier  date  than 
'Joconde': — 

Ce  premier  sentiment  de  1'ame 
Laisse  un  long  souvenir  que  rien  ne  peut  user ; 
Et  c'est  dans  la  premiere  tlamme 
Qu'est  tout  le  nectar  du  baiser. 

If  the  idea  were  taken  literally,  it  might 
be  referred  perhaps  to  Pliny's  'Hist.  Nat.,' 
x.  63,  where  he  says :  "  Cervi  vicissim  ad 
alias  transeunt,  et  ad  priores  redeunt";  but 
the  French  proverb  is  generally  held  to  mean 
that  one  returns  to  one's  first  love  en  souvenir 
only.  Another  proverb  has  it  that  "II  ne 
faut  pas  revenir  sur  ses  premieres  amours,  ni 
aller  voir  la  rose  qu'on  a  admiree  la  veille." 
Probably  this  advice  should  be  taken  lite- 
rally. Cf.  "Toujours  souvient  a  Robin  de 
ces  flutes, '  another  French  proverb. 

The  first  paragraph  of  ch.  xii.  of  Scott's 
'  Peveril  of  the  Peak  '  contains  some  remarks 
that  are  perhaps  pertinent  to  the  question. 
EDWARD  LATHAM. 

THE  OAK,  THE  ASH,  AND  THE  IVY  (9th  S. 
xii.  328,  433,  492).— To  a  Northerner  "bonny 
ivy  tree"  is,  as  I  have  said,  meaningless, 
simply  because  he  would  not  say  that  the 
ivy,  whether  a  tree  or  bush  or  what  not,  was 
"bonny,"  which  the  mountain  ash  is.  The 
quotation  given  by  C.  C.  B.  from  Wickliffs 
Bible  is  beside  the  question,  as  it  is  not  an 


"ivy"  tree  that  is  referred  to,  but  a  yew 
("yue").  In  the  Authorized  Version  it  is  a 
juniper  tree  that  is  named  ;  in  the  Revised 
Version  the  broom,  much  more  likely  trees, 
or  rather  bushes,  than  the  "ivy"  to  sit 
under.  R-  B — E. 

MR.  COLEMAN  is,  I  think,  mistaken. 
Nothing  has  been  said,  unless  at  other  refer- 
ences than  those  given  by  him  (9th  S.  xii.  433), 
concerning  the  lines  in  question.  The  refer- 
ences to  which  he  directs  attention  relate  to 
the  question  of  the  priority  of  the  oak  over 
the  ash,  or  vice  versa,  in  leafing. 

It  does  not  seem  to  have  been  noted  by  any 
of  your  correspondents  that  the  lines 

The  oak,  the  ash,  and  the  bonny  ivy  tree 

Flourish  bravely  at  home  in  my  own  country, 
are  the  burden  of  an  old  ballad,  a  black- 
letter  copy  of  which  is  in  the  Roxburghe 
collection  (see  'Roxburghe  Ballads,'  1893, 
ed.  by  J.  Woodfall  Ebsworth,  vol.  vii.  p.  168). 
The  proper  title  of  the  ballad  is  The 
Northern  Lassie's  Lamentation  ;  or,  the 
Unhappy  Maid's  Misfortune.'  The  whole  of 
the  verses  will  also  be  found  in  William 
Chappell's  'Popular  Music  of  the  Olden 
Time,'  vol.  ii.  p.  457.  Here  also  the  burden 
of  the  ballad  is 

The  oak,  and  the  ash,  and  the  bonnie  ivy  tree. 

Another  black-letter  ballad,  in  the  Douce 
collection,  p.  135,  is  entitled  'The  Lancashire 
Lovers  ;  or,  the  Merry  Wooing  of  Thomas 
and  Betty,'  &c.  (early  Charles  II.),  and  this 
also  has  the  burden  as  first  quoted  above. 
(See  '  Old  English  Music,'  by  William 
Chappell,  new  edition  by  H.  Ellis  \\ool- 
dridge,  1893,  vol.  i.  pp.  276-7.) 

J.   HOLDEN   MACMICHAEL. 

DOROTHY  NUTT  (9th  S.  xii.  387).— Sir  Henry 
Blunt,  Bt.,  married,  March,  1724,  a  Dorothy 
Nutt,  daughter  of  William  Nutt,  of  \\alt- 
hamstow,  Essex.  Sir  Henry  was  great-great- 
grandfather of  Major  Edward  Walter  Blunt, 
who  married  the  Countess  of  Cromartie. 

H.  S.  V.-W. 

RIDING  THE  BLACK  RAM  (9th  S.  xii.  483).T 
Collinson's  '  History  of  Somerset '  quotes  this 
"ancient  custom"  in  the  manor  of  Kilmers- 
don;  and  I  have  an  engraving  of  it 
which  was  given  to  me  many  years  ago  by 
the  former  steward  of  that  manor, 
widow  in  my  print  is  seated  astride  in  the 
orthodox  fashion  :  she  is  attired  in  a  dress 
which  the  artist  evidently  meant  to  represent 
as  of  the  Elizabethan  era,  but  I  am  pretty 
sure  the  date  of  the  engraving  is  not  earlier 
than  the  end  of  the  seventeenth  century. 
The  name  of  the  publisher  has  unfortunately 


36 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         cio*  s.  i.  JAN.  9,  UM. 


been  cut  off  the  print,  below  which  appear 
the  words  "  Custom  of  Riding  the  Black 
Earn. '  H— N. 

This  old  manorial  custom  is  probably  of 
far  higher    antiquity    than    the   illustrated 
broadside  alluded   to  by    L.    L.    K.   would 
appear  to  indicate,  for  there  is  an  account  of 
it  in  dowel's    'Interpreter;    or,    Law  Dic- 
tionary,' the  first  edition  of  which  appeared 
in  1607.    Whether  it  is  to  be  found  in  this 
first  edition,  however,  I  cannot  with  certainty 
say,  but  it  probably  is,  and  it  certainly  is  in 
the  edition  of  1727.    The  passage  referring 
to    the    widow   should    be:     "The   widow 
shall  have  her  Free  bench  in  all  [not  "  hall "] 
his  Copyhold   Lands"  (i.e.,  in  the  lands  of 
the  customary  tenant  deceased).     "The  like 
custom,"  continues  Cowel,  "there  is  in  the 
Manor  of  Chaddleworth  in  the  same  County ; 
in  that  of  Torre,  in  Devonshire,  and  other 
Parts  of  the  West "  (vide  '  Free-Bench ') ;  and 
in  Blount's  '  Law  Diet.,'  1717,  in  the  Reading- 
Room  copy  at  the  British  Museum,  is  what 
appears    to  be    a    contemporary  MS.  note, 
which    is    added    to  the  article  on    'Free- 
bench,'    stating    that    "in  effect    the   same 
custom  is  in  the  manor  of  Leichland,"  in  the 
county  of  "Gloucester"  (query  the  chapelry 
of  Leighland  in  Somersetshire,  or  Lechlade 
in  Gloucestershire).    See  also  Tomlins's  '  Law 
Diet.,'  and   the  Spectator,  No.   614.    Lysons 
says  that  "at  every    court    the   jury    still 
present  this  as  one  of  the  ancient  customs  oi 
the  manor  "  (i.e.,  at  East  and  West  Enbourne) 

"The  penalty  has  not  been  literally  enforced 
within  the  memory  of  man,  but  it  is  said  that  a 
pecuniary  commutation  has  been  received  in  lieu  o 
it,  which  perhaps  may  have  been  more  readilj 

accepted,  from  the  difficulty  of  procuring  a  propei 

animal  for  the  purpose." 

J.  HOLDEN  MAC'MlCHAEL. 

A  copper-plate  engraving  representing  thi 
ceremony  will  be  found  in  the  Wits'  Mar/a 
zine  for  April,  1785.  The  letterpress  de 
scribing  the  picture  is  extracted  from  th 
Spectator,  No.  623,  Monday,  22  Nov.,  1714. 

W.   F.   PRIDEAUX. 

Places  and  particulars  of  this  custom  ap 
pear  in  connexion  with  the  word  '  Bench  '  in 
Barclay's  'English  Dictionary,'  1808. 

H.  J.  B. 

MARY,  QUEEN  OP  SCOTS  (9th  S.  xii.  148 
196,  238).—!  quote  the  following  from  Hil 
Burton's  'The  Scot  Abroad,'  first  edition 
1864,  vol.  i.  p.  68  :— 

"Most  conspicuous  and  illustrious  among  th 
emigrants  to  France  were  those  who  belonged  t 
the  royal  race  of  Stewart :  and  here  let  me  offer  a 
explanatory  protest  for  spelling  the  name  in  thi 
unfashionable  manner.  It  is  the  old  Scots  spellin 


.ie  other — namely  Stuart— having  been  gradually 
dopted  in  deference  to  the  infirmity  of  the  French 
anguage,  which  is  deficient  in  that  sinewy  letter- 
half-breed  between  vowel  and  consonant — which 
e  call  w.  This  innovation  stands  in  the  personal 
omenclature  of  our  day,  a  trivial  but  distinct  relic 
f  the  influence  of  French  manners  and  habits  over 
ur  ancestors." 

W.  S. 

The  following  order  for  the  proclamation 

if  the  marriage  between  Darnley  and  the 

jueen   may  be  of   interest  in   reference  to 

bove.     It  is  taken  from  the  '  Buik  of  the 

£irk  of  the  Canagait.' 

"  The  21  of  July  anno  domini  1565.  The  quhilk 
day  Johne  Brand,  Mynister,  presentit  to  ye  kirk 
ane  writting — written  be  ye  Justice  Clerk  hand 
desyring  ye  kirk  of  ye  cannogait  ande  Minister 
yareof  to  proclame  harie  duk  of  Albaynye  Erie 
of  Roise  on  ye  one  parte,  And  Marie  by  ye  grace- 
of  God  quene  of  Scottis  Soverane  on  ye  uyer  part. 
The  quilk  ye  kirk  ordainis  ye  Mynister  to  do,  wyt. 
[nvocatione  of  ye  name  of  God." 

THORNE  GEORGE. 

"Top  SPIT"  (9th  S.  xii.  505).— This  is  a 
well-known  gardeners'  term  for  green  sward 
taken  up  to  the  depth  of  a  spade,  or  less 
depth,  and  piled  up  to  decay  for  light  soil 
used  in  potting,  &c.  See  '  Mary's  Meadow/ 
by  Mrs.  Ewing.  J.  T.  F. 

Winterton,  Doncaster. 

This  term  is  hardly  a  provincialism,  for  it 
abounds  in  horticultural  literature.  Tims, 
"The  top  spit  of  an  old  pasture  makes 
capital  potting  soil"  (Sutton,  'Cult.  Veget. 
and  Flowers,'  1892,  p.  311).  To  save  the 
expense  of  removing  it  themselves,  builders 
sometimes  advertise  "top  spit  given  away." 
Only  a  day  or  two  ago  I  noticed  a  board 
with  this  superscription.  J.  DORMER. 

"  AS  MERRY  AS   GPJGGS  "  (9th  S.  xii.  506).— 

Griggs  is  a  Staffordshire  word  for  bantams, 
and'  Josiah  Wedgwood,  the  Staffordshire 
potter,  no  doubt  used  it  in  this  way. 

W.  HODGES. 

My  wife  tells  me  that  in  Yorkshire  she  has 
often  heard  children  called  grirjys— that  is, 
when  they  are  about  four  to  eight  years  of 
age.  W.  H.  M.  G. 

I  have  always  understood  that  a  grigg  was 
a  tadpole.  As  a  youth  I  used  to  fish  for  them 
both  under  this  name  and  that  of  "bull- 
heads." CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

CANDLEMAS  GILLS  (9th  S.  xii.  430).— This 
custom  was  doubtless  a  survival  of  the  once 
universal  "church-ale."  Church  ales  were 
when  the  people  went  from  afternoon  prayers 
on  Sundays  to  their  lawful  sports  and  pas- 


s.  i.  -TAX.  9,  low.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


times  in  the  churchyard,  or  in  the  neighbour- 
hood, or  to  some  neighbouring  inn,  where 
they  drank  ale  and  made  merry.  By  the 
benevolence  of  the  people  at  these  pastimes, 
many  poor  parishes  had  their  bells  cast, 
beautified  their  churches,  and  raised  stock 
for  the  poor.  Warton,  in  his  'History  of 
English  Poetry,'  says  that  the  church-ale  was 
a  feast  established  for  the  repair  of  the 
church,  or  in  honour  of  the  church  saint,  &c. 
In  Dodsworth's  MSS.  there  is  an  old  inden- 
ture, made  before  the  Reformation,  which 
not  only  shows  the  design  of  the  church-ale, 
but  explains  this  particular  use  and  applica- 
tion of  the  word  "  ale."  The  parishioners  of 
Elveston  and  Okebrook,  in  Derbyshire,  agree 
jointly 

"  to  brew  four  Ales,  and  every  Ale  of  one  quarter 
of  malt,  betwixt  this  and  the  feast  of  Saint  John 
Baptist  next  coming.  And  that  evert/  inhabitant  of 
the  said  town  of  Okebrook  sketU  be  at  the  several  Ales. 
And  every  husband  and  "his  wife  shall  pay  two- 
pence, every  cottager  one  penny,  and  all  the  in- 
habitants of  Elveston  shall  have  and  receive  all 
the  profits  and  advantages  corning  of  the  said  Ales, 
to  the  use  and  behalf  of  the  said  church  of  Elveston. 
And  the  inhabitants  of  Elveston  shall  brew  eight 
Ales  betwixt  this  and  the  feast  of  St.  John  Baptist, 
at  the  which  Ales  the  inhabitants  of  Okebrook  shall 
come  and  pay  as  before  rehersed.  And  if  he  be 
away  at  one  Ale.  to  pay  at  the  toder  Ale  for  both," 
Ac.— MSS.  Bibl.  Bodl.,  vol.  cxlviii.  fol.  97. 
See  also  the  Church  Canons  given  in  1603, 
•Can.  88  (Warton,  ed.  1870,  p.  709). 

The  churchwardens'  accounts  for  the 
-expenses  of  Pyrton  village  church,  in  Oxford- 
shire, which  date  from  1547,  show  that  the 
various  ales  or  feasts  constituted  its  chief 
•source  of  income.  See  also  'Church  Ales, 
by  E.  Peacock,  in  the  Archaeological  Journal 
of,  I  think,  either  1883  or  1886  ;  Stubbs's 
•*  Anatomie  of  Abuses,'  1585,  p.  95  ;  Introduc- 
tion to  Aubrey's  '  Nat.  Hist,  of  Wiltshire, 
.p.  32  ;  and  Brand's  'Pop.  Antiquities'  (Bohn, 
1853),  vol.  i.  p.  282. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 
161,  Hammersmith  Road. 

Has  MR.  ANDREWS  forgotten  that  a  similar 
•question  from  him  appeared  5tn  S.  i.  508,  anc 
that  a  repli',  also  from  his  pen,  was  given  al 
-5th  S-  iii-  274  ?  EVERAR.B  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

'  EDWIN  DROOD  '  CONTINUED  (9th  S.  xii.  389. 
510). — The  small  pictures  on  the  origina' 
green  covers  of  'Edwin  Drood'  must  have 
been  inspired  by  Dickens  himself,  and  some 
•of  them  clearly  .relate  to  unwritten  parts  oi 
the  story.  Any  hypothetical  conclusion  must 
fit  in  with  these  drawings.  It  has  always 
seemed  to  me  that  Mr.  Datchery — the  gentle- 
man who,  ostentatiously  canrying  bis  nat  in 


ris  hand,  makes  a  show  of  his  head  of  white 
iair,  and  quietly  interviews  the  persons  con- 
nected with  the  "  mystery  "—is  no  other  than 
Lieut.  Tartar,  the  naval  friend  of  young 
Landless,  trying,  in  disguise,  to  get  at  the 
aottom  of  it. 

Jasper  probably  used  the  knowledge  of  the 
cathedral  which  he  obtained  from  Durdles  to 
secrete  Edwin  Drood,  alive,  in  one  of  its  ob- 
scure recesses.  W.  C.  B. 

Vide  '  Watched  by  the  Dead  :  a  Loving 
Study  of  Dickens's  Half- told  Tale,'  by  Richard 
A.  Proctor,  the  well-known  author  of  many 
popular  works  on  astronomy.  It  was  pub- 
lished in  1887  by  W.  H.  Allen  <fc  Co.,  13, 
Waterloo  Place,  London. 

T.  N.  BRUSHFIELD,  M.D. 

Salterton,  Devon. 

MODERN  FORMS  OF  ANIMAL  BAITING  (9th  S. 
xii.  127).— 

"  Yet  we  are  very  gravely  assured  by  some  of  the 
reverend  missionaries,  that '  the  Chinese  are  entirely 
ignorant  of  all  games  of  chance';  that  'they  can 
enjoy  no  amusements  but  such  as  are  authorized  by 
the  laws.'  These  gentlemen  surely  could  not  be 
ignorant  that  one  of  their  most  favourite  sports  is 
cock-fighting,  and  that  this  cruel  and  unmanly 
amusement,  as  they  are  pleased  to  consider  it,  is  full 
as  eagerly  pursued  by  the  upper  classes  in  China  as, 
to  their  shame  and  disgrace  be  it  spoken,  it  con- 
tinues to  be  by  those  in  a  similar  situation  in  some 
parts  of  Europe.  The  training  of  quails  for  the 
same  cruel  purpose  of  butchering  each  other  fur- 
nishes abundance  of  employment  for  the  idle  and 
dissipated.  They  have  even  extended  their  en- 
quiries after  fighting  animals  into  the  insect  tribe, 
in  which  they  have  discovered  a  species  of  gryllus, 
or  locust,  that  will  attack  each  other  with  such 
ferocity  as  seldom  to  quit  their  hold  without  bring- 
ing away  at  the  same  time  a  limb  of  their  antagonist. 
These  little  creatures  are  fed  and  kept  apart  in 
bamboo  cages  ;  and  the  custom  of  making  them 
devour  each  other  is  so  common  that,  during  the 
summer  months,  scarcely  a  boy  is  seen  without  his 
cage  and  his  grasshoppers."— Barrow's  'Travels  in 
China,'  1804,  chap.  iv.  p.  159. 

"This  insect  [the  praying  mantis  or  soothsayer] 

is  a  very  stupid  and  voracious  creature It  devours 

without  mercy  every  living  insect  it  can  master. 
Their  propensities  are  so  pugnacious  that  they  fre- 
quently attack  one  another.  They  wield  their  fore- 
legs like  sabres,  and  cleave  one  another  down  like 
dragoons ;  and  when  one  is  dead,  the  rest  fall  on 
him  like  cannibals  and  devour  him.  This  propensity 
the  Chinese  avail  themselves  of.  They  have  not 
the  veneration  of  Europeans  for  their  imaginary 
qualities,  so  they  use  them  as  game  cocks,  and 
wagers  are  laid  on  the  best  fighter."— Dr.  Walsh 
[c.  1828-30 »]. 

"  A  ferocity  not  less  savage  exists  amongst  the 
Mantes.  These  insects  have  their  fore-legs  of  a 
construction  not  unlike  that  of  a  sabre ;  and  they 
can  as  dexterously  cleave  their  antagonist  in  two, 
or  cut  off  his  head  at  a  stroke,  as  the  most  expert 
hussar.  In  this  way  they  often  treat  each  other, 
even  the  sexes  fighting  with  the  most  savage 


38 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io»  s.  i.  JAX.  9,  ww. 


animosity.  Rosel  endeavoured  to  rear  several 
specimens  of  Maiiti-i  reliyiosa,  but  always  failed, 
the  stronger  constantly  devouring  the  weaker. 
This  ferocious  propensity  the  Chinese  children 
have,  according  to  Mr.  Barrow,  employed  as  a 
source  of  barbarous  amusement,  selling  to  their 
comrades  bamboo  cages  containing  each  a  Mantis, 
which  are  put  together  to  fight."— Kirby  and  Spence, 
'  Introduction  to  Entomology,'  seventh  edition,  1856, 
letter  ix.  p.  160. 

ADRIAN  WHEELER. 

CROWNS  IN  TOWER  OR  SPIRE  OF  CHURCH 
(9th  S.  xii.  485  ;  10th  S.  i.  17).— I  cannot  find 
any  such  place  as  Champery  in  this  county, 
and  Kelly,  usually  to  be  relied  on,  fails  to 
help  to  discovery.  Has  your  contributor 
misread  his  notes,  or  has  the  compositor 
misread  the  MS.  of  the  query1? 

FRED.  C.  FROST,  F.S.I. 

Teignmouth,  Devon. 

In  a  story  published  in  '  Good  Words,' 
1863,  it  is  stated  that  the  Swedish  Senate 
placed  a  large  gilt  copper  crown  upon  the 
spire  of  a  church  in  the  Dalecarlian  Hills,  to 
commemorate  the  fact  that  in  the  church 
there  the  curate  sheltered  and  hid  Gustavus 
Vasa  in  the  hour  of  his  danger  and  distress. 

FRANCESCA. 

LANCASHIRE  AND  CHESHIRE  WILLS  (9th  S. 
xii.  485). — There  are  very  few  Lancashire  wills 
to  be  found  of  earlier  date  than  the  middle 
of  the  sixteenth  century.  At  the  Chester 
Probate  Court  your  correspondent  will  find 
the  wills  for  Cheshire  from  1545  to  the 
present  date.  Those  for  Lancashire  south  of 
the  Kibble  are  also  there  up  to  a  quite  recent 
date.  The  wills  of  people  living  north  of 
the  Kibble  were  proved  at  Richmond,  in 
Yorkshire,  and  are  now  preserved  at  Somer- 
set House,  London,  except  those  after  1724, 
•which  are  at  Lancaster. 

A  complete  list  of  all  these  wills  has  been 
printed  by  the  Kecord  Society  of  Lancashire 
and  Cheshire,  as  also  a  list  of  '  Wills,  Inven- 
tories, Administration  Bonds,  &c.,  1487-1620,' 
which  are  deposited  at  the  Diocesan  Registry, 
Cheshire.  These  documents  have  only 
recently  been  discovered.  If  your  corre- 
spondent will  write  to  me,  I  will  give  him 
further  details.  HENRY  FISHWICK. 

The  Heights,  Rochdale. 

A  complete  index  of  the  wills  proved  at 
Chester  between  1545  and  1800  has  been 
printed  by  the  Record  Society  of  Lancashire 
and  Cheshire,  and  the  originals  may  be  con- 
sulted at  Chester  in  the  ordinary  way. 
Some  few  Lancashire  wills  prior  to  the 
foundation  of  the  Chester  bishopric  will 
probably  be  at  Lichfield,  where  the  earliest 
dated  will  is  1516.  The  index  to  these  down 


to  1652  has  been  printed    by    the    British 
Record  Society.  W.  D.  PINK. 

Lowton,  Newton-le- Willows. 

In  a  very  useful  little  book  which  I  have 
consulted  on  many  occasions,  entitled  '  How 
to  prove  a  Will,'  by  Thomas  King  (fourth 
edition,  1884),  I  find  that  the  jurisdiction  of 
the  District  Registry  at  Chester  extends 
throughout  the  county  of  Chester,  including 
the  city.  The  office  at  Lancaster  embraces 
the  county  of  Lancaster,  except  the  hundred 
of  Salford  and  West  Derby  and  the  city  of 
Manchester.  Xo  dates  are  given. 

The  Lancaster  and  Cheshire  wills  were 
edited  for  the  Chethara  Society  by  the  Rev. 
G.  J.  Piccope,  which  may  answer  your 
correspondent's  purpose. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

[MR.  ARCHIBALD  SPARKE  sends  similar  informa- 
tion.] 

ECONOMY  (9th  S.  xii.  486).— The  thought  is 
from  Juvenal,  Satire  xiv.  108-12. 

H.  A.  STRONG. 
University,  Liverpool. 

WEATHER  (9th  S.  xii.  148).— E.  P.  W.  asks, 
"  Who  was  the  cynic  who  wrote  '  When  the 
English  summer  set  in  with  its  usual 
severity  ' "  ?  See  the  postscript  of  Lamb's 
letter  to  Vincent  Novello  (cclxxvi.  in  Canon 
Ainger's  edition):  "Summer,  as  my  friend 
Coleridge  waggishly  writes,  has  set  in  with 
its  usual  severity."  The  letter,  or  rather  note, 
dated  9  May,  1826,  begins,  "You  will  not 
expect  us  to-morrow,  I  am  sure,  while  these 
damn'd  North-Easters  continue." 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

The  University,  Adelaide,  South  Australia. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

The  Letters   of  Horace    Walpole,  Fourth  Earl  of 

Oxford.     Chronologically  arranged  and  edited  by 

Mrs.  Paget  Toynbee.     16  vols.    Vols.  I.,  II.,  III., 

IV.  (1732-68).    (Oxford,  Clarendon  Press.) 

THAT  a  new  edition  of  Walpole's  letters  is  required 

has  long  been  known  to  scholars ;  that  one  was  in 

E  reparation  under  the  care  of  the  present  editor 
as  been  evident  to  the  attentive  student  of  our 
columns.  No  special  fault  or  shortcoming  was  to 
be  attributed  to  the  edition  by  Peter  Cunningham 
in  nine  volumes,  the  latest  issue  of  which  in  1891 
has  been  constantly  at  our  elbow,  and  has  proved 
useful  and,  in  the  main,  trustworthy.  The  kind  of 
editing  which  modern  days  demand  was  not,  how- 
ever, in  fashion  when  Cunningham's  task  was 
accomplished  ;  his  materials  were  far  from  com- 
plete, his  chronology  was  casual  and  inaccurate,, 
ind  the  work  of  explanation  was,  in  the  main, 
perfunctorily  discharged.  Imperfect  collections  of 


io<»s.i.jA*.9,i9G4.]          NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


39 


Walpole's  letters  were  issued  between  1798,  when 
376  of  them  first  saw  the  light,  and  1857,  when 
Cunningham's  edition — promised  in  eight  volumes, 
but  enlarged  to  nine  —  was  issued  by  Richard 
Bentley,  who  was  responsible  for  previous  collec- 
tions edited  by  Lord  Dover,  John  Wright,  R. 
Vernon  Smith,  and  the  Rev.  J.  Mitford.  Since 
1857  over  400  new  letters  have  been  recovered, 
raising  the  entire  number  now  published  to 
3,061.  Suppressed  and  obliterated  passages,  the 
history  of  some  of  which  is  curious,  have  been, 
so  far  as  is  possible,  restored,  the  chronology 
of  the  entire  series  has  been  carefully  checked, 
illustrative  notes  and  comments  have  been  added, 
and  the  edition  may  be  accepted  as  virtually  com- 
plete and  final.  Access  for  purposes  of  revision 
has  been  in  one  or  two  instances  withheld  with 
\vhat  seems  almost  like  churlishness.  In  most 
cases,  however,  constant  efforts  to  facilitate  Mrs. 
Paget  Toynbee's  task  have  been  made,  and  the  edition 
is  dedicated  to  the  Earl  and  Countess  Waldegraye, 
who  possess  at  Chewton  Priory  the  finest  collection 
of  \Yalpo1e  MSS. 

Highly  as  they  have  always  been  rated,  the  Wai- 
pole  letters  ha%re  not  even  yet  obtained  adequate 
recognition.  That  Walpole  is  the  best  English 
letter-writer  is  generally  admitted,  though  in  this 
instance,  as  in  others,  fertility  is  one  of  his  chief 
claims  to  distinction.  To  have  left  among  so  many 
brilliant  pages  not  a  single  dull  page  is,  in  itself,  no 
small  triumph.  One  still  higher  is  accomplished  in 
giving  us,  as  he  does,  the  very  best  picture  we 
possess  of  the  social  aspects  in  England  of  that 
eighteenth  century  which  we  never  weary  of  con- 
templating. In  a  way  Walpole  is  to  be  compared 
with  Pepys.  The  men  were,  of  course,  as  unlike  as 
they  can  be.  What  Pepys  did,  however,  for  a  few 
years  of  the  seventeenth  century  Walpole  did  for 
more  than  half  of  the  eighteenth — that  is,  supplied 
a  series  of  pictures  so  lifelike  and  exact  that 
from  them  we  obtain  a  view  clearer  and  more 
definite  than  can  be  gained  from  all  other  sources. 
Among  minor  points  of  resemblance  it  may  be 
indicated  that  both  had  to  wait  long  before  their 
great  work  was  set  in  an  adequate  form  before  the 
world,  and  that  in  the  case  of  each  an  unsavoury 
residuum  was  left  which  defied  the  courage  of  their 
latest  editor.  In  the  case  of  Pepys  we  have  a  fair 
idea  what  are  the  passages  Mr.  Wheatley  with- 
holds ;  in  that  of  Walpole  we  are  left  in  entire 
ignorance,  though  we  are  prepared  to  find  cynicism 
instead  of  indiscretion  the  cause  of  the  suppressions. 
We  are  not  comparing  the  works  in  value.  To 
obtain  a  couple  of  years  more  of  a  record  such  as  that 
of  Pepys  we  would  pay  gladly  the  most  exorbitant 
price  that  could  easily  be  demanded.  No  similar 
extravagance  of  joy  would  attend  the  recovery  of 
further  Tetters  of  Walpole.  Yet  all  such  would  be 
most  valuable  and  welcome.  From  Mrs.  Paget 
Toynbee's  introduction  we  learn  that  tampering 
with  the  MSS.  of  Walpole  is  not  unknown.  For 
the  circumstances  under  which  transcripts  of  the 
original  letters  were  executed  by  Walpole,  and 
for  the  manner  in  which  Walpole's  intentions  were 
thwarted  in  part  by  his  secretary  Kirgate,  who 
made  what  seem  to  be  unauthorized  copies,  we 
must  refer  the  reader  to  the  editor's  preface,  p.  xvi. 
Mrs.  Paget  Toynbee  says  at  the  same  reference : 

"  On  examining  Horace  Walpole's  transcripts 

the  surprising  discovery  was  made  that  a  very 
large  number  of  passages  have  been  suppressed  in 
the  printed  version,  although  no  indication  what- 


ever of  any  omission  was  given  by  the  original 
editors."  Many  of  these  passages,  occurring  in  the 
earlier  letters,  are  pronounced  "quite  unfit  for 
publication/'  Whatever  it  has  been  found  possible- 
to  restore  to  the  text  has  been  restored,  and  omis- 
sions from  the  text  and  the  notes  are,  it  is  stated, 
plainly  and  sufficiently  indicated.  Letters  to  Hannah 
More,  of  which  there  are  thirty-four,  have  also  been 
tampered  with  and  disfigured  by  the  cancelling  of 
passages  and  the  erasure  of  proper  names.  Worst 
of  all,  the  chaste  Hannah  inserted  in  the  text, 
apparently  in  her  own  handwriting,  words  and 
phrases  of  which  Walpole  is  guiltless.  The  best  has- 
been  done  to  remedy  these  laches,  but  the  work  of 
destruction  has  been  in  some  cases  only  too  care- 
fully carried  out. 

Until  the  work  is  further  advanced,  and  we  ar& 
in  possession  of  the  careful  analytical  index  which* 
is  to  be  a  special  feature,  it  is  impossible  to  deal 
fully  with  it.  The  scheme,  commendable  in  itself, 
is,  so  far  as  we  can  see,  finely  carried  out.  We 
know  not  what  conceivable  boon  could  be  more 
welcome  to  the  scholar.  How  zealously  the  editor 
has  worked  is  known  to  our  readers,  and  the  result 
is  proportional  to  the  labours  bestowed.  Vol.  iv. 
ends  in  1760  with  the  death  of  George  II.,  and  the 
most  interesting  portion  of  the  record,  though  nob 
perhaps  the  most  historically  important,  is  to- 
begin.  Each  volume  contains  four  illustrations, 
consisting  principally  of  photogravure  reproduc- 
tions of  Walpole  and  his  circle.  These  are  excellent 
in  themselves  and  of  undying  interest.  Nothing 
can  be  better  than  the  general  execution  of  the 
work,  which  will  be  a  grace  as  well  as  a  necessity 
to  most  shelves. 

A   Genealogical  and   Heraldic    Dictionary   of  the 
Peerage  and  Baronetage,  <L-c.     By  Sir   Bernard 
Burke.    Edited  by  Ashworth  P.  Burke.     (Har- 
•  rison  &  Sons.) 

THE  pre-eminence  of  Burke's  '  Peerage,'  never 
seriously  contested,  remains  unassailable.  Efforts 
to  impugn  its  authority  are  not  unknown,  and 
endeavours  to  establish  some  form  of  rivalry  are 
continuous.  So  far  as  they  mean  anything,  the 
former  constitute  an  attempt  to  undermine  the 
historical  basis  of  much  genealogy,  while  the  latter 
are  but  familiar  aspects  of  trade  competition.  What 
our  great  historical  families  have  to  tell  concerning 
their  own  origin  and  annals  is  communicated  to 
Burke.  The  information  thus  derived  is  subjected 
to  minute  investigation,  in  the  conduct  of  which 
the  best  and  most  trustworthy  heralds  and  genea- 
logists are  engaged,  a  list  of  those  by  whom  the 
labours  of  Mr.  Ashworth  P.  Burke  are  assisted 
embracing  the  names  of  almost  all  in  whom  public 
faith  is  placed.  The  latest  issue  now  appears, 
bringing  up  the  information  to  December,  1903- 
It  is,  of  course,  as  complete  and  trustworthy  as  the 
best  of  its  predecessors,  and  remains  praiseworthily 
full  in  regard  to  the  information  it  supplies  as  to 
precedence.  So  far  as  regards  the  peerage,  the 
year  1903  was,  for  reasons  easily  grasped,  less  event- 
ful than  its  predecessor,  the  number  of  peers  whose 
deaths  are  recorded  being  only  fourteen  as  against 
twenty-three.  Three  peerages  became  extinct,  those 
of  Pirbright,  DeVesci,and  Rowton,  all  three  recent 
and  popular  additions  to  the  Upper  House.  Lord  . 
Rowton  leaves  unfinished — and,  it  is  to  be  feared, 
all  but  unattempted  —  his  promised  life  of  Lord 
Beaconsfield,  his  former  chief,  but  will  be  long 
remembered  by  the  industrial  dwellings  that  bear 


40 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.          [io*  s.  i.  JAK.  9, 1904. 


his  name.  Among  the  new  creations  the  most  con 
spicuous  is  that  of  Lord  Burnham  of  Hall  Barn,  the 
history  of  whose  family  and  descent  is  that  prac 
tically  of  the  great  daily  newspaper  he  owns.  None 
but  the  editor,  we  are  told,  and  possibly  the  printer 
•can  realize  "how  innumerable  are  the  fresh  facts 
that  are  annually  chronicled,  and  how  many  the 
•changes  constantly  taking  place  in  family  history.' 
One  of  the  most  interesting  articles  in  the  pre- 
sent volume  is  that  on  the  Barony  of  Fauconberg 
and  Conyers,  the  abeyance  of  the  former  barony 
having  on  29  September,  1903,  been  settled  by  His 
Majesty  in  favour  of  the  Countess  of  Yarborough, 
•already  in  her  own  right  Baroness  of  Conyers.  A 
barony,  accordingly,  which  has  been  in  abeyance 
for  over  four  centuries,  now  reappears.  In  con- 
nexion with  the  Barony  of  Conyers  further  altera- 
tions have  been  made,  the  proper  style  of  the  widow 
of  the  late  Lord  Conyers  being  now  Baroness  Darcy 
•de  Knayth  and  Conyers.  The  decision  of  the 
iPoulett  peerage  in  favour  of  the  younger  claimant, 
«on  of  the  late  earl  by  his  late  wife,  which  had  been 
•anticipated,  is  recorded.  Mr.  Burke  favours  the 
•establishment  of  a  Committee  of  Privileges  to  decide 
•on  the  succession  to  baronetcies,  often  an  unsettled 
•and  unsatisfactory  matter.  Matter  in  abundance 
•of  actual  and  of  enduring  interest  is  discussed  in  a 
•work  each  new  issue  of  which  is  sure  of  a  welcome. 

BY  beginning  in  the  number  for  1904  a  review  of 
•'  Current  Continental  Literature '  the  Fortniylitly 
'returns  to  an  earlier  condition  of  affairs,  the  first 
numbers  of  the  Rtview  including  critical  notices  of 
books.  Mr.  A.  J.  Dawson,  an  authority  on  the  sub- 
ject, writes  concerning  '  The  Situation  in  Morocco.' 
His  counsel,  we  may  be  sure,  will  fall  on  deaf  ears. 
Two  separate  articles  are  devoted  to  Herbert 
.Spencer,  and  one,  by  Mr.  G.  S.  Street,  to  '  The 
Creeyey  Papers.'  '  Ibsen's  Apprenticeship,'  by  Mr. 
William  Archer,  shows  how  much  the  .Norwegian 
dramatist,  in  his  -early  work,  owes  to  Scribe,  and 
-constitutes  a  virtual  history  of  the  establishment 
•of  the  Norwegian  stage,  the  growth  of  which  is 
modern.—'  Some  Notes  as  to  London  Theatres  Past 
and  Present,'  by  Sir  Algernon  West,  which  appears 
in  the  Nineteenth  Century,  demands  consideration, 
tout  is  not  quite  trustworthy  in  dealing  with  the 
<past.  It  is  not  absolutely  exact,  for  instance,  to 
-«ay  that  up  to  the  time  of  the  Restoration  no  woman 
had  ever  appeared  on  the  stage.  Mr.  R.  B.  Marston 
(editor  of  the  tFiyhing  Gazette)  speaks  of  '  The  In- 
•crease  of  Fish-destroying  Birds  and  Seals,'  and 
seems  to  think  that  some  modification  of  recent 
legislation  as  to  the  protection  of  birds,  &c.,  is 
•necessary.  He  brings  forward  much  testimony  in 
favour  of  this  view,  which  we  are  reluctant  to 
accept.  Prof.  Herbert  A.  Giles  writes  on  '  Jade,' 
Mr.  Ernest  Rhys  on  'A  Knight  of  the  Sangreal,' 
Mr.  W.  S.  Barclay  on  '  Life  in  Tierra  del  Fuego,' 
Princess  Kropotkin  on  '  Lending  Libraries  and 
'Cheap  Books,'  and  Antonia  Zimmern  on  '  New 
Discoveries  in  Electricity.'  — The  frontispiece  to 
the  Pall  Matt  consists  of  Maurice  Greiffenhagen's 
drawing  of  'The  Murder  of  Rizzio.'  M.  Santos 
Dumont  describes  '  The  .Sensations  and  Emotions 
of  Aerial  Navigation.'  In  his  'Literary  Geogra- 
phy' Mr.  William  Sharp  describes  Haworth  and 
the  bleak  '"Bronte  Country."  In  'The  Round 
Table'  Mr.  George  Stronach  falls  upon  Mr.  Sidney 
Lee,  and  expounds  his  familiar  views  on  the  Bacon- 
Shakespeare  controversy.  —  The  Atlantic  Monthly 
-contains  a  further  instalment  of  Sir  Leslie  Stephen's 


'Editing,'  which,  as  most  recognize,  is  virtually  an 
autobiography,     it  begins  with  his  conduct  of  the 
Cornhill  Magazine,  and  passes  on  to  the  '  Dictionary 
of  National  Biography,   in  dealing  with  which  Sir 
Leslie  pays  a  handsome  tribute  to  his  associate  Mr. 
Sidney  Lee.     Subsequent   portions  describe   men 
whom  he  met — Tennyson,  Matthew  Arnold,  Ruskin, 
Browning,    Spedding,    Darwin,   Huxley,    Tyndall, 
Herbert  Spencer.     The  contribution  is  important, 
but  the  work  is  disappointing  to  admirers  of  Sir 
Leslie.   '  Books  New  and  Old  '  is  interesting,  but  the 
articles  are  of  unequal  value.     Warm  encomium  is 
in    some    instances    rather    recklessly    bestowed. 
Mr.    Kipling   and  Whistler   are    the    subjects   of 
articles. — Lady  Broome  continues,  in  the  Cornhill, 
her  'Colonial  Memories,'  Dr.  Richard  Garnett  his 
'  Alms  for  Oblivion,'  and  Mrs.  Richmond  Ritchie 
her  'Blackstick    Papers.'     Viscount   St.   Cyres  is 
appreciative,  perhaps  unduly  so,  concerning  Theo- 
dore Hook.    Sir  Algernon  West  writes  popularly 
about  '  No.  10,  Downing  Street.'   Under  the  general 
title  of  'Historical  Mysteries'  Mr.  Andrew  Lang 
begins,  with  '  The  Mystery  of  Caspar  Hauser,  the 
Child  of  Europe,'  what  will  doubtless   prove  an 
interesting  series.    Mr.  Lang  is  at  present  addicted 
to  the  study  of  mysteries,  but  does  not  claim  to  go 
far  in  the  direction  of  their  solution.  '  A  Nineteenth- 
Century  Philosopher'  is  a  piece  of  persiflage. — Mr. 
William   Miller  supplies    to    the    Gentleman's   an 
account  of  '  Athens  under  the  Franks';  Mr.  Single- 
ton   describes  superstitions   surviving   in    County 
Meath,  many  of  which  are,  in  fact,  widespread  ;  and 
the  Rev.  W.  J.  Ward  writes  on  '  Character  in  Birds.' 
— In  '  At  the  Sign  of  the  Ship,'  in  Longman's,  Mr. 
Lang  discusses  the  treatment  accorded  by  M.  G.  de 
Mortillet  to  Dr.  Schliemann's  discoveries,  and  deals 
generally  with  the  jealousies  of  antiquaries.     Other 
subjects    are    humorously   treated,    including   the 
Encyclopaedia  Britannica.' 


fjfotkes  i 

We   must   call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
"ication,  but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 
WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 
To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ng  queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
mtries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
)ut  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
leading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
ivhich  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication  "  Duplicate." 
B.  H.  G.— Reciprocated  greetings. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
,o  "The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'" — Adver- 
,isements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
isher"— at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
'..ane,  E.C. 

We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
ommunications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do  not 
print ;  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


10th  S.  I.  JAN.  9,  1904.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


THE    ATHEN-ffiUM 

JOURNAL  OF  ENGLISH  AND  FOREIGN  LITERATURE,  SCIENCE, 
THE  FINE  ARTS,  MUSIC,  AND  THE  DRAMA. 


Last  Week's  ATHEN^UM  contains  Articles  on 

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The  XUMBER  for  DECEMBER  26  contains.— 

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i.  JAN.  16, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


41 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JANUARY  16,  190ft. 


CONTENTS.-NO.  3. 

NOTES:— The  Ipswich  Apprentice  Books,  41— Burton's 
'  Anatomy  of  Melancholy,'  42—'  Address  to  Poverty  '— 
Pronunciation  of  Seoul,  43  —  Shakespearian  Allusions- 
Downing  Family  —  Bibliography  of  Epitaphs  —  '  Martin 
Chuzzlewit  '—Fraudulent  American  Diplomas,  44—"  New 
facts  regarding  Shakespeare,"  45  —  West  Haddon  Field- 
names, 46. 

QUERIES  :— Western  Rebellion,  1549,  46  — Glowworm  or 
Firefly— Tinsel  Characters— 'Oxford  University  Calendar ' 

—  Fitzhamon— Venison  in  Bummer  —  Comber  Family— 
"  Synchronize  "  :   "  Alternate  "  —  '  Aurora  Leigh  '—Duke 
of  Suffolk's  Head,  47—'  Willy  Wood  and  Greedy  Grizzle ' 

—  Robert    Giles  — West -Country   Fair  — St.  Patrick   at 
Orvieto  —  Tnckett  —  Herbert  Spencer  on  Billiards— "All 
roads  lead  to  Rome  "— Capt.  Death,  48— A.  C.  Swinburne 
—Raleigh's  Head—"  Meynes  "  and  "  Rhines,"  49. 

REPLIES  :— The  Mother  of  Ninus,  49— Immurement  Alive 
—Cardinals— Wykehamical  Word  "  Toys,"  50—"  Fiscal " 
—Dr.  Parkins  —  Shakespeare's  Geography— Glass  Manu- 
facture. 51— Morganatic  Marriage— Bmmet  and  De  Fon- 
tenay  Letters— Carson — Pamela— Tideswell  and  Tideslow, 
52  — "Papers,"  53— "Chaperoned  by  her  father"— Fic- 
titious Latin  Plurals— "O  come,  all  ye  faithful,"  54— 
"From  whence" — Baron  Wainwright  —  Rous  or  Rowse 
Family,  55 — Children's  Carols  and  Lullabies— Quotations 

—  Right   Hon.   Edward  Southwell,  56— 'Memoirs  of   a 
Stomach  '—Envelopes,  57. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— Innes's  'New  Amsterdam  and  its 
People '—Clarke's  '  Elegia  Gralana'— '  Burlington  Maga- 
zine ' — '  Scribner's  Magazine  '—Booksellers'  Catalogues. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


THE  IPSWICH  APPRENTICE  BOOKS. 

THE  finding  of  these  books  was  quite  acci- 
dental. When  I  first  went  to  the  Town  Hall 
and  asked  to  be  allowed  to  see  the  early  Appren- 
tice Books,  I  was  told,  as  others  had  been 
before  me,  that  there  were  none.  A  systematic 
search  among  the  accumulations  in  the  muni- 
ment room  might,  it  was  admitted,  lead  to 
the  discovery  of  a  few  scattered  indentures, 
but  the  results  would  never  repay  one's  time 
and  labour,  while  as  for  any  official  register 
of  enrolments,  none  had  ever  been  known  to 
exist. 

Reference  to  the  catalogues  so  obligingly 
provided  for  the  use  of  searchers  seemed  to 
put  this  view  of  the  case  beyond  question 
These  catalogues  are  two  in    number — the 
Report  of    the  Royal  Commission  on  His 
torical   Manuscripts,   1883,  Ipswich    section 
and  a  manuscript  catalogue  compiled  by  a 
competent  private  hand  in  1880.     Both  are 
evidently  the  outcome  of  much  patient  anc 
laborious  research,  and   in   neither  of  them 
is  there  any  mention  of  indentures  of  appren 
ticeship  prior  to  1700. 

In   these  circumstances  I  was  quite  pre 
pared    to    accept    the    Ipswich    Apprentic 


Sooks  as  a  myth,  when  chance  placed  the 
x>oks  themselves — or,  rather,  what  remains 
>f  them — in  my  hands. 

While  scanning  the  pages  of  the  Report  on 
listorical  MSS.  I  happened  to  observe  that 
a  certain  register  is  described  as  containing 
early  assessment  lists,  and  thinking  that 
;hese  lists  might  perhaps  include  certain 
names  in  which  I  am  interested,  1  asked  for 
;he  book. 

It  proved  to  be  a  thick,  small  folio,  bound 
n  old  parchment.  The  modern  label  on  the 
jack  reads :  "  Register  of  Deeds  and  Wills, 
45  Elizabeth  to  1651 "  ;  but  the  moment  I 
opened  the  volume  I  saw  that  the  label  was 
wrong.  The  familiar  "This  Indenture" 
caught  my  eye,  and  turning  page  after  page, 
to  the  number  of  several  hundreds,  I  found 
nearly  the  whole  book  filled  with  articles  of 
apprenticeship.  It  was,  in  fact,  one  of  the 
''  lost "  Apprentice  Books. 

One  other  similar  register  appears  on  the 
jalendar,  and  this  I  immediately  had  out. 
But  here  I  was  disappointed,  for  the  register, 
although  containing  a  score  or  two  of  inden- 
tures, is  chiefly  made  up  of  deeds  and  wills. 
This  volume  is  a  heavy,  large  quarto,  bound 
in  old  leather,  and  the  period  it  covers  is 
29  Henry  VIII.  to  3  Elizabeth. 

Between  this  register  and  the  one  purport- 
ing to  begin  45  Elizabeth  there  is  a  lament- 
able gap,  such  as,  I  fear,  no  lucky  chance  can 
ever  bridge.  Repeated  search  has  been  made 
for  the  missing  volume,  but  without  success. 
The  gap  is  not  quite  so  wide,  however,  as 
the  fallacious  label  of  the  later  volume  would 
lead  one  to  suppose,  since  the  date  of  the 
earliest  indenture  in  this  volume  is  1582. 

The  two  registers  contain  altogether  about 
421  indentures,  of  which  40  are  enrolled  in 
the  earlier  volume,  29  Henry  VIII.  to  3  Eliza- 
beth, and  381  in  the  later.  It  will  thus  be 
seen  that  the  important  period  1582  to  1651 
is  remarkably  well  represented. 

A  brief  search  among  the  old  court  rolls  of 
the  borough  brought  to  light  two  other  Eliza- 
bethan indentures.  These  are  originals, 
neatly  engrossed  on  parchment,  and  in  both 
cases  they  have  been  utilized  as  covers  for 
rolls. 

To  turn  next  to  the  indentures  themselves, 
a  careful  analysis  of  the  enrolments  discloses 
some  highly  interesting  facts.  Of  the  423 
lads  and  lasses  (for  3  are  girls)  who  of  their 
own  free  will  and  accord  bound  themselves 
apprentices  to  various  trades,  1  became  a 
chandler,  5  butchers,  14  tailors,  26  shoe- 
makers, and  50  shipwrights  ;  while  228,  or 
rather  more  than  one-half,  succumbed  to 
"the  art,  craft,  and  mystery  of  the  sea." 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [10*  s.  i.  JAK.  IB,  im. 


When  we  remember  how  heavy  was  the 
emigration  from  Ipswich  and  neighbourhood 
between  the  years  1620  and  1650,  this  fact  is 
surely  one  of  great  significance. 

The  majority  of  the  apprentices  were,  of 
course,  Suffolk  lads,  but  not  all.  While  19 
hailed  from  Essex,  and  18  from  Norfolk, 
various  other  counties  found  masters  in  the 
town,  or  out  of  the  port  of  Ipswich,  for  41  of 
their  restless  sons. 

Fifteen  out  of  the  423  were  the  sons  of 
gentlemen,  and  nearly  all  of  these  were 
apprenticed  to  the  sea. 

I  have  made  complete  abstracts  of  the 
indentures,  and  shall  be  pleased  to  answer 
any  inquiries  concerning  tnem. 

M.  B.  HUTCHINSON. 

37,  Lower  Brook  Street,  Ipswich. 


BURTON'S  '  ANATOMY  OF  MELANCHOLY.' 

(See  9th  S.  xi.  181,  222,  263,  322,  441 ;  xii.  2,  62, 
162,  301,  362,  442.) 

THE  first  six  of  the  following  notes  ought 
to  have  been  given  earlier. 

Vol.  i.  p.  13,  1.  23  ;  2,  46,  "  mihi  &  musis." 
See  Lipsius,  '  Epistolic.  Qusest.,'  lib.  iii.  ep.  6 
(to  Joseph  Scaliger) :  "  Non  est  alia  consolatio 
quam  ilia  Antigenidse,  Mihi  &  Musis."  For 
the  allusion  see  Cicero,  '  Brutus,'  50,  187. 

P.  20,1. 13  ;  6,  39,  ".scriptoresutsalutentur." 
See  Strada,  'Prolusiones  Acad.,'  lib.  iii. 
prelect,  i.  (p.  335  in  Lyons  ed.,  1627): 
"  Exeditque  multos  mala  hsec  scabies,  Poetse 
ut  vulgo  salutentur  "  ;  and  cf .  Hor.,  '  A.  P.,' 

87. 

P.  20,  n.  10 ;  6,  n.  x,  "  Exercit.  288."  This 
reference  to  J.  C.  Scaliger  is  left  uncorrected 
by  Shilleto.  It  should  be  228,  3. 

P.  22,  n.  9  ;  8,  n.  d,  "  Fam.  Strada,  Momo." 
See  his  '  Prolus.  Acad.,'  iii.  1  (p.  335  of  ed. 
cited).  The  absurd  "  volitando  "  is  left  by 
Shilleto.  It  should,  of  course  be  volutando. 
Strada's  words  "oculi — dolent"  are  an 
adaptation  of  Plaut.,  'Men.,'  882,  a  line  which 
was  used  by  Ausonius  (303,  1). 

P.  22,  n.  13;  8,  n.  f,  "In  epitaph.  Nep.," 
&c.  The  passage  of  Jerome  is  from  Epist.  60, 
§  10  ;  vol.  xxii.  col.  595  of  Migne's  '  Patr. 
Lat.' 

P.  31,  n.  7  ;  13,  n.  q,  "  Non  hie  colonus," 
&c.  To  this  apparently  belongs  Burton's 
immediately  preceding  note  :  "  Pet.  Nannius 
not.  in  Hor."  See  Pet.  Nannius,  '  Miscel- 
lanea,' lib.  iv.  c.  26  ;  vol.  i.  p.  1289  of  Gruter's 
'Thesaurus  Criticus':  "Ego  in  Horatianis 
non  tanquam  colonus  domicilium  habeo,  sed 
topiarii  in  morem  inter  progrediendum  hinc 
inde  florem  vellico."  I  was  unable  to  consult 
the  '  Thes.  Crit.'  when  writing  my  last  paper. 


P.  38,  1.  17,  and  n.  3  ;  17,  n.  s,   "  Agrippa 

de  occ.  Phil Pnef.  Lectori."    See  sign,  x  2 

verso  of  Cornelius  Agrippa's  '  Opera '  (Pt.  I.), 
Lyons  (per  Beringos  fratres,  s.a.).  If  Shilleto 
saw  the  original  passage  his  translation 
should  have  been  impossible. 

P.  38,  1.  25 1 ;  17,  35,  "S.  Hierom  out  of  a 
strong  imagination,"  &c.  Ep.  22 ;  Migne, 
'  Patr.  Lat.,'  vol.  xxii.  col.  398. 

P.  38, 1.  31 ;  17,  41,  "cavea  stultorum."  Cf. 
Paling.,  'Zod.  Vit.,'  iii.  44:  "mundus  stul- 
torum cavea." 

P.  40,  1.  14  ;  18,  38,  "  Laughter  itself  is 
madness  according  to  Solomon."  Ecclesiastes 
ii.  2. 

P.  41,  1.  9;  19,  18,  "Which  Democritus 
well  signified  in  an  Epistle  of  his  to  Hippo- 
crates." Hipp.,  Ep.  18,  1. 

P.  42,  n.  8  ;  20,  n.  *  "  Lib.  25.  Platonis 
Convivio."  Symp.  221,  c,  D.  This  dialogue  is 
twenty-fifth  in  the  order  of  the  Lyons  ed. 
of  1590. 

P.  43,  n.  4 ;  20,  n.  q,  "naturae  miraculum" 
[D.  Heinsius,  *  Orat.  in  los.  Scaligeri  Funere/ 
p.  51  in  his  'Orat.,'  ed.  nov.,  1642];  "ipsa 
eruditio"  [Heins.,  op.  cit.,  p.  46,  "qui  ubique 
nomen  Scaligeri  famamque,  non  ut  eruditi 
hominis,  sed  ut  eruditionis  usurpare  solent"]; 
"sol  scientiarum,  mare"  [ib.,  p.  51,  "scien- 

tiarum  mare doctorumSolem"] ;  "antistes 

literarum  et  sapientise "  [cf.  the  title  of 
Aubertus  Mineus's  'Vita  lusti  Lipsi  Sapientise- 
et  Litterarum  Antistitis '] ;  "Aquila  in  nubi- 
bus  "  [Lips.,  Epist.,  Cent.  i.  misc.  ep.  6,  to  Jos. 
Seal.,  "Aquila  in  nubibus,  quod  Grseci  dicunt, 
vere  tu  es"];  "columen  literarum"  [Lips., 
Ep.,  Cent.  ii.  misc.  31] ;  :<  abyssus  eruditionis" 
[Heins.,  op.  cit.,  51] ;  "  ocellus  Europse,  Scali- 
ger" [Lips.,  Epist.,  Qusest,  i.  8,  to  Jos.  Seal., 
"  ocelle  Europse  Scaliger  "]. 

P.  43, 1.  13  ;  20,  28,  "  dictators."  Heins.,  op. 
cit.,  51,  "  alii  perpetuum  literarum  Dictatorem 

vocare." 

P.  43,  1.  17;  20,  31,  "Atlas"  [Lips.,  Ep., 
Cent.  i.  misc.  6] ;  "portentum  hominis"  [see 
Heins.,  op.  cit.,  50] ;  "  orbis  universi  musseum" 
[Heins.,  op.  cit.,  59,  of  Scaliger's  house] ; 
"  ultimus  humanse  naturae  conatus "  [see 
Heins.,  op.  cit.,  51]. 
P.  43, 1.  19  ;  20,  33, 

— merito  cui  doctior  orbis 
Submissis  defert  fascibus  imperium, 

is  taken  from  Lips.,  Ep.,  Cent.  i.  misc.  21, 
where  it  is  applied  to  J.  J.  Scaliger. 

P.  44, 1.  11 ;  21,  6, "  scurra  Atticus,  as  Zeno." 
Cic., 'N.  D.,'i.  34,  93. 

P.  44,  1.  14  ;  21,  8,  "  Theod[oretus]  Cyren- 
sis."  Grsec.  Affect.  Curat.,  serm.  xii. ;  Migne's 
'Patr.  Grsec.,'  vol.  Ixxxiii.  col.  1140,  1141. 

P.   45,  n.  4;   21,  n.  b,  "Cor  Zenodoti  et 


.  i.  JAK.  16, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


43 


jecur  Cratetis."  Last  line  of  an  epigram 
of  M.  Furius  Bibaculus  on  P.  Valerius  Cato, 
given  by  Suetonius,  '  De  Grammaticis,'  xi. 

P.  45,  1.  21;  21,  44,  "Quis  est  sapiens? 
Solus  Deus,  Pythagoras  replies."  Diog. 
Laert., 'Procem.,'8, 12. 

P.  45, 1.  23 ;  21,  45,  "only  good,  as  Austine 
well  contends."  '  De  Nat.  Bon.  contr. 
Manich.,'  39;  vol.  xlii.  col.  563  in  Migne's 
'Patr.  Lat.'  The  reference  "Lib.  de  Nat. 
Boni"  is  wrongly  attached  in  Burton,  and 
left  by  Shilleto. 

P.  46, 1.  5  ;  22,  11,  "asini  bipedes."  Paling., 
'Zod.  Vit,'  ix.  586  and  xii.  354. 

P.  46,  1.  19  ;  22,  23,  "as  Lactantius  proves 
out  of  Seneca,"  Lact.,  'Inst.,'  ii.  4,  14 ;  Sen., 
'Fr.,'121  (Haase). 

P.  48,  29;  23,  37,  "Hippocrates,  in  his 
Epistle  to  Damagetus."  Ep.  17. 

P.  53,  n.  6  ;  27,  n.  x,  "  E.  Gnec.  epig."  '  Anth. 
P.,'  ix.  148,  3-4. 

P.  53,  n.  7  ;  27,  n.  y,  "  Eras.  Moria."  P.  39, 
ed.  1851 ;  a  quarter  through  the  '  Enc.  Mor.' 

P.  55,  n.  6  ;  28,  n.  *.  The  reference  to 
Josephus  should  be  lib.  v.  c.  9  (69,  70).  The 
Latin  version  is  that  by  Rufinus  of  Aquileia. 
See  vol.  i.  of  Cardwell's  ed.  of  the  "  De  Bell. 
Jud.'  (Ox.,  1837). 

P.  56,  n.  7  ;  28,  n.  h,  Seneca.  'Fr.,'  34,  ap. 
Augustin.,  'De  Civ.  Dei,'  vi.  10. 

P.  59,1.  6  ;  30,  12,  "ignoto  cselum  clangore 
remugit."  Mart.  Capella,  v.  425, 1.  2. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 

The  University,  Adelaide,  South  Australia. 
(To  be  continued.) 


'ADDRESS    TO    POVERTY': 

BY  CHARLES  LAMB? 
A  LETTER  of  Mr.  R,  A.  Potts  in  the  Athenaeum 
of  3  October,  1903,  induces  me  tohope  that  that 
gentleman  may  be  able  to  afford  a  clue  to  the 
authorship  of  some  lines  which  were  pub- 
lished under  the  above  title  in  '  The  Poetical 
Register,  and  Repository  of  Fugitive  Poetry, 
for  1806-7,'  London,  1811,  vol.  vi.  p.  264.  The 
lines  were  signed  with  the. initial  L.,  and  dated 
1  February,  1796.  As  they  were  printed  in 
the  section  of  'Fugitive  Poetry,'  they  had 
presumably  been  published  earlier  in  some 
other  form.  By  a  letter  from  the  editor, 
R.  A.  Davenport,  addressed  to  Miss  Mitford 
under  date  17  January,  1811,  and  printed  in 
the  Rev.  A.  G.  L'Estrange's  book,  'The 
Friendships  of  Mary  Russell  Mitford,'  i.  56, 
it  would  appear  that  the  authorship  of  the 
lines  lay  between  Charles  Lamb  and  Charles 
Lloyd.  Though  Coleridge  or  Lamb  might 
reasonably  invoke  the  muse  of  poverty,  there 
seems  no  ground  for  Lloyd,  who  was  the  son 


of  a  banker  in  easy  circumstances,  to  do  so, 
nor  do  I  think  that  in  the  second  month  of 
1796  he  had  come  sufficiently  under  the 
influence  of  Coleridge  to  write  poetry  of  this 
pessimistic  cast.  At  the  date  at  which  the 
fines  were  written,  Lamb  was  just  emerging; 
from  the  asylum  at  Hoxton,  in  which  he  had 
been  confined  during  the  winter  of  1795-6, 
and  his  mind  was  attuned  to  the  gloomy 
atmosphere  in  which  the  poem  is  enveloped!. 
I  will  venture  to  subjoin  a  transcript  of  the- 
lines  as  a  pendant  to  the  sonnet  under  a 
similar  title  which  is  conjecturally  attributed 
to  Coleridge  by  Mr.  Potts  : — 

ADDRESS  TO  POVERTY. 

'Tia  not  that  look  of  anguish,  bath'd  in  tears, 

O,  Poverty  !  thy  haggard  visage  wears — 

'Tis  not  those  famish' d  limbs,  naked,  and  bare 

To  the  bleak  tempest's  rains,  or  the  keen  air 

Of  winter's  piercing  winds,  nor  that  sad  eye 

Imploring  the  small  boon  of  charity — 

'Tis  not  that  voice,  whose  agonizing  tale 

Might  turn  the  purple  cheek  of  grandeur  pale  ; 

Nor  all  the  host  of  woes  thou  bring'st  with  thee,. 

Insult,  contempt,  disdain,  and  contumely, 

That  bid  me  call  the  fate  of  those  forlorn, 

Who  'neath  thy  rude  oppression  sigh  and  mourn  r 

But  chief,  relentless  pow'r  !  thy  hard  control, 

Which  to  the  earth  bends  low  th'  aspiring  soul ; 

Thine  iron  grasp,  thy  fetters  drear,  which  bind 

Each  gen'rous  effort  of  the  struggling  mind  !— 

Alas  !  that  Genius,  melancholy  flow'r, 

Scarce  opening  yet  to  Even's  nurturing  show'r, 

Shpu'd  by  thy  pitiless  and  cruel  doom, 

Wither,  ere  nature  smiles  upon  her  bloom  ; 

That  Innocence,  touch'd  by  thy  dead'ning  wand, 

Shou'd  pine,  nor  know  one  outstretch  a  guardian' 

hand  ! 

For  this,  0  Poverty  !  for  them  I  sigh, 
The  helpless  victims  of  thy  tyranny  ! 
For  this,  I  call  the  lot  of  those  severe, 
Who  wander  'mid  thy  haunts,  and  pine  unheeded 

there !  L. 

Feb.  1,  1796. 

It  is  hardly  outside  the  range  of  possibility 
that  Coleridge  and  Lamb  may  both  have  set 
themselves,  in  friendly  competition,  to  write 
verses  on  a  subject  which  at  a  certain  period 
of  their  lives  possessed  in  each  case  some  ele- 
ments of  personal  interest. 

W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 


SEOUL  :  ITS  PRONUNCIATION.  —  Standard 
works  on  Corea  leave  us  in  doubt  as  to  the 
spelling  and  pronunciation  of  this  name. 
Dr.  Griffis,  in  his  '  Corea,'  1882,  p.  188,  writes 
as  follows  : — 

"  The  common  term  applied  to  the  royal  city  is 

Seoul,  which  means  the  capital Seoul  is  properly 

a  common  noun,  but  by  popular  use  has  become  a 
proper  name,  which,  in  English,  may  be  correctly- 
written  with  a  capital  initial.  According  to  the 
locality  whence  they  come,  the  natives  pronounce 
the  name  Say'-ool,  fchay'-ool,  or  Say'-oor. 

Inability  to  distinguish  between  s  and  sk,  or 


44 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  L  JAN.  w,  wo*. 


I  and  r,  is  a  feature  of  both  the  Corean  and 
Japanese  languages.  On  the  other  hand, 
Capt.  Cavendish  (1894)  always  writes  Soul, 
and  says  it  is  "pronounced  Sowl  by 
foreigners,  but  So-ul  by  the  natives."  It 
seems  admitted  that  the  word  is  of  two 
syllables,  stressed  on  the  first,  and  that  the 
second  syllable  rimes  with  English  "pool." 
The  difference  of  opinion  refers  only  to  the 
first  syllable,  which  some  observers  hear  as 
English  "say,"  others  as  English  ^so."  The 
Germans  accordingly  represent  it  by  the 
intermediate  so  (Soul)  or  sjo.  It  is  charac- 
teristic of  the  confusion  which  prevails  that 
Oppert,  in  his  book  'A  Forbidden  Land,' 
1880,  gives  Saoul  (sic)  as  the  name  of  the  city, 
but  sjo-ur  in  his  vocabulary  as  the  word  for 
capital.  JAMES  PLATT,  Jun. 

SHAKESPEARIAN  ALLUSIONS.  (See  ante, 
p.  6.)  —  The  following  are  perhaps  worth 
adding : — 

"  Truly  intending  what  the  Trag.  Q.  but  fainedly 
spoke, 

In  second  husband  let  mee  bee  accurst ; 
None  weds  the  second  but  who  kils  the  first : 
A  second  time  I  kill  my  husband  dead, 
When  second  husband  kisses  mee  in  bed." 

'  The  Philosopher's  Banquet,'  3rd  edit., 
1633,  p.  172. 

Printed  also  in  the  second  edition  of  this 
book,  1614,  p.  150. 

"  And  the  longer  our  life  is,  the  more  numerous 
are  our  sinnes,  even  whole  miriades:  and  at  last 
conies  death,  and  with  a  little  pin  bores  through 
our  wall  of  health,  so  farewell  man." — Ibid.,  p.  253. 

"  This  goodly  frame  of  the  world "  (ibid., 
p.  321)  is  perhaps  reminiscent  of  Hamlet. 

"The  frighted  judgment  of  his  brain,  that  then 
was  ray'd  with  his  own  hair,  standing  stiffe  an  end, 
like  ported  feathers  of  some  Porcupine." — '  Herba 
Parietis,'  Thomas  Bayly,  1650,  p.  51. 

"/  thought he  had  been  able  to  have  pluckt 

bright  Honour  from  the  pale-fac'd  Moone." — Ibid., 
p.  124. 

There  sits  Ben  Johnson  like  a  Tetrarch, 
With  Chaucer,  Carew,  Shakespear,  Petrarch. 
'  Maronides,  a  New  Paraphrase  upon  the 
Sixth  Book  of  Virgil's  JEneids,'  John 
Phillips,  1673,  p.  108. 
All  in  lac'd  Coats  of  Scarlet  Chamlet ; 
And  with  them,  Prince  of  Denmark  Hamlet. 

Ibid.,  p.  109. 

This  Engine  curst  Sycorax  her  self  could  subdue, 
And  they  did  a  Viceroy  out  of  Trincalo  hew. 
"  See  the  famous  '  History  of  the  Tempest,  or  the 
Inchanted    Island,'    where    this    is     explained." — 
'  Maggots,'  Samuel  Wesley,  1685,  pp.  116,  118. 
When  lofty  Passions  thunder  from  your  Pen, 
Methinks  I  hear  great  Shakespear  once  again. 
'To  Madam   Jane  Barker,  on  her  Incom- 
parable Poems.'  "Philaster,"  'Poetical 
Recreations,'  1688,  A.  6. 

G.  THORN-DRURY. 


DOWNING  FAMILY. — The  following  entry  is 
to  be  found  in  one  of  the  registers  of  Spex- 
hall,  Suffolk  :— 

"A.  U.  Fullerton,  Esq.,  27,  Chapel  Street,  Park 
Lane,  W.,  writes  to  me  December  1,  1870,  thus,  in 
reference  to  the  family  of  Downing,  whose  name  so 
early  and  frequently  occurs  in  this  Register  Book  : 
'  I  have  a  pedigree  of  the  family  from  the  Conquest 
downwards.'  " 

As  the  author  of  the  '  History  of  Downing 
College,'  I  have  in  vain  tried  to  find  out  any- 
thing about  Mr.  Fullerton. 

H.  W.  P.  STEVENS,  LL.D. 
Tadlow  Vicarage,  Royston,  Herts. 

EPITAPHS  :  THEIR  BIBLIOGRAPHY. — Notices 
of  works  on  epitaphs  have  appeared  in  3rd  S. 
iii.  287,  356,  and  v.  191,  but  they  do  not  in- 
clude various  books  also  existing  on  the 
subject,  e.g.,  "A  Collection  of  Epitaphs  and 
Monumental  Inscriptions,  by  Silvester  Tis- 
sington"  (London,  1857),  517  pp.,  the  most 
comprehensive  I  know.  It  would  be  very 
useful  if  a  list  of  works  were  available  up  to 
date,  as  several  have  been  published  in  recent 
years.  W.  B.  H. 

DlCKENSIANA  :     '  MARTIN    CHUZZLEWIT.' — I 

have  recently  noticed  a  slip  in  '  Martin  Chuz- 
zlewit,'  which — so  far  as  I  am  aware — has 
not  been  pointed  out  by  any  correspondent 
in  '  N.  &  Q.' 

Pecksniff  is  in  the  vestry  of  the  village 
church.  He  had  just  overheard  a  conversa- 
tion between  Tom  Pinch  and  Mary  Graham 
while  he  was  resting  in  the  churchwardens' 
pew  after  a  long  stroll  on  a  warm  summer 
afternoon  ;  and  he  had  intended  to  slip  out 
by  a  window  in  the  vestry,  because  Tom 
Pinch  had  locked  the  door  of  the  church  on 
leaving  it  with  Mary: — 

"He  was  in  a  curious  frame  of  mind,  Mr.  Peck- 
sniff: being  in  no  hurry  to  go,  but  rather  inclining 
to  a  dilatory  trifling  with  the  time,  which  prompted 
him  to  open  the  vestry  cupboard,  and  look  at  him- 
self in  the  parson's  little  glass  that  hung  within  the 

door He  also  took  the  liberty  of  opening  another 

cupboard ;  but  he  shut  it  up  again  quickly,  being 
rather  startled  by  the  sight  of  a  black  and  a  white. 
•<iurplice  dangling  against  the  wall,  which  had  very 
much  the  appearance  6f  two  curates  yvho  had  com- 
mitted suicide  by  hanging  themselves.'' — Chap.  xxxi. 
vol.  ii.  p.  96,  Gadshill  Edition. 

Dickens  evidently  intended  to  say  a  gown 
and  a  surplice.  An  academical  gown,  of 
course,  is  black  ;  a  surplice  is  invariably  white. 
FREDERICK  B.  FIRMAN,  M.A. 

Castleacre,  Swaffham,  Norfolk. 

FRAUDULENT  AMERICAN  DIPLOMAS  AND 
DEGREES.  (See  references  quoted  at  9tb  S. 
xii.  101.)— A  certain  matron  is  reported  in 
the  Aberdeen  Free  Press,  29  April,  1903,  to 


10*  s.  i.  .TAX.  16,  law.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


45 


have  had  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Laws  conferred  on  her  by  the  Barrett 
College,  North  Carolina,  but,  shame  to  say, 
both  college  and  degree  are  fictitious.  This 
is  a  timely  illustration  of  my  article  in  the 
last  volume.  There  is  no  institution  of  this 
name  in  North  Carolina,  but  there  is  one 
suggestively  similar  in  sound,  "  Barrett 
Collegiate  and  Industrial  Institute,"  at  Pee 
Dee,  N.C.,  under  the  charge  of  its  founder, 
the  Rev.  A.  M.  Barrett,  D.D.,  LL.D.  The 
Institute  has  a  useful  place  for  its  purpose  as 
a  school  for  negroes  (Report  of  the  Commis- 
sioner of  Education,  1901,  pp.  2318,  2328),  or, 
as  said  in  its  charter  of  12  March,  1895,  "  for 
the  education  and  industrial  training  of 
colored  people,"  with  "all  the  corporate 
powers,  rights,  and  immunities  of  trustees  of 
similar  colleges  in  North  Carolina,"  including 
the  "  power  to  confer  all  such  degrees  as  are 
usually  conferred  in  colleges  or  universities  " 
(see  Curriculum  of  the  Barrett  Collegiate  and 
Industrial  Institute,  Pee  Dee,  North  Caro- 
lina). As  to  the  conferring  of  degrees  in 
Europe,  Dr.  Barrett  writes  (19  August,  1903) : 

"  We  have  a  Board  of  Directors  in  that  country, 
and  we  are  governed  by  them.  We  dp  not  sell  any 
degree  whatever.  If  a  gentleman  wish  to  aid  us, 
we  thank  him,  and  as  there  has  been  so  much  said 
through  the  papers  about  the  college  in  Tenn.,  we 
shall  be  very  careful,  as  we  have  already  been." 

The  source  of  the  lady's  LL.D.  degree  is 
obvious,  and  so  is  its  value ;  so  is  also  the 
difficulty  of  providing  against  all  abuses  of 
the  degree-conferring  power.  There  appears 
to  be  no  limit  to  the  power  of  this  Institute, 
and  an  M.D.  or  D.D.  is  as  easily  conferred  as 
the  LL.D.  The  coloured  gentleman  at  the 
head  of  the  Institute  is  probably  expressing 
truly  his  own  feeling  :  "  We  are  struggling 
to  educate  the  race,  and  we  are  compelled  to 
push  if  we  are  to  make  it."  If  we  read 
between  the  lines  we  can  realize  the  whole 
situation  ;  but  there  is  no  excuse  for  the 
State's  granting  any  such  unlimited  power, 
or  for  the  powers  being  exercised  in  Scotland, 
or  for  any  one's  accepting  an  unknown  degree 
from  abroad. 

As  I  write,  the  following  satisfactory  note 
comes  in  from  the  Commissioner  of  Educa- 
tion, dated  9  September,  1903  :— 

"  The  name  of  Barrett  College  in  North  Carolina 
does  not  appear  on  any  of  the  lists  of  educational 
institutions  published  by  this  office,  and  I  have  no 
information  concerning  it.  The  Barrett  Collegiate 
and  Industrial  Institute  at  Pee  Dee,  North  Caro- 
lina, is  an  institution  for  the  education  of  colored 
persons.  All  of  its  teachers  are  of  the  colored 
race,  and  it  does  not  have  any  students  in  college 
classes.  According  to  the  catalogue,  it  claims  to 
have  been  incorporated  in  November  17,  1891,  by 
the  Superior  Court  of  North  Carolina.  It  is  pos- 


sible that  the  right  to  grant  degrees  was  conferred 
by  the  charter,  but  the  institution  is  classed  as  a 
secondary  school." 

JAMES  GAMMACK,  LL.D. 
West  Hartford,  Conn.,  U.S. 

"  NEW  FACTS  REGARDING  SHAKESPEARE." — 

Some  time  ago,  in  an  editorial  note  appended 
to  a  letter  in  'N.  &  Q.,'  you  stated  that  you 
wanted  some  "new  facts  regarding  Shake- 
speare," not  "new  theories  about  what  he  may 
or  may  not  have  written." 

"New  facts"  about  Shakespeare  are  so 
rare— since  the  appearance  of  Mr.  Sidney 
Lee's  standard  '  Life  '—that  I  have  had  great 
difficulty  in  landing  a  fish  that  will  be  con- 
sidered fresh  enough  for  the  taste  of  your 
readers,  but  I  think  I  have  hooked  a  likely 
one  in  '  Shakespeare's  Life '  as  written  by 
Mr.  A.  H.  Wall,  for  some  time  "  Librarian  of 
the  Shakespeare  Memorial"  at  Stratford — 
'A  New  Biography  of  the  Poet,  deduced  from 
Facts  as  Fire  is  from  Smoke  and  Flame  from 
Sparks,'  as  the  title  informs  us. 

Mr.  Wall  took  to  task  Aubrey  for  relating 
"new  facts"  which  came  within  his  ken, 
although  "  the  old  gossip  "  had  declared  they 
were  "  things  which,  for  want  of  intelligence, 
being  antiquated,  have  become  top  obscure 
and  dark."  Mr.  Wall  was  specially  indignant 
with  Aubrey  for  venturing  to  state  : — 

"  His  [Shakespeare's]  father  was  a  butcher,  and  I 
have  been  told  heretofore  by  some  of  his  neighbours 
that  when  he  was  a  boy  he  exercised  his  fathers 
trade  ;  but  when  he  killed  a  calf,  he  would  do  it  in 
high  style  and  make  a  speech." 
This  was  similar  to  what  Mr.  Gladstone  did 
at  Dalmeny,  when  he  was  cutting  down  a 
tree  in  Lord  Rosebery's  domains.  But  Mr. 
Wall  calls  Aubrey's  statement  a  "fallacy," 
and  for  "true  biography"  substitutes  the 
following  : — 

"  In  fancy  we  can  see  him,  while  horns  rouse 
workers  and  the  cocks  are  crowing,  stripped  to  the 
waist  and  having  a  good  wash  in  the  pump  in  his 
father's  back  yard.  Anon  he  presents  himself  to 
his  mother  ready  for  school,  and  when  she  has  seen 
that  her  darling's  hair  is  well  brushed,  his  gown 
clean,  his  flat  cap  free  from  dust,  and  his  white 
collar  neatly  tied,  she  gives  him  a  kiss  and  a  hug, 
which  he  returns  with  greater  heartiness,  and  then 
away  he  runs,  having  a  nod  and  good-night  for  the 
tired  watchman  as  he  goes  out,  and  for  the  coming 
workpeople  many  good-mornings.  And  they  all 
had  a  pleasant  smile  for  cheery  little  Will." 

As  1  have  been  unable  to  find  these  "  new- 
facts  "  in  the  life  of  Shakespeare  recorded  by 
Mr.  Sidney  Lee,  I  send  them  to  you  in  the 
hope  that  they  may  be  considered  worthy 
of  more  extended  publicity  than  they  have 
hitherto  received. 

Some  time  ago  Mr.  Asquith  stated  that  the 
work  of  a  Shakespeare  biographer  "is  not 


46 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        cio*  s.  i.  JAN.  IG,  1901. 


so  much  an  essay  in  biography  as  in  the 
more  or  less  scientific  use  of  the  biographic 
imagination."  Mr.  Asquith  has  hit  the  nail 
on  the  head.  GEOEGE  STRONACH. 

FIELD-NAMES,  WEST  HADDON,  co.  NORTH- 
AMPTON.— Having  been  at  work  for  some 
time  past  on  the  field-names  of  this  village,  I 
venture  to  send  to  '  N.  &  Q.'  a  list  of  all  but 
the  more  common  designations.  I  know  there 
are  many  readers  interested  in  this  subject, 
and  possibly  they  may  be  able  to  suggest 
meanings  for  some  of  the  words.  Where 
local  corruptions  occur  I  have  placed  them 
in  parentheses  after  the  names. 

Hollow  Long  ("Ail-along"). 
Rodhill. 
Catchell. 
Neu  Moor. 
Cuckoo  Thorn. 
Duddemore  Hill. 

Riot  Hill.    (It  is  said  that  a  fight  between  rival 
gleaners  once  took  place  in  this  field.) 
Rugby  Gap. 
Hawk's  Well. 
Lane  Hills. 
Huckaback. 
Stonepit. 
Long  Furlong. 
Peasborough  Hill. 
Dungill  (g  soft). 
Lunches. 
California. 
Shoe  Acres. 
Clay  Pits. 
Peck  Meadow. 
Lord's  Piece. 
Tenterleys. 
King  William. 
Fly  Thorne  Close. 
Buttit. 
Wignel. 
Coppy  Moor. 
Nether  Ground. 
Hollow  Moor  Head. 
Marl  Pits. 
Toot  Hill. 
Hedge  Irons. 
Broad  Hill. 

Birch  Leys  ("By-Slays "). 
Forty  Leys. 
Grizdell's  Close. 
Elder  Stubbs. 

Top  and  Bottom  Moor  Farlands. 
Brown's  Tongue. 
Rodmore. 
Narrow  Well. 
Bretch. 
Cockle  Close. 
Pykes. 
Shallons. 

Upwards  ("  Uppards"). 
Rye  Hills. 
Stainsborough. 
Near  and  Far  Acre  Dykes. 
Flexter's. 

Penn  Meadow  or  Poor  Man's  Close. 
Hollow  Close  or  Hell  Hole. 
Burnham's  Pen. 


Mixhill. 

Stony  Holms. 

Lower  and  Upper  Punch  Bowl. 

Mallow  Field. 

Taverner's  Close  and  Meadow. 

Black  Hill  Meadow. 

Top  and  Bottom  Jonathan. 

Sedge  Hollow  ("Sag  Holler  "). 

Bosworth's  ("  Bosuths  "). 

Presty. 

Wheatborough. 

Wad  Close. 

Great  Castles. 

Little  Castles  or  Rush  Hill. 

Crump  or  Crumb  Dyke. 

Bush  Hill. 

Oakcutts. 

Hunger  Wells. 

Brakehill. 

Marker's  Home. 

Old  Leys. 

Slade  Acres. 

Felder  Long  and  Hill. 

Capshill  Pit. 

Great  Close. 

Thorn  Tree  Close. 

Lime  Pit  Close. 

Fox  Hill  Close. 

Crogborough. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 
West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 


<®  um.es, 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  maybe  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

WESTERN  REBELLION  OF  1549. — lam  engaged 
in  writing  an  account  of  the  risings  in  Devon 
and  Cornwall  against  the  introduction  of 
King  Edward  VI.'s  Prayer  Book,  commonly 
called  the  Western  Rebellion  of  1549.  In 
the  Camden  Society  publication,  'Troubles 
connected  with  the  Prayer  Book,  <fcc.,'  are  a 
number  of  letters  from  the  Privy  Council  to 
Lord  Russell,  Lord  Privy  Seal,  afterwards 
the  first  Earl  of  Bedford,  in  which  references 
are  made  to  his  letters  to  the  Privy  Council, 
describing  the  course  of  events  in  the  West. 
So  far  I  have  been  able  to  trace  only  one 
of  these,  a  copy  having  been  sent  to  Sir 
Philip  Hoby,  then  in  Brussels ;  this  is 
preserved  among  the  Add.  MSS.  in  the 
British  Museum.  So  far  as  can  be  gathered, 
the  missing  letters  of  Lord  Russell  (excepting 
the  above)  bear  date  12,  18,  22,  25  July, 
7,  11,  19  August,  and  7  September.  There 
was  also  one  of  22  September,  addressed  to 
the  Duke  of  Somerset.  I  should  be  glad  to 
obtain  any  information  likely  to  lead  to  the 
discovery  of  these  letters ;  I  have  searched 
the  MSS.  at  the  British  Museum  and  at  the 


io*  s.  i.  JA.V.  16, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Record  Office,  and  have  made  inquiries  at  the 
Office  of  the  Privy  Council.  Any  references 
to  unpublished  documents,  however  brief,  re- 
lating to  this  rebellion  would  be  of  interest 
to  me.  (Mrs.)  F.  ROSE-TROUP. 

Beaumont  House,  Ottery  St.  Mary. 

GLOWWORM  OR  FIREFLY. — Can  any  reader 
inform  me  what  modern  poetry  has  been 
written  on  the  firefly  or  glowworm?  Or  has 
the  subject  been  almost  as  neglected  in  our 
day  as  in  classical  times  ?  F.  G. 

[Mrs.  Opie  wrote  some  sentimental  lines  in  the 
"  Anna  Matilda"  vein  addressed  to  the  glowworm, 
beginning,   "Gem  of   the   lone    and  silent   vale." 
Montgomery  (?  James)  has  a  poem  to  the  same, 
beginning,  "  When  Evening  closes  Nature's  eye." 
A  poem  in  '  Time's  Telescope,'  1830,  opens  : — 
Little  being  of  a  day, 
Glowing  in  thy  cell  alone. 

Barry  Cornwall  has  a  poem   to   the  firefly ;  and 
Heber,  '  Tour  through  Ceylon,'  writes : — 
Before,  beside  us,  and  above 
The  firefly  lights  his  lamp  of  love. 
We  do  not  know  if  you  will  consider  "modern" 
these  effusions  of  the  early  nineteenth  century.  ] 

TINSEL  CHARACTERS. — Can  any  reader  put 
me  in  communication  with  collectors  of 
tinsel  characters  ]  I  have  a  very  nice  collec- 
tion of  such  in  folio  volumes,  and  should  be 
pleased  to  exchange  notes  or  show  the  same 
to  any  one  interested.  J.  KING. 

304,  Essex  Road,  Islington,  N. 

'OXFORD  UNIVERSITY  CALENDAR.'— I  have 
one  dated  1845,  which  I  would  not  part  with 
for  many  reasons ;  one  is  that  it  contains 
lists  of  heads  and  colleges  from  the  founda- 
tions thereof.  Modern  calendars  do  not  con- 
tinue these  valuable  lists.  Can  any  old 
Oxford  man  tell  me  when  first  they  ceased  1 

M.A.OxoN. 

FITZHAMON.  —  It  is  stated  in  Hoare's 
c  History  of  Wilts '  that  a  Stephen  Fitzhamon 
having  established  himself  at  Burstow,  Surrey, 
in  the  reign  of  John,  changed  his  name  to 
Stephen  de  Burstow,  and  it  is  suggested  that 
he  was  a  descendant  of  a  younger  brother 
of  Sir  Robert  Fitzhamon,  the  conqueror  of 
Glamorgan,  who  died  1107.  Can  any  one  tell 
me  what  was  the  name  of  this  younger 
brother,  and  where  a  pedigree  of  the  Fitz- 
hamon family  may  be  found  ?  On  the  seal 
of  Stephen  de  Burstow  appear  the  words 
"Sigillum  Stephani  filii  Hamonis."  Does 
"  filii  Hamonis "  necessarily  mean  the  sur- 
name Fitzhamon,  or  may  it  not  mean  only 
the  "  son  of  Hamon  "  ?  Was  Hamo  or  Hamon 
a  common  Norman  Christian  name  ?  In  the 
Surrey  Fines  there  are  Walter  fil  Hamo  and 
Richard  fil  Hamo  (1199),  Norman  fil  Hamo 


(1205),  John  fil  Hamo  (1251).  Was  "  fil  Hamo  " 
and  Fitzhamon  the  family  name,  or  was 
Hamo  only  the  father's  name  in  these  cases  ? 

G.  H.  W. 

VENISON  IN  SUMMER.  —  Lemery,  in  his 
'Treatise  of  Foods,'  of  which  an  English 
translation  was  published  in  1704,  has  the 
following  passage  in  the  chapter  dealing 
with  the  stag  : — 

"  However,  some  are  of  opinion  they  ought  not  to 
be  eat  in  Summer,  because  this  Animal  then  feeds 
upon  Vipers,  Serpents,  and  the  like  Creatures, 
which  they  look  upon  to  be  very  Venemous,  as  if 
the  Stag  did  not  eat  of  them  all  the  Year  round." 

Was  this  idea  general  at  the  time  1  Lemery 
apparently  believed  it.  W.  D.  OLIVER. 

COMBER  FAMILY.— In  1887  (7th  S.  iii.  515) 
a  reference  was  made  to  some  manuscripts 
relating  to  the  above  family  which  were 
offered  for  sale  by  Mr.  Wm.  Downing,  of 
Birmingham,  and  I  should  be  very  grateful 
if  any  reader  of  'N.  &  Q.'  could  put  me  on 
the  track  of  the  purchaser  or  present  pos- 
sessor. I  applied  a  few  years  ago  to  Mr. 
Downing,  but  most  unfortunately  all  his 
books  relating  to  that  period  had  been  de- 
stroyed by  fire.  I  have  been  for  some  time 
engaged  on  a  history  of  the  family,  and  should 
be  very  glad  to  correspond  with  any  one  in- 
terested in  it.  JOHN  COMBER. 

High  Steep,  Jar  vis  Brook,  Tunbridge  Wells. 

"SYNCHRONIZE"  :  " ALTERNATE."— Am  I  a 
prig,  or  am  I  an  ignoramus,  that  I  object  to 
the  use  made  of  these  words  in  the  following 
passages?  According  to  the  Art  Journal  of 
September,  1903,  one  reason  why  "  Mr. 
Whistler  was  considered  a  man  of  absurd 
pretensions  was  because  no  one  before  him 
had  dared  to  synchronize  the  terms  of  music 
to  those  of  painting "  (p.  267).  The  Athenceum 
of  12  September,  1903,  in  heralding  the  issue 
of  Dr.  FurnivaU's  Shakespeare  in  the  old 
spelling,  asserts :  "  The  plays  will  each  occupy 
one  volume  of  square  octavo  shape,  and  two 
alternate  qualities  of  paper  will  be  available  " 
(p.  351).  ST.  SWITHIN. 

MRS.  BROWNING'S  'AURORA  LEIGH.' — 

As  he  stood 

In  Florence,  where  he  had  come  to  spend  a  month 
And  note  the  secret  of  Da  Vinci's  drains. — I.  7-. 

What  does  this  mean  ?  Can  the  word  "  drains  " 
be  a  misprint  for  dreams  ?  Lucis. 

[No  :  Leonardo  was  a  famous  hydraulic  engineer.] 

THE  HEAD  OF  HENRY  GREY,  DUKE  OF 
SUFFOLK. — A  writer*  in  the  Antiquary  for 
December,  1903,  in  alluding  to  the  Duke  of 


*  '  Rambles  of  an  Antiquary,'  by  George  Bailey. 


48 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io*  s.  i.  JAN.  ie,  iw*. 


Suffolk,  father  of  Lady  Jane  Grey,  says  : 
"A  photo  was  taken  of  his  head  when  the 
alterations  took  place  in  St.  Peter's  Church 
in  the  Tower  of  London.  There  is  a  good 
deal  of  grim  expression  in  the  face."  One 
would  naturally  infer  from  this  paragraph 
that  the  duke's  remains  were  found  intact 
during  the  alterations  of  1876.  Is  this  so? 
In  June,  1893,  when  visiting  the  church  of 
the  Holy  Trinity,  Minories,  I  was  shown  a 
human  head  (preserved  in  a  glass  case)  which 
is  presumed  to  be  that  of  the  said  duke.  It 
was  discovered  in  the  vaults  below  the  church 
by  the  Earl  of  Dartmouth  in  1852,  in  a  box 
filled  with  oak  sawdust,  which  acted  as  an 
antiseptic  and  preserved  the  skin  in  a  remark- 
able manner.  But  as  the  duke  cannot  have 
possessed  two  heads,  I  shall  be  glad  to  learn 
further  particulars  concerning  the  discovery 
at  St.  Peter  ad  Vincula.  Were  the  Duke  of 
Suffolk's  remains  positively  identified  ?  and, 
if  so,  was  the  head  missing  or  not  1 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 
[See  8th  S.  viii.  286,  393 ;  x.  72,  144 ;  xii.  114.] 

'  WILLY  WOOD  AND  GREEDY  GRIZZLE.' — Is 
the  author  known  of  this  eighteenth-century 
booklet  ?  The  title-page  ran  : — 

"  Willy  Wood  and  Greedy  Grizzle  :  a  Tale  of  the 
Present  Century,  founded  on  Fact.  Evil  be  to  him 
who  evil  thinks.  To  which  are  subjoined  Three 
New  Songs.  London :  Printed  for  the  Author : 
Sold  by  J.  Forbes,  Tavistock  Row,  Covent  Garden ; 
and  all  the  Booksellers  in  town  and  country.  Price 
One  Shilling." — viii-32  pp.  8vo. 

The  work  is  dedicated  to  the  Magisterial 
Rooks  of  the  Corporation  of  -Sw-castle  (New- 
castle-upon-Tyne),  and  is  not  written  for 
young  persons.  At  the  end  is  a  song  for  a 
Newcastle  man,  an  exercise  in  the  "burr" 
calculated  to  try  his  articulation  severely. 
It  begins  : — 

Rough  roll'd  the  roaring  river's  stream, 

And  rapid  ran  the  rain, 
When  Robert  Rutter  dreamt  a  dream 
Which  rack'd  his  heart  with  pain. 

This  is  almost  as  bad  as  the  well  -  known 
shibboleth  <:  O'er  rugged  rocks  the  ragged 
rascals  ran,"  which,  until  the  advent  of  School 
Boards,  was  supposed  to  try  the  anatomy  of 
an  ordinary  Novocastrian. 

RICHARD  WELFORD. 

ROBERT  GILES. — In  a  recent  article  in  the 
Dublin  Review,  vol.  cxxxii.,  the  Bishop  of 
Salford  has  noted  that  Robert  Giles,  "  legum 
Anglise  professor  egregius,"  who  had  married 
a  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Stradling  (as  to 
whom  see  'D.N.B.,'  Iv.  16),  died  at  Louvain 
in  1578,  aged  forty  -  four,  and  was  buried 
in  the  church  of  St.  Michael  there.  He 


does  not  appear  to  have  been  at  Oxford.  Was 
he  at  Cambridge  ?  On  3  May,  1564,  one  Robert 
Gyell  was  admitted  to  Lincoln's  Inn.  On 
23  July,  1566,  Edward  Randolph  (as  to  whom 
see  '  D.N.B.,'  xlvii.  271)  constituted  Sir  James 
Shelley  and  Robert  Giles  his  true  and  lawful 
attorneys  ('S.P.  Dom.,  Eliz.,'  xl.  35).  The 
name  of  Robert  Gyles,  gent.,  of  Kent,  occurs 
in  a  list  of  fugitives  over  the  sea  dated 
29  Jan.,  1576  (Strype,  'Ann.,'  II.  ii.  597). 
Any  further  details  concerning  him  would 
be  welcome.  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

WEST-COUNTRY  FAIR. — I  should  be  glad  to 
be  referred  to  any  sources  which  illustrate 
fairs  in  the  West  of  England  at  the  end  of 
the  seventeenth  or  beginning  of  the  eigh- 
teenth century,  especially  in  Dorset. 

HIPPOCLIDES. 

ST.  PATRICK  AT  ORVIETO.— The  'Encyclo- 
paedia Britannica '  mentions,  under  '  Orvieto,' 
a  celebrated  "  pozzo  di  S.  Patrizio,"  or  well  of 
St.  Patrick.  I  have  consulted  several  works 
on  Orvieto,  but  none  of  them  do  more  than 
mention  this  well,  some  not  even  so  fully  as 
the  'Encyclopaedia'  does.  Is  there  any  tra- 
dition that  Ireland's  apostle  ever  passed 
through  Orvieto,  which  might  account  for 
the  name  of  the  well  ?  Where  may  some- 
thing on  this  subject  be  found  1 

F.  C.  W. 

TUCKETT.  —  Biographical  information  is 
desired  for  an  historical  publication  concern- 
ing the  late  Mr.  John  Tuckett,  of  Kentish 
Town,  especially  the  dates  of  birth,  death, 
&c.  Any  information  will  be  acceptable. 

T. 

HERBERT  SPENCER  ON  BILLIARDS.  —  Can 
any  one  give  me  the  exact  text  and  locate 
the  original  publication  of  a  remark  said 
to  have  been  made  by  Herbert  Spencer  to 
a  young  man  who  defeated  him  at  a  game 
of  billiards  ?  "  Sir,  a  moderate  measure  of 
skill  at  billiards  may  very  properly  be  a 
source  of  satisfaction ;  but  such  a  degree  of 
proficiency  as  you  exhibit  is  conclusive  proof 
of  a  misspent  life."  D.  M. 

Philadelphia. 

"ALL  ROADS  LEAD  TO  ROME."— Can  you 
tell  me  the  origin  of  this  saying  ? 

FAIRHOLME. 

CAPT.  DEATH.— Who  was  "the  celebrated 
Capt.  Death"  for  whose  widow  a  benefit 
performance  of  '  Cato '  was  given  at  Drury 
Lane  on  27  February,  1757  ?  It  is  note- 
worthy that  Genest  has  no  record  of  this 
remarkable  performance,  despite  the  fact 
that  the  principal  members  of  both  theatres 


io«-  s.  i.  JAN.  16, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


49 


united  forces  on  that  occasion  in  honour  o 
the  lugubriously  named  captain.     F.  F.  L. 

A.    C.    SWINBURNE. — The   editors    of    th 
"  Centenary    Edition "    of    Burns    quote   in 
the  notes,  vol.  i.  p.  368,  the  following  stanza 
by  Mr.  Swinburne  : — 
Men,  born  of  the  land  that  for  ages 

Has  been  honoured  where  freedom  was  dear, 
Till  your  labour  was  fat  on  its  wages 
You  shall  never  be  peers  of  a  peer. 
Where  might  is,  the  right  is : 

Long  purses  make  strong  swords. 
Let  weakness  learn  meekness. 
God  save  the  House  of  Lords. 

In  which  of  the  poet's  publications  can  the 
rest  of  the  poem  be  found  ? 

J.  J.  FREEMAN. 

RALEIGH'S  HEAD.  —  I  lately,  quite  by 
chance,  came  across  a  copy  of  a  booklet 
entitled  'History  and  Description  of  the 
Windows  of  the  Parish  Church  of  the  House 
of  Commons'  (1895),  by  Mrs.  J.  E.  Sinclair, 
a  lady  of  antiquarian  tastes.  In  this  I  find 
it  stated,  at  p.  30,  that 

"Ralegh  was  beheaded  in  the  adjacent  Old  Palace 
Yard,  in  1618  ;  his  body  was  interred  beneath  the 
chancel  of  the  church,  his  head  being  placed  on 
Westminster  Hall.  A  tradition,  handed  down  from 
rector  to  rector  of  St.  Margaret's,  says  that  the 
dissevered  head  was  buried  in  the  same  grave  with 
the  body  of  his  son,  Carew  Ralegh,  a  few  years 
afterwards." 

I  should  be  glad  to  know  how  much 
credence  is  to  be  attached  to  this  "tra- 
dition," and  whether  the  statement  can  be 
by  any  means  traced  to  its  source.  I  believe 
that  the  accepted,  and  probably  authentic, 
account  is  that  the  head  was  buried  in  the 
church  at  West  Hprseley,  in  Surrey.  I  ad- 
dressed a  communication  on  this  matter  to 
the  editor  of  the  St.  Margaret's  Parish  Maga- 
zine, thinking  it  a  likely  means  by  which  to 
obtain  the  information,  but  it  did  not  secure 
insertion.  DAVID  EASTERBROOK. 

[See  DR.  BIU:SHFIELD'S  article,  9th  S.  xii.  289.] 

"  MEYNES  "  AND  "RHINES."— At  Orange  the 
other  day  I  came  across  a  curious  patois  word 
which  is  of  some  interest.  The  waterway 
which  is  led  through  the  town,  and  which  is 
usually  about  one  metre  broad  [?  deep]  and  ten 
metres  wide,  is  locally  known  as  a  "meyne." 
When  one  i-ecollects  that  the  drainage  chan- 
nels on  Sedgemoor  are  known  as  "  rhines," 
and  that  the  chief  tributary  of  the  river 
Rhine  is  the  Main,  one  is  tempted  to  ask 
what  the  origin  of  these  two  terms  really  is. 

It  is,  of  course,  well  known  that  Orange 
was  once  a  principality  under  the  House  of 
Nassau,  and  it  is  possible  thatDutch engineers 
may  have  been  brought  there  by  them  to 


superintend  the  irrigation  works  with  which 
the  whole  of  this  part  of  the  Rhone  plain  is 
intersected.  Similarly  I  believe  that  many 
of  the  drainage  works  on  Sedgemoor  were 
laid  out  by  Dutchmen.  Are  there  any  tech- 
nical terms  in  Dutch  or  Flemish  from  which 
"  meyne  "  and  "  rhine  "  could  be  derived  ? 

I  do  not  know  if  the  compilers  of  the 
'  N.E.D.'  have  as  yet  reached  the  word  "  main," 
but  Dr.  Murray  might  well  have  French 
patois  dictionaries  looked  up  as  to  "  meyne," 
in  view  of  our  own  gas  and  water  mains.  My 
informant  said  the  word,  which  I  have  not 
seen  written,  is  pure  French  ;  but  I  have  not 
Littre  at  hand  to  verify  his  assertion.  H. 

Avignon. 

[For  rene,  a  small  watercourse,  see  9th  S.  ix.  329, 
4S4.] 


THE  MOTHER  OF  NINUS. 

(9th  S.  xii.  128.) 

As  Osiris  was  at  once  the  son  and  husband 
of  Isis  his  mother,  and  the  Indian  god  Iswara 
is  represented  as  a  babe  at  the  breast  of  his 
own  wife  Parvati,  the  Indian  Isis,  so  Ninus 
or  Nimrod,  the  beginning  of  whose  kingdom 
was  Babylon  (Genesis  x.  10),  was  both  hus- 
band and  son  of  Semiramis,  who,  as  the  first 
deified    queen    of     Babylon,    was    probably 
identified  with  Mu-Mu  or  Ma-Ma,  the  great 
mother  of  all  nature,  who  in  her  varying 
!orms,    says    Mr.     Boscawen,     was    Mumu 
Tiamut,   the    Chaotic    Sea,  and    Baku,   the 
spouse  of  Hea,  who  presided  over  the  south 
of  Babylonia,  the  region  of  the  marshes,  and 
x>re  the  title  also  of  the  "  bearing  mother  of 
mankind  "  ('  From  under  the  Dust  of  Ages,' 
886,  p.  35).     So  that,  in  the  conflicting  rela- 
ionships  of  the  earliest  divinities  with  which 
,he  researches  of  Assyriologists  have  made 
us  acquainted,   it  is  perhaps  permissible  to 
recognize  in  Mu-Mu    or    Ma-Ma  attributes 
which   were  transferred   to    Semiramis,  the 
,reat  goddess-mother,  upon  one    of    whose 
emples  in  Egypt,  where  she  was  known  as 
Athor,  was  inscribed  :    "  I  arn  all  that  has 
)een,  or  that  is,  or  that  shall  be.    No  mortal 
las  removed  my  veil.     The    fruit  which  I 
mve  brought  forth  is  the  Sun "  (Bunsen's 
Egypt,'  1848,  vol.  i.  pp.   386-7).     Similarly 
he  Babylonian  epic  of  the  creation  begins  by 
escribing  the  generation  of  the  world  out  of 
Vlummu  or  Chaos,  the  primeval  source  of  all 
hings  ('  The  Religions  of  Ancient  Egypt  and 
Babylon,'  by  Prof.  Sayce,  1902.  p.  131).     The 
first  tablet  of  the  '  History  of  Creation '  says  : 

.  When  in  the  height  heaven  was  not  named, 
.  And  the  earth  beneath  did  not  yet  bear  a  name, 


60 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        iw  s.  i.  JAN.  10, 


3.  And  the  primeval  Apsu-ma  (?  or  mu)  who  begat 

them, 

4.  And  Chaos,  mu-um-mu  Tiamat,  the  mother  of 

them  both,  &o. 

See  'The  Seven  Tablets  of  Creation,'  by 
L.  W.  King,  1902,  p.  3  et  seq.<  and  'The 
Religions  of  Babylon  and  Assyria,'  by  Morris 
Jastrow,  1898,  p.  105.  One  seems  justified, 
therefore,  in  assuming  that  the  mother  of 
Ninus,  after  the  divinity  of  both  the  former 
and  the  latter  had  become  an  established 
belief,  was  his  own  wife  Semiramis,  whose 
attributes,  when  deified  after  death,  gradually 
became  identified  in  the  eyes  of  ner  wor- 
shippers with  those  of  Mu-Mu  or  Ma-Ma, 
the  Mother  of  All. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 


IMMUREMENT  ALIVE  OF  RELIGIOUS  (9th  S. 
xii.  25,  131,  297,  376,  517).— The  interest  of 
historic  truth  must  be  my  excuse  for  taking 
exception  to  MR.  H.  Q.  HOPE'S  version  of  the 
Bruntisfield  mystery.  "  The  venerable  man- 
sion" was  not  "demolished  in  1800";  it 
stands  at  this  day,  and  is  still  inhabited,  a 
well-preserved  example  of  Scottish  castellated 
building  of  the  sixteenth  century.  My  father 
rented  it  at  one  time,  and  part  of  my  child- 
hood was  spent  there ;  but  the  story  of  the 
secret  chamber,  as  repeated  by  MR.  HOPE,  has 
deepened  in  gloom  since  my  time.  Miss 
Warrender,  a  daughter  of  the  house,  has  given 
what  may  be  considered  the  authentic  ver- 
sion in  her  'Walks  near  Edinburgh,'  pp.  13-15. 
It  may  serve  as  a  useful  warning  against  too 
easy  acceptance  of  fanciful  variants  if  I  quote 
what  she  says  : — 

"After  the  purchase  of  Bruntisfield  by  George 
Warrender  [in  1695],  it  remained  for  nearly  a  hun 
dred  years  in  possession  of  the  younger  branch  o. 
the  family,  which  came  to  an  end  in  1820  by  the 

death  of  Hugh  Warrender He  was  succeeded  by 

his  cousin,  my  grand-uncle,  the  Right  Hon.  Sir 
George  Warrender,  M. P.,  who,  on  taking  possession 
discovered  the  existence  of  a  secret  room.  The 
house  was  then  thickly  covered  with  ivy.  Lee,  the 
Royal  Academician,  and  an  architect  that  Si 
George  had  brought  down  from  London  with  him 
were  the  first  to  suspect  its  existence,  from  findini 
more  windows  outside  than  they  could  account  for 
The  old  woman  who  had  charge  of  the  house  deniec 
for  a  long  time  any  knowledge  of  such  a  room ;  but 
frightened  by  Sir  George's  threats,  she  at  lengt 
showed  him  the  narrow  entrance,  that  was  con 
cealed  behind  a  piece  of  tapestry.  This  was  tori 
down  and  the  door  forced  open,  and  a  room  wa 
found  just  as  it  had  been  left  by  some  former  occu 
pant— the  ashes  still  in  the  grate.  Whether,  a, 
one  story  said,  it  had  been  used  as  a  hiding-plac 
in  troubled  times,  or  whether,  according  to  anothe 
legend,  it  had  been  the  room  of  a  dearly  loved  chile 
of  the  house,  after  whose  death  it  had  been  hur- 
riedly shut  up,  never  to  be  entered  again  by  the 
broken-hearted  parents,  there  are  now  no  means  of 


nowing  ;  but  the  bloodstains  on  the  floor  point  to 
ome  darker  tragedy,  and  a  tradition  still  lingers 
hat,  not  long  after  the  discovery  of  this  room,  a 
keleton  was  found  buried  below  the  windows." 

It  would  have  been  most  improper  if  that 
keleton  had  not  turned  up ;  but  there  is  no 
uggestion  of  immurement,  as  MR.  HOPE 
<vould  have  us  believe. 

HERBERT  MAXWELL. 

Perhaps  M.  N.  G.  will  be  kind  enough,  in 
he  interests  of  historical  accuracy,  to  furnish 
>ne  or  more  of  the  following  particulars  : 
1)  the  name  of  the  convent ;  (2)  the  name  of 
/he  nun  ;  (3)  the  name  of  the  person  or  per- 
,ons  who  "captured"  her;    (4)  the  means 
thereby  the  capture  was  effected  ;  (6)  the 
name  of  the  "recent  book  on  life  in  America  "; 
and  at  the  same  time  to  give  a  reference  to 
any    contemporary    account  of    the   events 
.lleged  to  have  taken  place  at  Charlestown, 
tfass.,  in  1835.     The  fact  that  the  law  (in 
nglaud    as  elsewhere)  did    in    times  past 
)unish  heretics  with  death  by  burning  does 
lot  seem  to  me  to  be  one  from  which  the 
jrevalence  of  an  illegal  custom  of  burying 
•ecalcitrant  religious  alive  can   be   by  any 
mown  process  of  reasoning  validly  inferred. 
JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

CARDINALS  (9th  S.  xi.  490 ;  xii.  19,  174,  278, 
334,  497). — Mr.'  Marion  Crawford,  writing  of 
Rome  in  1865,  says  of  Cardinal  Antonelli : — 

'  He  had  his  faults,  and  they  were  faults  little 
becoming  a  cardinal  of  the  Holy  Roman  Church. 
But  few  are  willing  to  consider  that,  though  a 
cardinal,  he  was  not  a  priest — that  he  was  prac- 
tically a  layman,  who  by  his  own  unaided  genius 
had  attained  to  great  power — and  that  those  faults 
which  have  been  charged  against  him  with  such 
virulence  would  have  passed,  nay,  actually  pass, 
unnoticed  and  uncensured  in  many  a  great  states- 
man of  those  days  and  of  these." 
This  passage  occurs  in  the  novel  of  'Sara- 
cinesca,'  but  here  Mr.  Marion  Crawford  is 
evidently  writing  as  an  historian,  and  not  as 
a  novelist,  and  I  think  may  be  considered  an 
authority  on  the  subject,  as  he  has  made 
Italian  life  so  much  his  own. 

J.  H.  MURRAY. 

Edinburgh. 

THE  WYKEHAMICAL  WORD  "  TOYS  "  (9th  S. 
xii.  345,  437,  492  ;  10th  S.  i.  13).—'  Winchester 
College  Notions,'  by  Three  Beetleites  (Win- 
chester, P.  &  G.  Wells,  1901),  is  the  book  from 
which  the  present  generation  of  Wyke- 
hamists acquires  its  essential  modicum  of 
knowledge  of  notions,  and  is  the  immediate 
source  of  the  "accepted  derivation"  cited  at 
|  the  second  reference.  The  authors  give  due 
1  acknowledgment  in  their  preface  to  the  work 
of  previous  writers,  and  say  that  "deriva- 


s.  i.  JAN.  16,  low.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


51 


tions  have  been  usually  omitted  or  com- 
pressed as  far  as  possible,  because  Mr.  Wrench 
so  extensively  deals  with  that  department  in 
his  admirable  work";  the  word  "toys"  is, 
however,  one  of  the  few  exceptions  to  which 
a  derivation  is  attached,  that  given  being 
"  Fr.  toise  =  &  fathom,  the  space  allotted  to 
each  man  in  College."  Right  or  wrong,  the 
Beetleites  clearly  preferred  this  derivation. 

I.  B.  B. 

"FISCAL"  (9th  S.  xii.  444).— Every  word,  no 
less  than  every  dog,  has  its  day,  and  now  is 
the  chance  of  fiscal.  It  has  a  close  competi- 
tor in  dump,  but  it  manages  to  maintain 
pre-eminence.  The  use  of  it  has  increased  a 
thousandfold,  and  tongues  utter  it  glibly, 
under  eyes  that  but  a  year  ago  hardly  knew 
the  word  by  sight.  Not  long  ago  the  keeper 
(fern.)  of  a  registry  office  informed  a  lady  who 
was  in  search  of  a  kitchen-maid  that  the 
fiscal  conditions  of  domestic  service  had 
entirely  changed  in  recent  times. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

DR.  PARKINS  (9th  S.  xii.  349 ;  10th  S.  i.  15).— 
Besides  the  books  mentioned  in  Mr.  Beale's 
contribution  to  the  Grantham  Journal,  John 
Parkins  was  the  author  of  '  The  Holy  Temple 
of  Wisdom,'  an  edition  of  Culpeper's  'Eng- 
lish Physician,'  1810, 1814,  and  '  The  Universal 
Fortune-Teller,'  1810,  1814;  1822.  He  has 
already  figured  in  4th  S.  ix.  76,  where  other 
books  are  mentioned.  I  have  seen  none  but 
*  The  Universal  Fortune-Teller.'  W.  C.  B. 

In  the  'History  of  Ufton  Court,'  by  A.  M. 
Sharp  (1892,  4to),  there  is  at  p.  239  a  pedigree 
(Grantham,  co.  Lincoln)  of  this  branch  of  the 
Perkins  or  Parkins  family,  from  the  Visita- 
tion of  Lincoln,  1654,  with  additions  from 
parish  registers.  There  is  another  of  Parkins 
of  Ashby,  parish  of  Bottesford ;  but  the 
pedigrees  are  not  carried  down  to  the  dates 
mentioned  of  publication  of  books  by  Dr. 
Parkins.  VICAR. 

[MR.  E.  H.  COLKMAX  also  sends  a  list  of  Parkins's 
works.] 

SHAKESPEARE'S  GEOGRAPHY  (9th  S.  xi.  208, 
333,  416,  469 ;  xiL  90,  191).— MR.  STRONACH 
selects  from  my  letters  a  few  sentences,  and 
takes  no  notice  of  the  rest.  I  gave  reasons  for 
what  I  wrote,  and  if  MR.  STRONACH  is  blind 
to  them,  I  may  suppose  that  other  readers  of 
'  N.  &  Q.'  will  not  be  so.  I  pointed  out  to 
MR.  STRONACH  that  Shakspeare  thought  Milan 
to  be  on  the  sea.  It  is  impossible  that  Bacon, 
a  traveller  on  the  Continent,  and  a  man  of 
genera]  knowledge,  could  have  made  this 
mistake.  I  have  formed  my  own  opinions 
from  my  own  reading,  and  it  is  not  necessary 


to  refer  me  to  others,  who  cannot  have  con- 
sidered the  question  under  discussion  more 
thoroughly  than  I  have  done.  There  have 
been,  and  are,  many  competent  critics  who 
differ  from  the  views  of  the  gentlemen  whom 
MR.  STRONACH  names.  Shakspeare  had 
enough  Latin  to  know  the  meaning  of  the 
very  simple  hackneyed  quotations  which  are 
found  in  those  plays  that  are  undoubtedly 
his.  Xobody  ever  said  the  contrary.  Shak- 
speare apparently  must  have  known  some- 
thing of  Plautus.  But  he  might  have  got 
his  Knowledge  indirectly,  without  having 
read  the  Latin.  He  might  have  obtained  the 
plot  of  '  The  Comedy  of  Errors '  in  more 
ways  than  one.  Possibly  he  rewrote  the 
play  of  somebody  else.  Ritson  has  said  : — 

"Shakspeare  was  not  under  the  slightest  obliga- 
tion, in  forming  this  comedy,  to  Warner's  trans- 
lation of  the  'Menaechmi.' He  has  not  a  name, 

line,  or  word  from  the  old  play,  nor  any  one  inci- 
dent but  what  must  of  course  be  common  to  every 

translation This  comedy,   though  boasting  the 

embellishments  of  our  author's  genius,  was  not 
originally  his,  but  proceeded  from  some  inferior 
playwright,  who  was  capable  of  reading  the 
'  Men£echmi '  without  the  aid  of  a  translation." 

I  have  noticed  one  difference  between  Bacon 
and  Shakspeare.  In  reading  Bacon's  'Essays ' 
I  find  that  he  invariably  has  the  conjunctive 
mood  after  if.  Shakspeare  in  his  chief  plays 
uses  the  indicative  or  the  conjunctive  mood, 
without  distinction,  after  this  conjunction. 
I  must  have  counted  at  least  a  hundred 
instances  of  if  with  the  indicative  in  his 
plays  ;  and  I  am  sure  that  there  must  be 
very  many  more  instances.  It  may,  however, 
be  said  that  Bacon  supervised  his  'Essays,' 
and  that  the  author  of  the  plays  did  not  do  so. 

E.  YARDLEY. 
[This  discussion  must  now  close.] 

GLASS  MANUFACTURE  (9th  S.  xii.  428,  515). 
—The  inquiry  under  this  heading  was 
whether  country  gentlemen  were  occupied 
in  glass-making.  In  Joseph  Hunter's  '  South 
Yorkshire,  Deanery  of  Doncaster,'  ii.  99,  it 
is  stated  that 

"  in  the  time  of  the  first  Earl  of  Strafford  the 
manufacture  of  glass  was  introduced  at  Wentworth, 
and  a  glass-house  erected.  The  memory  of  it  is  still 
preserved  in  the  name  Glass-house  Green,  now 
enclosed." 

In  the  same  volume,  p.  35,  we  read,  under 
Catcliffe,  in  the  parish  of  Rotherham;  that 
"a  glass-house  was  established  here  in  1740,  by  a 
company  of  persons  who  had  been  previously  em- 
ployed in  the  glass-house  near  Bolsterstone,  then  in 
high  reputation." 

From  original  documents  I  am  able  to  add 
some  of  the  later  history  of  the  Catcliffe 
works.  In  1764  John  May,  glass  'manu- 


52 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [ioth  s.  i.  JAN.  16, 


facturer,  took  a  lease  of  the  glass-house  at 
Catcliffe  for  twenty  -  one  years.  In  1782 
Hannah,  his  widow,  transferred  it  to  their 
sons  Thomas  May  and  William  May,  who 
carried  on  the  business  for  some  years. 
They  certainly  had  it  in  1785.  I  find  these 
persons  described  sometimes  as  "gentlemen." 
There  were  also  two  glass-houses  at  Mas- 
brough,  in  the  parish  of  Rotherham,  which 
were  worked  for  some  time  by  John  Fol- 
jambe,  gentleman  (an  attorney,  I  believe), 
in  partnership  with  Jacob  Boomer,  a  grocer, 
both  of  Rotherham.  In  1783  they  leased 
them  to  the  above-named  Thomas  May  for 
thirteen  years.  Mustard-bottles,  ink-bottles, 
decanters,  and  flint  glasses  were  among  the 
articles  they  produced.  The  Mays  are  no- 
ticed in  Mr.  Hunter's  'Fam.  Min.  Gent.,' 
Harl.  Soc.,  iv.  1177.  W.  C.  B. 

In  St.  Stephen's  Church,  Norwich,  is  a 
mural  tablet  to  the  memory  of  Richard 
Matthews,  Sheriff  of  Norwich,  glass-maker, 
who  died  1774.  On  it  are  his  arms  thus : 
Per  pale :  1,  Gules,  three  Catherine-wheels 
argent,  on  a  chief  or  a  bull's  head  cabossed 
sable ;  2,  Gules,  a  chevron  between  three 
escallops  argent. 

JOHN  HOBSON  MATTHEWS. 

Monmouth. 

MORGANATIC  MARRIAGE  (9th  S.  xii.  486).— 
For  an  answer  to  this  question  refer  to 
'  N.  &  Q.,'  2nd  S.  vi.  237  ;  3rd  S.  v.  235,  328, 441, 
515  ;  vi.  38,  54,  140,  197. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

EMMET  AND  DE  FONTENAY  LETTERS  (9th  S. 
xii.  308).— FRANCESCA  may  be  pleased  to 
know  that  she  can  learn  all  about  Robert 
Emmet's  letters  to  Madame  la  Marquise  de 
Fontenay  by  reference  to  a  huge  book, 
privately  printed,  by  Dr.  Thomas  Addis 
Emmet,  called  'The  Emmet  Family.'  There 
is  but  one  copy  in  England,  and  that  is  in 
the  British  Museum.  L.  I.  GUTNEY. 

CARSON  (9th  S.  xi.  488;  xii.  19, 110,331,  377). 
—With  regard  to  this  subject,  perhaps  it  may 
not  be  out  of  place  to  mention  that  in  that 
delightful  work  '  Adventures  with  the  Con- 
naught  Rangers,  1809-14,'  by  William  Grat- 
tan, late  Lieutenant  Connaught  Rangers, 
edited  by  Charles  Oman  (Edward  Arnold), 
the  name  of  Carsons  will  be  found  ;  and  to 
add  that  Mr.  Oman  points  out  in  the  preface, 
at  p.  vii : — 

"  It  is  clearly  from  the  domestic  annals  of  the 
88th  that  Charles  Lever  drew  the  greater  part  of 
the  good  stories  which  make  the  fortune  of  '  Charles 
O'Malley.'  Many  of  the  humours  of  Mickey  Free 


seem  to  be  drawn  directly  from  the  doings  of  Grat- 
tan's  servant,  Dan  Carsons.  Comparing  the  'real 
thing'  with  the  work  of  fiction,  one  is  driven  to 
conclude  that  much  of  what  was  regarded  as  rollick- 
ing invention  on  Lever's  part  was  only  a  photo- 
graphic reproduction  of  anecdotes  that  he  had 
heard  from  old  soldiers  of  the  Connaught  Rangers." 

Peninsular  hero  though  he  really  was,  yet 
Lieut.  Grattan  complains  at  p.  79  : — 

"  For  six  days  we  had  not  seen  our  baggage,  and 

were  in  consequence  without  a  change  of  linen 

I  had  no  nightcap." 

Mr.  W.  Grattan  was  a  kinsman  of  Ireland's 

greatest  statesman — Henry  Grattan. 

HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 

119,  Elms  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 

PAMELA  (9th  S.  xii.  141,  330).— Since  writing 
my  former  note  on  the  pronunciation  of  this 
name  I  have  accidentally  come  across  it  in 
French,  in  the  advice  given,  in  '  Les  Gaietes 
de  Beranger'  (Amsterdam,  1864,  p.  16),  by  the 
"abbesse"  of  to-day  to  one  of  her  disciples  : 
Vous,  Pamela, 
Cachez  cela. 

The  accent  on  the  second  syllable  of  the 
name  is,  of  course,  to  make  the  name  tri- 
syllabic, and  the  rhyme  with  "  cela  "  shows  its 
pronunciation  to  be  a  practical  approxima- 
tion to  that  of  a  cretic  (---);  that  is,  to  the 
pronunciation  of  Richardson. 

RICHARD  HORTON  SMITH. 
Athenaeum  Club. 

My  mother  (born  in  1824,  when  Richard- 
son's novel  was  still  popular)  was  christened 
Pamela— professedly  after  the  novel.  I  never 
heard  any  other  pronunciation  of  the  name 
by  relatives  and  friends  than  Pamela.  The 
diminutive  of  endearment  was  Pam,  which 
would  not,  I  suppose,  have  been  the  case  with 
Pamela.  The  REV.  C.  S.  TAYLOR'S  instance  of 
Pamella  is  interesting  on  Pope's  side ;  but 
the  spelling  Pamala  (which  I  have  found  in 
letters  from  my  mother's  early  contempora- 
ries) makes  for  Richardson. 

SAMUEL  GREGORY  OULD. 

In  'Selecta  Poemata  Anglorum,'  1779, 
p.  281,  is  a  poem  in  Latin  sapphics  (no  name 
appended),  entitled  '  Ode  ad  Pamelam  Canem 
Dilectissimam ' : — 

Chara,  quae  semper  studio  fideli 

Me  sequi  gratum  solita  es  magistrum, 

Quse  colis  multo  officio,  vocanti 

Pamela  adesdum ! 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 
Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

TlDESWELL    AND   TlDESLOW   (9th  S.   Xii.  341, 

517).— The  claim  made  by  your  correspondent 
as  to  the  prefix  Tid  being  the  name  of  an 
individual  can  scarcely  be  deemed  satis- 


io-s.i.jAx.16,190*.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


factory.  His  contention  is  that  the  place- 
name  Tideswell  should  be  regarded  as  Tides 
ivell,  owing  to  the  suffix  representing  the 
O.N.  voll-r,  an  enclosure  of  some  kind.  To 
this  he  adds,  "  The  present  pronunciation  of 
Tideswell  is  owing  to  a  false  etymology 
which  has  been  circulated  in  guide-books." 
The  latter  are  not  always  trustworthy,  it  is 
true,  but  in  this  instance  they  appear  to  be 
correct.  When  investigating  the  origin  of  a 
place-name  it  is  advisable  to  trace  it  as  far 
back  as  possible  ;  and  in  the  one  under  con- 
sideration, if  the  Domesday  Book  be  con- 
sulted, we  find  "Tidesuuelle"  recorded  as  a 
berewick  of  Hope,  and  almost  identical  in 
spelling  with  its  present-date  appellation. 

Etymology  shows  that  Tideswell  is  a  plain 
A.-S.  place-name.  The  prefix  Tidis  rendered 
by  Bosworth  ('A.-S.  Diet.')  as  "time,"  and 
by  Skeat  ('Etymol.  Diet.')  is  explained  as 
"season,  time,  hour,  flux  or  reflux  of  the 
sea."  The  suffix  well  forms  a  portion  of 
many  of  the  names  of  places  in  Derbyshire, 
and  it  is  very  probable  that  the  term  denoted 
some  spring  or  brook,  which  may  or  may  not 
be  visible  at  the  present  day.  Your  corre- 
spondent affirms,  "This  word  has  nothing  to 
do  with  a  brook  or  spring  of  water,  and  it 
occurs  in  many  places  where  there  is  neither 
brook  nor  spring,"  and  cites  Bradwell 
("  Bradewelle "  in  Domesday  Book)  as  an 
illustrative  example.  In  this  he  is  unfor- 
tunate, as,  according  to  Glover  ('Hist,  of 
Derbyshire,'  ii.  137),  "  a  salt  spring  exists  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  village."  Then 
Bakewell,  the  "Badequelle"  of  Domesday 
Book,  and  specially  mentioned  in  the  'A.-S. 
Chronicle,'  has  possessed  a  medicinal  (chaly- 
beate) spring  from  time  immemorial  (ibid., 
ii.  66-7).  Again,  Tideswell— as  shown  by  its 
etymology  —  was  formerly  celebrated  for 
possessing  what  was  termed  "  an  ebbing  and 
flowing  well,"  and  this  for  centuries  was 
considered  to  be  one  of  the  wonders  of  the 
Peak  district. 

It  is  somewhat  hazardous  to  affirm  thai 
the  names  of  any  individuals  are  preservec 
or  indicated   in    that    of    their   prehistoric 
burying-place.    In    Bateman's    'Ten    Years 
Diggings'    (1861)  there    is    a   long    list    o: 
barrows    in     the    counties    of    Derby    anc 
Stafford,  "distinguished  by  the  word  'low 
subjoined  to  the  name,  or  otherwise  indicatec 
by  the  etymology  of  the  prefix"  (pp.  289-97) 
It  is  doubtful  whether  this  list  contains  a 
single  example  of  the  name  of  a  prehistori 
individual.   Any  possible  one  would  naturallj 
be  looked  for  among  barrows  belonging  to 
the  late  A.-S.  period,  such  as  those  explorec 
by  Mr.   Bateman    at    Benty    Grange,    nea 


Moneyash,  and  on  Lapwing  Hill  by  Cress- 
jrook  (ibid.,  28,  68).  But  of  this  class  the 
numbers  are  few  in  the  Peak  District,  the 
majority  belonging  to  the  Stone  Age. 
Neither  Tideslow  nor  Coplow  was  examined 
jy  Mr.  Baternan,  and  if  there  be  any  possi- 
Dility  of  the  latter  barrow  being  destroyed 
:or  providing  road  material,  I  would  suggest 
that  the  attention  of  the  Derbyshire  Archseo- 
ogical  Society  be  drawn  to  the  matter,  with 
the  view  of  the  low  being  systematically 
xplored. 

The  local  pronunciation  "Tidsa"  appears 
to  be  a  common  example  of  a  word  being 
shortened,  especially  when  it  terminates  in 
a  hard  consonant,  so  frequently  heard  all 
over  England,  particularly  in  rural  districts. 
A  few  weeks  ago  I  heard  an  old  woman  in  a 
Peak  village  exclaim,  "I  canna  (conna  or 
Conner)  do  V  meaning  "  I  cannot  do  it." 

T.  N".  BRUSHFIELD,  M.D. 

Salterton,  Devon. 

Is  not  low  in  Tideslow  the  same  as  law, 
lawe,  the  well-known  word  for  a  hill  or 
mound,  having  nothing  to  do  with  a  burial  1 

"  PAPERS"  (9th  S.  xii.  387  ;  10th  S.  i.  18).— 
The  military  phrase  "  to  send  in  one's  papers  " 
was  quite  common  in  the  army  when  I  joined 
my  regiment  as  an  ensign  in  1855 ;  but  I  have 
no  recollection  of  having  met  with  it  in 
any  book  of  the  eighteenth  century.  In  the 
beginning  of  that  century  a  colonel  who 
wished  to  resign  his  commission  addressed  a 
memorial  to  that  effect  to  the  Commander-in- 
Chief.  An  example  of  this  is  to  be  found  in 
Chrichton's  '  Life  of  Col.  Blackader,'  pp.  429, 
433,  where  the  words  of  Blackader's  petition 
to  the  Duke  of  Maryborough,  asking  to  be 
allowed  "to  retire  out  of  the  army,"  are 
given,  and  the  following  entry  in  his  diary, 
on  23  March,  1712,  as  to  the  issue  of  negotia- 
tions with  Lord  Forrester  for  the  purchase 
of  the  colonelcy  :  "  We  have  now  finished 
our  bargain  about  my  post,  according  to  our 
previous  appointment,  and  having  made  my 
demission,  I  now  look  upon  myself  as  out  of 
the  army." 

In  the  beginning  of  the  nineteenth  century 
an  officer  desirous  of  "selling  out"  wrote  to 
his  immediate  commanding  officer,  and  the 
application  was  accompanied  by  declarations 
setting  forth  particulars  of  service,  guarantees 
as  to  money  transactions  involved,  &c.,  and 
these  documents  came  to  be  commonly  called 
"  papers,"  "  the  necessary  papers."  A  similar 
course  was  pursued  in  the  case  of  an  ex- 
change from  one  regiment  to  another.  For 
example,  Lieut.  Tomkinson,  of  the  16th  Light 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io<»  s.  i.  JAN.  10, 1904. 


Dragoons,  being  in  Spain  on  active  service, 
the  following  letter  was  addressed  to  hi 
father  by  General  Sir  George  Anson  (see 
'  Diary  of  a  Cavalry  Officer,'  p.  161)  :— 

"  19  March,  1812.  Sir,  I  am  happy  to  inform  you 
that  your  son  is  gazetted  to  a  Company  in  the 
00th  Foot,  for  which  he  has  paid  1,3001.  The  differ- 
ence to  be  paid  for  his  exchange  to  Cavalry  is  1,650/. 

It  will  be  necessary  for  you  to  lodge  the  1,365£ 

•which,  added  to  the  2851.  now  in  Collyers'  hands, 
will  make  the  regulated  difference  of  I,6a0f.  I  have 
desired  Messrs.  Collyers  to  send  you  the  necessary 
papers  for  the  exchange,  for  your  signature  on  the 

part  of  your  son I  confess  myself  very  anxious 

to  secure  your  son's  return  to  the  16th  Light 
Dragoons." 

Under  the  word  'Honour'  in  James's 
*  Military  Dictionary,'  1816,  mention  is  made 
of  declarations  on  the  sale  and  exchange  of 
commissions ;  and  under  the  word  '  Docu- 
ment' a  reference  is  given  to  his  'Regimental 
Companion,'  sixth  edition,  vol.  iv.  p.  263. 
Possibly  the  phrase  "  to  send  in  one's  papers  " 
may  be  found  there ;  but  I  have  no  copy  of 
the  work,  and  I  believe  the  sixth  edition  is 
now  rare.  W.  S. 

"  CHAPERONED  BY  HER  FATHER  "  (9th  S.  xii. 
245,  370,  431).— Far  from  straying  from  the 
point  or  points  raised  by  MR.  CECIL  CLARKE, 
I  think  that  he  has  failed  to  see  the  point  of 
my  remarks.  I  have  no  wish  to  "  chaperone  " 
the  word  chaperone,  but  I  object  to  its  being 
labelled  as  more  un-English  than  escort.  The 
one  word  is  as  foreign  as  the  other,  and  in 
point  of  length  of  domicile  there  is  little  to 
choose  between  them.  If  MR.  CLARKE  objects 
to  the  "French  ring"  about  the  word 
chaperone,  I  declare  that  machine  has  just  as 
much  or  even  more  of  a  French  ring  about  it, 
and,  to  be  consistent,  MR.  CLARKE  should 
object  to  it  on  the  same  score  and  try  to  find 
a  "more  English-sounding  substitute"  for  it. 
(Perhaps  apparatus?).  The  'N.E.D.'  does 
not  say  that  the  verb  chaperon  is  affected  ;  it 
merely  records  a  quotation  from  the  year 
1818,  according  to  which  somebody  then 
thought  it  affected.  If  MR.  CLARKE  knew  a 
little  more  of  the  history  of  language  he 
would  know  that  many  a  word  which  has 
been  at  one  time  dubbed  "affected"  has 
succeeded  later  in  acquiring  a  very  homely 
reputation,  and  perhaps  what  he  himself 
to-day  considers  affected  will  in  the  next 
generation  be  in  use  by  everybody.  As  soon 
as  any  word  is  used  by  the  majority,  in  any 
spelling  and  in  any  sense  whatever,  it  has 
the  full  rights  of  citizenship,  however  bravely 
MR.  CLARKE  or  anybody  else  may  stick  to  his 
guns  and  try  to  ostracize  it.  Possibly  there 
are  no  ladies  amongst  the  members  of  the 
Authors'  Club,  but  (I  must  beg  to  ask  another 


question)  would  MR.  CLARKE  taboo  the  use 
of  the  word  author  as  applied  to  a  lady  ? 
This  was,  perhaps,  once  thought  " affected'' 
or  "  inaccurate,"  but  it  is  often  so  used  ;  and 
as  songster  has  been  permanently  transferred 
from  the  feminine  to  the  masculine  gender, 
why  should  not  chaperon  have  a  similar  fate, 
if  the  majority  so  wills  it  ? 

My  remarks,  which  MR.  CLARKE  appa- 
rently failed  to  understand,  were  meant  to 
be  a  protest  against  his  unscientific  (I  will  not 
say  "affected,"  but  certainly  "inaccurate") 
way  of  looking  at  a  linguistic  question.  Who 
wishes  to  pronounce  judgment  upon  words 
must  know  something  of  their  history.  If 
MR.  CLARKE  can  find  followers  enough  to 
help  him  kill  the  word  chaperon  or  chaperone, 
well  and  good— perhaps  nobody  will  be  sorry, 
and  future  historical  dictionaries  will  duly 
record  its  life  and  death  ;  but  unless  he  is 
sure  of  his  success  as  chaperon-killer,  he 
had  better  wait  to  see  how  much  health  there 
is  in  the  word,  which  must  be  decided  by 
time,  not  by  any  personal  opinion  of  the 
present  day.  Being  already  alive  in  1818,  it  has 
passed  the  days  of  childhood,  and  to  my  mind 
the  two  words  chaperone  and  escort,  as  used 
by  supposed  inaccurate  or  affected  people, 
are  not  exactly  synonymous,  and  if  each 
supplies  a  real  want,  one  may  perhaps 
humbly  venture  to  prophesy,  in  the  light  of 
past  word -history,  that  each  will  attain  a 
respectable  and  healthy  old  age.  But  it  all 
depends  whether  the  majority  of  us  are  of 
the  same  mind,  and  even  then  we  can  never 
tell  what  future  fate  may  bring.  We  have 
many  foreigners  among  our  words  as  among 
our  citizens.  Those  that  behave  well  and 
prove  their  healthiness  by  making  them- 
selves really  useful  we  are  happy  to  keep 
and  naturalize — at  least  that  has  been  the 
custom  hitherto.  If  chaperone  proves  to  be 
useless  or  offensive  to  the  majority,  kick  it 
out,  it  is  "only  a  pauper  that  nobody  owns." 
Till  then  let  it  try  its  luck  with  the  other 
foreigners,  but  do  not  treat  it  unfairly. 

SIMPLICISSIMUS. 

FICTITIOUS  LATIN  PLURALS  (9th  S.  xii.  345, 
518). — Macaulay's  use  of  "  candelabras  "  as 
a  plural  is  countenanced  by  the  '  N.E.D.,' 
which  gives  quotations  of  the  same  form 
trom  the  Edinburgh  Review  and  Scott's 
Ivanhoe.'  J.  DORMER. 

"  O  COME,  ALL  YE  FAITHFUL  "  (10th  S.  i.  10). 

— John  Julian,  in  his  'Dictionary  of  Hymno- 
ogy,'  states  that  as  early  as  1797  the  tune 
,'  Portuguese  Hymn  ')  was  sung  at  the  chapel 
of  the  Portuguese  Embassy,  of  which  Vincent 
tfovello  was  organist,  and  the  tune  became 


io">  s.  i.  JAN.  16,  low.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


55 


S)pular.  From  'The  Music  of  the  Church 
ymnary  and  the  Psalter  in  Metre,'  by 
William  Cowan  and  James  Love,  publishec 
in  1901,  we  learn  that  in  a  collection  of  hymn 
tunes  published  by  V.  Novello  in  1843. 
entitled  'Home  Music,  the  Congregationa 
and  Choristers'  Psalm  and  Hymn  Book,'  the 
tune  is  headed  'Air  by  Reading,'  an  ap- 
pended note  stating  that  John  Reading  was 
a  pupil  of  Dr.  Blow  (the  master  of  Purcell), 
and  that  the  tune  obtained  its  name  of  '  The 
Portuguese  Hymn'  from  the  circumstance 
that  the  Duke  of  Leeds,  after  hearing  the 
hymn  performed  at  the  Portuguese  Chapel, 
introduced  the  melody  at  the  Antient  Con- 
certs, giving  it  the  title  of  '  The  Portuguese 
Hymn.'  Cowan  and  Love  state  that  no 
known  music  of  Reading  resembles  that  oi 
'Adeste  Fideles,'  and  further,  that  the  date 
1680  is  decidedly  wrong,  since  Reading  was 
only  born  in  1677.  According  to  the  'Dic- 
tionary of  National  Biography'  there  was, 
however,  a  John  Reading  who  was  appointed 
organist  of  Winchester  Cathedral  in  1675. 
The  earliest  known  appearance  of  the  tune 
is,  according  to  Cowan  and  Love,  in  'An 
Essay  on  the  Church  Plain  Chant,'  published 
by  J.  P.  Coghlan  in  1782.  The  oldest  manu- 
script in  which  it  is  to  be  found  is  a  volume 
preserved  at  Stonyhurst  College,  the  work 
of  a  priest  named  John  Francis  Wade, 
entitled  'Cantus  Diversi  pro  Dominicis  et 
Festis  per  Annum  '  ;  it  bears  the  date  1751. 
J.  S.  SHEDLOCK. 


WHENCE"  (10th  S.  i.  9).—  I  sympa- 
thize with  your  correspondent.  But  why 
does  he  admit  that  the  phrase  from  whence 
is  "grammatically  inaccurate"?  It  is  the 
old  confusion  between  grammar  and  logic. 
Grammar  merely  goes  by  custom,  and  is 
independent  of  strict  logic,  a  simple  axiom 
of  which  half  the  world  seems  to  be  ignorant. 
From  a  grammatical  point  of  view  the  phrase 
from  v:hence  is  merely  "more  or  less  pleo- 
nastic," for  which  see  'H.E.D.,'  s.v.  'From,' 
§14b. 

The  phrase  is  surely  old  enough,  since  it 
occurs  several  times  in  Chaucer  :  — 

There  thou  were  \vel,//-o  thf-nms  artow  weyved. 
'  Cant.  Tales,'  B.  308. 
To  my  contree//-o  thennes  that  she  wente. 

Id.,  B.  1043. 

"For  no  wight  as  by  right,  fro  fheniiesforth  that 
him  lakketh  goodness,  ne  shal  ben  cleped  good."— 
Chaucer,  tr.  of  Boethius,  bk.  iv.  prose  3,  1.  13. 

It  seems  high  time  to  protest  against  the 
arrogance  and  impertinence  of  some  of  our 
modern  reviewers,  who  in  their  own  igno- 
rance of  the  history  of  the  English  language 
presume  to  think  that  no  one  knows  so  much 


as  themselves,  and  so  proceed  to  lay  down 
the  law,  as  if  there  were  no  facts  to  go  upon. 
That  journalists  should,  as  a  rule,  know 
nothing  of  Middle  English  or  the  gram- 
matical usages  of  Elizabethan  authors  is  not 
surprising ;  but  this  would  not  matter  if 
they  would  only  recognize  the  fact  them- 
selves, and  refrain  from  the  arrogance  of 
"  correcting  "  others  who  know  more  of  these 
things.  Let  us  rather  preserve  our  freedom 
of  speech,  and  refuse  to  be  dictated  to  after 
this  sort. 

There  is  often  a  great  outcry  about  the 
educational  value  of  Greek,  for  which  reason 
it  "ought  to  be  compulsory  on  all."  It  is 
high  time  to  insist  on  the  educational  value 
of  English ;  but  it  will  be  long  before  the 
study  of  it  is  compulsory  !  I  verily  believe 
that  many  dare  not  even  to  suggest  such  a 
thing  ;  yet  why  should  we  not  value  our 
own  language  as  much  as  the  Greeks  valued 
theirs?  WALTER  W.  SKBAT. 

JOHN  WAINWRIGHT,  BARON  OF  THE  EX- 
CHEQUER IN  IRELAND  (9tn  S.  xii.  505). — Baron 
Wainwright  left  no  issue.  For  some  account 
of  the  baron's  life  in  Ireland  I  venture  to 
refer  MR.  J.  B.  WAINEWRIGHT  to  the  last  part 
published  of  'A  History  of  the  County 
Dublin,'  by  myself,  and  to  the  Journal  of 
the  Royal  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Ireland 
for  1898.  If  further  information  would  be 
of  any  use  to  MR.  WAINEWRIGHT,  my  manu- 
script notes  are  much  at  his  service. 

F.  ELRINGTON  BALL. 

Rous  OR  ROWSE  FAMILY  (9th  S.  xii.  487).— 
Information  as  to  this  family  will  be  found 
as  follows  :  *N.  &  Q.,'  1st  S.  ix.  222  ;  6th  S.  xi. 
328,  429;  East  Anglian  N.  <£  Q.  (N.S.),  iii. 
229,  247 ;  Seventh  Rep.  Hist.  Com.,  663 ; 
Rous  of  Badingham,  pedigree,  Add.  MSS. 
(Brit.  Mus.)  19,147  ;  arms  and  quarterings. 
Tanner  (MSS.  Bodleian),  cclvii.  239  ;  of  Crat- 
field,  Dennington,  and  Henham,  pedigrees, 
Add.  MSS.  (Brit.  Mus.)  19,147;  with  arms  in 
trick  (1561),  Rawl.  B  (Bodl.)  422 ;  of  Wood- 
bridge,  Burke's  'Landed  Gentry,'  1370; 
'  Archselogise  Attica?,'  by  Francis  Rous, 
Oxford,  1654;  Dr.  Rous's  verses  on  his  death, 
Magd.  Coll.,  Oxford,  ccxxxix.  79;  Joan 
Rous,  Baker  MSS.,  Cambridge,  xxxv.  end  ; 
etter  discharging  Adam  Rous,  surgeon  to 
Richard  II.,  of  20  marks  for  medicine  for  the 
jing's  use,  Cambridge,  Dd.  iii.  53  (140) ; 
.etter  allowing  him  a  tun  of  Gascony  wine, 
ib.  ;  letter  of  Lady  Parnell  Rous  to  Sir  John 
flobart  relative  to  wardship  of  her  son, 
12  Dec.,  1603,  Tanner,  cclxxxiii.  109;  'Diary 
of  John  Rous,  Incumbent  of  Santon,  Down- 
lam,  1625  to  1642,'  edited  by  M.  A.  E  Green 


56 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io<»  s.  i.  JAN.  10, 190*. 


(Cam.  Soc.),  Lond.,  1856 ;  letter  of  Sir  John 
Rous,  of  Heuham,  to  Franc.  Gawdy,  3  Mar., 
1627/8,  Tenth  Rep.  Hist.  Com.,  pt.  iii.  128 ; 
ditto,  5  Oct.,  1628,  ib.  131 ;  speech  of  Francis 
Rous    in     Parliament    concerning    religion, 
26  Jan.,  1628/9  (printed),  Tanner,  Ixxii.  305, 
ccxcix.   53 ;    letter    of   John    Rous,    Bodley 
Librarian,  to  Ussher,  14  Nov.,  1629,  ib.  Ixxi. 
21  ;  letter  of  Charles  Rous,  of  Henham,  to 
Franc.  Gawdy,  10  Jan.,  1629/30,  Tenth  Rep. 
Hist.  Com.,  pt.  iii.   132 ;  letter  of  Francis 
Rous    to    Sir   John   Potts,  30  Jan.,   1643/4, 
Tanner,  Ixii.  530 ;  his  declaration  concerning 
the    amount    of     his    income    from    public 
sources,  25  Aug.,  1646,  ib.  lix.  499  ;  letter  to  Sir 
Henry  Vane  touching  payment  of  Mr.  Pym's 
debts,  16  June,   1651  (printed),   ib.  liv.  87  ; 
letter  of    Thomas    Rous,   of    Sternfield,  to 
Franc.   Gawdy,   17  Aug.,   1654,  Tenth  Rep. 
Hist.  Com.,  pt.  iii.  179  ;  to  Thomas  Gawdy, 
3  April,  1668,  ib.  204 ;  copy  of  will  of  Francis 
Rous,  Provost  of  Eton,  12  April,  1658,  Tanner, 
ccccxlvii.  1 ;  difference  between  Thomas  Rous 
and  his  parishioners,  1668,  Tenth  Rep.  Hist. 
Com.,  pt.  iii.  203 ;  letter  of  Mary  Rous,  of 
Sternfield,  to  William  Gawdy,  8  May,  1656, 
ib.  184  ;  ditto,  20  July,  1658,  ib.  187  ;  letter  of 
Sir  John  Rous,  second  Baronet  of  Henham, 
to  O.  Le  Neve,  his  cousin,  1699-1704,  Egerton 
MSS.  (Brit.  Mus.)  2719,  2720 ;  letter  of  Sir 
John  to  R.  Wright,  s.a.,  ib.  2720  ;  letter  of 
J.  Rous  to  Marquess  of  Granby,  announcing 
nomination  for  county  and  declaration  of 
sheriff,  and  asking  for  concurrence,  6  Mar., 
1787,  Twelfth  Rep.  Hist.  Com.,  pt.  v.  293. 
Further  pedigrees  of  the  Rous  family  will  be 
found  in  the   Brit.   Mus.,  Add.   MSS.  5524, 
Harl.   MSS.   155,  1103,  1177,  1449,  1484,  1520, 
1560,  2109  ;  arms,  Harl.  MSS.  1449  ;  extracts 
from  fine  rolls  relating  to  family,  Add.  5937  ; 


Ambrose  Rouse's  evidences,  Queen's  Coll., 
Oxford,  clii.  138  ;  Francis  Rouse's  speeches 
in  Parliament,  1628,  Queen's,  cxxi.  406 
Christ  Ch.  Coll.,  Oxf.,  ccccxvii.  237 ;  Stowe 
MSS.  (Brit.  Mus.)  156,  f.  216b ;  in  1640 
Queen's,  clxxiv.  71.  A  pedigree  of  the  family 
is  given  by  Suckling  in  his  '  Hist,  of  Suffolk, 
vol.  ii.  p.  366. 

The  Reginald  Rous  secondly  mentioned  by 
your  correspondent  was  the  grandfather  o: 
the  Edmund  Rous  he  also  refers  to.    As  to 
the  death  of  this  Reginald,  or  Raynold,  o 
Reynold  Rous  in  1464,  it  will  be  seen  tha 
Suckling  gives  this  as  the  date  of  his  wife' 
death,  and  Weaver,  'F.  M.,'  p.  512,  gives  the 
date  as  1463.  W.  A.  COPINGER. 

Kersal  Cell,  Manchester. 

There  were  several  importantfamiliesof  this 
name,  seated  respectively  at  Dennington, 
Suffolk,  Halton,  Cornwall,  and  Rouse  Lench, 


Worcester.  Reginald  Rous  was  the  repre- 
sentative of  the  Dennington  family  in  the 
fifteenth  century ;  and  Sir  Thomas  Rous, 
who  was  knighted  in  1603,  was  his  lineal 
descendant.  They  were  ancestors  of  the 
Earls  of  Strad broke.  Full  particulars  of  the 
descent  may  be  found  in  Collins's  '  Peerage,' 
or  in  the  various  Visitations  of  Suffolk. 
Francis  Rous,  named  in  1637,  was  the  well- 
known  Speaker  of  the  Barebones  Parliament. 
He  was  fourth  son  of  Sir  Anthony  Rous,  of 
Halton,  Cornwall,  and  died  7  Jan.,  1659. 

W.  D.  PINK. 

[CANON   ELLAOOMBE,  Bitton  Vicarage,    Bristol, 
offers  to  give  MB.  UNDERDOWN  further  information.} 

CHILDREN'S  CAROLS  AND  LULLABIES  (9th  S. 
xii.  348,  395,  511).— Any  one  interested  in  this 
literature  would  do  well  to  peruse  the  articles 
in  7th  S.  ii.,  indexed  under  '  Nursery  Rhymes.' 
W.  P.  COURTNEY. 

QUOTATIONS  (9th  S.  xii.  468).— Two  of  the 
quotations  cited  appear  on  the  last  leaf  of 
;he  celebrated   Northumberland   MS.  edited 
jy  Mr.  Spedding  in  1870.    In  place  of  the 
[uotation 

Laden  with  grief  and  oppression  of  the  heart 
he  Northumberland  MS.  has 

Revealing  day  through  every  cranie  peepes, 
which  is  a  variation  of  '  Lucrece'  (1086). 
Then  follow,  as  already  noted, 
Asmund  and  Cornelia, 
and,  slightly  varied, 

Multis  annis  jam  transactis 
Nulla  fides  est  in  pactis, 
Mell  in  ore,  verba  lactis ; 
Fell  in  corde,  fraus  in  factis. 

Mr.  Spedding  said  :  "  I  think  I  am  in  a 
condition  to  assert  that  there  is  no  trace  of 
Bacon's  penmanship  in  any  part  of  the 


volume."  On  the  other  hand,  a  New  York 
lady  told  me  some  years  ago  that,  in  reply, 
to  an  inquiry,  she  had  received  a  letter  from 
the  librarian  of  Northumberland  House  in 
which  the  opinion  was  expressed  that  the 
handwriting  was  Bacon's.  Spedding's  opinion 
surely  should  have  great  weight.  It  is  to  be 
hoped  that  we  shall  learn  more  of  the  MS. 
mentioned  by  MR.  BURGOYNE. 

CHAS.  A.  HERPICH. 
New  York. 

RIGHT  HON.  EDWARD  SOUTHWELL  (10th  S. 
i.  8).— The  Southwell  MSS.  were  sold  by  the 
late  Mr.  Thorpe,  of  Bedford  Street,  in  1834-5, 
when  many  or  the  papers  were  purchased  by 
the  British  Museum.  Others  are  in  the 
possession  of  the  Royal  Irish  Academy.  Some 
fell  into  the  hands  of  Sir  Thomas  Phillipps, 
of  Broadway,  Worcester,  whose  library  came 
under  the  hammer  of  Messrs.  Sotheby  in  the 


i.  JAN-.  16,  loo*.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


nineties,  and  was  acquired  by  the  Cardiff  Free 
Library  for,  I  believe,  3,366£. ;  but  whether 
the  MSS.  were  included  or  otherwise  I  cannot 
say.  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

4  MEMOIRS  OF  A  STOMACH  '  (10th  S.  i.  27). — 
Halkett  and  Laing  state  that  Sydney  Whit- 
ing was  the  author  of  this  book  (1853) ;  also 
that  he  wrote  'Affection,  its  Flowers  and 
Fruit'  (1848),  and  'Helionde  ;  or,  Adventures 
in  the  Sun '(1855).  R.  A.  POTTS. 

[MR.  RALPH  THOMAS  refers  to  Boase's  '  Modern 
English  Biography,'  s.v.  Whiting.] 

ENVELOPES  (9th  S.  xii.  245,  397,  434,  490).— 
With  all  respect  to  CAPT.  THORNE  GEORGE,  I  fear 
that  his  statement  as  to  the  "  envelopes  dated 
1856  which  had  been  franked  through  the 
post  by  Lord  Fortescue"  and  others  needs 
some  modification.  Private  franking  was 
abolished  in  1840,  when  the  reformed  postal 
system  came  in,  though  the  practice  of 
writing  a  name  outside  a  letter — the  act 
which  constituted  the  frank — still  survives, 
as  do  other  habits  whose  original  meaning  is 
lost.  Nowadays  the  outside  signature  de- 
notes the  writer,  not  the  franker  of  the  mis- 
sive. CAPT.  THORNE  GEORGE'S  later  state- 
ment that  "stamped  covers"  were  used  in 
Australia  to  prepay  postage  "  previous  to 
Rowland  Hill's  scheme  '  must,  I  think,  have 
been  culled  from  one  of  those  works  of  fiction 
which  profess  to  tell  the  story  of  postal 
reform. 

That  letters  before  1840  sometimes  con- 
tained enclosures  is  true.  To  enclose  was 
easy.  The  letters  were  written  on  large 
square  sheets  of  paper,  which  were  folded 
and  made  secure  by  sealing-wax  or  wafers. 
At  every  post-office  was  a  "  candling  room," 
in  which  any  letter  that  seemed  thicker  than 
usual  was  held  up  against  a  strong  light  to 
ascertain  of  how  many  separate  pieces  it  con- 
sisted. It  was  to  defeat  temptation  to  dis- 
honesty caused  by  this  scrutiny  that  the 
practice  was  adopted  of  cutting  a  bank-note 
in  two  before  posting  it,  and  keeping  back 
the  second  half  till  receipt  of  the  first  had 
been  acknowledged.  A  bank-note  or  other 
enclosure  in  a  letter  would  have  counted  as 
two  letters,  and,  if  both  were  put  into  one 
envelope,  as  three.  Thus,  if  this  missive  with 
its  two  enclosures  were  sent,  say  from 
London  to  Edinburgh,  the  charge  would 
have  been  Is.  ±d.  X3  =  4s.  plus  a  halfpenny,  in 
those  Protectionist  days,  for  the  privilege  of 
crossing  the  Scottish  border. 

Unless  the  envelopes  mentioned  by  Swift 
in  1726,  by  Lamb  in  1825,  and  by  Creevey's 
biographer  prior  to  1838,  were  employed  to 
-cover  "smuggled"  letters  or  those  conveyed 


by  hand,  it  is  hard  to  understand  their  raison 
d'etre.  It  is  this  difficulty  which  bewilders 
one  when  reading  the  striking  and  seemingly 
exact  evidence  adduced  by  SIR  HERBERT 
MAXWELL,  CAPT.  THORNE  GEORGE,  and  MR. 
W.  H.  PEET  as  to  the  use  of  these  covers 
before  1840.  Can  it  be  that  the  "  little  bags 
called  envelopes,"  as  my  father  described 
them,  were,  as  CAPT.  THORNE  GEORGE  says, 
"nothing  but  a  revival"?  Or  must  the 
mystery  remain  as  insoluble  as  the  identity 
of  the  Man  in  the  Iron  Mask  ? 

An  interesting  account  may  be  found  of 
the  local  penny  posts  invented  by  poor  Dock- 
wra  (whose  plan  in  many  ways  resembled  my 
father's)  in  that  standard  work  on  prepostal- 
reformation  times— Joyce's  'History  of  the 
Post  Office.'  ELEANOR  C.  SMYTH. 

Harborne. 

At  the  last  reference  it  is  stated  that 
Edward  IV.  originated  a  practical  post  in 
1481.  I  should  like  to  know  whether  this 
statement,  which  I  have  met  with  before, 
rests  upon  any  sufficient  evidence.  The  same 
correspondent,  following  a  well-known  work 
of  reference,  says  that  Randolph  was  ap- 
pointed "Postmaster  of  England"  in  1581. 
Randolph  was  appointed  Master  of  the  Posts 
in  1566,  in  succession  to  Sir  John  Mason,  who 
was  appointed  in  November,  1545,  by  letters 
patent.  Mason's  predecessor,  Brian  Tuke, 
was  Master  of  the  Posts  in  1512,  and  perhaps 
earlier,  and  he  seems  to  have  been  the  first 
person  who  held  the  office  in  this  country. 

From  about  the  beginning  of  the  reign  of 
Henry  VIII.  there  were  posts  from  London 
to  Dover  and  to  Berwick,  and  later  in  the 
century  there  was  a  post  to  Holyhead  and 
to  other  places.  But  these  were  the  king's 
post  for  the  conveyance  of  letters  on  his 
affairs,  or  of  persons  travelling  with  his 
commission,  or  the  commission  of  certain 
officers  of  the  State.  When  ordinary  private 
letters  were  first  sent  by  post  is  a  question 
more  easily  asked  than  answered.  The 
Privy  Council  as  late  as  January,  1583,  laid 
down,  inter  alia,  in  a  proclamation,  "  that 
no  packets  or  letters  shall  be  sufficient 
warrant  or  authority  to  constrain  the  posts 
to  run  with  them  in  post,  except  they  be 
directed  on  her  Majesty's  affairs."  The 
letters  of  private  persons  were,  no  doubt, 
sent  by  post,  but  had  to  take  their  chance  of 
being  forwarded.  Private  letters  were,  as  a 
rule,  entrusted  to  the  common  carriers. 

J.  A.  J.  HOUSDEN. 

The  following  citations  would  seem  to 
indicate  the  use  of  the  envelope,  or  its 
practical  equivalent  the  "  cover,"  for  a  period 


58 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        uo<»s.i.  JA.V.  16,190*. 


of  over  a  century  prior  to  the  postal  reform 
of  Sir  Rowland  Hill  in  1840  :— 

1829.—"  I  have  just  discovered  that  my  blotting 
paper  blots,  and  blots  with  great  effect,  which 
must  excuse  the  state  of  this  epistle.  I  now  con- 
clude it.  1  do  not  overlook  what  you  said  in  your 
envelope,  but  we  will  talk  over  grievances  when  we 
meet.  I  am  truly  sorry  for  them.  Adieu." — 
'  Letters  of  Lady  Louisa  Stuart,'  Second  Series, 
p.  150  (Edinburgh,  1903). 

1822. — "  I  did  grudge  the  other  day  eighteen- 
pence  for  one  page  of  a  sheet  of  note  paper  enclosed 
in  a  cover,  but  give  me  the  money's  worth  and  take 
it  freely." — '  Letters  of  Lady  Louisa  Stuart,'  First 
Series,  pp.  265-6  (Edinburgh,  1901). 

1821.—"  If  he  should  have  left  you,  never  mind  a 
frank  ;  but  if  he  does  frank  your  letter,  let  it  be  in 
a  cover.  You  will  wonder  at  this,  but  I  promised 
a  collector  of  franks  whom  I  met  at  Danesfield  to 
gather  together  as  many  franks  as  I  could  for  him, 
and  I  want  Sir  Wm.'s  to  add  to  the  number." — 
Ibid.,?.  194. 

1782.—"  Mr.  Napier  begs  his  best  compts.  to  you 
both.  I  won't  make  you  pay  more  for  my  stupid 
letter  by  putting  it  in  a  cover,  so  adieu." — '  Letters 
of  Lady  Sarah  Lennox,'  ii.  17  (London,  1901). 

1730,  Dean  Swift  to  Mrs.  Howard. — "  If  you  were 
a  lord  or  commoner,  I  would  have  sent  you  this  in 
an  envelope." — '  Letters  of  the  Countess  of  Suffolk,' 
i.  403  (London.  1824). 

1726,  Dean  Swift  to  Mrs.  Howard.— "  This  is 
without  a  cover,  to  save  money  ;  and  plain  paper, 
because  the  gilt  is  so  thin  it  will  discover  secrets 
betwixt  us." — Ibid.,  p.  221. 

The  'N.E.D.'  cites  for  early  examples  of 
envelope,  1726,  Dean  Swift,  and  1714,  Bishop 
Burnet ;  and  for  cover,  1798,  Jane  Austen, 
and  1748,  Samuel  Richardson. 

E.  P.  MERRITT. 

Boston,  U.S. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

New  Amsterdam  and  its  People.    By  J.  H.  Innes. 

(Scribner's  Sons.) 

THIS  survey  of  New  Amsterdam,  now  known  as 
New  York,  is  compiled  from  documents  in  Ame- 
rican archives,  most  of  which,  so  far  as  the  general 
public  is  concerned,  are  now  for  the  first  time  made 
accessible.  It  has  inspired  much  interest  in  Ame- 
rica, but  has  as  yet  obtained  comparatively  little 
notice  in  this  country,  wherein  it  should  count  on 
a  welcome  no  less  assured.  It  is  virtually  the  first 
attempt  to  deal  fully  with  the  growth  of  the 
Netherlands  colony,  the  settlement  of  Manhattan 
island,  and  the  fortunes  of  the  colonists  in  their 
sufferings  from  tyrannical  governors  and  their  con- 
tests with  enemies,  savage  or  civilized,  until,  in 
1664,  the  State  was  grasped  by  England,  who  had 
long  cast  covetous  eyes  upon  it.  A  new  edition  is 
meditated  by  the  author,  and  it  is  greatly  desired 
to  interest  English  research  in  the  matter.  Many 
points  on  which  further  information  is  sought 
may  be  mentioned.  Mr.  Innes  is  of  opinion 
that  the  William  Paterson  who  in  1668  acquired 
property  in  New  Amsterdam  was  the  founder  of 
the  Bank  of  England.  This  can  hardly  have  been 


the  case  if  the  dates  in  the  '  D.N.B.'  can  be  accepted, 
since,  according  to  these,  Paterson  was  born  in  1658. 
Further  information  on  the  subject  is  desirable. 
The  evidence  of  signatures  favours  the  theory  of 
Mr.  Innes.  Edinburgh  records  should  be  consulted. 
Fresh  information  is  imparted  concerning  Capt. 
William  Kidd,  and  the  view  is  expounded  that  he 
was  sacrificed  in  order  to  save  the  reputation  of 
men  higher  in  station  than  himself.  When  this 
period  is  reached  in  calendaring  the  English  State 
Papers,  much  information  on  this  point  is  to  be 
anticipated.  Concerning  Jacob  Steendam,  a  Dutch 
poet  in  the  service  of  the  West  India  Company, 
new  information  has  been  obtained.  As  ne  is 
virtually  the  first  American  poet,  interest  in 
him  is  certain  to  be  before  long  inspired.  How 
far  his  works,  which  we  are  unable  to  read,  are 
accessible  we  fail  to  grasp.  Cornells  Melyn,  of 
Antwerp,  the  leader  of  the  opposition  to  the  West 
India  Company,  transferred  his  services  to  Eng- 
land. Speculation  is  rife  in  New  York  as  to 
what  was  his  share  in  bringing  about  the  English 
seizure  of  New  York.  It  is  probable  that  informa- 
tion on  this  subject  is  lurking  among  English 
records.  Augustyn  Heermans  or  Herrman,  the 
surveyor  of  Maryland  and  the  maker  of  the  map 
of  that  province  now  in  the  British  Museum,  a 
man  interesting  in  other  respects,  invites  atten- 
tion. Little  intelligent  regard  has  hitherto  been 
paid  to  the  early  views  of  New  York.  Mr.  Innes 
claims  to  have  been  the  first  to  discover  that  the 
view  by  Justus  Danckers  of  New  Amsterdam,  nomi- 
nally in  1651,  but  really  representing  the  period 
about  1630,  which  serves  as  a  frontispiece,  is  in  the 
original  reversed.  In  these  and  many  other  regards 
we  challenge  the  judgment  of  English  experts.  We 
are  glad  to  give  Mr.  Innes  all  the  assistance  in  our 
power.  Little,  however,  will,  we  fear,  be  done 
until  Mr.  Innes  associates  some  English  scholar  in 
labours  that  should  ultimately  prove  remunerative, 
or  himself  visits  Britain  for  the  purpose  of  making 
personal  researches.  His  book  appeals  to  all 
students  of  New  York,  and  is  profusely  illustrated 
with  maps,  drawings,  &c.  Ihe  designs  extend 
beyond  New  Amsterdam  to  the  present  city,  which 
the  Dutch  colonists  of  three  centuries  ago  might 
justly  have  regarded  as  a  metropolis,  a  term  con- 
stantly abused  in  its  application  to  London,  which 
is  no  more  the  metropolis  of  York  than  it  is  of 
Edinburgh  or  Dublin. 

THE  few  sheets  of  paper  which  contain  the  title- 
page,  Elegia  Graiana,  in  Coemeterio  Burali  script  a. 
Latine  rcddidit  W.  A.  Clarke  (Oxford,  B.  H.  Black- 
well),  are  of  interest  to  us  as  a  reminder  that  the 
elegant  gift  of  Latin  verse  has  not  yet  passed  into 
the  limbo  of  forgotten  things.  For  those  with  taste 
and  the  instinct  for  language  Latin  can  be  a  living 
instrument,  can  make  privacy  on  a  postcard,  neat- 
ness out  of  prolixity,  tnings  awkward  to  say  toler- 
able, and  compliments  epigrammatic.  The  Latin 
muse  is  not,  our  own  experience  protests,  such  a  rox 
damantis  in  dtxerto  as  the  man  in  the  street  (that 
wonderful  fiction  of  modern  journalists  to  conceal 
faults  of  sense  and  ignorance)  thinks,  if.  indeed, 
he  can  be  said  ever  to  think  at  all.  We  have 
received,  for  instance,  in  a  Latin  verse  or  two  an 
invitation  from  a  friend  to  dine  and  play  billiards, 
as  exact  as  English  could  be  concerning  time  and 
place,  graceful,  yet  brief  as  the  telegram  which  the 
national  thrift  in  copper  generally  reduces  to  un- 
intelligibility. 


s.i.  JAN.  16, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


59 


It  is  curious  to  note  how  great  men  of  letters 
who  have  any  Latin  at  all  are  almost  invariably  so 
fond  of  it  that  they  write  more  of  it  than  they 
know — witness  Shakespeare,  Scott,  Lamb.  These 
were  in  touch  with  life,  no  mere  dons  or  academic 
minds,  hard-working  men,  good  citizens  of  the 
world,  and  their  feeling  and  usage  ought  to  weigh 
with  educators  of  to-day. 

So  far  we  have  spoken  of  Latin  as  a  thing  desired 
in  itself  by  our  great  writers.  Classical  transla- 
tion is  a  more  restricted  field,  and  at  its  best  an 
excellent  mental  discipline.  Mr.  Clarke,  who  has 
been  assisted,  his  title-page  adds,  by  friends  in  the 
revision  of  his  work,  tells  us  in  a  letter  that  the 
'  Elegy'  has  been  done  into  Latin  by  W.  Hildyard, 
1838;  J.  H.  Macaulay,  1841,  in  '  Arundines  Cami'; 
Lord  Ravensworth  ;  H.  Sewell,  1875 ;  H.  J.  Dod- 
well,  1884 ;  Rev.  R.  B.  Kennard,  1892 ;  and  Canon 
Sheringham,  1901.  He  does  not,  however,  mention 
the  version  in  Latin  hexameters  by  B.  H.  Kennedy 
('Sabrinae  Corolla,'  fourth  ed.,  pp.  197-202).  Mr. 
Clarke,  it  is  clear,  belongs  to  the  older  school, 
which  is  not  so  careful  of  its  Latinity  as  modern 
composers  are.  He  has,  en  revanche,  a  naturalness, 
a  free  flow  of  line,  which  their  elaborateness  is  apt 
to  miss.  We  readily  acknowledge  that  his  version 
has  given  us  a  pleasure  which  outweighs  the  points 
in  which  we  think  it  amiss,  or  capable  of  better 
effect  and  idiom.  One  line  we  entreat  him  to  re- 
model which  has  dare  in  it,  since  we  are  bound  to 
shorten  the  first  syllable  of  that  useful  verb.  In 
the  line 

For  them  no  more  the  blazing  hearth  shall  burn 
there  is  a  subjunctive  instead  of  the  future ;  and 
can  one  forget  the  "lisping"  of  the  children  on 
"  their  sire's  return  "  ?    One  might  put 

Heu  !  fesso  suboles  occurret  nulla  parent! 
for  the  line 

Nee  fesso  suboles  occurret  balba  parenti. 
We  see  that  Mr.  Clarke  uses  "  neve"  for  nor,  which 
we  should  not  allow  ourselves  ;  and  does  not  "  cursus 
Honoris "  suggest  a  limited  and  technical  path  to 
glory  in  Roman  life  ?  We  notice,  too,  a  good  many 
collocations  of  noun  and  adjective  with  the  same 
case  ending,  which  we  fancy  one  would  have  avoided 
— e.g.,  in  a  line  like 

In  silvis  solitis  sunt  patefacta  locis 
would  not  sitm  sound  better  and  be  as  good  ?  In 
this  same  stanza  "  juvenum  "  is  an  evident  misprint 
for  jurenem.  In  some  cases  it  would  be  feasible, 
we  think,  to  represent  the  English  more  fully ;  but 
these  are  matters  of  taste  and  vocabulary  on  which 
it  is  impossible  to  dwell  briefly.  Suffice  it  to  say 
that  the  present  reviewer  owes  to  Mr.  Clarke  a 
pleasant  afternoon  of  reflection  on  a  secluded  path 
of  scholarship  which  he  has  followed  with  unabated 
interest  and  delight  for  many  years,  and  which  he 
hopes  will  never  cease  to  be  a  special  means  of 
intercourse  among  the  few  and  fit,  however  the 
mutable  many  rage  of  this  and  that  as  a  panacea 
for  getting  on  in  this  money-making  era. 

No.  x.  of  the  Burlinrjton  Maga:ine  is  issued  under 
new  management,  though  time  has  not  yet  been 
found  to  introduce  contemplated  improvements. 
Its  most  important  illustrations  are  from  the  Nor- 
manton  Collection  (article  3),  and  include  Vandyke's 
'Lady  Mary,  Daughter  of  Charles  I.,'  which  does 
duty  as  frontispiece  ;  a  '  Venus  and  Adonis '  of 
Titian  ;  a  portrait  of  Sophie  Arnauld(qy.  Arnould?) 


by  Greuze,  and  two  other  works  of  the  same  painter ; 
and  Murillo's  '  Moorish  Slave.'  A  Chinese  painting 
of  the  fourth  century  and  many  other  contributions 
of  much  interest  and  value  appear,  it  seems  as  if 
the  alterations  to  be  anticipated  consist  in  giving 
increased  attention  to  modern  as  well  as  ancient 
art. 

Ax  admirable  number  of  Scribner's  Magazine 
reached  us  too  late  to  be  inserted  in  last  week's 
notice.  Capt.  Mahan  begins  in  it  an  account,  to  be 
continued,  of  'The  WTar  of  1812.'  Mr.  Spielmann 
writes  on  Frank  Brangwyn,  and  Mr.  Dellenbaugh 
describes  '  A  New  Valley  of  Wonders.' 


BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES. 

MR.  BERTRAM  DOBELI/S  list  is,  as  usual,  full  of 
interest.  It  opens  with  a  collection  of  manuscripts. 
The  first  is  '  A  Bpoke  of  the  Accomptes  of  Barton, 
made  at  our  Ladie  Daie,  Anno  Dmi.  1611.'  Another 
MS.  is  '  A  Relation  made  by  an  English  Ambas- 
sador in  France  to  James  I.'  There  are  also  '  Un- 
printed  and  Unpublished  Manuscripts  of  Rowleie 
Plays.'  These  were  referred  to  in  the  Athenantm, 
21  May,  1892;  also  in  '  N.  &  Q.,'  2nd  S.  vii.  277. 
Among  the  books  are  a  Folio  Shakespeare,  excep- 
tionally fine  copy  of  unusual  size  (13&  by  9  in.), 
135/. ;  Byron's  '  Hours  of  Idleness,'  large-paper  copy 
of  the  genuine  first  edition,  uncut,  25^.  (a  copy  of 
this  sold  at  Sotheby's  in  May  last  for  43/.);  Folk- 
lore Society's  Publications,  31  vols. ;  Keats,  first 
edition,  12mo  ;  and  '  Dramatic  Portraits  in  the  Days 
of  Garrick' (this  collection  contains  nine  portraits 
of  Garrick).  Under  Dickens  we  find  a  collection 
of  pamphlets,  evidently  bound  up  by  direction  of 
the  novelist. 

Mr..  William  Downing,  of  Temple  Row,  Bir- 
mingnam,  in  his  new  list  includes  the  rare  first 
edition  of  '  Paradise  Regain'd,'  a  fine  copy  bound 
by  Zaehnsdorf,  30/.  ;  also  'The  Nuremberg  Chro- 
nicle,' 1493 ;  '  The  Orchid  Album,'  11  vols. ;  "  Tudor 
Translations,"  26  vols.,  1893-1903,  4QL  ;  '  Armorial 
Families,1  by  Fox-Daviea,  showing  which  arms  ia 
use  are  borne  by  legal  authority  ;  '  The  Roman 
Wall,'  by  the  Rev.  J.  Collingwood  Bruce,  1851  ^ 
Brough's  '  Life  of  Falstaff,'  illustrated  by  Cruik- 
shank,  1858 ;  Maxwell's  '  Irish  Rebellion,'  first 
edition,  Cruikshank's  illustrations  ;  Poole's  '  Eng- 
lish Parnassus,'  1657 ;  Prayer  Book  of  King 
Edward  VII.,  folio,  1903;  Rogers's  'Italy,'  2  vols. 
4to,  1838,  bound  by  Hayday,  81.  8*. ;  and  Shaw's- 
'  Dresses  of  the  Middle  Ages,'  1843. 

Mr.  Francis  Edwards  has  a  collection  of  first 
editions  of  modern  authors ;  and  under  Africa  we 
find  many  interesting  pamphlets  and  books  on  the 
Boer  war,  helpful  to  the  future  historian.  He  has 
also  a  series  of  papers  from  the  Society  of  Anti- 
quaries. In  the  general  portion  of  the  catalogue  is 
Sir  F.  E.  Eden's  '  History  of  the  Labouring  Classes. 
from  the  Conquest,'  3  vols.  4to,  very  scarce,  1797,. 
107. ;  Froissart,  6  vols.,  1901-2,  scarce,  51. ;  Pierce 
Egan,  1825,  01.  10*. ;  first  editions  of  Coleridge  ^ 
Rymer  et  Robertus  Sanderson,  Foedera,  20  vols., 
1727-34,  15J. ;  Punch,  a  complete  set,  1841  to  1902, 
26/.  Mr.  Edwards  also  makes  a  special  offer  of  pub- 
lications of  the  Royal  Geographical  Society.  He. 
has  a  complete  set,  36£. 

Messrs.  Fawn,  of  Bristol,  have  many  works 
relating  to  Bristol,  including  '  A  History  of  Bank- 
ing in  Bristol  from  1750  to  1899 '  and  the  Bristol 


6.0 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io* s. i.  JA.V. 


Archaeological  Society's  Transactions.  '  Book-Prices 
Current,'  1887  to  1895;  "Haddon  Hall  Library,' 
large  paper  ;  '  National  Gallery  of  Pictures,'  1840 
Emerson,  the  "  Riverside  Edition,"  151.  15*.  ;  anc 
Rowlandson's  '  Dance  of  Death,'  Ackermann, 
1815-16,  are  other  items.  Under  America  we  fine 
the  first  edition  of  '  Uncle  Tom's  Cabin.'  There  is 
also  a  small  collection  of  books  on  the  drama. 

Mr.  Charles  Higham  has  a  New  Year's  Catalogue 
of  Theological  Books  in  three  sections,  one  being 
devoted  to  Roman  Catholic  and  Patristic  litera- 
ture. There  are  also  a  number  of  new  books  offered 
at  second-hand  prices.  These  include  Prothero's 
'Life  of  Dean  Stanley';  'An  Inventory  of  the 
Church  Plate  of  Leicestershire,  with  some  Account 
of  the  Donors ' ;  Principal  Tulloch's  '  Life,'  by 
Mrs.  Oliphant ;  Wilkinson's  '  Manners  and  Customs 
of  the  Ancient  Egyptians';  and  Wright's  'Early 
Bibles  of  America?  New  York,  1892. 

Mr.  James  Irvine,  of  Fulham,  has  books  of 
interest  under  Alpine,  America,  Bibliography, 
Botanical,  Fungi,  Lichens,  and  Military.  There 
are  also  a  set  of  Bohn's  extra  volumes  and  books  on 
London.  Under  Costumes  is  a  copy  of  '  Vestiarium 
•Scoticum,'  11.  la. 

Mr.  David  Johnstone,  of  Edinburgh,  has  a  good 
.catalogue  of  antiquarian  and  general  literature, 
including  prints  by  Cruikshank  and  some  first 
editions  of  Scott. 

Messrs.  Maggs  Brothers'  list  includes  a  rare 
•  collection  of  the  works  of  the  Bohemian  engraver 
Wenceslaus  Hollar,  1607-77,  34?.  ;  Keane's  '  Towers 
of  Ancient  Ireland ' ;  a  complete  set  of  Lady  Jack- 
son's Court  Memoirs,  14  vols.,  beautifully  bound  by 
Riviere,  36/. ;  Richard  Jefferies's  works,  a  hand- 
some set,  in  27  vols ,  25/. ;  Jerrold's  works,  with 
four  autograph  notes  of  the  author,  8  vols.  Under 
Samuel  Johnson  we  find  Jugge's  edition  (1566)  of  the 
New  Testament,  containing  six  full  pages  of  writing 
in  the  autograph  of  Dr.  Johnson,  the  price  of  the 
volume  being  100/.  ;  the  scarce  edition  of  Boswell, 
1793,  also  Husbands' s  'Miscellany  of  Poems,'  Lich- 
field,  1731  (this  contains  the  first  printed  production 
of  Johnson).  Ben  Jonson's  works,  1640,  tall  copy, 
is  priced  19/.  19*. ;  Keats,  Taylor  &  Hessey,  1820,  251. ; 
a  collection,  probably  the  largest,  of  portraits  of 
Edmund  Kean,  270  pieces,  2507. ;  Hasted's  'Kent,' 
24?.  ;  Kip's  '  Nouveau  Theatre  de  la  Grande  Bre- 
tagne,'  4  vols.  large  folio,  381. ;  a  set  of  Lacroix, 
first  issue;  a  handsome  set  of  Lecky,  18  vols.  ; 
'  Punch's  Pocket-Books,'  1844-80 ;  Lever's  works, 
53  vols.,  1839-72,  162?.  ;  a  set  of  Lytton's  works, 
including  Life,  105  vols.,  771.  10*. ;  Tennyson, 
'Poems  by  Two  Brothers,'  1827,  30/.;  Shelley's 
'  Queen  Mab,'  a  complete  copy  of  the  suppressed 
first  edition,  post  8vo,  in  the  original  boards, 
"Printed  by  P.  B.  Shelley,  23,  Chapel  Street, 
Grosvenor  Sq.,  1813,"  1351.  (the  last  copy  sold  by 
auction  realized  1667.).  Under  Ruskin  we  find 
"Poems,  J.  R.,  collected  1850,"  781.  (this  copy  is 
described  in  Mr.  Wise's  bibliography  of  Ruskin). 
The  catalogue  includes  many  curious  MSS. 

Messrs.  A.  Maurice  &  Co.  have  a  new  catalogue 
of  engravings  and  portraits  at  moderate  prices, 
very  interesting ;  also  a  general  catalogue  of 
modern  books.  These  comprise  some  first  editions 
of  Dickens,  '  Master  Humphrey's  Clock '  in  the 
twenty  original  parts,  1840-1,  being  offered  at 
'31.  18*.  Oil. ;  Justin  McCarthy's  works,  including 
'  Reminiscences,'  13  vols. ;  also  Macaulay  in  the 
original  large-type  editions. 


Messrs.  Sotheran  have  a  good  plan  of  dating  their 
catalogues,  which  we  should  recommend  other  firms 
to  follow.  The  one  for  the  9th  inst.  has  just 
reached  us,  and  contains  a  variety  of  books  in 
literature,  science,  and  art.  Among  special  items 
of  interest  are  a  set  of  the  'Annual  Register,'  1758 
to  1902,  3\l.  10*  ;  '  Library  of  Anglo-Catholic  Theo- 
logy,' 88  vols.,  1841-67,  at  the  low  price  of  41.  10*.  ; 
Duval's  'Caricatures,'  a  very  curious  collection, 


voijr  io.it,  ijiiutou  ai>  i/iic  vjiuuupion  x  ress,  — /I, 
Strand,  1822,  221.  10*. ;  Lodge's  'Portraits,'  1821-34, 
501.  ;  Lysons's  '  Historical  Account  of  the  Environs 
of  London,'  1796,  420^.  ;  Jean  Mariette's  '  French 
Ornament,'  1689-1740,  70/. ;  and  Pipe  Roll  publica- 
tions, 1884-97-  There  are  also  a  number  of  valuable 
books  relating  to  Yorkshire. 

Mr.  Thorp,  of  Reading,  has  many  recent  pur- 
chases: Ackermann's  'History  of  the  University 
of  Cambridge,'  1815, 121.  10*.  ;  some  books  on  Africa ; 
Australia,  a  long  list ;  also  many  books  on  local 
topography  and  antiquities,  including  a  choice 
copy  of  Ashmole ;  a  set  of  Borrow's  works,  first 
and  second  editions,  13  vols.,  11.  10*. ;  first  editions 
of  Miss  Burney's  works ;  Burton's  '  Anatomy  of 
Melancholy,'  fourth  edition  ;  a  set  of  Dickens,  first 
and  early  editions ;  Hogarth,  Leicester  Fields, 
1735-58  ;  Home's  '  Orion,'  1843  ;  Badeslade's  '  Kent,' 
thirty-six  views  of  noblemen's  seats  ;  Seguin,  '  La 
Dentelle,'  Paris.  1875,  12/.  10*. ;  '  Mezzotint  Por- 
traits,' Henry  VIII.  to  end  of  James  II.,  by  Earlom 
and  Turner,  1811;  Nichols's  '  Literary  Anecdotes,' 
17  vols,  81.  8*. ;  Blomefield's  'Norfolk,'  11  vols., 


The  Last  Trek,'  Sir  John  Millais's  last  pencil 
drawing) ;  Thackeray,  the  Britannia,  a  weekly 
journal  of  news,  politics,  and  literature,  from 
January,  1840,  to  December,  1849,  9  vols.  folio, 
extremely  rare.  The  catalogue  also  contains  a  list 
of  curious  topographical  views. 


ijtts  iff 


M.  H.  E.  W.  ("Raining  cats  and  dogs").  —  In 
2nd  S.  iii.  440  "  cats  and  dogs  "  is  said  to  be  a  cor- 
ruption of  catadoupe,  French  for  waterfall  ;  and  in 
519  of  /caro.  So£as=contrary  to  belief,  which  is  said 
;o  be  a  "  natural  Romaic  expression  "  at  2nd  S.  xii. 
298.  See  further  2nd  S.  xii.  380  for  a  longer  version 
of  the  phrase. 

C.  L.  S.  ("Ships  that  pass  in  the  night").  — 
Longfellow,  'Tales  of  a  Wayside  Inn'  (part  iii., 

The  Theologian's  Tale,'  'Elizabeth,'  canto  iv.). 
This  inquiry,  often  answered  in  our  columns,  recurs 
with  irritating  persistency. 

G.  S.—  Already  noted. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
;p  "  The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'"  —  Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
lisher" —  at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  E.G. 

We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
communications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do  not 
print  ;  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


.i.  JAN.  16, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


BOOKSELLERS'    CATALOGUES    (JANUARY). 


A.  RUSSELL  SMITH, 

24,  GREAT  WINDMILL  STREET,  LONDON,  W. 
(Close  to  Piccadilly  Circus). 

OLD  ENGLISH    LITERATURE, 

TOPOGRAPHY,  GENEALOGY,    TRACTS,   PAM- 
PHLETS, and  OLD  BOOKS  on  many  Subjects. 

ENGRAVED  PORTRAITS  AND  COUNTY 
ENGRAVINGS. 

CATALOGUES  post  free. 


LEIGHTON'S 

CATALOGUE  OF  EARLY  PRINTED  AND 
OTHER  INTERESTING  BOOKS,  MANU- 
SCRIPTS, AND  BINDINGS. 

Part  I.,  containing  A— B,  with  120  Illustration*,  price  4s. 
Part  II.,  C,  with  220  Illustrations,  price  3*. 

Parts  III.— V.,  D-M,  with  380  Illustrations  in  Facsimile, 
price  2s,  each. 

J.    &    J.    LEIGHTON, 

40,  BREWER  STREET,  GOLDEN  SQUARE,  W. 


A.    MAURICE    &    CO., 

Ancient  and  IVfodern  Booksellers  and 
Printsellers, 

23,  BEDFORD  STREET,  STRAND,  LONDON. 

MONTHLY  CATALOGUES  of  Fine  Books 
and  Engravings  post  free  on  application. 

The  following  just  published :— Nos.  138  and  140,  New 
Series.  Finely  ENGRAVED  PORTRAITS,  including  many 
Mezzotints,  and  LONDON  ENGRAVINGS.  Nos.  136-140, 
EXTRA-ILLUSTRATED  BOOKS,  Standard  Books  in  fine 
Bindings,  FRENCH  MEMOIRS,  DRAMA,  TRAVELS, 
and  many  out-of-the-way  items. 

BOOKS  BOUGHT  FOR  CASH, 

From  a  Library  to  a  Single  Volume. 


NEW  CATALOGUE  NOW  READY. 

Contains — 

Fine  and  Genuine  Old  Prints  in  Colour  and  Black,  compris- 
ing fine  Examples  by  Hoppner,  Hamilton,  Alken,  Reynolds, 
Morland,  Peters,  Opie,  &c.— a  good  Series  of  the  Arundel 
Society's  Chromolithographs— fine  Collection  of  Books  on 
India  and  the  East-Kxtra-illustrated  Books— good  Library 
Sets  of  Standard  Authors  -Picture  Galleries  and  other  Illus- 
trated Books— and  a  vast  Assemblage  of  Voyages,  Bio- 
graphical and  Historical  Works,  and  other  interesting  items. 

Gratis  and  post  free  on  application  to 

JAMES   ROCHE,  Bookseller, 

38,  NEW  OXFORD  STREET,  LONDON. 


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io*  s.  i.  JAN.  23,  low.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


61 


LOiVDOX,  SATURDAY,  JANUARY  !3,  130'*. 


CONTENTS. -No.  4. 

NOTES  :— Lamb,  Coleridge,  and  Mr.  May,  61— St.  Margaret's 
Churchyard,  Westminster,  62— "Squaw":  "Mahala,"  64 
—  Weather  on  25  January  —  Smothering  Hydrophobia 
Patients— Charles  I. :  Historical  Letter,  65— Mistletoe  in 
Church,  66. 

QUERIES  :— Thomas  Stradling— Sir  Henry  Chauncy,  66— 
St.  Agnes,  Haddington  —  Picture  by  Frith — "Lost  in  a 
convent's  solitary  gloom" — Rev.  C.  E.  Manning— Werdens 
Abbey  —  Cardigan  Surname— Eev.  Obadiah  Denman  — 
Samuel  Wilderspin — Inscription  on  Statue  of  James  II. — 
William  Willie— Forest  Family— Frost  and  its  Forms,  67 — 
Shelley's  Mother  —  British  Embassy  in  Paris  —  Robert 
Morris— Flesh  and  Shamble  Meats  —  J.  W.  Dornford — 
Mimes  of  Herondas — Pepys's  '  Diary '  :  a  Reference,  68. 

REPLIES  :—  Madame  du  Deffand's  Letters,  68  —  Excom- 
munication of  Louis  XIV. — Epitaph—  Heber's  '  Palestine,' 
69  —  Sadler's  Wells  Play  —  Churchwardens'  Accounts  — 
Topography  of  Ancient  London—"  Jeer  " — "  Little  Mary  " 
—"Welsh  rabbit"  — St.  Bridget's  Bower,  70 -Cardinals 
and  Crimson  Robes  —  Earliest  Playbill— "Owl-light "— 
Castle  Society  of  Musick,  71— St.  Dials— Bishop  Hall,  of 
Bristol  —  Ash  :  Place-name  —  Brightlingsea  -.  its  Deputy 
Mayor — English  Accentuation — Cromwell  buried  in  Red 
Lion  Square,  72  —  Capsicum-  Bishop  White  Kennett's 
Father— Flaying  Alive,  73  — Vicissitudes  of  Language— 
"  God  "  :  its  Etymology,  74 — Marlowe  and  Shakespeare — 
Candlemas  Gills—"  Coup  de  Jarnac  "— "  Sit  loose  to  " — 
Marriage  Registers—"  Heardlome  "  :  "  Heech  "—Japanese 
Cards,  75 — Lorenzo  da  Pavia— Shakespeare's  "  Virtue  of 
necessity" — King  Edgar's  Blazon— "  Going  the  round"  : 
•'  Roundhouse,"  76— Sleeping  King  Arthur— Little  Wild 
Street  Chapel—"  Red  rag  to  a  bull  " — Euchre,  77. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :-Mantzius's  'History  of  Theatrical 
Art '— '  New  English  Dictionary '  —  Fenn's  '  Memoir  of 
B.  F.  Stevens ' — Oxford  Miniature  Shakespeare — Minia- 
ture Series  of  Musicians  —  Clergy  Directory — Chart  of 
Oxford  Printing. 


LAMB,  COLERIDGE,  AND  MR.  MAY. 
1.  THE  earliest  of  Charles  Lamb's  extant 
letters — it  is  dated  27  May,  1796,  and  is 
addressed  to  Coleridge  at  Bristol— opens 
with  an  allusion  that  has  puzzled  the  editors. 
"Dear  Coleridge,"  writes  Lamb,  "make  your- 
self perfectly  easy  about  May.  I  paid  his 

bill  when  I  sent  your  clothes Give  your- 

self  no  further  concern  about  it.  The  money 
would  be  superfluous  to  me  if  I  had  it." 
Who  was  May  ?  Canon  Ainger's  note  ignores 
the  question,  while  his  index  confounds  the 
May  of  Letter  i.  with  Southey's  friend  and 
correspondent  John  May,  with  whom,  how- 
ever, we  know  that  Lamb  did  not  become 
acquainted  until,  in  the  summer  of  1797,  the 
two  met  under  Southey's  roof  at  Burton, 
near  Christ  Church,  Hampshire.  Mr.  W. 
Carew  Hazlitt,  in  his  pleasant  off-hand 
fashion,  tells  us  that  the  bill  Lamb  refers  to 
was  "a  tailor's  account  for  151."  "It  will,1' 
he  adds,  "  be  mentioned  again."  Lamb  does, 
indeed,  revert  to  the  transaction  more  than 
once,  only,  it  need  hardly  be  said,  to  make  light 
of  it,  and  to  repudiate  the  notion  of  repay- 
ment. The  amount  of  the  bill  Mr.  Hazlitt 
apparently  arrives  at  through  the  assump- 
tion (probably  correct)  that  it  is  to  this 


rather  than  to  some  subsequent  transaction 
that  Lamb  refers  in  the  letter  to  Coleridge 
dated  11  October,  1802,  when  he  writes  : — 
"As  to  the  fantastic  debt  of  I5L,  I'll  think 
you  were  dreaming,  and  not  trouble  myself 
seriously  to  attend  to  you."  Lastly,  Mr. 
William  Macdonald,  the  latest  editor  of  the 
'  Letters,'  merely  observes  here  that "  Mr.  May 
seems  to  have  been  a  tailor."  Such  is  the 
modest  total  of  editorial  illumination  vouch- 
safed to  us  on  this  obscure  point.  Let  us 
collect  the  several  references  in  the  letters 
to  May  and  his  bill,  and  see  if  we  cannot  in 
this  way  obtain  a  clue  to  his  identity. 

2.  In  Letter  ii. — undated,   but  probably 
written  on  31  May,  1796 — Lamb  writes  :   "  I 
have  one  more  favour  to  beg  of  you,  that  you 
never  mention  Mr.  May's  affair  in  any  sort, 
much  less  think  of  repaying.    Are  we  not 
flocci  -  nauci- what-d '  ye  -  call-'em-ists  1  "*    (For 
another  instance  of  this  curious  word,  which 
is    adapted    from    Shenstone,    and   signifies 
"  men  indifferent  to  money,"  see  Letter  xx. 
p.  62,  vol.  i.,  ed.  Ainger,  1888.) 

3.  In  the  same  letter  later  on  Lamb  writes  : 
"I  conjure  you,  dream  not  that  I  will  ever 
think  of  being  repaid  ;  the  very  word  is  gall- 
ing to  the  ears." 

4.  Letter  ix.,  3  October,  1796  :  "Do  not  for 
ever  offend  rne  by  talking  of  sending  me  cash. 
Sincerely,  and  on  my  soul,  we  do  not  want 
it "  (ibid.,  p.  37). 

5.  Letter  xciii.,  11  October,  1802:  "As  to 
the  fantastic  debt  of  15i.,  I  '11  think,"  &c.    I 
have  quoted  this  reference  in  full  already 
(ibid.,  p.  188). 

So  far  we  seem  to  be  as  much  as  ever  in 
the  dark  concerning  May.  But  a  passage 
in  Letter  xxviii.  (24  June,  1797)  furnishes 
a  glimmer  of  light.  Lamb  writes  :  "I  was  a 
very  patient  hearer  and  docile  scholar  in  our 
winter  evening  meetings  at  Mr.  May's ;  was 
I  not,  Col.  1  What  I  have  owed  to  thee,  my 
heart  can  ne'er  forget."  This  passage,  the 
closing  sentence  of  which  is  taken  from 
a  sonnet  by  Bowles  entitled  '  Oxford  Re- 
visited '  (line  14),  reminds  us  at  once  of  "the 
little  smoky  room  at  the  'Salutation  and 
Cat,'  where  we  [to  wit,  Lamb  and  Coleridge] 
have  sat  together  through  the  winter  nights, 
beguiling  the  cares  of  life  with  Poesy" 
(Letter  iii.,  ibid., p.  15)— of  "those old  suppers 

at  our  old ["Salutation"]  Inn,  when 

life  was  fresh  and  topics  exhaustless,  and  you 
first  kindled  in  me,  if  not  the  power,  yet  the 
love  of  poetry,  and  beauty,  and  kindliness " 
('Works,'  1818,  ' Dedication  to  Coleridge '). 


[*  "Flocci  nauci  nihili"  is  derived,  of  course, 
from  the  '  Eton  Syntax.'] 


62 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io«-  s.  i.  JAN.  23,  I<XM. 


Let  us  see,  then,  whether  any  connexion 
can  be  established  between  the  May  of 
Letters  i.,  ii.,  and  xxviii.,  and  the  New- 
gate Street  tavern  known  as  the  "Salu- 
tation and  Cat,"  where,  in  the  winter  nights 
of  1794-5,  the  two  old  schoolmates  Lamb  and 
Coleridge  were  wont  to  foregather  in  the 
little  smoke-stained  bar-parlour.  Here,  it 
will  be  remembered,  after  his  second  and 
final  disappearance  from  Cambridge,  when 
his  pockets  were  empty  and  his  outlook  of 
the  gloomiest,  Coleridge  sojourned  during 
parts  of  December  and  January,  1794-5, 
oblivious  of  Southey,  Sarah  Flicker,  and 
"Freedom's  undivided  dell";  till  at  length 
Southey,  losing  patience  and  hurrying  up 
to  town,  ran  down  and  apprehended  the 
truant— not,  indeed  at  the  "Salutation  and 
Cat,"  but  at  another  tavern  hard  by,  the 
"Angel,"  in  Butcher  Hall  Street.  The  ques- 
tion  here  arises,  Why  had  Coleridge  shifted 
his  quarters  ?  And  the  answer  I  take  to  be 
this,  that  mine  host  of  the  "Salutation," 
having  waited  a  week  or  two  for  the  settle- 
ment of  his  account,  at  length  grew  crusty, 
and  hinted  that  it  was  high  time  for  the 
young  gentleman  in  the  parlour  either  to 
square  up  or  to  s'eek  accommodation  else- 
where. Whereupon  Coleridge  moved  over 
to  the  "Angel,"  leaving  perforce  his  clothes 
in  pawn  behind  him.  In  making  this  sug- 
gestion I  am  not  unmindful  of  the  story  told 
by  Cottle  ('Reminiscences,'  1847,  p.  405  note) 
to  the  effect  that  "  when  Coleridge  dwelt  at 
the  '  Cat  and  Salutation '  in  Newgate  Street, 
and  talked  of  leaving  it,  his  conversation 
had  brought  so  many  customers  to  the  house 
that  the  landlord  offered  him  free  quarters  if 
he  would  only  stay  and  continue  to  talk." 
But  of  such  a  proposition  we  hear  nothing 
either  from  Coleridge  himself  (who,  had  it 
actually  been  made,  would  indubitably  have 
confided  it  later  on  to  one  or  other  of  his 
West-Country  friends — to  Poole,  for  instance, 
or  Charles  Lloyd,  or  Wordsworth)  or  from 
anybody  else  save  only  Joseph  Cottle,  whose 
unsupported  authority  in  respect  of  Cole- 
ridge's "  doings  and  done  -  untos  "  may  be 
safely  disregarded.  Who,  then,  was  mine 
host  of  the  "Salutation"  in  the  years  1794- 
1795,  and  how  was  he  named?  I  have  not 
been  able  to  see  a  'London  Directory'  for 
1795,  but  in  a  directory  for  1808  I  find  Wil- 
liam May  described  as  the  landlord  of  the 
"  Salutation  Coffee  -  House,"  17,  Newgate 
Street.  Again,  in  the  'Post  Office  London 
Directory'  for  1819,  I  find  the  following 
entry  :  "  W.  May,  King's  Head  Tavern,  New- 
gate Street";  and  yet  again,  in  the  same 
authority  for  the  year  1823,  "Wm.  May, 


Tavern-Keeper,  40,  Newgate  Street."  From 
all  this  the  inference,  1  cannot  but  think,  is 
highly  probable  that  the  May  of  Letter  i.  is 
none  other  than  William  May,  landlord  of 
the  "Salutation  and  Cat";  and  that,  at  some 
date  subsequent  to  Coleridge's  departure  for 
Bristol  in  Southey's  custody  (January,  1795), 
Lamb,  having  provided  himself  with  the 
wherewithal,  called  upon  the  said  William 
May,  discharged  the  reckoning  against  Cole- 
ridge's name,  thereby  releasing  his  clothes 
from  pawn,  and,  lastly,  forwarded  the  clothes 
thus  redeemed  by  waggon  to  Coleridge  at 
Bristol.  Finally,  if  we  connect  the  letter  of 
11  October,  1802,  with  the  transaction  referred 
to  at  the  opening  of  Letter  i.,  we  may  infer 
that  the  amount  standing  against  Coleridge's 
name,  for  board  and  lodging  at  the  "  Saluta- 
tion "  Inn  during  a  period  of  (probably)  four 
weeks  in  December,  1794,  and  January,  1795, 
was  fifteen  pounds  sterling  of  the  king's 
money.  THOMAS  HUTCHINSON. 


THE  CHURCHYARD  OF  ST.  MARGARET'S, 

WESTMINSTER,  AND  ITS  IMPROVEMENT. 

(See  ante,  p.  23.) 

ON  5  July,  1881,  the  General  Committee 
met  again,  and  the  first  business  was  the  con- 
sideration of  the  report  of  the  sub  committee 
given  in  full  in  the  former  article,  it  being 
decided  to  take  each  clause  seriatim.  It  was 
proposed  by  Mr.  Helder  that  Clause  I.  be 
approved,  the  words  "  with  or  without  the 
addition  of  any  trees  or  shrubs  "  being  sub- 
stituted for  "without  the  addition  of  any 
trees  or  shrubs."  The  appointment  of  Mr. 
Pearson  and  the  employment  of  Mr.  Wills 
were  confirmed,  the  estimate  of  the  latter 
being  considered  satisfactory.  The  plans  for 
laying  out  the  ground  were  accepted,  and  Mr. 
Lee  was  asked  to  send  to  the  Chancellor  the 
petition  for  the  faculty  as  prepared  by  him. 

Up.  to  this  point  there  had  been  no 
treasurer,  this  office  being  now  conferred 
upon  Mr.  Helder,  the  rector's  churchwarden. 
Next  a  very  important  proposition  was  made 
by  Mr.  G.  F.  Trollope,  and  seconded  by  Mr. 
J.  L.  Pearson,  to  the  effect 

"that,  the  Committee  being  strongly  of  opinion 
that  the  general  effect  of  the  Abbey  and  the  church- 
yard would  be  greatly  improved  by  the  removal  of 
the  present  heavy  railing  separating  the  churchyard 
and  the  Abbey  ground,  the  Dean  and  Chapter  be 
invited  to  take  the  matter  into  consideration  as 
early  as  possible." 

The  next  meeting  was  held  on  25  July,  when 
it  was  reported  that  the  Dean  and  Chapter 
had  desired  Mr.  Pearson  to  submit  his  plans 
for  their  consideration,  and  Mr.  Lee  stated 


io*s.i.jAx.23,ian]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


63 


that  the  petition  for  a  faculty  had  been 
lodged  in  the  Registry,  that  the  Chancellor 
had  issued  his  fiat  for  the  citation  to  issue, 
and  that  the  necessary  notice  had  been 
affixed  to  the  church  door.  Mr.  Herbert 
Gladstone  proposed,  and  Mr.  Trollope 
seconded,  that 

"  as  soon  as  a  faculty  is  granted  the  Committee 
authorize  Mr.  Pearson  to  place  a  hoarding  round 
the  churchyard,  and  to  take  such  steps  as  may  be 
necessary  to  the  carrying  out  of  such  portion  of  the 
works  as  may  be  within  the  funds  at  the  disposal  of 
the  Treasurer." 

There   appears    to  have  been  no  further 
meeting  of  the  Committee  until  14  October, 
so  that  it  may  be  well  to  take  some  note  of 
the  proceedings  relative  to  the  issue  of  the 
faculty.    The  Chancellor  of  the  Diocese  of 
London  (Dr.  Tristram,  Q.C.)  held   a  court 
on  Tuesday,  23  August,   at  the  Dean  and 
Chapter  House,  St.  Paul's  Churchyard,  when 
the  application  made  by  Canon  Farrar  and 
the    churchwardens    for    the    faculty    came 
before  him,  and  it  is  noteworthy  that  there 
was  no  opposition  to  the  application.    The 
rector    was    unfortunately    prevented    from 
being  present,  therefore  the  duty  of  support- 
ing the  prayer  of  the  petition  devolved  upon 
Mr.    Stewart    Helder,   who    very  ably  per- 
formed it.    It  was  clearly  shown  that  the 
improvements  wished  for  were  much  needed, 
and  that  only  the  want  of  funds  had  pre- 
vented steps  being  taken  at  an  earlier  date. 
It    was  found    that    some    human  remains 
would    be    disturbed,    but    they    would    be 
deposited  in  another  part  of  the  churchyard. 
Although  efforts  had  been  made  to  discover 
representatives  of  the  persons  whose  remains 
were  to  be  removed,  none  had  been  found, 
and  information  was  supplied  as  to  the  means 
that  were  to  be  taken  to  keep  a  record  of 
the  inscriptions.    Altogether  it  was  thought 
that  the  improvements  would  be  worthy  of 
the    "  glorious    old    Abbey."     Mr.    Pearson 
informed  the  Chancellor  that  it  was  proposed 
to    place    the    tombstones  with    their    face 
downwards,  "ancient  inscriptions  being  best 
preserved    in    that   way."     The    Chancellor 
said  he  had  no  hesitation  in  granting  the 
faculty.    There  was  one  feature  which  was 
novel,  and  that  was  that  "  his  authority  was 
asked  to  allow  the  tombstones  to  be  covered 
over  with  soil."    He  further  said  it  was  the 
first  time  he  had   been  asked  for  such  an 
order  ;  but  after  the  evidence  given  he  had  no 
doubt  that  the  inscriptions  would   be  best 
preserved  in  that  manner.    He  should  there- 
fore allow  the  faculty  to  issue,  but  should 
insert  a  provision  that  the  earth  should  be 
removed  if  it  became  necessary  to  examine 


the  actual  inscription  on  a  particular  tomb- 
stone, as  a  copy  on  the  tablet  might  not  be 
adduced  in  a  court  of  law. 

On  14  October  the  General  Committee  met 
again  under  the  presidency  of  Canon  Farrar, 
the  matter  under  discussion  being  the 
estimates  submitted  to  them,  when  Sir 
Rutherford  Alcock  made  a  proposition, 
finding  a  seconder  in  Mr.  Helder,  to  the  effect 
that 

"  this  Committee  meet  again  this  day  fortnight,  to 
have  before  them  the  plan  and  estimate  submitted 
to  the  Metropolitan  Board  of  Works,  together  with 
the  terms  or  the  application  and  of  the  reply 
received,  and  that  Mr.  Pearson  be  requested  to- 
inform  the  Committee  the  cost  for  hoarding, 
laying  out  the  ground,  putting  down  gravel  paths, 
putting  back  the  Abbey  railings,  and  altering  the 
present  churchyard  railings  to  the  line  set  out  on 
the  plan." 

On  the  28th  of  the  same  month  the  Com- 
mittee accordingly  met  again  to  consider  the 
matters  alluded  to  at  the  previous  meeting, 
with  the  "  curtailed  "  estimates.  The  same 
proposer  and  seconder  moved  that  the 
following  estimates  be  accepted,  viz. : — 

Earthworks  and  hoarding  not  to  exceed 
Removing  Abbey  railings,  with  work,  &c.  ... 

Masons'  work        

"  Eureka"  pavement      

Turf-guards,  painting  railings,  &c 


£.912 
457 
364 

47* 


£2,277 

Mr.  Pearson  was  authorized  to  proceed 
with  the  work  on  the  foregoing  estimates  as 
early  as  possible,  and  the  Chairman  desired 
to  bring  these  resolutions  to  the  notice  of  the 
absent  members  of  the  Committee  (of  whom 
there  were  a  goodly  number),  inviting  their 
subscriptions  before  making  a  further  appeal 
to  the  public  for  the  necessary  funds. 

No  further  meeting  is  recorded  until 
24  February,  1882,  when  it  was  proposed  by- 
Mr.  W.  H.  Smith,  and  seconded  by  Mr.  J.  K. 
Aston  (who  had  joined  the  Committee  since 
its  formation),  that  "  a  record  of  the  names 
and  dates  legible  on  the  stones  buried  in  the 
churchyard  be  preserved  on  vellum,  and  that 
a  tablet  recording  the  preservation  of  such 
record  be  erected  in  some  part  of  St.  Mar- 
garet's Church."  It  was  further  proposed 
that  "  the  Ecclesiastical  Commissioners  for 
England  be  applied  to,  as  owners  of  property 
in  the  district,  for  a  contribution  towards 
the  expenses.'1  Messrs.  Coutts  &  Co.  were 
also  requested  to  place,  as  occasion  might 
require,  sums  not  exceeding  in  the  aggregate 
1,0001.  to  the  credit  of  the  St.  Margaret's 
Churchyard  Improvement  Fund  Account. 

The  General  Committee  were  called  together 
on  22  April,  when  an  approximate  statement 
of  expenses  incurred  to  date  was  submitted  : 


NOTES  AN  D  Q  U  EKIES.          [iq*  s.  i.  JAN.  23, 1904. 


Expenses       3,021  12 

Printing,  &c 23    0 

Cost  of  faculty        7    0 


£3,051  12 

Propositions  were  made  and  seconded  tha 
the  hoarding  round  the  churchyard  b 
removed  with  as  little  delay  as  possible,  anc 
that  the  churchwardens  be  requested  t( 
arrange  with  the  police,  or  otherwise,  for  the 
suitable  opening  and  closing  of  the  church 
yard.  It  was  afterwards  proposed  that  anj 
balance  which  might  remain  should  be 
applied  to  the  commencement  of  new 
railings,  to  be  approved  of  by  the  Com 
jnittee. 

The  last  meeting  of  the  General  Committee 
appears  to  have  been  held  on  27  February 
1883,  when  the  hon.  secretary  was  desirec 
to  convey  the  thanks  of  the  Committee  to 
Messrs.  Lee  and  Bolton  for  their  kindness  in 
procuring  the  necessary  faculties  withoul 
expense  (for  their  services)  to  the  Committee 
and  further  resolutions  were  carried  that  the 
rector,  treasurer,  and  secretary  should  be 
•empowered  to  dispose  of  the  surplus  of  the 
Churchyard  Improvement  Fund  "in  such  a 
manner  as  may  seem  to  them  best  in  order 
to  complete  the  work."  Finally,  the  cus- 
tomary votes  of  thanks  to  the  chairman, 
treasurer,  and  secretary  brought  the  meeting 
and  the  business  of  the  Committee  to  a  close, 
the  object  for  which  they  had  been  called 
together  being  accomplished. 

The  improvement  has  been  much  appre- 
ciated on  every  side;  but  in  no  carping  spirit 
I  think  it  may  be  safely  added  that,  had 
public  taste  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago  been 
of  as  high  a  character  as  it  has  since  become, 
what  was  done  would  have  been  of  greater 
artistic  excellence,  and  some  flower  -  beds 
might  have  adorned  the  unbroken  stretch  of 
.grass,  restful  though  the  latter  may  be  to  the 
frequently  jaded  eye  of  the  Londoner.  Some 
few  seats,  which  were  much  needed,  have  of 
late  years  been  placed  in  the  enclosure, 
thereby  increasing  the  usefulness  of  the 
place.  Owing,  most  likely,  to  the  nature  of 
the  ground,  the  pavement,  in  places,  has 

tiven  way,  and  shows  many  cracks  and 
ssures.  Before  long  a  complete  renovation 
will  have  to  take  place,  or  some  of  the  dangers 
of  a  bygone  day  may  repeat  themselves. 
'Some  of  the  old  trees  were  considered  very 
fine,  but,  in  order  that  the  view  of  the  occu- 
pants of  the  stands  erected  at  the  time  of 
King  Edward's  Coronation  might  not  be 
obstructed,  they  were  very  badly  lopped  and 
all  but  completely  spoilt,  and  some  years 
must  pass  before  their  old  beauty  will  return, 


more 's  the  pity.  It  does  not  seem  quite 
clear  who  was  guilty  of  the  grievous  folly  of 
ordering  this  to  be  done.  Such  matters  are 
always  hard  to  trace  to  their  source. 

At  9th  S.  vi.  342, 1  alluded  to  some  interest- 
ing interments  in  this  churchyard,  and  before 
leaving  the  subject  it  may  be  well  to  speak 
of  a  gruesome  spectacle  enacted  here  in  the 
first  quarter  of  the  eighteenth  century.    On 
1  March,  1725,  a  Mr.  Hayes  was  murdered  at 
his  residence  in  the  Tyburn  Road  (which  is 
the  present  Oxford  Street)  by  two  men,  at 
the    instigation,    and    with    the    assistance, 
of  his  wife.    The  body  was  afterwards  dis- 
membered, the  head  being  brought  to  West- 
minster by  the  murderers,  and  flung  into  the 
Thames  from  one  of  the  adjacent  wharves, 
close  to  the  horse  ferry ;  but,  as  the  tide  had 
turned,  it  was  not  carried  down  the  river,  as 
anticipated,  but  seen  by  a  night  watchman 
at   a    neighbouring  lime-wharf.    He    called 
assistance,  and  it  was  drawn  ashore  by  a 
boat-hook.    By  a  magistrate's  orders  it  was 
carefully  washed  and  placed  on  a  pole  in  this 
churchyard,  hard  by  the  west  door  of  the 
church,  so  that  it   could    be    seen   by  the 
numerous   passers-by,   with   a  view  to  its 
identification.    It   was    identified,   and    the 
crime    brought   home    to   its    perpetrators. 
The    two     men    were    condemned    to     be 
hanged,  and    the  woman    to    be    burnt   at 
bhe  stake,  as  her  crime  was  known  as  petit 
treason.    One  of  the  men  died  in  Newgate 
oefore  the  date  fixed  for  the  execution,  the 
other  being  hanged  at  Marylebone  Fields,  on 
;he  spot  where  the  body  had  been  found. 
The  sentence  on  the  woman  was  carried  out 
at  Tyburn  on  9  May,  1726.    In  the  vestry  of 
St.  Margaret's  Church  is  a  small  engraving 
showing  the  exposure  of  the  head  upon  the 
pole.  W.  E.  HAELAND-OXLEY. 

C2,  The  Almshouses,  Rochester  Row,  S.W. 


"SQUAW":  "MAHALA." — I  bracket  these 
Because  they  are  synonyms.  About  "squaw" 
'.  can  say  nothing  fresh.  Every  one  knows 
hat  we  borrowed  it  from  the  Algonkin 
amily  of  languages.  It  occurs  in  the  eastern 
Branch  of  that  family  as  Delaware  ochqueu, 
Massachusetts  squa,  Narragansett  squaivs ; 
n  the  western  branch  as  Arapaho  isi,  Black- 
oot  dike;  in  the  northern  as  Cree  iskioew, 
Odjibwa  ikkive,  Ottawa  akwe  ;  in  the  southern 
is  Shawnee  eqiiiwa,  "Mahala"  differs  from 
t  only  in  being  a  newer  word.  It  is  given 
n  Bartlett's  '  Dictionary  of  Americanisms,' 
i  the  'Century,'  and  in  the  supplement  to 
Webster,  and  is  often  to  be  met  with  in 
magazines  (e.g.,  English  Illustrated,  vol.  xxv. 
i.  30 ;  Harper's,  Feb.,  1903,  p,  383).  Its  history 


s/i.  JAN.  23, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


65 


is  curious.  Originally  a  corruption  of  th 
Spanish  mujer  (woman),  adopted  by  th 
Cushnas  and  other  Californian  Indians,  i 
was  taken  back  by  the  whites,  and  is  now 
universal  along  the  Pacific  coast.  "Buck 
and  "mahala"  are  the  technical  terms  fo 
the  Indian  man  and  woman,  while  in  th< 
canning  trade  "  mahala  "  denotes  the  femal< 
salmon.  JAMES  PLATT,  Jun. 

WEATHER  ON  25  JANUARY.— I  have  taken 
the  following  bit  of  weather  -  lore  front 
"Natures  Secrets.  Or,  The  Admirable  anc 
wonderfull  History  Of  the  generation  o; 
Meteors,  &c.  By  the  industry  and  observa- 
tions of  Thomas  Willsford,  Gent.  London 
Printed  for  Nath.  Brook  at  the  Angel  in 
Cornhill.  1658."  It  may  interest  some  curious 
in  such  matters  (p.  145) : — 

"  Some  again  observe  the  25 :   day  of  January, 
celebrated  for  the  conversion  of  St.  Paul;  if  fair 
and  clear,  plenty  ;  if  cloudy  or  misty,  niuch  cattle 
will  die  ;  if  rain  or  snow  fall  that  day,  it  presages  a 
dearth  ;  and  if  windy,  wars,  as  old  Wives  Ho  dream; 
and  since  I  can  find  no  better  authority  for  these, 
nor  any  days  presages,  as  a  thing  indifferent,  I  will 
leave  them,  and  persist  here  no  longer,  but  sub- 
scribe the  Verses  upon  the  same  account. 
If  Saint  Paul's  day  be  fair  and  clear, 
It  does  betide  a  happy  year : 
But  if  it  chance  to  snow  or  rain 
Then  will  be  dear  all  kind  of  grain : 
If  clouds  or  mists  do  dark  the  Skie, 
Great  store  of  birds  and  beasts  shall  die : 
And  if  the  winds  do  fly  aloft, 
Then  wars  shall  vex  that  Kingdome  oft." 

A.  S. 

SMOTHERING  HYDROPHOBIC  PATIENTS.  (See 
5th  S.jv.  167,  358,  491;  v.  237,  298.)— The 
following  paragraph  appeared  in  the  Globe  of 
10  February,  1807  :— 

"  There  is  a  vulgar  prejudice  that  a  person  bitten 
by  a  mad  dog,  and  pronounced  irrecoverable,  may, 
according  to  the  laws  of  the  land,  be  bled  to  death, 
or  smothered.  To  correct  this  prejudice,  we  quote 
the  opinion  of  Sir  Vicary  Gibbs,  on  this  point. 

;"  I  am  clearly  of  opinion,  that  it  is  not  lawful,  by 
any  means,  wilfully  to  put  to  death  a  person  who 
has  been  bitten  by  a  mad  dog ;  and  those  who 
wilfully  commit  such  an  act  are  guilty  of  murder, 
and  liable  to  be  tried  and  convicted  accordingly. 

' '  It  probably  will  be  found,  upon  inquiry,  that 
the  bleeding  was  applied  as  a  remedy  to  the  dis- 
order, and  not  for  the  purpose  of  putting  an  end  to 
the  patient's  life.— V.  GIBBS.'" 

As  a  matter  of  fact  all  early  authorities  do 
recommend  copious  bleeding  for  this  disorder. 
Dr.  E.  Janes  in  his  'Medicinal  Dictionary,3 
1745,  narrates  at  some  length  the  case  of  a 
farmer  of  Monchenstein,  in  the  canton  of 
Basle,  who  was  suffocated  on  16  March,  1687, 
all  known  remedies  having  been  tried  in 
vain.  The  same  doctor  also  quotes  Boerhaave 
(1668  to  1738)  as  asserting  that  in  Holland  it 


was  customary  for  a  magistrate  to  issue  an 
order  authorizing  the  suffocation  of  a  hydro- 
phobic  patient  considered  incurable. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

[It  is  not  unknown  in  these  days,  even,  to  speak 
of  the  expediency  of  smothering  between  two 
mattresses  one  suffering  from  disease  apparently 
incurable.] 

CHARLES  I. :  INTERESTING  HISTORICAL 
LETTER. — In  my  possession  is  (or  was)  the 
original  autograph  letter  of  Sir  James  Hay 
to  Alexander  Hay,  dated  21  Feb.,  1641/2,  and 
13  May,  1642,  of  which  the  following  is  a 
copy  :— 

21"'  Feb  [1641/2]. 

Allex'  I  haue  resaued  your  last  and  yor  warrant 
but  whidder  I  shall  get  it  done  or  not  It  is  dout- 
full  I  haue  writtan  to  him  [Mr.  Haylle?]  by  mv 
murray  [Factor  at  Paris]  desyreing  him  to  speik 
the  king  at  his  returne  to  get  it  done  I  pray  send 
me  answeir  of  my  last  and  it  thair  be  any  hoipis  to 
»et  mony  payd  upon  his  maiesties  letter  to  the 
lorde  commssioners  it  was  sent  to  duncane  keith 
to  delyuer  by  him  I  wrot  to  you  remember  my 
weusthe  [?  Worcester]  bissines  I  haue  sent  a  peti- 
tionn  I  haue  writtin  to  thomas  burrad  a  servant  of 
nip  newgate  to  solicit  the  bissines  I  shal  intreit  you 
x>  repair  to  this  man  and  Inquyre  how  the  bissines 
gois  mr  doctor  masson  mr  of  requoistis  hath  my 
setition  I  haue  writtin  to  this  man  what  is  to  be 
done  to  whom  I  refer  you  thair  is  lytel  hoipis  of 
agrement  with  the  parlament  his  maiestie  is  taken 
up  a  garde  for  his  owen  persone  I  rest 

Your  affectionet  freiid 

JAMES  HAY. 

Commend  me  to  mr  moysey  and  proqr  [^procure] 
me  word  how  our  bissines  gois  I  haue  send  a  letter 
x>  mr  Clayton  ffriuehouud  I?— from  home]. 

[Postscript.] 

send  this  letter  to  mr  murray  factor  at  paris. 
Let  mr  haylle  kno  frome  me  that  your  hand  for 
he  resait  of  my  monye  out  of  the  exchequer  shall 
>e  a  sufficient  dischairge  be  digilant  [=diligeut]  in 
he  persuite  of  it  for  delay  ar  dangerous  bysydes 
ou  kno  of  my  grit  nessesties. 

Your  affectionet 

JAMES  HAY. 
York  this  13  may  [1642]. 
[Indorsed]  for  Alexr  Hay. 
[Indorsement  (subsequently  made) :] 
Sr  James  Hayes  ass*  [=assignment]  1642. 

The  original,  being  wholly  on  one  sheet  of 
iaper,  appears  to  have  been  written  on  the 
ormer,  but  not  forwarded  until  the  latter, 
ate,  when  the  addition  was  made.  As  re- 
srring  to  Charles  I.  and  the  state  of  things 
xisting  at  the  commencement  of  the  great 
'ivil  War,  it  is  worthy  of  publication.  Eng- 
sh  historians  inform  us  that  the  king,  who 
vas  then  at  York  acting  in  defiance  of  the 
arliament,  thought  fit,  12  May,  1642,  to  raise 

guard  for  the  defence  of  his  person,  con- 
isting  of  a  troop  of  horse  under  the  Prince 
f  Wales  and  one  regiment  of  the  Trained 
Sands.  W.  1.  B.  V. 


66 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io»  s.  i.  JAN.  23,  MM. 


MISTLETOE  IN  CHURCH.— The  only  vegetable 
decoration  visible  on  11  January  in  the 
thirteenth-century  cathedral  of  Chalons-sur- 
Marne,  the  ancient  capital  of  the  Catalauni 
(whose  name  may  perhaps  have  some  con- 
nexion with  that  of  the  Catalans  of  South- 
Eastern  Spain,  and  whose  bishop  is  still  called 
"  Episcopus  Cathalaunensis  "),  was  a  fine  plant 
of  mistletoe,  on  a  section  of  the  branch  which 
had  fostered  it.  This  was  laid  upon  the  two 
nails  in  the  feet  of  the  large  white  image  of 
the  crucifix  attached  to  the  east  wall  of  the 
northern  transept  of  that  beautiful  church. 
It  is  not  without  interest  to  note  this  offering 
of  the  emblem  of  the  Druids  at  the  feet  of 
the  Founder  of  the  Church. 

E.  S.  DODGSON. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

THOMAS  STRADLING.— So  far  as  I  am  aware 
everything  that  has  been  printed  about  the 
man  who  bore  this  name  is  to  be  found  in  the 
accounts  of  William  Dampier's  unsuccessful 
expedition  to  the  South  Seas  in  1703.  In  the 
•works  of  William  Funnell  and  Woodes  Rogers 
we  are  informed  that  he  was  first  a  mate  and 
afterwards  master  of  the  ship  Cinque  Ports 
Galley  ;  that  he  was  obliged  to  abandon  this 
ehip  off  the  island  of  Gorgona ;  and  that  he 
was  subsequently  detained  in  prison  for 
many  years  by  the  Spaniards  in  Peru, 
whence  he  escaped  in  a  French  ship.  He 
won  a  little  renown  because  it  was  after  a 
quarrel  with  him  that  the  well-known 
Alexander  Selkirk,  the  prototype  of  Robin- 
son  Crusoe,  was  set  on  shore  on  the  unin- 
habited island  of  Juan  Fernandez. 

From  French  MS.  documents  I  have  ascer- 
tained that  he  was  taken  to  Europe  on 
28  August,  1710,  in  the  ship  Notre  Dame  de 
1'Assomption,  captain  Alain  Pore'e;  that  he 
was  kept  in  prison,  first  at  the  castle  of 
Saint-Malo,  subsequently  in  that  of  Dinan, 
till  8  October,  1711,  when,  with  seventeen 
other  Englishmen,  he  escaped,  being  seen 
some  time  afterwards  at  Jersey.  He  is  stated 
to  have  been  twenty-nine  years  old  at  that 
time,  and  the  son  of  a  merchant  in  London 
who  was  then  still  living.  Can  any  one  tell 
me  further  incidents  of  his  life  and  the  date 
of  his  death  ?  E.  W.  DAHLGREN, 

Director  of  the  Royal  Library. 

Stockholm. 


SIR  HENRY  CHAUNCY.  —  I  am  engaged 
upon  a  biography  of  Sir  Henry  Chauncy 
with  especial  reference  to  his  labours  as  a 
county  historian.  His  great  work  was  first 
published  in  folio  in  the  year  1700,  and  was 
reprinted  in  two  volumes  octavo  in  1826.  I 
have  occupied  my  leisure  for  the  past  twelve 
months  in  collecting  material  for  this  pur- 
pose, and  I  am  now  desirous  of  ascertaining 
whether  any  letters  or  other  documents  in 
the  handwriting  of  Sir  Henry  are  in  exist- 
ence in  Hertfordshire  or  elsewhere.  Anything 
that  may  serve  to  illustrate  his  method  of 
research  would  be  valuable.  I  have  had  the 
good  fortune  to  examine  the  original  draft 
of  the  preface  to  his  '  History  of  Hertford- 
shire,' which  differs  extensively  from  the 
printed  copy.  It  throws  light  upon  the 

general  system  he  pursued  in  compiling  his 
escription  of  the  county,  and  indicates  that 
he  must  have  had  a  very  considerable  corre- 
spondence with  the  owners  of  manors,  the 
clergy,  and  others,  some  of  which,  perchance, 
may  have  been  preserved.  A  copiously  anno- 
tated and  corrected  copy  of  his  '  History,'  in 
the  possession  of  the  late  Mr.  Hale  Wortham, 
is  stated  by  Cussans  ('Hundred  of  Odsey,' 
p.  88)  to  have  been  owned  by  a  contemporary 
of  Sir  Henry's,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Tipping  of 
Ardeley.  I  should  be  glad  to  know  who  is 
the  possessor  of  this  historically  valuable 
copy.  Another  coetaneous  copy  owned  by 
Mr.  Pulter  Forester,  which  descended  to  his 
son  William,  has  been  lost  sight  of  since  1768, 
but  may  still  be  in  existence.  I  understand 
that  at  a  sale  by  Mr.  Greenwood,  which  took 
place  in  1790,  certain  of  Sir  Henry's  books  and 
other  property  were  sold.  There  is  a  catalogue 
of  this  sale  extant,  and  the  loan  of  a  copy 
would  be  greatly  appreciated.  Salmon  seems 
to  have  obtained  possession  of  a  considerable 
portion  of  the  Chauncy  papers  ;  these  after- 
wards fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Rev.  Paul 
Wright,  B.D.,  who  in  1773  purposed  pub- 
lishing a  corrected  edition  of  the  'History' 
(in  1770hestyled  himself  "editor  of  Chauncy"), 
but  I  believe  it  never  proceeded  beyond  the 
prospectus  stage.  It  is  suggested  that  Clut- 
terbuck  acquired  many  of  these  papers,  but 
direct  evidence  is  wanting,  and  even  so,  I 
have  no  definite  knowledge  into  whose  hands 
they  fell  at  his  decease,  and  who  now  owns 
them. 

I  am  especially  concerned  to  discover  the 
circumstances  relating  to  the  painful  episode 
alluded  to  in  the  fifth  paragraph  of  the 
preface.  The  individual  referred  to  was,  I 
believe,  Sir  Henry's  grandson,  and  the 
reasons  for  the  estrangement,  and  consequent 
attempt  of  the  misguided  youth  to  wreck  his 


s.  i.  JAX.  -23,  i9M.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


67 


grandsire's  work,  are  difficult  to  comprehend. 
The  lawsuits  which  Sir  Henry  was  either 
engaged  in  or  threatened  with  (referred  to  in 
the  draft  preface)  are  matters  upon  which 
we  are  almost  entirely  uninformed,  although 
the  details  of  any  trials,  if  such  there  were, 
must  be  recorded. 

Other  questions  of  interest  arise,  but  this 
letter  is  already  lengthy,  and  I  think  I  have 
indicated  the  purport  of  my  requirements. 
I  shall  be  most  grateful  for  any  assistance, 
which  will  of  course  receive  due  acknow- 
ledgment. W.  B.  GERISH. 

Bishop's  Stortford. 

ST.  AGNES.  HADDINGTON.— I  shall  be  glad 
to  be  allowed  to  repeat  a  query  I  asked  at 
9th  S.  xi.  509.  A  place  named  St.  Agnes  is 
given  in  Black's  'General  Atlas,'  1857,  plate  10; 
Bartholomew's  'Atlas  of  Scotland,'  Edinburgh, 
1895,  plate  21  ;  and  on  the  Ordnance  Survey 
of  Scotland,  sheet  33.  It  is  in  Haddington, 
2'  33"  N.,  55'  52"  E.  Can  any  one  tell  me 
•whether  it  is  a  village  containing  a  church  of 
St.  Agnes,  from  which  it  gets  its  name,  or  say 
where  some  account  of  the  place  may  be 
found  ?  F.  C.  W. 

PICTURE  BY  W.  P.  FRITH. —  Can  any  of 
your  readers  tell  me  where  the  original — or  a 
reproduction— of  the  picture  by  W.  P.  Frith, 
R.A ,  representing  Swift  throwing  down  the 
letter  before  Vanessa,  can  be  found  1 

A.  O'D.  BARTHOLEYNS. 

11,  Spring  Gardens,  S.W. 

"LOST  IN  A  CONVENT'S  SOLITARY  GLOOM."— 
I  shall  be  pleased  to  know  the  source  of  the 
following  quotation,  which  is  given  in  Bos- 
well's  '  Life  of  Johnson': — 

Lost  in  a  convent's  solitary  gloom. 

E.  M.  L. 

REV.  CHARLES  ROBERTSON  MANNING. — This 
gentleman,  who  was  rector  of  Diss,  Norfolk, 
from  1857  till  his  death  on  8  February, 
1899,  had  a  fine  collection  of  Norfolk 
antiquities.  Can  any  one  say  what  became  of 
them  at  his  decease  ?  Especially,  where  is  a 
fine  bronze  ewer,  inscribed  "  venez  laver," 
which  is  figured  in  the  Norwich  volume  of 
the  Royal  Archaeological  Institute  at  p.  xxxv, 
and  in  Archaeological  Journal,  vol.  xiii.  p.  74 1 
T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 

Lancaster. 

WERDENS  ABBEY.— I  wish  to  obtain  some 
information  as  to  the  history  of  Warden 
Abbey,  near  Diisseldorf,  especially  during  the 
fourteenth  and  fifteenth  centuries.  Can  any 
reader  kindly  inform  me  where  I  may  find  an 
account  of  the  abbey  ?  GEORGE  SMITH. 


CARDIGAN  AS  A  SURNAME. — Can  any  one 
;ell  me  at  about  what  period  Cardigan  made 
ts  appearance  as  a  surname,  and  whether 
;here  is  a  pedigree  of  the  family  published  ? 
[t  is  presumably  derived  from  the  town  in 
South-West  Wales,  and  is  therefore  a  place- 
name.  G.  H.  W. 

REV.  OBADIAH  DENMAN.  —  Can  any  one 
say  what  living  (in  the  Midlands,  and  most 
ikely  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Retford)  was 
leld  by  the  Rev.  Obadiah  Denman— probably 
about  the  commencement  of  the  eighteenth 
:entury  1  ARTHUR  DENMAN,  F.S.A. 

WiLDERSPiN. — Is  there  a  portrait  of  Samuel 
Wilderspin,  the  promoter  of  infant  schools  1 

DAVID  SALMON. 
Swansea. 

INSCRIPTION  ON  STATUE  OF  JAMES  II. — 
The  statue  of  King  James  II.  has  been  most 
appropriately  transferred  to  the  park  front 
of  the  Admiralty  buildings  ;  but  why,  on  the 
pedestal,  is  he  said  to  be  "Jacobus  Rex  Dei 
gratue"?  Can  such  a  form  have  been  at 
any  time  in  use  1  or  simply,  has  the  mason's 
mistake  been  allowed  to  continue  ?  R.  S. 

[A  mere  specimen  of  the  usual  British  blundering 
in  foreign  languages,  we  should  imagine.] 

WILLIAM  WILLIE.— These  are  two  of  the 
Christian  names  of  a  youth  lately  deceased 
at  Shipley.  I  have,  of  course,  read  in 
'  N.  «k  Q.'  of  children  in  one  family  with  the 
same  Christian  name,  but  my  attention  has 
never  before  been  drawn  to  a  person  pos- 
sessing both  a  full  name  and  a  diminutive 
thereof.  Can  any  reader  give  other  instances, 
such  as  Charles  Charlie,  &c.  1 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

FOREST  FAMILY. — I  should  be  glad  of  any 
information  regarding  the  family,  arms,  &c., 
of  Miles  Forest,  who  was  father  of  (1)  Sir 
Anthony  Forest,  of  Morborn,  Hunts,  knighted 
1604 ;  (2)  Elizabeth,  married  first  Sir  Arthur 
Denny,  of  Tralee  Castle,  and  secondly,  in 
1639,  Sir  Thomas  Harris,  of  Corworthen, 
Devon  ;  (3)  Isabella,  married  George  Lynne, 
of  South  wick  Hall,  Northants. 

(Rev.)  H.  L.  L.  DENNY. 

9,  Queen  Street,  Londonderry. 

FROST  AND  ITS  FORMS. — Is  anything  known 
of  the  reason  why  the  moisture  in  the  atmo- 
sphere, when  condensed  on  the  window  panes, 
assumes  the  appearance  of  fern  fronds  1  I 
have  never  heard  any  explanation  given  of 
this  fact,  and  have  in  vain  searched  through 
all  the  books  of  reference  that  I  possess. 

M.  L.  B. 


68 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  JAX.  23,  ww. 


SHELLEY'S  MOTHER.  —  I  am  anxious  to 
know  the  exact  date  of  the  death  of  Shelley's 
mother.  The  peerages  and  lives  of  the  poet 
are  silent  on  this  point.  W.  ROBERTS. 

BRITISH  EMBASSY  HOUSE  IN  PARIS.— Can 
any  of  your  readers  help  me  to  the  names  of 
books,  such  as  Lady  Granville's  '  Memoirs,' 
which  would  be  of  use  in  the  compilation  of 
a  history  of  the  present  British  Embassy  in 
Paris  and  its  occupants  1  DIPLOMATIST. 

ROBERT  MORRIS.— I  am  making  an  effort 
to  locate  the  early  life  and  history  of  the 
Robert  Morris  family  who  came  to  America 
about  1734.  Can  you  give  me  any  light  on 
this  subject  1  or  can  you  direct  me  to  some 
genealogist  who  can  look  it  up  for  me  ? 

R.  H.  SEARS. 

428,  Neil  Street,  Columbus,  Ohio. 

FLESH  AND  SHAMBLE  MEATS.  —  In  an 
authentic  copy  of  a  licence  to  eat  meat  on 
fish  days  (which  were  formerly  153  days  in 
the  year),  dated  13  February,  1618,  per- 
mission is  given  to  eat  flesh,  whilst  never- 
theless the  eating  of  shamble  meats  is 
prohibited.  In  the  English  dictionaries  to 
hand  I  am  unable  to  find  any  reference 
to  the  term  "shamble  meats."  I  shall  be 
grateful  for  early  information,  as  I  do  not 
understand  the  difference  between  flesh  and 
shamble  meats  in  reference  to  fish  days. 

J.  LAWRENCE-HAMILTON,  M.R.C.S. 

30,  Sussex  Square,  Brighton. 

JAMES  WILLIAM  DORNFORD,  son  of  James 
Dornford,  of  London,  was  admitted  on  the 
foundation  at  Westminster  School  in  1798, 
aged  fourteen.  I  should  bo  glad  to  learn 
any  particulars  of  his  career.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

THE  MIMES  OF  HERONDAS.  —  Would  some 
classical  reader  of  '  N.  &  Q  ,'  who  knows  the 
subject,  kindly  furnish  the  full  evidence— I 
am  sure  it  can  be  put  into  a  few  lines — that 
there  ever  was  a  pre-Christian  poet  called 
Herondas  or  Herodas?  If  the  evidence  is 
absolutely  clear,  and  not  due  to  misreadings, 
cadit  quaestio.  But  if  it  is  not  absolutely 
clear,  I  should  like  to  adduce  some  special 
reasons  to  show  that  Herodes  Atticus  is  the 
author  of  the  mimes  found  in  Egypt. 

R.  J.  WALKER. 

St.  Paul's  School,  West  Kensington,  W. 

PEPYS'S  'DIARY':  A  REFERENCE.— I  find  in 
Samuel  Pepys's  '  Diary '  the  following  entry 
under  the  date  of  19  May,  1660  : — 

"  By  waggon  to  Lansdune,  where  the  365  children 
were  born.  We  saw  the  hill  where  they  say  the 
house  stood  wherein  the  children  were  born.  The 
basins  wherein  the  male  and  female  children  were 
baptized  do  stand  over  a  large  table  that  hangs 


upon  a  wall,  with  the  whole  story  of  the  thing  in 
Dutch  and  Latin,  beginning  '  Margarita  Herman 
Comitissa,'  &c.  The  thing  was  done  about  200 
years  ago." 

What  are  the  incidents  to  which  Pepys 
refers  ?  MIRANDA. 

[Full  explanation  is  given  in  a  long  editorial  note 
at2""S.  vii.  260.] 


MADAME  DU  DEFFAND'S  LETTERS. 
(9th  S.  xii.  366,  438  ;  10th  S.  i.  14.) 

THE  Begum  of  Bhopal  who  was  seen  by 
MR.  GEORGE  ANGUS  in  1862,  perched  in  a 
howdah  on  the  top  of  an  elephant  at  Delhi, 
was  the  celebrated  Nawab  Sikandar  Begum, 
whose  conspicuous  loyalty  during  the  con- 
vulsions of  1857  was  rewarded  by  Govern- 
ment in  various  ways,  amongst  others  by  her 
appointment  to  a  Grand  Commandership  of 
the  Star  of  India  on  the  institution  of  that 
Order.  It  was  probably  on  the  occasion  of 
her  investiture  that  she  was  seen  by  MR. 
ANGUS.  1  had  the  pleasure  of  making  her 
acquaintance  two  or  three  years  later,  when 
she  passed  through  Aden  on  her  way  to 
Mecca  on  pilgrimage.  She  was  succeeded  by 
her  daughter,  the  Nawab  Shah  Jehan 
Begum,  who  emulated  her  mother  in  her 
devotion  to  the  British  Government,  and 
was  also  rewarded  by  the  Grand  Com- 
mandership of  the  Star  of  India.  This 
lady  I  knew  intimately,  as  I  had  the 
honour  of  serving  as  Political  Agent  at  her 
Court  for  nearly  two  years  in  1879-80.  She 
died  a  few  years  ago,  and  was  succeeded  by 
her  daughter,  the  Nawab  Sultan  Jehan 
Begum,  who  is  the  present  ruler  of  Bhopal, 
and  with  whom  I  was  also  well  acquainted 
in  her  early  womanhood. 

To  persons  unacquainted  with  India  one 
Begum  is  probably  the  same  as  another 
Begum,  but  there  really  does  seem  a  small 
spice  of.  profanity  to  those  behind  the  scenes 
in  confusing  these  loyal  and  noble  ladies 
with  the  ex-dancing  girl  who  for  a  time 
shared  the  destiny  of  the  scoundrelly  Walter 
Reinhard.  Even  from  a  social  point  of  view, 
the  position  of  &jagirdar  like  the  Begum  of 
Sirdhana  is  as  different  from  that  of  a  ruling 
chief  of  India  as  the  position  of  Lady  A,  the 
wife  of  a  long-descended  marquis,  is  from 
that  of  Lady  B,  the  wife  of  a  provincial 
mayor. 

That  the  Begum  Sumroo,  after  she  became 
a  Catholic,  endeavoured  to  atone  for  the  sins 
of  an  orageuse  youth,  cannot  be  disputed,  and 
her  charitable  benefactions,  if  not  always 
well  considered,  were  very  numerous ;  but 


10*  s.  i.  JAX.  as,  MM.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


69 


this  hardly  affects  the  point  at  issue.    A  vert 
readable  account  of  Walter  Reinhard  and  his 
wife  is  given  in  that  excellent  book  '  A  Parti 
cular  Account  of  the  Military  Adventurers  o 
Hindostan,'  by  Mr.  Herbert  Compton  (Fisher 
Unwin,  1893),  Appendix,  pp.  400-410,  to  which 
is  added  a  portrait  of  the  Begum.    It  may  be 
added  that  by  a  slip  of  the  pen  the  Governor 
General,  whose  letter  to  the  Begum  is  quotec 
by  MR.  HEBB,  is  called  "  Sir  yVilliam  Ben- 
tinck."   His  name  was  Lord  William  Caven- 
dish Bentinck.   Reinhard's  origin  was  uncer 
tain,  but  he  was  generally  supposed  to  have 
been  a  Swiss. 

As  regards  Madame  du  Deffand's  letters  to 
Horace  Wai  pole,  it  may  be  as  well  to  quote 
the  passage  from  Mrs.  Paget  Toynbee's  letter 
in  theAtkencBum  of  13  July,  1901 — previously 
referred  to  by  the  Editor — which  specifically 
relates  to  them  : — 

"After  Dyce  Sombre's  death  in  1851  the  letters 
passed  with  the  rest  of  the  Du  Deffand  papers 
into  the  possession  of  his  widow,  who  afterwards 
married  the  Hon.  George  Cecil  Forester  (sub- 
sequently third  Lord  Forester).  By  Lady  Forester, 
who  was  a  daughter  of  the  second  Viscount  St.  Vin- 
cent, they  were  bequeathed  to  her  nephew,  Mr. 
W.  R.  Parker-Jervis,  of  Meafprd,  near  Stone,  in 
Staffordshire,  in  whose  possession  they  now  are." 
W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

Presuming  that  "Sir  William  Bentinck 
is  a  mistake  for  Lord  William  Bentinck,  one 
can  only  conclude  that  that  benevolent  noble- 
man— himself  one  of  India's  greatest  bene- 
factors, inasmuch  as  he  suppressed  the  Thugs 
and  put  an  end  to  the  cruel  rite  of  suttee — 
would  never  have  written  to  the  Begurn 
Somroo  the  complimentary  letter  quoted  at 
the  last  reference  unless  he  had  been  ignorant 
of  the  woman's  history  in  its  entirety.  His 
lordship  cannot  have  known  that  this 
estimable  lady  had  been  the  wife  and,  until 
his  death  in  1778,  the  close  associate  of  the 
execrable  German  ruffian  Reinhard,  alias 
Somers,  alias  Sombre,  the  monster  who  super- 
intended, and  with  his  own  hands  assisted 
in  perpetrating,  the  appalling  massacre  at 
Patna,  when  some  200  unarmed  European 
prisoners  were  barbarously  done  to  death  in 
cold  blood.  Nor  can  the  Governor-General 
have  been  aware  of  the  fact  that  his  esteemed 
lady  friend  had  herself  on  one  occasion,  as  a 
punishment  for  an  offence  far  short  of  murder, 
caused  two  of  her  slave  girls  to  be  flogged 
and  then  buried  alive  immediately  in  front 
of  her  tent.  The  fact  that  the  Begum  was  a 
woman  of  no  ordinary  parts  only  aggravates 
her  misdeeds,  and  renders  them  the  more 
indefensible.  By  all  means  let  this  unhappy 
female  have  full  credit  for  the  good  works  of 
her  later  life.  Her  charities  were  immense, 


and  she  died  in  the  odour  of  sanctity.  But 
in  estimating  her  character  and  career  we 
are  bound  to  take  into  consideration  what 
she  had  been  ;  and  I  for  one  cannot  agree 
that  it  is  a  "trifling  mistake"  to  invest  the 
wicked  adventuress  Somroo  with  the  style 
and  title  of  a  great  feudatory  princess  who, 
by  reason  of  the  staunch  loyalty  of  her  house 
to  the  British  Government,  is  entitled  to  the 
hearty  esteem  of  every  Briton. 

CHUTTER  MUNZIL. 

MR.  HEBBspeaksof  "Zeibool-Nissa,"  instead 
of  Zeb-ul-Nissa,  the  correct  name  of  the  lady 
in  question.  The  latter  words  mean  orna- 
ment of  the  female  sex,  just  as  Aurungzeb 
means  ornament  of  the  throne ;  whereas 
"Zeib"  has  no  meaning,  and  no  such  word 
or  verbal  factor  exists  in  the  Arabic  or 
Persian  languages.  PATRICK  MAXWELL. 

Bath.  

EXCOMMUNICATION  OF  Louis  XIV.  (9th  S. 
xii.  468,  508). — I,  too,  have  been  unable  to 
find  any  mention  of  Louis  XIV.  having  been 
excommunicated,  but  extract  the  following 
from  M.  -  N.  Bouillet's  '  Diet.  Universe! 
d'Histoire  et  de  Geographic' : — 

"  Lavardin  (Ch.-Henri  de  Beaumanoir,  marquis 
de),  1643-1701,  lieutenant  general  au  gouverneraenb 
de  Bretagne,  fut  envoye  par  Louis  XIV.  en  ambas- 
sade  &  Rome  (1687)  au  moment  ou  le  roi  avait  avec  le 
pape  Innocent  XI.  de  vifs  demel^s  au  sujet  des 
Franchises  et  des  articles  gallicans  de  1682.  II  entra 
dans  Rome  avec  une  troupe  armee,  malgre"  les 
defenses  du  Saint  -  Pere.  Celui  -  ci  refusa  de  le 
recevoir  et  1'excommunia.  Louis  XIV.  se  pr^parait 

venger  son  ambassadeur  quand  Innocent  mourut." 

EDWARD  LATHAM. 

See  Louis  Pierre  Anquetil's  'Histoire  de 
France'  (published  by  Furne  &  Cie.,  Paris, 

:852),  VOl  iv.  pp.  224-6.  GRENOVICENSIS. 

EPITAPH  (9th  S.  xii.  504).— In  'Curious 
Epitaphs'  (1899),  collected  and  edited  with 
notes  by  William  Andrews,  this  epitaph 
iuly  appears.  John  Scott  is  there  said  to 
mve  been  "a  Liverpool  brewer." 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 
West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

'Epitaphs,  Quaint,  Curious,  and  Elegant,' 
)ublished  by  Tegg,  locates  this  epitaph  at 
Jpton- on -Severn,  and  adds  that  "  poor  John 
Scott "  was  a  Liverpool  brewer. 

RICHARD  LAWSON. 

Urmston. 

HEBER'S  '  PALESTINE  '  (9th  S.  xii.  246,  514). 
— There  is  something  more  than  a  resem- 
blance of  words  in  the  parallel  that  I  pointed 
rat.  There  is  a  resemblance  of  ideas.  There 
s  not  the  same  resemblance  between  the 


70 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        BO*  s.  i.  JAS.  23, IM*. 


English  poetry  and  the  verse  in  the  Bible. 
The  word  fabric,  is  in  the  lines  of  Milton, 
Cowper,  and  Heber  ;  and  the  chief  idea  in 
them  of  the  fabric  being  raised  or  constructed 
marvellously  is  not  in  the  verse  of  Kings  to 
which  reference  has  been  made.  For  in  that 
verse  it  is  only  said  that  the  materials  were 
prepared  before  they  were  used,  so  that  the 
sound  of  tools  was  not  heard  whilst  the 
Temple  was  built.  I  admit,  however,  that 
Cowper,  and  perhaps  Heber,  may  have  had 
the  verse  in  mind.  Milton  appears  to  be 
indebted  to  the  line  in  the  '  Iliad '  which 
describes  Thetis  rising  like  a  mist  from  the 
sea.  E.  YARDLEY. 

SADLER'S  WELLS  PLAY  ALLUDED  TO  BY 
WORDSWORTH  (10th  S.  i.  7).— I  have  consulted 
the  following  authorities,  but  have  not  been 
able  to  find  any  reference  to  the  play  said  to 
have  been  founded  on  the  story  of  John 
Hatfield  and  Mary  of  Butterraere  : — 

1.  Oxberry's  '  Dramatic  Biog.' 

2.  Bernard's  '  Retrospections  of  the  Stage.' 

3.  Gilliland's  '  Dramatic  Synopsis.' 

4.  Lowe's  'Biographical  Account  of  Dra- 
matic Literature.' 

5.  J.  T.  Dibdin's  'Reminiscences.1 

6.  John  Britton's  '  Autobiography.' 

7.  Decastro's  '  Memoires.' 

8.  Dickens's  '  Life  of  Grimaldi.' 

9.  '  The  London  Stage,'  G.  Balme  (1826). 

10.  '  The  London  Theatre,'  T.  Dibdin  (1815). 

11.  Cumberland's  'Minor  Theatre.' 

12.  Dicks's  Catalogue. 

13.  Sadler's  Wells  playbills,  in  the  British 
Museum. 

14.  Doran's  'Annals  of  the  Stage.' 

I  shall  be  glad  if  one  of  your  readers  can 
supply  me  with  further  references. 

H.  W.  B. 

CHURCHWARDENS'  ACCOUNTS  (9th  S,  xii.  269. 
394,  510).— Miss  LEGA-WEEKES  should  also 
consult  a  second  and  later  list  of  these  printed 
accounts.  It  was  compiled  by  a  lady  called 
Elsbeth  Philipps,  and  published  in  the 
English  Historical  Review,  xv.  335-41  (1900). 
W.  P.  COURTNEY. 

TOPOGRAPHY  OP  ANCIENT  LONDON  (9th  S. 
xii.  429).— Under  the  heading  '  Jewin  Street, 
City,'  Wheatley's  '  London,  Past  and  Present,' 
vol.  ii.  p.  308,  gives  a  quotation  from  Strype, 
book  iii.  p.  88  :— 

"  Being  a  place,  as  is  expressed  in  a  record,  with- 
out Gripelgate  and  the  suburbs  of  London  called 
Leyrestowe,  and  which  was  the  burying-place  o( 
the  Jews  of  London." 

"The  plot  of  ground  appropriated  as  the 

Jews  burial-ground  is  now,"  says  Stow  (1603), 

turned  into  fair  garden  plots  and  summer 


louses    for    pleasure."    I    cannot    find    any 
;race  in  any  work  of  the  "  Lazar  House." 
ANDREW  OLIVER. 

"  JEER  "  (9th  S.  xi.  487 ;  xii.  357).— When  we 
say  schrauben  in  the  sense  of  "  to  jeer  at "  we 
always  mean  "  einen  schrauben,"  whether  this 
object  is  expressed  or  understood.  The 
phrase  has  nothing  to  do  with  the  face  of  the 
mocker,  but  the  wri things  of  his  victim  whose 
thumb  he  has  clamped  in  the  vice.  It  is  a 
5ame  they  like  much  in  this  country  at  the 
beer-table,  not  pleasant  when  one  poor  fellow 
is  made  the  laughing-stock  of  the  company, 
but  amusing  when  the  attacked  party  is  able 
to  hit  back  ;  the  "  corona  "  then  spending  a 
nice  time  in  witnessing  this  mutual  "screw- 
ing "  process.  G.  KRUEGER. 

Berlin. 

"  LITTLE  MARY  "  (9th  S.  xii.  504).— I  gather 
Prom  the  notice  of  the  Westminster  play  in 
the  Athenaeum  of  19  December,  1903,  that 
the  epilogue  to  the  'Trinuminus,'  which  was 
"extremely  happy,"  introduced  "Parva 
Maria,"  "  Dumpophobista,"  &c. 

WILLIAM  GEORGE  BLACK. 

"WELSH  RABBIT"  (9th  S.  xii.  469). —  In 
addition  to  the  note  by  the  REV.  A.  SMYTHE 
PALMER  at  7th  S.  x.  9,  I  would  refer  your 
correspondent  to  the  reverend  gentleman's 
'Folk-Etymology'  (1882)  for  a  long  article, 
and  illustrations  of  the  use  of  the  term. 
Annandale  in  his  'Imperial  Dictionary'  gives 
the  following : — 

" '  Welali  Rabbit  is  a  genuine  slang  term,  belong- 
ing to  a  large  group  which  describe  in  the  same 
humorous  way  the  special  dish  or  product  or  pecu- 
liarity of  a  particular  district.  For  example,  an 
Essex  lion  is  a  calf;  a  Field-lane  duck  is  a  baked 
sheep's  head  ;  Glasgow  magistrates  or  Norfolk  capons 
are  red  herrings  ;  Irish  apricots  or  Munster plums 
are  potatoes ;  Graresend  sweetmeats  are  shrimps.'— 
Macmillan's  Magazine." 

EVERARD  HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

Was  it  not  Samuel  Johnson  who  transposed 
"  Welch-rare-bit "  into  "  Welsh  rabbit "  ? 

THORNE  GEORGE. 

We  call  a  sort  of  hash  "  falscher  Hase." 

G.  KRUEGER. 
Berlin. 

[MR.  HOLDEN  MAcMiciiAEL  refers  also  to  the 
euphemistic  names  of  dishes  from  localities.] 

ST.  BRIDGET'S  BOWER  (10th  S.  i.  27).— Is  it 
not  probable  that  Spenser  alludes  to  Brent, 
and  not  to  Kent?  and  that  the  "Br"  in  his 
MS.  was  mistaken  for  "K"?  The  parish 
church  of  Breane,  in  the  hundred  of  Brent, 
Somerset,  is  dedicated  to  St.  Bridget,  and 


io«-  s.  i.  JA.V.  23, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


71 


was  restored  in  1884,  the  chancel  being 
rebuilt.  The  "bowre"  alluded  to  might  be 
the  hill,  or  down,  or  elevated  peninsula, 
which  extends  a  mile  into  the  sea,  and  is 
strikingly  conspicuous  from  various  parts  of 
the  surrounding  country.  It  is  called  Brean 
Down,  is  the  most  western  extremity  of  the 
Mendip  Hills,  and  the  only  ground  in  the 
parish  of  Brean  which  is  appreciably  raised 
above  the  level  of  the  sea.  On  the  highest 
point  of  the  hill,  321  ft.  above  the  sea,  are 
some  loose  stones,  usually  regarded  as  the 
remains  of  a  beacon  or  fire-signalling  station. 
Brean  Down  is,  in  fact,  the  longest  and  by 
far  the  most  picturesque  and  interesting  of 
the  three  promontories  that  break  the  coast- 
line of  the  Mendip  (see  Francis  A.  Knight's 
most  interesting  work,  'The  Seaboard  of 
Mendip,'  1902,  pp.  297-9).  "Bridget's  Bowre" 
is  not,  however,  marked  on  a  map  printed  in 
the  seventeenth  year  of  Queen  Elizabeth's 
reign  (1575) ;  but  the  expression  is,  no  doubt, 
merely  poetic  licence,  although  the  associa- 
tion with  the  spot,  and  that  a  picturesque 
promontory,  of  a  church  dedicated  to  St. 
Bridget  would  afford  some  ground  for 
supposing  that  Brean  Down  was  intended. 
Indications  of  a  beacon  light,  too,  are  very 
suggestive  of  the  possibility  that  "Kent "is 
a  press  error  for  '  Brent." 

J.    HOLDEN   MAcMlCHAEL. 

CARDINALS  AND  CRIMSON  ROBES  (9th  S.  xii. 
486).— Misses  Tuker  and  Malleson,  'Hand- 
book to  Christian  and  Ecclesiastical  Home,' 
Part  IV.  p.  447,  say : — 

"It  was  enacted  in  a  constitution  of  Boni- 
face VIII.  in  1297  that  cardinals  should  wear  the 

royal  purple The    red  robes    have    been  worn 

since  1464 ;  the  purple  is  now  only  worn  in  Lent 
and  Advent,  when  cardinals  can  be  distinguished 
from  bishops  by  the  red  skull-cap,  stocking,  and 
berretta  which  they  retain." 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

Mackenzie  Walcott,  in  his  'Sacred  Archaeo- 
logy,' under  the  heading  '  Cardinal,'  says  :— 

"  In  1299  Pope  Boniface  gave  the  cardinals  a 
purple  dress  in  imitation  of  the  Roman  Consuls." 

ANDREW  OLIVER. 

EARLIEST  PLAYBILL  (10th  S.  i.  28).— The 
earliest  announcement  of  the  nature  of  a  play- 
bill of  which  I  have  any  record  is  in  my  own 
collection,  and  is  fully  described  in  'Rariora' 
(iii.  53).  It  relates  to  a  public  contest 
announced  to  take  place  at  the  Red  Bull 
(Theatre),  at  the  upper  end  of  St.  John's 
Street,  on  "  Whitson  Munday,"  30  May,  1664. 
This  theatre  was  spoken  of  by  Prynne  in 
1633  as  one  that  had  been  "  lately  re-edified 
and  enlarged/'  The  next  in  order  of  date 


was  printed  about  the  year  1688,  and  gives 
notice  of  the  formation  of  a  company  of  what 
we  should  now  call  acrobats,  including  the 
celebrated  Jacob  Hall,  but  no  particulars  are 
supplied  about  the  theatre  or  other  public 
place  at  which  the  performances  were  to  be 
given.  The  text  of  each  of  these  pieces  is 
surmounted  by  a  large  woodcut  of  the  royal 
arms,  but  there  is  nothing  else  to  distinguish 
either  from  an  ordinary  handbill.  A  more 
important  sheet,  distinctly  entitled  to  the 
designation  of  a  playbill,  has  also  received 
notice  (ut  supra,  p.  120).  Although  a  century 
later  than  the  date  mentioned  by  your  corre- 
spondent, it  might  possibly  serve  as  a  model. 
It  is  an  announcement  in  folio  form  of  an 
entertainment  (entitled  '  The  English  Diver- 
sion ')  which  very  closely  corresponds  to  that 
offered  at  a  music-hall  of  the  present  day.  It 
is  headed  by  the  royal  arms  with  the  legend 
"Semper  Eadem,"  and  concludes  with  the 
words  "  Vivat  Regina,"  so  that  its  date  must 
be  between  1702  and  1714.  If  I  can  be  of  any 
assistance  to  MR.  SIEVEKING  in  this  matter, 
I  shall  be  very  happy  to  correspond  with 
him.  J.  ELIOT  HODGKIN. 

"  OWL-LIGHT"  (9th  S.  xi.  349,  411,  452 ;  xii. 
511).  —  Anent  the  origin  of  the  French 
expression  "entrechien  et  loup,"  may  I  say 
that,  although  some  authorities  give  the 
two  explanations  mentioned,  only  the  first 
is  assigned  by  earlier  works,  such  as,  for 
instance,  the  Abbe'  Tuet's  '  Matinees 
Senohoises'  (1789),  P.-J.  Le  Roux's  'Diet. 
Comique,'  &c.  (1752),  and  the  'Diet,  de 
Trevoux'  (1771)?  All  these  agree  in  only 
giving  the  first  explanation,  and  the  follow- 
ing lines  seem  to  corroborate  the  idea,  viz. : — 

Lorsqu'il  n'est  jour  ni  nuit,  quan  \  le  vaillant  berger 
Si  c'est  un  chien  ou  loup,  ne  peut  au  vray  juger. 
J.-A.  de  Baif  (1532-89),  Liv.  I.  de  '  La  Francine.' 

G.  Bautru  (1588-1665),  alluding  to  this  pro- 
verbial phrase,  used  to  say,  "  J'ai  rencontre 
une  femme entre  chienne  et  louve."  Although 
M.  Quitard,  in  his  '  Diet.  Etymologique,  <fec., 
des  Proverbes,'  throws  doubt  on  the  first 
explanation,  to  my  mind— I  may  be  wrong — 
it  is  the  correct  one.  EDWARD  LATHAM. 

CASTLE  SOCIETY  OF  MUSICK  (9th  S.  xii.  486). 
— This  was  a  society  for  the  cultivation 
of  harmony,  of  considerable  repute  in  the 
middle  of  the  eighteenth  century.  It  was 
so  designated  because  its  "  concerts  of  music, 
vocal  and  instrumental."  were  for  some  time 
held  at  the  "  Castle "  Tavern  in  Paternoster 
Row.  In  1768,  however,  the  performances 
were  conducted  at  the  Haberdashers'  Hall, 
and  then  business  meetings  were  held  at  the 
"Half  Moon"  Tavern  in  Cheapside  (see 


72 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       DO*  s.  i.  JAX.  23, 190** 


Burn's  '  Beaufoy  Tokens,'  1855,  No.  882).  The 
"  Castle"  was  burnt  down  in  the  Great  Fire, 
and  what  became  a  usual  feature  in  the  more 
popular  resorts  of  this  kind — a  Long  Room — 
was  added.  Here  many  of  the  most  eminent 
musicians  and  vocalists  of  the  day  performed. 
The  following  is  from  the  Daily  Advertiser  of 
22  February,  1742  :— 

"  For  the  Benefit  of  Mr.  Brown,  at  the  Castle 
Tavern  in  Paternoster  Row,  this  Day,  being  the 
22d  instant,  will  be  perform'd  a  Concert  of  Vocal 
and  Instrumental  Musick,  Particularly  an  Organ- 
Concerto  by  an  Eminent  Master,  a  Concerto  on  the 
Bassoon  by  Mr.  Miller,  a  Solo  on  the  German  Flute 
by  Mr.  Balicourt,  and  a  Solo  and  several  Concertos 
on  the  Violin  by  Mr.  Brown.  The  vocal  parts  by 
Mr.  Beard  and  Mr.  Lowe.  Note,  Tickets  to  be 
had  at  Mr.  Brown's,  in  Margaret  Street,  Cavendish 
Square :  at  the  Swan  Tavern,  in  Exchange- Alley, 
Cornhill ;  and  at  the  place  of  Performance." — See 
also  ibid.,  5  March,  1742. 

In  1770  the  "  Castle"  had  become  the  Oxford 
Bible  Warehouse,  \yhere  the  productions  of 
the  Oxford  University  Press  were  deposited. 

J.   HOLDEN  MAcMlCHAEL. 
161,  Hammersmith  Road. 

ST.  DIALS  (9th  S.  xii.  49,  514). —In  the 
seventeenth-century  overseers'  accounts  of 
Monmouth  frequent  mention  occurs  of  the 
hamlet  called  St.  Dials',  just  south-west  of 
this  town.  Twice  the  name  is  spelt 
"St.  Dynalls."  If  this  n  (which  is  clearly 
written)  is  not  meant  for  a  u  (and  I  do  not 
think  it  is),  I  consider  this  strong  evidence 
that  the  place  was  originally  St.  Deinioel's. 
Several  parishes  in  Wales  bear  the  latter 
designation,  under  its  Welsh  form  Llan- 
ddeinioel,  and  "  Dynall "  would  represent  the 
pronunciation  to  English  eyes.  But  Teilo  in 
Monmouthshire  dialect  is  "  Tillio,"  as  in 
Llantilio  Grosenny. 

JOHN  HOBSON  MATTHEWS. 

Monmouth. 

JOHN  HALL,  BISHOP  OF  BRISTOL  (10th  S.  i.  9). 
— I  think  he  must  have  died  in  1710  a 
bachelor,  as  I  cannot  find  any  mention  of  a 
wife  in  the  Rev.  Douglas  Macleane's  admirable 
and  exhaustive  history  of  Pembroke,  Oxon 
(1897),  of  which  College  the  bishop  was 
Master  from  1664  until  his  death.  His  heir 
was  his  nephew  John  Spilsbury,  a  Dissenting 
minister  at  Kidderminster.  His  portrait- 
half-length,  full-face,  clean  shaven,  in  wig 
and  episcopal  robes  —  may  be  seen  in  the 
College  Hall.  A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

ASH  :  PLACE-NAME  (9th  S.  xii.  106,  211,  291, 
373).— May  I  ask  PROF.  SKEAT  to  reconsider 
his  decision  as  to  the  absurdity  of  the  deriva- 
tion of  Asham  from  eesc,  an  ash  ?  He  says 
trees  do  not  live  in  homes.  Just  so,  but 


homes  may  live  in  the  midst  of  trees.  Why 
should  a  homestead  surrounded  by  ashes  not 
be  named  ^Esc-ham  ?  You  have  also  Beecham 
and  Oakham,  and  we  have  Buchheim  and 
Buchenheim,  Eichheim,  Berkheim.  Elsheim 
and  Elsenheim,  and  Tannheim.  An  Eschheim 
or  Eschenheim,  it  is  true,  I  have  not  been 
able  to  trace  in  our  gazetteers. 

G.  KRUEGER. 
Berlin. 

BRIGHTLINGSEA  :  ITS  DEPUTY  MAYOR  (9th  S. 
xii.  506). — I  find  in  my  collection  of  cuttings 
illustrative  of  the  county  of  Essex  one  or  two 
referring  to  the  quaint  custom  brought  to 
the  notice  of  readers  of  'N.  &  Q.'  by 
MR.  COLEMAN.  From  a  descriptive  account 
of  the  ceremony  which  appeared  in  the 
So^ithend-on-Sea  Observer  of  4  Dec.,  1902,  I 
gather  that  the  oath  administered  to  those 
elected  to  the  freedom  of  Brightlingsea  is  as 
follows :  "  I  swear  to  be  profitable  as  I  ought 
to  his  Majesty  the  King,  his  heirs  and 
successors,  and  the  State  of  the  liberty  of  the 
town  of  Brightlingsea."  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

ENGLISH  ACCENTUATION  (9th  S.  xi.  408,  515 ; 
xii.  94,  158,  316,  475).— Perhaps  a  slip  of  the 
pen  or  printer's  error,  but,  certainly,  Antio- 
quia is  wrongly  accented  by  MR.  PLATT.  I 
lived  some  years  in  the  next  State  to 
Antioquia  (Republic  of  Colombia),  and  can 
assure  him  no  one  ever  heard  the  accent 
placed  anywhere  but  on  the  o,  and  no 
Colombian  would  know  what  was  meant  by 
Antioquia.  IBAGUE. 

CROMWELL  BURIED  IN  RED  LION  SQUARE 
(9th  S.  xii.  486).— Enough,  and  more  than 
enough,  has  appeared  in  the  columns  of 
'  N.  &  Q. '  on  the  subject  of  the  place  of 
burial  of  Oliver  Cromwell.  Westminster 
Abbey,  Naseby,  Narborough,  Newburgh, 
Tyburn,  Huntingdon,  Northborough,  and 
Red  Lion  Square,  all  claim  to  be  his  place 
of  burial.  See  1st  S.  v. ;  2n(1  S.  viii.,  xii.  ; 
3rd  S.  iii.,  iv.  ;  5Ul  S.  ii.,  for  many  articles  on 
the  resting-place  of  this  extraordinary  man. 
EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

The  remains  of  Cromwell,  Ireton,  and 
Bradshaw  may,  of  course,  have  been  re- 
exhumed  and  reinterred  in  Red  Lion  Square, 
but  in  'Mercurius  Politicus  Redivivus,  a 
Collection  of  the  most  Materiall  Occurrences 
and  Transactions  in  Publick  Affairs,'  vol.  i. 
fol.  257,  we  are  expressly  told  that  "  their 
bodies  were  buried  in  a  grave  made  under  the 
[Tyburn]  gallows.  The  coffin  that  Oliver 
Cromwell  was  in  was  a  very  rich  thing,  very 


10*  s.  i.  JAN.  -23,  loot.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


73 


full  of  guilded  hinges  and  nayles."  And 
Anthony  Wood  in  his  '  Athense  Oxonienses,' 
1817,  vol.  iii.  col.  301,  says  : — 

"  After  the  Restoration  of  King:  Charles  II. 
Ireton's  body  with  that  of  Oliver  Cromwell  was 
taken  up  [i.e.,  from  their  tombs  in  Henry  VII.'s 
Chapel  in  Westminster  Abbey],  on  Saturday, 
26  Jan.,  1660,  and  on  Monday  night  following  were 
drawn  in  two  several  carts  from  Westminster  to 
the  Red  Lyon  in  Holbourn,  where  they  continued 
that  evening.  The  next  morning  the  carcass  of 
Joh.  Bradshaw,  president  of  the  high  court  of 
justice  (which  had  been  with  great  solemnity  buried 
in  St.  Peter's  Church  at  Westminster,  22  Nov., 
1659),  was  carried  in  a  cart  to  Holbourn  also  ;  and 
the  next  day  following  that  (which  was  the 
30th  January,  on  which  day  King  Charles  I.  was 
beheaded  in  1648)  they  were  drawn  to  Tyburn  on 
three  several  sledges,  followed  by  the  universal 
outcry  of  the  people.  Afterwards  they  being  pulled 
out  from  their  coffins,  were  hanged  at  the  several 
angles  of  that  triple  tree,  where  they  hung  till  the 
sun  was  set.  After  which  they  were  taken  down, 
their  heads  cut  off  (to  be  set  on  Westminster  Hall) 
and  their  loathsome  trunks  thrown  into  a  deep  hole 
[italics  are  mine]  under  the  gallows,  where  they 
now  remain." 

The  deep  hole  is  suggestive  of  an  improbability 
that  the  remains  were  disinterred  by  relatives 
or  partisans,  for  some  time,  at  all  events, 
afterwards.  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

DR.  FURNIVALL  will  find  two  or  three 
columns  devoted  to  this  subject  in  '  Old  and 
New  London,'  iv.  546-8.  I  would  also  refer 
him  to  an  interesting  article  which  appeared 
in  Chambers' s  Journal  of  23  February,  1856, 
bearing  the  title  '  A  Historical  Mystery?  It 
is  devoted  to  a  consideration  of  the  claims  of 
the  various  places  where  Cromwell's  body  is 
said  to  have  been  buried.  Naseby  Field, 
Red  Lion  Square,  Westminster  Abbey,  Hunt- 
ingdon, and  the  river  Thames,  all  pass  under 
review,  but  the  writer  opines  :  "  Where  he 
was  really  buried  is  a  question  that  has  never 
yet  [sic],  and  probably  never  will  be  satis- 
factorily answered."  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

CAPSICUM  (9th  S.  xii.  449).— I  should  have 
thought  the  Capsicum  annuum  came  into 
Europe  from  the  East  vid  the  Levant,  some 
time  pefore  the  Spaniards  discovered  it  also 
growing  in  the  West  Indies.  But  surely 
"chillies"  and  the  powder  produced  by 
crushing  the  dried  pods  were  known  to  Home 
in  the  time  of  the  Caesars.  The  Hindoos 
knew  it  as  gas  murridge,  the  Javanese  as 
lombokt  and  the  Malays  as  chabai. 

THORNE  GEORGE. 

BISHOP  WHITE  KENNETT'S  FATHER  (9th  S 
ix.  365,  455  ;  x.  13).— Hasted's  '  History  of 
Kent,'  folio  edition,  vol.  iii.  p.  404,  states 
that  Basil  Kennett  was  A.M.  of  the  University 


of  Dublin.  Inquiring  of  the  Registrar,  I  am 
assured  that  Basil  Kennett's  name  cannot  be 
;raced  in  any  of  the  lists. 

The  name  Basil  is  probably  derived  from 
;he  lord  of  the  manor  of  Folkestone,  Basil 
Dixwell,  1622,  created  a  baronet  1627,  died 
641.  A  Richard  Kennett  was  mayor  of 
Folkestone  the  year  that  Basil  Dixwell 
succeeded  to  the  lordship,  namely,  1622,  and 
again  in  1627.  May  he  not  have  been  Bishop 
White  Kennett's  grandfather  ? 

R.  J.  FYNMORE. 

Sandgate,  Kent. 

FLAYING  ALIVE  (9th  S.  xii.  429,  489;  10tb 
...  i.  15). — There  is  an  interesting  story  about 
}he  skin  of  a  robber  in  "  My  Sayings  and 
Doings,  with  Reminiscences  of  my  Life.  An 
Autobiography  of  the  Rev.  William  Quekett, 
M.A.,  Rector  of  Warrington  "  (Kegan  Paul  & 
Co.,  1888),  p.  117.  Mr.  Quekett  was  one  day 
(presumably  before  1854,  when  he  was  ap- 
pointed rector  of  Warrington)  with  his 
brother,  Prof.  Quekett,  at  the  College  of 
Surgeons.  Whilst  they  were  together  the 
latter  received  a  letter  which  contained  an 
enclosure  "  which  looked  like  part  of  the 
bottom  of  an  old  shoe,  of  the  thickness  of 
half-a-crown,  of  a  dark  colour,  elastic,  and 
with  the  markings  of  wood  upon  it."  The 
letter  was  from  a  churchwarden  of  the  parish 
of  East  Thurrock,  in  Essex,  who  wanted  the 
professor  to  tell  him,  if  possible,  what  the 
substance  was,  without  having  any  par- 
ticulars of  its  history.  Having  washed  it 
and  cut  a  thin  slice,  he  discovered  under  the 
microscope  that  it  had  all  the  structure  of 
human  skin,  and  on  more  minute  examination 
that  it  was  the  "  skin  of  a  light-haired  man, 
having  the  hair  of  a  sandy  colour."  He  wrote 
to  the  churchwarden,  telling  him  of  the  result 
of  his  examinations.  The  latter  replied  that 
he  (the  professor)  had  "proved  the  truth 
of  a  great  tradition  which  had  existed  for 
years  in  East  Thurrock." 

'•  On  the  west  door  of  the  church  there  had  been 
for  ages  an  iron  plate  of  a  foot  square,  under 
which  they  said  was  the  skin  of  a  man  who  had 
come  up  the  river  and  robbed  the  church.  The 
people  nad  flayed  him  alive,  and  bolted  his  skin 
under  an  iron  plate  on  the  church  door  as  a  terror 
to  all  other  marauders.  At  the  restoration  of  the 
church,  which  was  then  going  on,  this  door  had 
been  removed,  and  hence  he  had  been  able  to  send 
the  specimen." 

It  appears  to  have  been  assumed  that  the 
marauder  who  had  been  skinned  was  a 
Dane.  Mr.  W.  Quekett  had  a  bit  of  the  skin 
fixed  as  a  specimen  for  the  microscope,  and 
wrote  on  the  slide,  "This  is  the  skin  of  a 
Dane  who,  with  many  others,  came  up  the 
river  Thames  and  pillaged  churches.  Caught 


74 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io<»  s.  i.  JAS.  2,3, 190*. 


in  the  act  at  East  Thurrock,  Essex,  and  flayed 
alive." 

The  fate  of  the  specimen  is  interesting. 
Mr.  Quekett  lost  it,  and  knew  nothing  for 
many  years  of  what  had  become  of  it.  In 
or  about  1884,  apparently,  he  was  reading 
aloud  to  some  gentlemen  in  the  hall  of  the 
"  Palace  Hotel,"  Buxton,  an  account  of  a  meet- 
ing of  the  British  Association  at  Penzance.  In 
this  account  he  came  across  the  fact  that 
at  the  meeting  a  microscopic  object,  among 
others  of  special  interest,  had  been  exhibited 
by  a  gentleman  in  the  neighbourhood,  viz., 
a  "Dane's  skin,"  and  that  the  specimen  at 
Penzance  had  on  it,  word  for  word,  what  he 
had  written  on  his  lost  treasure. 

He  exclaimed,  "Why,  this  is  my  Dane's 
skin  !  I  lost  it  twenty  years  ago."  After 
telling  those  present  now  he  had  obtained 
the  specimen,  he  said  aloud,  "  I  wonder  who 
that  man  is."  Immediately  afterwards  the 
porter,  who  had  heard  the  conversation,  said, 
"  Please,  Mr.  Quekett,  I  can  tell  you  who 
that  gentleman  is.  I  was  his  footman  and 

valet  for  four  years  ;  it  is  Mr. ,  who  lives 

at Castle,  near  Penzance."  Mr.  Quekett 

wrote  at  once  to  the  gentleman,  whose  name 
he  does  not  give,  claiming  the  specimen,  and 
asking  him  how  he  had  come  into  possession 
of  it.  The  gentleman  replied  that  the  de- 
scription of  the  specimen  and  the  account  of 
the  inscription  were  perfectly  correct ;  that 
it  had  been  given  to  him  by  a  lady  in 
London  ;  that  he  greatly  valued  it ;  and  that 
should  Mr.  Quekett  ever  be  in  his  part  of 
the  country  and  should  wish  to  see  it,  he 
would  have  great  pleasure  in  showing  it  to 
him.  Beati  possidentes. 

Mr.  Quekett  died  at  the  rectory,  War- 
rington,  on  Good  Friday,  1888.  The  preface 
of  his  autobiography  is  dated  12  January 
of  the  same  year.  ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

St.  Austin's,  Warrington. 

VICISSITUDES  OP  LANGUAGE  (9th  S.  x.  446  • 
xi.  314,  356).— The  following  notes  from  the 
Far  East  may  be  added  as  corroborating 
MR.  H.  LAWRENCE  FORD'S  reply  at  the  second 
reference. 

A  striking  instance  of  the  languages  of  the 
conquered  people  becoming  the  study  of 
their  conquerors  is  furnished  by  Chinese. 
As  often  as  China  had  been  conquered  by  her 
neighbours,  so  many  times  has  she  supplanted 
or  decomposed  their  languages ;  thus,  since 
the  establishment  of  the  present  Manchurian 
Government  (1G36),  the  Manchurians  have 
been  so  assiduous  in  receiving  the  culture  of 
the  Celestials  that  at  present  their  own 
language  is  becoming  almost  extirpated. 


A  few  years  after  Kublai  Khan's  unparal- 
leled failure  in  his  attempts  upon  the 
Japanese  in  1281,  the  latter  first  appeared  as 
buccaneers  on  the  Chinese  coast.  From  that 
time  down  to  the  seventeenth  century  the 
Japanese  played  largely  in  the  Eastern 
world  the  part  of  the  Normans.  Their 
depredations  formed  a  constant  source  of 
consternation  among  the  Chinese,  Coreans, 
Indo-Chinese,  and  the  peoples  of  Indonesia, 
several  principalities  having  been  subdued 
by  them.  Still,  at  present  but  a  few  words, 
if  any,  and  these  limited  to  nouns  only, 
linger  in  those  nations'  languages  as  the 
fossil  fragments  that  mark  faintly  the  former 
power  once  possessed  by  the  ever-invading 
Japanese,  whereas  the  Japanese  descendants 
in  Indo-China  and  the  Philippines  have 
entirely  lost  their  own  language. 

Lately  the  Chinese  are  being  extensively 
taught  by  the  Japanese  in  the  various  lessons 
of  modern  civilization,  in  acquiring  which 
the  latter  were  sagacious  enough  to  precede 
their  old  masters  ;  and  the  Chinese  ought  to 
acknowledge  as  an  historical  fact,  as  long  as 
their  memory  shall  last,  the  great  assistance 
the  Japanese  are  now  rendering  them.  But 
it  is  very  doubtful  whether  the  Japanese 
language  will  much  circulate  and  fix  itself 
among  the  Chinese,  as  some  enthusiasts 
hope.  In  fact,  all  the  words  necessary  to 
these  instructions  are  to  be  in  Chinese,  either 
original  or  japanized  ;  and  in  the  latter  case, 
owing  to  the  identity  of  their  writings,  the 
Celestials,  of  course,  would  discover  nothing 
Japanese,  but  solely  their  own  vulgarism — 
the  tedious  agglutinant  syntax,  the  com- 
paratively scanty  diction,  as  well  as  the 
simple  insular  traditions  of  the  Japanese, 
being  of  no  actual  service  or  tempting  charm 
to  the  Chinese,  whose  convenient  mono- 
syllabic, very  copious  etymology,  and 
variegated  and  comprehensive  historical 
legends,  are  being  more  studied  and  availed 
of  than  ever  by  literary  people  in  the  Japan 
of  to  day.  KUMAGUSU  MINAKATA. 

Mount  Nachi,  Kii,  Japan. 

"GOD":  ITS  ETYMOLOGY  (9th  S.  xii.  465).— 
The  'N.E  D.,'  s.v.  'God,'  has  the  following : 

"  Some  scholars,  accepting  the  derivation  from 
the  root  *gkeu-,  '  to  pour,'  have  supposed  the 
etymological  sense  to  be  '  molten  image '  (=Gr. 
XUTOI/),  but  the  assumed  development  of  meaning 
seems  very  unlikely." 

Now  Hesychius  expressly  ^states  as  follows  : 
"Xyrov,  -\(aa-Tov,  KOI  TO  ^tap-a.,  Kat  o  £eo-ros 
Ai'0os;  i.e.,  "what  is  heaped  up,  a  tumulus, 
a  smooth  stone" — nothing  whatever  about  a 
"molten  image."  In  fact,  the  etymological 
treatment  of  the  word  in  the  'N.E.D.'  is  not 


10'"  8.  1.  JAN.  23,  1904.]  NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


75 


exhaustive.  The  origin  of  Theism  in  ancestor- 
worship  with  its  correlative  tornb  -  worship 
need  not  be  referred  to,  it  being  already 
sufficiently  established  (cf.  Phoen.  "  Betyl," 
name  of  a  god,  and  Heb.  "Beth-el").  The 
connexion,  moreover,  between  smooth  stones 
and  the  tumulus  is  obvious  when  we  consider 
that  the  most  ancient  tumuli  were  constructed 
of  surface  or  river  boulders,  which  thus 
acquired  a  certain  degree  of  sanctity. 

E.  SIBREE. 

MARLOWE  AND  SHAKESPEARE  (10th  S.  i.  1). 
—  MR.  HERPICH  has  done  good  work  in 
publishing  his  collection  of  parallel  phrases 
and  expressions  from  Marlowe  and  Shake- 
speare, and  every  Shakespearian  student 
should  be  thankful  for  them.  But  why, 
after  showing  how  much  Shakespeare  was 
influenced  by  Marlowe,  does  he  try  to  spoil 
the  effect  of  his  labour  by  supposing  that  the 
well-known  lines  in  'As  You  Like  It 'refer 
rather  to  Chapman  than  to  Marlowe,  and 
were  "an  intentional  fling"  at  a  rival  poet? 
The  words  in  the  play  (First  Folio), 

Dead  Shepheard,  now  I  find  thy  saw  of  might, 
Who  ever  lov'd,  that  lov'd  not  at  first  sight? 

certainly  contain  nothing  in  the  nature  of  a 
fling.  On  the  contrary,  the  quotation  is 
made  reverently,  and  almost,  as  one  might 
say,  as  an  apostrophe  to  a  dead  friend.  The 
fact  that  Marlowe  was  dead  when  this  was 
written,  whereas  Chapman  was  alive,  makes 
the  inference  that  Marlowe  was  intended, 
and  that  he  was  the  "Dead  Shepheard," 
simply  irresistible  and  unmistakable.  As  far 
as  I  know,  Shakespeare  never  has  a  fling  at 
any  other  poet.  He  left  such  things  to 
meaner  minds.  E.  F.  BATES. 

CANDLEMAS  GILLS  (9th  S.  xii.  430 ;  10th  S. 
i.  36). — Church  ales  and  observances  form  the 
subject  of  chap.  iv.  of  the  late  Mr.  W.  T. 
Marchant's  erudite  volume  'In  Praise  of 
Ale.'  The  author  was  a  diligent  student  of 
*N.  &  Q.,'  and  acknowledges  the  assistance 
derived  from  its  columns.  It  has  been  more 
than  once  referred  to  since  his  death.  Those 
•who  knew  this  amiable  and  painstaking 
scholar  will  remember  him.  as  a  mine  of 
curious  lore  of  marriage  customs,  proverbs, 
ancient  London,  and  antiquarian  topics. 

FRANCIS  P.  MARCHANT. 

Brixton  Hill. 

"  COUP  DE  JARNAC"  (10th  S.  i.  6).— A  question 
•on  this  was  asked  at  the  London  University 
D.Lit.  examination  in  1880.  "  Un  coup  de 
Jarnac"  means  "a  treacherous  blow."  See 
Belcher  and  Dupuis's  '  Manuel,'  1885 
<Hachette).  B.  WHITEHEAD,  B.A. 


"  SIT  LOOSE  TO  "  (10th  S.  i.  5).— The  following 
quotation  is  from  Thomson's  '  Alfred :  a 
Masque,'  1740 : — 

Attach  thee  firmly  to  the  virtuous  deeds 

And  offices  of  life  ;  to  life  itself, 

With  all  its  vain  and  transient  joys,  sit  loose. 

This  was  a  favourite  quotation  of  Burns  ; 
see  letter  to  Mrs.  Dunlop,  G  December,  1792. 

H.  E.  POWELL. 
Twickenham. 

MARRIAGE  KEGISTERS  (10th  S.  i.  9).— The 
registers  and  records  of  the  marriages  per- 
formed at  the  Fleet  and  King's  Bench  Prisons, 
at  May  Fair,  at  the  Mint  in  Southwark,  and 
elsewhere  between  the  years  1674  and  1754, 
were  transferred  from  the  Registry  of  the 
Bishop  of  London  to  the  custody  of  the 
Registrar-General  of  Births,  Marriages,  and 
Deaths  at  Somerset  House,  under  the  pro- 
visions of  3  &  4  Viet.,  cap.  92,  sec.  20. 
Some  of  the  registers  of  May  Fair  are  at 
St.  George's,  Hanover  Square,  and  some  of 
those  of  the  Fleet  (for  there  were  many)  are 
in  private  hands.  If  MAJOR  THORNE  GEORGE 
requires  any  further  information  he  should 
consult '  The  Fleet  Registers,'  1837,  and  « The 
History  of  the  Parish  Registers  in  England,' 
1842,  both  by  J.  S.  Burn ;  also  '  Parish 
Registers  in  England,5  1883,  by  R.  E.  C. 
Waters.  The  history  of  'The  Mint,  Savoy, 
and  May  Fair  Marriages '  is  given  in  Cham- 
bers's  '  Book  of  Days,'  ii.  120. 

.EVERARD   HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road,  N.W. 

"HEARDLOME":  "HEECH"  (10th  S.  i.  29).— 
A  heard-lome  must  be  a  herd-loom.  Loom  was 
used  in  a  most  varied  manner  for  any  kind 
of  instrument  or  implement,  so  that  herd- 
loom  merely  means  "a  contrivance  for 
herding."  See  *  Loom '  in  « H.E.D.' 

Heech  I  take  to  be  a  variant  of  hitch,  with 
the  sense  of  hitching,  explained  in  the  '  Eng. 
Dial.  Diet.'  (which  see)  as  an  Oxfordshire 
word  meaning  "a  part  of  a  field  ploughed 
and  sown  during  the  year  in  which  the  rest 
of  the  field  lies  fallow." 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

[MR.  HOLDEX  MAcMiCHAEi,  gives  cattle-pen  as 
the  meaning  of  heardlome,  and  refers  to  Jamieson's 
'Diet,,'  s.i:  'Werklome.'  W.  C.  B.  suggests  that 
lome  may  be  htm,  a  woody  valley,  and  quotes  from 
the  '  E.D.D.,'  rf.i'.  '  Loom'  and  'Lum.'] 

JAPANESE  CARDS  (10th  S.  i.  29).— The  only 
work  on  Japan  with  which  I  am  acquainted 
that  contains  an  account  of  Japanese  games 
is  'The  Mikado's  Empire,'  by  W.  E.  Griffis, 
but  the  account  is  meagre  and  confused.  A 
set  of  facsimiles  of  the  pack  described  by 
MR.  PLATT  is  printed  in  the  Transactions  of 


76 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  JAN.  23,  190*. 


the  Asiatic  Society  of  Japan,  vol.  xix.  partiii., 
October,  1891,  to  illustrate  a  paper  by  Major- 
General  H.  S.  Palmer  on  the  game  of  Hana 
Awase,  for  which  the  cards  are  made.  Another 
paper  on  the  game  was  printed  at  Yokohama 
in  1892  by  Mr.  C.  M.  Belshaw,  under  the  title 
of  '  Hana  Fuda,  the  Japanese  Flower  Game 

or  Eighty-Eight.'    The  rules  of  this  and 

other  Japanese  card  -  games  are  also  to  be 
found  in  '  Korean  Games,  with  Notes  on  the 
Corresponding  Games  of  China  and  Japan,' 
by  Stewart  Culin  (Philadelphia,  1895). 

F.  JESSEL. 

In  'Things  Japanese,'  by  Basil  Hall  Cham- 
berlain, 1890,  p.  21,  is  the  following  : — 

"  Ever  since  the  early  days  of  foreign  intercourse 
they  have  likewise  had  certain  kinds  of  cards,  of 
which  the  Jiana-garuta,  or  the  'flower-cards,'  are 
the  most  popular  kind— so  popular,  indeed,  and 
seductive  that  there  is  an  official  veto  on  playing 
the  game  for  money.  The  cards  are  forty-eight  in 
number,  four  for  each  month  of  the  year,  the  months 
being  distinguished  by  the  flowers  proper  to  them, 
and  an  extra  value  attached  to  one  out  of  each  set 
of  four,  which  is  further  distinguished  by  a  bird  or 
butterfly,  and  to  a  second  which  is  inscribed  with  a 
line  of  poetry.  Three  people  take  part  in  the  game, 
and  there  is  a  pool.  The  system  of  counting  is 
rather  complicated,  but  the  ideas  involved  are 
graceful." 

Prof.  Chamberlain,  at  the  end  of  his  article 
on  '  Amusements,'  from  which  the  quotation 
is  taken,  refers  to  '  The  Games  and  Sports  of 
Japanese  Children,'  by  W.  E.  Griffis,  vol.  ii. 
of  the  Asiatic  Transactions.  Under  the  game 
1  Go '  he  refers  to  the  German  Asiatic  Trans- 
actions. As  these  are  (or  I  should  say  were 
in  1890.  and  I  presume  are  still)  the  publica- 
tions of  two  scientific  societies  in  Tokyo,  I 
should  think  ME.  PLATT  will  find  full  in- 
formation in  them.  H.  J.  GIFFOED. 

LORENZO  DA  PA  VIA  (9th  S.  xii.  349,  398).— 
I  am  much  obliged  to  MES.  ADY  for  her  kind 
help,  but  as  she  has  not  given  me  the  title  of 
the  book  I  have  not  yet  been  able  to  discover 
the  passage  I  am  in  search  of.  The  entries 
under  Sansovino  fill  seven  printed  columns 
in  the  British  Museum  Catalogue. 

L.  L.  K. 

SHAKESPEAEE'S  ':VIETUE  OF  NECESSITY" 
(10th  S.  i.  8).— The  drift  of  ME.  DODGSON'S 
query  is  not  apparent  to  me,  but  the 
endeavour  to  twist  out  of  St.  Gregory's 
words  any  connexion  with  the  proverb  is  as 
needless  as  it  is  fruitless.  For  the  phrase 
"facere  de  necessitate  virtutem,"  letter  for 
letter,  was  current  about  a  century  and  a 
half  before  the  saint  was  born,  as  I  informed 
your  readers  twelve  years  ago  (8th  S.  i.  94). 
To  the  examples  which  I  then  adduced  of  its 
employment  by  St.  Jerome  and  later  writers 


now  add  the  following  from  the  'Cent 
Nouvelles  Nouvelles '  (No.  36,  sub  fin.) : 
"  Force  est  que  tu  faces  de  necessite  vertuz." 
The  phrase  appears  in  French  and  Italian 
collections  of  proverbs  published  in  the  six- 
teenth century,  and  must  have  been  as  familiar 
to  Britons  of  the  period  as  to  their  continental 
neighbours.  F.  ADAMS. 

Chaucer  may  be  cited  as  a  witness  to  the 
truth  of  ME.  E.  S.  DODGSON'S  remark  that  "a 
imilar  expression  is  probably  to  be  found  in 
many  books  written  between  the  time  of 
St.  Gregory  and  Bacon."  The  saying  occurs 
twice  in  the  famous  '  Canterbury  Tales.'  In 
that  of  the  Knight  we  read,  "  Then  is  it  wis- 
dom, as  thenketh  me,  to  maken  vertu  of 
necessite ;' ;  and  in  the  Squire's  tale  the 
phrase  runs  "  Than  I  made  vertu  of  neces- 
site." Shakespeare's  works  abound  in 
Chaucerian  quotations.  They  were  pro- 
bably sayings  in  common  use,  and,  to  judge 
by  St.  Gregory's  Epistles,  were  much  older 
than  the  time  of  either  poet. 

ELEANOE  C.  SMYTH. 
Harborne. 

KING  EDGAE'S  BLAZON  (9th  S.  xii.  247).— 
What  purports  to  be  the  coat  of  arms  of  King 
Edgar  appears  on  p.  147  of  '  Divi  Britannici : 
being  A  Remark  upon  the  Lives  of  all  the 
Kings  of  this  Isle  from  the  year  of  the  world 
2855  unto  the  year  of  grace  1660,' by  Sir  Win- 
ston Churchill,  Kt.  (London,  1675).  It  con- 
sists of  a  shield,  having  on  it  a  cross  and  a 
bird  in  each  angle  of  the  cross.  The  cross  is 
what  I  believe  is  called  a  "cross  fleury."  The 
shield  has  a  crown  above  it.  The  birds 
look  to  the  left;  they  have  their  upper 
beaks  slightly  hooked,  and  their  legs  have 
the  thighs  only.  I  regret  that  my  ignorance 
of  heraldic  terms  obliges  me  to  describe  the 
arms  as  I  have  done. 

The  same  coat  of  arms  is  attributed  to 
Edward  the  Elder  and  to  Ethelred  ;  also, 
with  the  addition  of  a  fifth  bird  under  the 
cross,  to  Edward  the  Confessor.  Eadred  has 
the  four  birds,  but  the  cross  is  a  cross  pattee. 

I  suppose  that  many  of  the  coats  of  arms 
and  devices  given  by  Churchill  are  imagi- 
nary ;  e.g.,  he  gives  devices  to  Brute  (grand- 
son of  yEneas),  Malmude,  Belin,  Ludbelin, 
Cassibelin,  Tubelin,  A.M.  2855-3921,  and 
other  kings  of  fabulous  history. 

ROBEET   PlEEPOINT. 

St.  Austin's,  Warrington. 

"GOING  THE  BOUND":  "ROUNDHOUSE" 
(10th  S.  i.  9).— Surely  the  most  reasonable 
explanation  of  the  term  roundhouse  for  a 
prison  is  that  round  towers  were  very  com- 
mon, and  were  well  adapted  for  prisons.  The 


s.  i.  JAN.  23,  i9w.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


77 


Hebrew  word  rendered  "prison"  in  Genesis 
xxxix.  20-23  and  xl.  3,  5,  is  literally  "  round- 
house." It  does  not  matter  in  the  least 
whether  the  writer  intended  to  imply  that 
the  building  was  circular  in  plan,  and  it  is 
impossible  for  us  to  know.  0.  T.  F. 

Winterton,  l)oncaster. 

SLEEPING  KING  ARTHUR  (9th  S.  xii.  502).— 
Scott,  in  his  appendix  to  the  general  preface 
to  the   Waverley    Novels,    tells    much    the 
same  story.    But  in   his  story  the    feat  is 
performed,  though  not  successfully,  and  the 
words  uttered  are  these  :— 
Woe  to  the  coward  that  ever  he  was  born, 
Who  did  not  draw  the  sword  before  he  blew  the 
horn. 

In  Scott's  narrative  the  Eildon  Hills  on 
the  Borders  are  the  scene  of  Arthur's 
enchanted  slumber ;  but  numerous  are  the 
places  in  which  he  is  supposed  to  lie.  Avilion 
is  generally  thought  to  be  his  resting-place. 
In  a  legend  mentioned  by  Gervase  of  Tilbury 
it  is  said  that  King  Arthur  has  resided  in  a 
delicious  valley  near  Mount  Etna  ever  since 
his  supposed  death,  and  that  his  wounds 
break  out  afresh  every  year. 

E.  YARDLEY. 

LITTLE  WILD  STREET  CHAPEL,  DRTJRY 
LANE  (9th  S.  xi.  246). — According  to  the  vicar 
of  St.  Peter's,  Upper  Holloway,  the  Storm 
Sermon  which  was  preached  in  this  old 
chapel  for  nearly  two  hundred  years  "is  still 
annually  preached,  and  was  preached  on 
29  November  last  by  the  Rev.  H.  Bright  in 
the  Olympic  Theatre,  which  is  now  being 
used  by  the  St.  Giles  Prison  Mission  during 
the  rebuilding  of  the  chapel  by  the  L.C.C." 
FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

"  RED  RAG  TO  A  BULL  "  (9th  S.  xii.  309). 
People  in  this  part  believe  that  the  red  flag 
fascinates,  they  do  not  say  enrages,  the  kaino- 
shika,  the  only  antelope  indigenous  to  Japan 
Hunters  carry  it  with  them,  and  spread  it 
before  the  animal,  so  as  to  fix  its  attention 
and  steps  that  it  may  be  shot. 

KUMAGUSU  MlX AK  ATA. 
Mount  Nachi.  Kii,  Japan. 

EUCHRE  (9th  S.  xii.  484  ;  10th  S.  i.  13).— At 
the  first  reference  I  proposed  an  imaginary 
origin  for  this  word,  founded  (as  it  appears^ 
on  false  information.  I  am  therefore  glad  to 
find  that  it  was  promptly  knocked  on  the 
head.  But  I  have  now  another  suggestion  to 
make,  founded  on  the  fact  that  the  care 
called  the  joker  is  often  used  in  the  game,  for 
which  see 'Euchre'  and  'Joker'  in'H.KD. 
I  think  it  likely  that  euchre  is  the  D\i.jokker, 
-a  joker.  Hexham  -explains  Du.  jokker  by 


jester,  a  jeerer,  a  mocker,  a  flouter" ;  so  that 
it  is  a  fairly  old  word  in  Dutch, 

The  probability  that  the  Du.  jo-  should 
have  been  rendered  by  E.  eu-  appears  from 
bhe  fact  that  the  Du.  jujf'rouw  is  spelt  euphroe 
in  English  ;  see  '  H.E.D.'  It  is  the  result  of 
our  "scholarship,"  which  teaches  us  Greek, 
but  not  Teutonic.  The  Du.  ju-  is  turned  into 
Gk.  eu-,  and  the  Du.  ff  and  kk  into  Gk.  ph 
and  ch.  It  is  a  triumph  of  "  learning  "  over 
practice  and  fact.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT, 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

A  History  of  Theatrical  Art  in  Aticient  and  Modem 
Tinies.  By  Karl  Mantzius.  Authorized  Trans- 
lation by  Louise  von  Cossell.  Vols.  I.  and  II. 
(Duckworth  &  Co.) 

USHERED  in  by  an  introduction  by  Mr.  William 
Archer,  this  history  of  theatrical  art  by  Dr. 
Mantzius  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  and  valu- 
able contributions  that  have  been  made  in  recent 
years  to  our  knowledge  of  an  important  and  a 
stimulating  subject.  Unlike  almost  all  previous 
works,  it  is  a  history  neither  of  the  drama  nor  the 
stage,  but  of  theatrical  representations.  The  Eng- 
lish work  most  closely  resembling  it  is  '  The  Attic 
Theatre'  of  Mr.  A.  E.  Haigh,  issued  at  the  Claren- 
don Press  in  1889,  in  which  the  use  of  some  of  the 
illustrations  now  employed  is  anticipated.  As  is 
indicated  by  the  title,  the  book  of  Mr.  Haigh  is 
confined  to  the  Athenian  stage,  while  that  of  Dr. 
Mantzius  extends  beyond  the  limits  hitherto  recog- 
nized as  theatrical. 

That  .the  origin  of  all  drama  is  religious  is 
conceded.  Not  contented  with  tracing  back 
to  the  Dionysiac  cult — to  the  sacrifice  of  the  he- 
goat  (tragos)  the  origin  of  tragedy,  and  to  the  rout 
(komos)  of  satyrs  and  ithyphalloi  that  of  comedy — 
Dr.  Mantzius  shows  the  development  of  the  dra- 
niatic  idea  in  most  forms  of  primitive  culture.  It 
is  natural  that  he  should  have  been  to  some  extent 
anticipated  in  his  task  by  German  scholars.  He  is 
careful,  however,  to  acknowledge  the  extent  as 
well  as  the  nature  of  his  indebtedness.  Nowhere, 
in  anything  approaching  to  the  same  space,  can 
we  find  a  work  giving  in  a  form  so  trustworthy, 
so  scientific,  and  at  the  same  time  so  pop_ular,  an 
equal  amount  of  available  and  interesting  informa- 
tion. We  say  this  with  a  full  knowledge  of  the 
encyclopaedic  '  Geschichte  des  Dramas '  of  J.  L. 
Klein,  a  work,  however,  as  widely  different  in  scope 
as  it  is  more  elaborate  in  scheme  and  execution. 
Dr.  Mantzius,  it  must  be  premised,  is  a  leading 
actor  on  the  Copenhagen  stage,  and  is  one  of  the 
few  men  of  his  occupation  who  have  made  a  lasting 
contribution  to  the  history  of  his  profession.  Many 
of  our  best  dramatists,  from  ^Eschylus  down- 
wards, have  been  actors.  Those  who,  like  Dr. 
Mantzius,  Devrient.  Colley  Cibber,  and  Louis 
Riccoboni,  have  added  to  serious  knowledge  may 
be  counted  on  the  fingers.  In  the  two  volumes 
before  us  our  author  deals  with  the  earliest  times 
and  with  the  Middle  Ages  and  the  Renaissance. 
A  third  volume — for  which,  it  is  to  be  hoped,  we 
shall  not  have  long  to  wait— is  concerned  with  the 
drama  of  England  in  the  time  of  Shakespeare. 


78 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  JAN.  -23,  MM. 


After  a  few  opening  passages  on  the  relation  of 
dramatic  art  to  other  arts,  Dr.  Mantzius  proceeds 
to  find  in  the  artistic  phenomena  of  primitive  tribes 
the  origin  of  theatrical  representations,  and  points 
out  analogies  between  the  Greek  drama,  poetical  and 
perfect  in  form,  and  the  religious  festivals  of  the 
Indians  of  the  North- West  or  the  Melanesian  peo- 
ples. In  the  proceedings  of  the  secret  societies  of 
the  Polynesians,  notably  in  the  Areoi,  he  finds  the 
original  type  of  a  touring  company  of  actors.  Thence 
he  passes  to  the  Chinese,  Japanese,  and  Indian 
theatres,  pointing  out  in  his  progress  that  in  Japan- 
ese art  the  ideal  representation  of  men  consists  in 
"  a  sharply  drawn  exaggeration."  When  we  come  to 
the  Greek  stage  the  most  interesting  portion  of  the 
author's  labours  is  reached,  albeit  it  is  that  in 
which  he  encounters  the  keenest  competition.  By 
the  aid  of  numerous  illustrations,  many  of  them  of 
great  beauty  and  value,  he  supplies  the  most  com- 
pendious and  illuminatory  account  of  his  subject  to 
which  the  student  can  turn.  Recent  discoveries 
concerning  the  acting  of  plays  in  the  orchestra 
instead  of  on  a  raised  stage  are  briefly  and  lucidly 
explained.  The  general  construction  of  the  stage  is 
shown,  and  suggestive  conjecture  is  supplied  as  to 
the  suspension  of  the  deus  ex  machine*,.  The  phallic 
nature  of  an  exhibition  is  depicted  in  the  illustra- 
tions. The  situation  of  the  spectators  and  many 
interesting  facts  concerning  points  such  as  the 
remuneration  of  the  actors  are  brought  forward. 
Neither  less  comprehensive  nor  less  trustworthy 
is  the  account  of  the  liturgical  drama  and  the 
mediaeval  stage  generally.  Rather  elaborate  de- 
scriptions of  the  scenic  phenomena  of  representa- 
tions of  the  ecclesiastical  drama  are  given.  We 
had  marked  for  approving  comment  scores  of 
passages,  but  our  limited  space  prohibits  our  deal- 
ing with  them.  We  can  but  add  that,  so  far  as  it 
has  gone,  the  work  may  be  recommended  to  the 
student  as  the  handsomest,  most  trustworthy,  and 
most  readable  to  which  he  can  turn. 

A  New  English  Dictionary  on  Historical  Principles. 

Edited  by  Dr.  James  A.  H.  Murray.  —  Outjet — 

Ozyat.  (Oxford,  Clarendon  Press. ) 
THE  new  year's  instalment  of  the  great  dictionary 
consists  of  the  letter  O  from  Outjet  to  the  close. 
In  order  to  complete  the  letter  the  part  has  been 
enlarged  to  one  hundred  pages,  the  rectification  of 
the  excess  being  charged  to  forthcoming  issues. 
When  the  three  volumes  now  in  progress  under  the 
respective  charge  of  Dr.  Murray,  Dr.  Bradley,  and 
Mr.  Craigie  are  complete  the  alphabet  from  its 
beginning  to  the  end  of  S  will  be  in  the  hands  of 
subscribers.  Already,  in  the  species  of  folk-phrase 
it  is  our  wont  to  chronicle,  "  the  back  is  broken  " 
of  the  task  undertaken.  The  old  rate  of  superiority 
over  previous  vyorks  is,  naturally,  maintained,  and 
11,146  illustrative  quotations  are  opposed  to  1,463 
in  the  '  Century  Dictionary,'  which  furnishes  the 
nearest  approach  to  rivalry. 

Very  nearly  the  first  quarter  of  the  instalment  is 
occupied  with  the  completion  of  the  compound 
words  in  out,  many  of  which  have  high  interest, 
while  of  some,  as  is  stated,  the  history  is  now 
told  for  the  first  time.  Outrigger  it  is  thus  shown 
was  anticipated  in  the  language  by  outligger,  of 
which  it  may  be  in  part  an  alteration,  an  out-lygger 
being,  in  the  'Howard  Household  Books,  1481-90,' 

associated  with  "  a  pompe j.  tope  mast ;  a  chest 

with  gonne  stones."    Outrigger,  meanwhile,  is  not 
encountered  until   the  eighteenth  century.     Out- 


lander,    probably   suggested    by  Dutch  uitlander, 
appears  as  an  equivalent  to  alien  in  Verstegan, 
1605.     Very  valuable  historical  information  is  sup- 
plied under  outlaw:  and  outlawry.     A  column  of 
special  interest  and  importance  is  furnished  under 
the  latter  word.    Under  the  former  we  recall  dimly 
in  a  glee,  we  believe  by  Bishop,  the  lines — 
The  farmer,  the  farmer,  may  sow, 
The  bold  outlaw  must  reap. 

We  are  not  assigning  any  philological  importance 
to  this  quotation,  which  is  only  of  the  last  century. 
What  is  said  under  clandestine  outlawries  is  specially 
to  be  consulted.  0«^ay=expenditure  is  of  1798, 
while  outlet=Sii\  exit  dates  back  to  1250,  and  outline 
=lines  forming  a  contour  to  1662,  Evelyn  being 
responsible  for  its  use.  Outlook  as  a  verb  is  earlier 
than  as  a  substantive.  Under  outnumber  Keats's 
"Past  kisses  to  outnumber"  ('Ode  to  Psyche') 
should  be  quoted  for  its  literary  value.  Out  of  is 
interesting  in  connexion  with  in  to,  as  well  as  in 
such  forms  as  "  out  of  date,"  "out  of  doors,"  "out 
of  the  way,"  &c.  Beaumont's  '  Psyche,'  1648,  is 
responsible  for  outplay  in  its  customary  modern 
sense.  Outrage  has  an  important  history.  Under 
outrance  Dr.  Murray  naturally  brands  as  erro- 
neous the  phrase  a  V  out  ranee..  i9«<>'e=extravagant 
has  the  authority  of  Fielding.  Outrooper  was  at 
one  time  the  specific  name  of  the  common  crier  of 
the  City  of  London.  Outspan  reaches  us  from 
South  Africa  in  1824.  Outspoken  is  of  the  last  cen- 
tury. The  combinations  of  over  are  scarcely  less 
numerous.  In  overhear  and  ocertake  the  sense  of 
the  over  is  said  to  be  difficult.  Words  with  this 
prefix  are  not,  as  a  rule,  of  great  antiquity.  Over- 
flow is  an  illustrious  exception.  Not  before  have 
the  meaning  and  history  of  overslaugh  been  given, 
though  the  word  has  been  in  the  language  for  one 
hundred  and  thirty  years.  Much  that  is  new  and 
valuable  will  be  found  under  overture.  See  espe- 
cially under  the  verb,  sense  2,  relating  to  the 
supreme  Presbyterian  court.  Few  parts  of  the 
work  repay  study  better  than  the  various  uses 
of  owe  and  own.  In  connexion  with  owl  and  owlet 
the  reader  should  see  also  Owl-glass,  the  English 
equivalent  of  the  German  Eulenspiegd.  Among  the 
various  scientific  and  other  words  in  ox  the  reader 
will  do  well  to  note  the  word  oxlip,  of  which  the 
definition  and  history  are  alike  excellent.  Oyer, 
oyez,  and  oyster  merit  close  attention.  Under 
ozokerit  we  would  fain  see,  though  we  could  scarcely 
expect  to  find,  the  lines,  parodying  Tennyson, — 

When  bright  through  breadth  of  public  prints 

Flamed  that  great  word  ozokerit. 
Ozone,  1840,  and  its  compounds,  all,  with  a  single 
exception,  later,  close  the  part,  except  for  or.i/at, 
an  illiterate  spelling  of  orgeat. 

Memoir   of  Benjamin   Franklin   Stevens.     By  G. 

Manville  Fenn.     (Printed  at  the  Chiswick  Pres& 

for  private  distribution  ) 

To  many  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  the  name  of  Benjamin? 
Franklin  Stevens,  as  also  of  his  brother  Henry, 
may  be  familiar.  This  memoir  is  due,  as  Mr.  Fenn 
testifies,  to  "  much  long  and  patient  assistance  in 
the  selection  of  papers"  by  the  executors,  Charles 
J.  Whittingham  and  Henry  J.  Brown.  The  result 
must  be  to  them  an  ample  reward,  for  in  these 
pages  we  have  a  perfect  record  of  a  good  and  useful 
life.  Mr.  Stevens,  born  on  the  19th  of  February, 
1833,  was  the  tenth  of  eleven  children  of  Henry 
Stevens,  of  Barnet,  Vermont,  who  was  "  one  of 


i.  JAN.  -23, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


79 


those  sturdy,  hard-working,  practical,  self-taught 
men  who,  besides  being  the  head  of  those  who  gathered 
round  his  domestic  hearth,  became  to  a  certain  ex- 
tent the  magisterial  leader  of  his  township."  He 
loved  books,  collected  and  read  them,  and  became 
well  known  as  the  founder  of  the  Vermont  Historical 
Society.  Young  Stevens,  when  only  fourteen,  left 
home  for  Albany,  where,  in  the  offices  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  State,  he  copied  historical  manuscripts  for 
his  father,  and  in  1852  obtained  an  official  appoint- 
ment there.  In  the  meantime  his  brother  Henry, 
who  was  fourteen  years  his  senior,  had  come  to 
London  in  1845,  and  had  become  a  purchaser  of 
American  books  for  the  British  Museum,  with  the 
result  that  it  now  contains  a  more  extensive 
library  of  American  books  than  any  single  library 
in  the  United  States.  Franklin  helped  him  in 
his  purchases,  and  in  1858  became  his  agent,  and  on 
the  9th  of  July,  1860,  joined  his  brother  in  England, 
where  he  shared  rooms  with  Mr.  Somerby ;  and 
George  Feabody,  who  liked  their  society,  dined 
with  them  once  a  week,  making  a  point  of  adding 
to  his  contributions  to  the  dinner  a  duck,  which 
he  would  bring  himself  ready  for  the  housekeeper 
to  prepare.  Upon  one  occasion  Peabody  quietly  put 
out  one  of  the  two  candles,  remarking  that  one  was 
enough  with  which  to  see  to  talk.  It  was  during 
their  communion  that  the  rough  plan  of  the  famous 
Peabody  Trust  was  put  to  paper.  In  1866  Stevens 
was  appointed  Dispatch  Agent  of  the  United  States 
Government  at  London  ;  and  in  1867  "  the  tyranny 
of  business  was  sufficiently  relaxed"  to  allow  of 
his  taking  his  wife— he  had  married  Charlotte 
Whittingham,  a  daughter  of  Charles  Whittingham 
of  the  Chiswick  Press — to  visit  the  home  so  dear  to 
him  at  Vermont.  During  his  absence  not  a  •vyeek  had 
been  allowed  to  elapse  without  a  letter  to  his  father 
or  mother.  Stevens  would  often  recall  quaint  inci- 
dents in  the  old  Vermont  days :  among  others  that 
"  in  the  Scotch  church  at  Barnet  there  had  grown 
up  a  custom  for  the  whole  congregation  to  stand 
during  the  ministers  prayer,  and  as  such  extempore 
appeals  were  long  and  their  periods  well  known, 
a  tacit  arrangement  had  been  arrived  at  by  the 
hearers,  who  from  old  experience  provided  for  a 
time  of  rest.  No  signal  was  given,  but  at  one 
particular  point  which  all  present  recognized,  it 
was  felt  that  the  moment  had  come  to  '  change  to 
the  other  foot,'  and  the  men  of  the  congregation 
hearers  who  had  driven  in  from  a  distance  in  the 
country— raised  and  brought  down  the  butt  ends  of 
their  whips  upon  the  floor  with  a  precision  and 
resonance  that  was  electrifying." 

In  1871  Stevens  had  to  take  dispatches  to  Mr.  Wash- 
burne,  the  United  States  minister  in  Paris,  then  in 
the  hands  of  the  Commune  and  bein»  besieged  by 
MacMahon.  When  near  the  Arc  de  Triomphe  "a 
shell  came  whistling  towards  us,  and  exploded  in 
the  air  over  our  heads.'1  In  making  reference  to 
the  famous  book  collections  of  the  United  States, 
both  public  and  private,  the  memoir  justly  states 
that  "  no  small  portion  of  these  have  reached  their 
present  and  abiding  destination  through  the  agency 
in  Trafalgar  Square.  Prior  to  1887  the  only  records 
of  the  public  sales  of  such  works  were  the 

auctioneers'  catalogues In  1887,   however,  was 

commenced  that  well-known  and  useful  work  of 
reference  '  Book-Prices  Current,'  and  a  careful 
examination  of  the  volumes  will  reveal  how  large  a 
proportion  of  the  really  important  works  sold  by 
auction  during  recent  years  have  been  purchased 
by  Benjamin  Franklin  Stevens."  He  died  on  the 


5th  of  March,  1902,  after  a  long  illness  borne  with  the 
greatest  fortitude.  He  was  a  man  of  modest  nature 
and  simple  living,  and  it  has  been  well  said  of  him  : 
"Everybody  knew  him  as  a  sturdy  New  Englander, 
one  of  the  most  lovable  men  that  ever  gripped  the 
hand  and  said  '  God  speed.5 " 

At  the  end  of  the  volume  is  the  "  Introduction  to 
the  Catalogue  Index  of  Manuscripts  in  the  Archives 
of  England,  France,  Holland,  and  Spain  relating  to- 
America,  1763  to  1783f  compiled  in  Three  Divisions, 
in  each  of  which  all  of  the  161,000  Document* 
enumerated  are  cited.  Compiled  by  Benjamin. 
Franklin  Stevens  (of  Vermont)."  During  his  last 
few  months  he  was  engaged  in  planning  the  final 
details  of  this  great  catalogue,  "and  in  giving  in- 
structions as  to  arrangement,  title-pages,  binding,. 
&c. ,  of  these  beautiful  manuscript  volumes,  mostly 
on  hand-made  paper  bearing  his  own  watermark. 

"  As  to  arrangement,  it  is  in  three  divisions  : — 

"(1)  A  Catalogue  of  the  papers  in  the  order  in 
which  they  exist  in  the  various  archives  or  collec- 
tions. This  forms  fifty  volumes. 

"(2)  A  Chronological  arrangement  of  the  same, 
which  by  giving  to  each  document  a  precis  of 
contents  and  other  details,  is  extended  into  one 
hundred  volumes. 

"  (3)  An  Alphabetical  index  to  the  same  by 
writers  and  receivers,  or  where  no  author  is  known, 
then  by  subject  matter,  in  thirty  volumes. 

"The  binding,  according  to  his  express  wish,  is- 
in  full  morocco,  a  different  colour  marking  the 
three  sets. 

"  It  is  the  hope  of  his  relatives  and  friends  at  the 
time  this  memoir  is  written,  that  this  great  and 
unique  work  will  eventually  find  its  place  in  one  of 
the  National  Institutions  of  the  United  States." 

The  memoir  contains  excellent  portraits  of  Mr. 
B.  F.  Stevens,  his  father,  his  mother  Candace,  and. 
his  wife- Charlotte. 

Oxford  Miniature  Edition  of  Shakespeare.  Edited, 
with  a  Glossary,  by  W.  J.  Craig,  M.A.  —  The 
Comedies;  Tragedies;  Histories,  Poems,  and 
Sonnets.  (Frowde.) 

I>*  three  ravishing  little  volumes,  each  with  a 
different  portrait  and  glossary,  and  each  on  Oxford 
India  paper,  we  have  the  "Oxford  Miniature 
Edition  of  Shakespeare."  It  is  a  delightful  and 
most  convenient  form  in  which  to  possess  the  com- 
plete works  of  the  greatest  of  writers.  The  Oxford 
Shakespeare  on  India  paper  has  long  been  with  us 
a  cherished  and  constantly  used  edition.  The 
present  is  even  more  attractive,  and  has  the  added 
value  of  portability.  It  is  equally  to  be  prized  as  a 
gift-book  and  a  possession.  Small  as  it  is,  the  text 
is  perfectly  legible.  The  get-up  is  specially  at- 
tractive. 

Miniature  Series  of  Musician^.— Mozart.    By  Eben- 

ezer  Prout,  B.A.— Gomiod.    By  Henry  Tolhurst. 

—Beethoven.     By  J.  S.  Shedlock,  B.A.— Arthur 

Sullican.    By  H.  Saxe  Wyndham.    (Bell  &  Sons.) 

MESSES.  BELL  &  SONS  have  begun  a  "Miniature 

Series  of  Musicians,"  to  rank  with  a  similar  series 

of  painters.     Like  the  old,  the  new  volumes  are 

trusted  to  writers  of  proclaimed  authority,  and, 

like  theni,  they  are  graced  by  portraits  and  other 

illustrations.     Opportunities  for  illustration   are, 

naturally,  not  so  abundant  in  the  case  of  musicians 

as  in  that  of  painters,  but  rare  prints  and  the  like 

are  abundantly  reproduced,  and  the  idea  on  which 

the  publication  is  based   and  the  execution   are 


80 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  JAN.  23, 190*. 


equally  to  be  commended.  In  the  case  of  Gounod 
there  are  some  interesting  facsimiles. 

The    Clergy   Directory   and   Parish    Guide,    1004. 

(Phillips.) 

IN  due  course  this  best  of  guides  to  the  clergy  of 
the  Established  Church  makes  its  appearance.  It 
supplies,  as  before,  an  alphabetical  list  of  the 
•clergy,  with  their  qualifications,  order,  appoint- 
ment, &c.  ;  a  list  of  parishes  and  parochial  dis- 
tricts ;  the  diocesan  and  cathedral  establishments ; 
and  other  kindred  matter.  One  or  two  improve- 
ments in  an  indispensable  volume  may  be  dis- 
covered by  the  careful  reader.  In  a  prolonged  use 
of  the  work  we  have  not  come  upon  an  inaccuracy. 

WE  are  indebted  to  Mr.  Henry  Frowde,  of  the 
•Oxford  Press,  for  one  of  the  hundred  copies  of  the 
presentation  edition  of  A  Chart  of  Oxford  Printing, 
1408-1900,  with  notes  and  illustrations,  by  Falconer 
Madan.  Mr.  Madan  states  in  the  preface  that  "an 
attempt  has  been  made  in  this  book  to  exhibit  the 
fluctuations  in  the  output  of  the  Printing  Press  at 
Oxford,  and  to  illustrate  them  by  some  annals, 
flotes,  and  lists.  A  paper  on  this  subject  was 
read  before  the  Oxford  Architectural  and  Histori- 
cal Society  on  February  7,  1888,  and  a  lecture  from 
notes  was  given  before  the  Bibliographical  Society 
on  October  20,  1902  (see  the  news  sheet  of  the  latter 
Society  for  November,  1902)."  Mr.  Frowde  invited 
ihim  to  reproduce  the  notes  and  a  manuscript  chart 
-exhibited  at  the  lecture  in  the  Periodical  of 
December,  1902,  and  the  Council  kindly  allowed 
this  to  be  done.  "  At  Mr.  Frowde's  suggestion 
this  larger  chart  has  been  prepared.  The  whole  of 
the  statistics  have  been  computed  afresh  for  the 
purpose,  and  almost  everything  in  the  book  now 
issued  is  new." 

The  first  book  printed  at  Oxford  is  given  as 
December  17,  1468,  but  at  the  foot  of  the  beautiful 
-facsimile  of  its  first  page  Mr.  Madan  puts  a  note 
-of  interrogation  (1478  ?).  The  press  appears  to  have 
had  no  connexion  with  the  works  of  Caxton.  The 
ifirst  book  printed  at  the  second  press  was  on 
December  4,  1517-  In  1585,  with  1007.  lent  by  the 
University,  Joseph  Barnes  commenced  printing ; 
and  the  Oxford  Press  has  been  in  continuous 
activity  ever  since.  In  1636-7  the  University 
handed  over  to  the  Stationers'  Company  all  its  rights 
of  printing  Bibles,  Lily's  'Grammar,'  &c.,  for  three 
years,  in  consideration  of  receiving  2001.  a  year. 
.The  first  type-founding  at  Oxford  was  about  1667. 
'  The  actual  founder  seems  to  have  been  Peter  Wal- 
ipergen,  a  Dutchman  from  Batavia.  It  is  curious 
to  note  that  in  1673  many  of  the  compositors  were 
Frenchmen,  of  whom  Gallot  was  one;  and  those 
seeking  to  know  "  Who  was  Junius? "  will  find  that 
in  1677  Francis  Junius  presented  Gothic,  Runic, 
-"Icelandic,"  and  Anglo-Saxon  punches.  In  1693 
the  first  specimens  of  type  published  in  England 
were  issued  from  the  Sheldonian  Press.  In  1714-15 
Thomas  Hearne,  the  antiquary,  was  elected  Archi- 
typographus.  In  1830  the  present  Clarendon 
Press  was  opened,  and  in  1836  the  first  cylinder 
printing  machine  introduced  and  the  first  steam 
engine  used.  In  1842  the  Oxford  India  paper  was 
first  used  for  a  diamond  24mo  Bible.  In  1860  was 
the  first  stereotyping  by  the  paper  process,  electro- 
typing  following  in  1863.  1881  is  notable  as  the 
year  in  which  the  Revised  New  Testament  was  pub- 
lished. This  was  on  the  17th  of  May,  and  on  that 
•day  upwards  of  a  million  Oxford  copies  were  sold. 


It  is  related  in  'John  Francis  and  the  Athenaeum ' 
that  the  publication  took  place  in  New  York  three 
days  afterwards,  and  the  proprietors  of  the  Chicago 
Times  had  the  whole  telegraphed  to  Chicago.  After 
the  four  Gospels  had  been  telegraphed  a  copy  of 
the  work  was  received,  and  from  this  the  rest  was 
printed,  and  the  entire  Testament  appeared  in  the 
Chicago  Times  of  the  22nd  of  May.  In  1882  the 
'New  English  Dictionary,'  estimated  to  make 
13,000  pages  in  ten  volumes,  was  begun ;  on  the 
19th  of  May,  1885,  the  Revised  Version  of  the  Old 
Testament  was  published  ;  and  in  1900  the  series 
of  Oxford  Classical  Texts  was  commenced.  The 
illustrations  include,  in  addition  to  the  Chart,  the 
first  Oxford  Sheet  Almanack,  1674,  facsimiles  of 
first  pages,  and  views. 


THE  Delegates  of  the  Clarendon  Press  have  long 
contemplated  a  standard  edition  of  the  complete 
works  of  Ben  Jonson.  They  have  secured  the  co- 
operation of  Prof.  C.  H.  Herford  and  of  Mr.  Percy 
Simpson,  who  has  been  engaged  for  ten  years  or 
more  on  a  critical  examination  of  Jonson :s  text. 
The  forthcoming  edition  will  be  printed  uniformly 
with  the  editions  of  Kyd  and  Lyly  recently  issued 
from  Oxford,  and  will  probably  occupy  nine  8vo 
volumes.  We  wish  the  Delegates  could  see  their 
way  to  issue  an  edition  of  Beaumont  and  Fletcher, 
the  Tudor  dramatists  who  call  most  conspicuously 
for  republication. 


We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication  "  Duplicate." 

R.  P.  H.  ("  Historical  and  Mnemonic  Rime  ").— 
"  The  Romans  in  England  long  held  sway  "  is  given 
in  full  3rd  S.  v.  18.  It  is  by  John  Collins,  and  called 
'The  Chapter  of  Kings.'  See  also  'Historical 
Rime,'  9tB  S.  xi.  209. 

S.  SMITH  ("Pathology "). —Any  bookseller  will 
get  you  a  cheap  medical  dictionary. 

CKRVICULUS.— "  Differ  from  "  is  preferable. 

KOTICR. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
bo  "The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries  '"—Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
lisher"— at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  B.C. 

We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
ommunications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do  not 
print ;  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


i.  JAN.  -23,  loot.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


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NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io*  s.  i.  JAN.  23,  UM. 
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81 


LONDON,  SATUUDAY,  JANUARY  SO,  190U. 


CONTENTS.-No.  5. 

NOTES  :— Bibliography  of  Publishing  aud  Bookselling,  81 
— The  Trelawny  Ballad,  83— Irish-printed  Plays,  84— The 
Fortune  Theatre  in  1649— Curious  Inscription— Purlieu : 
Bow-rake  :  Buck-leap,  85— Halley's  Comet,  86. 

QUEKIBS  :-French  Miniature  Painter  —  Crabbe  Biblio- 
graphy —  Robert  Catesby  —  Roman  Lanx  —  Roman  and 
Christian  Chronology,  86—"  Fide,  sed  cui  vide" — Howard 
and  Dryden  Families— Epitaph  on  Sir  John  Seymour— 
Ea.J4  Rasalu— William  Hartley—"  Down,  little  flutterer !  " 
— Thompson  of  Boughtou— John  Lewis,  Portrait  Painter 
—Henrietta  M.  G.  Smythies— Dutch  Fishermen  in  British 
Waters,  87— Batrome— Addison's  Daughter— Medals  "  au 
pied  de  sanglier" — "  Commission" — "  P.  P.,  Clerk  of  the 
Parish,"  88. 

REPLIES  :— Comber  Family— St.  Mary  Axe :  St.  Michael 
le  Querne,  89— Pronunciation  of  Raleigh— Mary,  Queen 
of  Scots,  90— Tideswell  and  Tideslow,  91—'  Oxford  Univer- 
sity Calendar ' — "  Meynes  "  and  "  Rhines  " — "  Chaperoned 
by  her  father,"  93— West-Country  Fair  — Capt.  Death- 
Hobgoblin's  Claws— "  Collectioner,"  93  —  "As  merry  as 
Griggs" — Grammar:  Nine  Parts  of  Speech  —  Veto  at 
Papal  Elections  —  Field-names,  West  Haddon,  94  — The 
Wykehamical  Word  "  Toys  "  —  Sadler's  Wells  Play  — 
Richard  Nash,  96  —  Penrith — Rous  or  Row_se  Family  — 
"Constantine  Pebble" — Error  in  'Poliphili  Hypneroto- 
machia' — Cardigan  as  a  Surname — Salep  or  Salop,  97 — 
"  Lost  in  a  convent's  solitary  gloom  " — Birch-sap  Wine,  98. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  -.—Scott's  •  Admissions  to  the  College 
of  St.  John  the  Evangelist,  Cambridge '— Hutchinson's 
'  Songs  of  the  Vine ' — Stroud's  '  Judicial  Dictionary  of 
Words  and  Phrases  '— '  Poems  of  Lord  de  Tabley  '—Ber- 
nard's '  Cathedral  Church  of  St.  Patrick '— Thoyts's  '  How 
to  Decipher  Old  Documents '  — '  Record  of  the  Upper 
Norwood  Athenajum.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


gfcttf, 

BIBLIOGRAPHY  OF  PUBLISHING  AND 
BOOKSELLING. 

"/«  these  days,  ten  ordinary  histories  of  kings 
<ind  courtiers  icere  wdl  exchanged  against  the  tenth 
part  of  one  good  History  of  Booksellers." — Carlyle, 
Review  of  Boswell's  '  Johnson,'  Eraser's  Magazine, 
No.  28  ('Essays,'  People's  Edition,  voL  iv.  p.  84). 

IN  the  following  contribution  towards  the 
Bibliography  of  Publishing  and  Bookselling, 
mainly  referring  to  Great  Britain  and  the 
United  States  of  America,  it  has  been  my 
intention  to  enumerate  those  books,  &c.,  that 
•deal  solely  or  mainly  with  the  subjects  of  pub- 
lishing and  bookselling,  and  not  to  include 
works  on  literary  history  or  memoirs.  The 
three  principal  exceptions  are  also  the  three 
greatest  works  of  their  kind  in  the  language 
— Boswell's  l  Johnson,'  Lockhart's  '  Scott,'  and 
Trevelyan's  '  Macaulay.' 

In  each  of  these  such  a  considerable  space 
is  occupied  by  the  transactions  with,  or  rela- 
tions between,  authors  and  publishers,  that 
they  may  fairly  claim  a  place  in  any  list  of 
books  dealing  with  the  history  of  what  Tal- 
fourd  calls  "  the  Great  Trade."*  There  is, 
however,  hardly  any  work  of  literary  bio- 
graphy, from  Gibbon's  'Autobiography'  to 


*  '  Final  Memorials  of  Charles  Lamb '  (new  edit.. 
1850),  p.  179. 


"The  Life  of  Mrs.  Oliphant,'  that  will  not 
yield  material  bearing  on  the  subject  of  pub- 
lishers and  publishing. 

The  largest  collection  of  books  devoted  to 
the  subjects  of  book-producing  and  book- 
selling in  all  its  many  branches  will  be 
found  in  the  library  of  the  Borsenverein  der 
Deutschen  Buchhandler  at  Leipzig.  The 
catalogue  of  this  library  is  in  2  vols.  (Vol.  I., 
1885;  Vol  II.,  1902),  and  contains  several 
thousands  of  titles  of  works  in  all  languages. 
I  am  considerably  indebted  to  this  catalogue, 
although  I  had  nearly  finished  my  list  before 
I  had  the  opportunity  of  consulting  it. 

'  Works  on  printing  and  the  production  of 
books  are  only  noted  when  they  contain 
matter  bearing  incidentally  on  publishing 
or  bookselling.  Works  on  copyright,  book- 
collecting,  and  the  sport  of  book-hunting 
are  not  included  systematically. 

Works  dealing  with  the  freedom  of  the  press, 
actions  for  libel,  or  prosecutions  for  pub- 
lishing blasphemous  or  seditious  books  are 
not  systematically  included.  They  form  a 
very  large  section  in  the  Leipzig  catalogue. 

A  'Bibliography  of  Journalism  and  its 
History,'  by  Mr.  D.  Williams,  will  be  found 
in  Mitchell's  '  Press  Directory '  for  1903. 

The  '  D.N.B.'  is  cited,  as  it  contains  much 
material,    with    references    to    authorities, 
under  the    names  of  booksellers  and  pub- 
lishers who  are  not  the  subject  of  separate 
volumes.    A  list  of  these  names  may  perhaps 
one  day  be  compiled.  With  three  exceptions, 
other  biographical  dictionaries  are  not  noted. 
Ackermann,    Edward. — A   Bookseller    by   Choice. 
(The  Bookseller  and  Newsman.)    September, 
1899,  New  York. 

Aldine  Magazine,  The,  1838. 

William  West  (q.v.)  contributed  a.  series  of  articles  on  old 
booksellers. 

Allen,  C.   E.  —  Publishers'  Accounts,  including  a 

Consideration  of  Copyright.  8vo,  London,  1897. 

Almon,  John,  1737-1805. — Memoirs  of  John  Almon, 

Bookseller,  of  Piccadilly.    8vo,  London,  1790. 
Famous  as  John  Wilkes's  publisher. 

Ames,  Joseph,  1689-1758.— Typographical  Antiqui- 
ties, being  an  Historical  Account  of  Printing  in 
England,  Memoirs  of  the  Ancient  Printers,  and 
a  Register  of  Books  printed  by  them  from  1471 
to  1600.  4to,  London,  1749. 
See  Lowndes. 

Amory,  Thomas,  1691  ?-178S.— Life  of  John  Buiicle, 

Esq.,  1756-66. 

Amory  was  a  bookseller  in  London  and  Dublin.  '  John 
Buiicle  contains  fragments  of  autobiography,  a  character 
of  Edmund  Curll,  &c. 

Andrews,  W.  L.— The  Old  Booksellers  of  New 
York  (John  Bradburn,  Joseph  Sabiu,  William 
Gowans). 

See  the  Publishers'  Weekly  (New  York),  vol.  xlix.  No.  16 ; 
vol.  xlviii.  No.  20;  vol.  xlvii.  No.  15. 
Annuals. 

See  '  The  Annuals  of  Former  Days '  in  the  Bookseller, 
29  November  aud  24  December,  1858. 


82 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  JA*.  so,  im. 


Appleton's  Cyclopaedia  of  American  Biography. 
6  vols.,  New  York,  1887-9. 

Arber,  Edward. — List  of  London  Publishers,  1553- 

1640.    8vo,  London,  1889. 
And  see  '  Catalogues  '  and  '  Stationers'  Company.' 

Archseologia,  vol.  xxix.  p.  101. — Copies  of  Original 
Papers  illustrative  of  the  Management  of  Litera- 
ture by  Printers  and  Stationers  in  the  Middle 
of  the  Reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth.  Communi 
cated  by  (Sir)  Henry  Ellis.  4to,  London,  1834. 

Athenaeum,  The,  published  weekly,  1829 — 
See  throughout  for  obituary  notices,  &e. 

Author,  The,  published  monthly,  1890— 

Authors  and  Publishers a  Description  of  Pub- 
lishing Methods  and  Arrangements.  Fourth 
Edition.  New  York,  1855. 

Bagster. — A  Century  of  Publishing:  a  Chat  with 
Mr.  Robert  Bagster.  With  Illustrations  and 
3  Portraits.— St.  James's  Budget,  27  April,  1894. 
Bagster,  The,  Publishing  House :  Centenary 
of  the  Bagster  Publishing  House,  established 
19  April,  1794.  Crown  8vo,  London,  1894. 

Ballantyne,  House  of. 
See  Lockhart's  '  Scott,'  passim. 

A  Refutation  of  the  Misstatements  and 
Calumnies  contained  in  Mr.  Lockhart's  Life  of 
Sir  Walter  Scott  respecting  the  Messrs.  (James 
and  John)  Ballantyne.  By  the  Trustees  and 
Son  of  the  late  James  Ballantyne.  8vo,  London, 
1838. 

The  Ballantyne  Humbug  Handled.  By  John 
Gibson  Lockhart.  8vo,  Edinburgh,  1839. 

Reply  to  Mr.  Lockhart's  Pamphlet  entitled 
'The  Ballantyne  Humbug  Handled.'    By  the 
Authors  of  '  A  Refutation  of  the  Misstatements 
and  Calumnies,'  &c.    8vo,  London,  1839. 
"Mr.  J.  H.  Rutherford,  bookseller  of  Kelso,  who  died  in 
November,  1903,  aged  eighty-four,  made  a  special  study 
of   the   Lockhart-Ballantyne   controversy.     I    have  often 
wished  that  he  had  published  his  conclusions." — '  Rambling 
Remarks,'  by  W.  Robertson  Nicoll,  British  Weekly,  5  Nov.. 
1903. 
And  see  s.n.  Fearman  (W.). 

History  of  the  Ballantyne  Press.  4to,  Edin- 
burgh, 1871. 

Bentley,  House  of.— Some  Leaves  from  the  Past. 
Swept  together  by  R.  B.     With  11  Portraits 
and  other  Illustrations.   8vo,  privately  printed, 
1896. 
With  references  to  original  authorities 

Richard  Bentley  and  Son.  By  Ernest  Ches- 
neau.  Reprinted  from  '  Le  Livre '  of  October, 
1885.  With  some  additional  Notes.  With  3 
Illustrations.  Privately  printed,  roval  8vo, 
1886. 

Richard  Bentley,  1794-1871.— The  Bookseller 
(p.  811),  1871. 

Bent's  Literary  Advertiser,  1802-60. 
See  throughout  for  obituary  notices,  &c. 

Berjeau,  Jean  Philibert.— The  Book-worm  :  a  Lite- 
rary and  Bibliographical  Review.  5  vols., 
London,  1866-71. 

Besant,  Sir  Walter.— The  Pen  and  the  Book.  8vo, 
London,  1899. 

Literary   Handmaid    of     the    Church    (the 
S.P.C.K.).    Crown  8vo,  London,  1890. 
And  see  the  volumes  of  the  Author,  1890 — 
Bibliographer,  The,  a  .Journal  of  Book-lore.  Edited 
by   Henry   B.    Wheatley.      5    vols.,    London. 
1882-4. 
See  Indexes  throughout. 


Bibliographica.    3  vols.  4to,  London,  1895-7. 

An  Elizabethan  Bookseller  (Edward  Blount, 
1564-?).  By  Sidney  Lee.  Vol.  i.  p.  474. 

Two  References  to  the  English  Book-trade, 
circa  1525.  Vol.  i.  p.  252. 

The  Booksellers  at  the  Sign  of  the  Trinity. 
By  E.  Gordon  Duff.  Vol.  i.  p.  93,  p.  175. 

English  Book-sales,  1676-1680.  By  A.  W. 
Pollard.  Vol.  i.  p.  373. 

The  Long  Shop  in  the  Poultry.  By  H.  J. 
Plomer.  Vol.  ii.  p.  61. 

The  Early  Italian  Book-trade.  By  R. 
Garnett.  Vol.  iii.  p.  29. 

Bibliophobia :  Remarks  on  the  Present  Languid 
and  Depressed  State  of  Literature  and  the 
Book-trade.  In  a  letter  addressed  to  the  author 
of  the  '  Bibliomania.'  By  Mercurius  Rusticns. 
With  Notes  by  Cato  Parvus.  London,  1832. 

(Bigg,  James.)— The  Bookselling  System,  a  letter  to 
Lord  Campbell  respecting  the  late  inquiry  into 
the  regulations  of  the  Booksellers'  Association 
in  reference  to  the  causes  which  led  to  its 

dissolution and  the  consequences  to  authors 

likely  to  result  from  unrestricted  competition 
in  the  sale  of  new  works.  By  a  Retired  Book- 
seller. Westminster,  1852. 

Bingley,  William,  1738-1799.  —  A  Sketch  of  W. 
Bingley,  Bookseller.  With  Portrait  and  a  Pro- 
spectus of  his  Proposed  Reprint  of  Nos.  1-46 
of  the  'North  Briton.'  London,  1793. 

The  New  Plain  Dealer;  or,  Will  Freeman's 
Budget,  1791-94. 
Contains  autobiographical  details. 

Black,  Adam,  1784-1874.— Memoirs  of  Adam  Black. 
Edited  by  Alexander  Nicolson,  LL.D.  With 
Portrait.  Second  Edition.  Crown  8vo,  Edin- 
burgh, 1885. 

Blackie,  W.  G. — Origin  and  Progress  of  the  Firm  of 
Blackie  &  Son,  1809-1874.  8vo,  London,  1897. 

Blackwood,  House  of. —  Annals  of  a  Publishing 
House :  William  Blackwood  and  his  Sons, 
their  Magazine  and  Friends.  By  Mrs.  Oliphant. 
With  4  Portraits.  Vols.  I.  and  II.  8vo,  Edin- 
burgh, 1897. 

Vol.  III.  John  Blackwood.  By  his  Daughter, 
Mrs.  Gerald  Porter.  With  2  Portraits.  8vo, 
Edinburgh,  1898. 

The  Bookseller,  26  June,  27  August,  26  Sep. 
tember,  1860. 

The  Critic,  7  July,  1860,  and  five  successive 
weeks — a  series  of  articles  by  F.  Espinasse. 

The  Bookman,  special  article,  with  portraits,. 
&c.  November,  1901. 

Blackwood's  Magazine. — A  Letter  to  Mr. 
John  Murray,  occasioned  by  his  having  under- 
taken the  publication  in  London  of  '  Black- 
wood's  Magazine.'  1818. 

Correspondence  on  the  Subject  of  'Black- 
wood's  Magazine.'  ?  1818. 

Bohn,  Henry  George,  1796-1884.— Times,  25  August, 
1884  ;  Athenaeum,  30  August,  1884 ;  Bookseller, 
September,  1884 ;  Bibliographer,  October,  1884. 

Book  Auctioneers. 

See  the  Bookseller,  8  April,  1902;    and  Lawler's  'Book 
Auctions,'  forward. 

Book,  The,  of  English  Trades  :  the  Bookbinder, 
the  Bookseller,  the  Printer,  &c.  New  Edition, 
with  500  Questions  for  Students.  12mo,  London,, 
1824. 


10*  s.  i.  JAN.  so,  low.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


83 


Bookkeeping,  A  Manual  of,  for  Booksellers,  Pub- 
lishers, and  Stationers,  on  the  principle  of 
Single,  converted  periodically  into  Double 
Entry.  By  a  Bookseller.  8vo,  London,  1850. 

Book-lore :  a  Magazine  devoted  to  Old-Time  Litera- 
ture.   4  vols.,  London,  1884-6. 
Sec  Indexes  throughout. 

'Bookman,'  The,  Directory  of  Booksellers,  Pub- 
lishers, and  Authors.  4to,  London,  1893. 

Book-Prices  Current.  Being  a  Record  of  the  Prices 
at  which  Books  have  been  sold  at  Auction,  the 
Titles  and  Descriptions  in  Full,  the  Names  of 
the  Purchasers,  &c.  Vols.  I.  to  XVII.  8vo, 
London,  1887-1903. 

Index  to  the  First  Ten  Volumes  of  Book- 
Prices  Current  (1887-1896).  Constituting  a 
Reference  List  of  Subjects  and,  incidentally,  a 
Key  to  Anonymous  and  Pseudonymous  Litera- 
ture. 8vo,  London,  1897. 

Bookseller,  The,  1858— 

See  throughout  for  obituary  notices,  Ac.  Mr.  Whitaker, 
the  editor  of  the  Bookseller,  has  an  extensive  collection  of 
letters,  cuttings,  extracts  from  catalogues,  Ac.,  relating  to 
the  trade  of  the  seventeenth,  eighteenth,  and  nineteenth 


Brotherhead,  W. — Forty  Years  among  the  Book- 
sellers of  Philadelphia.    8vo,  Philadelphia,  1891. 

Brown,   Horatio  R.   F.,  1854-1903.— The  Venetian 
Printing  Press :     an   Historical    Study.     4to, 
London,  1891. 
Contains  several  chapters  on  the  book-trade  of  Venice,  the 

laws  of  copyright,  &c.,  during  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth 

centuries. 

WM.  H.  PEET. 
(To  be  continued.) 


THE 


THE  TRELAWNY  BALLAD, 
origin   of    this    ballad  has    recently 


centuries. 

Booksellers'  Association. 


1852. 


See  Publishers'  Circular,  15  April  and  1  June,  1852 ;  also 
s.7i.  J.  W.  Parker  and  John  Chapman. 
Bookselling.— The  Government  Bookselling  Ques- 
tion.     Memorial    to    the    Chancellor    of    the 

Exchequer    on with    Correspondence    and 

Remarks.    8vo,  London,  1853. 

On    the    Publication    of    School  -  books   by 
Government  at  the  Public  Expense :  a  Corre- 
spondence   with    Lord    John    Russell.     8vo, 
London,  1851. 
Bookselling   Question,    The    [i.e.,    Underselling]  : 

Additional  Letters.    8vo,  London,  1852. 
Book-trade    Association   (Baltimore,  U.S.).     Con- 
stitution and  By-Laws.    16mo,  Baltimore,  U.S. 
(1874.) 

Boston.— Early  Boston  (U.S.)  Booksellers,  1642-1711 
(Club  of  Odd  Volumes).  8vo,  Boston  (U.S.),  1900. 
Boswell,  James,  1740-95.  —The  Life  of  Samuel  John- 
son, LL.D. 
See  throughout. 

Bouchot,  Henry.— The  Book:  its  Printers,  Illus- 
trators, and  Binders,  from  Gutenberg  to  the 
Present  Time.  With  a  Treatise  on  the  Art  of 
collecting  and  describing  Early  Printed  Books, 
and  a  Latin-English  and  English-Latin^  Topo- 

resses. 
Dgraphy, 
bindings, 

numerous   Borders,  Initials,    Head    and    Tail 
Pieces,  and  a  Frontispiece.  Royal  8vo,  London, 
1890. 
Bowes,  Robert. — Biographical  Notes'on  the  Printers 


formed  a  subject  of  discussion  in  the  Times, 
The  point  at  issue  was  whether  the  ballad 
was  altogether  Hawker's,  or  whether  he 
worked  on  some  traditional  verses.  Several 
years  ago  I  gave  a  summary  in  these  columns 
of  the  question  as  it  stood  at  the  date  of 
writing  (7th  S.  x.  264),  but  as  the  corre- 
spondents of  the  Times  had  evidently  not 
consulted  '  N.  &  Q.,'  and  some  information  of 
considerable  value  has  since  been  brought  to 
notice,  I  will,  at  the  risk  of  repetition,  ask 
the  Editor's  permission  to  place  on  record 
the  indisputable  facts  of  the  case,  so  far  as 
they  are  known  at  present. 

The  poem  made  its  first  appearance  in  the 
Royal  Devonport  Telegraph  and  Plymouth 
Chronicle  for  2  September,  1826,  and  was 
headed,  "  Ballad  written  at  the  time  one  of 
the  Trelawny  family  was  committed  to  the 
Tower,  in  the  time  of  James  II.  The  circum- 
stances described  in  it  are  historically  true." 
Although  the  ballad  was  printed  anonymously, 
the  name  of  the  writer  was  ascertained  by 
the  distinguished  Cornish  antiquary  Mr. 
Davies  Gilbert,  P.R.S.,  and  being  greatly 
struck  with  the  verses,  he  printed  off  some 
fifty  copies,  in  broadside  form,  at  his  private 
press  at  Eastbourne.  Very  few  of  these 
broadsides  seem  to  have  survived,  but  from 
one  in  my  possession  I  transcribe  the  follow- 
ing heading,  with  all  its  eccentricities  of 
punctuation,  <fec. : — 

"AND  SHALL  TRELAWNY  DIE 4 
"  The  Strong  Sensation  excited  throughout  Eng- 
land, by  that  decisive  act  of  Bigotry  Tyranny  and 
Imprudence  on  the  part  of  King  James  the  second, 
by  which  he  committed  the  Seven  Bishops  to  the 
Tower  was  in  no  district  more  manifestly  displayed 


......in  Cambridge.  A  Reprint  from  the  Cam- 
bridge Antiquarian  Society's  Communications, 
Vol.  V.  No.  4.  (Privately printed.)  Cambridge, 
1886. 

Britton,  John,  1771-1857.— The  Rights  of  Literature ; 
or,  an  Enquiry  into  the  Policy  and  Justice  of 
the  Claims  of  certain  Public  Libraries  on  all  the 
Publishers  and  Authors  of  the  United  Kingdom, 
for  Eleven  Copies,  on  the  Best  Paper,  of  every 
New  Production.  8yo,  London,  1814. 
This  protest  largely  contributed  to  the  reduction  of  the 

number  of  copies  demanded  to  six  ('  D.N.B.'). 


than  in  Cornwall;  notwithstanding  the  part  taken 
by  that  county  in  the  preceding  Civil  War.  This  was 
probably,  in  a  great  degree  occasioned  by  sympathy 
with  a  most  respected  Cornish  Gentleman,  then 
Bishop  of  Bristol;  as  appears  from  the  following 
Song,  restored  modernized  and  improved  by  Robert 
Stephens  [sic]  Hawker  Esq.  of  Whitstone.  This 
Song  is  said  to  have  resounded  in  every  House,  in 
every  High  Way,  and  in  every  Street." 

Mr.  Gilbert  also  communicated  the  ballad 
to  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for  November, 
1827,  vol.  xcvii.  p.  409,  where  it  was  published 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [ioth  s.  i.  JAN.  so,  1904. 


-anonymously  and  attracted  the  notice  of  Sir 
Walter  Scott.  In  1838  Mr.  Gilbert  reprintec 
it  in  his  'Parochial  History  of  Cornwall, 
from  which  an  extract  containing  the  verser 
was  given  in  Chambers's  'Book  of  Days, 
1864,  vol.  i.  p.  747. 

In  1832  Mr.  Hawker,  who  had  been  ordainec 
in  1829,  published  a  small  volume  of  poem: 
•called  'Records  of  the  Western  Shore,'  in 
which  he  inserted  the  ballad  under  the  title 
of  '  The  Song  of  the  Western  Men,'  and  pub- 
licly avowed  himself  to  be  the  author.  Mr, 
Hawker's  explanation  was  as  follows  :— 

"  With  the  exception  of  the  chorus  contained  in 
the  last  two  lines,  this  song  was  written  by  me  in 

the  year  1825 1  publish  it  here  merely  to  state 

that  it  was  an  early  composition  of  my  own.  The 
two  lines  above  mentioned  formed,  I  believe,  the 
burthen  of  the  old  song,  and  are  all  that  I  can 
recover." 

The  song  was  subsequently  published  in 
'  Ecclesia,'  and  other  collections  of  Mr. 
Hawker's  poems.  In  '  Cornish  Ballads,'  1869, 
the  explanation  was  considerably  amplified, 
and  ran  as  follows  : — 
"Note. — With  the  exception  of  the  choral  lines  : 

And  shall  Trelawny  die  ? 

Here 's  twenty  thousand  Cornishmen 

Will  know  the  reason  why  ! 

which  have  been,  ever  since  the  imprisonment  by 
•  James  the  Second  of  the  seven  Bishops  (one  of  them 
Sir  Jonathan  Trelawny),  a  popular  proverb  through- 
out Cornwall,  the  whole  of  this  song  was  composed 
by  me  in  the  year  1825.  I  wrote  it  under  a  stag- 
horned  oak  in  Sir  Bevile's  walk  in  Stowe  Wood. 
It  was  sent  by  me  anonymously  to  a  Plymouth 
paper,  and  there  it  attracted  the  notice  of  Mr.  Davies 
Gilbert,  who  reprinted  it  at  his  private  press  at 
East  Bourne,  under  the  avowed  impression  that 
it  was  the  original  ballad.  It  had  the  good  fortune 
to  win  the  eulogy  of  Sir  Walter  Scott,  who  also 
deemed  it  to  be  the  ancient  song.  It  was  praised 
under  the  same  persuasion  by  Lord  Macaulay  and  by 
Mr.  Dickens,  who  inserted  it  at  first  as  of  genuine 
antiquity  in  his  Household  Words,  but  who  after- 
wards acknowledged  its  actual  paternity  in  the 
same  publication." 

It  will  be  seen  that  Mr.  Hawker's  memory 
failed  him  in  one  or  two  unimportant  par- 
ticulars, but  the  main  fact,  namely,  that 
the  ballad  was  his  own  composition,  with 
the  exception  of  the  refrain,  was,  one 
would  have  thought,  established  beyond 
further  dispute.  There  were,  however, 
"  doubting  Thomases "  who  still  called  for 
the  production  of  the  ancient  refrain.  But 
the  honesty  and  veracity  of  Hawker  were 
conclusively  proved  by  Mr.  John  Latimer,* 
who,  in  a  letter  to  the  Athenaeum  of  21  Novem- 
ber, 1891,  quoted  a  contribution  to  the  Bristol 


*  Since  this  note  was  written  literature  has  had 
to  lament  the  loss  of  Mr.  Latimer,  who  died  on 
4  January. 


Journal  of  21  July,  1772,  entitled  "  Extract 
of  a  Letter  from  a  Gentleman  at  Savanna  la 
Mar  to  his  friend  at  Kingston,  Monday, 
April  27,"  describing  the  reception  of  the 
Governor,  Sir  William  Trelawny,  when  on 
tour  through  Jamaica.  The  relevant  passage 
is  as  follows  : — 

"About  a  century  and  a  half  ago,  upon  some 
particular  State  commotions,  one  of  Sir  William's 
ancestors  was,  on  wrong  suspicious  of  the  Govern- 
ment, sent  to  the  Tower  of  London,  and  it  was 
declared  in  Cornwall  that  he  was  to  suffer  death. 
The  great  attachment  of  the  people  in  general  of 
that  county  was  then,  as  now,  so  affectionately 
strong  to  the  ancient  family  of  Trelawny  Castle 
[near  West  Looe]  that  the  population  of  the  county 
got  the  following  lines  published  in  several  places 
at  London ;  viz.  : — 

And  must  Trelawny  die  ? 

And  shall  Trelawny  die? 

We've  thirty  thousand  Cornish  Boys 

Will  know  the  reason  why  ! 

West  Looe,  &c. 

This  and  some  other  circumstances  so  intimidated 
at  that  time  some  of  the  greatest  personages  then 
at  the  helm  of  our  national  affairs  that  Sir  William 
Trelawny's  ancestor  was  soon  set  at  liberty,  and  soon 
after  arrived  at  Trelawny  Castle  amidst  the  joyous 
acclamations  of  thousands." 

Mr.  Latimer  gave  good  reasons  for  think- 
ing that  the  lines  referred  to  John  Trelawny, 
who  was  ordered  by  the  House  of  Commons 
to  be  imprisoned  in  the  Tower  on  13  May, 
1627,  and  was  released  about  six  weeks  later. 
Granting  this  to  be  the  case,  we  may  suppose 
the  lines  lingered  in  the  memory  of  the 
peasantry,  and  were  revived  when  the  Bishop 
of  Bristol  was  sent  to  the  Tower  sixty  years 
afterwards.  John  Trelawny,  who  was  created 
a  baronet  in  1628,  was  the  grandfather  of  the 
bishop,  Sir  Jonathan  Trelawny,  who  in  his 
turn  was  the  great-uncle  of  Sir  William 
Trelawny,  the  Governor  of  Jamaica.  The 
lines  probably  survived  as  a  family  tradi- 
tion, and  in  this  manner  came  to  the  ears 
of  the  writer  in  the  Bristol  Journal.  The 
main  point,  of  course,  is  that  the  existence 
of  a  traditional  refrain,  which  was  still 
popular  in  1772,  is  fully  established,  and 
that  no  reason  whatever  remains  for  casting 
any  doubt  upon  the  truth  of  the  statements 
prefixed  by  Hawker  to  the  current  versions 
of  the  ballad.  W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 


IRISH-PRINTED  PLAYS. — In  the  Joly  collec- 
tion in  the  National  Library  here  I  find  a 
copy  of  a  ballad  opera  called  '  Calista,'  by 
'Mr.  Gay,"  printed  in  Dublin  in  1731,  as 

ntended  for  the  theatres  in  London,  but 
seemingly  not  acted.  According  to  the 

Dictionary  of  National  Biography,'  Gay, 
towards  the  close  of  1731,  had  "a  sort  of 


io«>  s.  i.  JAN.  so,  1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


85 


scheme  to  raise  his  finances  by  doing  some- 
thing for  the  stage,"  a  possible  allusion  to 
'  Calista ' ;  but  as  nothing  is  known  regard- 
ing the  piece  the  ascription  is  probably 
erroneous.  The  Dublin  booksellers  of  the 
first  half  of  the  eighteenth  century  frequently 
resorted  to  mean  devices  to  further  sales,  and 
occasionally  tacked  on  the  name  of  a  popular 
author  to  a  play  about  whose  ownership 
there  was  any  doubt. 

In  the  library  of  Trinity  College  I  find  a 
Dublin  copy  (printed  in  1734)  of  James 
Miller's  comedy  '  The  Mother-in-Law ;  or,  the 
Doctor  the  Disease,'  which  is  ascribed  on 
the  title-page  to  "H.  Fielding,  Gent." 

In  Trinity  College  there  is  also  a  copy  of 
an  anonymous  comedy  in  two  acts,  printed 
in  Dublin  for  Thomas  Wilkinson,  as  acted 
at  Smock  Alley,  without  date,  called  'The 
She  Gallant ;  or.  Square  Toes  Outwitted.' 
The  cast  says  "  Delamour  by  the  author,'"' 
showing  that  the  play  was  written  by  an 
actor.  The  '  New  Theatrical  Dictionary ' 
(London,  1792)  gives  the  Dublin  printed  date 
as  1767.  In  the  Trinity  College  Catalogue 
'The  She  Gallant'  is  entered  as  the  work  of 
O'Keefie,  and  it  is  probably  identical  with 
the  play  spoken  of  in  the  record  of  O'Keeffe 
in  the  'Diet.  Nat.  Biog.'  as  the  five-act  (?) 
comedy  of  '  The  Gallant.'  But  if,  according 
to  the  account,  the  play  was  produced  in 
Dublin  when  the  author  was  fifteen,  the 
year  of  performance  would  be  1762. 

As  I  cannot  find  that  Garrick's  entertain- 
ment of  'The  Jubilee,'  originally  performed 
at  Drury  Lane  in  1769,  was  ever  printed  in 
England,  it  may  possibly  be  worthy  of  note 
that  under  the  title  '  The  Jubilee  in  Honour 
of  Shakespeare'  the  piece  was  acted  at 
Waterford  in  1773,  and  printed  there  in  that 
year.  A  copy  of  this  is  in  the  Joly  collection 
in  the  National  Library.  At  Waterford  the 
part  of  the  Irishman,  originally  played  by 
Moody,  was  taken  by  Brownlow  Forde,  an 
ex-clergyman,  and  a  scion  of  the  Fordes  of 
county  Down.  W.  J.  LAWRENCE. 

Dublin. 

THE  FORTUNE  THEATRE  IN  1649.  —  In 
vol.  A  21  of  the  Informations  to  the  Com- 
mittee for  the  Advance  of  Money,  on  p.  281, 
is  the  information  of  Theodore  Allen,  "  that 
Thomas  Allein  and  Raph  Allein,  Master  and 
Warden  of  Godsguift  Colledge  in  Dulwich, 
in  the  County  of  Surrey,  are  Delinquents," 
and  that  they  did  certain  improper  things  ; 
also 

"  4.  that  wheras  the  Fortune  Playhouse,  being  a 
demeane  of  the  said  Colledge,  &  in  lease  to  one 
Lisle  for  the  payme7it  of  1201'  per  annum  to  the  said 
Colledge,  he,  the  said  Mr.  Lisle,  desired  (in  regard 


the  State  hath  prohibited  stage  playing)  that  he 
might  conuert  the  said  playhouse  to  some  other 
vse,  whereby  he  might  raise  the  Rent  due  for  the 
same ;  but  they  refused  to  suffer  him  so  to  doe,  but 
will  haue  their  Rent  paid  still  in  the  nature  of 
a  Playhowse ;  wAz'ch  strange  aversions  to  Ordi- 
nances* of  Parliameiit,  &  equity,  hathf  caused 
tedious  &  costly  suites,  to  the  muchj  impoverishing 
of  the  said  Colledg,  &  (without  some  present 
remedy)  to  itts  vtter  vndoing." 

F.  J.  FURNIVALL. 

CURIOUS  INSCRIPTION.— My  venerable  father 
has  recently  called  my  attention  to  a  flat 
stone  lying  close  to  Bowdon  Parish  Church  in 
Cheshire,  which  is  curious  because  it  contains 
an  inscription  in  which  the  carver  has  con- 
stantly mistaken  A  for  E  and  E  for  A.  Tins 
is  the  more  remarkable  as  the  error  is  only 
to  be  found  in  the  part  of  the  inscription 
that  relates  to  one  of  the  people  interred 
beneath  the  stone :  in  the  case  of  the  other 
two  names  the  spelling  is  correct.  The  part 
of  the  inscription  referred  to  is  as  follows  : — 

HAJRA  RASTATH 
THA  BODY  OF  IENA 
HOVLT  THA  WTFA  OF 
DEVID  HOVLT   OF 
TIMPARLAY  MESON 
WHO  DAPERTAD   THIS 
LIFA   THA   17™   DEY  OF 
FAB  ANNO   1703. 

No  mention  is  made  of  this  inscription  in 
Ormerod's  great  work  on  Cheshire. 

T.  P.  ARMSTRONG. 

PURLIEU  :  Bow  -  RAKE  :  BUCK  -  LEAP.  —  In 
1882  (6th  S.  v.  209)  an  inquiry  was  made 
whether  the  manorial  custom  which  allowed 
the  lord  certain  rights  for  a  prescribed  dis- 
tance beyond  his  boundary  was  still  generally 
recognized.  As  no  reply  appeared,  the  fol- 
lowing particulars  may  find  a  place. 

In  the  parish  of  Duffield,  Derbyshire,  is 
an  estate  called  Shottle  Park,  which  was 
formerly  part  of  the  great  forest  or  chase 
called  Duffield  Frith.  It  was  disparked, 
however,  and  converted  into  farms  before 
1600.  Adjoining  to  Shottle  Park  is  an  estate 
jailed  Wallstone  (within  the  manor  of  Alder- 
wasley  and  Ashleyhay),  which  had  belonged 
to  a  family  named  Cockeram  from  the  time 
of  Charles  I.  In  some  of  the  fields  which 
adjoin  the  fence  —  Watt  Carr,  Bakehouse 
lose,  and  the  Three-Nooked  Close— stood 
many  very  large  and  ancient  timber  trees. 
The  Duke  of  Devonshire  claimed  that  he  was 
ntitled  to  a  purlieu  or  border  of  seven  yards 


*  Printed  "proceedings,  contrary  to  the  "in  the 
Rolls  Calendar,  pt.  ii.  p.  1143. 
t  Printed  "  have." 
I  Left  out  in  the  print. 


86 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io»  s.  L  JAN.  so,  MM. 


from  the  park-pale,  and  in  May,  1791,  his 
agents  entered  into  Mr.  Wm.  Cockeram's 
land  and  marked  eight  trees,  within  that 
space,  for  falling.  Thereupon  Cockeram 
employed  six  men  to  cut  down  and  remove 
the  trees.  The  Duke  then  entered  an  action 
for  trespass,  which  was  tried  at  the  Derby- 
shire summer  assizes  in  August,  1792.  I  have 
seen  the  brief  for  the  defendants,  but  not  the 
report  of  the  trial.  There  is  a  note,  how- 
ever, by  one  of  the  legal  gentlemen  that  Mr. 
Wm.  Cockeram  lost  his  case  through  his  own 
admissions  on  the  trial. 

In  Thomas  Gill's  '  Vallis  Eboracensis,'  1852, 
p.  358,  we  read,  under  the  head  of  'Sessay': — 

"  Formerly,  some  five  or  six  hundred  acres  of  the 
parish,  lying  towards  Brafferton,  constituted  an 
ancient  park ;  but,  about  120  years  ago,  the  deer 
were  removed  to  Cowick,  and  the  park  converted 
into  farms.  The  park-farm,  however,  retains  to 
this  day  one  memento  of  the  purposes  to  which  it 
was  originally  devoted,  in  the  continuance  of  its 
encircling  belt,  the  bow-rake.  This  bow-rake,  or 
bow-range,  seems  to  have  conferred  on  the  owner 
of  the  park,  by  an  old  feudal  law,  a  right  of  soil,  to 
the  extent  of  a  bow-shot,  beyond  the  limits  of  his 
own  manor." 

In  18G6,  when  there  was  a  commission  for 
the  enclosure  of  Selstone  Common  (co.  Notts), 
the  agents  of  the  Duke  of  Portland,  lord  of 
the  manor  of  Kirkby,  proposed  to  claim  a 
similar  "buck-leap"  in  respect  of  the  park, 
but  I  do  not  know  the  result. 

It  seems  most  unreasonable  that  a  privi- 
lege which  only  existed  for  the  sake  of  game 
should  extend  to  the  cutting  down  of  trees 
where  there  is  not,  and  has  not  been  for 
centuries,  any  game.  See  the  article  'Pur- 
lieu '  in  the  Law  Dictionaries  of  Cowel  and 
Jacob. 

I  cannot  find  "bow-rake"  and  "buck-leap" 
in  the  'N.E.D.'  There  are  a  few  notes  on 
this  privilege,  under  the  head  '  Deer-leap,'  in 
2nd  S.  iii.  47,  99,  137,  195 ;  3rd  S.  xii.  186. 

W.  C.  B. 

HALLEY'S  COMET.— A  picture  of  a  portion 
of  the  Bayeux  Tapestry  showing  the  comet 
of  Halley  in  1066  is  given  in  '  A  Handbook  of 
Descriptive  and  Practical  Astronomy,'  by 
George  F.  Chambers,  i.  438  (Oxford,  1889). 

"La  reine  Victoria  porte  dans  sa  couronne  un 
fleuron  tire  de  la  queue  de  cette  comete  qui  a  eu 
la  plus  grande  influence  sur  la  victoire  d'Hastings." 
—'Astronomic  Populaire,'  by  Camille  Flammarion, 
609  (Paris,  1890). 

In  9th  S.  xii.  125  I  repeated  an  announce- 
ment that  the  Hussion  Astronomical  Society 
had  undertaken  a  calculation  "  with  a  view 
to  predicting  the  exact  date  of  the  next 
return"  of  Halley's  comet.  A  private  advice 
subsequently  reaching  me  voices  the  opinion 


;hat  "  malheureusement  la  tache  entreprise 
ne  puisse  pas  etre  accomplie  "  by  that  body. 

Will  your  astronomical  readers  kindly 
make  additions  to  the  list  of  authorities 
following,  bearing  upon  the  1910  return  of 
Halley's  comet  ? 

Comptes  Rendus  Hebdomadaires  des  Seances  de 
I'Acaddmie  des  Sciences,  pp.  706,  766,  825  (Paris, 
1864). 

Nature,  xi.  286-7,  11  February,  1875. 

The  Journal  of  the  British  Astronomical  Associa- 
ion,  xii.  134,  175,  288  (London,  1902). 

EUGENE  F.  McPiKE. 

Chicago,  U.S. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

FRENCH  MINIATURE  PAINTER.  —  Will  any 
reader  kindly  tell  me  if  there  was  a  French 
miniature  painter  at  the  end  of  the  eighteenth 
century  wnose  Christian  name  or  surname 
commenced  with  Vig  1 

EVELYN  WELLINGTON. 

Wonston,  Micheldever. 

CRABBE  BIBLIOGRAPHY. — If  any  reader  can 
help  me  to  a  collation  of  the  first  edition  of 
Crabbe's  'The  Candidate,'  1780,  or  aid  me  in 
the  search  for  the  juvenile  poems  mentioned 
at  the  foot  of  p.  22,  vol.  i.  of  the  '  Life  and 
Poems,'  1834,  I  should  be  very  glad  if  he 
would  write  to  me  at  the  University  Press, 
Cambridge.  A.  R.  WALLER. 

ROBERT  CATESBY.— Had  Robert  Catesby 
(of  Gunpowder  Plot  fame)  any  descendants  ? 
Was  all  his  property,  including  that  of  his 
family,  confiscated  by  order  of  the  Crown? 
Of  what  did  the  property  consist?  How  can 
I  best  find  out  the  above?  I  shall  be  glad 
if  correspondents  will  send  their  replies  to 
me  addressed  care  of  Beard  more  &  Co.,  58  and 
81,  Cleveland  Street,  Fitzroy  Square,  W. 
JAMES  CATESBY. 

ROMAN  LANX.— Where  is  the  Roman  lanx 

found  in  1864  at  Welney,  in  Norfolk,  and 

exhibited  by  Mr.  Albert  Goodman  to  the 

Society  of  Antiquaries  on  13  January,  1870  ? 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  "F.S.A. 

Lancaster. 

ROMAN  AND  CHRISTIAN  CHRONOLOGY. —In 
chap.  ix.  of  the  third  book  of  his  essays 
Montaigne  gave  a  copy  of  the  document 
making  him  a  Roman  citizen,  and  it  bears 
the  following  date  :  "  Anno  ab  urbe  condita 


io»  S.LJAS.  8o,i9ot]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


87 


2331,  post  Christum  natum  1581."  This 
makes  the  first  year  of  our  era  to  correspond 
with  the  750th  of  the  Roman  ;  but  according 
to  what  appears  to  be  the  received  view, 
A.D.  l=A.u.c.  754.  How  is  the  discrepancy 
accounted  for  1  C.  J.  I. 

[Discussed  at  great  length  6th  S.  ix.,  x.,  xi.,  xii., 
•  under  birth  of  Jesus  Christ.] 

"FiDE,  SED  GUI  VIDE."— In  the  early  part 
of  the  seventeenth  century  this  was  one  of 
the  favourite  mottoes  engraved  upon  swords 
and  rapiers.  It  occurs,  for  instance,  upon 
four  specimens  in  the  Wallace  collection, 
Nos.  160,  344,  500,  and  1,046  in  the  'Cata- 
logue' by  Mr.  G.  F.  Laking,  F.S.A.,  1901.  I 
have  seen  a  deed,  dated  in  1655,  bearing  the 
heraldic  seal  of  Thomas  Beaumont,  of  Whitley 
Hall,  co.  York,  who  afterwards  became  Sir 
Thomas  Beaumont.  Under  the  shield  appears 
this  same  motto,  FIDE  SED  cvi  VIDE.  Did  the 
Beaumont  family  adopt  it  ?  and  if  so,  when  ? 

W.  C.  B. 

HOWAKD  AND  DRYDEN  FAMILIES. — Charles 
Dryden,  son  of  the  poet  John  Dr}rden  by 
his  wife  Lady  Elizabeth  (Howard),  daughter 
of  Henry,  Earl  of  Berkshire,  was  Chamber- 
lain of  the  Household  in  1694  to  Pope  Inno- 
cent XII.  He  is  said  to  have  taken  with 
him  to  Rome  a  history  of  the  families  of 
Howard  and  Dryden,  written  in  Latin  by 
his  father,  Glorious  John,  which  was  lodged 
at  the  Vatican.  Is  there  any  record  of  this 
document,  and  is  it  still  in  existence  1  In 
1799  Lady  Dryden,  the  great-great-niece  of 
the  poet,  wrote,  "  If  Rome  were  not  now 
in  the  hands  of  French  robbers,  who,  it  is 
feared,  have  destroyed  or  carried  away  all 
the  manuscripts  in  the  Vatican,  I  should 
have  endeavoured  to  procure  thence  a  copy 
of  this  paper."  P.  D.  M. 

EPITAPH  ON  SIR  JOHN  SEYMOUR.— There  is 
a  monument  in  Bitton  Church  to  Sir  John 
Seymour,  1663.  The  inscription,  being  only 
painted,  is  almost  obliterated.  It  is  printed 
by  Rudder,  not  very  correctly.  After  four- 
teen lines  of  Latin  poetry  it  concludes  thus  : 
"Age  peripatetite  Dum  intuearis  cineres 

defuncti  mort en  Sacel brevi  fortassis 

tuse."    I  should  feel  much  obliged   to  any 
one  who  can  suggest  the  missing  words. 

HENRY  N.  ELLACOMBE. 

Bitton. 

RAJA  RASALU. — A  recent  writer  in  the 
Standard,  referring  to  the  adventures  of 
the  Panjab  hero  Raja  Rasalu,  remarks  that 
the  "  tale  of  Rasalu  is  believed  to  have  been 
brought  to  England  by  pilgrims  returning 
from  the  Holy  Land,  and  [that]  it  was  the 
subject  of  a  popular  chapbook  well  thumbed 


by  rustics  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Anne."  Can 
any  one  say  what  mediaeval  version  of  this 
legend  and  what  chapbook  this  writer  refers 
tol  CHARLES  SWYNNERTON. 

WILLIAM  HARTLEY.  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  inform  me  whether  the  William 
Hartley  of  Hartley,  Greens  &  Co.,  known  as 
the  Leeds  Pottery  Company,  is  the  same 
William  Hartley  who  was  High  Sheriff  of 
York  in  1810,  or  whether  they  were  related 
to  one  another  1  A.  H.  ARKLE. 

"DowN,  LITTLE  FLUTTERER  ! " — Can  any 
reader  inform  me  in  what  work  (I  think  of 
Dickens)  any  character,  speaking  of  his  heart, 
says,  "Down,  little  flutterer  !"  or  words  to 
that  effect  ?  or  is  the  saying  merely  a  music- 
hall  catch  phrase  ?  C.  A.  NEWMAN. 

THOMPSON  OF  BOUGHTON,  co.  KENT.  —  I 
shall  feel  greatly  obliged  for  any  information 
relating  to  the  family  of  Thompson,  resident 
at  Boughton,  in  Kent,  early  in  the  eighteenth 
century.  They  bore  for  arms  Per  pale  or  and 
argent,  an  eagle  displayed  gules. 

FLORENCE  N.  COCKBURN. 

JOHN  LEWIS,  PORTRAIT  PAINTER  AND 
SCENIC  ARTIST. — No  account  of  this  man  is 
to  be  found  in  any  of  the  dictionaries  of  art 
or  of  general  biography.  About  the  middle 
of  the  eighteenth  century  he  was  for  a  time 
scenic  artist  at  Smock  Alley  Theatre  in 
Dublin,  and,  according  to  Alicia  Lefanu, 
decorated  the  coved  ceiling  of  the  salon  in 
Sheridan's  country  seat  at  Quilca,  co.  Cavan, 
with  classical  figures.  This  must  have  been 
done  after  Sheridan's  marriage  in  1747. 
Miller  scraped  two  portraits  in  mezzotint 
after  Lewis  :  one  in  1754  of  John  Sowdon, 
the  Smock  Alley  player,  and  another  in  1756 
of  Henry  Brooke,  the  dramatist.  Are  the 
original  paintings  extant  ?  When  did  Lewis 
first  go  to  Ireland,  and  where  was  he  pre- 
viously] W.  J.  LAWRENCE. 

15,  Kildare  Street,  Dublin. 

HENRIETTA  MARIA  GORDON  SMYTHIES.  — 
Where  can  I  find  an  account  of  this  lady, 
who  produced  over  a  score  of  novels  between 
1835  and  1880?  Allibone  says  she  was  the 
daughter  of  Edward  Lesmoin  (Lesmoir1?) 
Gordon,  and  wife  of  the  Rev.  William  Yorick 
Smythies.  J.  M.  B. 

[She  died  15  August,  1883.] 

DUTCH  FISHERMEN  IN  BRITISH  WATERS. — 
Lorenzo  Sabine,  in  his  1853  classical  mono- 
graph on  'The  Principal  Fisheries  of  the 
American  Seas,'  states  that  James  I.  com- 
pelled the  Dutch  to  pay  an  annual  tribute 
for  permission  or  liberty  to  fish  for  herrings 


88 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io»  s.  i.  JAN.  so,  im. 


on  his  coasts.  I  shall  be  grateful  for  in- 
formation as  to  the  amount  thus  obtained,  and 
also  for  further  references  as  to  the  history 
of  the  Dutch  fisheries  generally,  as  I  am 
collecting  materials  for  a  work  on  this  sub- 
ject. In  my  notes  I  find  that  in  1610,  as 
upwards  of  60,000  Dutchmen  depended  on 
the  herring  fisheries  along  the  coasts  of 
Great  Britain,  James  I.  appears  then  to  have 
restored  fishing  privileges  to  the  Dutch.  If 
this  be  true,  what  amount,  if  any,  was 
exacted  from  the  Dutch  ? 

According  to  a  Dutch  account,  in  1636 
Charles  I.  compelled  the  Dutch  fishermen  to 

Siy  20,000  florins  as  licence  money  to  fish  in 
ritish  waters.  On  the  other  hand,  Charles  I. 
is  stated  by  Sabine  to  have  increased  his 
military  navy  solely  to  drive  the  Dutch 
fishermen  from  Britain's  "  four-narrow-seas  " 
— as  our  coastal  waters  were  then  termed — 
and  to  have  compelled  the  Dutch  to  pay 
150,000  "dollars."  How  much  did  these 
sums  represent  in  our  present  English 
money  1  As  Lorenzo  Sabine's  work  is  a 
series  of  historical  reports  printed  for  the 
United  States  Treasury  of  the  period  (1853), 
I  am  anxious  to  learn  if  this  interesting  in- 
structive book  is  historically  trustworthy. 
Generally,  these  rich  and  rare  data  are  much 
esteemed  in  official  United  States  circles. 
However,  I  have  detected  several  slight 
errors,  which  may  be  only  printers'  mistakes 
overlooked  in  the  correction  of  proofs  before 
publishing. 

J.  LAWRENCE-HAMILTON,  M.R.C.S. 
30,  Sussex  Square,  Brighton. 

BATROME. — In  the  South  Tawton  Church- 
wardens' Accounts  for  1586-7  is  the  item, 
"P'd  John  Batrome  for  the  pulpitt  xvis." ; 
and  again,  "  Fd  Willy  Bourne  for  Batrome's 
breakfast  and  his  mens  when  he  came  to  view 
the  place  for  the  pulpett,  ijs."  There  is,  I  am 
told,  a  local  tradition  that  this  pulpit,  which 
is  still  in  situ,  and  the  panels  of  which  are  in- 
laid in  wood  of  ornamental  grain  with  figures 
of  the  four  Evangelists,  was  the  work  of  some 
destitute  foreigners  who  had  been  ship- 
wrecked on  the  shores  of  Devon.  The  date 
forbids  the  suggestion  that  they  were  sur- 
vivors of  the  Armada,  though  there  may  be 
some  confusion  of  reminiscence.  Can  any  of 
your  readers  tell  me  of  what  nationality  is 
the  name  Batrome,  and  whether  it  is  known 
in  connexion  with  any  other  examples  of 
carved  or  inlaid  woodwork  in  England  or 
abroad  ?  ETHEL  LEGA-WEEKES. 

ADDISON'S  DAUGHTER.  —  In  the  memoirs 
that  I  have  read  of  Addison,  beyond  the 
bare  mention  that  he  left  a  daughter  by  the 


Countess  Dowager  of  Warwick,  nothing  is 
said  of  her,  which  I  thought  strange  for  a 
lady  born  in  so  high  a  position  ;  but  I  find 
this  in  the  obituary  of  the  Monthly  Magazine, 
March,  1797  :— 

"At  her  house  at  Bilton,  near  Rugby,  Miss  Char- 
lotte Addison,  only  daughter  of  the  celebrated 
Mr.  Addison  by  the  Countess  Dowager  of  Warwick. 
She  had  in  her  possession  several  portraits  of  her 
father  and  his  friends,  and  his  library  and  manu- 
scripts." 

And  in  the  next  number  : — 

"The  late  Miss  Addison,  whose  death  we  noticed 
in  our  last,  inherited  her  father's  memory,  but  none 
of  the  discriminating  powers  of  his  intellect.  With 
great  retentive  faculties  of  memory,  she  was  in 
other  respects  a  perfect  imbecile  ;  she  could  repeat 
the  whole  of  her  fathers  works,  but  was  incapable 
of  speaking  or  writing  an  intelligible  sentence. ' 

Is  this  true?  and  are  there  now  any  repre- 
sentatives of  the  Addison  family  ? 

G.  T.  SHERBORN. 
Twickenham. 

MEDALS  "AU  PIED  DE  SANGLIER."— These 
curiosities  have  been  lately  mentioned  in 
L'IntermJdiaire.  They  are,  if  I  may  so  put 
it,  ham-shaped  medals,  and  the  projecting 
limb  is  said  to  represent  the  foot  of  a  wild 
boar.  The  heads  of  Augustus  and  Agrippa 
are  on  the  obverse,  while  the  reverse  is 
occupied  by  a  palm-tree  and  a  crocodile. 
But  twelve  genuine  examples  are  known,  and 
the  British  Museum  is  the  fortunate  possessor 
of  one  of  them.  M.  Goudard  of  Nimes  has 
written  of  these  medals,  but  his  pamphlets 
are  now  out  of  print,  and  as  the  source  of 
information  in  L'lntermddiaire  would  seem  to 
be  staunched,  I  hope  the  correspondents  of 
'N.  &  Q.'  will,  of  their  charity,  communicate 
any  knowledge  they  may  possess  concerning 
the  history  and  object  of  these  strange  pro- 
ductions. I  believe  there  is  a  folk-tale  at 
Nimes  to  account  for  the  crocodile  and  the 
palm-tree.  Can  anybody  repeat  it  for  our 
benefit?  ST.  SWITHIN. 

"  COMMISSION."— Is  there  any  precedent 
for  a  member  of  Parliament  convening  a 
"  commission  "  to  take  evidence  upon  a  public 
question  ?  I  have  always  understood  that 
the  word  "  commission  "  was  only  used  when 
appointment  was  made  by  the  Crown. 
Perhaps  some  reader  of  'N.  &  Q.'  may  be 
able  to  inform  me  if  it  has  been  used  previous 
to  the  congress  of  gentlemen  now  convened 
by  Mr.  Chamberlain.  N.  S.  S. 

"P.  P.,  CLERK  OF  THE  PARISH."— What  is 
alluded  to  in  'Sartor  Resartus'  by  "P.  P., 
Clerk  of  the  Parish  "  (chap.  ii.  bk.  i.)  ?  There 
is  the  same  allusion,  I  fancy,  in  '  Middle- 
march.'  C  A.  NEWMAN. 


io*  s.  i.  JAN.  so,  1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


89 


COMBER     FAMILY. 
(10th  S.  i.  47.) 

I  AM  in  possession  of  two  MS.  volumes 
relating  to  this  family.  They  are  entitled 
"  A  Sketch  of  the  Life  and  a  Selection  from 
the  Poetry  of  Thomas  Comber,  LL.D.,  Rector 
of  Buckworth  and  Morbourne,  in  the  County 
of  Huntingdon,  collected  by  his  Son  Thomas 
Comber,  A.B.,  late  Vicar  of  Creech  St.  Michael, 
in  the  County  of  Somerset,  and  now  Rector 
of  Oswaldkirk,  in  the  North  Riding  of  the 
County  of  York."  The  sketch  is  very  com- 
plete, and  practically  gives  a  history  of  the 
family  for  three  or  four  generations. 

Thomas  Comber,  the  object  of  the  sketch, 
was  the  son  of  Thomas  Comber,  D.D.,  some- 
time Dean  of  Durham,  by  Alice  his  wife, 
eldest  daughter  of  Robert  Thornton,  of  East 
Newton,  and  was  born  16  June,  1722 ;  educated 
at  Jesus  College,  Cambridge,  where  he  was 
entered  31  July,  1741 ;  and  died  9  April, 
1778.  In  1747  he  published  his  work  entitled 
'An  Attempt  to  shew  the  Evidence  of 
Christianity  equal  to  a  Strict  Metaphysical 
Demonstration,'  a  third  edition  of  which 
appeared  the  following  year  :  in  which  year 
also  appeared  his  work  en  titled  'The  Heathen 
Rejection  of  Christianity  in  the  First  Ages 
Considered '  (London,  8vo).  Six  other  works 
of  this  Thomas  Comber  are  enumerated  by 
Watt.  The  author  had  a  critical  knowledge 
of  Hebrew,  Greek,  Latin,  French,  Spanish, 
and  Italian,  and  his  unpublished  works, 
which  are  numerous,  bespeak  a  man  of  learn- 
ing and  judgment.  He  was  intimate  with  and 
corresponded  much  with  both  the  celebrated 
Bishop  Warburton  and  the  historian  Dr. 
Robertson.  I  see  no  account  of  this  Dr.  Com- 
ber in  the  'D.N.B.'  Possibly  the  volumes 
mentioned  above  are  those  inquired  for  in 
1887  (7th  S.  iii.  515),  but,  though  I  cannot 
remember  when  they  were  acquired,  I 
rather  think  it  must  have  been  before  that 
date. 

It  may  be  mentioned  that  in  1799  Thomas 
Comber,  the  son  of  the  above-named  Thomas 
Comber,  and  great-grandson  of  the  Dean  of 
Durham,  published  the  'Memories  of  the 
Life  and  Writings  of  Thomas  Comber,  D.D., 
sometime  Dean  of  Durham,  in  which  is 
introduced  a  Candid  View  of  the  Several 
Works  of  Dr.  Comber,  as  well  printed  as 
MS. ;  also  a  Fair  Account  of  his  Literary 
Correspondence'  (London,  8vo).  This  may 
possibly  contain  some  account  of  the  family 
generally.  W.  A.  COPINGER. 

Kersal  Cell,  Manchester. 


ST.  MARY  AXE  :  ST.  MICHAEL  LE  QUERNE 
(9th  S.  x.  425  ;  xi.  110,  231  ;  xii.  170,  253,  351, 
507). — With  regard  to  the  question  upon 
which  I  find  myself  at  variance  with  COL. 
PRIDEAUX,  the  position,  I  think,  is  this — 
that,  as  he  does  not  deny  my  hypotheses  toto 
coelo,  he  may  be  said  to  admit  tacitly  their 
potentiality  ;  while  my  standpoint  is  that  of 
probability  based  upon  certain  circumstantial 
evidence,  which  cannot  be  ignored,  and 
which  I  have  set  forth  at  9th  S.  xii.  170. 
COL.  PRIDEAUX  says,  however,  that  I  have 
up  to  the  present  "  failed  to  prove  that  any 
London  church  has  derived  its  designation 
from  a  house-sign."  As  regards  reducing  the 
matter  to  demonstration,  that  is  so,  I  admit ; 
but,  on  the  other  hand,  my  notes  were  so  far 
from  "  not  advancing  facts  in  support  of  the 
probability,"  that  they  really  were  full  of 
such  facts — facts  which,  in  so  far  as  they 
afford  presumptive  proof,  must  be  reckoned 
with. 

But  I  will  now  endeavour  to  show  that  the 
church  of  St.  Mary  Axe  did,  after  all,  derive 
its  designation  from  an  inn  with  the  sign 
of  an  axe,  and  not,  as  COL.  PRIDEAUX  has 
ingeniously  suggested,  from  a  small  stream 
known  by  that  name.  And  if  I  can  do  so 
it  is  not,  I  think,  overleaping  the  bounds 
of  probability  to  suppose  that  the  other 
churches  to  which  I  have  alluded  were 
similarly  distinguished.  If  COL.  PRIDEAUX 
could  refer  one  to  a  document  relating  to 
St.  Michael  le  Querne— an  early  document 
preferably — in  which  that  church  is  styled 
"St.  %iicna.e\-in-the- Corn-market"  one  would 
of  course  have  to  relinquish  the  belief  that 
'  Quern  "  can  have  but  one  meaning — that  of 
a  hand-mill — and  that  it  can  no  more  be 
deemed  equivalent  to  "corn-market"  (malgre 
Stow)  than  "St.  Nicholas-in-the-Flesh"  could 
pass  for  "St.  Nicholas-in-the-Flesh-Shambles." 
ind  also  one  would  have  to  abandon  the 
jelief  that  "  Querne  "  alludes  to  the  sign  of. 
either  a  miller  or  a  baker  to  which  the  whole 
of  the  immediate  neighbourhood  resorted 
with  grist,  as  was  customary  when  querns 
were  by  no  means  common. 

It  may  also  be  noted,  perhaps,  that  many 
well-known  landmarks— like  the  Maypole; 
the  "  Man  on  Horseback,"  as  the  statue  or 
harles  I.  at  Charing  Cross  was  called ; 
^heapside  Cross,  &c. — served  the  purposes 
of  a  signboard.  Hence  we  have  St.  Andrew 
Jndershaft,  from  the  shaft  or  maypole  under 
whose  shadow  the  church  stood.  But  as  to 
St.  Mary  Axe,  in  Ogilby's  great  map,  the 
index  to  which  in  the  British  Museum  is 
the  only  copy  extant,  Axe  Yard  is  distinctly 
marked  in  the  parish  of  St.  Mary  Axe  (f.  91). 


90 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  i.  JAN.  ao,  190*. 


Now  the  existence  of  an  "Axe  Yard"  cer- 
tainly indicates  a  yard  to  which  had  formerly 
been  attached  an  inn  with  the  sign  of  an 
axe.  The  incongruity  could  never  have 
occurred  to  Cunningham  of  associating  what 
was  presumably  the  symbol  of  one  saint — to 
wit,  St.  Ursula — with  the  name  of  another ; 
more  appropriate,  rather,  would  be  some 
emblem  of  St.  Helen,  to  the  prioress  and 
convent  of  whom,  in  Bishopsgate,  the  church 
of  St.  Mary  Axe  belonged  until  the  priory's 
dissolution.  There  was  also  an  Ax  Alley 
in  Leadenhall  Street  in  1732  (see  a  scarce 
volume,  '  New  Remarks  of.  London,  collected 
by  the  Company  of  Parish  Clerks,'  of  that 
year,  p.  77) ;  and  Hughson  in  his  '  History  of 
London"  (vol.  ii.  p.  163)  says  that  "St.  Mary 
Axe  was  so  called  from  its  situation  opposite 
the  Axe  Inn."  Whether  the  site  of  St.  Mary 
Axe  Church  can  be  identified  by  comparing 
it  with  that  of  Axe  Yard  in  Ogilby's  map 
I  cannot  at  present  say,  but  St.  Mary's, 
says  Hughson,  "stood  on  the  West  side  of 
St.  Mary's  Street,  now  St.  Mary  Axe." 

There  is  also  a  description,  in  Taylor's 
'Carriers'  Cosmographie,'  1637,  of  the  "Axe," 
in  St.  Mary  Axe.  This  description,  however, 
I  do  not  quite  understand,  and  perhaps  COL. 
PRIDEAUX  could  kindly  explain  the  difficulty, 
for  the  Water-poet  has  two  allusions  to  the 
inn  as  follows  : — 

"  The  Carriers  of  Coventry  doe  lodge  at  the  signe 
of  the  Axe  in  St.  Mary  Axe,  in  Aldermanbury " 
(italics  mine). 

Again  :— 

"  The  Carriers  of  Derby  and  other  parts  of  Derby 
shire  doe  lodge  at  the  Axe  in  St.  Mary  Axe,  neen 
Aldermanbury." 

I  confess  I  do  not  understand  this  descrip- 
tion by  Taylor;  for,  as  City  distances  go 
Aldermanbury  is  far  distant  from  St.  Mary 
Axe.  The  "Axe"  Inn  in  Aldermanbury  is 
given  in  both  Ogilby's  and  Rocque's  maps 
the  latter  dated  1746 

Finally,  in  the  Exhibition  Catalogue  de- 
scribing the  Gardner  collection  of  views, 
prints,  &c.,  relating  to  the  topography  oi 
London,  Westminster,  and  Southwark,  which 
were  exhibited  at  the  Guildhall  in,  I  think 
1872,  are  items  relating  to  two  exterior  views 
by  Richardson,  in  water  colour,  of  the  "Golden 
Axe  "  in  St.  Mary  Axe,  as  it  appeared  in  1855 

The  question,  of  course,  is  then,  Did  the 
church  derive  its  designation  from  the  inn 
or  did  the  inn  acquire  its  sign  from  its 
proximity  to  the  church  ?  The  probabilities 
I  will  be  so  bold  as  to  aver,  are  all  in  favoui 
of  hypothesis  the  first. 

J.   HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 
161,  Hammersmith  Road. 


RALEIGH  :  ITS  PRONUNCIATION  (9th  S.  xii. 
366,  497). — It  may  serve  to  throw  some  light 
upon  this  point  to  know  that  in  the  entries 
of  admissions  into  this  Inn,  where  the  name 
appears  under  date  27  February,  1574/5,  it  is 
written  "  Walter  Rawley  "  ;  and  as  there  is 
abundant  evidence  to  show  that  these  entries 
were  in  most  cases,  if  not  all,  taken  down 
trom  word  of  mouth,  and  written  by  the 
entering  scribe  phonetically,  it  may,  I  think, 
be  taken  as  certain  that  that  spelling 
represents  the  name  as  the  owner  pronounced 
it,  and  there  seems  no  good  reason  for 
supposing  that  the  sounds  of  those  syllables 
were  not  the  same  then  as  now.  Just  below 
Sir  Walter's  entry  in  the  register  comes  the 
name  of  one  Thomas  Cockes,  who  is  described 
as  of  "Beamondes,"  Herts  (meaning  "Beau- 
monts"  in  that  county),  a  clear  indication 
that  the  clerk  was  writing  from  sound,  as 
above  stated.  JOHN  HUTCHINSON. 

Middle  Temple  Library. 

'The  Diary  of  John  Manningham,'  1602-3, 
published  by  the  Camden  Society  in  1858, 
has  on  p.  109  the  following  entry,  which  I 
think  ought  to  be  held  conclusive  as  to  the 
contemporary  pronunciation  : — 

"  30  Dec.  1602.    Sir  Wa.  Rawley  made  this  rime 
upon  the  name  of  a  gallant,  one  Mr.  Noel : 
The  word  of  deniall,  and  the  letter  of  fifty, 
Makes  the  gent,  name  that  will  never  be  thrifty. 

(Noe.  L.} 

and  Noel's  answere, 

The  foe  to  the  stommacke,  and  the  word  of  disgrace, 
Shewes    the    gent,    name    with    the    bold    face. 
(Raw.  Ly.)" 

AVERN  PARDOE. 
Ontario  Legislative  Library. 

MARY,  QUEEN  OF  SCOTS  (9th  S.  xii.  148,  196, 
238  ;  10th  S.  i.  36).— Perhaps  it  may  not  be 
uninteresting  to  mention  that  'kthe  queen's 
letter  to  the  .Scottish  Estates  announcing  her 
marriage  with  the  Dolphin,  June  26,  1558," 
commences,  "Marie,  be  the  grace  of  God 
Quene  of  Scottis  and  Dolphines  of  Viennois, 
to  the  nobillitie  and  rest  of  the  estaites_  of 
our  realme";  and  the  queen's  proclamation 
of  5  May,  1568,  with  "Mary,  be  the  Grace  of 
God  Quene  of  Scottis."  Vide  pp.  493,  512 
of  'Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,'  by  David  Hay 
Fleming  (Hodder  &  Stoughton,  1897). 

In  the  '  Family  Records  of  the  Bruces  and 
Cumyns,'  by  M.  E.  Gumming  Bruce  (Black- 
wood  &  Sons,  1870),  it  is  recorded  at 
p.  566  :— 

"Nine  commissioners  were  sent  from  Scotland 
to  pass  into  the  realme  of  France  as  represent- 
ing the  three  Estates,  and  there  to  contract  the 
marriage  of  the  most  excellent  Princess  Marie, 
Queen  of  Scotland,  our  sovereign,  with  Francis, 


s.i.  JAN.  so,  1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


91 


Dolphin   and   eldest   son   and   apparent   heir    to 
Henry,  King  of  France." 

"  On  the  twentieth  day  of  April,  1558,  the 
jfian<*ailles  of  the  young  Prince  Francis  and  Marie, 
Queen-Heritrix  of  Scotland,  took  place." 

With  regard  to  MR.  PEACHEY'S  question, 
I  may  inform  him  that  only  the  spellin 
"Stewart,"  and  not  "Stuart,"  is  mentione 
in  M.  E.  Gumming  Bruce's  learned  work. 
HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 

119,  Elms  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 

TIDES  WELL  AND  TIDESLOW  (9th  S.  xii.  341, 
517  ;  10th  S.  i.  52).— Is  it  not  a  mistake  to 
attempt  to  explain  these  names  without 
having  any  regard  to  Anglo-Saxon  grammar  ? 

The  A.-S.  for  "  intermittent  well  "  might 
have  been  (id-well,  i.e.,  tide-well ;  but  it  could 
not  possibly  have  been  tides-well !  We  never 
say  tide's  waiter,  but  only  tide-waiter.  Con- 
sequently, Tides  is  the  genitive  case  of  a 
man's  name.  We  are  told  that  it  is  the 
genitive  "  of  Tid,  or  whatever  the  right  form 
of  the  personal  name  may  have  been."  Well, 
the  right  form  was  Tidi  in  early  spelling, 
snd  Tide  in  later  spelling.  The  gen.  of  Tidi 
or  Tide  was  Tides,  just  as  the  gen.  of  Ini  or 
Ine  (in  Latin  spelling  Ina)  was  Ines.  For 
the  gen.  form  Ines,  see  '  A.-S.  Chron.,'  an.  718. 
Mr.  Searle's  '  Onomasticon  Anglo-Saxonicum ' 
gives  two  examples  of  Tidi.  Besides  this, 
Tid-  was  very  common  as  a  first  element  in 
names,  as  in  Tid-beald,  Tid-beorht,  Tid-burh, 
Tid-eume,  Tid-frith,  &c.  And  Tida  (occurring 
six  times)  was  the  form  of  a  pet-name  ;  only 
the  gen.  case  was  Tidan.  It  is  surely  obvious 
that  Tides- welle  can  only  mean  "  Tidi's  well " ; 
and  Tides-low,  A.-S.  Tides-hldw,  can  only 
mean  "Tidi's  burial-mound."  It  is  worth 
while  to  add  that  A.-S.  tld,  time,  is  feminine, 
with  the  genitive  tide  ! 

At  the  last  reference  we  are  told  that  low 
is  "  the  well-known  word  for  a  hill  or  mound, 
having  nothing  to  do  with  a  burial."  Why 
has  it  "nothing  to  do  with"  it?  If  your 
correspondent  will  only  take  the  trouble  to 
look  it  out  in  an  A.-S.  dictionary  or  in 
'H.E.D.,'  he  will  find  that  low  is  applied 
both  to  a  natural  hill  and  to  an  artificial 
tumulus.  Why  are  these  hardy  statements 
made  1  Low,  as  a  funeral  mound,  occurs  in 
'  Beowulf.'  The  name  Tidi  occurs  in  the  '  Liber 
Vitse '  of  Durham,  and  again  in  Beda,  but  not 
later.  So  the  mound  may  be  as  old  as  the 
eighth  century,  or  even  earlier.  The  O.N. 
vo'llr  is  not  represented  in  English  by  -well, 
but  by  -wall.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

There  is  one  difficulty  about  DR.  BRUSH- 
FIELD'S  suggestion  that  Tideswell  means  the 
Well  of  the  Tide,  namely,  that  it  does  not 
account  for  the  s.  His  etymology  might  have 


passed  if  the  name  had  come  down  to  us  in 
the  form  Tidewell.    DR.  BRUSHFIELD  forget 
that  the  old    English    word    for   tide    wa 
feminine.  COMESTOR  OXONIENSIS. 

It  is  certain  that  Tideswell  has  nothing  to 
do  with  "  an  ebbing  and  flowing  well,"  and 
the  sooner  DR.  BRUSHFIELD  abandons  this 
popular  fancy  the  better.  If  the  word  meant 
what  he  says  it  means,  it  would  have  been 
written  Tiduuelle,  not  Tidesuutlle,  in  Domes- 
day Book,,  and  Tidewell  at  the  present  time. 
The  prefix  both  in  Tideswell  and  Tideslow  is 
the  genitive  case  of  a  personal  name. 

Finding  himself  in  a  difficulty  about  Tides- 
low,  which,  as  he  sees,  has  no  connexion  with 
"an  ebbing  and  flowing  well,"_  DR.  BRUSH- 
FIELD  invokes  a  list  of  tombs  in  Bateman's 
'Ten  Years' Diggings.'  "It  is  doubtful,"  he 
says,  "  whether  this  list  contains  a  single 
example  of  the  name  of  a  prehistoric  indi- 
vidual." The  list,  however,  includes,  among 
others,  the  following  lows : — 

Bottes-low  Ravens-low 

Browns-low  Rains-low 

Culverds-low  Swains-low 

Dars-low  Swans-low 

Hawkes-low  Taylors-low 

Herns-low  Thirkell-low 

Kens-low  Tids-low 

Ladraans-low  Totmans-low 

Larks-low  Wars-low 

Pars-low  Yarns-low. 

It  is  possible  that  every  one  of  the  twenty 
tomb-names  which  I  have  cited  from  the  list 
in  question  contains  a  personal  name ;  it  is 
certain  that  some  of  them  do  so.  For  instance, 
Totmans  -  low  contains  the  A.-S.  personal 
name  Tatmonn  or  Tatmon,  which  occurs 
three  times  in  the  Durham  '  Liber  Vitae.' 
Ladmans-low  also  contains  a  personal  name, 
and  it  is  just  possible  that  it  is  identical  in 
meaning  with  A.-S.  Iddmann,  guide,  leader. 
The  modern  form,  however,  of  that  word 
should  be  lodeman.  Nevertheless,  we  have 
Stan-low,  for  Stone-low,  in  the  district.  The 
prefix  in  Hawkes-low  is  the  personal  name 
which  is  familiar  to  us  in  Old  Norse  as 
Hauk-r ;  and  Ravens-low  contains  the  A.-S. 
name  Rafan,  O.N.  Hrafn,  which  also  occurs 
in  the  'Liber  Vitse.'  Swains-low,  and  pos- 
sibly also  Swans-low,  is  the  tomb  of  Swegn, 
O.N.  Sveinn — a  very  frequent  name  of  a 
man.  In  Culverds-low  it  is  probable  that 
we  have  to  do  with  a  name  which  ended  in 
•heard,  as  did  many  A.-S.  personal  names. 
In  Thirkel-low  we  may  have  the  well-known 
D.N.  masculine  name  Thorkell.  I  have  not 
found  Tid  in  the  'Liber  Vitse,'  but  it  may 
occur  elsewhere.  Tida  and  Tidi,  however, 
are  there,  and  also  the  following  names  in 
which  Tid-  occurs  as  a  compound  :  Tidcume, 


92 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        do*  s.  i.  JAN.  so,  im. 


Tidhild,  Tidburg,  Tidreda,  Tidhere,  Tiduald, 
Tidbald,  Tiduulf,  Tidberct,  Tidhelm. 

Many  other  English  lows  have  preserved 
the  names  of  persons  buried  in  them,  as,  for 
instance,  Hounslow.  At  the  second  reference 
W.  C.  B.  pointed  to  Tinsley,  near  Sheffield, 
which,  he  says,  was  Tanslaw  in  1633.  I  find 
that  it  was  Tynneslow  in  1451.  I  believe  it 
is  in  Domesday  Book,  but  I  have  not  been 
able  to  refer.  The  Bosworth-Toller '  A.-S.  Dic- 
tionary' mentions  local  names  compounded 
with  hlceiv,  hldiv,  as  "  Cwicchelmes  hlsew " 
(" Cwicchelm's  low").  In  Thorpe's  '  Diplo- 
matarium'  we  have  Oswaldeslaw,  Oswald's 
tomb,  and  Wulfereslaw,  Wulfhere's  tomb. 
These  two  last-named  lows  seem  to  have 
been  used  as  moot-hills.  There  is  a  barrow 
at  Bolsterstone,  near  Sheffield,  called  Walders- 
low,  meaning  Waldhere's  tomb.  We  know 
much  about  the  urns,  weapons,  jewels,  and 
other  contents  of  our  English  prehistoric 
sepulchres.  But  due  attention  has  not  been 
given  to  the  personal  names  which,  in  so 
many  cases,  yet  cling  to  these  ancient 
memorials.  It  is  something  to  know  that  a 
man  of  note  called  Tid  gave  his  name  to 
Tideswell,  and  that  he  received  the  lasting 
honour  of  mound-burial  on  a  hill  which  over- 
looks that  town. 

The  suffix  -well,  or  -watt,  seems  in  many 
cases,  as  here,  to  be  the  O.N.  voll-r,  dat.  vell-i, 
a  field  or  paddock.  I  have  already  referred 
to  New  Wall  Nook,  and  I  might  have  men- 
tioned Swinden  Walls,  between  Sheffield  and 
Penistone.  Tideswell  is  written  Tiddeswall 
and  Tidswale  in  a  Derbyshire  Poll-Book  of 
1734,  and  the  neighbouring  Bradwell  occurs 
in  that  book  as  Brad  wall  and  Bradall.  On 
Speed's  map,  1610,  I  find  Tiddeswall  and 
Bradwall.  In  1758  some  fields  at  Heeley, 
near  Sheffield,  are  described  as  "  Semary 
(alias  St.  Mary)  Walls,"  and  they  also  seem 
to  have  been  known  as  Malkin  Crofts.  Here, 
then,  ?raU=O.N.  voll-r.  I  often  go  to  Tides- 
well  and  Bradwell,  but  I  have  not  yet  seen, 
or  heard  of,  either  the  "  ebbing  and  flowing 
well "  or  the  salt  well.  Davies,  in  his  '  Histori- 
cal, &c.,  View  of  Derbyshire,'  1811,  p.  653,  says 
that  Tides  well"  is  supposed  to  have  received 
its  name  from  an  ebbing  and  flowing  well, 
situated  in  a  field  near  the  town,  but  which 
has  now  ceased  to  flow  for  more  than  a 
century."  What  proof  is  there  that  it  ever 
did  flow  ?  Davies  say  that  "  the  ebbing  and 
flowing  well,  the  last  of  the  Wonders  of  the 
Peak,  is  about  a  mile  and  [a]  half  from 
Chapel-en-le-Frith,  on  the  road  to  Tideswell. 
It  is  situated  in  Barmoor  Clough  "  (p.  712). 
Barmoor  Clough  is  six  miles  from  Tideswell. 
The  story  about  the  tides  of  an  ebbing  well 


appears  to  have  been  invented   by  Charles 
Cotton,  for  he,  in  his  '  Wonders  of  the  Peake,' 
1681,  mentions  k' Weeding-wall  or  Tydes-well, 
the  third  Wonder,"  and  asks  this  question  : — 
For  me,  who  worst  can  speculate,  what  hope 
To  find  the  secret  cause  of  these  strange  tides, 
Which  an  impenetrable  mountain  hides  ?* 

S.  O.  ADDY. 

'OXFORD  UNIVERSITY  CALENDAR'  (10th  S. 
i.  47). — The  list  of  heads  of  colleges  and  halls 
appears  for  the  last  time  in  the  'Calendar' 
for  1862.  To  the  'Calendar'  for  1863  is 
prefixed  the  following  note  : — 

"  The  Class  Lists  and  other  historical  matter 
which  purchasers  of  the  '  Oxford  University 
Calendar '  will  miss  in  the  '  Calendar '  for  1863  are 
now  printed  in  a  separate  volume  called  '  The 
Oxford  Year -Book,'  together  with  a  full  Index  of 
Names." 

G.  F.  K.  B. 

In  the  'Oxford  Historical  Register,  1220- 
1900,'  the  lists  of  colleges  with  their  heads 
from  the  foundations  are  duly  given.  I 
understand  that  from  the  latter  date  the 
'Historical  Register'  as  a  separate  publica- 
tion has  been  discontinued,  and  that  the 
record  of  distinctions  for  the  future  is  con- 
tained, year  by  year,  in  the  annual '  Calendar.' 
It  is  to  be  hoped  that  all  heads  of  houses 
after  1900  are,  with  their  dates  of  office, 
included.  A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

[OLD  OXONIAN  also  thanked  for  reply.] 

"MEYNES"  AND  "RHINES"  (10th  S.i.  49).— 
River-names  are  old,  and  the  origins  of  them 
are  mostly  unknown.  In  my  opinion,  it  is 
quite  unsafe  to  mix  them  up  with  modern 
words. 

As  to  meyne,  I  know  nothing  at  present. 
As  to  the  Somersetshire  rhine,  I  am  quite 
clear  that  the  less  we  muddle  it  up  with  the 
river  Rhine,  the  better.  Neither  is  it  Dutch. 
It  is  just  provincial  English,  and  duly 
explained  in  the  '  English  Dialect  Dictionary,' 
under  the  correct  spelling  rean.  The  extracts 
given  says:  "The  wide  open  chains  are  all 
written  rhine  and  pronounced  reen."  Rhine 
is  an  absurd  misspelling  invented  by  some 
very  learned  man  to  whom  English  was 
"  all  Greek  "  ;  and  he  misspelt  it  accordingly. 
If  English  were  really  studied  for  its  own 
sake,  it  would  not  be  mixed  up  with  Greek 
and  Dutch.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

u  CHAPERONED  BY  HER  FATHER"  (9th  S.  xii. 
245,  370,  431 ;  10th  S.  i.  54).— There  can  surely 
be  no  objection  to  the  use  of  chaperon  if 
it  be  remembered  that  the  French  seldom, 
if  ever,  use  the  word  in  the  English  sense. 

*  Ed.  1699,  pp.  24,  27. 


10*  s.  i.  JAN.  so,  low.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


93 


They  do  indeed  so  use  the  word  chaperonner, 
but  Littre  gives  no  such  meaning  to  the 
word  chaperon. 

I  have  often  wondered  why  morale,  in  the 
phrase  "  the  morale  of  the  army,"  is  written 
in  italics,  as  if  it  were  French.  As  a  matter 
of  fact,  there  is  no  such  word  in  French  ; 
but  there  is  a  word  le  moral,  which  means 
morality.  Again,  we  often  see  in  English 
books  "  une  guerre  a  Foutrance,"  which  is 
not  French  at  all.  We  write  e'pergne  as  if  it 
were  a  French  word,  which  it  is  not ;  and 
others  might  be  added.  We  have  surely  the 
right  to  annex  any  words  we  choose  from 
any  language,  and  to  attach  any  sense  to 
such  words  as  we  may  find  convenient ;  but 
why  should  we  not  recognize  the  words  as 
frankly  English  ?  H.  A.  STRONG. 

University,  Liverpool. 

I  have  to  thank  SIMPLICISSIMUS  for  his 
further  instructive  comments  under  this 
head.  The  rivulet  of  judgment  meanders 
pleasantly  from  its  original  fount.  This  was 
merely  an  inquiry  on  my  part  as  to  the 
correctness,  or  otherwise,  of  a  phrase  con- 
necting the  male  with  duties  hitherto  only 
associated  with  the  fair  sex.  After  careful 
search  amongst  recognized  authorities  I  was 
glad  to  discover  that  my  notion  as  to  the 
inaccuracy  of  the  expression  was  generally 
confirmed.  Lest  I  should  stumble  more 
seriously,  I  will  not  again  venture  into  the 
perilous  paths  of  a  discussion  anent  chaperone, 
chaperon,  or  escort.  I  have  said  my  say  ; 
abler  pens  than  mine  must  finally  settle  that 
question— if  they  can. 

SIMPLICISSIMUS  asks  if  I  would  "taboo  the 
use  of  the  word  author  as  applied  to  a  lady." 
To  this  1  am  bold  enough  to  reply  that 
assuredly  I  would.  Authoress  is,  in  my  humble 
view,  so  welcome  and  certain  a  guide  to 
identification  that  it  should  by  no  means  be 
allowed  to  drop  out  of  service. 

CECIL  CLARKE. 

WEST- COUNTRY  FAIR  (10th  S.  i.  48).— Among 
the  records  of  the  Exeter  Corporation  are 
letters  patent  concerning  Exeter  Fair  in  the 
fourteenth  year  of  Henry  IV.  (1412)  and  in 
1610  (see  Notes  and  Gleanings  in  Devon  and 
Cornwall,  ed.  by  W.  Cotton,  F.S.A.,  and 
James  Dallas,  F.L.S.,  15  Jan.  and  15  Aug., 
1889,  pp.  10  and  124) ;  also  Archceologia, 
vol.  i.  pp.  190-203  ;  the  Western  Antiquan/, 
vol.  i.  March,  1881,  to  March,  1882,  pp.  102-3, 
129,  140;  Doidge's  'Western  Counties 
Annual';  Cooke's  'Topographical  Survey'; 
Hugh  Carew's  'Survey  of  Cornwall,'  1811; 
'An  Account  of  all  the  Fairs  in  England 
and  Wales,'  by  Win.  Owen,  London,  1756, 


12mo ;  '  A  Manuell  of  the  Chronicles  of 
Englande,  from  the  Creacion  of  the  World e 
to  the  Yere  of  our  Lorde  1565,'  abridged  and 
collected  by  Richard  Grafton,  London,  1565, 
with  index  and  a  list  of  the  principal  fairs  ; 
and  Walford's  'Fairs  Past  and  Present,'  1883, 
pp.  24,  35,  66,  &c.  In  the  Evenimg  Post  of 
8  Feb.  (?  1721),  No.  1956,  is  the  following 
announcement : — 

"  Whereas  K.  James  I.  by  his  Letters  Patent,  did 
grant  to  Sir  Francis  Lacon,  Knt.,  and  his  Heirs 
For  ever,  the  Privilege  of  holding  Three  Fairs 
Yearly  in  the  Town  of  Cleobury  alias  Cieobury 
Mortimer  in  the  County  of  Salop :  These  are  to 
give  Notice,  that  William  Lacon  Childe,  Esq., 
designs  to  hold  Three  Fairs  in  the  said  Town 
Yearly,  for  the  Sale  of  all  Manner  of  Cattle,  Goods, 
and  Merchandize,  on  the  Days  following,  viz.,  on 
the 21st  of  April,  on  Trinity-Eve,  and  on  the  16th  of 
October.  The  First  Fair  to  be  held  on  the  21st  of 
April  next,  and  that  Care  will  be  taken  to  provide 
proper  Accommodations  for  such  as  shall  resort 
thereto." 

A  long  account  of  fairs  will  also  be  found 
in  Brand's  '  Popular  Antiquities,'  revised  by 
Sir  Henry  Ellis  (Bohn,  vol.  ii.). 

J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

CAPT.  DEATH  (10th  S.  i.  48). — He  commanded 
the  Terrible,  a  London  privateer,  and  was 
killed  in  action  with  the  Vengeance,  a 
privateer  of  St.  Malo,  on  or  about  28  Dec., 
1756.  F.  F.  L.  will  find  an  account  of  the 
action,  which  seems  to  have  been  a  gallant 
affair,  in  Beatson's  'Naval  and  Military 
Memoirs",'  vol.  i.  pp.  524-5.  J.  K.  L. 

[The  REV.  J.  PICKFOKD  refers  also  to  the  edition 
of  Hume  and  Smollett  by  the  Rev.  T.  S.  Hughes ; 
MR.  G.  T.  SHERBORX  to  Tindal's  continuation  of 
Rapin ;  and  MR.  J.  B.  WAINEWRIGHT  to  Smollett, 
book  iii.  ch.  viii.  §  28,  and  'Gentleman's  Magazine, 
vol.  xxvii.  p.  90.] 

HOBGOBLIN'S  CLAWS  (9th  S.  xii.  189,  333).— 
Kinouchi  Shigeakira's  '  Unkonshi,'  written 
in  the  eighteenth  century,  describes  and 
figures  what  is  called  by  the  Japanese 
"  Tengu-no-Tsume,"  or  Tengu's  claw,  which  is 
the  fossilized  tooth  of  extinct  sharks..  It  is 
reputed  to  have  the  power  of  repulsing  evil 
spirits  and  curing  demoniacal  possession. 
The  Tengu  is  a  wood-goblin  of  Japanese 
popular  mythology,  and  is  represented  now 
with  prominent  nose,  now  with  bird's  bill, 
as  well  as  bird's  wings,  strongly  recalling  the 
classical  Harpy.  KUMAGUSU  MINAKATA. 

Mount  Nachi,  Kii,  Japan. 

"  COLLECTIONER  "  (10th  S.  i.  28).— This  word 
cannot  be  attributed  only  to  East  Anglia. 
A  contributor  long  ago  (2nd  S.  x.  28)  re- 
quired similar  information,  and  gave  two 
instances  of  its  use  from  the  church  register 
of  Great  Hampden,  Bucks,  in  which  "this 


94 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        do*  s.  i.  JAN.  so, 


word  is  often  used,"  more  particularly  in  the 
case  of  burials  : — 

"1741-42,  Jan*  23d.  Sarah  Ebherop,  a  Collectioner. 

"1762,  July  20th.  Jno.  Apsalon  of  ye  pah  of 
Hitchenden,  Collectioner." 

In  the  reply  given  at  p.  98  it  is  explained 
that  it  applies  to  a  person  permanently  in 
receipt  of  parochial  relief.  Many  legacies 
have  been  left  to  the  poor  not  taking  col- 
lection. 

I  cannot  find  the  word  in  any  of  the  many 
dictionaries  to  which  I  have  referred. 

EVERAKD  HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

See  under  'Collection'  in  'N.E.D.' 

W.  C.  B. 

"AS    MERRY    AS    GRIGGS  "   (9th   S.    xii.    506; 

10th  S.  i.  36). — The  following  quotation  from 
a  poet  and  accurate  observer  of  nature  may 
be  of  interest : — 

All  about  the  fields  you  caught 
His  weary  daylong  chirping,  like  the  dry 
High-elbowed  grigs  that  leap  in  summer  grass. 
Tennyson,  '  The  Brook.' 
HlPPOCLIDES. 

If  it  is  remembered  that  "  grigs  "  are  grass- 
hoppers the  explanation  is  simple  enough. 

E.  W. 

Dr.  Brewer  ('Phrase  and  Fable')  explains 
this  proverb : — 

"A  grig  is  the  sand-eel,  and  a  cricket.  There 
was  also  a  class  of  vagabond  dancers  and  tumblers 

who  visited  ale-houses  so  called Many  think  the 

expression  should  be  '  Merry  as  a  Greek.'  " 

Halliwell  ('  Diet,  of  Archaic  Words ')  is  very 
decided  in  stating  that  grig  is  a  corruption 
of  Greek.  RICHARD  LAWSON. 

Urmston. 

Dickens  uses  this  expression  in  'The  Old 
Curiosity  Shop,'  ch.  1.  In  alluding  to  the 
company  of  rats  Quilp  says :  "  I  shall  be  as 
merry  as  a  grig  among  these  gentry." 

In  Teniple  Bar  for  January  is  an  article  on 
Thomas  Hearne,  the  antiquary.  The  writer, 
the  Rev.  W.  E.  Crothers,  says  that  Hearne 
in  his  '  Diary '  states  "  that  the  phrase  '  as 
merry  as  a  grig'  should  perhaps  be  'as  merry 
as  a  Greek.' "  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

The  saying  was  in  constant  use  when  I 
was  a  lad  in  Derbyshire,  but  here  I  have  not 
known  it  used  except  by  myself.  It  is 
indicative  of  merry  dispositions  and  lively 
antics.  "We  were  all  as  merry  as  griggs." 
Gnats  dancing  in  the  sun  were  "  as  merry  as 
griggs,"  and  so  were  "  cheese- jumpers  "  said 
to  be  as  they  moved  and  jumped  on  the 
cheeseboards  in  provision  shops.  Anything 


having  lively  motion  was  "a  grigg,"  and 
tadpoles  were  included  in  the  list.  Along 
the  roads  after  a  shower  of  rain  appeared 
lively  insects,  which  were  known  as  "fish- 
flies,"  and  these  "danced  like  griggs"  in  the 
sun  as  long  as  the  lanes  remained  wet. 

THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 
Worksop. 

GRAMMAR  :  NINE  PARTS  OP  SPEECH  (9th  S. 
xii.  504). — Between  fifty  and  sixty  years  ago 
these  lines  were  current  at  a  school  in 
Nottingham,  and  that  they  were  of  Trans- 
atlantic origin  was  never  so  much  as  hinted. 
Is  there  a  Board-School  child  in  these  days 
that  would  venture  to  call  a,  an,  and  the 
"articles"?  ST.  S  WITHIN. 

The  rimes  sent  you  by  MR.  COLEMAN 
I  learned  when  I  was  eight  years  old, 
and  attending  Mrs.  Attwood's  school  at 
Fairfield,  Croydon,  in  1865.  I  think  they 
were  printed  in  our  grammar,  but  I  forget 
what  particular  book  this  was. 

JOHN  HOBSON  MATTHEWS. 

Monmouth. 

VETO  AT  PAPAL  ELECTIONS  (9th  S.  xii.  89, 
174,  396). — The  Roman  correspondent  of  the 
Tablet,  in  the  issue  of  that  paper  dated 
9  January,  says  that,  out  of  the  twenty-one 
cardinals  in  Curia,  eighteen  recently  met  as 
the  official  councillors  of  the  Pope,  and 
decided  (1)  that  the  veto  is  abusive  in  its 
origin,  and  (2)  that  it  has  never  become  a 
"  consuetudinary  right."  In  connexion  with 
the  second  point  they  referred  to  the  election 
of  1555,  when  Cardinal  Caraffa  was  elected  in 
spite  of  the  veto  of  Charles  V.  They  con- 
cluded by  recommending  the  Pope  to  render 
the  veto  impossible  in  future  by  inflicting 
excommunication  on  any  one  bearing  a  veto 
to  a  Conclave  from  any  civil  authority. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

FIELD-NAMES,  WEST  HADDON,  co.  NORTH- 
AMPTON (10th  S.  i.  46).— The  field-names  of 
West  Haddon  which  MR.  JOHN  T.  PAGE  has 
contributed  are  of  much  interest.  I  send 
notes  on  a  few  of  them ;  they  must  be 
regarded  as  suggestions  only,  not  as  positive 
statements  of  opinion.  Many  names  depend 
on  local  circumstances  which  a  stranger  to 
the  neighbourhood  can  by  no  means  grapple 
with.  It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  when 
similar  names  occur  in  far  separated  places 
it  by  no  means  follows  they  have  been  alike 
in  origin. 

Several  of  the  names  in  MR.  PAGE'S  list  seem 
to  be  derived  from  those  of  former  owners  or 
tenants,  but  this  does  not  always  follow  as  a 
matter  of  course.  Priestlands  at  Red  burn, 


10*  s.  i.  JAN.  so,  low.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


95 


Lincolnshire,  may  have  been,  and  probably 
•was,  so  called  from  appertaining  to  some  eccle- 
siastical endowment ;  on  the  other  hand,  il 
may  have  been  the  private  property  of  a  priest, 
or  of  some  layman  who  had  Priest  for  a  sur- 
name. Smitnfield,  at  Loughton,  in  Essex 
(8th  S.  i.  84),  may  signify  land  appropriated 
tinder  the  old  manorial  system  to  the  village 
blacksmith,  or  it  may  have  arisen  in  recent 
days  from  having  been  held  by  some  one  who 
bore  that  common  patronymic.  Bellfield,  a 
name  I  have  met  with,  but  failed  to  make  a 
note  of,  was  probably  land  appropriated  to 
the  maintenance  of  the  church's  bell-gear 
and  payment  of  the  ringers,  or  perhaps  a 
place  where  the  church  bells  had  been  cast, 
or  it  may  at  one  time  have  belonged  to  a 
man  called  Bell.  Without  research  among 
old  documents,  which  have  often  been  lost  or 
are  unattainable,  it  is  impossible  to  come  to 
any  definite  conclusion.  At  West  Haddon, 
as  in  most  other  places,  the  names  are  of 
various  dates ;  some  apparently  very  old, 
others  dating  from  the  nineteenth  century. 

California.  —  Probably  one  of  a  class  of 
names  given  in  recent  days,  adopted  from 
foreign  places  which  at  the  time  of  the  name- 
giving  were  attracting  popular  attention. 
There  is  a  cottage  in  the  parish  of  Messing- 
ham  called  St.  Helena ;  I  was  told  by  my 
father  it  was  built  during  the  time  that 
Napoleon  I.  was  a  captive  in  the  Atlantic 
island  so  named.  Some  houses  in  the  Frod- 
ingham  iron  district  go  by  the  name  of 
America ;  and  I  have  seen  a  house  near 
Doncaster,  in  what  parish  I  do  not  know, 
called  New  Zealand.  There  is  a  New  Zealand 
field  in  the  parish  of  Aldenham,  Herts  (8th  S. 
i.  83). 

Castles,  Great. — Possibly  an  encampment 
or  entrenchments  have  existed  here.  Castle 
is  not  uncommonly  employed  in  speaking 
of  an  entrenchment  or  earthwork  where  no 
castle,  in  the  popular  sense  of  the  word,  has 
ever  stood. 

Cockle  Close. — Probably  so  called  from  a 
handsome  plant,  bearing  reddish  -  purple 
flowers,  which  grows  among  corn.  See 
'H.E.D.' 

Copy  Moor.— This  may  have  been  land 
held  by  copyhold  tenure.  In  Lincolnshire 
and  neighbouring  counties  copyhold  pro- 
perty is  frequently  spoken  of  as  Copy  or 
Copy-lands. 

Huckaback.  —  The  word  means  a  coarse 
linen  fabric  used  for  sheets  and  towels.  The 
earliest  example  given  in  the  '  H.E.D.'  is  of 
the  year  1690.  Huckaback  napkins  were  in 
use  at  St.  John's  Coll.,  Cambridge,  in  1698 
(Rogers's  'Hist.  Agriculture  and  Prices,' 


vol.  vi.  p.  548).  It  may  be  that  the  place 
took  its  name  from  ponds  or  a  stream  in 
which  the  flax  was  steeped  before  being 
woven  into  huckaback. 

Hell  Hole. — In  place-names  Hell  does  not 
necessarily  refer  to  the  place  of  punishment, 
though  in  some  cases,  which  I  believe  are 
but  few,  it  may  do  so.  It  often  means  a  deep 
hollow  or  a  darksome  place.  There  was  a 
Helle  Bothe  at  Spalding  ('Mon.  Angl.,'  iii. 
230).  There  are  a  Hell  Hill  and  a  Hell  Wood 
in  Yorkshire,  and  a  Hell  Hole  in  Notting- 
hamshire, but  I  cannot  identify  the  parishes 
to  which  they  belong.  There  were  a  Hell 
Mill  in  Gloucestershire  (Smith's  'Hundred 
of  Berkeley,'  307)  and  a  Hell  Mouth  at  Cam- 
bridge (Gerarde's  'Herbal,'  ed.  1636,  1390). 
It  may  be  worth  noting  that  there  is  a  barrow 
named  Hell's  Hill  in  Wexio,  where  Odin  is 
said  to  have  been  buried  (Marryat's  '  Year  in 
Sweden,'  ii.  376).  Other  places  with  hell  for 
an  affix  have  been  mentioned  to  me  by  friends 
who  were  not  a  little  indignant  at  the  names 
having  been  changed  by  imbecile  persons 
who  were  without  reverence  for  the  free 
speech  of  their  forefathers. 

Hunger  Wells. — To  speculate  regarding  the 
meaning  or  origin  of  Hunger  in  place-names 
would  be  rash.  Several  solutions  occur  to 
me,  none  of  which  is  wildly  improbable,  but 
all  very  far  from  convincing.  The  word  is 
widely  'distributed.  Hunger  Downs  occurs 
at  Loughton  in  Essex  (8th  S.  i.  84),  Hunger 
Hill  at  or  near  Nottingham  ('Records  of 
Nottingham,'  vol.  iv.  p.  114),  and  Hunger- 
lands  at  Aldenham,  Herts  (7th  S.  xii.  383). 

Lord's  Piece.— Probably  lands  belonging  to 
the  lord  of  the  manor. 

Lunches.  —  Query,  is  not  this  a  form  of 
Linch  or  Lynch?  " Hlinc,  ridge,  slope, 
hill"  (Skeat,  'A.-S.  Diet.').  In  Lincolnshire 
inch  means  a  balk  in  a  field  dividing  one 
man's  land  from  another.  It  is  perhaps 
obsolete  now,  but  was  not  so  in  1787,  for 
_n  the  'Survey  of  the  Manor  of  Kirton-in- 
Landsey '  of  that  date  it  is  stated  that  "  the 
ands  in  the  field  are  called  dales,  and  the 
Cinches  or  green  strips  on  each  side  are  called 
marfurs  or  meerfurrows." 

Old  Leys.  —  Ley  or  Lay,  unenclosed  grass 
_and,  which  at  some  time  or  other  had  oeen 
ploughed,  but  had  been  laid  down  to  grass. 
There  is  a  farm  at  Hibaldstow,  Lincolnshire, 
yet  spoken  of  as  the  Old  Leys. 

Poor  Man's  Close.  —  Probably  land  dedi- 
cated in  some  way  or  other  to  the  relief  of 
the  poor.  Perhaps  settled  by  deed  of  gift  or 
will  before  the  passing  of  the  Act  known  as 
the  Poor  Law  of  Elizabeth. 

Toot  Hill— An  eminence  (7th  S.  i.  56, 97, 154). 


96 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  JA*.  ao,  wo*. 


Wad  Close. — A  dialectic  form  of  woad,  a 
plant  used  for  dying.  This  spot  has  perhaps 
been  a  place  where  woad  has  been  grown. 
It  was  a  crop  very  exhausting  to  the  land, 
and  tenant  farmers  were  often  prohibited 
from  growing  it.  In  many  old  leases  a 
covenant  is  found  making  the  growth  of 
"woad,  otherwise  called  wad,"  penal. 

EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

Wickentree  House,  Kirton-in-Lindsey. 

THE  WYKEHAMICAL  WORD  "TOYS"  (9th  S. 
xii.  345,  437,  492  ;  10th  S.  i.  13,  50).— I  should 
like  to  thank  PROF.  SKEAT  for  the  opinion 
which  my  solicitation  (at  the  third  reference) 
induced  him  to  express  (at  the  fourth)  upon 
the  various  derivations  assigned  to  this  word. 
The  question,  When  did  the  word  come  into 
use  at  Winchester  ]  may  perhaps  be  material 
to  the  question,  What  is  its  true  origin  ]  and 
for  this  reason  I  offer  the  following  evidence 
that  the  word  was  already  current  among  the 
boys  in  1771.  I  have  a  manuscript  copy  of  a 
series  of  letters  written  during  1770  and  1771 
by  a  "  commoner  "  to  his  brother  who  was 
absent  from  the  school  on  account  of  ill- 
health,  and  the  following  passage  occurs  in 
one  of  these  letters,  which  is  dated  Winton, 
30  June,  1771  :— 

"  The  mice  have  found  means  to  get  into  the  well 
of  your  under  Toys ;  and  to  make  a  little  havock 
with  some  of  your  Papers  :  your  upper  Toys  I  found 
open,  nothing  is  missing  as  I  can  find  except  the 
sixth  Volume  of  Pope's  Works." 

I  imagine  that  the  writer  meant  by  "  upper 
Toys  "  the  cupboard  which  formed  the  uppei 
part  of  his  brother's  bureau,  and  that  this 
bureau  was  similar  to  the  bureaux  which  are 
sketched  in  the  illustration  at  p.  20  of  Words 
worth's  '  The  College  of  St.  Mary  Winton  near 
Winchester '  (1848),  and  at  p.  226  of  Walcott'sr 
'  William    of    Wykeham    and    his   Colleges 
(1852).     (See  also  the  picture  of    'Seventl 
Chamber '  in  Radclyffe's  '  Memorials  of  Win 
Chester  College.')    Mr.  R,   B.   Mansfield,  m 
doubt,  had  bureaux  of  this  kind  in  his  mind' 
eye  when  he  penned  his  definition  of  "  toys 
•which  I  cited  at  the  third  reference.     Thes. 
simple    movable    bureaux    have    now    been 
superseded  at  Winchester  generally,  if  no 
entirely,  by  fixed  furniture  of  a  somewha 
more  complex  character.     The  word  "toys 
has   been  transferred  to  this  furniture,  am 
accordingly  a  boy's  "toys"  now  mean,  as 
rule,  certain  fixed  furniture  which  has  been 
allotted  to  him  for  his  own  use.    Specimen 
of  the  old  bureaux,  however,  still  exist,  am 
one   of   them    is    preserved    in    the  colleg 
museum. 

The  mere  fact  that  space  is  occupied  by  th 
furniture  allotted  to  each  boy  does  not  justif 


cceptance  of  the  derivation  of  "  toys  "  front 
Fr.  toise=&  fathom,"  which  is  offered  by 
ie  authors  of  the  useful  book  mentioned  at 
!ie  last  reference.  They  give  no  historical 
vidence  pointing  to  a  connexion  between 
'  toys  "  and  toise,  and  until  some  evidence  of 
he  supposed  connexion  has  been  given,  it 
eems  prudent  to  abstain  from  regarding  this- 
erivation  as  satisfactory. 

In  view  of  PROP.  SKEAT'S  suggestion  that 
he  word  may  be  only  "  a  peculiar  use  of  the 
ommpn  E.  toy"  I  venture  to  quote  the  follow- 
ng  passage  from  Addison's  'Remarks  on 
taly' (Kurd's  edition  of  Addison's  'Works/ 
ro\.  ii.,  1811,  p.  167)  :— 

"One  cannot  but  be  amazed  to  see  such  a  pro- 
usion  of  wealth  laid  out  in  coaches,  trappings, 
ables,  cabinets,  and  the  like  precious  toys,  in 
vhich  there  are  few  princes  in  Europe  who  equal 
hem." 

This  passage  is  cited  in  the  '  Century  Dic- 
ionary,'  vol.  vi.,  under  "  toy,"  with  a  reference 
o  Bohn's  edition  of  Addison,  i.  504.  H.  C. 

SADLER'S  WELLS  PLAY  ALLUDED  TO  BY 
WORDSWORTH  (10th  S.  i.  7,  70).— It  may  in- 
;erest  H.  W.  B.  to  know  that  in  an  unpub- 
ished  letter  from  Mary  Lamb  to  Dorothy 
Wordsworth,  postmarked  11  July,  1803,  is 
this  passage : — 

"  We  went  last  week  with  Southey  and  Rickman 
and  his  sister  to  Sadlers  Wells,  the  lowest  and  most 
London-like  of  all  [of]  any  London  amusements — 
t,he  entertainments  were  '  Goody  Two  Shoes,'  '  Jack 
the  Giant  Killer,'  and  '  Mary  of  Buttermere'!  poor 
Mary  was  very  happily  married  at  the  end  of  the 
piece,  to  a  sailor  her  former  sweetheart— we  had  a 
prodigious  fine  view  of  her  father's  house  in  the  vale 
of  Buttermere — mountains  very  like  large  haycocks, 
and  a  lake  like  nothing  at  all — if  you  had  been 
with  us,  would  you  have  laughed  the  whole  time 
like  Charles  and  Miss  Rickman  or  gone  to  sleep  as 
Southey  and  Rickman  did." 

E.  V.  LUCAS. 

RICHARD  NASH  (9th  S.  xi.  445  ;  xii.  15,  116, 
135,  272,  335, 392,  493  ;  10th  S.  i.  32).— The  con- 
fusion over  the  so-called  Chesterfield  epigram 
has  arisen  mainly  from  the  fact  that  there 
was  always  (at  least  for  more  than  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  years)  a  statue,  as  now,  of 
Beau  Nash  in  the  Bath  Pump  Room,  but  no 
picture  of  him.  It  was  natural  that  some 
should  conclude  that  the  correct  reading  was 
"the  statue  (not  picture)  placed  the  busts 
between."  The  lines  were,  however,  written 
before  the  statue  was  carved.  When  a  second 
assembly  room  was  opened  on  the  Terrace 
Walk  (called,  after  the  lessee,  "Wiltshire's") 
in  1729-30,  it  was  adorned,  it  is  believed,  with 
a  full-length  portrait  of  Nash  (then  in  the 
height  of  his  popularity),  which  was  sup- 
ported by  the  busts  of  Newton  and  Pope, 


io»s.  i.  JAN.  so,  ion.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


97 


the  latter  being  at  the  time  a  frequent  visitor. 
Jane  Brereton,  who  died  in  1740,  struck  by 
the  incongruous  combination,  wrote  the  sub- 
joined poem,  which  is  entitled  '  On  Mr. 
Wash's  picture,  full  length,  between  the  busts 
of  Sir  Isaac  Newton  and  Mr.  Pope,'  and,  as 
will  be  seen,  it  must  have  formed  the  basis  of 
the  later  epigram  : — 

The  old  Egyptians  hid  their  wit 

In  hieroglyphic  dress 
To  give  men  pains  to  search  for  it 

And  please  themselves  with  guess. 

Moderns  to  tread  the  selfsame  path 

And  exercise  our  parts 
Place  figures  in  a  room  at  Bath ; 

Forgive  them,  God  of  Arts  ! 

Newton,  if  I  may  judge  aright, 

All  wisdom  doth  express  : 
His  knowledge  gives  mankind  new  light, 

Adds  to  their  happiness. 

Pope  is  the  emblem  of  true  wit, 

The  sunshine  of  the  mind  ; 
Head  o'er  his  works  for  proof  of  it, 

You  '11  endless  pleasure  find. 

Nash  represents  man  in  the  mass, 

Made  up  of  wrong  and  right, 
Sometimes  a  knave,  sometimes  an  ass, 

Now  blunt  and  now  polite. 

The  picture  placed  the  busts  between 

Adds  to  the  thought  much  strength  : 
Wisdom  and  Wit  are  little  seen, 
But  Folly's  at  full  length. 

W.  T. 
Bath. 

PENRITH  (10th  S.  i.  29).— The  editorial  note 
says,  "  Penrith  is  still  pronounced  Perith  in 
the  North."  As  a  North-Countryman,  I 
should  like  to  point  out  that  those  letters 
do  not  in  these  days,  and  especially  in  the 
South,  sufficiently  represent  the  pronun- 
ciation. Peerith  would  be  better.  By-the- 
by,  is  Perth  (pronounced  very  similarly  in 
Scotland)  a  name  of  the  same  origin  and 
meaning  ] 

In  the  same  direction  it  might  be  noted 
that  "Peercy"  is  the  spelling  in  many 
ancient  Northern  documents  of  the  old  sur- 
name Percy  (e.g.,  "  the  Peercy  Fee,"  &c.) ; 
and  presumably  "  Peercy "  would  not  be 
pronounced  as  we  usually  now  pronounce 
Percy.  BALBUS. 

Rons  OR  ROWSE  FAMILY  (9th  S.  xii.  487.; 
10th  S.  i.  55). — For  Speaker  Francis  Rous  see 
also  '  D.N.B.'  and  the  Rev.  Douglas  Macleane's 
'  History  of  Pembroke  College '  (Oxford  His- 
torical Society,  1897.  pp.  291-6),  whereat  he 
founded  the  existing  Eton  Scholarship.  The 
College  possesses  a  half-length  portrait  of 
him,  in  which  he  is  represented  wearing  a 
tall  wide-brimmed  hat.  There  is  another 


Dortrait  at  Eton  of  Rous  in  his   robes  as 

Speaker.     His  father  Sir  Anthony  married, 

as  his  second  wife,  the  mother  of  John  Pym, 

e  statesman.  A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

" CONST ANTINE  PEBBLE"  (9th  S.  xii.  506; 
10th  S.  i.  33).— A  really  excellent  illustration 
and  description  of  the  above  are  to  be  found 
under  the  heading  of  'On  Cromlechs5  on 
p.  G4,  vol.  vi.  of  the  Saturday  Magazine  for 
14  February,  1835.  It  commences  : — 

"The  accompanying  engraving  exhibits  a  view  of 
an  insulated  rock,  popularly  termed  a  Cromlech, 
standing  on  a  moor  in  the  parish  of  Constantine,  in 
Cornwall,  and  called  by  the  people  of  the  country 
'  The  Tolmen.' " 

The  article  concludes  : — 

"The  Tolmen  points  due  north  and  south,  is 
33  feet  in  length,  18  feet  in  width  in  the  widest 
part,  and  14  feet  6  inches  in  depth,  97  feet  in  cir- 
cumference, and  is  calculated  by  admeasurement 
to  contain  750  tons  of  stone." 

CHAS.  F.  FOESHAW,  LL.D. 
Bradford. 

ERROR  IN  'POLIPHILI  HYPNEROTOMACHIA  ' 
(10th  S.  i.  4).— The  error  which  MR.  ELIOT 
HODGKIN  has  noticed  in  some  copies  of  this 
work  appears  also  in  the  Grenyille  copy  in 
the  British  Museum  (G.  10564),  in  which  the 
clumsy  alteration  obtrudes  itself  very  un- 
pleasantly upon  the  eye.  I  do  not  know 
whether  MR.  HODGKIN  has  seen  this  copy. 

S.  J.  ALDRICH. 

New  Southgate. 

CARDIGAN  AS  A  SURNAME  (10th  S.  i.  67).— 
Is  it  a  surname  ?  On  the  contrary,  it  seems 
to  exist  only  as  a  territorial  title.  If  G.  H.  W. 
refers  to  the  earldom,  the  pedigree  is,  of 
course,  in  Burke.  But  it  only  goes  back  to 
the  wedding,  early  in  the  eighteenth  century, 
of  a  Bruce  with  a  Lord  Cardigan  of  another 
family.  D. 

SALEP  OR  SALOP  (9th  S.  xii.  448). —The 
vending  of  "saloop,"  as  it  was  more  gene- 
rally called,  among  the  street- barrow  men  of 
London,  is  now,  I  think,  quite  an  extinct 
calling.  Its  use  began  to  be  superseded  by 
tea  and  coffee  about  the  year  1831,  up  to 
which  time  it  had  supplied  the  humble  needs 
of  the  early  wayfarers  in  the  same  way  that 
coffee  does  now.  It  was  when  coffee  became 
cheaper,  with  all  its  accessory  adulterations, 
that  it  began  entirely  to  displace  saloop.  See 
Henry  Mayhew's  'London  Labour  and  the 
London  Poor,'  1851,  vol.  i.  p.  191  seq.  The 
beverage  was  originally  made  from  salep, 
the  roots  of  Orchis  mascula,  a  common  plant 
of  our  meadows,  the  tubers  of  which,  being 
cleaned  and  peeled,  are  lightly  browned  in 


98 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io<»  s.  i.  JAN.  so,  100*. 


an  oven.  It  was  much  recommended  in  the 
last  century  by  Dr.  Percival,  partly  as  con- 
taining the  largest  portion  of  nutritious 
matter  in  the  smallest  space.  John  Timbs, 
F.S.A.,  the  author  of  'Something  for  Every- 
body '  (q.v.  p.  200),  remembered  many  saloop- 
stalls  in  our  streets.  The  date  of  that  work 

is  1861.  J.   HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

MR.  CLARK  will  find  a  good  deal  about  this 
concoction  in  the  new  edition  of  Yule's 
4  Anglo-Indian  Glossary,'  s.v.  '  Saleb,'  where 
references  are  given  to  articles  in  '  N.  &  Q.' 
on  its  modern  use.  W.  CROOKE. 

"LOST  IN  A  CONVENT'S  SOLITARY  GLOOM" 
(10th  S.  i.  67)  is  to  be  found  in  Pope's  '  Eloisa 
to  Abelard,'  1.  38.  B.  ENGLISH. 

[MR.  YARDLEY  also  refers  to  Pope.] 

BIRCH-SAP  WINE  (9th  S.  xi.  467;  xii.  50, 
296;  10th  S.  i.  18).—  William  Simpson,  of 
Wakefield,  in  his  '  Hydrologia  Chymica,' 
1669,  p.  328,  writes  :— 

"  If  you  wound  a  branch  of  the  birch  tree,  or  lop 
the  bole  thereof,  in  March,  if  it  be  done  below, 
near  the  ground,  the  latex  thence  issuing  is  a  mere 
insipid  water  ;  but  if  a  branch  of  about  3  fingers 
thickness  be  wounded  to  the  semidiameter  thereof, 
and  fill'd  with  wooll,  it  weeps  forth  a  subacid 
liquor  in  great  abundance,  insomuch  that  in  one 
day  such  a  wounded  branch  may  give  8  or  10  pound 
of  that  liquor  :  concerning  the  vertue  whereof 
Helmont  saith,  Qui  in  ipso  lithiasis  tormento 
solatur  afflictos,  tribus  quatuorye  cochlearibus 
assumptis,  viz.  that  it  gives  help,  in  the  torments 
of  the  stone,  being  taken  to  the  quantity  of  three 
or  four  spoonfulls  :  which  he  saith  is  balsamus 
lithiasis  merus." 

W.  C.  B. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

Admissions  to  the  College  of  St.  John  the  Evangelist, 
Cambridge.  Part  III.  1715-67.  Edited,  with 
Notes,  by  Robert  F.  Scott.  (Cambridge,  Deighton, 
Bell  &  Co.) 

THE  Senior  Bursar  of  St.  John's  has  here  continued 
the  work  which  Prof.  J.  E.  B.  Mayor  began  in  a 
manner  worthy  of  his  predecessor,  and  of  a  splendid 
foundation.  We  cannot  speak,  in  fact,  too  highly 
of  the  great  care  and  research  which  have  gone  to 
the  elucidation  of  details  in  the  careers  of  Johnians. 
The  Register  is  one  of  bare  names,  but  by  the  aid 
of  various  sources,  including  our  own  columns. 
parish  registers,  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  ana 
other  collections  known  to  specialists,  a  large  mass 
of  illuminating  detail  has  been  secured.  When  we 
add  that  the  indexes  are  wonderfully  complete,  in- 
cluding one  of  counties,  another  of  schools,  and  two 
of  trades,  in  English  and  Latin  respectively,  it  will 
be  seen  that  the  volume  is  a  model  of  what  such  a 
thing  should  be. 

This  was  an  infructuous  time  in  Cambridge  his- 
tory, and  these  admissions  include  no  names  of 
the  highest  mark  ;  still  they  do  not  fail  to  interest 


us  a  good  deal.  Looking  for  men  associated  with 
Johnson,  we  come  across  "Demosthenes"  Taylor, 
the  most  silent  man  that  the  Doctor  ever  saw,  yet 
one  who  could  change,  in  the  right  company,  from 
the  laborious  student  to  the  festive  companion  with 
wonderful  rapidity,  left  forty  volumes  of  common- 
place books,  played  cards  well,  and  was  an  elegant 
carver.  Soame  Jenyns,  a  review  of  whose  book  on 
'  The  Nature  and  Origin  of  Evil '  brought  Johnson 
repute,  also  wrote  an  '  Essay  on  Dancing,"  famous 
in  its  day,  and  was  by  no  means  such  a  fool  as  the 
Doctor  and  Boswell  made  out.  Johnson's  "most 
exquisite  critical  essay  "  anywhere,  as  Boswell  calls 
it,  its  victim  and  subject  never  forgave,  writing  a 
scurrilous  epitaph  on  his  reviewer  many  years  later. 
Johnians  of  this  time  also  were  Dr.  Heberden,  who 
attended  Johnson  on  his  deathbed,  and  the  satirist 
Churchill,  whom  Boswell  defended  against  the 
charge  of  being  a  blockhead. 

Many  singular  characters  appear  in  these  pages, 
and  no  one  can  fail  to  be  struck  with  the  cheerful- 
ness and  hilarity  which  is  so  frequently  noted  as 
a  characteristic  of  these  university  men.  From 
our  own  columns  is  quoted  a  curious  account 
of  the  marriage  of  Robert  Lamb,  who  wrote  books 
on  chess  and  the  battle  of  Flodden,  and  selected  a 
carrier's  daughter  he  had  not  seen  for  many  years 
as  his  spouse.  She  was  to  make  herself  known  to 
him  by  walking  down  the  street  with  a  tea-caddy 
under  her  arm.  She  did  so,  but  he  was  too  absent- 
minded  to  be  there,  though  he  met  and  married 
her  in  due  course  through  the  intervention  of  an 
old  Customs- House  officer. 

An  odd  forgotten  worthy  is  Dr.  John  Brown, 
the  author  of  '  Barbarossa,' a  play  for  which  Garrick 
wrote  Prologue  and  Epilogue,  and  a  book  on  the 
manners  of  the  times  which  in  1757  went  through 
seven  editions.  His  reputation  for  organizing  edu- 
cation was  such  that  he  was  engaged  to  go  to 
Russia  by  the  Empress,  and  given  1,0001.  for  the 
journey,  which  his  ill-health  prevented.  There 
were  very  serious  people  about  in  these  days,  too, 
such  as  the  Hulse  of  various  theological  benefac- 
tions to  the  University,  who  left  a  will  of  nearly 
four  hundred  pages  of  closely  written  manuscript ! 

Next  to  Home  Tooke,  on  whom  there  are  three 
pages  of  excellent  notes,  comes  Stephen  Fovargue, 
who  in  1770  horsewhipped  and  kicked  a  "  Jip,"  as 
Cole  spells  it.  The  Jip  died,  and  Fovargue  ab- 
sconded to  France,  and  played  the  violin  in  the 
streets  of  Paris  as  a  beggar.  Finally,  in  1774  he 
returned  "to  Cambridge  in  long  dirty  ruffles,  his 
hair  tied  up  with  a  piece  of  pack-thread,  and  in  a 
sailor's  jacket,  and  yellow  trousers,"  and  was  ac- 
quitted on  the  deposition  of  various  doctors,  as  the 
college  servant  had  been  in  ill-health  for  some  time 
before  being  maltreated.  What  romance  and 
adventure  such  careers,  illuminated  by  the  ad- 
mirable collections  of  Cole,  Nichols,  and  others, 
and  the  exemplary  research  of  the  editor  of  this 
Register,  afford  may  be  guessed  from  our  quotations. 

We  wish  that  other  great  foundations  of  Oxford 
and  Cambridge  would  imitate  that  of  St.  John  the 
Evangelist  in  the  zealous  collection  of  materials 
growing  every  day  harder  to  find. 

Songs  of  the  Vine,  with  a  Medley  for  Maltwprms* 
Selected  and  edited  by  William  G.  Hutchinson. 
(Bullen.) 

THE  parentage  of  this  volume  constitutes  a  voucher 
for  its  merits.  Selected  by  Mr.  Hutchinson,  and 
published  by  Mr.  Bullen,  taste  and  judgment  have 


io»  s.  i.  to  so,  1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


99 


presided  over  its  birth,  and  it  is  the  most  enjoyable 
work  of  its  class  to  which  the  enlightened  and 
sympathetic  student  may  turn.  Ale  and  beer  songs 
we  have  in  plenty ;  but  we  know  not  where  else  to 
point  to  so  stimulating  a  collection  of  bacchanalian 
lyrics.  Xot  only  Mr.  Bullen,  but  the  late  W.  E. 
Henley  has  assisted  in  the  task  of  selection.  The 
opening  poem  consists  of  the  immortal  drinking- 
song  assigned  somewhat  dubiously  to  Walter  Mapes. 
From  this,  however,  one  or  two  stanzas,  especially 
that  beginning 

Magis  quam  ecclesiam  diligo  tabernam, 
disappear,  a  matter  of  which  we  do  not  complain, 
but  for  which  we  are  sorry.  Leigh  Hunt's  familiar 
translation  is  given.  Much  of  this  is  good.  Would 
not  the  following  be  a  better  rendering  of  the  first 
stanza  ?— 

In  a  tavern  I  propose  to  end  my  days  a-drinking, 
With  the  %yine-stoup  near  my  hand  to  seize  when  I 

am  sinking ; 
That  celestial  choirs  may  sing,  sweet  angel  voices 

linking, 
God  be  merciful  to  one  who  drank  well  without 

shrinking. 

The  credit  of  writing  the  famous  "  Back  and  side 
go  bare"  is  withdrawn  from  Bishop  Still;  but  the 
Rev.  John  Home,  of  '  Douglas '  fame,  is  responsible 
for  the  praise  of  claret,  and  the  Rev.  John  Black- 
lock,  D.D.,  for  that  of  punch,  while  Dean  Aldrich 
is  credited  with  the  five  excellent  '  Reasons  for 
Drinking.'  Those  who  supply  the  remaining  lyrics 
include  Lyly,  Shakespeare,  Jonson,  Herrick,  Henry 
Vaughan,  Congreve,  Dr.  Johnson,  Sheridan,  Gold- 
smith, Burns,  Blake,  Thackeray,  and  innumerable 
others,  besides  some  few  writers  of  later  date.  It 
is  a  fine  collection,  truly,  almost  the  only  really 
immortal  lyric  we  fail  to  see  being  that  concerning 
"All  our  men  were  very  merry,'  which  probably 
does  not  come  into  the  scheme.  A  poem  assigned 
to  Thackeray,  called '  Commanders  of  the  Faithful,' 
we  knew  very  many  years  ago  in  a  different  form. 
Permission  has  been  obtained  to  insert  Sir  Theo- 
dore Martin's  (or  Aytoun's)  '  Dirge  of  the  Drinker.' 
We  repeat  that  for  those  to  whom  bacchanalian 
chants  appeal  the  volume  will  bring  unending 
delight. 

The  Judicial  Dictionary  of  Words  and  Phrases 
Judicially  Interpreted.  By  F.  Stroud.  Second 
Edition.  3  vols.  (Sweet  &  Maxwell.) 
SIXCE  the  appearance  in  1890,  from  the  same  pub- 
lishers, of  the  first  edition,  Stroud's  'Judicial 
Dictionary '  has  been  enlarged  to  thrice  its  original 
size.  This  is  due  in  part  to  the  amplification  of 
materials.  The  augmentation  of  size  may,  how- 
ever, be  taken  as  a  proof  of  the  utility  of  a  work 
which  is,  in  its  way,  unique,  and  has,  as  its  author 
justly  observes,  neither  predecessor  nor  rival.  Its 
first  and  most  obvious  appeal  is  to  lawyers,  to 
the  more  intellectual  and  philosophical  among 
whom  it  is  indispensable.  Its  aims  extend,  how- 
ever, far  beyond  this  limited  circle,  since  it  is 
sought  to  make  it  "  the  authoritative  Interpreter 
of  the  English  of  Affairs  for  the  British  Empire." 
Even  here  its  utility  does  not  end,  and  the 
philologist  will  do  well  to  have  it  at  his  hand 
and  consult  it  as  a  work  independent  of,  even  if 
supplementary  to,  accepted  dictionaries.  It  is  not 
a  law  lexicon,  but  a  dictionary  of  words  and  phrases 
which  have  received  interpretation  by  the  judges. 
Not  easy  is  it  to  convey  to  those  who  are  unfamiliar 


with  the  work  an  idea  of  its  nature  and  methods. 
A  basis  is  to  be  found  in  works  such  as  Cowel's 
'  Interpreter '  and  the  like,  but  the  general  mass 
of  information  is  derived  from  decisions  in  the 
various  courts.  A  preliminary  '  Table  of  Cases ' 
occupies  over  one  hundred  and  twenty  closely 
printed  pages  in  double  columns,  to  which  a  '  Table 
of  Statutes'  adds  some  fifty  pages  more,  other 
lists  of  abbreviations  bringing  the  preliminary 
matter  up  to  two  hundred  and  twenty  pages. 
Sometimes  the  information  given  is  purely  legal, 
as  when,  under  '  Cheese,'  we  are  told,  with  a  cross- 
reference  to  '  Margarine,'  that  what  is  known  as 
cheese  contains  "no  fat  derived  otherwise  than 
from  milk  " ;  sometimes  it  seems  arbitrary,  as  when 
we  find,  under  'Crew,'  that  "the  crew  does  not 
always  mean  the  whole  crew."  Sometimes,  again, 
it  is  of  widespread  influence,  as  when  we  meet  the 
many  definitions  of  '  Crime.'  Often  it  is  technical, 
as  under  headings  such  as  '  Negative  Pregnant ' ; 
sometimes,  again,  the  information  supplied  is  vir- 
tually negative,  as  when  we  hear  that  "the  word 
'indecently'  has  no  definite  legal  meaning,"  or 
learn  that  "'negligence'  is  not  an  affirmative 
word,"  but  is  "  the  absence  of  such  care,  skill,  and 
diligence  as  it  was  the  duty  of  the  person  to  bring 
to  the  performance  of  the  work  which  he  is  said 
not  to  have  performed."  Any  work  that  facilitates 
reference,  and  in  so  doing  saves  time,  is  of  extreme 
importance,  and  in  this  respect,  as  in  others,  the 
present  book  should  be  found  in  every  library  of 
reference,  private  as  well  as  public. 

The  Collected  Poems  of  Lord  de  TaUey.    (Chapman 

&  Hall.) 

THESE  collected  poems  of  John  Byrne  Leicester 
Warren,  third  and  last  Lord  de  Tabley,  are  issued 
without  any  form  of  preface  or  introduction  beyond 
an  inserted  slip  to  the  effect  that  a  single  poem, 
entitled  '  Orpheus  in  Hades,'  is  reprinted  from  the 
Nineteenth  Century  by  permission  of  Mr.  [Sir]  James 
T.  Knowles.  They  include,  presumably,  all  that  is 
found  worthy  of  preservation  in  the  volumes  issued 
respectively  in  1859  and  1862  under  the  pseudonym 
of  George  F.  Preston,  and  in  1863  and  1868  under 
that  of  William  Lancaster,  the  anonymously  pub- 
lished tragedies  of  '  Philoctetes '  and  '  Orestes,'  and 
the  verses  subsequently  given  (1873,  1876)  under  the 
writer's  own  name.  Their  reappearance  has  been 
preceded  by  that  of  selection^  which  would,  it  might 
have  been  supposed,  have  sufficed  for  the  require- 
ments of  the  average  reader.  There  is,  however,  a 
class — with  which  we  sympathize — which,  if  it  is  to 
have  a  poet  at  all,  asks  for  him  in  his  entirety, 
and  to  this  the  present  volume  appeals.  Lord  de 
Tabley's  poems  are  the  products  of  a  thoughtful, 
highly  cultivated,  and  richly  endowed  mind,  which 
at  its  best  rises  near  inspiration.  They  have  been 
sadly  overpraised  by  writers  who  should  know 
better,  but  who  may  be  pardoned,  perhaps,  the 
desire  to  find  in  the  dead  level  of  mediocrity  of 
modern  verse  some  promise  of  better  things,  and 
they  owe  something  to  unconscious  imitation  of  the 
best  models.  The  subjects  are  largely  classical,  but 
are  not  treated  in  the  conventional  manner.  It  is 
curious,  indeed,  to  encounter  a  tragedy  with  the 
title  of  '  Orestes'  containing  no  mention  of  Pylades, 
Agamemnon,  Clytsemnestra,  or  Electra,  and  yet 
dealing  with  the  slaying  of  a  mother's  paramour. 
In  observation  of  nature  Lord  de  Tabley  is  always 
at  his  best.  Sometimes,  as  in  'The  Nymph  and 
the  Hunter,'  the  subject  of  which  is  quasi-classical, 


100 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  JAN.  so,  UM. 


he  shows  a  fervid  imagination.  His  style  is  fre- 
quently too  elaborate,  but  his  book  deserves,  and 
•will  receive,  a  welcome.  'On  a  Portrait  of  Sir 
John  Suckling'  (p.  277)  is  an  interesting  poem.  To 
it  is  appended  a  foot-note  making  a  promise  which 
is  nowhere  fulfilled. 
The  Cathedral  Church  of  St.  Patrick.  By  J.  H- 

Bernard,  D.D.    (Bell  &  Sons.) 

To  "Bell's  Cathedral  Series"  has  been  added  a 
volume  on  the  cathedral  church  of  St.  Patrick, 
Dublin,  compiled  by  the  Dean.  In  addition  to 
the  miscellaneous  documents  contained  in  the 
•'Dignitas  Decani'  which  were  used  by  Monck 
Mason  in  his  '  History  of  St.  Patrick's  Cathedral, 
the  Patent  Rolls  and  Papal  Registers  published 
tinder  the  direction  of  the  Master  of  the  Rolls  have 
been  laid  under  contribution,  so  that  the  volume 
is  complete  as  regards  historical  information.  In 
addition  to  illustrations  from  Monck  Mason's 
monumental  work,  from  Ware's  '  Antiquities,'  from 
Malton's  'Dublin,'  and  from  Whitelaw's  'History 
of  Dublin,'  the  work  is  enriched  by  photographic 
views,  reissues  of  ancient  prints,  and  reproductions 
-of  brasses,  &c.  A  list  of  the  Deans  of  St.  Patrick's, 
from  William  FitzGuido  in  1219  to  the  writer  of 
the  present  volume,  is  appended.  These,  of  course, 
comprise  Philip  Norris,  1457,  excommunicated  by 
Pope  Eugenius  IV. ;  William  King,  subsequently 
Archbishop;  and  Jonathan  Swift.  The  bust  of 
the  last  named  in  Carrara  marble,  presented  in 
1775  by  a  nephew  of  Alderman  Faulkner,  is  also 

S'ven.    Swifts  remains  are  buried    in    the  nave, 
f  Stella,  who  is  buried  near  Swift,  the  Dean  says, 
"  Her  sad  and  strange  history  has  never  been  fully 
revealed  to  the  world,  and  her  relations  with  the 
Dean  [Swift]  will,  probably,  always  be  a  mystery." 

How  to  Decipher  and  Study  Old  Documents.  By 
E  E.  Thoyts  (Mrs.  John  Hautenville  Cope). 
(Stock.) 

TEN  years  have  elapsed  since  the  appearance  of 
Mrs.  Cope's  useful  and  well-arranged  volume  (see 
,8th  S.  iv.  160),  and  a  second  edition  is  now  forth- 
coming. For  the  young  student  it  is  probably  the 
most  serviceable  work  in  existence.  The  old  intro- 
duction of  Mr.  Trice  Martin  is  reproduced.  In 
her  preface  the  author  answers  the  objection  we 
advanced  in  our  previous  notice  against  her  second 
chapter  on  handwriting,  and  insists  that  a  careful 
study  of  every  line  and  letter  is  useful,  a  statement 
we  are  prepared  to  accept.  We  had,  indeed,  no 
notion  then,  nor  have  we  now,  of  censure,  the  book 
for  its  purpose  being  entitled  to  high  praise.  We 
hope  Mrs.  Cope  will  long  continue  her  labours,  and 
rsometitnes,  as  she  has  done  previously,  favour  us 
with  the  results. 

THE  Record  of  the  Summer  Excursions  of  the 
Upper  Norwood  Athenaum  for  1903  is  full  of 
interest.  The  places  visited  include  Clandon  and 
Merrow,  when  Mr.  Charles  Wheeler,  the  chairman 
for  the  year,  conducted.  The  manor  of  West 
'Clandon  dates  back  to  Edward  II.  The  house 
was  imparked  in  1521,  and  in  the  days  of 
Charles  I.  enlarged  and  improved  by  Sir  Richard 
Onslow.  "  The  present  mansion  was  built  by 
Thomas,  the  second  Earl,  in  1731,  from  designs  by 
Giacomo  Leoni,  a  Venetian."  The  next  ramble 
was  to  Warnham  Court,  Mr.  Henry  Virgoe  being 
the  leader.  The  manor  was  held  by  William  de 
.Saye  in  1272.  Its  present  possessor  is  Mr.  Charles 
T.  Lucas.  The  party  afterwards  visited  the  new 


Christ's  Hospital  Schools  at  Horsham,  erected  at 
a  cost  of  300,000^.  The  buildings  contain  "  forty 
miles  of  hot-water  pipes  and  ninety-eight  miles 
of  electric  wires."  Another  place  visited  was 
Holmbury  Camp,  when  Mr.  T.  H.  Alexander  read 
a  paper.  Mr.  William  Frederick  Potter  took  the 
ramblers  to  Bexley  Heath  and  Crayford.  Crayford 
Church  is  remarkable  for  its  nave,  which  "has  the 
very  singular  plan  of  a  row  of  columns  and  arches 
down  the  centre,  abutting  against  the  chancel  arch." 
Mr.  W.  T.  Vincent,  the  antiquary,  of  Woolwich, 
informed  Mr.  Potter  "that  he  believes  the  only 
other  example  of  this  kind  in  England  is  in  the 
church  at  Grasmere,  Westmoreland."  At  Bexley 
the  Red  House,  erected  by  William  Morris  in  1859? 
was  visited.  It  was  of  this  house  that  Rossetti 
wrote  in  1862,  "  Above  all,  I  wish  you  could  see  the 
house  Morris  has  built  for  himself  in  Kent.  It  is 
a  most  noble  work  in  every  way,  and  more  a  poem 
than  a  house,  such  as  anything  else  could  lead  you 
to  conceive,  but  an  admirable  place  to  live  in,  too." 
In  another  trip  Mr.  Frank  E.  Spiers  conducted  the 
last  of  his  series  of  visits  to  Oxford.  Mr.  G.  H. 
Quartermain's  excursion  was  to  Roydon  and  Nether 
Hall.  Selsdon  Park,  as  well  as  Redbourne  and 
Hemel  Hempstead,  by  the  editors,  form  interesting 
papers,  as  also  does  '  Horton  and  Wraysbury,'  by 
Mr.  Theophilus  Pitt,  who  has  been  chosen  as  the 
future  editor  of  the  annual  transactions,  to  succeed 
Mr.  J.  Stanley  and  Mr.  W.  F.  Harradence,  who 
have  ably  edited  the  *  Record '  during  the  past 
eleven  years.  We  cordially  wish  the  new  editor 
like  success.  

Dfotkes  to  €ant*y(m'tJtitfa* 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication  "  Duplicate." 

STEER-HOPE  ("  Nelson's  Signal ").— See  the  autho- 
rities quoted  at  8th  S.  xi.  405 ;  xii.  9. 

H.  CECIL  BULL. — "Kismet"  equals  fate.  For 
"  Facing  the  music  "  see  the  articles  in  8th  S.  ix.,  x. 

CORRIGENDA. — Ante,  p.  18,  col.  2, 1. 15,  for  "  voiz  " 
read  voix.  P.  65,  col.  1, 1.  7  from  foot,  for  "  Janes  " 
read  James. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "  The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'" — Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
lisher"—at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  E.G. 

We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
communications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do  not 
print ;  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


io»s.LJix.  so.  MM.]         NOTES  AMD  QUERIES. 

THE    ATHEN-ffiUM 

JOURNAL  OF  ENGLISH  AND  FOREIGN  LITERATURE,  SCIENCE, 
THE  FINE  ARTS,  MUSIC,  AND  THE  DRAMA. 


Last  Week's  ATHEN^IUM  contains  Articles  on 

A  QUEEN  of  TEARS.  CAMBRIDGE  and  its  STORY. 

NELSON  and  the  NEAPOLITAN  JACOBINS.  The  LIFE  of  NERO. 

A  SHORT  HISTORY  of  ANCIENT  PEOPLES.  ELIZABETHAN  LITERATURE. 

THEOLOGICAL  BOOKS. 

OUR  LIBRARY  TABLE :— The  Arguments  on  Either  Side  of  the  Fiscal  Question  ;  The  Fields  of  France  ; 
Sidelights  on  the  Court  of  France;  Labour  and  other  Questions  in  South  Africa  ;  Toryism  ;  New 
Translations  of  Dumas  ;  The  Juvenile  Work  of  the  Lambs ;  Poems  by  Ann  and  Jane  Taj  lor ;  A 
French  Book  on  Submarine  Vessels ;  Thackeray's  '  Critical  Papers  'j  The  Book  of  Garden  Furniture ; 
The  Sunday  School  Union ;  Burke  and  Lodge's  Peerage. 

LIST  of  NEW  BOOKS. 

UNPUBLISHED  LETTERS  from  DOROTHY  WORDSWORTH;  MILTONIC  ELISION;  The  ASSO- 
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ALSO- 
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SCIENCE:— Books  on  Birds;   Research  Notes;   Mr.  J.  C.  Budgett ;  Societies;   Meetings  Next  Week; 

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FINE  ARTS  :— The  New  Gallery;  S.  A.  Strong;  Gossip. 
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i.  FEB.  6, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


LONDON,  SATU1WAY,  FEBRUARYS,  190f>. 


CONTENTS.-No.  6. 

NOTES :— The  Ploughgang  and  other  Measures,  101— The 
First  Edition  of  Horace,  103  — Carpenter's  'Geography 
Delineated,'  101— Pig  and  Kill-pig— Bosham's  Inn,  Ald- 
wych,  105— C.  Bernard  Gibson— Relics  of  St.  Gregory  the 
Great,  108, 

QUERIES:  — J.  Turin,  French  Clockmaker  —  "  Twenty 
thousand  ruffians  "—John  Gordon  and  Zoffany — Hudders- 
field  History— Court  Posts  under  Stuart  Kings— Composer 
and  Origin  of  Air  — Dolores,  Musical  Composer— Son  of 
Napoleon  I— "Gimerro,"  107— Nicholas  Ferrar's  'Har- 
monies'— "The  eternal  feminine" — Wolfe— Children  on 
the  Stage— Buckingham  Hall,  Cambridge,  108— Mortimer 
— Christabella  Tyrrell— Kipples— Psalter  and  Latin  MS.— 
*  Recommended  to  Mercy  '—Carved  Stone— Col.  T.  Cooper 
—Torch  and  Taper,  109. 

REPLIES  :— Lamb,  Coleridge,  and  Mr.  May.  109-"  Chape- 
roned by  her  father" — Shakespeare's  "Virtue  of  neces- 
sity," 110  —  Emmet  and  De  Fontenay  Letters— Ipswich 
Apprantice  Books  — '  Memoirs  of  a  Stomach '  —  Werden 
Abbey—"  Clyse"— "  Papers  "—The  "  Ship  "  Hotel,  Green- 
wich, 111— John  Denmaa  —  Glowworm  or  Firefly — "  All 
roads  lead  to  Rome,"  112— Venison  in  Summer— Herbert 
Spencer  on  Billiards  —  Downing  Family  — Ash  :  Place- 
name,  113— Earliest  Playbill— Nightcaps  — Glass  Manu- 
facture—"  Prior  to  "=Before,  114— Frost  and  its  Forms- 
Capsicum— Euchre,  116. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS:— 'The  Works  of  Thomas  Nashe '— 
Ditchfield's  '  Memorials  of  Old  Oxfordshire '  — '  Kings' 
Letters '  —  ' The  British  Journal  of  Psychology '  — The 
'  Burlington '  and  other  Magazines  —  Booksellers'  Cata- 
logues. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


THE  PLOUGHGANG  AND  OTHER 

MEASURES. 

THE  typical  holding  of  English  land  in  the 
eleventh  and  twelfth  centuries  was  the  yard- 
land  or  virgate.  It  contained  thirty  acres, 
and  was  the  fourth  part  of  a  hide.  Now  the 
words  "  yardland  "  and  "  virgate  "  mean  pri- 
marily a  rood  or  quarter  of  an  acre.*  But 
why  should  a  holding  of  thirty  acres  have 
been  called  a  rood  1  The  answer  is  that  a 
rood  of  land  was  the  area  of  the  "  messuage  " 
which  belonged  to  a  holding  of  thirty  acres, 
and  was  the  measure  thereof.  When  men 
said  that  X  was  the  holder  of  a  "  yard "  or 
"  rood  "  of  land  they  usually  meant  that  he 
was  the  possessor  of  an  arable  holding  which 


*  This  was  proved  by  Prof.  Maitland  in  '  Domes- 
day Book  and  Beyond,'  pp.  384-5.  See  also  'Cus- 
tomals  of  Battle  Abbey'  (Camden  Soc.),  p.  124, 
where  we  have  "  viij  acras  et  diraidiam  et  una 
virgata,"  and  similar  entries.  MB.  NICHOLSON,  in 
an  excellent  article  on  '  Verge  and  Yard '  (9th  S.  vii. 
281),  says  it  is  "probable  that  vergde  [=virgate]  as 
a  quarter-acre  haying  acquired  the  sense  of  a  quar- 
ter, this  term  latinized  would  also  be  applied  to  the 
quarter  of  the  hide."  Mr.  Round  ('  Feudal  England,' 
1895,  p.  108)  has  also  suggested  that  virgata  may 
have  acquired  the  sense  of  "  quarter."  But  if  that 
were  so  the  latinized  oxgang  must  also  have  acquired 
the  sense  of  an  eighth,  and  the  latinized  ploughgang 
must  have  acquired  the  sense  of  a  half. 


was  measured  by  a  rood  of  "  messuage,"  the 
area  of  the  messuage  being  to  the  arable 
holding  as  1  to  120.  Of  course  a  man  might 
hold  an  actual  rood  and  no  more,  but  the 
context  of  surveys  usually  enables  us  to  dis- 
tinguish between  the  rood  which  was  the 
measure  of  a  larger  holding  and  the  rood 
which  was  an  actual  quarter  of  an  acre.  I 
have  taken  the  virgate  first  because  it  was 
the  typical  holding,  and  because  the  equiva- 
lent word  "  rood  "  can  be  more  easily  under- 
stood than  "  bovate"  or  "oxgang." 

I  have  already,  in  the  form  of  a  table,* 
summarized  my  theory  that  every  bovate  of 
fifteen  acres  was  measured  by  half  a  rood  of 
messuage ;  that  every  virgate  of  thirty  acres 
was  measured  by  a  rood  of  messuage ;  that 
every  half -hide,  or  carucate,t  was  measured 
by  two  roods  or  half  an  acre  of  messuage  : 
and  that  every  hide  or  casatej  of  a  hundred 
and  twenty  acres  was  measured  by  an  acre 
of  messuage.  If,  then,  virgate  means  pri- 
marily a  rood  of  land,  bovate  should  mean 
half  a  rood,  carucate  should  mean  two  roods, 
and  casate  should  mean  an  acre.  Let  us  take 
these  words  in  numerical  order,  and  inquire 
whether  this  supposition  is  well  founded. 

1.  Seeing  that  the  holder  of  a  virgate  was 
called  a  yardling,  and  the  holder  of  a  bovate 
a  half-yardling,§  it  is  probable  that  if  virgate 
originally  -  meant  rood,  bovate  meant  half- 
rood.  There  are  indications  that  it  did  so. 
The  English  term  for  the  late  Latin  bovata 
or  bovaga  was  oxgang,||  oxegan(g)dale,  or 
oskin.  and  this  quantity  of  land  was  loosely 
regarded  in  the  seventeenth  century  as  a 
holding  not  of  fifteen  acres,  but  as  a  piece  of 


*  9th  S.  vi.  304. 

t  Relying  on  well-known  authorities,  I  have 
hitherto  regarded  the  hide  and  the  carucate  as 
equivalent  terms.  The  fact  that  the  carucate  was 
really  only  half  a  hide  in  no  way  affects  my  tables. 
It  is  often  described  as  containing  sixty  acres. 

J  "Men  are  beginning  to  speak  of  manents, 
casates,  tributaries  '  of  land '  much  as  they  would 
speak  of  acres  or  perches  of  land"  (Maitland, 
ut  supra,  p.  359). 

§  "Isti  subscript!  dicuntur  half-erdlinges" 
('  Customals  of  Battle  Abbey,'  p.  77),  "  Yherd- 

linges customarii"  (ibid.,  p.  42).  The  yardling 

is  sometimes  called  virgariu-t  or  virgatarius.  Half- 
tofts,  as  well  as  tofts,  are  often  mentioned  in  old 
surveys:  "in  uno  tofto  et  dimidio"  (' Coucher 
Book  of  Selby,'  i.  322).  We  have  also  "  medietatem 
capitalis  mansi,"  half  a  capital  measure  (ibid.,  ii. 
274).  When  a  messuage,  or  a  toft,  had  not  been 
partitioned,  but  remained  in  its  original  condition, 
it  was  described  as  a  whole  messuage  or  toft,  and 
it  is  from  this  source  that  we  get  the  word  "all" 
which  usually  begins  the  "parcels"  of  modern 
deeds.  The  Latin  word  was  totum. 

|i  "  Bovata,  a  hoxgangyn  lond  "  ;  "  bovaga,  a 
noxgang"  (Wright-Wiilcker '  Vocab.'). 


102 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         po*  s.  L  FBB.  e,  100*: 


land  containing  half  an  acre,  or  as  much 
land  as  two  oxen  could  plough  in  a  day.*  It 
was  also  regarded  as  so  much  land  as  a  team 
of  oxen  could  plough  in  a  day.t  If  we  look 
at  the  word  oxgang  closely  we  shall  find  that 
gang  translates  the  Latin  actiis,  and  that  the 
oxgang  (ox-path)  was  the  path  which  a  pair 
of  oxen  traversed  as  they  walked  from  one 
end  of  a  piece  of  land  to  the  other.  It  is  a 
mistake  to  associate  the  oxgang  with  a  single 
ox,  for  the  ox  never  ploughed  singly,  and 
Hexham  in  his  'Nether-Dutch  Dictionary' 
was  right  in  associating  it  with  a  pair  of 
oxen,  but  wrong  in  associating  it  with  half 
an  acre.  He  ought  to  have  said  "half  a 
rood."  Sir  Henry  Spelman  (1562-1643) 
defines  the  oxgang  as  "so  much  land  as 

suffices  for  the  path  or  actus  of  an  ox But 

we  understand  it  to  refer  to  yoked  oxen."| 
These  authorities,  late  and  imperfect  as  their 
statements  are,  are  very  useful  in  showing  us 
that  the  bovate  or  oxgang  was  primarily  not 
a  piece  of  land  containing  fifteen  acres,  but 
a  small  fraction  of  that  quantity.  Hence  a 
strong  presumption  is  raised  that  originally 
it  was  half  a  rood. 

2.  The  carucate  was  originally  a  piece  of 
land  which  contained  two  roods,  being  the 
double  of  the  virgate.  Its  English  name 
was  ploughland,  plough  gang,  or  ploivlode 
(plough  journey),  and  it  was  also  known 
simply  as  "plough"  (A.-S.  pldg\  or  a 
"  plough  of  land.''§  It  appears  in  an 
'  Inquisitio '  from  which  a  portion  of  Domes- 
day Book  was  compiled  that  the  carucate 
was  originally  a  piece  of  land  containing  two 
roods.  In  at  least  four  places  we  read  in 
this  '  Inquisitio '  of  churches  which  held  so 

*  "  An  Oxgang  of  land,  Soo  veel  landts  ah  twee 
Ossen  aen't  jock  gebonden,  op  eenen  dagh  konnen 
ploegen,  ofte  een  bunder  landts."  "  Bunder  landts, 
half  an  acre  of  land,  so  much  as  two  oxen  can 
plough  in  a  day"  (Hexham's  Nether-Dutch  Dic- 
tionary,' 1675).  In  1275  we  have  "  pro  relevio  uniua 
bovate  duarum  acrarum"  ('  Wakefield  Court  Rolls,' 
i.  62). 

t  Note  in  Best's  '  Farming  Book,'  1641  (Surtees 
Soc.,  p.  128). 

£  ' Glossarium,'  1687,  p.  440.  Cf.  "Actus,  anes 
wsenes  gangweg.  Uia,  twegra  wsena  gangweg" 
(Wright- Wiilcker  '  Vocab.').  In  Lancashire  the 
oxgang  was  known  as  oxegan(g)dale,  i.e.  oxgang 
portion.  By  an  undated  charter  John  de  Croynton 
granted  to  Richard  de  Edesford  "  totam  meam 
oxegandale  in  Sydalith  cum  suis  pertinenciis,  et 
totam  terram  meam  ad  sepeni  piscium,  et  totam 
meam  oxegandale  in  Swayncroft  cum  suis  perti- 
nentiis,  et  totam  meam  oxegandale  in  le  Westwong 
cum  pertinentiis  suis."  The  rent  reserved  was  one 
obolus,  payable  at  Christmas  ('Coucher  Book  of 
Whalley,'  Chetham  Soc.,  p.  1128). 

§  "A  ploghe  of  land,  carucata"  ('Catholicon 
Anglicum '). 


many  acres,  and  a  carucate,  or  so  many  acres 
and  half  a  carucate.*  Here  the  carucate  is 
a  measure  which  contains  less  than  an  acre, 
and,  seeing  that  the  rood  is  described  in 
Domesday  Book  as  mrgata,^  the  carucate 
must  have  contained  two  roods.  The  author 
of  the  'Promptorium  Parvulorum,'  dated 
1440,  is  careful  to  show  us  the  two  meanings 
which  the  equivalent  word  ploughland  had 
in  his  time.  It  means,  he  says,  (a)  a  carucate, 
and  (b)  a  juger,  or  as  much  land  as  a  plough 
may  till  in  a  day.J  Instead  of  juger  he 
might  have  said  two  roods,  but  jugerum  was 
the  best  Latin  word  he  could  think  of. 
Obviously  the  lesser  ploughland  was  a  mea- 
sure of  the  greater. 

These  three  units  of  measurement,  the 
carucate,  the  virgate,  and  the  bovate,  exhaust 
the  plough  team.  The  caruca  was  the  plough, 
and  these  units  obtained  their  names  from 
the  space  or  breadth  which  groups  of  oxen, 
when  yoked  to  a  plough,  occupied  in  the 
field.  To  get  the  breadth  of  the  several 
strips  or  portions  of  the  acre  forming  the 
bovate,  virgate,  and  carucate  respectively, 
we  have  to  ascertain  the  space  in  which  a 
pair  of  oxen  can  stand  abreast.  Roughly,  it 
is  7£  or  8  feet.  Doubling  the  lesser  number, 
we  get  a  rod  of  fifteen  feet  as  the  length  of 
the  yoke  to  which  two  pairs  of  oxen,  stand- 
ing abreast,  could  be  attached.  This  rod§  or 
v irga  is  the  breadth  of  the  virgate  or  rood. 
Half  the  rod  is  the  "  gangway "  or  aclus  in 
which  a  pair  of  oxen,  standing  abreast,  could 
plough.  The  carucate  takes  its  name  from 
the  full  team  of  eight  oxen.||  If  the  eight 
oxen  ploughed  abreast  they  would,  taking  the 
rod  as  fifteen  feet  in  length,  occupy  a  breadth 
of  thirty  feet,  and  this  would  be  the  theo- 
retical breadth  of  the  carucate.  In  practice 
they  ploughed  four  abreast,  but  the  breadth 

*  "Ecclesia  de  Berkinges,  de  Ixxxiij  acris  libera> 
terras  et  j  carucata  et  lij  acris  prati."  "  Ecclesia, 
de  Dereham,  de  xxx  acris  liberse  [terra?]  et  j 
carucata."  "  Ecclesia  de  Torp,  de  xij  acris  libene 
terras  et  dimidia  carucata."  "  Ecclesia  de  Warinc- 
gesete,  de  xyj  acris  et  dimidia  carucata"  (Hamil- 
ton's 'Inquisitio  Comitatus  Cantabrig.,'  p.  256, 
index).  Domesday  Book  (ii.  284b)  has,  under 
Weringheseta,  "Ecclesia  xvj  acrarum  et  dimidise 
car[ucatse'." 

t  "  In  Staintone  habuit  Jalf  5  bovatas  terras  et 
14  acras  terras  et  unam  virgatam  ad  geldum" 
(Domesday  Book,  i.  364,  cited  by  Maitland,  ut 
supra,  p.  384). 

J  "Plowlond,  carrucata"  "Plowlond,  J>ataplow 
may  tylle  on  a  day,  juQerum." 

§  In  the  Wright- Wiilcker  'Vocab.,'  737,21,  we 
have  "  virgata,  a  rodlande." 

II  Mr.  Round  ('Feudal  England,'  p.  35)  has  proved 
by  a  comparison  between  the  '  Inquisitio '  and 
Domesday  Book  that  the  carucate  was  related  to- 
eight  oxen. 


i.  FEB.  6, 1904.]          NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


103 


of  the  carucate  rests  on  the  assumption  that 
they  ploughed  eight  abreast. 

S.  O.  ADDY. 
(To  be  continued.) 


THE  FIRST  EDITION  OF  HORACE. 
THE  first  edition  of  the  works  of  Horace 
has  neither  imprint  nor  date,  but  it  is  be- 
lieved to  have  been  printed  in  Venice;  an 
approximate  date  can,  however,  be  assigned 
to  it,  because  an  edition  of  the  l  De  Vita 
Solitaria'  of  St.  Basil,  printed  in  the  same 
type,  bears  the  date  1471.  The  types  may 
be  recognized  by  the  e  of  the  lower  case  ;  in 
this  letter  the  horizontal  stroke  is  extended 
considerably  beyond  the  loop.  There  are 
several  books  in  the  same  types,  viz.,  Basi- 
lius,  '  De  Vita  Solitaria,'  1471  ;  Donatus,  '  De 
Barbarismo ' ;  Plutarchus,  'Apophthegmata'; 
Florus,  '  Epitome';  a  Lucan ;  Lodovico  Bruni, 
'  La  Prima  Guerra  Punica ' ;  and  there  may 
be  others. 

The  printer  of  this  editio  princeps  had 
another  peculiarity  :  he  was  not  contented 
with  placing  the  word  "  Finis  "  at  the  end  of 
the  book  ;  he  also  puts  it  at  the  end  of  each 
part,  and  the  reason  is  supposed  to  be  that 
they  might  be  sold  separately  ;  but  be  this 
as  it  may,  the  binders,  having  no  signatures 
to  guide  them,  have  bound  the  four  parts  in 
all  kinds  of  different  ways.  This  printer 
makes  the  same  use  of  the  word  "  Finis  "  in 
the  edition  of  Plutarch's  'Apophthegmata.' 
In  the  Grenville  copy  in  the  British  Museum 
the  arrangement  of  the  four  parts,  each  of 
which  ends  with  the  word  "Finis,"  is  as 
follows : — 

Part  I.  fol.  la,  "Quinti  Oratii  Flacci 
Car  |  minum  Liber  Primus." 

Fol.  18b,  "  Quinti  Oracii Flacci  Car  |  minum 
Liber  Secundus." 

Fol.  30a,  "  Quinti  Oracii  Flacci  Car  |  minum 
Liber  Tertius." 

Fol.  50a,  "QuintiOfacii  Flacci  Ser  |  monum 
[misprint  for  Carminum]  Liber  Quartus." 
Fol.  61  b,  "Quinti  Oracii  Flacci  Epodos." 
Fol.   74a,   "Quinti  Oracii  Flacci  Carmen 
Seculare." 

Fol.  75b, "  finis  ";  then  four  lines  as  follows 
Hoc  quicunqwe  dedit  Venusini  carmen  Horatii : 
Et  studio  formis  correctum  effinxit  in  istis 
Viuat  &  seterno  sic  nomine  ssecula  uincat 
Omnia:  ceu  nunquam  numeris  abolebitur  auctor 

Part  II.  fol.  76a,  "Quinti  Oratii  Flacc 
Sermonum  |  Liber  Primus." 

Fol.  96a,  "  Quinti  Oracii  Flacci  Ser  |  monum 
Liber  Secundus." 

Fol.  117a,  "finis." 

Part  III.  fol.  118a,  "  Quinti  Oracii  Flacc 
Poetria  [s?'c]." 


Fol.  127a,"  finis." 

Part  IV.  fol.  128a,  "Quinti  Oratii  Flacci 

i  |  stolarum  Liber  Primus." 

Fol.  147b,  "  Quinti  Oratii  Flacci  Episto  | 
arum  Liber  Secundus." 

Fol.  157a,  "Finis." 

In  the  copy  in  the  King's  Library,  British 
Vluseum,  the  arrangement  is  in  this  manner  r 

Part  I.  fol.  la,  "  Quinti  Oratii  Flacci  Ser- 
monum |  Liber  Primus." 

Fol.21a,  "Quinti  Oracii  Flacci  Ser  |  mcnuo* 
T  iber  Secundus." 

Fol.  42a,  "finis." 

Part  II.    fol.  43a,    "Quinti  Oratii  Flacci 

pi  |  stolarum  Liber  Primus.1' 

Fol.  62b,  "  Quinti  Oratii  Flacci  Episto  | 
arum  Liber  Secundus." 

Fol.  72a,  "finis." 

Part  III.  fol.  73a,  "  Quinti  Oratii  Flacci 
Jar  |  minum  Liber  Primus.'5 

Fol.OOb,  "Quinti  Oracii  Flacci  Car  \  minum 
Liber  Secundus." 

Fol.   102a,    "Quinti   Oracii    Flacci    Car  | 
minum  Liber  Tertius." 

Fol.   122a,    "Quinti    Oracii    Flacci    Ser  | 
monum  [for  Carminum]  Liber  Quartus." 

Fol.  133b,  "Quinti  Oracii  Flacci  Epodos." 

Part  IV.  fol.  142,  151,  first  and  last  leaves- 
of  the  '  Ars  Poetica,'  wanting. 

Fol.  156a,  "Quinti  Oracii  Flacci  |  Carmen 
Seculare.!' 

Fol.  157b,"  Finis." 

Signor  Pasquale  Castorina,  in  a  pamphlet 
entitled  'Intornoad  una  Prima  Edizione  di 
Q.  Orazio  Flacco  Cenni  Bibliografici,'  pub- 
lished at  Catania  in  1887,  describes  a  copy  in 
the  Biblioteca  Universitaria  di  Catania,  in 
which  the  four  parts  are  arranged  thus  : 
Parti.,  'Epistohe';  Part  II.,  'Ars  Poetica';. 
Part  III., 'Sermones';  Part  IV.,  '  Carmina, 
'  Epodes,' '  Carmen,'  '  Carmen  Sseculare.'  This 
edition  is  supposed  to  have  been  printed  at 
Venice,  because  some  copies  contain  a  border 
which  is  found  nowhere  else,  Vindelinus  de- 
Spira  being  one  of  the  printers  who  used  it. 
The  watermarks,  the  cardinal's  hat,  pair  of 
shears,  and  the  column  (the  arms  of  the 
Colonna  family),  occur  also  in  St.  Augustine's 
'  De  Civitate  Dei,'  printed  by  Joannes  and 
Vindelinus  de  Spira  in  1470. 

This  edition  is  interesting  from  a  literary 
as  well  as  from  a  typographical  point  of  view. 
In  the  Epistles,  bk.  ii.  ep.  ii.  1.  140,  there  is 
an  extraordinary  reading  :  the  words  per  vim, 
mentis  read  "pretium  mentis."  I  give  the- 
complete  sentence : — 

"Pol  nie  occidistis,  amici, 
Non  servastis,"  ait,  "cui  sic  extorta  voluptas, 
Et  demptus  per  vim  mentis  gratissimus  error." 

The  first  edition  reads  : — 


104 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io*  s.  L  FEB.  6,  low. 


"  Pol  me  occidistis,  aniici, 
Non  servastis,"  ait,  "  cui  sic  extprta  voluptas, 
Et  demptus  pretium  mentis  gratissimus  error." 
This  edition  is  also  remarkable  as  contain- 
ing the  eight  spurious  lines  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  tenth  satire  of  the  first  book  ; 
they  are  said  not  to  appear  again  till  1691, 
•when  they  occur  in  the  edition  printed  at 
Paris,  "in  usum   Delphini,"  with   notes,  by 
L.  Desprez.     They  read  thus  : — 
(L)Vcili  quam  sis  mendosus  teste  Catone 
Defensore  tuo  peruicam  qui  male  factos 
Emendare  parat  uersus  hoc  lenius  ille 
Est  quo  uir  melior  ;  longe  subtilior  illo 
Gui  multum  puer  &  loris  et  funibus  udis 
Exhortatus  ut  esset  opem  quis  ferre  poetis 
Antiquis  posset  contra  fastidia  nostra 
<jramaticorum  equitu  doctissimus  [ut]  redeam  illuc. 

S.  J.  ALDRICH. 
New  Southgate. 


NATHANAEL  CARPENTER'S  'GEOGRAPHY 
DELINEATED,'  1625. 

(See  ante,  p.  22.) 

CARPENTER  informs  us  he  was  born  in 
Devonshire.  His  pride  in  his  native  county 
was  not  only  pardonable,  but  justifiable. 
When  he  recalls  her  worthies  he  rises  to  a 
degree  of  enthusiastic  and  dignified  eloquence 
quite  inspiring.  The  following  is  well  worthy 
of  being  remembered  (book  ii.  p.  261) : — 

"Neither  can  it  be  stiled  our  reproach,  but  glory, 
to  draw  our  off-spring  from  such  an  Aire  which 
produceth  wits  as  eminent  as  the  Mountaines, 
approaching  farre  nearer  to  Heauen  in  Excellency, 
then  the  other  in  hight  transcend  the  Valleyes. 
Wherein  can  any  Province  of  Great  Brittaine 
challenge  precedency  before  vs  ?  Should  any  deny 
vs  the  reputation  of  Arts  and  Learning ;  the 
pious  Ghosts  of  lewell,  Raynolds,  and  Hooker, 
would  rise  vp  in  opposition;  whom  the  World 
knowes  so  valiantly  to  haue  displayed  their  Banners 
in  defence  of  our  Church  and  Religion.  Should 
they  exclude  vs  from  the  reputation  of  knowledge 
in  State  and  politick  affaires?  who  hath  not 
acquainted  himselfe  with  the  name  of  Sr  William 
Petre  our  famous  Benefactor,  whose  desert  chose 
him  chief  Secretarie  to  three  Princes  of  famous 
inemprie?  Who  hath  not  known  or  read  of  that 
prodigie  of  wit  and  fortune  Sr  Walter  Rawleigh,  a 
man  vnfortunate  in  nothing  els  but  the  greatnes  of 
his  wit  &  advancement?  whose  eminent  worth 
was  such,  both  in  Domestick  Policie,  Forreigne 
Expeditions,  and  Discoveries,  Arts  and  Literature, 
both  Pratick  and  Contemplatiue,  which  might 
seeme  at  once  to  conquere  both  Example  and 
Imitation.  For  valour  and  chivalrous  Designes  by 
Sea,  who  reades  not  without  admiration  of  the 
Acts  of  Sr  Francis  Drake,  who  thought  the  circuit 
of  this  Earthly  Globe  too  litle  for  his  generous  and 
magnanimous  Ambition?  Of  Sr  Richard  Grenvill, 
who  vndertaking  with  so  great  a  disadvantage,  so 
strong  an  Enemy ;  yet  with  an  vndaunted  Spirit 
made  his  Honour  legible  in  the  wounds  of  the 
proud  Spaniard  :  and  at  last  triumphed  more  in  his 
owne  honourable  Death,  then  the  other  in  his  base 


conquest?  Of  Sr  Humfrey  Gilbert,  Sr  Richard 
Hawkins,  Davies,  Frobisher,  and  Capt.  Parker, 
with  many  others  of  worth,  note  &  estimation, 
whose  names  liue  with  the  Ocean  ?  " 

Then  there  is  another  type  of  character  not 
less  worthy  of  honourable  remembrance.  I 
may  mention  that  Hakewill  in  his  '  Apologie,' 
1635,  refers  to  Sir  Thomas  Bodley  as  "my 
honoured  Kinsman"  (book  ii.  p.  262) : — 

"  Should  I  speake  of  Generous  Magnificence  and 
Favour  of  Learning,  shewed  by  Heroicall  Spirits  in 
the  general  Munificence  extended  to  our  whole 
Vniversity  ;  what  Age  or  Place  can  giue  a  Parallel 
to  renowned  Bodley,  whose  name  carries  more  per- 
swasion  then  the  tongue  of  the  wisest  Oratour? 
His  magnificent  Bounty,  which  shewed  it  selfe  so 
extraordinarily  transcendent,  aswell  in  erection  of 
his  Famous  Library,  which  he  (as  another  Ptolomy) 
so  richly  furnisht,  as  other  munificent  Largesses, 
exhibited  to  our  English  Athens,  was  yet  farther 
crowned  by  his  wise  choice,  as  proceeding  from  one, 
who  being  both  a  great  Scholler,  and  a  prudent 
Statist,  knew  as  well  how  to  direct  as  bestow  his 
liberality." 

The  next  extract  includes  the  name  of  Dr. 
George  Hakewill.  Here  we  have  contem- 
porary testimony  to  the  personal  worth  of 
the  man.  The  "  Pious  Monument "  referred 
to  by  Carpenter  was,  no  doubt,  the  chapel 
which  Hakewill  built  and  gave  to  Exeter 
College.  His  '  Apologie '  was  first  published 
in  1627 ;  but  as  I  have  already  expressed  my 
opinion  of  it  in  these  pages,  I  shall  say  nothing 
further  on  that  point.  I  may,  however,  take 
this  opportunity  of  recording  a  curious  ex- 
pression used  by  Hakewill,  which  I  should 
not  have  expected  him  to  employ,  and 
which,  I  believe,  was  a  colloquialism  cir- 
culating more  among  the  common  people. 
Speaking  in  his  '  Apologie '  of  the  testimony 
in  favour  of  John  Fust  as  the  inventor  of 
printing,  Hakewill  goes  on  to  say  that  the 
author  cited  "in  truth  shewes  good  cards  for 
it"  (p.  317),  in  plain  English,  that  he  assigns 
good  reasons  for  what  he  states.  I  remem- 
ber only  one  other  example  of  the  phrase, 
and  that  in  the  fine  old  comedy  of  '  Nobody 
and  Somebody,'  1606,  where  one  of  the 
characters,  a  clownish  fellow,  employs  it  in 
the  same  sense  as  Hakewill  does  :  "My 
M[aster]  hath  good  cards  on  his  side,  He 
warrant  him  "  (sig.  H  4  verso).  Here  is  the 
passage  from  Carpenter  (book  ii.  p.  262) : — 

'  If  Founders  and  Benefactours  of  priuate  Col- 
leges may  find  place  in  this  Catalogue  of  Worthies, 
the  sweet  hiue  and  receptacle  of  our  Westerne 
wits  can  produce  in  honour  of  our  Country  a  famous 
Stapledon  Bishop  of  Excester,  and  worthy  Founder 
of  Exon  Colledge :  whose  large  bounty  was  after  ward 
seconded  (next  to  Edm.  Stafford  Bishop  of  Sarum, 
a  Westerne  Man)  by  the  pious  charge  and  liberality 
of  Mr.  lohn  Peryam,  Sr  lohn  Acland,  &  very 
lately  by  Mr.  Dr.  Hakewill,  whose  worthy  En- 
comium, I  (though  vnwillingly)  leaue  out,  lest  1 


i.  FEB.  6, 190*.]  i         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


105 


should  seeme  rather  to  flatter  then  commend  his 
Worth.  But  what  needes  he  my  poore  mention  ? 
His  learned  works  published  to  the  World,  &  his 
Pious  Monument  bestowed  on  our  House,  speake  in 
silence  more  then  I  can  vtter  out  of  the  highest 
pitch  of  Invention." 

Nor  does  our  author  forget  to  include  in 
his  list  of  Devonshire  worthies  the  name  of 
William  Browne,  author  of  '  Britannia's 
Pastorals,'  the  first  part  of  which  belongs  to 
1613.  Carpenter  was  evidently  a  personal 
friend  of  his  (book  ii.  p.  264) : — 

" the  blazoning  of  whom  to  the  life,  especially 

the  last  [Poets],  I  had  rather  leaue  to  my  worthy 
friend  Mr.  W.  Browne ;  who  as  he  hath  already 
honoured  his  countrie  in  his  elegant  and  sweete 
'Pastoralls,'  so  questionles  will  easily  bee  intreated 
a  litle  farther  to  grace  it,  by  drawing  out  the  line 
of  his  Poeticke  Auncesters,  beginning  in  losephus 
Iscanus,  and  ending  in  himselfe." 

Our  author  falls  very  flat  indeed  when  he 
passes  from  prose  to  verse.    In  a  metrical 
effort  of  some  104  lines,  "  My  Mother  Oxford  " 
is  supposed  to  be  the  speaker,  reproaching 
him  for  being  so  devoted  to  the  interests  of 
his  native  county,  and  anything  more  wooden 
or  colourless  could  scarcely  be  imagined.    He 
concludes  the  piece  thus  (book  ii.  p.  269) : — 
Or  if  thy  nature  with  constraint,  descends 
Below  her  owne  delight,  to  practick  endes  ; 
Rise  with  my  morning  Phoebus,  slight  the  West, 
Till  furrowed  Age  inuite  thee  to  thy  rest. 
And  then  perchance,  thy  Earth  which  seldome  gaue 
Thee  Aire  to  breath,  will  lend  thy  Corps  a  graue. 
Soone  the  last  trumpet  will  be  heard  to  sound, 
And  of  thy  load  Ease  the  Deuonian  ground. 
Meane  time  if  any  gentle  swaine  come  by, 
To  view  the  marble  where  thy  ashes  ly, 
He  may  vpon  that  stone  in  fewer  yeares, 
Engraue  an  Epitaph  with  fretting  teares, 
Then  make  mens  frozen  hearts  with  all  his  cries 
Drink  in  a  drop  from  his  distilling  eyes : 
Yet  will  I  promise  thy  neglected  bones 
A  firmer  monument  then  speachles  stones, 
And  when  I  pine  with  age,  and  wits  with  rust, 
Seraphick  Angells  shall  preserue  thy  dust, 
And  all  good  men  acknowledge  shall  with  me 
Thou  lou'st  thy  Country,  when  shee  hateth  thee. 

To  this  fanciful  complaint  of  his  Alma 
Mater  Carpenter  replies  in  the  same  form, 
and  the  116  lines  he  devotes  to  his  address 
are  almost  worse  than  those  which  have 
gone  before. 

On  the  famous  line  in  Hamlet's  soliloquy 
(there  are  analogous  expressions  in  '  Richard 
III.')- 

Thus  conscience  does  make  cowards  of  us  all — 
a  curious  comment  may  be  found  in  this 
work  of  Carpenter's  (book  ii.  p.  284)  : — 

"Whence  grew  the  vsuall  Proverbe  amongst 
profane  Ruffians ;  that  conscience  makes  cou:ards. 
But  this  (as  I  said)  is  meerely  accidentall :  For 
asmuch  as  nothing  spurres  out  a  true  resolution 
more  then  a  good  conscience,  and  a  true  touch  of 
religion  :  witnesse  the  holy  Martyrs  of  the  Church 


of  all  ages,  whose  valour  and  constancie  hath  out- 
gone all  heathen  presidents." 

I  should  note  that  the  italics  are  Car- 
penter's own.  Whether  he  had  Hamlet's 
line  in  view  when  he  wrote  the  above  can 
only  be  a  matter  of  conjecture.  I  give  the 
extract  for  what  it  is  worth. 

Since  the  foregoing  was  written  a  perfect 
copy  of  the  edition  of  1625  has  come  into  my 
hands.  I  find  on  collation  that  the  poem  '  To 
my  Booke '  is  common  to  both  the  first  and 
second  editions.  A.  S. 


PIG  AND  KILL-PIG  :  THE  AMERICAN  COLONIES 
AND  ENGLAND.  —  If  the  following  verses, 
written  in  a  contemporary  hand  on  a  sheet 
of  foolscap,  which  I  have  found  among  some 
old  papers  in  my  possession,  have  not  been 
published,  they  may  be  thought  worthy,  in 
spite  of  their  crudity,  of  preservation  in  your 
columns : — 

"  When  on  a  trestle  pig  was  laid, 
And  a  sad  squealing  sure  it  made ; 
Kill-pig  stood  by,  with  knife  and  steel : 
'  Die  quiet,  can't  you  ?   Why  d"  you  squeal  ? 
Have  I  not  fed  you  with  my  pease, 
And  now  for  trifles  such  as  these 
Will  you  rebel?    Brimful  of  victual, 
Won't  you  be  cut  and  kill'd  a  little  ? ' 

To  whom  thus  piggy  in  reply  :— 
'  How  can  you  think  I'll  quiet  lie, 
And  that  for  pease  my  life  I  '11  barter  ? ' 
'  Then,  piggy,  you  must  shew  your  charter, 
How  you  're  exempted  more  than  others, 
Else  go  to  pot,  like  all  your  brothers.' 
"  Pig  struggles. 

'  Help,  neighbours,  help  !   This  pig  's  so  strong 
I  find  I  cannot  hold  him  long. 
Help,  neighbours  !  I  can't  keep  him  under. 
Where  are  ye  all  ?    See,  by  your  blunder 
He 's  gone  and  broke  the  cords  asunder.' 
"  Exit  pig,  and  Kill-pig  after  him  with  a  knife." 
Endorsed  :    "Verses  on  the   Situation  of 
England  and  America  in  the  year  1779,  in 
which  England  is  describ'd  by  Kill-pig,  and 
America  by  Pig."  J.  ELIOT  HODGKIN. 

BOSHAM'S  INN,  ALDWYCH.  —  The  ancient 
name  of  Aldwych  having  been  judiciously 
revived  by  the  London  County  Council  as 
the  official  designation  of  the  crescent  which 
finishes  off  the  southern  end  of  the  new- 
thoroughfare  connecting  Holborn  and  the 
Strand,  it  becomes  of  interest  to  trace  the 
early  history  of  the  locality.  In  the  days  of 
King  Richard  II.  one  of  the  principal  inhabi- 
tants of  the  district  was  John  Bosham, 
citizen  and  mercer,  who  in  1378  served  as 
one  of  the  Sheriffs  of  the  City  of  London.  In 
5  Richard  II.  (1381)  John  Walssh,  of  London, 
goldsmith,  and  Margaret  his  wife,  conveyed 
on  two  separate  occasions  to  John  Bosham,  of 


106 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io*  s.  i.  FEB.  e,  MO*. 


London,  mercer,  and  Felicia  his  wife,  premises 
in  "  Kentissheton,"  and  in  the  parish  of 
St.  Clement  Danes,  without  the  Bar  of  the 
New  Temple,  and  St.  Giles  of  the  Lepers, 
without  the  Bar  of  the  Old  Temple.  In  the 
following  year  John  Spirstoke  and  Margaret 
his  wife  conveyed  to  John  Bosham  and  his 
wife  premises  in  the  same  parishes  ('  Calendar 
of  Feet  of  Fines  for  London  and  Middlesex,' 
•ed.  Hardy  and  Page,  i.  157).  On  these  broad 
lands  Johu  Bosham  built  himself  a  lordly 
residence,  which  was  known  as  Bosham's  Inn, 
and  was  probably  situated  on  or  near  the 
spot  on  which  Drury  House  was  afterwards 
built.  He  died  in  1393,  his  wife  Felicia 
having  predeceased  him.  By  his  will,  which 
•was  dated  London,  8  October,  1393,  and 
proved  25  March  following,  he  directed  his 
rents  and  tenements  in  the  parishes  of 
St.  Michael  "de  Bassyngeshaugh "  and 
St.  Pancras,  and  in  "  Sevenhodlane "  in  the 
parish  of  St.  Laurence  in  Old  Jewry,  to  be 
sold  by  his  _  executors,  and  the  proceeds 
devoted  to  pious  and  charitable  uses  for  the 
good  of  his  soul,  the  soul  of  Felicia  his  late 
wife,  and  others  ('  Calendar  of  Wills,  Court 
of  Husting,  London,'  ed.  Sharpe,  i.  308).  The 
records  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral  give  some 
further  information  with  regard  to  this 
property. 

In  3  Hen.  IV.  (1401)  there  was  recorded 
an  acquittance  from  William  Causton  and 
John  Purchas,  vicars  of  St.  Paul's,  and 
guardians  of  the  light  of  the  chapel  of 
St.  Mary  in  the  New  Work  in  that  church, 
to  the  executors  of  the  will  of  John  Bosham, 
citizen  and  mercer  of  London,  for  one  year's 
rent  for  a  new  garden  by  the  great  inn  of 
the  said  John  Bosham  in  Aldewich  without 
the  Bar  of  the  Old  Temple,  in  the  street  that 
leads  to  the  Hospital  of  St.  Giles  (Hist. 
MSS.  Com.  App.  Ninth  Report,  p.  52a).  Three 
years  later  another  acquittance  of  the  Dean 
and  Chapter  of  St.  Paul's  is  recorded,  for 
rent  issuing  from  a  new  garden  lately  belong- 
ing to  John  Bosham,  adjoining  his  great  inn 
"in  Aldewych  extra  la  Temple  Barre,"  on 
•which  three  houses  formerly  stood  (ibid., 
p.  7a).  The  name  of  the  place  did  not  die 
•with  its  owner.  Mr.  H.  R.  Plomer,  in  a  paper 
entitled^  '_Some  Notes  about  the  Cantlowe 
Family '  in  the  Home  Counties  Magazine  for 
January,  1904,  p.  43,  cites  a  deed  in  the 
Public  Record  Office  (Ancient  Deeds,  C.  3154), 
by  which  in  20  Henry  IV.  (1441)  Sir  Robert 
Hungerford  and  others  demised  to  Sir  William 
Estefeld,  Henry  Frowyk,  William  Melreth, 
John  Olney,  and  William  Cantelowe,  all  of 
them  mercers,  their  meadow  adjoining  their 
messuage  called  "Bosammesynne"  on  the 


west,  and  their  land  called  "  Clementesynne 
mede"  on  the  north;  reserving  a  sufficient 
footpath  for  their  servants  to  go  by  the  said 
meadow  from  the  gate  of  the  said  messuage 
towards  London.  It  is  possible  the  records 
of  the  Mercers'  Company  might  throw  some 
further  light  upon  this  property  and  its  later 
owners.  W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

CHARLES  BERNARD  GIBSON.  —  On  looking 
in  the  '  Dictionary  of  National  Biography '  I 
was  surprised  not  to  find  the  name  of  the 
Rev.  Charles  Bernard  Gibson.  The  following 
is  some  account  of  him.  He  was  minister  at 
Mallow,  co.  Cork,  under  the  Irish  Evangelical 
Society,  1834-56 ;  chaplain  to  Presbyterian 
convicts  of  Spike  Island,  Cork  Harbour ; 
lecturer  of  St.  John's,  Hoxton ;  chaplain  to 
Shoreditch  Workhouse  ;  and  author  of  the 
following  publications : — 

The  Last  Earl  of  Desmond.    1854.    2  vols. 

Life  among  Convicts.     1863. 

Historical  Portraits  of  Irish  Chieftains  and  Anglo- 
Norman  Knights.  1871. 

Philosophy,  Science,  and  Revelation.     1874. 

Beyond  the  Orange  River.     1884. 

Dearforgil,  an  Historical  Novel. 

History  of  the  County  and  City  of  Cork.  1863. 
2  vols. 

The  last  is  sufficient  to  perpetuate  his  fame 
and  to  establish  his  worth.  He  died  12  August, 
1885,  aged  seventy  seven,  in  London. 

The  above  facts  are  to  be  found  in  the 
Journal  of  the  Cork  Historical  and  Archaeo- 
logical Society  of  July  to  September,  1903. 

W.  DEVEREUX. 

RELICS  OF  ST.  GREGORY  THE  GREAT. — As 
the  thirteen-hundredth  anniversary  of  this 
great  apostle  of  the  English  is  rapidly  ap- 
proaching, a  note  on  this  subject  will  not  be 
deemed  out  of  place. 

MR.  WARD,  under  the  heading  "  The  Consul 
of  God  "  (ante,  p.  32),  says  :  "  In  729  Gregory, 
who  had  been  buried  in  the  atrium  of 
St.  Peter's,  was  translated  within  the  church." 
By  the  "atrium,"  in  this  connexion,  is  meant, 
I  suppose,  the  portico,  i.e.,  that  portion  of 
the  arcade  running  round  the  atrium  which 
immediately  adjoined  the  church.  This 
portico  was  a  favourite  burying-place  of  the 
Popes  from  the  time  of  St.  Leo  the  Great. 
Is  MR.  WARD  right  as  to  the  date  1  Neither 
Hare  ('  Walks  in  Rome,'  ii.  187)  nor  Fr.  Barnes 
('  St.  Peter  in  Rome,'  second  edition,  p.  267) 
knows  of  any  translation  before  that  effected 
by  Gregory  IV.  about  840.  Hare  says  that 
the  remains  of  the  saint  were  then  removed 
"  to  a  magnificent  tomb  in  the  church,  with 
panels  of  silver  and  golden  mosaics  ";  but  as 
a  matter  of  fact,  as  Fr.  Barnes  says,  the 
translation  was  to  a  position  under  the  high 


10th  S.  I.  FEB.  6,  1904.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


107 


altar  of  the  neighbouring  basilica  of  St.  An- 
drew, built  by  St.  Syminachus  in  498,  which 
basilica  afterwards  became  known  as  St.  Gre- 
gory's. There  the  relics  remained  till  Pius  II. 
(Pope  1458-64)  transferred  them  to  the  altar 
of  St.  Andrew  at  the  eastern  end  of  the 
northernmost  aisle  of  St.  Peter's.  This  altar 
remained  till  the  reign  of  Paul  V.  (1604-21), 
when  it  was  destroyed,  and  the  relics  were 
removed  to  the  Capella  Clementina,  lately 
completed,  where  they  now  rest  under  the 
altar  on  the  right.  Mrs.  Oliphant  ('Makers 
of  Modern  Rome,'  second  edition,  p.  180) 
ignores  all  these  translations. 

JOHN  B.  WAINE WEIGHT. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

J.  TURIN,  FRENCH  CLOCKMAKER. — Will  any 
reader  kindly  tell  me  when  a  French  clock- 
•maker  named  J.  Turin  lived,  and  whether 
the  firm  still  exists  ? 

EVELYN  WELLINGTON. 

Wonston,  Micheldever. 

"TWENTY  THOUSAND  RUFFIANS."  —  What 
historian  was  it  who  described  the  Normans 
.who  came  over  with  the  Conqueror  as 
"twenty  (?)  thousand  ruffians"?  Was  it 
Freeman,  and  was  it  "  twenty  "  ?  I  should 
be  grateful  if  any  one  would  give  me  the 
actual  words  or  a  reference  to  where  I  can 
find  them.  R.  A.  H. 

JOHN  GORDON  AND  ZOFFANY.  —  In  Cham- 
bers's  '  History  of  Norfolk '  it  is  stated  that 
the  Rev.  William  Gordon  possessed  several 

Eictures  collected  by  John  Gordon,  who 
gured  in  Zoffany's  picture  of  the  Gallery  of 
Florence.  Mr.  Gordon,  however,  does  not 
figure  in  the  key-plate  of  the  picture  as 
exhibited  in  the  British  Institution  of  1814. 
Who  was  John  Gordon  ?  J.  M.  BULLOCH. 

HUDDERSFIELD  HISTORY.—  I  am  engaged  in 
compiling  a  family  history,  but  have  met 
with  an  obstacle  which  stops  further  pro- 
gress. About  17G8  two  persons  were  married 
in  Huddersfield  parish  church.  At  their 
death  they  were  interred  in  Buxton  Road 
Old  Methodist  Chapelyard,  Huddersfield. 
This  chapel  was  taken  down  about  1837,  the 
gravestones  were  destroyed,  and,  to  make 
matters  still  worse,  the  registers  are  missing, 
not  being  in  the  possession  of  the  chapel 
authorities  or  at  Somerset  House.  I  desire 


to  ascertain  the  date  of  the  death  of  these 
two  persons  and  their  age.  Is  there  any 
means  that  can  be  taken  to  accomplish  this  ? 

C.  X.  V. 

COURT  POSTS  UNDER  STUART  KINGS.— Can 
any  reader  inform  me  what  were  the  duties 
of  persons  holding  the  following  posts  ;  also 
in  what  rank  of  life  the  holders  would  be  ? — 
Marshal  of  the  Hall  to  James  I.  Yeoman  of 
the  Privy  Chamber  to  James  I.  Yeoman  de 
le  lesh  to  James  I.  Page  and  Yeoman  of  the 
Bedchamber  to  Charles  I.  Is  there  any 
equivalent  to  these  posts  in  the  Court  to-day  ? 

SUSSEX. 

COMPOSER  AND  ORIGIN  OF  AIR. — I  am 
desirous  of  ascertaining  the  name,  composer, 
and  origin  of  an  air,  the  first  portion  of  which 
is  as  follows  : — 

[jfcN4j^iJ-    pif'j-ffi  r    p^^ 


W.  MOORE. 

DOLORES,  MUSICAL  COMPOSER. — I  should 
like  to  know  whether  the  musical  composer 
who  wrote  under  the  name  of  " Dolores"  was 
her  late  Majesty  Queen  Victoria. 

W.  MOORE. 

SON  OF  NAPOLEON  I.  —  Had  Napoleon  an 
illegitimate  son  at  St.  Helena  ?  The  Times 
of  27  May,  1886,  quoting  the  San  Francisco 
World,  tells  an  extraordinary  story  about  the 
death  in  San  Francisco,  in  the  previous  April, 
of  a  person  calling  himself  "Gordon  Bona- 
parte," who  was  alleged  to  be  the  natural  son 
of  Napoleon  by  an  English  housekeeper  who 
had  been  sent  out  to  St.  Helena.  She  after- 
wards returned  to  London,  and  married  a 
watchmaker  named  Gordon,  who  adopted 
the  child.  What  truth  is  there  in  this  story  ? 
A  Theodore  Gordon,  a  watchmaker,  who 
edited  the  Horological  Magazine,  and  was 
associated  with  Vulliamy,  had,  I  believe,  a 
natural  son.  I  wonder  if  this  is  the  watch- 
maker referred  to.  Gordon  Bonaparte  is 
said  to  have  had  a  remarkable  likeness  to  his 
putative  father.  J.  M.  B 

"GiMERRO." — What  animal  is  indicated  in 
the  following  extract  from  Joseph  Baretti's 
'Account  of  the  Manners  and  Customs  of 


108 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         cio»  s.  i.  FEB.  6, 1904. 


Italy,'  1768  ?  Baretti  seems  to  have  been  a 
truthful  person.  He  no  doubt  believed  what 
he  told  his  readers  : — 

"  It  will  not  be  improper  to  say  something  of  the 
gimerroi,  as  I  find  that  no  travel-writer,  of  the 
many  I  have  read,  has  ever  mentioned  them,  and 
that  they  are  but  little  known  even  to  those  of  my 
English  friends  who  delight  in  various  and  exten- 
sive reading.  A  gimerro  is  an  animal  born  of  a 
horse  and  a  cow  ;  or  of  a  bull  and  a  mare  ;  or  of  an 
ass  and  a  cow.  The  two  first  sorts  are  generally  as 
large  as  the  largest  mules,  and  the  third  somewhat 

smaller Of    the    two    first   sorts   I   have   seen 

hundreds,  especially  at  Demont,  a  fortress  in  the 
Alps  (about  ten  miles  above  the  town  of  Cuneo) 
that  was  much  talked  of  during  the  last  war 
between  the  French  and  the  Piedmontese.  There 
many  of  these  gimerros  were  used,  chiefly  in 
carrying  stones  and  sand  up  to  the  fortress  that 
was  then  a-building  on  a  high  rocky  hill.  Of  the 
third  species  I  rode  upon  one  from  Savona  to 
Acqui  so  late  as  the  year  1765."— Vol.  ii.  p.  282. 

K.  P.  D.  E. 

NICHOLAS  FERRAR:  HIS  'HARMONIES.'— 
Capt.  Acland-Trpyte  read,  on  26  January, 
1888,  to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  a  most 
interesting  paper  on  these  '  Harmonies,'  and 
at  its  close  expressed  a  hope  that  the  result 
of  his  paper  would  be  the  discovery  of  the 
original  MS.  of  the  first '  Harmony,'  prepared 
by  the  community  at  Little  Gidding  for  their 
own  use  in  1630.  Was  his  wish  fulfilled  ?  If 
so,  where  is  the  volume  now  1  As  the  paper 
was  written  nearly  twenty  years  ago,  some 
of  the  '  Harmonies '  then  in  private  hands 
may  now  have  passed  into  public  collections. 

Where  are  the  '  Harmonies '  then  owned 
by  Capt.  Acland-Troy  te ;  Miss  Heming,  of 
Hillingdon  Hill,  Uxbridge ;  Lord  Arthur 
Hervey,  formerly  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells  ; 
Capt.  Gaussen,  of  Brookman's  Park,  Hatfield  1 

I  assume  those  then  belonging  to  Lords 
Salisbury  and  Norman  ton  are  still  at  Hatfield 
and  Somerley  respectively.  If  not,  where 
are  they  1  Have  the  '  Harmonies '  made  for 
George  Herbert,  Lord  Wharton,  and  Dr. 
Jackson  been  discovered  ? 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 

Lancaster. 

"THE  ETERNAL  FEMININE."  —  When  did 
this  phrase  become  current  among  English 
writers'?  Dr.  Murray  does  not  quote  it 
under  "eternal,"  but  under  "feminine"  he 
gives  a  reference  to  the  Pall  Mall  Gazette  of 
16  June,  1892.  I  fancy  it  was  in  vogue  before 
that  date.  It  is,  of  course,  borrowed  from 
the  French,  but  whether  it  was  invented  or 
not  by  Theophile  Gautier  I  cannot  say. 
That  writer  makes  use  of  it  in  the  masterly 
essay  on  Baudelaire  which  was  prefixed  to 
the  definitive  edition  of  '  Les  Fleurs  du  Mai,' 
1868,  p.  35.  He  italicizes  the  phrase  : — 


"  Diverses  figures  de  femme  paraissent  au  fond 
des  poesies  de  Baudelaire,  les  unes  voilees,  lea 
autres  demi-nues,  mais  sans  qu'on  puisse  leur 
attribuer  un  nom.  Ce  sont  plutot  des  types  qua 
des  person  nes.  El  les  representent  Veternel feminint 
et  lamour  que  le  poe'te  exprime  pour  elles  est 
I'amour  et  non  pas  un  amour,  car  nous  avons  vu 
que  dans  sa  the"orie  il  n'admettait  pas  la  passion 
individuelle,  la  trouvant  trop  crue,  trop  familiere, 
et  trop  violente." 

Perhaps  some  correspondent  may  be  able 
to  say  if  Gautier  was  the  author  of  the 
phrase.  W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

[Surely  the  origin  of  the  phrase  is  found  in  the 
last  words  of  '  Faust,'  Part  II. ;  an  invocation  to 
the  Virgin  Mary : — 

Das  Ewig-  Weibliche 

Zieht  uns  hinan. 

It  may  well  have  been  conveyed  straight  from 
Goethe  to  English  without  coming  through  the 
French.] 

WOLFE. — I  should  like  to  know  what  regi- 
ments General  J.  Wolfe,  the  conqueror  of 
Canada,  was  in.  The  'Annual  Register,'  1759, 
p.  281,  refers  to  Kingsley's,  but  very  vaguely. 

R.  B.  B. 

[Wolfe's  first  commission  was  as  second  lieu- 
tenant,  3  November,  1741,  in  his  father's  regiment 
of  marines,  then  known  as  the  44th  Foot.  On 
27  March,  1742,  he  became  ensign  in  the  12th  Foot 
(Duroure's).  He  was  with  his  regiment  at  Det- 
tingen  ;  adjutant,  2  July,  and  lieutenant,  14  July, 
1743.  On  3  June,  1744,  captain  4th  Foot  (Barrel's); 
12  June,  1745,  brigade-major.  On  the  staff  at  Cul- 
loden.  In  January,  1746/7,  brigade-major  in  Mor- 
daunt's  brigade ;  wounded  at  Laeffelt.  On  5  January, 
1748/9,  major  in  20th  Foot  (Lord  George  Sackville's) ; 
on  20  March,  1749/50,  lieutenant-colonel.  On  7  Feb- 
ruary, 1757,  Quartermaster-General  in  Ireland.  In 
1758  commanded  a  brigade  in  America,  and  during 
his  absence  there  was  made  colonel  of  the  2nd  Bat- 
talion of  the  20th,  then  converted  into  a  separate 
regiment,  the  67th.  For  further  particulars  consult 
'D.N.B.'J 

CHILDREN  ON  THE  STAGE.  —  When  did 
children  first  act  publicly  for  the  entertain- 
ment of  children  ?  Was  the  fashion  of  so 
doing  set  in  Gilbert  and  Sullivan  opera,  or 
by  a  French  company  of  children  which,  I 
believe,  came  to  England  a  little  before? 

NIGEL  PLAYFAIR. 

Garrick  Club. 

[Children,  of  course,  acted  in  Shakespeare's  time. 
See  the  references  in  'Hamlet'  to  "an  aery  of 
children,  little  eyases,"  II.  ii.  355,  supposed  to 
indicate  the  children  of  Paul's  or  of  the  Chapel. 
In  'Jack  Drum's  Entertainment;  or,  Pasquil  and 
Katherine,'  1601,  one  reads  :— 

I  saw  the  children  of  Poivles  last  night, 

And  troth  they  pleased  me  pretty,  pretty  well ; 

The  apes,  in  time,  will  do  it  handsomely.] 

BUCKINGHAM  HALL,  OR  COLLEGE,  CAM- 
BRIDGE.— Can  you  kindly  help  me  to  find 
any  contemporary,  or  early,  accounts  of  the 


i.  FEB.  G,  1904.]  ]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


109 


buildings  of  this  house  other  than  thos< 
referred  to  in  Willis  and  Clark's  '  Architectura 
History  of  the  University '  ? 

E.  K.  PURNELL. 
Wellington  College,  Berks. 

MORTIMER.  —  Hugh  de  Mortimer,  son  o 
Robert  Mortimer,  of  Burford,  by  his  wifi 
Margaret  de  Say,  is  said  to  have  had  a  son 
named  Elias.  Where  can  I  find  information 
about  this  Elias  Mortimer,  his  parentage  anc 
his  progeny  ?  H.  M.  BATSON. 

Hoe  Benham,  Newbury. 

CHRISTABELLA  TYRRELL. — Can  any  reader 
of  ^'N.  &  Q.'  kindly  tell  me  the  years  in 
which  Christabella,  daughter  of  Sir  John 
Tyrrell,  Bart.,  married  her  first  two  husbands 
John  Knap  and  John  Pigott,  of  Doddershall, 
Bucks?  She  married  thirdly,  28  January, 
1754,  Richard,  sixth  Viscount  Saye  and  Sele, 
and  died  s.j).  1789,  aged  ninety-four  years. 
WM.  JACKSON  PIGOTT. 

KIPPLES. — What  is  known  of  this  family, 
prominent  in  and  about  Glasgow  during  the 
sixteenth  and  seventeenth  centuries?  and 
where  can  allusions  to  and  records  of  its  past 
and  present  members  (if  any)  be  found  1 
If  the  surname  is  early  or  middle  Scots,  what 
may  have  been  its  meaning  ?  J.  G.  C. 

PSALTER  AND  LATIN  MS.— Oliver  ('  Monas- 
ticon,'  Dio.  Exon.)  mentions  a  Psalter  existing 
at  Ugbrooke  which  formerly  belonged  to 
St.  Andrew's  Priory  at  Ty  wardreath,  in  Corn- 
wall. Has  any  facsimile  of  this  MS.  or  of 
any  part  of  it  been  published  ?  and,  if  so,  by 
whom  ?  Also  has  the  fifteenth-century  Latin 
MS.  preserved  at  Wardour,  containing  the 
obits  of  the  brethren,  homilies,  Usuard's 
'Martyrologium,'  &c.,  been  published  in 
facsimile  or  otherwise,  and  by  whom  ? 

YOREC. 

'RECOMMENDED  TO  MERCY.'— Some  years 
ago  I  read  a  novel  with,  I  think,  the  title 
'  Recommended  to  Mercy.'  Could  any  reader 
of  'N.  &  Q.'  kindly  help  me  to  trace  the 
author,  with  a  view  of  renewing  my  acquaint- 
ance with  the  book  ?  I  have  not  now  the 
slightest  idea  of  the  name  of  the  author  (the 
story  may  have  been  anonymous),  but  fancy 
the  heroine  was  a  village  maiden  named 
Rosaline  or  Rosalind.  EDWARD  LATHAM. 
[It  is  by  Mrs.  Houston.] 

CARVED  STONE.— Can  you  tell  me  what  is 
probably  the  origin  of  an  old  carved  stone  in 
a  manor  house  built  in  1602  on  the  site  of  a 
previous  house?  Over  the  front  door  is  a 
stone  about  ten  inches  square,  which  may 
run  back  into  the  hall ;  at  the  angle  is  an 


incised  pattern  resembling  those  of  very 
early  crosses,  so-called  Runic,  such  as  those 
at  Rainsbury  or  Cirencester,  or  it  may  per- 
haps be  a  pattern  of  a  thirteenth-century 
coffin-lid  with  incised  flpreated  cross,  but 
seems  roughly  done  for  this. 

MRS.   HUNTLEY. 

COL.  THOMAS  COOPER. — Can  any  one  give 
the  pedigree  of  the  Cooper  family  of  Haseley, 
in  Oxfordshire,  and  any  information  that 
would  connect  Col.  Thomas  Cooper,  M.P.  for 
Oxford,  with  this  family,  and  also  with  the 
Coopers  of  Bengeworth  ? 

ARTHUR  L.  COOPER. 

TORCH  AND  TAPER.— What  was  the  actual 
difference  between  the  torches  and  tapers 
mentioned  in  ancient  wills?  Robert  Balser, 
of  Whitstable  (1511),  requests  that 
"  two  torches  be  bought,  price  10s.,  to  burn  about  me 
on  the  day  of  my  burying  and  afterwards  to  remain 
to  the  church.  Also  four  tapers  of  wax  of  21bs. 
each  to  burn  about  my  hearse,  at  burial,  month's 
mind,"  &c. 

Robert  Withiott,  of  Faversham  (1512),  left 
a  bequest  "to  the  maintenance  of  the  torches 
and  tapers  belonging  to  the  Bachelors  of 
Faversham."  Was  a  torch  made  of  different 
substance  from  a  taper,  or  was  it  only  a  large 
candle?  ARTHUR  HUSSEY. 

Tankerton-on-Sea,  Kent. 


LAMB,  COLERIDGE,  AND  MR.  MAY. 

(10th  S.  i.  61.) 

WHEN  I  wrote  the  note  headed  as  above  I 

ittle  thought  that  the  theory  I  was  advancing 

.viz.,  that  May,  whose  name  occurs  in  Lamb's 

earliest  extant  letter  to  Coleridge,  was  none 

other  than  the  Boniface  of  the  "  Salutation  " 

tavern)  had  ever  occurred  before  to  anybody 

— still  less  that  it  had  been  previously  venti- 

ated  in  this  journal.    Now,  however,  I  find 

hat,  in  a  query  headed  ' "  Salutation  "  Tavern, 

Vewgate  Street,'  published  21  April,  1900  (9th 

v.   315),  MR.  J.  A.  RUTTER  had  already 

reached  the  question  of  identity.      Great 

vits  jump.    For  years  past  I  have  held  the 

pinion  expressed  in  my  note  published  on 

3  January.    The  fact-^only  now  brought  to 

ny  knowledge — that  it  is  approved   by  so 

rofound    and    accomplished    a    student    of 

<amb  as  MR.  RUTTER  is  universally  acknow- 

dged  to  be  will,  I  feel  confident,  serve  to 

ommend  it  to  the  readers  of  'N.  &  Q.'  far 

more  powerfully  than  any  words  of  mine 

ould  do. 

In    one    particular   I    find    my    note     of 
3  January  is  inaccurate.    I  say  there  that 


110 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  FEB.  o,  190*. 


the  curious  story  of  the  offer  of  entertain- 
ment made  to  Coleridge  by  mine  host  of  the 
"  Salutation  "  rests  on  the  sole  authority  of 
Joseph  Cottle.  This  is  not  so.  In  Allsop's 
'Letters,  Conversations,  &c.,  of  S.  T.  Cole- 
ridge '  we  find  the  following  confirmation  of 
Cottle's  tale : — 

"  '  You  should  have  seen  him  twenty  years  ago,' 
said  he  [Lamb],  with  one  of  his  sweet  smiles,  '  when 
he  was  with  me  at  the  "Cat  and  Salutation"  in 

Newgate  Market Such  were  his  extraordinary 

powers,  that  when  it  was  time  for  him  to  go  and  be 
married,  the  landlord  entreated  his  stay?  and  offered 
him  free  quarters  if  he  would  only  talk.' " 

Allsop's  accuracy,  of  course,  is  by  no  means 
unimpeachable.  Thus  he  tells  us  (p.  116) 
that  "Coleridge  accused  Lamb  of  naving 
caused  the  Sonnet  to  Lord  Stanhope  to  be 
reinserted  in  the  joint  volume  ['  Poems,'  by 
Coleridge,  Lamb,  and  Lloyd,  1797]  published 
at  Bristol."  This  is  simply  impossible ;  Lamb 
had  absolutely  nothing  to  do  with  the  print- 
ing of  the  'Poems'  of  1797;  and  we  know 
from  another  source  that  it  was  Cottle  (that 
"fool  of  a  publisher"),  and  not  Lamb,  that 
Coleridge  blamed  in  this  matter.  Again,  the 
story  which  Allsop  tells  of  the  circumstances 
under  which  Lamb  wrote  the  '  Old  Familiar 
Faces'  is  absurd.  Allsop  here  clearly  con- 
founds the  writing  of  the  'Old  Familiar 
Faces '  with  the  inditing  of  the  letter  to  Cole- 
ridge containing  the  famous  '  Theses  qusedam 
Theologicse,'  six  months  later  (June,  1798). 
Still  there  must,  I  think,  be  some  foundation 
in  fact  for  the  story  of  Lamb's  conversation 
about  Coleridge,  which  Allsop  here  (p.  110) 
reports  in  terms  so  distinct.  MB.  J.  A. 
RUTTER,  to  whom  I  am  indebted  for  pointing 
out  the  error  in  my  note  of  23  January, 
suggests  that  an  offer  of  free  bed  and  board 
was  actually  made  to  Coleridge,  but 
made  by  the  landlord  of  the  "Angel"  in 
Butcher  Hall  Street  (whither  Coleridge  had 
migrated  from  the  "Salutation"),  not  by 
William  May,  of  the  Newgate  Street  tavern  : 
and  this  is,  most  likely,  what  actually  occurred'. 
At  all  events,  by  adopting  MR.  KUTTER'S  sug- 
gestion, we,  in  a  measure,  save  the  credit  of 
the  two  witnesses— Joseph  Cottle  and  Thomas 
Allsop— without  any  disparagement  to  the 
theory  which  identifies  May  of  Letter  I.  with 
mine  host  of  the  "  Salutation  and  Cat." 

THOMAS  HUTCHINSON. 

"CHAPERONED  BY  HER  FATHER "  (9th  S  xii 
245,  370,  431  ;  10*  S.  i.  54,  92).-I  am  not 'con 
cerned  as  to  whether  "chaperon "or "escort1 
is  the  better  word,  but  I  think  that  all  of  u; 
who  contribute  what  w.e  can  to  'N.  &  O. 
arif-  ctoncerned  about  that  courtesy  without 
which  the  journal  cannot  work  smoothly.  If 


I  remember  rightly,  it  was  stated  in  the 
editorial  article  on  the  Jubilee  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 
that  in  the  early  days  of  the  paper  there 
was  much  doubt  as  to  whether  it  would  be 
possible  to  allow  communications  to  appear 
anonymously,  lest  correspondents,  sheltered 
by  concealment  of  their  names,  should  be 
discourteous.  You,  Mr.  Editor,  I  think,  de- 
clared that  that  presentation  of  anonymous 
signatures  had  given  rise  to  no  difficulties. 

At  the  penultimate  reference  appears  a  reply 
signed  SIMPLICISSIMUS.  In  it  the  writer  refers 
to  his  earlier  reply  at  9th  S.  xii.  370.  The 
matter  of  the  question  and  replies  is  inter- 
sting  and  worth  discussion — discussion  in 
the  ordinary,  the  courteous,  manner  of 
N.  &  Q.'  Both  replies  appear  to  me  to 
be  lacking  in  that  respect.  In  order  that 
I  may  show  that  I  am  not  writing  down  a 
suddenly  formed  opinion,  I  may  mention 
that  I  made  a  note  at  the  time  that  the  reply 
at  9th  S.  xii.  370  was  discourteous. 

I  find  in  my  notes  a  similar  memorandum 
concerning  a  reply  (9th  S.  xii.  194)  s.v.  '  The 
English  Dialect  Dictionary,'  to  which  you, 
Mr.  Editor,  appended  a  mild  remonstrance. 
This  reply  was  signed  F.  J.  C. 

Some  other  fairly  recent  examples  could  be 
quo  ted,  even  some  signed  with  real  names, 
but  I  have  given  enough  for  my  purpose.  I 
believe  that  most  of  the  objectionably  worded 
replies  are  anonymous. 

I  have  been  a  humble  contributor  to  our 
paper  for  nearly  twenty  years.  Perhaps  I 
may  be  allowed  to  suggest  that  discourtesy 
is  out  of  place  amongst  those  who  write  for 
'  N.  &  Q.,'  and  contrary  to  your  and  your 
correspondents'  desires.  Many  of  us  who 
give  our  little  contributions  to  the  paper 
have  found  that  it  forms  for  us  an  introduc- 
tion to  each  other,  almost  a  bond  of  friend- 
ship. This  is  very  pleasant,  and  I,  for  one, 
am  very  unwilling  that  any  discourtesy 
should  tend  to  weaken  this  bond.  Surely, 
if  a  correspondent  knows,  or  thinks  that  he 
knows,  more  than  another,  he  should  be 
satisfied  by  giving  his  knowledge  without 
trying  to  hurt  the  feelings  of  him  to  whose 
suggestions  or  beliefs  he  does  not  consent. 

i  write  to  deprecate  a  growing  tendency  to 
acrimonious  disputation  in  '  N.  &  Q.' 

llOBERT  PlERPOINT. 
[We  hope  that  the  tendency  is  not  growing.] 

SHAKESPEARE'S  "VIRTUE  OF  NECESSITY" 
(10th  S.  i.  8,  76).— This  phrase  Shakespeare 
adapted,  I  think,  from  Sidney's  'Arcadia.' 
On  p.  138,  recto,  ed.  1590,  it  occurs  as  follows  : 
"learning  vertue  of  necessity." 

On  this  same  page  may  also  be  found  two 
other  passages  afterwards  made  famous  by 


io«- s.i.  FEB.  6,  low.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


the  dramatist.  Sidney  says,  "O  the  cowardise 
of  a  guiltie  conscience,"  rendered  by  Shake- 
speare "  Thus  conscience  does  make  cowards 
of  us  all"  ('Hamlet,'  III.  i.  83);  while  Sidney's 
"  a  popular  licence  is  indeed  the  many-headed 
tyranny  "  is  changed  to  "  Stuck  not  to  call  us 
the  many-headed  multitude"  ('Cor.,'  II.  iii. 
18).  CHAS.  A.  HERPICH. 

New  York. 

EMMET  AND  DE  FONTEKAY  LETTERS  (9th  S. 
xii.  308  :  10th  S.  i.  52).— I  wish  to  thank  Miss 
L.  I.  GUINEY  for  her  reply  to  my  query  ;  but 
the  letters  I  desire  to  trace  are  not  the  three 
printed  in  Dr.  Emmet's  book,  but  the  rest  of 
this  correspondence.  The  letters  were  to- 
gether until  thirty  years  ago,  when  their  last 
known  owner  died.  It  is  possible  that  some 
reader  of  'N.  &,  Q.'  in  France  may  be  able  to 
furnish  a  clue.  Letters  of  R.  Emmet  are 
rare.  Only  nine  have  been  traced,  and  until 
lately  but  five  were  known.  The  late  Sir 
Bernard  Burke  showed  Dr.  Emmet  in 
Dublin  Castle  a  box  of  documents  relating  to 
the  Emmet  family  which  were  seized  in  1798 
and  1803.  Dr.  Emmet  was  not  allowed  to 
see  the  contents.  In  1886  he  got  permission 
to  examine  them,  but  the  box  could  not  then 
be  found.  FRANCESCA. 

IPSWICH  APPRENTICE  BOOKS  (10th  S.  i.  41). 
— In  reply  to  numerous  inquiries,  I  may  state 
that  the  apprentices  whose  names  appear  in 
these  books  fall  under  the  following  counties  : 
Suffolk,  345  ;  Essex,  19  ;  Norfolk,  18  ;  North- 
umberland, 16  ;  Yorkshire,  5  ;  Cambridge- 
shire, 3 ;  Durham,  Sussex,  and  Middlesex, 
2  each  ;  Beds,  Wilts,  Leicester,  Derby,  Devon, 
Lines,  Rutland,  Shropshire,  Surrey,  West- 
morland, and  Kent,  1  each  ;  making  a  total 
of  423.  M.  B.  HUTCHINSON. 

37,  Lower  Brook  Street,  Ipswich. 

'  MEMOIRS  OF  A  STOMACH  '  (10th  S.  i.  27,  57), 
by  a  Minister  of  the  Interior,  was  written  by 
Sir  James  Eyre,  at  one  time  Mayor  of  Here- 
ford, and  a  medical  practitioner  in  that  city. 
The  object  of  the  book  was,  I  believe,  mainly 
to  vaunt  the  properties  of  oxide  of  silver  in 
the  treatment  of  stomach  disorders.  He 
eventually  went  to  London,  and,  I  think, 
died  there.  When  the  Duke  of  Clarence  be- 
came King  William  IV.,  he  refused  to  carry 
out  the  plan  which  had  been  adopted  by 
his  predecessors,  viz.,  to  knight  the  mayors 
of  the  chief  cities  of  England,  but  would  only 
knight  two.  The  two  selected  were  George 
Drinkwater,  Mayor  of  Liverpool,  and  Dr. 
Eyre,  Mayor  of  Hereford.  This  incident  gave 
occasion  to  Abernethy  to  suggest  to  a  corpu- 
lent patient,  who  consulted  him  as  to  his 


internal  minister,  that  he  should  constantly 
keep  in  mind  the  names  of  the  two  mayors 
the  king  had  just  knighted — Eyre  and  Drink- 
water.  CHARLES  WILLIAMS. 
Norwich. 

WERDEN  ABBEY  (10th  S.  i.  67).— The  Bene- 
dictine Abbey  at  Werden  (not  Werdens),  on 
the  river  Ruhr,  was  founded  A.r>.  802  by 
St.  Ludger,  a  Frisian  priest,  who  lies  buried 
in  the  old  church.  The  monastery  buildings 
are  now  used  as  a  State  prison.  When  I 
visited  the  abbey  about  ten  years  ago,  I  tried 
to  procure  a  history  of  it,  but  failed.  An 
account  of  the  antiquities  found  in  the 
neighbourhood  was  then  in  preparation,  I 
was  told.  Your  correspondent  might  apply 
to  Mr.  G.  D.  Baedeker,  bookseller,  11,  Burg- 
strasse,  Essen,  Rhenish  Westphalia. 

L.  L.  K. 

"  CLYSE  "  (9th  S.  xii.  486).— In '  Observations 
on  some  of  the  Dialects  in  the  West  of  Eng- 
land, particularly  in  Somersetshire,'  by  James 
Jennings,  I  find,  p.  30:  "  Clize,  s.  A  place  or 
drain  for  the  discharge  of  water,  regulated 
by  a  valve  or  door,  which  permits  a  free 
egress,  but  no  ingress  to  water."  This  work 
was  published  in  1825,  and  carries  the  use  of 
the  word  back  more  than  half  a  century 
further  than  .MR.  DODGSON'S  letter  in  the 
Spectator,  1882.  The  word  is  in  general  use 
in  the  moors  of  Somerset,  in  the  drainage  of 
which  the  clyse  plays  an  important  part. 

"PAPERS  "  (9th  S.  xii.  387  ;  10th  S.  i.  18,  53). 
— The  following  passage  comes  from  'De 
Jure  Maritime  et  Navali,'  by  Charles  Molloy 
('D.N.B.,'  xxxviii.  130),  London,  1676,  bk.  ii. 
chap.  ii.  sect.  9,  and  relates  to  the  duties  of  a 
master  of  a  ship  : — 

"He  must  not  carry  any  counterfeit  Cocquets  or 
other  fictitious  and  colourable  Ship  Papers  to  in' 
volve  the  Goods  of  the  Innocent  with  the  Kocent." 

H.  C. 

THE  "  SHIP"  HOTEL  AT  GREENWICH  (9th  S. 
xii.  306,  375,  415,  431). — As  one  of  the  oldest 
natives  of  Greenwich,  I  may  perhaps  be 
regarded  as  an  authority  for  local  informa- 
tion. The  original  "Ship"  Tavern  stood  at 
the  eastern  end  of  the  spot  now  occupied  by 
the  pier,  and  in  proximity  to  the  Drawdock 
at  the  river  end  of  Friar's  Road,  running 
southward  out  of  Romney  Road,  between 
the  Hospital  and  the  Infirmary.  This  road 
led  into  a  little  square  in  which  were  three 
or  four  public-houses,  one  of  them  "The 
Chest  of  Chatham,"  another  "  The  Red  Lion," 
and  another  "The  Crown  and  Anchor."  All 
this  has  been  changed— Friar's  Road,  Brew- 


112 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [ioth  s.  i.  FEB.  6,  im 


house  Lane,  and  the  east  end  of  Fisher's 
Lane  have  been  taken  in  by  the  Hospital 
and  Infirmary  grounds.  ROBERT  PARKER. 

JOHN  DENMAN  (9th  S.  xii.  447).— The  Kev. 
John  Denman,  M.A.  Line.  Coll.  Oxon.,  was 
vicar  of  Knottingley,  Yorks,  in  1852. 

CH'AS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

GLOWWORM  OR  FIREFLY  (10th  S.  i.  47).— 
See  Mrs.  Hemans's  poem  '  The  Better  Land  ' : 
Is  it  where  the  flow'r  of  the  orange  blows, 
And  the  fireflies  dance  thro'  the  myrtle  boughs  ? 

Also  Southey's  'Madoc,'  ed.  1853,  part  ii. 
p.  219  (with  long  note,  p.  353)  :— 

She  beckon'd  and  descended,  and  drew  out 
From  underneath  her  vest  a  cage,  or  net 
It  rather  might  be  call'd,  so  fine  the  twigs 
Which  knit  it,  where,  confined,  two  fireflies  gave 
Their  lustre.    By  that  light  did  Madoc  first 
Behold  the  features  of  his  lovely  guide. 

In  Kirby  and  Spence's  'Introduction  to 
Entomology,'  1856,  p.  506,  it  is  remarked  that 
the  brilliant  nocturnal  spectacle  presented 
by  these  insects  to  the  inhabitants  of  the 
countries  where  they  abound  cannot  be  better 
described  than  in  the  language  of  Sou  they, 
who  has  thus  related  its  first  effect  upon  the 
British  visitors  of  the  New  World  : — 

Sorrowing  we  beheld 

The  night  come  on  ;  but  soon  did  night  display 
More  wonders  than  it  veil'd  :  innumerous  tribes 
From  the  wood-cover  swarm'd,  and  darkness  made 
Their  beauties  visible  :  one  while  they  stream'd 
A  bright  blue  radiance  upon  flowers  that  closed    * 
Their  gorgeous  colours  from  the  eye  of  day  ; 
Now,  motionless  and  dark,  eluded  search, 
Self-shrouded  ;  and  anon,  starring  the  sky, 
Rose  like  a  shower  of  fire. 

But  Southey  "  confounds  the  firefly  of 
St.  Domingo  (Elater  noctilucus)  with  a  quite 
different  insect,  the  lantern-fly  (Fulgora 
lanternaria)  of  Madame  Merian "  (p.  507, 
Kirby  and  Spence).  Madame  Merian  painted 
one  of  these  insects  by  its  own  light. 

And  for   night-tapers  crop  their  [i.e.,  the   glow- 
worms'] waxen  thighs, 
And  light  them  at  the  fiery  glowworm's  eyes. 

Ibid.,  p.  513. 

Tasteful  illumination  of  the  night, 
Bright  scattered,  twinkling  star  of  spangled  earth  ; 
Hail  to  the  nameless  coloured  dark-and-light, 
The  witching  nurse  of  thy  illumined  birth. 

John  Clare's  sonnet '  To  the  Glowworm.' 

Shelley  somewhere  ['To  a  Skylark']  has  :— 

Like  a  glowworm  golden,  in  a  dell  of  dew, 

Scattering  unbeholdeu  its  aerial  blue  [hue] 
Among  the  flowers  and  grass  that  [which]  screen  it 
from  the  view. 

J.   HOLDEN   MAcMlCHAEL. 

There  is  in  All  the  Year  Round  of  24  October, 
1863,  a  poem  entitled  'The  Glowworm,'  which 


well  deserves  being  reprinted.  I  do  not  at 
present  call  to  mind  any  English  verses  on 
the  firefly,  except  those  referred  to  by  the 
Editor.  This  must  be  due  to  my  own 
ignorance.  It  is  highly  improbable  that 
these  beautiful  creatures  should  not  have 
attracted  the  attention  of  other  poets  than 
those  named. 

It  may  be  well  to  draw  attention  to  the 
fact  that  Italian  peasants  think  "  the  fire- 
flies dancing  above  the  ripening  wheat  are  so 
many  tiny  living  lamps  of  the  sanctuary,  lit 
in  honour  of  its  future  consecration,  and 
thus  offering  their  anticipatory  service  of 
adoration"  (Dublin  Review,  October,  1897, 
p.  490). 

The  Malays  have  a  belief  that  the  blood 
of  murdered  men  turns  into  fireflies.  See 
'  Malay  Magic,'  329,  quoted  in  Folk  lore,  June, 
1902,  p.  150n.  EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

There  is  a  poem  entitled  '  The  Glowworm,' 
translated  from  Vincent  Bourne's  Latin,  by  a 
poet  named  Cowper.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

The  following  was  in  a  small  collection  of 
children's  school-songs  in  daily  use  in  the 
practising  school  of    the  Chester  Diocesan 
Training  College  about  sixty  years  ago  :— 
Once  a  little  boy  was  straying 

Through  the  woody  lanes  at  night, 
And  he  there  its  light  displaying 
Saw  a  pretty  glowworm  bright. 

He  a  moment  stood  to  wonder 
What  could  shed  such  dazzling  light. 

Then  some  green  leaves  hid  it  under, 
And  took  home  this  glowworm  bright. 

Thus  through  life  we  see  with  sorrow 

Hopes  which  seem  so  bright  to-night 
Fade  and  die  upon  the  morrow, 
Like  this  pretty  glowworm  bright. 

E.  CLARK. 
4,  Lome  Street,  Chester. 

A  poem  by  Lowell  called  'The  Lesson' 
draws  a  grand  moral  from  the  firefly  in 
rebuke  of  human  self-sufficiency. 

C.    B.    HOLINS WORTH. 
"ALL  ROADS  LEAD  TO  KoME  "  (10th  S.  i.  48). 

— So  far  as  I  know,  this  is  not  strictly  an 
English  proverb,  but  merely  a  translation 
of  the  French  one  "  Tout  chemin  mene  a 
Rome,1'*  or  the  Italian  "Tutte  le  strade 
conducono  a  Roma";t  and  it  seems  to  me 
only  natural  that  we  should  go  to  Italy  for 
the  origin  of  the  phrase. 


*  Some  authorities  derive  the  word  chemin  from 
the  Italian. 

t  The  equivalent  English  proverb  seems  to  be 
"  There  are  more  ways  to  the  wood  than  one " ; 
Scottish,  "  There  are  mae  ways  to  the  wood  nor 


id*  s.i.  FEB.  6, 1904.]          NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


113 


The  figurative  sense  in  which  it  is  generally 
used,  if  not  in  Italy  (I  cannot  say),  at  all 
events  in  England  and  France,  is  that  there 
are  many  ways  of  reaching  the  same  end  or 
of  attaining  the  same  object.  La  Fontaine 
applies  the  proverb  in  the  fable  (bk.  xii.) 
of  '  Le  Juge  Arbitre,'  &c.,  of  which  I  give 
the  opening  lines  : — 

Trois  saints,  egalement  jaloux  de  leur  salut, 
Fortes  d'un  meme  esprit,  tendaient  a  meme  but. 
Us  s'y  prirent  tous  trois  par  des  routes  diverses  : 
Tous  chemins  yont  a  Rome  ;  ainsi  nos  concurrents 
Crurent  pouvoir  choisir  des  sentiers  diffe'rents. 

EDWARD  LATHAM. 
[MB.  HOLDEX  MAcMiciiAEL  sends  a  similar  reply.] 

VENISON  IN  SUMMER  (10th  S.  i.  47). — Thomas 
Cogan,  in  'The  Haven  of  Health,'  1588, 
chap,  cxxxvi.,  writing  of  venison,  mentions 
that,  whether  it  be  of  red  deer  or  fallow,  it 
maketh  ill  juice,  and  is  hard  of  digestion, 
and  that  the  best  way  is  to  drown  it  in 
wine : — 

"And  concerning  redde  Deere,  Simeon  Sethi 
writeth,  That  Stagges  in  the  summer  season  eat 
vipers  and  serpents,  whereby  their  flesh  is  made 
venimous  and  noysome,  and  therefore  it  is  no  wise 
to  be  eaten.  Yet  M.  Eliot  thiuketh  the  flesh  of 
fallowe  Deere  is  more  unwholesome  and  unpleasant 
than  of  red  Deere." 

Robert  Lovell,  in  the  '  History  of  Animals 
and  Minerals,'  1661,  writes  of  the  buck, 
Dama  : — 

"  When  young  and  in  season  they  are  a  whole- 
some Meat,  Having  no  bad  juyce  of  themselves ; 
when  old  its  dry,  too  cold  and  full  of  grosse 
humours.  But  it  may  be  corrected  by  Butter, 
Pepper,  and  Salt." 

There  is  a  very  full  account  of  the  various 
uses  to  which  parts  of  the  body  of  the  hart, 
Cervus,  can  be  applied,  and  with  some  extra- 
ordinary results.  He  mentions  : — 

"  The  bezar  stone,  or  lachryma  cervi  Agric, 
resisteth  poyson  :  They  are  produced  by  [the  Hart] 
standing  in  the  water  up  to  the  neck,  after  their 
devouring  of  Serpents,  which  they  doe  to  coole 
themselves,  not  daring  to  drink  ;  these  tears  falling 
into  the  water,  congeale,  and  are  thence  taken  by 
those,  that  doe  observe  them,  the  quantity  is  as 
that  of  a  walnut." 

After  nearly  two  pages  of  further  informa- 
tion on  the  qualities  of  the  intestines,  &c., 
the  chapter  finishes  in  the  following  manner, 
in  which  it  will  be  seen  there  is  a  reason  for 
the  swallowing  of  serpents  : — 

"Some  say  they  live  3600  yeares.  There  noise 
is  unpleasant.  They  have  friendship  with  the 
heath-cock ;  but  enmity  to  the  Eagle,  Vulture, 
Serpent,  Dogges,  Tiger,  Ram,  and  noise  of  Foxes : 
to  the  Artichock,  Rosewood  and  red  Feathers,  &c. 
They  love  their  young  and  Music." 

I  presume,  on  the  assumption  that  like  cures 
like,  the  bezar  stone,  which  is  said  by 


Lovell  to  be  made  "  of  poyson  and  a  certaine 
herb  :  of  a  crass  terren  matter,"  is  used  by 
advice  of  Garzias  for  helping   the    bites  of 
vipers  and  serpents.      HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 
Shrewsbury. 

HERBERT  SPENCER  ON  BILLIARDS  (10th  S.  i. 
48). — I  met  Mr.  Herbert  Spencer  some  three 
or  four  years  ago  in  a  country  house  where 
he  was  staying  ;  and  on  our  hostess  inviting 
him  to  join  her  in  a  game  of  billiards,  he 
answered  that  he  should  be  delighted,  but 
that  he  was  too  old.  He  added,  "  You  know 
I  used  to  be  very  fond  of  billiards,  and, 
a  propos  of  that,  they  tell  a  malicious  story 
of  me."  He  then  repeated  the  story  in  much 
the  same  words  as  quoted  by  your  corre- 
spondent, adding,  with  some  warmth,  that 
there  was  no  foundation  for  it  whatever,  and 
that  his  personal  friends  knew  that  it  was 
not  like  him  to  make  any  such  remarks.  He 
went  on  to  say  that,  though  he  had  contra- 
dicted it  often,  he  knew  it  was  still  repeated, 
and  he  feared  that  it  would  be  circulated 
after  his  death.  C.  E. 

DOWNING  FAMILY  (10th  S.  i.  44).— It  is 
curious  that  DR.  STEVENS  should  not  have 
been  able  to  find  any  record  of  so  well-known 
a  person  as  Mr.  A.  G.  Fullerton.  He  had 
property  in  the  north  of  Ireland,  was  for  a 
time  in  the  Guards,  and  resided  for  much  of 
his  life  in  France.  His  wife  (a  daughter  of 
the  first  Earl  Granville),  Lady  Georgiana 
Fullerton,  was  well  known  both  as  a  writer 
and  for  her  works  of  benevolence.  Both  Mr. 
Fullerton  and  his  wife  were  Catholics,  and 
resided  towards  the  close  of  their  lives  at 
Bournemouth.  JR.  B. 

Upton. 

ASH  :  PLACE-NAME  (9th  S.  xii.  106,  211,  291, 
373;  10th  S.  i.  72).— I  am  willing  to  admit 
that  Asham  may  be  explained  as  "  a  home- 
stead among  ashes ";  but  I  would  still  say 
that  this  cannot  always  be  inferred.  The 
original  may  have  been  TEscan-ham,  "  the 
home  of  ^Esca":  and  it  is  difficult  to  decide 
unless  you  find  a  spelling  you  can  depend 
upon.  The  parallels  suggested  are  to  the 
point.  The  name  ^Esca  occurs  in  Kemble, 
'  Cod.  Dipl.,'  ii.  74, 1.  12. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

PROF.  SKEAT  possibly  misread  my  note  re 
Lasham  village.  I  did  not  say  trees  lived  in 
homes,  but  that  the  village  was  a  homestead 
in  or  amongst  ash  trees — and  why  not?  as 
DR.  G.  KRUEGER  (Berlin)  says.  There  is 
ample  evidence  of  the  Saxons  having  settle- 
ments in  the  district.  The  next  hamlet  to 
Lasham  is  Bentworth  (Saxon),  and  within 


114 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io»  s.  L  FKB.  6, 


easy  distance  are  the  well-known  villages  of 
the  Meons  (Jutes).  Certainly  the  Normans 
called  Lashara  Esseham.  Esse  is  Norman 
for  ash,  and  why  the  Normans  should  so 
call  the  place,  unless  ash  trees  were  there,  it 
is  difficult  to  imagine.  There  was,  until  of 
late  years,  standing  at  the  parting  of  the 
ways  at  Lasham  a  fine  ash  tree,  the  possible 
descendant  of  another  tree.  The  latter  may 
well  have  been  a  Saxon  sacred  tree  (vide 
Green's  'Short  Hist.').  There  are  other 
features  of  this  village  which  point  to  its 
Saxon  origin. 

A  suggested  origin  of  the  village  name  has 
been  lei/,  A.-S.  meadow,  but  this  is  hardly 
feasible,  as  at  the  Domesday  survey  one  acre 
only  is  mentioned  as  meadow. 

FRANK  LASHAM. 

Guildford. 

EARLIEST  PLAYBILL  (10th  S.  i.  28,  71).— At 
1st  S.  x.  99  is  a  contribution  '  Supposed  Early 
Playbill,'  which  carefully  examines  a  copy  of 
one  with  a  full  cast  of  Drury  Lane,  dated 
8  April,  1663,  and  given  in  J.  Payne  Cellier's 
'  History  of  Dramatic  Poetry '  (vol.  iii.  p.  384), 
and  pronounces  it  to  be  spurious,  while 
incidentally  it  notes  that  it  was  not  usual 
for  playbills  to  bear  the  date  of  the  year 
until  as  late  as  1767.  Dutton  Cook,  in  his 
collection  of  essays  'A  Book  of  the  Play,' 
under  the  heading  '  A  Bill  of  the  Play,'  gives 
Payne  Collier's  authority  likewise  for  assert- 
ing that  printed  announcements  of  the  piece 
to  be  performed  were  "certainly  common 
prior  to  the  year  1563."  But  were  they  ? 
ALFRED  F.  BOBBINS. 

NIGHTCAPS  (9th  S.  xi.  489;  xii.  55,  176).— 
In  Simes's  'Military  Medley,'  1768,  and  in 
his  'Military  Guide,'  1772,  a  list  is  given  of 
'Things  necessary  for  a  Gentleman  to  be 
furnished  with  upon  obtaining  his  first  Com- 
mission.' The  list  includes  "three  pillow 
cases  ;  six  linen  night  caps,  and  two  yarn." 
A  '  Scheme  for  an  Ensign's  Constant  Ex- 
pence'  is  also  given,  and  it  provides  for 

"two   Night  Caps  a  week Hair  Powder, 

Pomatum Soldier  to  dress  Hair." 

An  interesting  instance  of  a  temporary 
discontinuance  of  powdering  the  hair  occurred 
at  the  beginning  of  the  siege  of  Gibraltar  : — 

"Orders  were  issued  for  the  troops  to  mount 
guard  with  their  hair  unpowdered  ;  a  circumstance 
trifling  in  appearance,  but  which  our  situation 
afterwards  proved  to  be  of  great  importance;  and 
which  evinced  our  Governor's  great  attention,  and 
prudent  foresight,  in  the  arrangement  of  the 
stores." — '  Drinfcwater,'  first  edition,  p.  58. 

Fine  flour  had  been  used  for  the  purpose, 
and  now  it  was  reserved  for  food  for  the 
garrison. 


In  the  '  Life  of  Lord  Hill,'  p.  36,  we  read  : 

"In  those  days  of  all-prevailing  powder  and 
pomatum,  Sir  John  Moore  had  actually  dared  the 
innovation  of  a  crop,  and  appeared  unfrizzled  and 

unfloured  upon  parade It  was  not  till  the  arrival 

of  Sir  John  Moore  from  Stockholm  in  1808  that  an 
order  reached  his  troops  to  cut  off  their  queues.  It 

was  dated  24  July,  and  gave  universal  delight 

The  tails  were  kept  till  all  were  docked,  when,  by 
a  signal,  the  whole  were  hove  overboard  with  three 
cheers.'' 

W.  S. 

GLASS  MANUFACTURE  (9th  S.  xii.  428,  515  : 
10th  S.  i.  51).— About  1881  my  late  father  sold 
a  small  piece  of  property,  including  a  house, 
situated  near  Cleobury  Mortimer,  in  the 
county  of  Salop,  and  this  was  called  Glass- 
house Green.  There  is  another  piece  of  pro- 
perty adjoining,  which  in  a  deed  dated 
22  May,  1810,  is  described  as  being  at  the 
Glass-house  Green,  which  seems  to  imply 
that  the  name  was  used  not  only  for  the  one 
piece  of  property,  but  for  some  adjoining 
land.  I  cannot  ascertain,  though  ].  have 
made  inquiries  from  one  of  the  oldest  in- 
habitants of  Cleobury,  that  any  one  ever 
knew  of  glass  manufactured  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood. H.  SOUTHAM. 

Shrewsbury. 

"PRIOR  TO :'  =  BEFORE  (9th  S.  xii.  66,  154. 
312). — DR.  KRUEGER  is  too  modest,  for,  in 
addition  to  his  other  qualifications,  he  is — 
foreigner  though  he  be— English  in  his  know- 
ledge of  the  English  language,  and  therefore 
entitled  to  utter  his  opinions  on  matters 
affecting  it.  However,  though  he  refrains 
from  passing  formal  judgment  on  "  prior  to" 
and  "previous  to,"  I  infer  that  when  he 
draws  attention  to  the  equally  anomalous 
expressions  "preparatory  to"  and  "owing 
to,"  he  holds  them  all  to  be  grammatically 
indefensible  and  to  be  avoided  both  in  speak- 
ing and  writing.  To  call  these  phrases,  to 
which  might  be  added  "antecedent  to," 
"anticipatory  to,"  and  "preliminary  to," 
with  others  of  the  same  kidney,  adverbs, 
shows  amazing  ignorance  of  the  nature  of 
that  part  of  speech,  and  affords  ample  excuse 
for  Home  Tooke's  sarcastic  page,  where  he 
writes :  — 

"  AndServius(to  whom  learning  has  great  obliga- 
tions) advances  something  which  almost  justifies 
you  for  calling  this  class,  what  you  lately  termed 
it,  the  common  sink  and  repository  of  all  hetero- 
geneous, unknown  corruptions.  For,  he  says, — 
Omnis  pars  orationis,  quando  desinit  esse  quod  est, 
migrat  in  Adverbium.  I  think  I  can  translate 
Servius  intelligibly.  Every  word,  quando  desinit 
esse  quod  est,  when  a  Grammarian  knows  not  what 
to  make  of  it,  migrat  in  Adverbium,  he  calls  an 
Adverb."— '  Diversions  of  Parley,'  vol.  i.  p.  430 
(London,  1829). 


10th  S.  I.  FKR.  6,  1904.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


115 


But  the  writer  is  here  dealing  with  single 
words,  and  not  with  double  monstrosities 
such  as  those  we  are  considering.  If  he  had 
been  told  that  a  comparative  adjective,  used 
absolutely,  like  prior,  followed  by  the  pre- 
position to,  was  an  adverb,  immense  would 
have  been  his  astonishment,  and  very  violent 
the  language  of  his  condemnation.  And  yet 
that  is  what  we  are  told  by  the  compilers  of 
the  '  Century  Dictionary,'  whose  labours  I 
do  not  _ wish  to  undervalue.  Perhaps  they, 
seeing  it  was  a  prepositional  phrase,  based 
their  assertion  on  what  Ben  Jonson  says  in 
chap.  xxi.  of  his  'English  Grammar':  "Pre- 
positions are  also  a  peculiar  kind  of  adverbs, 
and  ought  to  be  referred  hither."  But  that 
masculine  genius,  in  this  case,  would  have 
called  the  one  word  an  adjective  and  the 
other  a  preposition,  but  never  the  two 
together  either  preposition  or  adverb. 

DR.  KRUEGER  singles  out  one  of  the  ugliest 
and  absurdest  of  these  neologisms,  which  he 
justly  declares  to  be  "  a  disgustingly  lengthy 
thing."  Here  is  an  example,  taken  from  one 
of  the  best  magazines  of  the  day,  and  the 
oldest : — 

"The  king,  preparatory  to  causing  them  to  be 
trampled  to  death  by  elephants  in  the  hippodrome, 
ordered  Hermo,  their  keeper,  to  dose  them  the 
•day  before  with  frankincense  and  undiluted  wine." 
—Gentleman's  Magazine,  July,  1903,  p.  13. 

Who  were  dosed — the  victims  or  the  elephants? 
Such  a  monstrous  way  of  saying  before  makes 
one  think  that  the  ancient  proverb,  which 
Horace  had  in  mind,  should  be  reversed,  and 
that  it  was  not  the  parturient  mountain  which 
gave  birth  to  a  mouse,  but  that  the  "wee, 
sleekit,  cowrin',  tim'rous  beastie,"  in  her 
portentous  and  unparalleled  travail,  did  the 
other  thing:  Parturiuut  mures;  nascetur 
ridiculus  mons  !  I  do  not  credit  the  writer 
of  the  interesting  article  from  which  I  quote 
with  originating  this  lumbering  phrase ;  it 
•was  used  before  his  time,  though  this  is  the 
only  instance  I  have  at  hand. 

All  these  inkhorn  expressions,  which  one 
cannot  call  "vulgarisms,''  because  they  never 
came  from  the  mouth  of  the  people,  seem  to 
have  crawled  into  being  after  "prior  to" 
made  its  appearance,  which  happened  some- 
where between  the  years  1830  and  1840,  as  I 
think  I  can  show.  Of  course,  a  few  instances 
of  its  employment  may  be  produced  before 
that  date,  but  the  writers  doubtless  fancied 
they  were  using  a  comparative  adjective  in  a 
perfectly  legitimate  manner,  as  in  the  example 
from  Sir  John  Hawkins  (9th  S.  xii.  66). 

In  my  search  for  the  phrase  in  its  present 
absolute  sense,  I  have  looked  through  Haz- 
litt's  'Table  Talk'  (1821),  Lamb's  'Essays  of 


Elia'(1823),  Coleridge's  ' Table  Talk'  (1835), 
Dickens's  '  Pickwick  '  (1836),  Carlyle's  '  French 
Revolution '  (1837),  Thackeray's  '  Paris  Sketch- 
Book '  (1840),  and  have  only  found  one 
example,  which  is  contained  in  Lamb's 
'  Vision  of  Horns,'  where  he  writes  : — 

"  But  [they]  were  thought  to  have  antedated 
their  good  men's  titles,  by  certain  liberties  they  had 
indulged  themselves  in,  prior  to  the  ceremony." 

But  it  was  not  until  after  John  Poole's  clever 
and  most  amusing  book  'Little  Pedlington 
and  the  Pedlingtonians '  was  published  in 
1839  that  the  phrase  began  to  push  its  way 
into  notice.  There  are  three  examples  of  its 
use  in  this  volume,  the  first  of  which  shows 
it  to  be  of  theatrical  origin.  It  will  be  re- 
membered that  Poole  was  the  author  of  the 
comedy  'Paul  Pry'  and  other  pieces,  and 
there  can  be  no  doubt  that  he  is  ridiculing 
the  inflated  language  of  playbills  in  that  of 
'The  Hatchet  of  Horror;  or,  the  Massacred 
Milkmaid,'  of  which  this  is  a  sample  : — 

"  To  be  preceded  by  an  occasional  Address,  to 
be  spoken  by  Miss  Julia  Wriggles.  Prior  to  which, 
the  favourite  Broad-Sword  Hornpipe,  by  Miss 
Julia  Wriggles."— P.  156,  ed.  1860. 

I  may  observe  that  on  the  foregoing  page 
we  have  "  previous  to,"  the  whole  gamut  of 
before  and  after  being  exhausted  in  this  piece 
in  a  most  ludicrous  fashion.  At  the  foot  of 
p.  186  there  is  the  following  note  : — 

"The  five  chapters  in  this  volume,  upon  the 
Little  Pedlington  theatricals,  were  written  prior 
to  the  month  of  April,  1837." 

An  extract  from  the  "  Life  of  Captain 
Pomponius  Nix,  by  Felix  Hoppy,  Esq., 
M.C.,"  contains  the  last  example  :  — 

"  Toiling  with  unwearied  step  through  the 
mouldering  archives  of  Little  Pedlington,  I  find 
mention  of  the  name  of  Nix  (sometimes  written 
Nyx,  sometimes  Nicks)  as  far  back  as  the  early 
part  of  the  reign  of  our  third  George,  or,  in  other 
words,  about  thirty  years  prior  to  the  close  of  the 
eighteenth  century."— P.  283. 

Not  long  after  the  publication  of  this  book, 
we  find  the  expression  in  Edgar  Allan  Poe's 
'  Adventure  of  one  Hans  Pfaall,'  where  it  is 
written  : — 

"  At  twenty  minutes  before  nine  o'clock — that  is 
to  say,  a  short  time  prior  to  my  closing  up  the 
mouth  of  the  chamber— the  mercury  attained  its 
limit,  or  ran  down  in  the  barometer,  which,  as  I 
mentioned  before,  was  one  of  an  extended  con- 
struction." 

Mr.  Augustine  Birrell  is  a  great  admirer  of 
Cardinal  Newman's  style,  and  has  perhaps 
been  led  to  adopt  the  phrase  after  reading 
the  'Apologia  pro  Vita  Sua,'  which  appeared 
in  1864.  But  I  hope  I  shall  be  excused  if  I 
say  that  that  famous  work  would  have  been 


116 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.          [io*  s.  i.  FEB.  e, 


better    than  it  is,  did^  it  not  contain  two 
examples  of  this  faulty'locution  : — 

"  In  my  University  Sermons  there  is  a  series  of 
discussions  upon  the  subject  of  Faith  and  Reason  ; 
these  again  were  the  tentative  commencement  of  a 
grave  and  necessary  work,  viz.,  an  inquiry  into  the 
ultimate  basis  of  religious  faith,  prior  to  the  dis- 
tinction into  Creeds." — P.  73  (Longmans,  1890). 

"  It  seemed  to  me  as  if  he  [Keble]  ever  felt 
happier,  when  he  could  speak  or  act  under  some 
such  primary  or  external  sanction ;  and  could  use 
argument  mainly  as  a  means  of  recommending  or 
explaining  what  had  claims  on  his  reception  prior 
to  proof."— P.  290. 

I  doubt  whether  this  expression  occurs  in 
Newman's  earlier  writings,  and  excuse  it 
here  on  the  score  of  haste  and  age,  for  he  was 
over  sixty  when  the  'Apologia'  was  com- 
posed in  a  few  weeks,  and  doubtless  was  more 
absorbed  in  his  matter  than  in  his  language. 
Since  the  publication  of  this  book,  "prior  to" 
has  become  the  darling  of  the  minor  writers 
of  the  press,  who  scorn  the  homely  word 
before,  bequeathed  to  us  by  our  fathers. 
Hence  we  are  told  that  "  Mr.  Chamberlain  is 
spending  his  vacation,  prior  to  entering  upon 
his  promised  campaign  in  the  autumn,  at  his 
residence,  Highbury." 

I  quote  from  a  provincial  newspaper  in 
which  I  have  read  the  quotidian  history  of 
the  world  during  the  last  twenty-five  years. 
But  I  have  seen  the  phrase  in  the  Athenceum, 
and  more  than  once,  korresco  referens  I  in 
'N.  &  Q.,'  but  not  used  editorially,  so  to 
speak,  in  either  case.  It  is  rampant,  saltant, 
visible,  audible  everywhere.  Over  the  shop- 
front  is  the  epigraph,  "  Great  Sale  prior  to 
Removal,"  or,  perhaps,  "Genuine  Sale  pre 
vious  to  retiring  from  Business."  Edwin  say; 
to  Angelina,  "Dearest,  prior  to  our  being 
married  we  ,must  have  our  house  in  apple 
pie  order,"  and  the  fond  creature,  whos< 
knowledge  of  grammar  is  scanty,  smiles 
approval,  and  is  proud  of  her  lover,  who  if 
going  to  bear  all  the  expense  without  trou 
bling  her  old  father,  who  has  other  daughter 
besides  herself.  Therefore  she  accepts  anc 
adopts  "  prior  to  "  as  the  equivalent  of  before 
and  in  due  course,  after  (posterior  to)  the 
ceremony,  when  her  pretty  babe  is  cooing  or 
her  knee,  she  will  try  to  make  it  utter,  "semi 
hiante  labello,"  what  cannot  be  called  swear 
ing,  but  is  certainly  "  bad  language."  An 
so  it  comes  to  pass  that  violations  of  gram 
mar,  which  a  servile  spirit  of  imitation 
adopts,  at  last  supersede  proper  and  idiomati 
forms  of  expression  (Marsh's  '  Lectures  on  th 
English  Language,'  London,  1863,  p.  460). 

MR.  JAMES  PLATT  in  his  admirable  note 
in  these  pages  shows  how  we  have  borrowec 
words  from  every  tribe  and  people,  which 


ailing  into  the  stream  of  our  speech,  have 
ieen  polished  and  rounded  and  made  a  part 
,f  its  bed  ;  but  these  ugly  neologisms  float 
>n  the  surface  like  "  snags  "  on  the  Mississippi^ 

0  which   the   wary  boatman  gives  a  wide    ' 
jerth,  for  he  knows  they  are  dangerous. 

JOHN  T.  CURRY. 

FROST  AND  ITS  FORMS  (10th  S.  i.  67). — As 
VI.  L.  B.  has  fruitlessly  searched  many 
volumes,  one  is  tempted  to  suggest  a  refer- 
ence being  made  to  the  remarks  on  frosfc 
"orms  by  the  late  James  Glaisher,  F.R.S., 
also  those  by  M.  Guillemin  in  his  (two) 
works  on  the  forces  of  nature,  and  to  the 
Proceedings  of  the  Royal  Meteorological 
Society  (of  which  an  index  volume  exists). 

R.  B. 

Upton. 

The  beauty  of  the  frosted  pane  is  due  to 
the  predominant  form  of  the  ice-crystals 
deposited.  Why  that  should  be  hexagonal 
is  naturally  beyond  human  ken  ;  but,  given 
minute  crystals,  their  electrical  properties 
are  assumed  to  account  for  their  method  of 
growth.  The  frond-like  appearance  is,  of 
course,  not  unique.  It  may  be  imitated  by 
evaporating  some  solutions,  and  this  opera- 
tion, when  watched  under  the  microscope,  is 
full  of  interest,  for  the  curious  deliberation 
and  method  evinced,  and  the  plant-like  forms 
which  frequently  result,  lend  the  process,  in 
many  cases,  a  most  deceptive  air  of  being 
organic.  J.  DORMER. 

CAPSICUM  (9th  S.  xii.  449 ;  10th  S.  i.  73). 
—  MAJOR  THORNE  GEORGE  says :  "  Surely 
'  chillies '  and  the  powder  produced  by  crush- 
ing the  dried  pods  were  known  to  Rome  in 
the  time  of  the  Csesars,"  but  unfortunately 
he  does  not  state  under  what  name.  Accord- 
ing to  all  botanists  the  Capsicum  annuum 
was  unknown  in  Europe  before  the  discovery 
of  America  ;  but  I  am  open  to  conviction. 

L.  L.  K. 

EUCHRE  (9th  S.  xii.  484;  10th  S.  i.  13,  .77).— 

1  must  knock  another  imaginary  derivation 
on  the  head.     The  joker  is  not  used  in  the 
game  of  euchre  (which  is  correctly  described 
in  the  '  H.E.D.'),  but  only  in  a  particular 
variation,  which  was  certainly  not  invented 
till  after  1870,  or  perhaps  even  1875.    The 
employment  of  an  extra  card  as  a  master 
card  appears  to  have  been  introduced  about 
the  same  time  into  the  game  of  poker,  but 
in  neither  game  was  it  first  known  as  the 
joker.    In  euchre  it  was  called  "  the  imperial 
trump"  or   "the  best    bower";    in  poker, 
"mistigris."    The  card  used  was  the  blank 


10*  s.  i.  FEB.  e,  1904.]          NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


117 


card  which  accompanied  a  pack  of  cards, 
and  I  have  always  understood  that  a  firm 
of  American  cardmakers,  finding  that  their 
customers  made  use  of  the  blank  card  instead 
of  immediately  throwing  it  away,  imprinted 
thereon  their  device  of  a  jester,  and  from 
this  circumstance  the  card  came  to  be  known 
as  the  joker.  I  cannot  find  any  reference 
to  the  wordier  before  1880.  I  remember 
being  shown  such  cards  as  a  novelty  about 
1878.  F.  JESSEL. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  4o. 

The  Works  of  Thomas  Nashe.    Edited  by  Ronald 

B.  McKerrow.  Vol.  I.  (Bullen.) 
A  BOOK  to  the  student  of  Tudor  literature  greater 
than  a  reissue  of  the  works  of  Thomas  Nashe  is 
scarcely  to  be  hoped  until  Mr.  Bullen  gives  us  his 
long-meditated  and  long-postponed  edition  of  Beau- 
mont and  Fletcher.  Though  not  to  be  counted 
among  the  most  potent  spirits  of  the  Elizabethan 
epoch,  Nashe  is  an  interesting  and,  considering  his 
brief  life,  a  fairly  voluminous  writer,  and  is  closely 
connected  with  the  literary  development  of  his 
period.  Best  known  as  a  controversialist  and 
satirist,  he  is  entitled  to  a  place  among  poets  and 
dramatists,  and  is  one  of  the  most  vivacious  chro- 
niclers of  the  follies  and  fantasies  of  his  day.  In 
their  original  shape  his  works  are  all  rare  and 
costly.  Some  of  them  have  been  reprinted  in  more 
or  less  expensive  forms.  Others  are  included  in 
the  publications  of  the  first  Shakespeare  Society 
and  in  the  eminently  valuable  and  scholarly  col- 
lections of  Prof.  Arber.  In  the  "  Huth  Library," 
meantime,  Dr.  Grosart  gave  the  whole  of  Nashe's 
works  that  could,  in  his  judgment,  be  set  before  a 
modern  public.  Like  almost  all  Grosart's  pub- 
lications, the  issue  of  Nashe  was  in  a  very  limited 
edition,  and  is  seldom  to  be  found  except  in  im- 
portant libraries.  It  occupies  six  volumes,  and  is, 
as  we  can  abundantly  testify,  a  work  of  much 
interest. 

The  present  handsome  and  attractive  reprint  wil 
be  in  four  volumes,  of  \yhich  three  will  be  occupied 
by  text,  with  the  addition  of  prefatory  notes  chiefly 
bibliographical,  while  the  fourth  will  be  occupiec 
with  a  memoir,  notes,  and  a  glossary,  the  last  namec 


jublic  or  private  libraries.  Nothing  that  can  con- 
•ribute  to  the  advantage  or  delight  of  the  reader  is 
wanting,  and  the  edition  seems  m  everyway  prefer- 
able to  that  of  Grosart.  Where  we  have  compared 
;he  texts  we  find  them  word  for  word  and  letter  for 
etter  the  same,  except  that  in  the  edition  now 
issued  the  short  is  substituted  for  the  long  s  of  early 
printing,  so  apt  to  be  confounded  with  the/.  What 
will  be  the  contents  of  subsequent  volumes  we  know 
not  as  yet.  '  Martin's  Month's  Minde '  is  rejected 
as  presumably  not  by  Nashe.  We  may  also  assume 
that  the  kriiptadia,  still  in  manuscript,  which  Nashe 
wrote  for  the  delight  of  the  young  rufSers  of  the 
Court  and  for  the  filling  of  his  own  very  ill-garnished 
pockets,  will  not  be  printed.  Mr.  McKerrow's 
task,  so  far  as  it  is  accomplished,  is  admirably  dis- 
charged. The  most  important  portion  of  it  has  yet 
to  be  awaited. 

Memorials  of  Old  Oxfordshire.    Edited  by  P.  H. 

Ditchfield.  (Bemrose  &  Sons.) 
THE  editor  is  fortunate  in  his  county  and,  on  the 
whole,  in  his  coadjutors  in  this  volume.  Apart 
from  the  glories  of  Oxford  itself,  the  theme  is 
spacious,  and  the  more  remote  regions  described 
may  be  said  to  have  been  but  recently  discovered 
as  far  as  modern  literature  is  concerned,  or,  at  any 
rate,  to  have  been  revived  with  the  enthusiasm 
which  they  merit.  Mr.  Ditchfield  opens  his  volume 
with  a  summary  of  '  Historic  Oxfordshire,'  which, 
though  brief,  shows  considerable  accomplishment. 
The  next  paper,  however,  by  Mr.  A.  J.  Evans,  on 
'  The  Rollright  Stones  and  their  Folk-lore,'  is  the 
most  striking  in  the  volume,  and  well  worth  perusal. 
Mr.  Evans  has  made  careful  research  in  the  neigh- 
bouring villages,  for  the  stones  themselves  stand 
in  solitude  on  a  hPl,  and  gathered  from  Long 
Compton,  and  Great  and  Little  Rollright,  a  body  of 
remarkable  tradition,  which  is  fast  dying  put  in 
consequence  of  increased  facilities  for  going  to 
London  and  other  ;populous,  but  less  romantic 
spots.  Outside  the  main  circle  of  stones,  which 
has  been  of  recent  years  encumbered  with  an  iron 
railing,  there  stands,  on  the  other  side  of  an  ancient 
road,  a  single  stone  called  "  the  King."  This 
monarch  was  nearly  in  view  of  Long  Compton, 
according  to  tradition  and  Mr.  Evans,  when  a  witch 
(it  was  always  Mother  Shipton  in  the  version  we 
heard)  said  to  him  : — 

If  Long  Compton  thou  canst  see, 
King  of  England  thou  shalt  be. 

But  he  failed  to  reach  the  necessary  point  on  the 
hill,  and  with  all  his  men  and  the  Queen — which  is, 


TV  J.U1L   ««    •••*«»•*»•»  j    *iwuv.fcjj    uuv*.    \M    |uw  jvt*.  j  ,     VMM  »          Hill  y    Gill  VI     TT  1U1J.    C*ll.    11 1O    lll\sl-l    CbUU.     VUV    V^Ut^Ll »»  111  V 11    1O  j 

indispensable  in  the  case  of  Nashe.    Beginning  with    we  may  add,  the  local  title  of  the  biggest  stone  of 
'  '  — 


'The  Anatomie  of  Absurditie,'  the  first  volume 
contains  '  A  Covntercvffe  given  to  Martin  Jvnior,' 
'  The  Retvrne  of  Pasqvill,' '  The  First  Parte  of  Pas- 
•qvil's  Applogie,'  '  Pierce  Penilesse,  his  Svpplication 
to  the  Divell,'  'Strange  Newes,'  <fec.,  and  'The 
Terrors  of  the  Night.'  Many  of  these  belong  to  the 
famous  Martin  Marprelate  controversy.  '  Pierce 
Penilesse '  is,  perhaps,  the  best  known  of  Nashe's 
works,  and  is  full  of  autobiographical  revelations. 
There  are,  indeed,  few  works  of  the  writer  that  do 
not  reveal  the  abject  state  in  which  he  lived,  bowed 
•down  by  poverty  and  disease,  and  unable  to  pre- 
serve the  esteem  or  patronage  of  those  whom  his 
wit  attracted. 
The  edition  is  in  all  respects  critical,  the  various 


the  circle  nearest  the  road — was  turned  to  stone. 
A  Long  Compton  man,  not  so  long  dead,  had  seen, 
he  used  to  say,  the  fairies  dance  round  the  King 
stone  ;  his  widow,  now  between  seventy  and  eighty, 
was  the  daughter  of  a  woman  who  was  murdered 
as  a  witch.  The  writer  of  these  lines  has  himself 
been  introduced  to  a  reputed  witch  (male,  as  in  old 
English)  in  a  neighbouring  parish,  but  the  chief 
reputation  of  this  man  was  apparently  due  to  the 
fact  that  he  had  made  a  little  money,  and,  oddly 
enough,  kept  it.  A  minor  poet  put  this  district 
into  fashion  for  a  while,  as  if  it  was  all  that  was 
most  charming.  So  it  is,  in  a  way ;  yet  it  has 
disadvantages.  We  recall  the  parson  who  said  of 
his  damp  vicarage,  rather  ruefully :  "  Oh,  yes  !  it  is 




readings  being  supplied  at  the  foot  of  the  page,  and  \  a  nice  place,  except  that  moss  will  grow  on  the 
facsimile  lithographs  being  given  from   copies  in    front  stairs."    It  is  a  bleak  district,  but  offers  a 


118 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [10*  s.  i.  FEB.  6,  im. 


peculiar  attraction  in  its  mixture  of  grey  ston 
walls  and  green  hedges,  which  has,  we  think 
hitherto  escaped  the  notice  of  chroniclers.  Mr 
Evans  offers  abundant  evidence  of  the  sacred — o 
perhaps  we  should  say  magic — quality  of  the  stones 
They  are  said  to  resist  efforts  to  carry  them  awaj 
for  use  elsewhere.  They  ate,  however,  much  de 
cayed  since  the  time  of  the  older  pictures  of  them 
and  in  many  case,s  have  fallen  down  into  indistinc 
masses.  This  has  led  to  a  piece  of  folk-lore,  whicl 
Mr.  Evans  does  not  mention,  that  any  one  whc 
goes  round  the  circle  and  makes  the  number  of  the 
stones  the  same  thrice  can  have  any  wish  he  ha 
thought  of.  Besides  this  main  circle,  which  i 
clearly  of  the  same  character  as  Stonehenge,  thert 
are  in  a  neighbouring  field  remains  of  a  dolmen 
known  as  the  "  Whispering  Knights"  and  a  serie 
of  little  stones  leading  down  the  hill  to  the  ok 
coach  road.  Speculation  as  to  the  builders  of  these 
monuments  seems  futile  ;  but  Mr.  Evans  has  glossec 
the  word  "Bollright"  as  the  rule  of  Roland,  thus 
connecting  the  stones  with  similar  continenta 
monuments  which  acquired  the  name  of  Roland.  No 
traces  of  interment  were,  apparently,  found  by  the 
excavators  who  dug  inside  the  circle  two  centuries 
since,  but  Mr.  Evans  is  probably  right  in  thinking 
that  it  was  a  burial-place.  He  does  not  mention 
the  fact,  but  local  and  oral  tradition  speaks  oi 
skeletons  as  found  here. 

The  county  abounds  in  many  other  features  of 
historic  interest,  places  such  as  Ewelme,  Burford, 
and  Edgehill  offering  material  for  good  chapters. 
Mr.  Walter  Money  is  more  sanguine  as  to  realizing 
the  plan  of  battle  at  the  last  spot  than  we  have 
been  when  we  stood  there,  for  the  luxuriant  growth 
of  trees  now  venerable,  but  not  extant  in  Prince 
Rupert's  day,  has  altered  the  appearance  of  the 
ground. 

Mr.  T.  A.  Cook  is  a  little  disappointing  on  '  The 
Rise  of  the  Colleges  at  Oxford,'  and  we  think  a 
writer  with  more  expert  knowledge,  rather  than 
a  compiler,  should  have  been  secured  by  the  editor. 
'  Town  and  Gown  at  Oxford,'  by  B.  J.  Stapleton,  is 
more  learned,  but  ends  with  a  Latin  misprint  in  a 
familiar  quotation. 

The  illustrations  in  the  volume,  which  are  well 
executed,  include  pictures  of  Broughton  Castle, 
Blenheim  Palace,  and  Ewelme  Church,  besides 
many  other  notable  relics  of  history.  There  are 
accounts  of  several  old  places  and  churches.  We 
have,  in  fact,  only  touched  on  one  or  two  articles  in 
this  highly  interesting  volume,  which,  though  occa- 
sionally careless  in  style,  ought  to  attract  a  wide 
circle  of  readers,  and  possibly  an  increasing  amount 
of  visitors  to  remote  Oxfordshire,  which  is  not  far 
from  Stratford,  and  still  holds  some  of  Shake- 
speare's dialect.  There  is  much  to  see,  and  no  one, 
if  he  takes  things  the  right  way,  which  is  not  the 
way  of  the  "  hustler,"  need  find  himself  regarded  as 
a  "furriner,"  and  floored  by  the  shrewd  display  of 
ignorance  which  the  town-bred  take  for  stupidity. 

Kings  Letters,  from  the  Days  of  Alfred  to  the 
Accession  of  the  Tudors.  Newly  edited  by  Robert 
bteele.  (Moring.) 

To  the  "  King's  Classics,"  issued  from  the  De  La 
More  Press,  has  been  added  a  carefully  edited 
volume  comprising  a  selection  of  the  private  letters 
of  English  kings,  written  chiefly  during  the  three 
hundred  years  of  the  Plantagenet  monarchs.  It 
was  at  first  intended  to  reprint  Halliwell's  '  Letters 
of  the  Kings  of  England.'  These  were  found  to  be 


at  once  inadequate  and  unrepresentative,  and  the 
conduct  of  the  scheme  has  accordingly  been  altered 
and  improved.  Many  of  the  letters  are  illuminatory 
and  valuable,  and  the  book  constitutes  an  important 
contribution  to  historical  knowledge. 

The  British  Journal  of  Psychology.  Edited  by 
James  Ward  and  W.  H.  R.  Rivers.  Vol.  i. 
Part  I.  (Cambridge,  University  Press.) 
PHILOSOPHY  is  sometimes  accused  with  reason  of 
being  out  of  touch  with  life  ;  psychology  in  its 
modern  developments  is  a  study  of  paramount 
importance  which  is  yielding  interesting  results 
every  day  concerning  practical  life.  Dr.  Ward, 
whose  masterly  book  on  Agnosticism  will  be  known 
to  most  readers,  has  secured  an  able  band  of 
coadjutors,  and  we  are  glad  that  this  country  can 
at  last  boast  of  a  journal  which  is  the  eighth  of  its 
kind  in  the  last  fifteen  years,  but  the  first  to  appear 
in  England.  In  the  present  part  Dr.  Ward  writes 
on  '  The  Definition  of  Psychology,'  and  two  papers 
are  concerned  with  sensations  of  the  eye. 

THE  February  number  of  i\ie  Burlington  Magazine, 
issued  from  17,  Berners  Street,  under  the  editorship 
of  Messrs.  C.  J.  Holmes  and  Robert  Dell,  contains 
some  new  features.  What  seems  to  be  the  most 
striking  is  the  appearance  of  a  finely  coloured 
reproduction  of  a  miniature  by  Drouais  (there  were 
three  of  the  name :  this  is  presumably  Hubert), 
giving  portraits  of  the  Marquis  and  Marquise  de 
Beauharnais,  with  a  black  youth  who  holds  up  the 
picture,  and  a  man,  presumably  the  painter,  who 
uncovers  it.  A  second  work  by  the  same  painter  is 
the  picture  of  the  son  of  the  Marquis  at  the  age 
of  ten.  Both  pictures  are  marvels.  A  desire  is 
at  length  granted,  on  which  we  expressed  from 
the  first,  and  the  huge  wedges  of  text  of 
which  we  complained  are  broken  up.  The  frontis- 
oiece  consists  of  a  portrait  by  Romney  of  Jane, 
Duchess  of  Gordon.  Mr.  Claude  Phillips  writes  on 
'  A  Bronze  Relief  in  the  Wallace  Collection,'  and 
VIr.  C.  H.  Wylde  on  the  '  Jerningham  Collection  of 
English  Glass.'  The  illustrations  to  these  and  other 
articles  are  of  singular  beauty. 

A  PROPORTION  much  larger  than  usual  of  the 
Fortnightly  is  devoted  this  month  to  literary  and 
artistic  subjects.  The  first  article,  which  bears  a 
"ong  list  of  signatures,  is  occupied  with  an  appeal 
n  favour  of  help  for  the  British  stage.  This  is  well 
meant,  but  nothing  short  of  a  revolution  in  our 
theatrical  system  will  work  any  solid  gain.  Mr. 
F.  Hall  gives  extracts  on  English  subjects  fron> 
Napoleon's  note-books.  Mr.  Arthur  Waugh  writes 
an  George  Gissing,  and  Mr.  Francis  Gribble  on 
Eugene  Sue.  In  its  closing  pages  the  last-named 
article  deals  with  the  Jesuits.  Le  Comte  de  Se"gur 
elects  for  comment  three  French  novels  of  recent 
)irth.  Mr.  William  Watson  bewails  '  The  State- 
)iscouragement  of  Literature,'  a  thing  for  which 
writers  are  themselves  partly  to  blame.  Mr. 
Alfred  R.  Wallace  prints  '  Leonaine,'  a  poem 
litherto  unpublished  of  Poe,  and  Mr.  Stephen 

wynn  writes  on  '  The  Life  of  a  Song.'  —  In  the 
Nineteenth  Century  Mr.  Herbert  Paul,  in  his 

Religion  of  the  Greeks,'  takes  for  text  the  recently 
>ublished  '  Prolegomena  to  the  Study  of  the  Greek 
Religion  '  of  Miss  Harrison  (Cambridge  University 
3ress).  What  he  says  is  both  important  and  well 
aid,  though  the  article  as  a  whole  is  discursive. 
A  Forgotten  Volume  in  Shakspeare's  Library*' 


10*  s.i.  FEB.  6, 1904.]          NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


119 


by  Sir  Edward  Sullivan,  points  out  the  resem- 
blance between  thoughts  in  Shakespeare  and 
George  Pettie's  translation  from  the  Italian, 
through  the  French,  of  what  is  called  in  English 
*  The  Civile  Conversation  of  M.  Steuen  Guazzo.' 
The  resemblance  between  passages  in  this  book, 
•which  appeared  in  1581,  and  others  in  '  Hamlet '  is 
striking,  and  Sir  Edward  may  claim  to  have 
directed  the  attention  of  Shakespearian  scholars  to 
suggested  coincidences  of  thought.  In  '  Sermons 
and  Samuel  Pepys '  the  essayist  maintains  that 
Pepys  was  at  heart  a  Puritan.— In  the  Pall  Mall 
Mr.  Rimbault  Dibdin  writes  '  Pictures  and  the 
Public,'  accompanying  his  contribution  with  repro- 
ductions of  photographs.  Mr.  Begbie  studies  Mr. 
G.  F.  Watts  under  'Master  Workers.'  A  portrait 
and  an  autograph  accompany  the  paper.  '  How 
and  Why  Animals  are  Coloured'  is  on  a  popular 
subject  and  is  well  illustrated.  'Literary  Geo- 

¥-aphy '    is    concerned    with    Thackeray.       '  The 
aming  of  Garden   Birds '   is  pleasant  and  sym- 
pathetic.—'Some   Gardens   in   Spain,'  by  Helena 
Kutherfurd  Ely,  which  appears  in  Scribner,  has  a 
pleasing  atmosphere  both    as  regards   letterpress 
and  illustrations.    A  portrait  of  Tommaso  Salvini, 
accompanying  a  sketch  of  his  life,  shows  the  artist 
naturally  as  something  of  a  veteran.     Mrs.  George 
Bancroft's  letters    from    England    are  continued, 
as  is  Capt.  Mahan's  '  War  of  1812.'    Mr.  Spielmann 
writes  on  'Charles  Keene  as  an  Etcher,' and  Mr. 
T.  R.  Sullivan  on   'The   Centenary  of    Alfieri.'— 
'  Some  Empty  Chairs,'  contributed  by  Mr.  H.  W. 
Lucy  to  the  Cornhill,  is  at  the  outset  not  political, 
but  literary,  and  is  occupied  with  William  Black, 
George  Augustus  Sala,  James  Payn,  and  Sir  J.  R. 
Robinson.    In  later  passages  he  deplores,  in  common 
with  others,  the  death  of  genial  John  Penn  and  of 
Sir  Blundell  Maple,  both  of  the  House  of  Commons, 
and  Lord  Rowton,  whose  place  is  not  yet  filled, 
and  whose    task,  from  which   he    shrank,   is    not 
accomplished.     In    No.    II.    of    '  Historical   Mys- 
teries   Mr.  Lang  deals  with  'The  Campden  Mys- 
tery,' concerning  which  little  is  generally  known. 
Mr.  Fairman  Ordish  writes  on  'The  Improvement 
of  Westminster,'  Mr.  Foxwell  on  '  Among  Japanese 
Hills,'  and  Prof.   Tout  on  Theodor  Mommsen. — 
Mr.  Holden  MacMichael  sends  to  the  Gentleman's 
'  On  the  Reign  of  the  Gin  Terror,'  and  Mr.  A.  L. 
Salmon  '  Some  Folk-lore  Jottings,'  in  which  the 
writer  dilates  on  water-spirits  and  mouse  myths. 
'  Gossip  in  the  Sussex  Oberland '  is  likely  also  to 
interest  our  readers.  —  'The  Swimming  Power  ol 
Animals,'  which  appears  in  Longman's,  is  a  fresh 
subject  freshly  treated.    In  'At  the  Sign  of  the 
Ship  :  Mr.  Lang  writes  with  customary  brightness 
on  many  subjects,   including    the  discomforts   he 
suffers  from  the  doubles,  trebles,  &c.,  with  whon 
he  seems  to  be  afflicted. 


BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES. 
THE  catalogues  received  since  our  last  notice 
include  two  from  Mr.  Blackwell,  of  Oxford,  wh 
has  a  large  assortment  of  books  under  Topography 
Music  is  also  a  prominent  feature.  Clementi' 
'  Selection  for  the  Organ  and  Pianoforte,'  4  vols.  ii 
2,  is  offered  for  30s. ;  Hawkins's  '  History,'  5  vols 
4to,  1776,  SI  7s.  6d.;  Purcell's  'Selection  for  th 
Harpsichord,'  8/.  8*.  There  are  many  volumes  o 
instrumental  music  of  the  eighteenth  century.  In 
the  general  list  are  Palgrave's  '  English  Common 
wealth,'  57.  10s.  ;  the  Library  Edition  of  Motley,  i 


vols. ;  Visconti's  '  Iconographie  Ancienne,'  7  vols. 
tlas  folio,  1808-26 ;  Wiclif  Society  Publications  ; 
abrary  of  the  Fathers,  Oxford,  1843,  40  vols.  ;  and 
cottish  History  Society  issues.  Under  America  we 
nd  Morton's  '  Crania  Americana,'  with  ten  extra 
lates,  Philadelphia,  1839. 

Mr.  Dobell's  February  catalogue  consists  wholly 
f  MS.  works,  documents,  and  autograph  letters, 
nd  our  old  friend  says :  "  I  trust  that  I  shall  receive 
ufficient  encouragement  from  this  experiment  to/ 
nduce  me  to  issue  similar  catalogues  from  time  to 
ime."  We  cordially  join  with  him  in  this  wish, 
specially  if  future  catalogues  are  to  be  so  full  of 
nterest  as  the  present  one.  It  opens  with  the 
original  autograph  manuscript  of  Dr.  Joseph 
Jeaumont's  poems,  unpublished.  This  is  priced  at 
»/.  There  is  also  an  original  autograph  signature 
)f  William  Herbert,  Earl  of  Pembroke,  "by  some 
:ommentators  believed  to  be  the  W.  H.  of  Shake- 
peare's  Sonnets."  The  catalogue  includes  MSS. 
rom  the  Sneyd  collection  just  dispersed  at 
Sotheby's. 

Mr.   G.   Gregory,  of  Bath,  sends  Catalogue  157, 

collection  of  books  in  new  condition,  and  Cata- 
ogue  158,  coloured  prints  and  engravings.  The  books 
nclude  Cansick's  '  Epitaphs ' ;  '  English  Coronation 
Records,'  by  Legg,  only  500  copies  printed  ;  Elvin's 
War  Medals,'  valuable  for  medal  collectors  ;  Elli- 
son's '  Etchings  of  Bath,'  Chiswick  Press  ;  Foster's 
Oxford  Men  and  their  Colleges  ' ;  Charles  Gould's 
Mythical  Monsters ' ;  Dr.  Guest's  '  Origines 
Jelticse' ;  Richards's  '  Her  Majesty's  Army,'  3  vols., 
tto ;  '  Ancient  Topography  of  London,'  royal  4to, 
1810-15 ;  Mayo's  '  Medals  of  the  Army  and  Navy ' ;. 

Paget  Papers ' ;  and  Spenser's  '  Faerie  Queene,' 
1897.  The  last  contains  'Bibliography'  by  Thomas 
J.  Wise. 

Mr.  Iredale,  of  Torquay,  has  the  first  edition  of 
'  The  Newcomes,'  the  24  numbers  in  original  covers  ; 
Scott's  '  Border  Antiquities,'  1814,  2  vols.  folio  j 
"Breeches"  Bible,  or  Genevan  version,  1599,  a 
perfect  copy,  51.  5s.;  'Speaker's  Commentary,' 
13  vols.,  11.  10$.  ;  Marshall's  'Naval  Biography,' 
12  vols. ,  1760-1830 ;  set  of  Illustrated  News,  1842-1902, 
\8l.  18s.  There  are  a  number  of  books  under 
Devon,  including  Prince's  '  Worthies  of  Devon,' 
1701,  "wherein  the  lives  and  fortunes  of  the  most 
famous  natives  of  that  most  noble  Province  are 
memoriz'd."  To  those  interested  in  Quaker  litera- 
ture Mr.  Iredale  offers  to  send  a  written  list  of 
books  he  has,  some  of  the  seventeenth  century. 

Messrs.  Parsons  &  Sons,  of  Brompton  Road,  have 
a  most  interesting  catalogue  of  engraved  portraits 
of  actors,  actresses,  and  musical  celebrities. 

Mr.  Russell  Smith's  list  is  strong  in  bibliography, 
astrology,  and  witchcraft ;  he  has  also  a  number 
of  Speed's  early  maps  of  the  English  counties  at 
5s.  each.  Among  his  Shakespeare  reference  books 
are  West's  '  Symboleography,'  thick  4to,  black- 
letter,  old  calf,  1605,  4£.  4s. ,  and  the  '  Lawes  Reso- 
lutions of  Womens  Rights,'  1632.  Under  Biblio- 
graphy are  some  valuable  sale  catalogues,  including 
that  of  Isaac  Reed,  thirty-nine  days'  sale,  1807; 
in  this  the  prices  are  given.  The  copy  of  the 
facsimile  reprint  of  Inigo  Jones's  '  Sketch-Book,'~ 
1614,  presented  by  the  Duke  of  Devonshire  to 
Archbishop  Wrangham,  is  offered  at  67.  10s.  Only 
100  copies  of  this  were  printed  for  presents,  date 
about  1830.  Augustine's  'The  Glasse  of  Vaine- 
Glorie,'  translated  by  W.  P.  (Wm.  Prideaux), 


120 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io*  a.  i.  FEB.  e»  UM. 


12mo,  first  edition,  new  morocco  extra,  John 
Windet,  1585,  is  priced  41.  4s.  Mr.  Smith  states  that 
only  three  copies  are  known,  one  of  which  is  in  the 
British  Museum. 

Mr.  Sutton,  of  Manchester,  sends  us  an  advance 
copy  of  his  new  catalogue,  which  he  devotes  to 
Shakespeare  and  the  drama.  Among  the  contents 
are  the  collection  of  twenty-seven  fine  engraved 
portraits  of  Shakespeare  brought  together  by  the 
late  T.  Birchall,  the  price  being  11.  10s. ;  '  Shake- 
speare, Life  and  Works,'  edited  By  Charles  Knight, 
2  vols.  extended  to  25  by  the  insertion  of  3,000  extra 
illustrations,  price  150£.  (the  cost  of  the  prints  and 
binding  amounted  to  320/.) ;  Shakespeare  Quarto 
Facsimiles,  issued  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  F.  J. 
Furnivall,  1881-91 ;  '  Shakespeareana,'  a  collection  of 
20  vols.  brought  together  about  1845  by  Robert 
Balmanno,  of  the  Temple,  SI. ;  '  Memoirs  of 
Charles  Mathews,' 4  thick  vols.,  1838-9;  'Moliere,' 
Van  Laun's  translation ;  New  Shakspere  Society's 
Publications ;  and  Spenser  Society's  Publications. 
The  whole  catalogue  has  many  items  of  interest. 

Mr.  Thorp  issues  a  catalogue  from  St.  Martin's 
Lane,  a  list  of  books  of  general  literature.  Among 
them  we  notice  the  Spalding  Club  Publications, 
.38  vols.,  131.  10s. ;  Bruno  Ry  ves's  '  Mercurius  Rusti- 
cus,'  12mo,  original  vellum,  21.  2s.,  1647;  Cruikshank's 
'  The  Loving  Ballad  of  Lord  Bateman,'  the  first 
edition,  Tilt,  1839,  11.  In- ;  Cruikshank's  German 
stories,  first  edition,  181.  18s.  ;  a  collection  of  illus- 
trated books  of  the  sixties,  19  vols.;  Boydell's  prints, 
to  be  had  separately ;  '  Memoirs  of  the  Dutch 
Trade,'  showing  its  first  rise  and  prodigious  pro- 
gress, 1702,  price  30s. ;  early  Quaker  tracts  ;  and  a 
number  of  works  on  Emblems.  There  are  also 
.numerous  portraits. 

Mr.  Voynich's  short  catalogue  No.  6  has  just 
•reached  us.  Most  of  the  books  are  very  rare,  some 
of  them  not  in  the  British  Museum,  and  many  not 
mentioned  by  Lowndes.  Under  America  we  find 
Palafox's  '  Virtudes  del  Indio,'  being  an  appeal  to 
the  King  in  defence  of  the  Indians,  1650,  price  211., 
:and  Brerewood's  'Enquiries  touching  the  Diversity 
of  Languages  and  Religions  through  the  Chief  Parts 
-of  the  World,'  1655.  In  this  "  the  author  devotes  a 
portion  of  the  work  to  the  first  peopling  of  America." 
His  accounts  of  the  idolatries  in  America  are  very 
curious.  Under  Bibles  we  find  English,  Italian, 
and  Russian.  This  last  includes  the  third  edition 
•of  the  New  Testament,  published  by  the  Russian 
Bible  Society,  St.  Petersburg,  1822,  permission  having 
been  granted  to  translate  the  New  Testament  into 
Russian  in  1818.  Shortly  after  this  third  edition 
the  Society  was  suppressed.  There  are  some  beau- 
tiful bindings  offered,  one  a  work  of  Venetian  art — 
Venice,  end  of  sixteenth  century,  35Z.  There  are 
also  French,  German,  Italian,  Flemish,  and,  what 
are  seldom  obtainable,  Mexican  specimens.  Another 
item  is  a  block  book,  'Biblia  Pauperum,'20  guineas. 
Until  lately  this  block  book  was  supposed  to  be  the 
only  one  produced  in  Italy,  but  it  is  now  known 
there  is  another  in  a  private  library.  A  copy  of 
Mrs.  Aphra  Behn's  'Abdelazer'  is  offered  for  18s., 
first  edition,  1677.  This  contains  the  well-known 
lyric,  'Love  in  Phantastique  Triumph  Sat.'  There 
is  also  a  copy  of  the  first  edition,  1651,  of  Wotton 
and  Walton's  'Reliquiae  Wottonianse. '  This  first 
edition,  edited  by  Walton,  contains  his  life  of 
Sir  Henry  Wotton.  The  first  English  edition  of 
Lavater,  1572,  is  priced  \5L  15s.  There  are 
treasures  to  be  found  under  various  headings, 


including  Dante,  Shakespeare,  Classics,  Italian 
Literature,  Incunabula,  Greek  Presses,  English 
History,  &c. 

Messrs.  Henry  Young  &  Sous,  of  Liverpool,  have 
many  valuable  books  in  their  February  catalogue. 
These  include  a  unique  set  of  '  Gil  Bias,'  containing 
28  plates  by  Monnet,  unlettered  proofs,  also  78 
original  drawings  by  a  French  artist  of  the  eigh- 
teenth century,  none  of  which  has  been  engraved, 
and  24  additional  plates,  4  vols.,  in  full  crimson 
morocco  by  Cape,  Paris,  1796  - 1801,  1051.  ;  King 
Edward  Vl.'s  Prayer  Book,  small  folio,  1549, 
75/.  ;  Book  of  Common  Prayer  for  Scotland,  1637, 
50/. ;  the  Salisbury  Missal,  1557,  501.  ;  Gough's 
'Sepulchral  Monuments,'  1786-96,  3  vols.,  35£. ; 
Charles  Lamb's  'Album  Verses,'  first  edition; 
Brayley's  '  London,'  4  vols.,  1829  ;  a  complete  set  of 
Turner  and  Stothard's  illustrations  to  Rogers's 
'  Poems ' ;  Turner's  '  Views  in  England  and  Wales ' ; 
the  'Liber  Studiorum,'  the  complete  series  of  71 
plates ;  and  Temminck  et  Laugier, '  Nouveau  Recueil 
de  Planches  Colorieesd'Oiseaux,'  5  vols.,  Paris,  1838, 
32/.  Some  '  Bargains  for  Book-collectors '  and  por- 
traits and  engravings  bring  this  interesting  cata- 
logue to  a  close. 


ia 

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121 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  13,  190L 


CONTENTS.-No.  7. 

NOTES  :—"Cockshuf,  time  "— Chauceriana,  121— Peg  Wof 
fington's  Letter—  "  One-ninth  Church,"  124—"  Back  an 
side  go  bare"— "Hooligan"— "  Chis wick  nightingales' 
— Moon  Folk-lore— Original  of  Esther  in  '  Bleak  House, 
125. 

QUERIES  :  —  "Diabread"  —  "Quice"  —  "Pannage  an 
tollage  " — "My  Lord  the  Sun" — Napoleon  at  St.  Helens 
—Edward  Young,  "  the  painter  of  ill-luck "— W.  R.  H 
Brown— F.  Kempland  — Epitaph  by  Shakespeare,  126— 
General  Stewart's  Portrait — Death-sequence  in  Sussex — 
Foscarinus— Football  on  Shrove  Tuesday— W.  Hawkins 
D.D.— Hundred  Courts— '  The  Children  of  the  Abbey '— 
Honour  of  Tutbury  —  Trial  of  Queen  Caroline  —  Roya 
Family— Reign  of  Terror— Marlborough  and  Shakespear 
— Potts  Family,  127— Dowdall's  '  Traditionary  Anecdote 
of  Shakespeare  '—Sicily,  128. 

REPLIES:—  Chasuble  at  Warrington  Church,  128— Raleigh's 
Head,  130— Privy  Council  under  James  I.— St.  Patrick  ai 
Orvieto,     131— Fitzhamon— Milestones,     132— Envelopes 
133 -Mundy— Pindar     Family,    134— "Kissed    hands"— 
Pamela,    135— Shakespeare's     "Virtue    of    necessity" — 
Sadler's  Wells    Play  alluded    to    by  Wordsworth,   136— 
"P.  P.,  Clerk  of  the  Parish  "—Snowball— St.  Bridget' 
Bower— Sir     John    Seymour's    ^Epitaph— Inscription    on 
James    II.'s    Statue —French    Miniature    Painter— Ash 
Place-name,  137— "Bisk" — Anatomie  Vivante— Salep,  138 

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Eev.  Canon  Ainger. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


"COCKSHUT  TIME." 

IT  is  remarkable  that  this  phrase,  which  i 
•well  known  to  mean  "  twilight,"  and  occur 
in  Shakespeare,   has    never    been    properly 
explained. 

The  account  in  '  H.E.D.'  says  :  "  From  cock 
and  shut ;  perhaps  the  time  when  poultry  go 
to  roost  and  are  shut  up  ;  though  some  think 
it  is  the  same  as  cockshoot,  and  refers  to  the 
time  when  woodcocks  '  shoot '  or  fly." 

The  account  in  Schmidt's  '  Shakespeare- 
Lexicon '  is:  "The  time  when  the  cockshut, 
that  is,  a  large  net  employed  to  catch  wood- 
cocks, used  to  be  spread  ;  or  the  time  when 
cocks  and  hens  go  to  roost ;  the  evening 
twilight." 

These  must  be  considered  together  with 
cockshoot,  well  defined  in  'H.E.D.'  as  "a 
broad  way  or  glade  in  a  wood,  through 
which  woodcocks,  &c.,  might  dart  or  '  shoot,' 
so  as  to  be  caught  by  nets  stretched  across 
the  opening."  To  which  is  well  and  justly 
added  (for  it  is  material)  that  "  the  state- 
ments that  the  net  itself  was  the  cockshoot, 
and  that  the  proper  spelling  is  cock-shut, 
appear  to  be  dictionary  blunders."  (No  quo- 
tations support  them.)  It  is  further  noted 
that  cockshoot  is  often  shortened  to  cockshot. 

A  little  consideration  of  all  the  quotations 
will,  I  think,  show  that  cockshot  and  cockshut 


are  both  mere  shortenings  of  cockshoot ;  in- 
deed, the  latter  is  the  nearer  of  the  two.  It 
is  not  in  the  least  degree  likely  that  two 
such  remarkable  words  as  cock  shoot  and  cock- 
shut  should  both  have  arisen  independently 
from  different  verbs.  The  verb  to  shut  has 
no  place  here  ;  nor  is  there  anything,  in  any 
example,  to  support  the  idea  of  cocks  (why 
not  hens  rather  ])  going  to  roost. 

This  is  as  good  as  proved  by  the  fact  that 
Middleton,  in  his  'Widow,'  Act  III.  sc.  i., 
has  "  a  fine  cockshoot  evening  "  with  reference 
to  the  time  of  day,  where  he  ought,  by  the 
false  theory,  to  have  said  cockshut.  And 
again,  H.  Kingsley  calls  the  dusk  by  the 
name  of  cockshot  time.  Hence  all  three  forms 
denote  but  one  word. 

Surely  it  is  clear  that  cockshoot  time  was 
simply  the  time  when  the  cockshoots  were 
utilized  ;  and  that  is  the  whole  of  it.  The 
cockshoots  were  not  nets,  but  glades.  The 
glades  were  left  to  set  nets  in.  And,  when 
it  grew  dusk,  the  nets  (called  cock  shoot-nets) 
were  set.  Not  even  a  woodcock  would  have 
been  caught  in  a  net  at  midday,  when  the 
danger  was  visible. 

See  some  most  interesting  remarks  in 
Newton's  '  Dictionary  of  Birds,'  where  men- 
tion is  also  made  of  a  cock-road,  an  equiva- 
lent term  to  cock-shoot,  meaning,  of  course,  a 
road  or  direction  which  the  woodcock  often 
takes,  and  derived  (as  in  '  H.E.D.')  from 
road,  as  is  suggested  also  in  Newton's  note, 
where  he  rejects  two  bad  shots  at  its  origin 
which  he  quotes.  Prof.  Newton  also  quotes, 
from  a  book  written  in  1602,  a  passage  which 
makes  the  whole  clear  enough,  to  the  follow- 
ing effect.  Woodcocks  are  described  as  being 
"  taken  in  cock-shoote  tyme,  as  yt  is  tearmed, 
which  is  the  twylight,  when  yt  ys  no  strange 
thinge  to  take  a  hundred  or  sixe  score  in  one 
woodd  in  twenty-four  houres."  It  is  added 
:hat  "  another  MS.  speaks  of  one  wood  having 
13  cock-shots."  See  '  Diet,  of  Birds,'  p.  1044. 
I  cannot  help  thinking  that  if  guessers 
md  refrained  from  mixing  up  the  matter 
with  the  verb  to  shut,  absurdly  explained  as 
'going  to  roost,"  there  would  never  have 
.risen  any  difficulty  as  to  the  true  sense  of 
he  term.  Much  more  might  be  said  by  way 
)f  further  proof ;  but  perhaps  it  is  needless. 
WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 


CHAUCERIANA. 

1.       For  pite  renneth  sone  in  gentil  herte. 

his  appears  to  have  been  Chaucer's  favourite 

ine — and  well  it  might  be.     It  recurs    in 

hrea  passages  in  the  'Tales,'  A  1761,  E  1986, 

479,  and  in  the  Prologue  to  the  'Legend 


122 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  FEB.  is,  im. 


of  Good  Women,'  1.  503.  It  is  interesting  to 
note  that  it  was  probably  one  of  his  Ovidian 
reminiscences  ;  for  the  original,  or  something 
very  like  it,  is  to  be  found  in  '  Trist.,'  III.  5, 
31-2  :— 

Quo  quis  enim  major,  magis  est  placabilis  irse ; 

Et  faciles  motus  mens  generosa  capit. 
2.  Eek  Plato  seith,  who-so  that  can  him  rede, 

The  wordes  mote  be  cosin  to  the  dede. 

'Prol.,'  11.  741-2. 

It  has  been  pointed  out  by  Morris  that  this 
saying  of  Plato  is  taken  from  Boethius,  '  De 
Consolatione,'  lib.  iii.  pr.  12,  where  Chaucer 
translates,  "  Thou  hast  lerned  by  the  sentence 
of  Plato,  that  nedes  the  wordes  moten  ben 
cosynes  to  tho  thinges  of  which  thei  speken." 
I  do  not  know  whether  the  "  sentence "  has 
yet  been  traced  back  to  its  original  source 
in  Plato.  The  reference  is  to  '  Cratylus,' 
435  c,  where  Socrates  thus  concludes  a  curious 
and  fanciful  discussion  on  the  origin  of  lan- 
guage— f/xoi  fj.fv  ovv  xal  avTM  apf(TK€i  JJLCV 
Kara,  TO  SWOLTOV  o/^oia  eiVai  TO.  ovo/iara  TOIS 
7rpay/xao-iv — but  proceeds  to  add  that  there 
are  difficulties  in  the  way  of  a  perfect  affinity 
between  words  and  things,  and  that  the 
"  vulgar  method  of  convention "  must  also 
be  called  in.  Needless  to  say  that  the  appli- 
cation given  to  this  theory  by  Chaucer,  to 
justify  his  "  calling  a  spade  a  spade,"  is  quite 
foreign  to  Plato's  argument. 

3.  And  Frensh  she  spak  ful  faire  and  fetisly, 
After  the  scole  of  Stratford  atte  Bowe, 
For  Frensh  of  Paris  was  to  hir  unknowe. 

'Prol., '11.  124-6. 

As  is  well  known,  Prof.  Skeat  has  contended 
that  this  passage  implies  no  unfavourable 
comparison  between  the  French  of  Stratford 
and  that  of  Paris,  and  that  Chaucer 
"merely  states  a  fact,  viz.,  that  the  Prioress  spoke 
the  usual  Anglo-French  of  the  English  Court,  of 
the  English  law  courts,  and  of  the  English  eccle- 
siastics of  the  higher  rank There  is  no  proof 

that  he  thought  more  highly  of  the  Parisian  than  of 
the  Anglo-French,"  &c.  (note  in  Morris's  edition). 

The  same  contention  is  maintained  at  greater 
length  and  with  all  Prof.  Skeat's  learning 
in  his  'Principles  of  English  Etymology.' 
Is  it  too  late  to  enter  the  lists  in  defence 
of  Chaucer's  "  jape  "  against  his  most  accom- 

Elished  editor,  arid  to  attempt  to  vindicate 
>r  the  poet  a  bit  of  sly  humour  that  would 
be  entirely  in  harmony  with    the  tone  of 
delicate  irony  running  through  the  whole 
passage  (11.  118-62)? 

Prof.  Skeat  fully  establishes  the  fact  that 
Anglo-French  was  "important"  (to  use  his 
own  word).  But  the  question  is  whether  it 
was,  from  the  literary  and  social  point  of  view, 
regarded  by  contemporaries  of  the  better 
class  as  on  a  par  with  continental  French. 


Norman-French  underwent  in  England  an 
independent  and  isolated  development,  which 
could  hardly  fail  to  be  one  of  steady  dete- 
rioration. It  became  partially  popularized  ; 
as  is  known  from  an  often-quoted  passage 
from  Higd  en's  'Polychronicon'  as  translated 
by  Trevisa,  French  was  used  in  the  schools 
in  Chaucer's  youth  :  Higden  complains  of  the 
"impairing  of  the  birth-tongue"  owing  to 
school  children  having  to  "construe  their 
lessons  and  things  in  French,"  and  not  only 
"  gentlemen's  sons  be  taught  to  speak  French 
from  the  time  that  they  be  rocked  in  their 
cradle,"  but  "uplandish  men  will  liken  them- 
selves to  gentlemen  for  to  be  spoken  of."  We 
are  reminded  of  Langland's  "  dykers  and 
delvers  that  do  their  deeds  ill  and  drive  forth 
the  long  day  with  '  Dieu  vous  save,  Dame 
Emme!'"  Trevisa  adds  that  in  the  year 
1385,  when  he  was  writing,  the  change  from 
French  to  English  in  the  schools,  which  had 
begun  about  the  middle  of  the  century,  was 
everywhere  completed.  As  was  inevitable  in 
a  population  thus  perforce,  but  imperfectly, 
bilingual,  hybrid  forms  found  their  way  into 
the  less  familiar  dialect.  There  is  also 
external  evidence  of  the  low  esteem  in  which 
Anglo  -  French  came  to  be  held.  Under 
Henry  II.  an  English  knight  sent  over  to 
Normandy  for  some  one  to  teach  his  son 
French  —  showing  that  A.-F.  had  lost  its 
purity.  Walter  Map,  in  his  'De  Nugis 
Curialium,'  also  says  that  the  French  in 
England  was  regarded  as  old-fashioned  and 
dialectic.  These  references,  which  are  taken 
from  Emerson's  '  History  of  the  English 
Language,'  might  no  doubt  be  added  to  from 
the  literature  and  records  of  the  period.  It 
is  true  that  there  existed  a  considerable 
A.-F.  literature,  but  of  a  somewhat  crude 
character,  as  is  observable  in  Chaucer's 
adaptation  of  the  tale  of  Constance  from 
Nicolas  Trivet,  in  spite  of  its  quaint  mediaeval 
charm.  Meanwhile  in  France  itself,  though 
there  were  still  different  dialects,  the  "French 
of  Paris,"  or  "Central  French,"  as  Skeafc 
terms  it,  had  acquired  an  overmastering 
literary  predominance.  Both  with  the  other 
dialects,  by  the  acquisition  of  the  Angevin 
provinces  in  the  twelfth  century,  and  with 
Central  French,  by  constant  intercourse, 
and  owing  to  the  French  wars  from  1337 
onwards,  the  English  Court  and  many  of 
its  subjects  had  become  acquainted.  This 
new  French  influence  culminated  at  the 
Court  of  Edward  III.,  who  as  the  son  of 
Isabella  of  France  may  well  have  spoken 
Parisian  French  himself,  though  his  officials 
would  still  use  the  Anglo-French  jargon  in 
public  documents.  His  wife,  Philippa  of 


.  i.  FEB.  is,  i9M.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Hainault,  must  surely  have  spoken  and 
•written  in  continental  French,  not,  as  Skeat 
says,  in  A.-F.  She  "formed  the  centre  of  a 
society  cultivating  the  French  language  and 
poetry  "  (Ten  Brink),  prominent  among  whom 
was  Jean  Froissart,  the  privileged  exponent 
of  polite  literature  and  love  poetry  ("  beaux 
dicties  et  traites  amoureux ")  at  her  Court. 
Now  Chaucer,  in  view  of  his  prolonged  con- 
nexion with  the  Court  and  his  repeated 
visits  to  France  in  peace  and  war,  had  every 
opportunity  of  hearing  "French  of  Paris," 
and  this,  together  with  his  constant  readings 
and  translations  of  the  best  French  authors, 
can  hardly  have  failed  to  impress  upon  him 
the  superiority  of  their  idiom  as  compared 
with  the  obsolescent  Anglo-French  of  his  day. 
To  return  from  this  digression  to  "  Strat- 
ford atte  Bo  we":  if  the  foregoing  discussion 
may  be  held  to  furnish  proof  that  Anglo- 
French  was  in  Chaucer's  day  regarded  as 
inferior,  and  if  a  sufficiently  solid  foundation 
has  thus  been  established  on  which  to  base 
a  joke,  if  joke  there  be,  may  we  not  now 
venture  to  detect  a  flavour  of  irony,  or  good- 
natured  ridicule,  in  the  very  wording  of  the 
passage  itself  1  For  even  though  the  ex- 
pression "  after  the  scole,"  <fec.,  refers  to  an 
actual  school — viz.,  the  Benedictine  nunnery 
at  Stratford-le-Bow,  where  we  may  suppose 
the  Prioress  to  have  been  educated,  and  of 
which  she  was  now,  perhaps,  the  Lady 
Superior— still  the  phrase  has  a  ring  about  it 
which  suggests  something  more  than  a  state- 
ment of  plain  matter  of  fact.  We  think  of 
the  parisn  clerk  Absalom,  in  the  'Miller's 
Tale,'  who  dances  "  after  the  scole  of  Oxen- 
forde"  (A  3329).  In  fine,  if  Gower  had 
written  our  passage  we  might  have  suspected 
a  jest ;  with  Chaucer  we  may  be  pretty  sure 
that  one  is  intended. 

4.  Are  there  any  autobiographical  touches 
to  be  found  in  the  description  of  Chaucer's 
Pilgrims  ?  It  has  been  thought  that  the 
"  Clerk  of  Oxenford  "  is  partly  intended  as  a 
portrait  of  the  poet  himself,  and  we  notice 
traits  of  resemblance  in  the  Clerk's  studious 
habits,  his  modesty  and  taciturn  reserve. 
Yet  the  points  of  difference  are  more  striking  : 
the  speech  "sowninge  in  moral  vertu/'  the 
severely  academical  library  of  "  twenty  bokes 
of  Aristotle  and  his  philosophye  "  (com- 
pare Chaucer's  own  "sixty  bokes,  olde  and 

newe alle  ful  of  storyes  grete,"  Prologue 

to  'Legend  of  Good  Women,'  1.  273),  lastly 
the  Clerk's  leanness.  But  the  sketch  of  the 
young  Squire  offers  many  points  that  exactly 
fit  in  with  what  is  known  or  surmised  of 
Chaucer's  youth.  The  Squire  is  "  twenty 
years  of  age,"  and  this,  according  to  the  most 


probable  computation  of  Chaucer's  birth-date,, 
was  about  his  age  when  he  joined  the  expedi- 
tion to  France  in  1359,  in  the  course  of  which 
:ie  must  have  passed  through  the  very  pro- 
vinces of  Flanders,  Artois,  and  Picardy 
where  the  Squire  had  been  "in  chivachye."" 
The  latter  hoped  by  his  youthful  exploits  to 
"stand  in  his  lady's  grace,"  and  Chaucer's- 
irst  unfortunate  love-affair  began,  according 
to  his  own  account,  immediately  after  his 
return  from  this  expedition  (;'a  siknesse 
:hat  I  have  suffred  this  eight  yere,"  '  Book  of 
she  Duchesse,'  1369).  The  Squire's  stature  is- 
"of  evene  lengthe,"  and  he  is  "wonderly 
delivere,  and  greet  of  strengthe."  In  a 
description  taken  from  a  portrait  of  Chaucer 
in  early  life,  he  is  said  to  have  been  "of  a 
Pair  and  beautiful  complexion,  his  lips  full 
and  red,  his  size  of  a  just  medium,  and  his 
port  and  air  graceful  and  majestic."  With 
the  first  part  of  this  description  we  have  a 
further  parallel  if  the  lines 

Embrouded  was  he,  as  it  were  a  mede 
Al  ful  of  fresshe  floures,  whyte  and  rede, 

are  taken  to  refer  not,  according  to  the  usual 
interpretation,  to  the  embroidery  on  his  coat, 
but  to  his  "pink  and  white  "complexion.  In 
favour  of  this  view  it  may  be  said  (a)  that 
the  description  of  his  clothes  begins  several 
lines  lower  down,  "Shorte  was  his  goune," 
&c. ;  (6)  that  the  line  "  He  was  as  fresh  as  is 
the  month  of  May,"  which  intervenes,  rather 
favours  the  allusion  to  complexion  ;  (c)  that 
"  erubrouded  "  is  used  elsewhere  of  a  meadow 
"  that  was  with  floures  swote  embrouded  al," 
Prologue  to  'L.,'  11.  118-9,  from  which  the 
transition  is  easy  tothecomparison  suggested  ; 
(d)  that  such  comparison  is  further  borne  out 
by  the  following  Chaucerian  passages  : — 

For  right  as  she  [Nature]  can  peynte  a  lilie  whyt 

And  reed  a  rose,  right  with  swich  peynture 

She  peynted  hath  this  noble  creature.  C  31, 

Emelye,  that  fairer  was  to  sene 

Than  is  the  lilie  upon  his  stalke  greene, 

And  fressher  than  the  May  with  floures  newe, 

For  with  the  rose  colour  strof  hir  hewe,  &c. 

A  1037. 

The  Squire's  accomplishments  seem  to- 
point  in  the  same  direction.  Singing  and. 
"  fluting,"  jousting  and  dancing — this  much 
might  be  expected  of  any  young  squire  ;  but 
when  we  are  told  of  this  squire  that  he  could 
"songes  make  and  well  endyte,"  we  seem  to 
trace  a  reference  to  Chaucer's  own  "  com- 
plaints "and  his  early  love-poetry,  much  of 
which  is  probably  now  lost,  the 

Many  an  ympne  for  your  halydayes 
That  highten  balades,  roundels,  virelayes, 

which  he  tells  us  in  the  '  Legende '  he  had 
once  composed,  and  the  "  dytees  and  songes- 


124 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  FEB.  is,  1904. 


glade  "  made  for  Venus's  sake  "  in  the  floure 
of  his  youth,"  with  which  songs,  as  Go  we 
has  it,  "  the  land  fulfilled  is  overal."    No  les 
appropriate  a  trait  is  it  that,  besides  his  othe 
graces  and  accomplishments,  the  Squire 
"  courteous,  lowly,  and  serviceable  " ;  so  tha 
it  is  altogether  a  tempting  assumption  tha 
•we  have  here  a  portrait,  sufficiently  disguise^ 
to  preserve  artistic  illusion,  of  Chaucer  when 
lie  was  a  "  lusty  bachelor  "  "  as  fresh  as  is  the 
month  of  May."  W.  J.  GOODRICH. 

[For  the  Prioress's  French  see  the  discussion  in 
7th  S.  ix.  305,  414,  497  ;  x.  57,  98,  298,  392.] 


PEG  WOFFINGTON'S  LETTER.  (See  3rd  S.  xii 
430.) — As  Woffington  autographs  are  among 
the  rarest  known,  one  hesitates  before  pro 
nouncing  the  mysterious  letter  given  at  the 
above  reference  a  forgery,  but  it  needs  to  be 
pointed  out  that  sundry  statements  made 
therein  by  the  vivacious  Peg  fail  to  square 
with  facts  as  we  know  them. 

Remark  the  charming  inconsistency  of  thi 
•epistle.  Although  the  tone  throughout  L 
that  of  the  easy  familiarity  subsisting  be- 
tween equals  and  friends,  it  is  addressed  to 
"My  Pretty  Little  Oroonoko,"  and  the 
writer  concludes  by  informing  her  "  Dr  Black 
boy  "  that  she  is  his  "admirer  and  humble 
ServV  One  would  be  inclined  from  this  to 
•entertain  the  painful  suspicion  that  the  easy- 
going actress  had  become  enamoured  of  a 
negro  lackey  ;  but  the  opening  paragraph 
gives  one  pause,  for  Peg  begins  by  telling  her 
mysterious  acquaintance  that  "Sir  Thomas 
Robinson  writes  me  word  y*  you  are  very 
pretty,  which  has  raised  my  curiosity  to  a  great 
pitch,  and  it  makes  me  long  to  see  you." 

If  the  Robinson  referred  to  was  "long  Sir 
Thomas,"  he  must  have  communicated  from 
abroad,  as  he  was  appointed  Governor  of 
Barbados  in  August,  1742,  and  not  recalled 
until  1747.  This  "pretty  little  Oroonoko" 
might  have  been  a  black  page  sent  by  him  as 
a  present  to  the  Duke  of  Richmond  ;  but  why 
Mistress  Woffington  should  have  troubled 
herself  to  discuss  her  personal  affairs  with 
"Master  Thomas  Robinson"  passeth  under- 
standing. The  whole  reads  like  one  of  those 
laughter-provoking  epistles  which  used  to 
addle  the  brains  of  poor  Lord  Dundreary. 

One  thing  is  certain.  If  Peg  Woffington 
really  wrote  this  letter,  Genest's  account  of 
the  Drury  Lane  season  of  1743-4  is  both 
inaccurate  and  incomplete.  The  letter  is 
dated  "  Saturday,  Xbr  18th,  1743,"  a  slip,  as 
18  December  in  that  year  fell  on  a  Sunday. 
Assuming  that  the  17th  was  meant,  one  notes 
•the  intimation,  "  I  play  the  part  of  Sr  Harry 


Wildair  to  night,"  but  Genest  has  no  note  of 
her  in  that  role  save  on  the  14th  and  19th  of 
the  month.  Nor  does  he  give  us  any  clue 
whereby  we  can  identify  "  the  acting  poet- 
aster" who  was  then  at  Goodwood,  but  who, 
a  little  time  previously,  had  made  his  first 
appearance  on  the  stage  in  association  with 
Peg,  and  who,  not  long  after,  played  Carlos 
in  '  Love  makes  a  Man.'  Who  was  this 
mysterious  debutant,  whose  "  gracef ull  motion 
of  his  hands  and  arms "  was  due  to  his 
early  experience  in  "  spreading  plaisters  when 
he  was  aprentice "  ?  Delane  played  Carlos 
at  Drury  Lane  on  15  November,  1743,  but  he 
was  far  from  a  novice.  Can  the  allusion  have 
been  to  Foote,  who  appeared  at  Drury  Lane 
early  that  season,  quick  on  the  heels  of  his 
debut  at  the  Hay  market  1  Beyond  Delane 
and  Theophilus  Gibber  there  svere  no  other 
male  accessions  to  the  company  that  season,  if 
Genest  is  to  be  believed. 

Swiny  was  of  course  Owen  MacSwiney, 
erst  while  manager  of  the  Italian  Opera-House, 
and  for  some  years  Mrs.  Woffington's  guide, 
philosopher,  and  friend.  He  was  old  enough 
to  have  been  her  father,  and  rewarded  her 
complacency  by  leaving  her  all  the  worldly 
goods  he  died  possessed  of.  The  allusion  to 
MacSwiney  militates  against  the  supposition 
that  the  letter  is  a  forgery,  for  none  save 
bhose  who  had  made  a  profound  study  of 
Mrs.  Woffington's  life  could  have  been  aware 
of  the  great  influence  exercised  over  her  by 
:he  witty  old  Irishman.  And  your  average 
iterary  forger's  knowledge  is  at  best  but 
superficial. 

If  this  letter  is  still  extant  it  would  be 
nteresting  to  compare   it  with    any   other 
Woffington  autograph  that  may  exist,  par- 
icularly  with  the  signature  to  her  will ;  but 
as  that  seems  to  have  been  made  when  she 
paralyzed,    it    might   not    prove    very 


trustworthy. 


F.  F.  L. 


"ONE-NINTH  CHURCH." — The  discovery  of 
ihe  solitary  "  centralone  "  of  Cistercian  priories 
vas  a  novel  development  in  monkish  archi- 
ecture.  There  has  crept  into  the  literature 
f  Anglo-Judaism  an  equally  amusing,  if  less 
picturesque,  freak  in  ecclesiastical  edifices. 
Add.  MS.  29,868  contains  two  lists  of  Jews 
esident  in  London  about  1660,  and  these 
were  for  the  first  time  published  in  extenso 
>y  Mr.  Lucien  Wolf  in  'The  Jewry  of  the 
Restoration,'  a  valuable  paper  read  before 
he  Jewish  Historical  Society  of  England  in 
902.  Several  of  the  Jews  resided  in  "  Chre- 
hurch  "  Lane,  and  in  the  first  list  the  address 
f  five  is  given  as  being  "at  Mr.  Linger  a 
lumers  in  £  Church."  That  Jews  should,  or 


s.  i.  FEB.  is,  1904.]          NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


125 


indeed  would,  be  living  in  the  whole  or  any 
fraction  of  a  church  is  inherently  improbable, 
and  it  really  is  not  suggested  by  the  MS. 
The  scribe's  hand  is  crabbed,  his  orthography 
free ;  and  in  this  place  he  so  contrived  to 
write  "agt!3  (= against)  that  to  the  eyes  of 
the  learned  centuries  later  it  took  on  an 
arithmetical  guise.  Before  Mr.  Wolf's  paper 
assumes  its  final  form  it  would  be  an  advan- 
tage if  a  further  attempt  were  made  to  secure 
literal  accuracy  in  these  lists.  Were  this 
done,  "Wyatt  the  broker"  would  probably 
become  "Whitt,"  numerous  small  omissions 
and  misreadings  would  be  corrected,  and  the 
rotundity  of  "Bilerman  the  round  cooper" 
would  have  to  be  sacrificed  to  fidelity:  he 
was  only  Belerman  the  wine  cooper. 

A.  T.  WRIGHT. 
22,  Chancery  Lane. 

"BACK  AND  SIDE  GO  BARE."  —  I  observe 
from  the  notice  of  Mr.  Hutchison's  'Songs 
of  the  Vine '  (ante,  p.  99)  that  the  credit  of 
writing  this  famous  song  "is  withdrawn  from 
Bishop  Still."  I  know  not  to  whom  it  is  now 
attributed,  but  it  has  been  absurdly  given  to 
one  Tom  Twisleton,  of  Burnsall,  in  Mr.  J. 
Horsfall  Turner's  '  Yorkshire  Anthology ' 
(Bingley,  1901).  Some  lines  entitled  '  Hus- 
band and  Wife,'  pp.  316,  317,  open  thus  :— 

Wife.  Wharivver  hev  ye  been  to,  ye  maupin  owd 
tyke. 

DRINKING  SONG. 

Air.  "  Yorkshire  ale  is  my  delight." 
I  can  not  eat  but  little  meat, 
My  stomach  is  not  good  ; 
But  sure  I  think  that  I  can  drink 
W  ith  him  that  wears  a  hood — 
and  so  forth.    As  Tom  Twisleton  published 
a  book  in  1867  he  must  have  been  a  nine- 
teenth-century delight,  and  if  author  of  these 
lines,  certainly  sent  them  on  before  him. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

[It  is  assigned  to  William  Stevenson,  a  native  of 
Durham,  and  Fellow  of  Christ's  College,  Cam- 
bridge, who  died  1575.  We  regret  that  Mr.  Hutchi- 
son's name  was  printed  "  Hutchinson."] 

"  HOOLIGAN."— This  has  already  been  ex- 
plained in  these  columns  (9th  S.  ii.  227,  316  ; 
vii.  48,  114).  My  object  now  is  merely  to 
point  put  how  aptly  it  illustrates  the  way 
two  distinct  classes  of  Irish  surnames  get 
confused  in  English.  One  large  class  ends 
in  Gaelic  in  -gain,  in  English  in  -gan,  and 
offers  no  difficulty  of  pronunciation  —  ex- 
amples, Brannigan,  Flannigan,  Mulligan, 
Egan,  Geoghegan,  Regan  ;  in  Gaelic,  O'Brana- 
gain,  0 'Flannagain,  O'Maolagain,  MacAodha- 
gain,  MacEochagain,  O'Riagain.  The  other 
class  ends  in  Gaelic  in  -chain,  in  English  in 
either  -ghan  or  -han.  We  have,  for  instance, 


(1)  Callaghan,  Mouaghan  ;  (2)  Kernahan, 
Lenehan,  Hoolihan  ;  in  Gaelic,  O'Ceallackain, 
O'Mannachain,  O'Ceamachain,  O'Leanachain, 
O'h-Uallachain.  Whichever  orthography  is 
preferred,  the  sound  in  correct  English  usage 
should  always  be  -han— e.g.,  Callaghan  should 
be  called  Callahan  ;  but  unfortunately  there 
is  an  increasing  tendency  among  English 
speakers  to  pronounce  this  termination  -gant 
thus  levelling  Huallaghan  or  Hoolihan  under 
the  same  class  as  Brannigan,  Flannigan, 
Mulligan,  with  which  it  had  originally  no 
connexion. 

Hooligan,  by  the  way,  has  become  part 
and  parcel  of  the  Russian  language.  In  a 
recent  number  of  a  Russian  comic  journal, 
the  Shut  (i.e.,  Jester),  I  notice  a  reference  to 
the  dangers  of  a  certain  quarter  of  St.  Peters- 
burg, owing  to  its  gangs  of  Khuligani  (plural). 
JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

"CmswiCK  NIGHTINGALES."  —  In  a  letter 
written  by  Josiah  Wedgwood  to  his  friend 
Bentley,  on  10  Sept.,  1778,  the  following 
passage  occurs:  "As  blith  and  gay  as  so 
many  Chiswick  nightingales."  I  believe  I 
have  heard  of  the  species  before,  and  con- 
sidering the  tow  position  of  Chiswick  ("  geo- 
graphically," as  Jeames  Yellowplush  would 
say),  I  may  assume  that  the  nightingales  in 
question  had  yellow  bellies  and  croaked  like 
the  "  fen  nightingales  "  in  Lincolnshire. 

L.  L.  K. 

MOON  FOLK-LORE. — The  following  invoca- 
tion, to  be  addressed  to  the  first  new  moon 
of  the  year,  is  known  in  North  Lincolnshire  : 

New  moon,  new  moon,  I  pray  to  thee 

This  night  my  true  love  for  to  see, 

Neither  in  his  riches  nor  array, 

But  in  his  clothes  that  he  wears  every  day. 

Another  version  of  the  third  line  is 
Neither  in  his  rich  nor  in  his  ray, 
which,  if  correct,  may  refer  to  "  ray  "  in  the 
sense  of  striped  cloth.  J.  T.  F. 

Winterton,  Doncaster. 

DICKENS  :  ORIGINAL  OF  ESTHER  IN  '  BLEAK 
HOUSE.'— Under  "Tea-Table  Talk.  By  the 
Hostess,"  in  the  Smith  London  Observer  and 
Camberwell  and  Peckham  Times  of  Saturday, 
25  April,  1903,  is  the  following,  which  may 
be  worth  enshrining  in  'N.  &  Q.' : — 

'The  other  day  there  passed  quietly  away  in  a 
sunny  corner  of  Nice  a  lady  of  eighty-four,  says 
M.A.P.  Her  name  was  Mrs.  Nash.  She  was  a 
daughter  of  Mr.  Elton,  one  of  Charles  Dickens's 
most  intimate  friends ;  but  the  fact  about  her  that 
will  most  interest  readers  of  Dickens's  works  is 
that  she  was  the  original  of  Esther  in  '  Bleak 
Souse.'  That  most  unselfish  and  charming  cha- 
racter was  named  after  Mrs.  Nash,  then  Esther 
Elton,  and  those  who  best  knew  the  dead  lady 


126 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [ioth  s.  i.  FEB.  13, 190*. 


more  than  endorsed  Dickens's  opinion  of  her.  He 
pronounced  her  to  be  the  most  affectionate  and 
self-sacrificing  girl  he  had  ever  known." 

W.  I.  K.  V. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

"  DIABREAD."— In  Katharine  M.  Abbott's 
'Old  Paths  and  Legends  of  New  England,' 
published  in  New  York  in  1903,  occurs  this 
sentence :  "  May  Day  [in  Newport]  is  even 
now  celebrated,  according  to  the  Devonshire 
custom,  with  blue  eggs  and  diabread." 

What  are  "  blue  eggs,"  and  especially  what 
is  "  diabread  "  ?  Can  any  of  your  readers  tell 
me  about  the  Devonshire  custom  above  men- 
tioned? No  one  of  whom  I  have  inquired 
here  seems  to  know  about  it.  R.  B— s. 

Newport,  R.I. 

"QuiCE." — In  Shropshire  and  Cheshire  a 
wood-pigeon  is  thus  known.  The  word  is 
used  both  in  the  singular  and  the  plural. 
An  estate  belonging  to  my  mother's  family  is 
known  as  Quoisley,  which — allowing  for  the 
broad  local  pronunciation,  which  turns  i  into 
oi — presumably  means  the  meadow  or  place 
of  the  wood-pigeons.  Can  any  one  suggest 
from  what  the  word  is  derived  ?  So  far  as  I 
can  gather,  it  is  only  known  about  here. 

HELGA. 

[Quice  is  a  form  of  quist,  a  name  for  the  wood- 
pigeon  (Colutnba  palumbus),  which,  again,  seems 
•connected  with  cushat.  See  Wright's  'Dialect 
Dictionary.'] 

"  PANNAGE  AND  TOLLAGE."— What  precisely 
was  "  pannage  and  tollage  "  1  H.  K.  H. 

["  Right  of  pannage"  is  a  right  granted  to  owners 
of  pigs  ordinarily  to  go  into  the  woods  of  the 
grantor  to  eat  the  acorns  or  beech  mast  which 
fall  to  the  ground.  "Toll"  (a  more  usual  form 
than  "tollage")  is  a  sum  of  money  paid  for  the 
temporary  use  of  land.  See  Stroud's  'Judicial 
Dictionary '  (Sweet  &  Maxwell).] 

"My  LORD  THE _  SUN."— I  should  be  glad 
of  the  reference  in  the  passage  quoted  on 
p.  227  of  Henry  Harland's  'My  Friend  Pros- 
pero':— "In  the  spirited  phrase  of  Corvo, 
*here  came  my  Lord  the  Sun.'" 

NICHOLAS  CRABBE. 

NAPOLEON  AT  ST.  HELENA.— In  an  ap- 
pendix to  '  Les  Excommunies,'  by  M.  C.  de 
Bussy  (Paris,  Duquesne,  1860),  I  find  :— 

"  A  Sainte  Helene,  Napoleon,  qui  avait  repouss^ 
C,vec  indignation  les  agents  du  Cabinet  Anglais  lui 


proposant  la  paix  a  la  condition  (Tabplir  It  catho- 
licisme  en  France,  manifestait  le  de"sir  de  voir  un 
ministre  de  sa  religion." 

Can  any  one  refer  me  to  authorities  for  the 
corroboration  or  refutation  of  this  remark- 
able statement  1  C.  POYNTZ  STEWART. 

EDWARD  YOUNG,  "THE  PAINTER  OF  ILL- 
LUCK."— At  the  end  of  the  '  Precis  de  la  Vie 
d'Young,'  on  p.  12  of  a  booklet  known  as  the 
"  Abrege  des  (Euvres  d'Young,  Traduction 
de  le  Tourneur,  a  Basle  de  1'Imprimerie  de 
Guillaurae  Haas  fils,  1796  "  (91  pages,  followed 
by  one  containing  a  'Table  des  Matieres,' 
which  is  not  numbered),  one  reads,  "  On  1'a 
surnomme :  le  peintre  du  malheur."  Is  it 
known  who  first  applied  this  description  to 
the  author  of  '  Night  Thoughts '  ?  The  little 
book  in  question  is  not  to  be  found  in  the 
Bibliotheque  Nationale  at  Paris  ;  but  there 
is  a  copy  in  the  Taylorian  Library  in  Oxford. 
No  specific  mention  of  it  is  made  in  the 
account  of  the  author  in  Michaud's  'Bio- 
graphie  Universelle,'  vol.  xlii.  pp.  51-2, 
but  it  is  there  stated  that "  Les  '  Nuits'  ont  ete 
reimprimees  souvent  dans  de  petits  formats." 
The  author  took  part  in  a  translation  of 
Shakespere  which  offended  Voltaire ;  and 
added  to  French  literature  some  versions  of 
other  well-known  English  books. 

E.  S.  DODGSON. 

WILLIAM  R.  H.  BROWN. — I  should  be  glad 
if  any  reader  could  give  me  information  as 
to  the  birthplace  and  ancestry  of  the  late 
William  Robert  Henry  Brown,  who  was  at 
one  time  Governor  of  Newgate,  and  for 
over  twenty  years  Warden  or  Governor  of 
the  old  Fleet  Prison.  He  is  buried  in 
St.  Giles's  Church,  Cripplegate. 

.  ENQUIRER. 

FREDERICK  KEMPLAND  was  admitted  to 
Westminster  School  on  15  September,  \785. 
Can  any  correspondent  of  k  N.  &  Q.'  oblige 
me  with  particulars  of  his  parentage  and 
career?  G.  F.  R.  B. 

EPITAPH  BY  SHAKESPEARE.— In  a  little  book 
of  epigrams  and  epitaphs  that  was  lent  me 
by  a  friend,  I  noticed  that  one  of  the  latter 
was  attributed  to  Shakespeare.  I  had  in- 
tended to  make  a  particular  note  of  it,  but  I 
returned  the  book  without  doing  so.  Speak- 
ing from  memory,  I  believe  the  two  stanzas 
composing  the  epitaph  are  taken  from  a 
tablet  in  West  Drayton  Church.  Perhaps 
some  readers  will  kindly  confirm  this,  and 
say  something  as  to  the  history  of  the  lines, 
and  whether  there  is  any  external  evidence 
in  support  of  the  alleged  authorship.  Cer- 
tainly the  internal  evidence — i.e.,  the  style — 


•io*  s.i.  FEB.  13, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


127 


appears  to  me  almost  of  itself  to  warrant  the 
conclusion  drawn  by  the  editor. 

HOLCOMBE  INGLEBY. 
Heacham,  Norfolk. 

GENERAL  CHARLES  STEWART'S  PORTRAIT. — 
I  want  to  identify  the  original  of  a  portrait 
by  Romney  of  the  Hon.  Major  -  General 
Charles  Stewart.  Is  he  the  man  who  com- 
manded the  1st  Battalion  50th  Regiment  at 
Walcheren  and  in  the  Peninsula  ?  If  so, 
was  he  in  command  at  Maida  1 

E.  K.  PURNELL. 

Wellington  College. 

DEATH-SEQUENCE  IN  SUSSEX. — An  unusual 
number  of  deaths  occurred  in  a  small 
Sussex  village  last  year,  the  last  of  which 
happened  on  a  recent  Saturday  night.  A 
villager  thereupon  presaged  another  death 
within  the  month,  because  the  corpse  would 
of  necessity  lie  unburied  "  over  a  Sunday," 
and  she  justified  her  prediction  by  referring 
to  the  last  two  deaths,  the  later  of  which 
followed  the  earlier  within  the  month, 
the  earlier  one  also  having  "lain  over  the 
Sunday."  Is  this  idea  recorded  from  other 
counties  ?  RED  CROSS. 

FOSCARINUS.  —  Can  any  one  give  me  the 
origin,  or  probable  origin,  of  this  extra- 
ordinary Christian  name?  It  was  borne  by 
one  Foscarinus  Turtliffe,  who  died  at  or  near 
Plymouth  in  the  year  1764-5.  The  family  of 
Turtliffe  appears  to  have  been  settled  in 
South  Devon  for  two  or  three  hundred  years, 
but  the  name  would  seem  to  be  quite  extinct 
in  Devon  or  even  England. 

ARTHUR  STEPHENS  DYER. 

28,  Leamington  Road  Villas,  W. 

FOOTBALL  ON  SHROVE  TUESDAY.  —  Will 
some  North-Country  folk-lorist  supply  me 
•with  a  description  of  the  Shrove  Tuesday 
football  played  at  Workington,  in  Cumber- 
land? There  is  a  brief  account  of  it  (but 
from  what  source  is  not  mentioned)  in  an 
article  on  'Quaint  Survivals  of  Ancient 
Customs,'  published  in  the  Windsor  Magazine, 
December,  1903.  As,  however,  I  have  reason 
to  think  that  one  of  these  "  survivals "  has 
been  obsolete  for  some  time,  I  am  not  sure 
whether  the  report  of  the  Workington  game 
can  be  accepted  as  quite  correct.  G.  W. 

WILLIAM  HAWKINS,  D.D ,  DIED  17  JULY, 
1691. — I  should  be  grateful  for  particulars  of 
the  parentage  of  this  prebendary  of  Win- 
chester Cathedral,  who  married  Izaak  Wal- 
ton's daughter  Anne  ;  and  also  for  precise 
information  as  to  the  date  and  place  of  the 
marriage,  which,  according  to  Anderdon's 


'Life  of  Ken,'  occurred  in  1676.  There  are 
references  to  this  Dr.  Hawkins  at  9th  S.  vi. 
371  :  vii.  477.  Was  he  identical  with  the 
William  Hawkins,  gent.,  of  Christ  Church, 
Oxford,  matric.  Nov.,  1650,  M.A.  June,  1655, 
D.D.  (Lambeth)  May,  1664,  who  is  mentioned 
in  Foster's  '  Alumni  Oxon.'  ?  If  not,  where 
and  when  did  he  obtain  his  doctor's  degree  ? 

TT       (^ 
M.     L/. 

HUNDRED  COURTS.  —  Have  the  Hundred 
Courts  any  legal  existence  at  the  present 
time?  If  they  have,  what  are  their  duties? 
If  they  have  not,  when  were  they  suppressed  ? 

BENJ.  WALKER. 

Gravelly  Hill,  Erdington. 

'  THE  CHILDREN  OF  THE  ABBEY.'— Who  was 
the  author  of  this  novel?  and  when  and  where 
was  it  first  printed  ?  J.  M.  C. 

(The  author  was  Mrs.  Regina  Maria  Roche.  '  The 
Children  of  the  Abbey '  was  published  in  1798,  the 
year  after  Mrs.  Radcliffe's  '  Mysteries  of  Udolpho.' 
See'D.N.B.'J 

HONOUR  OP  TUTBURY.  —  What  was  the 
Honour  of  Tutbury,  and  how  came  it  to  have 
any  jurisdiction  over  the  Hundred  of  Hem- 
lingford  in  North  Warwickshire  ? 

BENJ.  WALKER. 

Gravelly  Hill,  Erdington. 

TRIAL  OF  QUEEN  CAROLINE.— Can  any  one 
tell  me  where  a  full  account  of  the  trial  of 
Queen  Caroline  can  be  found  ?  HELGA. 

['  The  Trial  at  large  of  Her  Majesty  Caroline '  was 
issued  in  1820.] 

ROYAL  FAMILY. — What  is  the  surname  of 
the  reigning  dynasty  of  England  now  ?  Is 
it  still  Guelph,  or  "  Wettin,"  which  is,  I  am 
told,  the  family  name  of  the  Saxe-Coburg 
house  ?  HELGA. 

[See  8th  S.  ii.  168,  217  ;  iv.  351 ;  v.  215,  257.] 

REIGN  OF  TERROR.— On  8  May,  1794,  the 
scientist  Lavoisier  was  executed  with  twenty- 
seven  of  the  Farmers-General.  Where  may 
their  names  be  found  ?  XYLOGRAPHER. 

MARLBOROUGH  AND  SHAKESPEARE.  —  To 
what  source  is  due  the  statement  that  Marl- 
borough  avowed  knowing  no  other  history 
than  what  he  had  learnt  from  Shakespeare? 
And  on  what  occasion  did  the  duke  make  this 
statement?  ARTHUR  LINDENSTEAD. 

Berlin. 

POTTS  FAMILY.— Can  any  of  your  readers 
give  me  information  as  to  the  family  of 
Mary  Potts,  of  London,  who  in  1774  married 
Robert  Day,  judge  of  the  King's  Bench, 
Ireland,  Grattan's  lifelong  friend  ?  Their 
only  child  Elizabeth  married  Sir  Edward 


128 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES.        [10*  s.  i.  FEB.  13,  im. 


Denny,  third  baronet  of  Tralee  Castle.  Judge 
Day,  in  his  will,  leaves  several  crayon  por- 
traits of  the  Potts  family  to  the  Ven.  Dr. 
Pott  (sic),  Archdeacon  of  London,  "  to  be 
disposed  of  by  him  amongst  the  descendants 
of  our  late  brother-in-law,  Samuel  Potts, 
Esq."  (Rev.)  H.  L.  L.  DENNY. 

9,  Queen  Street,  Londonderry. 

DOWDALL'S  'TRADITIONARY  ANECDOTES  OF 
SHAKESPEARE.' — These  were  collected  in  War- 
wickshire in  1693,  were  edited  by  J.  P.  Collier, 
and  published  by  Thomas  Rodd  in  1838.  In 
the  advertisement  it  is  stated  that  the  letter 
in  which  the  anecdotes  were  communicated 
to  a  Mr.  Edward  Southwell  "came  into  the 
hands  of  the  publisher  on  the  dispersion  of 
the  papers  of  the  family  of  Lord  De  Clifford, 
which  were  sold  by  auction  in  the  year  1834." 
Is  the  original  MS.  now  in  existence  1 

J.  W.  G. 

SICILY. — I  am  anxious  to  work  up  the 
history  of  the  two  Sicilies ;  I  am  far  in  the 
country,  and  unable  to  consult  library  cata- 
logues, which  must  be  the  excuse  for  my 
ignorance.  I  have  Freeman's  works,  the  big 
and  the  little ;  Amari's  two  books ;  Mrs. 
St.  John's  '  Court  of  Anna  Carafa ' ;  De 
Reumont's  '  Carafas  of  Maddaloni ' ;  '  The 
Normans  in  Sicily '  (author's  name  has 
escaped  me) ;  Warburton's  '  Rollo  and  his 
Race ' ;  and  the  two  recent  books  by  Messrs. 
Marion  Crawford  and  Douglas  Sladen. 
These  hardly  cover  all  the  ground,  and  are 
certainly,  except  the  Freeman  books,  not 
exhaustive.  Can  any  reader  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 
expand  my  list  for  me  1 

ROWLAND  THURNAM. 
Nordrach-upon-Mendip,  Bristol. 


CHASUBLE  AT  WARRINGTON  CHURCH. 

(9th  S.  xii.  507.) 

THE  facts  concerning  the  chasuble,  or  two 
chasubles,  found  in  the  Warrington  Parish 
Church  are  far  from  clear.  The  late  William 
Beamont,  in  his  book  called  'Warrington 
Church  Notes.  The  Parish  Church  of 
St.  Elfin,  Warrington,  and  the  other  Churches 
of  the  Parish'  (Warrington,  1878),  gives 
either  two  accounts  of  one  event,  or  else 
accounts  of  two  events  without  clearly 
differentiating  the  one  from  the  other.  He 
says  (p.  120)  that  in  1824  Mr.  Rickman,  the 
architect,  suspecting  that  one  of  the  but- 
tresses on  the  north  side  of  the  chancel,  which 
was  wider  than  the  others,  contained  a  stair- 
case, opened  it,  and  found  in  it 


"  a  winding  stair,  which  had  led  from  a  crypt  below, 
to  a  doorway  opening  high  up  in  the  wall  of  the 
chancel  above,  and  probably  upon  the  rood  loft." 

On  the  steps 

"was  found  a  richly  embroidered  chasuble,  upon 
which  were  embroidered  the  figures  of  St.  Paul 
with  the  sword,  St.  James  the  Less  with  his  club, 
and  St.  Elphege  with  his  long-handled  axe." 

"  The  vestment  was  ultimately  given  to  the 
Reverend  Dr.  Molyneux,  the  Roman  Catholic  priest 
at  Warrington,  and  is  now  part  of  the  furniture  of 
the  Roman  Catholic  chapel  there." 

Beamont  says,  however,  earlier  in  his  book 
(p.  61),  that  in  the  year  1830 

"a  blocked-up  doorway  near  the  place  of  the  rood 
screen  was  reopened,  and  a  staircase  was  exposed 
leading  up  to  the  rood  loft,  and  another  staircase 
leading  down  into  the  crypt.  Upon  one  of  the  steps 
of  the  latter,  there  lay  a  parcel  carefully  made  up, 
which  on  being  opened  was  found  to  contain  a 
chasuble,  the  work  of  the  latter  end  of  the  fifteenth 
or  the  beginning  of  the  sixteenth  century.  It  waa 
curiously  embroidered  on  the  back  and  front,  but 
except  for  the  diapering  or  grounding,  which  was 
excellent,  the  work  was  poor.  It  had  two  orphreys 
with  niches,  in  which  were  figures  wrought  m 
coloured  silks  after  the  mode  of  the  '  opus  pluma- 
rium,'  or  feather  stitch,  of  which  the  golden  threads 
of  the  diapering,  owing  to  their  having  been  wound 
round  with  the  pure  metal,  looked  as  bright  as  on 
the  day  when  they  were  first  put  in.  On  the  back 
was  the  cross  in  the  shape  of  a  Y  with  three  angela, 
each  with  a  golden  chalice  standing  by  it  to  receive 
the  Saviours  blood,  two  lily  plants  with  pink 
flowers  shooting  up,  one  on  each  side  from  the  foot 
of  the  cross.  The  figures  of  Abel,  Abraham,  Mel- 
chisedeck,  and  two  of  the  apostles  were  recog- 
nizable upon  the  chasuble  ;  but  there  was  another 
figure  of  a  man  in  armour  bearing  a  battleaxe  upon 
his  shoulder,  not  so  easy  to  be  recognized,  which, 
very  fancifully,  as  I  think,  has  been  supposed  to  be 
meant  for  Thomas  of  Lancaster,  who  was  beheaded 
in  1322." 

A  foot-note  refers  to  Archaeological  Journal, 
1870,  No.  106,  p.  135.  (Robert  Atherton  Raw- 
storne  was  rector  1807-32.) 

These  two  accounts  do  not  agree  together. 
At  first  sight  they  would  appear  to  point  to 
two  discoveries  of  stairways,  and  the  finding 
of  a  chasuble  on  each  occasion.  But  in  a 
communication  made  by  the  late  Dr.  James 
Kendrick  (another  local  antiquary)  to  the 
Warrington  Examiner  (date  uncertain,  but 
subsequent  to  1870),  he  gives  1824  as  the  date 
of  the  finding  of  "  a  parcel  containing  a  rich 
sacerdotal  vestment,  which,  for  the  payment 
of  a  few  shillings,  was  handed  over  to  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Molyneux,  of  Warrington "  (Mr.  or 
Dr.  Molyneux — pronounced  Mullinix — was 
the  priest  of  St.  Alban's  Roman  Catholic 
Church,  or  chapel,  which  was  until  some 
thirty  years  ago  the  only  Roman  Catholic 
church  in  Warrington).  Kendrick  goes  on  to 
speak  of  the  chasuble,  after  having  been 
repaired,  being  eventually  exhibited  in  1870 


i.  FEB.  13, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


129 


to  the  members  of  the  Eoyal  Archseologica 
Institute,  "  under  the  auspices  of  the  Very 
Reverend  Canon  Rock,  the  great  English 
authority  on  textile  fabrics  and  embroidery.' 
Canon  Rock's  remarks  are  given ;  he  speak 
of  "  this  eucharistic  garment,"  not  of  "  these.' 
He  refers  to  the  finding  of  a  carefully  wrapt- 
up  parcel  containing  a  chasuble  as  having 
occurred  about  forty  years  ago  (that  would  be 
about  1830),  and  of  its  having  been  given  by 
the  incumbent  to  the  Catholic  priest.  Thus 
Kendrick  speaks  of  a  sale  for  a  few  shillings, 
but  gives  Canon  Rock's  statement  of  a  gift. 
Canon  Rock's  description  of  the  chasuble  is 
so  similar  to  Beamont's  (p.  61),  even  to  the 
extent  of  saying  that  there  were  three  angels 
with  chalices  to  receive  the  Saviour's  blood, 
whereas  there  are  two  only,  that  it  is  pretty 
evident  that  one  copied  his  description  from 
the  other. 

_  Excepting  for  the  two  dates,  1824  and  1830, 
given  by  Beamont,  everything  points  to  his 
having  intended  to  describe  one  chasuble 
only.  There  is,  however,  in  the  Ampleforth 
Journal  (St.  William's  Press,  Market  Weigh- 
ton),  vol.  i.  part  ii.,  December,  1895,  p.  185,  an 
article  by  the  Rev.  J.  S.  Cody,  O.S.B.,  mainly 
about  two  chasubles,  "found  a  few  years  ago 

in  the    Warrington    Parish   Church and 

now  in  the  possession  of  the  Ampleforth 

Benedictine  Fathers  in  that  town."  The 
writer  gives  1824  as  the  date  of  the  discovery 
of  the  "double  flight  of  stairs  within  the 
buttress  on  the  north  side."  He  says  that  on 
the  steps  leading  to  the  crypt  "  the  vest- 
ments were  found  carefully  wrapped  up." 
He  speaks  of  Rawstorne  as  being  the  rector 
at  that  time,  and  says  that  he  made  no 
difficulty  in  handing  the  vestments  over  to 
Dr.  Molyneux,  O.S.B.,  the  priest  of  St.  Alban's, 
"  for  a  certain  sum  of  money."  A  good  deal 
of  the  article  is  taken  up  with  interesting 
extracts  from  ancient  inventories  which  may 
possibly  include  amongst  the  possessions  of 
the  Warrington  Church  the  very  chasubles 
of  which  he  writes.  Further,  he  says  that 

"local  tradition  tells  us  how  the  Rector,  on  dis- 
covering them,  seeing  that  he  had  no  use  for  them, 
offered  them  to  his  friend  Dr.  Molyneux.  He, 
shrewd  man,  would  not  accept  them  as  a  gift,  lest 
they  might  be  afterwards  reclaimed,  but  bought 
them  for  a  few  shillings.'' 

He  then  proceeds,  after  he  has  previously 
said  that  the  embroidery  on  both  chasubles 
is  very  similar,  and  is  of  like  workmanship, 
to  describe  apparently  one  only,  of  which  as 
to  the  cross  on  the  back  an  illustration  is 
given. 

I  do  not  give  his  description,  which  is 
mainly  (I  think)  quoted  from  the  other 


writers  whom  I  have  mentioned,  nor  do  I 
give  his  identification  of  saints,  for  the  same 
reason,  and  also  for  the  reason  that  in  most 
of  the  cases  it  appears  in  all  the  writers  to  be 
more  or  less  guesswork.  Mr.  Cody  speaks  of 
two  chasubles,  but  describes  one,  and  that 
the  one  which  Beamont  describes  in  his  two 
accounts,  for  in  each  of  the  two  he  ends  with 
the  figure  with  the  axe.  Mr.  Cody,  however, 
is  exact  in  noticing  the  mistake  as  to  the 
three  angels  instead  of  the  actual  two.  On 
the  other  hand,  he  speaks  of  some  sixty-five 
years  past  as  "  a  few  years  ago." 

I  should  still  be  inclined  to  think  it  certain 
that  only  one  chasuble  had  been  found  on 
the  stairs  in  1824,  which  is  the  date  given  by 
Dr.  Kendrick  as  that  of  the  discovery  of  the 
old  staircase  (see  a  communication  made  by 
him  to  the  Manchester  Courier,  1839-40),  but 
for  the  fact  that  by  the  courtesy  of  Father 
Whittle,  O.S.B.,  the  present  priest  of  St.  Al- 
ban's, I  have  been  shown  two  chasubles.    He 
knew  Dr.   Molyneux  well,  and  insists  that 
both  chasubles  came  from  the  parish  church. 
According  to  him,  they  were  offered  to  Dr. 
Molyneux  by  the  Hon.  and  Rev.  Horace  Powys 
(rector  1832-54,  afterwards  Bishop  of  Sodor 
and  Man)  as  a  gift.      Dr.  Molyneux,  how- 
ever, insisted  on  making  a  payment  pro  forma, 
viz.,  half-a-crown.     It  has  been  asserted  that 
the  chasubles  were  found  by  Rector  Powys 
in  an  oak    chest.    That   may    be   so,    but 
it   in    no    way    upsets    the    account    given 
by    Beamont    that    they,    or   it,    had   been 
found  on  the  old  staircase  in  Rawstorne's 
time,   when    Beamont  was    a    young    man. 
It    is    very    likely    that   it,   or   they,   were 
put  into  an  oak  chest  in  Rawstorne's  time, 
ind   found   again  in  Powys's  time.     It  has 
been  asserted   that  it  is    certain   that    the 
transfer  to  Molyneux  was  a  gift,  and  not  a 
sale,  the  proof  of  which  is  that  a  son  of 
Elector    Powys     remembers    not    only     the 
oak  chest  in  which  they  were  found,  but  also 
;hat  his  father  gave  the  chasubles  to  Father 
Molyneux.      The     date     assigned     by     the 
present  rector  (1835)  for  the  finding  of  the 
hasubles  would    make  that  evidence  very 
?oor  hearsay    evidence,    seing    that   Rector 
Powys  did  not  marry  till  1833.     If  the  story 
that  Molyneux  paid   half-a-crown  for  them 
yro  forma  is  the  true  story,  it  is  not  at  all 
mprobable  that  the  vendor  would  afterwards 
speak  of  the  transfer  as  a  gift.    As  showing 
what  confusion   there  is  in  the    matter,   I 
may  mention  that  I  have  a  recollection  of 
jeing  told  by  some  one  (by  whom  I  do  nob 
remember)  that  Rector  Powys,  having  found 
a  vestment  in  the  vestry,  and  being  short  of 
money  for  some  building  scheme  connected 


130 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  FEB.  is,  iw*. 


with  the  church  or  schools,  sold  it  to  the 
Roman  Catholics.  Such  memories  are  worth 
next  to  nothing. 

Let  me  describe  the  chasubles  very  shortly 
indeed.  In  doing  so  I  am  not  going  to 
attempt  to  identify  all,  or  nearly  all,  of  the 
saints,  &c.  I  take  first  the  chasuble  which 
is  probably  that  which  was  found  in  or  about 
1824,  if  there  was  only  one.  On  the  back 
is  a  large  cross.  The  crimson  velvet  on 
which  it  now  lies  is  modern.  At  the 
top  of  the  cross  is  a  dove,  below  that  the 
letters  INRI,  and  below  that  Christ  on 
the  cross.  In  the  right  arm  of  the  framing 
cross  (the  actual  right)  is  an  angel  with 
two  chalices,  catching  the  blood  spurting 
from  the  right  hand  and  the  side.  In  the 
other  arm  is  an  angel  with  one  chalice,  catch- 
ing the  blood  from  the  hand.  At  the  right 
side  of  the  foot  of  the  crucifix  is,  I  suppose, 
the  Virgin  Mary,  on  the  other  presumably 
St.  John.  Below  the  foot  is  a  saint  (?),  and 
below  the  saint  a  man  in  armour  with  a  long 
axe.  On  the  pillar  on  the  front  of  this 
chasuble  are,  at  the  top,  a  saint  (?),  then  a 
saint,  and  thirdly  a  man,  perhaps  a  bishop. 

Now  as  to  the  other  chasuble,  about  which 
I  may  say  in  passing  that  it  is  so  similar  in 
design  to  No.  1  that  it  appears  to  me  to  be 
possible  that  it  was  not  found  in  the  parish 
church,  but  was  acquired  later  from  some- 
where else  because  of  its  likeness  to  No.  1, 
and  then  came  to  be  believed  to  have  been 
its  companion  in  the  parcel.  On  its  back 
(modern  damask  or  brocade)  is  the  framing 
cross.  The  dove,  the  initial  letters,  the 
crucifix,  the  two  angels  with  chalices,  are  in 
like  positions.  There  are  no  figures  by  the 
foot  of  the  crucifix.  Below  is  a  figure  with  a 
chalice  disconnected  from  the  crucifix.  Below 
that  is  the  upper  part  of  a  saint  with  a  book. 
On  the  pillar  on  the  front  are  three  figures  : 
at  the  top  a  saint,  then  a  figure  holding  the 
tables  of  the  Law  (therefore  I  suppose  Moses), 
and  at  the  bottom  a  saint. 

In  collecting  the  materials  for  what  I  have 
written  I  have  referred  to  Beamont's  own 
copy  of  his  book,  in  which  are  entries  made 
by  him  after  its  publication,  and  to  a  small 
commonplace  book  concerning  the  history  of 
Warrington  made  up  by  Kendrick.  They 
are  both  in  the  Warrington  Library. 

I  have  omitted  to  say  that,  in  his  communi- 
cation on  Warrington  printed  in  the  Man- 
chester Courier  much  earlier  than  that  which 
appeared  in  the  Warrington  Examiner,  Ken- 
drick gives  an  account  of  the  discovery  of  the 
staircase,  but  says  nothing  of  any  chasuble. 
[  regret  that  I  cannot  give  an  absolutely 
certain  history.  I  need  scarcely  say  that 


there  was  no  local  newspaper  during  the 
time  included  in  the  various  dates  assigned 
to  the  discovery  and  transfer  of  the  chasuble 
or  chasubles.  ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

St.  Austin's,  Warrington. 

RALEIGH'S  HEAD  (10th  S.  i.  49).— It  would 
be  interesting  to  know  from  what  source 
Mrs.  Sinclair  derived  her  information  that 
after  the  execution  of  Sir  W.  Ralegh  in  Old 
Palace  Yard  his  head  was  "  placed  on  West- 
minster Hall."  Had  this  been  carried  into 
effect  it  would  scarcely  have  escaped  the 
notice  of  contemporary  historians  and  bio- 
graphers. The  earliest  account  of  the  pro- 
ceedings that  took  place  after  the  beheadal 
is  thus  narrated  by  W.  Oldys  in  his  '  Life  of 
Ralegh,'  published  in  1736  :— 

"His  head  was  struck  off  at  two  blows,  his  body 
never  shrinking  or  moving.  His  head  was  shewed 
on  each  side  of  the  scaffold,  and  then  put  into  a  red 
leather  bag,  and,  with  his  velvet  night-gown  thrown 
over  it,  was  afterwards  conveyed  away  in  a  mourn- 
ing coach  of  his  lady's His  head  was  long  pre- 
served in  a  case  by  his  widow,  for  she  survived  him 

twenty-nine  years and  after  her  death,  it  was 

kept  also  by  her  son  Carew,  with  whom  it  is  said 
to  have  been  buried"  (ccxxx). 

We  have  the  testimony  of  Bp.  G.  Goodman 
as  to  the  head  having  been  preserved  for 
many  years,  as  in  his  '  Court  of  James  I.'  (ed. 
Brewer,  1839)  he  notes,  "  I  know  where  his 
skull  is  kept  to  this  day  and  I  have  kissed 
it"(i.  69). 

Owing  to  the  circumstance  that  Carew 
Ralegh  at  one  time  possessed  an  estate  in  the 
parish  of  West  Horsley,  Surrey,  which  he 
sold  a  few  years  before  his  death,  many 
writers  have  been  led  to  believe  that  his 
remains  were  interred  in  the  church  there, 
his  father's  head  being  deposited  in  the  same 
grave.  That  this  is  incorrect  is  proved  partly 
by  the  absence  of  any  entry  in  the  burial 
register  of  West  Horsley  Church,  but  prin- 
cipally by  the  fact  of  his  burial  being  thus 
recorded  in  the  register  of  St.  Margaret's 
Church,  Westminster :  "  1666-7,  Jan.  1,  Carey 
Rawlegh,  Esq.,  kild.  m.  chancel." 

This .  seems  to  indicate  that  his  remains 
were  placed  in  or  alongside  the  grave  of  his 
father.  According  to  tradition  the  head  of 
the  latter  was  deposited  with  them,  and 
probably  in  this  case  tradition  is  correct; 
certain  is  it  that  we  possess  no  definite  in- 
formation respecting  it. 

T.  N.  BRUSHFIELD,  M.D. 

Salterton,  Devon. 

John  Timbs,  in  '  The  Romance  of  London, 
Historical  Sketches,  &c.,'  p.  68,  in  a  chapter 
devoted  to  the  'Execution  of  Sir  Walter 
Raleigh,'  says  : — 


.  i.  FEB.  is,  1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


131 


"  Cayley  adds The  head,  after  being  shown  on 

either  side  of  the  scaffold,  was  put  into  a  leather 
bag,  over  which  Sir  Walter's  gown  was  thrown,  and 
the  whole  conveyed  away  in  a  mourning  coach  by 
Lady  Raleigh.  It  was  preserved  by  her  in  a  case 
during  the  twenty-nine  years  which  she  survived 
her  husband,  and  afterwards  with  no  less  piety 
by  their  affectionate  son  Carew,  with  whom  it  is 
supposed  to  have  been  buried  at  West  Horsley,  in 
Surrey." 

This  latter  statement  we  know  to  be  wrong, 
for  the  register  of  St.  Margaret's  Church, 
Westminster,  records  the  burial  of  Carew 
Raleigh  on  1  January,  1666  ;  and  as  it  would 
appear  that  he  had  charge  of  the  precious  relic 
after  his  mother's  death,  it  is  not,  after  all, 
unlikely  that  the  head  was,  by  his  desire, 
interred  with  his  own  remains  in  his  father's 
grave  in  that  church  forty-eight  years  after  his 
father's  execution.  If  this  be  so,  I  think  that 
MR.  EASTERBROOK  will  see  that  the  paragraph 
about  which  he  writes  is  substantially  correct, 
although  it  is  not  very  clear  as  to  the  way  in 
which  the  tradition  is  "handed  down  from 
rector  to  rector,'"'  and  it  is  certainly  a  stretch 
of  imagination  to  speak  of  a  period  of  close 
on  half  a  century  as  "a  few  years  after- 
wards." 

I  have  seen  the  editor  of  the  St.  Margaret's 
Parish  Magazine,  by  whom  I  am  informed 
that  his  reason  for  not  inserting  the  letter 
which  he  received  was  that  he  did  not  con- 
sider the  matter  one  that  could  be  dealt  with 
in  its  pages.  W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 

C2,  The  Almshouses,  Rochester  Row,  S.W. 

PRIVY  COUNCIL  UNDER  JAMES  I.  (9th  S.  xii- 
367,  415).— James,  writing  from  Holyrood, 
27  March,  1603,  continued  the  Council  in 
"  their  offices  and  charges,"  and  in  a  second 
letter,  dated  28  March,  reappointed  the  Privy 
Councillors  (Nichols's  'Progresses  of  James  I.,' 
vol.  i.  p.  121). 

On  28  March  the  Privy  Council  in  London 
wrote  to  Lord  Eure  and  the  other  Commis- 
sioners at  Breame,  announcing  the  death  of 
Elizabeth,  and  stating  that  in  them  "there 
is  or  remaineth  no  further  authority  than  by 
provisional  care  to  apply  our  best  endeavours 
for  the  keeping  of  the  realm  in  tranquillity 
and  peace."  The  letter  bears  the  signatures 
of  the  following  councillors :  John  Cant., 
Tho.  Egerton,  C.S.,  T.  Buckhurst,  Notingham, 
Northumberland,  Gilb.  Shrewsbury,  Will. 
Derby,  E.  Worcester,  Ro.  Sussex,  J.  Lincolne, 
Ga.  Kildare,  Clanricard,  T.  Howard,  Ric. 
London,  Tho.  La  Warre,  Gray,  T.  Darcy,  Ed. 
Cromwell,  Ro.  Riche,  G.  Chandois,  William 
Compton,  W.  Knowles,  Jo.  Stanhope,  Jo. 
Fortescue,  Ro.  Cecill.  See  Nichols,  vol.  i. 
pp.  41-43,  and  Rymer's  'Fredera,'  vol.  xvi. 
p.  493. 


On  3  May,  when  James  arrived  at  Theo- 
balds on  his  way  to  London,  he  made  the 
following  Scotchmen  members  of  the  Council : 
Duke  of  Lennox,  Earl  of  Mar,  Lord  Home, 
Sir  George  Hume,  Sir  James  Elphingston, 
and  Lord  Kinloss ;  and  of  the  English 
nobility,  Lord  Henry  Howard,  Thomas,  Lord 
Howard,  and  Lord  Montjoy  (Nichols,  vol.  i. 
pp.  108-13).  Nichols  and  Rymer  will  furnish 
other  information.  J.  A.  J.  HOUSDEN. 

ST.  PATRICK  AT  ORVIETO  (10th  S.  i.  48). — 
St.  Patrick  was  at  Rome  in  431,  but  I  do  not 
know  that  he  was  ever  in  contact  with 
Orvieto.  The  well  to  which  F.  C.  W.  refers 
was  sunk  in  1528  by  Pope  Clement  VII.,  and 
Benvenuto  Cellini  designed  a  medal  with  a 
reverse  referring  to  the  event.  It  represented 
Moses  striking  the  rock,  and  was  inscribed 
"  Ut  bibat  populus."  On  tickets  of  admission 
to  view  St.  Patrick's  Well  it  is  stated : 
"  Questo  pozzo  e  detto  di  S.  Patrizio  par 
analogia  alia  caverna  dello  stesso  nome  che 
trovasi  in  Irlanda." 

A  note  (p.  160)  in  Roscoe's  translation  of 
Cellini's  '  Memoirs '  gives  a  better  descrip- 
tion of  the  work  than  I  could  otherwise 
furnish : — 

'It  was  cut  through  the  solid  rock  to  the  depth 
of  265  feet,  and  25  ells  wide.  It  has  two  flights  of 
hanging  steps,  one  above  the  other,  to  ascend  and 
descend,  executed  in  such  a  manner  that  even 
beasts  of  burden  may  enter ;  and  by  248  convenient 
steps  they  arrive  at  a  bridge,  placed  over  a  spring, 
where  the  water  is  laden.  And  thus,  without 
returning  back,  they  arrive  at  the  other  stairs, 
which  rise  above  the  first,  and  by  these  return 
from  the  well  by  a  passage  different  to  the  one  they 
entered." 

Si.  SwiTHIN. 

The  well  of  St.  Patrick  at  Orvieto  is,  I 
imagine,  not  called  after  St.  Patrick  the 
Apostle  of  the  Irish,  but  takes  its  name  from 
one  of  the  other  St.  Patricks.  August  Pott- 
bast's  catalogue  of  saints  in  his  '  Bibliotheca 
Historica  Medii  JEvi '  is  the  best  list  of  the 
kind  with  which  I  am  acquainted.  It  con- 
tains four  St.  Patricks. 

EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

F.  C.  W.  may  find  Wright's  'St.  Patrick's 
Purgatory'  (1844)  of  some  service  in  deter- 
mining whether  the  well  at  Orvieto  had 
more  than  a  merely  nominal  connexion  with 
the  saint.  Its  celebrity  would  be  sufficiently 
accounted  for  by  the  peculiarities  of  its  con- 
struction and  by  its  magnitude ;  for  spiral 
staircases  and  a  width  of  46  feet  (or  43 
according  to  Baedeker)  are  somewhat  unusual 
features  of  a  well.  The  alternative  assump- 
tion, that  it  is  directly  connected  with 
St.  Patrick,  seems  to  imply  that  some  well 


132 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  FEB.  13,  im, 


at  Orvieto  was  reputed  to  be  the  portal  of 
Purgatory.  In  that  case  a  reference  or 
allusion  to  the  fact  might  be  confidently 
expected  in  Dante,  who,  in  all  likelihood, 
was  acquainted  with  an  early  form  of  the 
St.  Patrick  legend.  The  absence  of  such  an 
allusion,  which  would  have  been  penned  a 
couple  of  centuries  before  the  younger 
Antonio  di  Sangallo  began  operations, 
favours  another  view.  Alexander  VI.  is 
stated  to  have  abolished  the  revenues  arising 
from  the  pilgrimages  to  the  islet  ,  in  the 
Donegal  Lough  Derg  in  1497.  Taken  in 
conjunction  with  this,  and  with  the  widely 
received  account  of  St.  Patrick's  journey 
through  Purgatory,  the  Orvieto  dedication 
certainly  looks  like  an  attempt  to  give  the 
Irish  legend  a  new  local  habitation,  and 
incidentally,  I  suppose,  to  orvietanize  the 
pagan  king  whom  St.  Patrick  so  adroitly 
conveyed  to  warmer  regions  than  he  himself 
cared  to  visit.  J.  DORMER. 

FITZHAMON  (10th  S.  i.  47).— G.  H.  W.  asks 
whether  Hamo  or  Hamon  was  a  common 
Norman  Christian  name.  It  was  not  among 
the  most  popular,  but  cannot  be  said  to  have 
been  uncommon.  I  have  met  with  it  pretty 
often.  The  following  three  examples  occur 
in  Mr.  I.  H.  Jeayes's  '  Catalogue  of  the 
Berkeley  Charters.'  There  are  probably 
others  in  the  same  volume:  Charter  executed 
at  Bristol  in  1153,  witnessed  by  "Willelmus 
filius  Hamonis"  (2) ;  quitclaim  of  the  time  of 
Richard  I.,  witnessed  by  Hamo  de  Valoune 
(21) ;  grant  of  the  time  of  Henry  III.,  wit- 
nessed by  Hamo  Peverel  (111). 

EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

The  following  extract  from  a  pedigree  oi 
Alen  by  Sir  William  Hawkins,  Ulster,  1785, 
quoted  in  a  paper  of  mine  on  the  Alens  oi 
St.  Wolstan's  in  the  Kildare  Archseologica" 
Society's  Journal,  July,  1903,  may  be  of  use 
to  G.  H.  W.  :— 

"  The  Genealogy  of  the  Alens  of  Saint  Wolstan's 
of  the  Lineal  Descent  of  Sir  John  Alen,  Banneret 
who  came  into  England  with  William  the  Con 
queror,  Duke  of  Normandy,  originally  descendec 
and  deriving  his  Pedigree  from  the  Dukes  of  Nor 
mandy.  As  pr.  account  of  Sir  Thomas  Hawley 
principal  Herald  and  King  of  Arms  of  England  ir 
the  eighth  year  of  the  reign  of  King  Henry  the 
Eighth,  in  the  Annals  of  England.  Sir  John  Alen 
was  nephew  to  Robert  Fitzhammon  and  Richarc 
de  Granville,  and  was  with  them  at  the  Great  Battl 

of  Hastings  in  Sussex The  Conqueror  afterward 

bestowed  on  Richard  de  Granville  the  Lordship  o 
Beddiford,  with  other  large  possessions  in  Devon 

shire He  did  also  inherit  his  father's  Honours  in 

Normandy.  His  brother  Fitzhammon  being  kille 
in  France,  where  he  was  sent  by  King  Henry  Ist  a 
his  Chief  General,  &  also  upon  Sir  John  Alen,  th 
Conqueror  bestow'd  for  his  great  services  larg 


possessions  in  the  counties  of  Norfolk,  Cornwall, 
nd  Westmoreland  in  fee." 

H.  L.  L.  DENNY. 

MILESTONES  (10th  S.  i.  7).— Our  milestone 
has  undoubtedly  descended  to  us  from  the 
milliarium  which  the  Romans  placed  along 
the   sides   of   their    principal   roads,  in  the 
manner  still  customary  in  this  country,  and 
with  the  respective  distances  from  the  city 
nscribed  upon  them,  reckoned  at  intervals 
of  a  thousand  paces  (our  mile)  apart.    The 
custom,  says  Rich,  was  first  introduced  by 
3.  Gracchus— i.e.,  the  Roman  custom.     Rich, 
m  his  'Greek  and  Roman  Antiquities,'  gives 
an    illustration     representing    an    original 
Roman  milestone,  which  stood  in  1873  on 
the  Capitol,  but  originally  marked  the  first 
mile    from    Rome,    as    indicated     by     the 
numeral  I.  on   the   top  of  it.    It  is  in  the 
form  of  a  column.    Pliny  says  the  miles  on 
the  Roman  roads  were  distinguished  by  a 
pillar,  or  a  stone,  set  up  at  the  end  of  each 
of  them,  and  marked  with  one  or  more  figures 
denoting  how  far  it  was  from   the  golden 
milestone,  the  milliarium  aureum,  which  was 
erected  by  Augustus  at  the  top  of  the  Roman 
Forum  (see  Tacitus,  'Hist.,'  bk.  i.  ch.  xxvn.) 
to  mark   the  point  at  which  all  the  great 
military   roads    ultimately   converged.    For 
accounts  of  Roman  milestones  see  vol.  vni. 
of  Archceologia  (1785),  p.  85  ;  Montfaucon's 
'Antiquite  Expliquee;  Archceologia,  vol.  xxvu., 
p.  404  ;  and  the  Antiquary,  Sept.,  1883,  p.  130. 
About   fifty-six  Anglo-Roman    milestones 
have  been  recorded— some  with  legible  inscrip- 
tions.   One  of  the  latest  was  at  Lincoln  in 
the  year  1879,  which  is  of  the  time  of  Vic- 
torinus.   None  has,  as  yet,  been  found  earlier 
than  Hadrian,  or  later  than  Constantino  the 
Younger  (A.D.  336).   See  the  Rev.  Prebendary 
Scarth  on  the   'Roman  Milliaria'  found  m 
Britain,  Arch.  Journ.,  vol.  xxxiv.  pp.  395-405, 
and  his  'Roman  Britain,'  pp.  119-23. 

Something  similar,  in  the  way  of  a -land- 
mark, to  the  gilded  pillar  in  Rome  seems  to 
have  formerly  existed  in  the  City  of  London. 
Although  there  does  not  seem  to  be  any 
direct  evidence  that  the  Standard  in  Cornhill 
occupied  the  site  of  a  Roman  landmark  of 
this  nature,  yet  distances  were  measured 
from  the  Standard,  which  served  the  same 
purpose  as  the  milliarium  aureum,  and  several 
of  our  suburban  milestones  were  still  in- 
scribed in  Cunningham's  time  with  the 
numbers  of  miles  "from  the  Standard 
Cornhill."  There  was  a  Standard  in  Cornhill 
as  early  as  2  Henry  V.  ('  London  Chronicle, 
ed.  by  Sir  N.  H.  Nicolas,  p.  99).  The  Roman 
milestones  did  not,  however,  invariably  give 
the  distances  from  the  Pillar,  for  some  have 


i.  FEB.  is,  ION.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


133 


been  found  in  situ,  which  prove  that  such 
distances  were  sometimes  computed  from  the 
gates  of  the  city  ;  and  by  a  law  of  Tiberius, 
'  Rei  Agrarise  Auctores  Legesque  Varise ' 
(Amst.,  1674,  4to),  pp.  346-8,  the  Roman 
surveyors  were  also  authorized  to  use  sepul- 
chres for  purposes  of  boundary  and  for 
points  and  intersections  of  geometric  lines 
(see  Trans.  Lond.  and  Midd.  Arch.  Ass., 
vol.  iv.  part  i.  p.  61). 

Pennant  considered  that  the  stone  in  Pan- 
nier Alley,  which  lately  had  a  narrow  escape 
from  the  clutches  of  an  American,  had  the 
appearance  in  his  time  of  being  an  original 
Roman  sepulchral  stone,  an  opinion  which  is 
of  much  interest  when  it  is  associated  with 
the  fact  that  there  is— or  was,  as  it  is  said  to 
have  been  buried  in  situ  at  the  time  the 
Marble  Arch  was  re-erected  from  Buckingham 
Palace  at  Tyburnia — a  similar  one  at  Cum- 
berland Gate,  Hyde  Park,  where  soldiers 
were  shot  for  desertion  in  time  of  war.  Now 
this  stone  and  that  in  Pannier  Alley  are 
stated  to  be  exactly  equidistant  from  the 
Roman  sarcophagus  of  late  years  unearthed 
in  Westminster  Abbey  precincts,  the  three 
thus  forming  a  triangle,  and  I  believe  there 
was  a  similar  significance  attached  to  the  dis- 
covery of  the  Roman  sarcophagus  at  Lower 
Clapton  (see  pamphlet  by  Mr.  B.  Clarke). 
The  tablet  recording  the  site  of  Hicks  Hall 
states  that  that  Sessions  House  stood  1  mile 
1  furlong  and  13  yards  from  the  Standard  in 
Cornhill.  "Mile-huts,"  to  supersede  the  mile- 
stone, were  suggested  by  the  compilers  of 
Rees's  '  Cyclopaedia,'  v.  '  Milestone.' 

J.   HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 
161,  Hammersmith  Road. 

The  inference  that  few  English  highways 
were  provided  with  milestones  in  1743  finds 
some  support  in  Macaulay's  graphic  descrip- 
tion of  the  deplorable  state  of  the  roads  half 
a  century  or  so  earlier.  Milestones,  in  fact, 
imply  thoroughfares  kept  in  serviceable  con- 
dition ;  to  a  succession  of  quagmires  they  are 
but  ironical  accessories  ;  and  a  succession  of 
quagmires  is  what  our  immediate  forefathers 
too  frequently  dignified  by  the  name  of  a 
road.  Yet  for  fifteen  centuries  there  had 
existed  monuments  showing  how  the  greatest 
road-builders  of  antiquity  appreciated  the 
measured  way — Hadrian's  Wall,  studded  with 
mile-castles,  for  example.  That  the  Roman 
public  roads  were  accurately  divided  by  mile- 
stones is  carefully  recorded  by  the  voluminous 
Gibbon ;  and,  indeed,  the  inscriptions  on  these 
miliaria  have  proved  of  great  value  to  the 
classical  topographer.  As  to  who  first  erected 
them,  Duruy,  referring  to  Plutarch  and 
figuring  two  restorations,  says :  "  L'usage 


de  ces  bornes  doit  etre  beaucoup  plus  ancien 
que  Gracchus,  qui  passe  pour  Favoir  etabli" 
('  Hist,  des  Remains,'  i.  151  ;  iv.  16).  But  it  is 
a  far  cry  from  the  milestones  on  the  Croydon 
road  to  their  predecessors  on  the  stately 
Appian  Way.  J.  DORMER. 

Milestones  in  England  appear  to  have 
come  into  modern  use  with  the  Turnpike 
Acts  in  the  early  part  of  the  eighteenth 
century.  In  an  Act  relating  to  the  Great 
Post  Road  from  London  to  Chester  (1744) 
the  trustees  are  empowered  to  measure  the 
roads  and  erect  "milestones."  So  says  a 
correspondent  at  9th  S.  v.  499  ;  while  another 
stated  that  the  first  milestones  erected  in 
England  were  set  up  between  Cambridge 
and  London  in  1729. 

EVERARD   HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

If  MR.  W.  MOY  THOMAS  looks  up  'The 
Beauties  of  England  and  Wales,'  he  will  find 
several  allusions  to  Roman  milestones.  Two 
occur  in  the  volume  dealing  with  Northum- 
berland, published  in  1813.  Writing  on  Little 
Chesters,  or  the  Bowers,  the  author  says  on 
p.  122,  vol.  xii.  part  i.  : — 

"  At  Coldley-gate,  where  the  Via  Vincialis  crosses 
Bardon  Burn,  is  a  mile  pillar  about  seven  feet  high, 
placed  at  the  foot  of  a  large  tumulus  ;  and  a  mile 
further  up  the  Causeway,  another  broken  in  two." 

On  p.  141  he  states,  under  the  heading  of 
Redesdale  and  Risingham  : — 
"  This  is  the  modern  name  of  a  Roman  station. 

Opposite  this  station  lie  many  large  stones 

Forty  years  ago,  a  mile  pillar  was  standing,  a  mile 
south  of  the  station,  and  at  the  present  time  there 
is  one  used  as  a  gate-post,  opposite  the  door  of 
the  inn  at  Woodbridge. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D.,  F.R.Hist.S. 
Bradford. 

ENVELOPES  (9th  S.  xii.  245,  397,  434,  490 ; 
10th  S.  i.  57).— With  the  data  supplied  by  SIR 
HERBERT  MAXWELL,  MR.  PEET,  MR.  MERRITT, 
and  others,  it  is  hardly  necessary  to  produce 
further  evidence  to  prove  that  envelopes,  as 
we  know  them,  were  in  use  for  postal  pur- 
poses long  previous  to  1840.  With  regard  to 
"  franking,"  I  never  mentioned  its  use  by 

Erivate  persons.  My  statement  was  that  I 
ad  seen  envelopes  so  endorsed  for  the  purpose 
of  free  postage  since  1840.  Lord  Fortescue's 
were  so  transmitted  through  the  Post  Office 
when  he  was  Lord  Lieutenant  of  the  county. 
The  Duke  of  Cambridge's  private  envelope, 
franked  "  Cambridge,"  was  received  by  me  in 
1890,  free  of  postage.  I  am  well  aware  of  the 
modern  habit  of  placing  signatures  upon  the 
face  of  an  envelope,  but  this  of  course  does 
not  constitute  a  "free  delivery."  My  state- 


134 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  FEB.  19,  wo*. 


ment  that  "stamped  covers"  were  used  in 
Australia  previous  to  Rowland  Hill's  scheme 
— to  be  precise,  in  1838— was  culled  from  an 
interesting  article  on  'Stamp  Collecting,' 
•written  in  October  last  by  Mr.  C.  H.  Bulli- 
vant.  In  giving  the  name  of  Randolph  as  a 
Post-Master  I  merely  quoted  from  Haydn's 
'Dictionary  of  Dates,'  as  could  easily  be  seen 
by  the  context.  A  great  amount  of  informa- 
tion regarding  'Postage  and  Post  Office' 
may  be  found  in  the  '  Dictionary  of  Com- 
merce,' a  copy  of  which  I  have,  dated  1835, 
which  quotes  from  Herodotus,  lib.  viii.  c.  98 ; 
Bergier,  '  Histoire  des  Grands  Chemins,' 
lib.  iv.  c.  4  ;  '  Bouchand  sur  la  Police  des 
Remains,'  pp.  136-51 ;  Black,  '  Commerce,' 
book  i.  c.  viii. ;  Macpherson's  '  History  of 
Commerce,'  1784,  &c.  THORNE  GEORGE. 

My  memory  takes  me  back  to  1830-40,  and 
I  saw  a  good  deal  of  correspondence,  private, 
official,  and  of  M.P.s.  My  impression  is  that 
small  envelopes  were  in  use  for  invitations 
delivered  by  hand,  and  occasionally  for  official 
correspondence  and  for  franks  by  M.P.s., 
•which  were  given  to  friends,  and  occasionally 
sold  by  impecunious  members  of  Parliament. 
Their  use  for  ordinary  post-letter  purposes 
was  impossible,  owing  to  the  vigilance  of  the 
Post -Office  authorities.  Anything  which 
appeared  to  contain  a  second  piece  of  paper 
was  charged  double  postage.  I  remember 
once  folding  up  a  letter  in  an  unusual  way, 
•which  I  thought  clever,  but  the  receiver  was 
charged  double  postage  for  it  in  consequence. 

As  regards  the  extra  halfpenny  upon  Scotch 
letters,  my  impression  is  that  this  charge  was 
to  cover  the  tolls  which  had  to  be  paid  in 
Scotland,  while  in  England  mails  passed  all 
toll-bars  free.  Envelopes  only  came  into 
general  use  in  1840,  when  the  penny  post  was 
introduced.  G.  C.  W. 

MR.  HOUSDEN  is  probably  right  in  saying' 
"When  ordinary  private  letters  were  first 
sent  by  post  is  a  question  more  easily  asked 
than  answered."  No  doubt  the  practice  of 
including  private  letters  among  those  from 
and  to  the  king  or  State,  for  which  the  post 
was  originally  instituted,  was  of  slow  growth  ; 
but  Mr.  Joyce,  in  his  '  History  of  the  Post 
Office,'  conclusively  shows  that  the  earliest 
postal  reformer  of  real  eminence,  Witherings, 
was  the  man  who,  in  Charles  I.'s  reign,  made 
of  an  irregular  practice  an  organized  system. 
After  Witherings's  three  years'  able  manage- 
ment of  the  foreign  posts,  the  king  com- 
missioned him,  in  1635,  to  put  the  inland 
posts  into  better  order.  It  was  surely  time, 
since  the  keepers  of  the  post-houses,  as 
appears  from  the  petition  of  the  unfortunate  ' 


"99  poore  men,"  had,  so  far  back  as  1628. 
received  no  wages  for  nearly  seven  years,  and 
some  were  in  prison  for  debt.  A  detailed 
account  of  Witherings's  plan  will  be  found  in 
Mr.  Joyce's  interesting  pages.  "The  term 
'  post,' "  as  he  reminds  us,  "  meant  nothing 
more  than  the  carrier  or  bearer  of  the  letter." 
And  again  : — 

"  The  term  '  postage,'  in  the  sense  of  a  charge 
upon  a  letter,  is  comparatively  modern.  The  term 
is,  indeed,  used  in  the  Act  of  1660,  but  there  it 
signifies  the  hire  of  a  horse  for  travelling ;  '  Each 
horse's  hire  or  postage.' " 

MR.  HOUSDEN  may  be  interested  to  learn 
from  the  same  authority  that  "  the  Act  of 
1764  is  the  first  to  use  it" — i.e.,  the  term 
"  postage  "  as  applied  to  letters— although  I 
fear  this  information  cannot  do  much  to 
lessen  the  difficulty  of  answering  the  question 
as  to  when  private  letters  first  travelled  in 
company  with  those  of  the  State. 

ELEANOR  C.  SMYTH. 
Harborne. 

MUNDY  (9th  S.  xii.  485 ;  10tb  S.  i.  31).— MR. 
PERCY  DRYDEN  MUNDY  is  surely  in  error 
when  he  asserts  that  Lord  Edmund  Howard, 
son  of  the  second  Duke  of  Norfolk,  married 
Margaret,  daughter  of  Sir  John  Mundy, 
Lord  Mayor  of  London  (1522-3).  Lord 
Edmund  Howard  was,  so  far  as  I  can  dis- 
cover, only  twice  married  :  firstly  to  Joyce 
Culpepper,  by  whom  he  was  father  of  Queen 
Katharine  Howard,  and  secondly  to  one 
Dorothy  Troyes.  Perhaps,  however,  MR. 
MUNDY  can  advance  some  proof  to  the  effec 
that  the  "Margaret  Hawarde"  of  Sir  Joh 
Mundy's  will  was  Lord  Edmund's  wife. 

GERALD  BRENAN.  . 

Willesden. 

PINDAR  FAMILY  (9th  S.  xii.  448).  —  Your 
correspondent  may  perhaps  find  in  Wesley's 
'Journal,'  20  July,  1774,  5  July,  1788,  some- 
thing to  his  purpose.  "  Mr.  Pinder  "  is  almost 
certainly  Robert,  rather  than  John,  "of  the 
two  brothers  set  forth  in  the  '  Alumni 
Oxonienses.'  The  volume  of  '  Lincolnshire 
Pedigrees'  (Harleian  Soc.,  No.  50)  containing 
letter  P  has  not  come  to  my  hand.  Sir  Wm. 
Dugdale  disallowed  the  baronetcy  of  the 
Pindars  of  [?  ]  at  his  visitation  of  1663 

(Wotton).     But  are  these  connected  Pindars  ? 

F. 

Sir  Paul  Pindar,  to  whom  MR.  LEWIS  LAM- 
BERT refers,  was  born  at  Wellingborough, 
Northamptonshire,  in  1565  or  1566.  His 
arms  are  given  in  Northamptonshire  Notes  and 
Queries,  vol.  i.  p.  160,  as  a  chevron  argent 
between  three  lions'  heads  erased  ermine, 
crowned  or.  They  are  engraved,  I  believe. 


.  i.  FEB.  is,  1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


135 


on  the  Communion  plate  presented  to  Wel- 
lingborough  Parish  Church  by  Sir  Paul  in 
1634.  Possibly  information  might  therefore 
be  elicited  concerning  the  Pindar  family 
from  Wellingborough ;  from  Peterborough, 
where  the  cathedral  authorities  possess  Com- 
munion plate  presented  by  Sir  Paul  in  1639  ; 
or  from  the  Bodleian  Library,  to  which  he 
sent  Arabic,  Persian,  and  other  valuable 
manuscripts  in  1611.  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

Your  correspondent  will  do  well  to  look  at 
the  pedigree  of  Pinder  in  Joseph  Hunter's 
*  Families  Minorum  Gentium,'  ii.  485  (Harl. 
Soc.).  One  of  this  family  became  the  direct 
ancestor  of  the  present  Earl  Beauchamp  by 
marrying  the  heiress  of  the  Lygons.  The 
name  Pinder  was  subsequently  changed  for 
that  of  Lygou  by  Act  of  Parliament. 

W.  C.  B. 

There  are,  I  am  told,  no  members  of  this 
family  now  surviving  at  Owston,  but  there 
are  several  Finders  or  Pindars  (I  have  seen 


6th  S.  xii.  29 ;  9th  S.  iii.  203  ;  and  instances 
in  the  singular  were  given  in  the  Times  of 
31  October,  1903.  Two  questions  need  to  be 
decided  :  (1)  how  many  hands  does  the  person 
kiss  ?  (2)  has  the  official  form  of  the  phrase 
ever  been  current  in  the  plural  ?  •  A  stray 
quotation  proves  nothing.  I  limit  the  inquiry 
to  the  official  kissing  of  the  sovereign's  hand. 
Dr.  Murray  (vol.  v.  p.  714,  col.  3,  under 
'Kiss,'  6)  says  "  to  kiss  the  hand  (hands)  of  a 
sovereign" — whereby  placing  "hands "within 
brackets  he  seems  to  show  uncertainty 
about  the  plural — and  gives  nine  quotations, 
from  1575  to  1854.  Four  of  these  are  in  the 
plural ;  those  of  1654  and  1680  seem  to  be 
merely  rhetorical,  but  those  of  1768  and  1809 
are  in  the  form  used  in  the  newspapers  of 
to-day.  W.  C.  B. 

There  seems  to  me  no  difference  between 
the  expression  "  kissed  hands  "  and  "  kissed 
hand,"  except  that  one  is  singular,  the  other 
plural,  both  being  identical. 

In  '  Old  Mortality,'  when  the  promise  of  a 


the  name  spelt  both  ways  by  people  bearing    commission  is  given  to  Sergeant  Bothwell  by 


it)  in  the  neighbouring  parishes  of  Haxey, 
Epworth,  and  Belton.  C.  C.  B. 

There  is  an  extended  description,  in  the 
Daily  Advertiser  of  26  April,  1742,  of  the 
mansion  house  and  its  appurtenances  of 
"Thomas  Pindar,  Esq.,  deceas'd,  situate  at  Totten- 
ham High  -  Cross,  being  a  beautiful  four-square 
Ground  Brick  Building,  sash'd ;  a  Front  every  way, 
and  Rustick  Quoin  Corners,  with  an  Entablature  all 
round,  a  Compass  Pediment  in  the  Front  next  the 
Road,  painted  with  the  Four  Seasons,  a  handsome 
Court- Yard,  with  Iron  Rails  and  Gates,  with  a 
Walk  of  Free  Stone  up  to  a  Flight  of  seven  Steps 
with  Iron  Rails,  which  lead  into  the  Hall,"  &c. 
The  mansion  house,  to  judge  from  this  para- 
graph, and  a  continuation  of  the  account  in 
the  news-sheet  mentioned,  must  have  been 
one  of  considerable  importance  in  its  time, 
and  would  afford  a  clue,  possibly,  to  that 
branch  of  the  Pindars  whose  representative 
appears  to  have  occupied  the  house.  John  le 
Pinder  is  mentioned  in  the  'Rotuli  Litterarum 
Clausarum  in  Turri  Londinensi ' ;  Henry  le 
Pyriderin  the  Writs  of  Parliament ;  and  John 
le  Pindere  in  'Excerpta  e  Rotulis  Finium  in 
Tun-i  Londinensi'  (see  Bardsley's  'English 
Surnames,'  1884,  p.  235). 

J.  HOLDER  MACMICHAEL. 

For  'Notes  on  the  Pindar  Family'  of 
London  between  1592  and  1784,  see  7th  S.  xii. 
26 ;  and  of  Chester,  Barbados,  and  else- 
where, p.  197.  EVEKARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

"KISSED  HANDS"  (9th  S.  xii.  445).— This 
phrase  has  already  been  discussed  in  'N.  &  Q.,' 


Claverhouse,  Scott  observes  :- 

"Bothwell  went  through  the  salutation  in  the 
manner  prescribed,  but  not  without  evident  marks 
of  haughty  reluctance,  and  when  he  had  done  so, 
said  aloud,  '  To  kiss  a  lady's  hand  can  never  dis- 
grace a  gentleman  ;  but  I  would  not  kiss  a  man's, 
save  the  King's,  to  be  made  a  general.' " — Chap.  xii. 

The  probable  date   of    this  is   1679,    when 
Charles  II.  was  king. 

But,  as    a  work  of    fiction    may  not  be 
regarded  as  of  primary  authority,   let  me 
quote  another  instance.   It  is  from  a  poem  in 
Latin  sapphics  called  'Villa  Bromhamensis,' 
by  Robert,  Lord  Trevor,  afterwards  created 
Viscount  Hampden,  in  1776,  by  George  III. : 
Hoc  ut  excudi  rude  carmen  et  jam 
Rusticus  factus  merus,  en  ad  aulam 
Devolo  meudax,  subito  vocante 
Rege  benigno. 

Ut  steti  coram  (prius  apprecatus 
More  non  quenquam  solito  Ministrum) 
Ille  mi  dextram  dedit  osculandam 
Sponte  suapte'. 

In  "  Explanations,"  notes  at  the  side  of  the 
poem,  it  is  observed,  "Sent  for  to  Court. 
Never  can  vast  Lord  North,  nor  even  apprised 
my  son-in-law  Lord  Suffolk,  then  Secretary 
of  State. — Kist  the  King's  hand,  June,  1776." 
JOHN  PICKFOED,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

PAMELA  (9th  S.  xii.  141,  330 ;  10th  S.  i.  52).— 
I  have  a  copy  of  "  Pamela  ;  or,  the  Fair  Im- 
postor. A  Poem  in  Five  Cantos.  By  J 

W ,  Esq. ;  London  :  Printed  for  E.  Bevins, 

under  the  Crown  Coffee-house,  against  Bed- 
ford-Row, Holborn :  And  Sold  by  J.  Roberts, 


136 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [10*  s.  i.  FKB.  13,  im. 


near  the  Oxford- Arms  in  Warwick  Lane. 
MDCCXLIV.  (Price  One  Shilling  and  Six- 
pence.)" In  it  are  plenty  of  examples  of 
Pamela,  e.g.  : — 

This  secret  soon  the  fair  Pamela  found, 
Whose  Beauty  spreads  unnumber'd  Conquests  round. 

C.  i.  1.  31. 

Here  first  Pamela  drew  the  vernal  Air, 
The  beauteous  daughter  of  this  happy  pair. 

C.  i.  1.  75. 

No  Maids  attend,  no  shining  Toilet's  grac'd, 
Pamela  's  only  by  Pamela  lac'd.             C.  iii.  1.  17. 
It  need  scarcely  be  said  that  the  Pamela  of 
the  above-mentioned  skit  is  a  very  different 
person  from  the  Pamela  of  Samuel  Richard- 
son's novel.     Who  was  J W ,  Esq.  ? 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

SHAKESPEARE'S  "VIRTUE  OF  NECESSITY" 
(10th  S.  i.  8,  76,  110).— A  few  years  ago  a 
writer  in  the  English  Historical  Eevieiv  stated* 
that  the  phrase  "faciens  virtutem  de  necessi- 
tatem  "  was  used  in  the  twelfth  century  by 
William  of  Tyre.  I  should  have  included 
this  information  in  my  observations  at  the 
second  reference!  but  for  the  fact  that  the 
Review  writer  did  not  cite  "chapter  and 
verse."  Perhaps  one  of  your  readers  can 
supply  this  omission.  Grimm's  'Deutsches 
Worterbuch'  quotes  (s.v.  'Noth')  some  old 
examples,  one  of  which  (not  the  earliest), 
dated  1545,  is  thus  expressed  in  rime  : — 
Wir  miissen  doch  inn  unsern  Sachen 
Usz  der  Nodt  ein  Tuget  machen. 

With  regard  to  Shakespeare's  use  of  the 
proverb,  the  writer  of  an  article  in  the 
Nineteenth  Century  for  February,  entitled 
'A  Forgotten  Volume  in  Shakspeare's 
Library,'  discourses  of  a  rare  book  published 
in  1581,f  with  a  view  to  "showing  that  the 
great  poet  was  in  no  small  measure  indebted  " 
thereto.  The  Nineteenth  Century  writer  is  of 
opinion  that  if  Shakespeare  used  the  proverb 
at  second  hand  he  borrowed  it  from  Pettie 
rather  than  from  any  other  author,  and 
quotes  the  following  from  the  'Civile  Con- 
versation' (i.  5):  "Whereof  followeth  a 
vertue  of  necessite."  Whatever  the  value  of 
this  opinion,  it  strengthens  my  belief  that 
the  proverb  was  as  familiar  to  Shakespeare's 
English  as  to  his  foreign  contemporaries. 

F.  ADAMS. 

SADLER'S  WELLS  PLAY  ALLUDED  TO  BY 
WORDSWORTH  (10th  S.  i.  7,  70,  96).— The  'New 
Burletta  Spectacle,  Edward  and  Susan,'  was 
produced  at  Sadler's  Wells  Theatre  on  the 


*  Vol.  ix.  p.  7,  note  13. 

t  "  The  Civile  Conversation  of  M.  Steeuen  Guazzo, 
written  first  in  Italian,  and  nowe  translated  out  of 
French  by  George  Pettie." 


opening  night  of  the  season,  Easter  Monday, 
11  April,  1803.  It  was  written  by  Charles 
Dibdin  the  younger  (manager  and  part- 
proprietor  of  the  house),  and  composed  by  W. 
Reeve,  the  scenery  being  painted  by  R.  C. 
Andrews.  The  principal  characters  were  by 
"Mr.  King  (his  first  appearance  here  these  five 
years),  Mr.  Smith,  Mr.  Townsend,  late  of  the 
Theatre  Royal,  Covent-Garden  (his  first  appearance 
at  this  Theatre),  and  Mrs.  C.  Dibdin/'' 

The  lyrics,  with  descriptions  of  the  scenery, 
in  many  of  my  grandfather's  Sadler's  Wells 
pieces  were  printed,  but  I  have  not  seen  a 
copy  of  this  one.  Some  idea  of  the  manner 
in  which  the  Cumbrian  Arcadia  was  presented 
in  it  may  be  evolved  from  the  further  infor- 
mation advertised  : — 

"  In  the  course  of  the  Piece  an  incidental  Ballet 
(composed  by  Mr.  King)  in  which  Mr.  King  and 
Mad.  St.  Amand,  will  dance  a  Pas  Deux,  ac- 
companied on  the  Harp.  Mr.  L.  Bologna  and  Mr. 
Banks  will  dance  a  Comic  Pas  Deux,  accompanied, 
on  the  Union  Pipes,  by  Mr.  Fitzmaurice  (his  first 
appearance  in  London) ;  and  Miss  Gayton,  pupil  of 
Mr.  Jackson,  late  of  Covent  Garden  Theatre,  only 
nine  years  of  age,  will  dance  a  Hornpipe  with  a 
Skipping  Rope  (her  first  appearance  in  Public)." 

It  was  also  announced  that, 

"  shortly  after  the  opening,  the  Proprietors  mean 
to  give  a  benefit,  the  profits  of  which  will  be 
appropriated  towards  the  Subscription  for  the 
Beauty  of  Buttermere,  particulars  advertised  in 
a  few  days." 

Of  the  result  of  this  benefit  (if  it  took  place) 
I  have  no  record.  The  two  principal  parts 
were  played  by  Townsend  and  Mrs.  Dibdin, 
the  former  introducing  a  new  song  (by 
Dibdin  and  Reeve)  called  'The  Mammoth 
and  Bonaparte.' 

In  his  '  Memoirs '  the  author  said  : — 
"The  pieces  which  I  wrote  for  our  opening  con- 
sisted of  'New  Brooms;  or,  the  Firm  Changed'; 
'  Edward  and  Susan  ;  or,  the  Beauty  of  Butter- 
mere,'  an  operatic  piece  in  rhyme,  founded  upon  a 
fact  which  had  but  recently  occurred,  implicating 
the  seduction,  by  fraudulent  marriage,  of  the 
daughter  of  the  keeper  of  the  Char  Inn,  near  the 
Lake  of  Buttermere  ;  and  for  which  the  perpetrator 
forfeited  his  life — in  each  of  these  two  pieces  Towns- 
end  played  the  principal  character ;  '  Jack  the 
Giant  Killer,'  a  serious  pantomime,  in  which  young 
Menage  performed  Jack,  and  Signer  Belzoni,  who 
was  remarkably  tall,  and  an  uncommonly  fine  pro- 
portioned man,  played  the  Giant,  whose  dwarf 
was  most  whimsically  sustained  by  Mr.  Grimaldi, 
who  performed  in  every  line  ;  '  Fire  and  Spirit ;  or, 
a  Holiday  Harlequin,'  in  which  King  played  Harle- 
quin ;  Mr.  Hartland,  Pantaloon ;  Mr.  Grimaldi, 
Clown;  and  Mile.  St.  Pierre,  the  Columbine;  with 
a  Ballet,  composed  by  Mr.  Bologna,  junr.  ;  and  an 
Extraordinary  Gymnastic  Exhibition  by  Signr. 
Belzoni,  announced  as  '  the  Patagonian  Samson.' :> 

Of  the  scenery  it  is  recorded  that  "  we 
exhibited  as  beautiful  displays  of  Scenery 
as  any  Theatre  in  London."  'Edward  and 


s.  i.  FEB.  13, 19W.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


137 


Susan '  remained  in  the  bills  until  the  latter 
part  of  May,  and,  after  being  withdrawn,  was 
restored.  The  bill  for  27  June  contained  the 
pieces  witnessed  by  Mary  Lamb  a  week  or 
two  later,  including  that  which  she  inaccu- 
rately styled  '  Mary  of  Buttermere.'  As  the 
performers  during  the  evening  included  the 
incomparable  Grimaldi  and  that  remark- 
able man  Belzoni,  afterwards  famous  as  a 
traveller,  it  is  more  comprehensible  that 
Charles  Lamb  and  Miss  Rickman  laughed 
than  that  Southey  and  Rickman  slept. 
Perhaps  they  had  paid  too  much  attention 
to  the  "  white  or  red  foreign  unadulterated 
wine,"  which  was  supplied  at  Is.  a  pint  to 
patrons  of  the  house. 

E.   RlMBAULT  DlBDIN. 

"  P.  P.,  CLERK  OF  THE  PARISH  "  (10th  S.  i. 
88). — There  is  a  full  account  of  him,  with 
many  extracts,  including  one  from  Carlyle, 
in  a  book  of  reference  which  is  not  sufficiently 
used,  Wheeler's  '  Noted  Names  of  Fiction ' 
(Bohn,  1870),  p.  299.  Pope  introduces  him 
in  '  Martinus  Scriblerus.'  W.  C.  B. 

The  work  to  which  Carlyle  refers  is 
'  Memoirs  of  P.  P.,  Clerk  of  this  Parish.'  It 
is  given  at  length  in  Elwin  and  Courthop.e's 
edition  of  Pope  (x.  435-44).  It  is  one  of 
the  '  Martiuus  Scriblerus '  publications,  and 
there  is  little  doubt  that  it  was  written  by 
Pope,  with  some  small  assistance  from  Gay. 
That  its  purpose  was  to  ridicule  Burnet's 
'History  of  my  Own  Times'  is  confirmed  by 
Pope's  denial  of  the  fact  in  the  Prolegomena 
to  the  '  Dunciad  '  (op.  cit.,  iv.  64). 

DAVID  SALMON. 

[Replies  also  from  MR.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL, 
MR.  D.  B.  MOSELEY,  and  W.  T.] 

SNOWBALL  (9th  S.  x.  307,  453).— MR.  SNOW- 
BALL will  find  much  information  by  perusing 
the  registers  of  Ryton  and  Whickham.  These 
are  printed  and  published. 

H.  C.  SURTEES. 

ST.  BRIDGET'S  BOWER  (10th  S.  i.  27,  70).— 
Samuel  Pegge,  writing  about  1735,  states  : — 

"But  as  to  St.  Bridget's  Bower,!  have  enquired 
of  the  aged  Dr.  Brett  and  Mr.  Bull,  and  cannot 
learn  that  there  is  any  one  remarkable  hill  in  this 
county  so  called  ;  and  I  incline  to  believe  that  the 
large  and  long  ridge  of  hills  that  passes  east  and 
west  the  whole  length  of  the  county  above  Boxley, 
Hollingbourne,  &c.,  is  meant  by  this  expression." 
R.  J.  FYNMORE. 

EPITAPH  ON  SIR  JOHN  SEYMOUR  (10th  S.  i. 
87).— Probably  " peripatetite "  is  meant  for 
peripatetici  ;  then  the  inscription  is  probably 
this :  "  Age  peripatetici,  dum  intuearis 
cineres  defuncti,  mortis  en  sacellus  brevi 
fortassis  tuse."  F.  P. 


INSCRIPTION  ON  STATUE  OF  JAMES  II.  (10th 
S.  i.  67). — I  am  glad  to  learn  from  the  query 
contributed  by  R.  S.  that  this  statue  has 
at  last  been  set  up  again  in  London.  Its 
original  position  in  Whitehall  Gardens  was  a 
little  out  of  the  way,  and  it  was  carried 
thence  in  1896  to  a  site  in  the  garden 
fronting  Gwydyr  House,  Whitehall.  In  the 
Coronation  year  it  was  apparently  displaced 
in  order  to  make  room  for  a  stand  from 
which  to  view  the  procession.  The  question 
of  its  ultimate  fate  has  since  been  discussed 
several  times  in  the  press. 

The  following  copy  of  the  inscription  on 
the  pedestal  was  taken  by  me  in  October, 
1888  :— 

JACOBVS  SECVNDVS 

DEI  GRATIA 

ANGLIC  SCOTLE 

FRANCIS  ET 

HIBERNI.E 

REX 

FIDEI   DEFENSOR 
ANNO  MDCLXXXVI. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

The  inscription  has  evidently  been  shorn 
of  its  greater  part,  and  the  last  word  altered. 
It  is  given  in  full  in  'Magnse  Britannise 
Notitia ;  or,  the  Present  State  of  Great 
Britain,'  by  John  Chamberlayne,  1723,  p.  258. 
The  statue  then  had  a  pedestal  of  marble. 
J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

FRENCH  MINIATURE  PAINTER  (10th  S.  i.  86). 
— Madame  Vigee  Le  Brun,  the  celebrated 
French  portrait  painter,  whose  exquisite  por- 
trait of  Madame  Recamier  is  well  known, 
was  born  in  Paris  in  1756.  Her  great 
speciality  being  portraits,  she  is  doubtless 
the  painter  required.  MATILDA  POLLARD. 

Belle  Vue,  Bengeo. 

I  fancy  that  the  reference  is  to  Madame 
Lebrun,  previously  Mile.  Vigee,  of  whom  an 
account  will  be  found  in  Bouillet's  'Diet, 
d'flistoire  et  de  Geographic.' 

EDWARD  LATHAM. 

A  reference  to  Bryan's  '  Dictionary  of 
Painters  and  Engravers'  (G.  Bell  &  Sons, 
1899)  yields  the  following  French  painters  of 
the  eighteenth  or  the  first  half  of  the  nine- 
teenth century  whose  names  begin  with 
Vig  :  E.  L.  Vigee,  known  as  Vigee  Le  Brun  ; 
Louis  Vigee,  her  father ;  J.  L.  H.  Viger ; 
Jean  Vignaud  ;  E.  de  Vigne  ;  F.  de  Vigne ; 
P.  R.  Vigneron ;  and  H.  F.  J.  de  Vignon. 

E.   RlMBAULT   DlBDIN. 

ASH  :  PLACE-NAME  (9th  S.  xii.  106,  211,  291, 
373  ;  10th  S.  i.  72,  113).— I  may  point  out  that 
in  Devonshire  alone  at  the  time  of  Domesday 


138 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  FEB.  13,  im 


there  were  no  fewer  than  seven  places  bear- 
ing the  name  of  Ash,  viz.,  Ash  Walter,  now 
known  as  Ash  water ;  Ashreigny:  Ralph's 
Ash,  now  Roseash  (these  are  parishes) ;  and 
Ash  in  Petrockstow,  Brad  worthy,  South 
Taw  ton,  and  Braunton.  And  besides  the 
simple  Ash,  the  name  appears  in  combination 
in  Ashcombe,  Ashford,  and  Ashleigh. 

OSWALD  J.  REICHEL. 
Lympstone,  Devon. 

"BiSK"  (9th  S.  xii.  186,  375).  — In  'The 
Book  of  the  Table'  is  this  derivation  : — 

"Bisque — biset,  old  French  for  wood -pigeon; 
derived  from  bois,  whose  root  is  the  Low  Latin 
boscus,  whence  the  English  bosk,  busk,  bush,  and 
the  French  bisque,  bois,  buis,  and  buisson." 

As  the  stock  of  crayfish  soup  appears  origin- 
ally— whatever  may  be  the  case  now  in  the 
exquisite  "  Potage  a  la  Bisque  "  served  at  the 
Cafe  de  la  Paix,  Paris — to  have  been  made  of 

§igeon  stewed  down,  the  soup  seems  to  have 
erived  its  name  therefrom.  HELGA. 

ANATOMIE  VIVANTE  (9th  S.  xii.  49,  157).— 
MB.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL  says  that  "a 
writer  in  the  Daily  Telegraph  of  31  December, 

1902, seems  to  be  in  error  in  saying  that 

the  '  Anatomie  Vivante'  was  exhibited  at  the 
Egyptian  Hall ";  but  in  '  Old  and  New  Lon- 
don *  (Cassell  &  Co.,  1890,  vol.  iv.  p.  257)  it  is 
stated  :  "Here  [Egyptian  Hall],  in  1825,  was 
exhibited  a  curious  phenomenon  known  as 
'  the  Living  Skeleton,'  or  '  the  Anatomie 
Vivante,'  of  whom  a  short  account  will  be 
found  in  Hone's  'Every-Day  Book.'" 

EDWARD  LATHAM. 

SALEP  OR  SALOP  (9th  S.  xii.  448 ;  10th  S.  i. 
97). — A  similar  question,  with  replies,  will  be 
found  in  7th  S.  vi.  468  and  vii.  34.  To  what 
has  been  already  said  let  me  add  that  salep 
is  not  always  obtained  from  the  orchid-tuber. 
The  late  Dr.  Aitchison,  who  accompanied 
the  Afghan  Delimitation  Commission  during 
1884,  showed — see  'Annals  of  Botany,'  iii. 
(1889),  p.  154— that  the  source  of  badsha,  or 
royal  salep,  is  a  species  of  Allium— probably 
A.  macleanii.  I.  B.  B. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

Early  English  Printed  Books  in  the  University 
Library,  Cambridge  (1475  to  1640).  3  vols.  (Cam- 
bridge, University  Press. ) 

THIS  important  contribution  to  bibliographical 
knowledge  grew,  as  the  compiler  tells  us,  out  of  an 
earlier  and  a  different  scheme.  It  was  accomplished 
in  spite  of  innumerable  difficulties,  not  the  least  of 
which  were  the  limitations  of  the  library  itself  and 
the  gaps  inevitable  in  the  University  collection, 
which  are  frankly  stated  to  be  enormous.  As  the 


labour  progressed  its  scope  enlarged,  and  new 
matter  was  constantly  introduced  into  the  text. 
There  are  few  conscientious  workers  who  will  not 
greet  with  a  sympathetic  sigh  the  statement  that 
only  at  the  conclusion  of  the  work  "  did  it  begin  to 
be  apparent  on  what  lines  research  was  desirable." 
Part  I.  consists  of  incunabula,  which  are  divided 
into  books  printed  at  Westminster,  Oxford,  St. 
Albans,  and  London,  with  others  printed  abroad  at 
Bruges,  Cologne,  Venice,  Antwerp,  Louvain,  Paris, 
Rouen,  Basle,  Deventer,  and  one  place  unknown. 
But  small  in  this  department  is  the  collection,  the 
catalogue  occupying  only  33  pages  of  the  1 ,700  and  odd 
of  the  entire  work.  Most  of  the  early  books  are,  more- 
over, imperfect,  and  some  of  them  are  mere  frag- 
ments. Of  the '  Curial '  of  Alain  Chartier,  translated 
by  William  Caxton,  there  is  thus  but  a  single  leaf, 
and  of  '  The  Four  Sons  of  Aymon '  there  are  but 
four  leaves.  Some  of  the  works  are  unique  ;  and  we 
are  not  dreaming  of  disparaging  the  importance  of 
the  collection  or  its  interest,  though  many  curious 
lessons  might  be  drawn  from  its  shortcomings. 
The  incunabula  printed  abroad  consist  largely  of 
Breviaries  and  Missals.  Much  labour  has  necessarily 
been  expended  upon  the  volumes.  We  wonder  if  it 
is  ungracious  to  wish  that  a  little  more  had  been 
bestowed,  and  that  an  index  of  authors  had  been 
supplied  at  the  end,  so  that  we  might  discover  in 
an  instant  what  works  are  or  are  not  included  in 
the  collection.  We  might  then  without  difficulty 
find  out  what  books,  if  any.  of  distinguished  writers 
—or,  indeed,  of  alumni  of  the  University — it  may 
possess.  In  a  glance  through,  which  does  not  pre- 
terfd  to  be  more  than  cursory,  we  have  come  upon 
no  mention  of  Shakespeare  or  Milton.  Chaucer, 
Lydgate,  and  Gower  often  occur ;  but  it  would  be 
a  task  of  difficulty  to  ascertain  what  editions  of 
Chaucer's  works  are  to  be  found.  Gower's  'Con- 
fessio  Amantis'  is  traced  by  turning  to  Berthelet,  by 
whom  the  only  accessible  edition  is  issued,  and 
Barclay  appears  under  Cawood,  '  Stultifera  Navis.' 
On  the  other  hand,  much  information  not  elsewhere 
easily  accessible  is  given  in  the  shape  of  printers' 
marks,exact  situation  of  their  premises,  and  the  like.. 
All  bibliographers  will  desire  to  possess  the  three 
volumes.  To  those,  if  there  are  any  such,  who 
propose  to  continue  the  invaluable  labours  of  the 
Brunets,  Querards,  Barbiers,  Lowndeses,  &c.,  they 
will  be  of  immense  value.  It  is,  however,  a  sad  fact 
that  bibliographical  labours  on  an  extensive  scale  are 
unremunerative,  and  though  the  great  works  to 
which  we  refer  are  out  of  date  as  regards  the 
information  they  supply,  we  see  no  probability  of 
their  being  brought  up  to  the  present  time.  We  are 
not  sure,  even,  that  some  great  works  of  the  past  are 
suitable  to  modern  requirements.  Works  such  as 
the  present  must,  however,  always  have  value,  and 
cannot  easily  be  out  of  date.  They  constitute  to  the 
worker  a  species  of  m&noirespour  seri-ir,  in  which 
respect  their  value  cannot  easily  be  overestimated. 

Old  Time  Aldwych,  Kingsway,  and  Neighbourhood* 

By  Charles  Gordon.  (Fisher  Unwin.) 
It  is  natural  that  advantage  should  be  taken  of  the 
great  alterations  in  progress  between  the  Strand 
ind  Holborn  to  write  a  volume  concerning  the  dis- 
tricts now  in  course  of  being  swept  away.  Mr. 
Charles  Gordon,  to  whom  is  due  a  '  History  of  the 
Old  Bailey  and  Newgate,'  is  first  in  the  field, 
and  has  issued  through  Mr.  Fisher  Unwin  an 
account  of  the  movements  being  carried  out  and  a 
record  of  the  historical  aspects  of  the  region  invaded* 


10*  s.  i.  FEB.  is,  loo*.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


139 


As  the  work  is  liberally  illustrated,  it  forms  an 
interesting  souvenir  of  spots  which  all  living 
Londoners  recall,  and  an  indispensable  portion  of 
every  library  dealing  largely  with  what  are  called 
Londiniana.  Concerned  as  it  is  with  legislation 
regarding  the  new  streets  to  he  erected,  with 
conditions  of  competition,  and  with  the  compensa- 
tion to  be  accorded  to  the  owners  of  property,  such 
as  the  Gaiety  Theatre  and  the  Morning  Post,  the 
early  part,  though  important,  is  of  limited  interest. 
Much  of  the  text  is  made  up  of  reports  of  pro- 
ceedings of  the  County  Council  and  of  the  in- 
effectual attempt  to  induce  that  body  to  recon- 
sider a  portion  of  its  scheme. 

Not  until  the  fifth  chapter  is  reached  do  we  come 
upon  the  philological  and  historical  portion  of  the 
work,  upon  the  reasons  for  the  selection  of  the 
name  Aldwych  and  the  description  of  Danish  and 
Norwegian  influence  in  London,  and  especially  of 
the  Danish  settlement  around  St.  Clement's  Church. 
What  COL.  PRIDEAUX  says  in  '  N.  &  Q.,'  9th  S.  ii. 
81,  concerning-  the  village  of  J^ldwic  or  Aldwic, 
known  later  as  Aldewych,  and  of  Via  de  Aldewych, 
connecting  it  with  the  Hospital  of  St.  Giles,  is 
quoted.  We  hear  much  of  the  practice  of  nailing 
the  skins  of  Danes  upon  the  doors  of  churches.  The 
maypoles  of  later  times,  around  which  Nell  Gwyn 
may  have  danced,  are  depicted ;  and  there  is  an 
account  of  the  procession  of  the  "Scald  Miserable 
Masons"  on  27  August,  1742,  or,  preferably,  on 
7  April  of  the  same  year.  Very  many  antiquarian 
subjects  are  discussed  in  a  gossiping  fashion. 
Fiction  is  also  employed,  and  a  curious  proof  of 
the  influence  of  Dickens  is  furnished  in  the  inser- 
tion of  long  descriptive  passages  from  his  pen. 

On  Saying  Giace.    By  H.  L.  Dixon,  M.A.    (Parker 

&Co.) 

MR.  DIXON  has  put  together  a  very  complete  and 
scholarly  little  treatise  on  the  origin  and  growth  of 
the  pious  custom  in  which  acknowledgment  is  made 
of  a  Higher  Power  who  provides  man  with  his 
daily  sustenance,  and  to  whom,  consequently,  a 
meed  of  gratitude  is  due.  In  a  catena  of  passages 
from  classical  writers  and  theFathers  of  the  Church 
he  traces  the  historical  development  of  the  institu- 
tion from  remote  antiquity,  quoting  a  remark  of 
Athenfeus  that  "none  but  Epicureans  began  their 
meals  without  some  act  of  religion."  Even  that 
backward  people  the  Ainfis,  according  to  Mr. 
Batchelor  (whose  name,  by  the  way,  is  misspelt  by 
Mr.  Dixon),  have  a  rude  form  of  grace,  in  which 
they  thank  the  Divine  Nourisher  for  the  food  of 
which  they  are  about  to  partake.  The  formulae  of 
a  large  number  of  college  graces  are  given,  which  a 
little  more  trouble  on  the  part  of  the  author  would 
have  made  complete.  We  miss,  for  example,  the 
ancient  form  in  use  at  Trinity  College,  Dublin, 
which  bears  a  general  resemblance  to  that  used  at 
Clare  College,  Cambridge.  There  seems  to  be  a 
letter  redundant  in  the  phrase  "libare  paternam 
Jovi "  as  cited  by  Mr.  Dixon  (p.  75). 

The,    Story    of   the    Token.     By    Robert   Shiells, 

F.S.A.Scot.  (Oliphant  &  Co.) 
IT  must  every  day  become  more  difficult  to  find  a 
subject  for  a  book  which  is  not  already  trite  and 
hackneyed.  The  time  is  coming  when  the  specialist 
in  entomology,  e.^.,will  have  to  devote  his  com- 
prehensive monograph,  not  to  the  beetle,  but  to 
the  leg  or  other  member  of  that  vast  subject.  Mr. 
Shiells  has  discovered  for  himself  a  minute  depart- 


ment of  ecclesiastical  antiquities  which  was  still 
waiting  for  its  historian.  For  the  token  to  which 
Mr.  Shiells  has  devoted  his  reseaches  is  not  the 
private  coinage  of  small  denomination  with  which 
the  enterprising  tradesman  formerly  used  to  adver- 
tise his  firm,  but  the  little  leaden  tablet  or  medal 
which  Scottish  ministers  used  to  issue  to  their 
parishioners  as  a  passport  authorizing  their  admis- 
sion to  the  Holy  Table.  This  old-time  observance, 
once  distinctive  of  the  Presbyterian  Sabbath,  is 
now  rapidly  becoming  extinct,  and  it  has  been  the 
author's  laudable  ambition  to  make  a  collection  of 
these  symbola  or  Communion  vouchers,  and  then, 
as  a  natural  sequence,  to  write  their  "  story." 
Sooth  to  say,  these  leaden  dumps  have  little  to 
recommend  them  as  works  of  art.  They  are  rude 
and  inartistic,  and  South  Kensington  would  not  be 
the  poorer  if  none  of  them  survived.  The  prevail- 
ing design  consists  merely  of  a  date  and  the  initials 
of  the  minister.  They  have  not  even  the  charm  of 
antiquity  to  recommend  them,  as  they  date  chiefly 
from  the  eighteenth  century,  and  the  very  earliest 
only  go  back  to  the  first  quarter  of  the  seventeenth. 
There  is  mention,  however,  of  their  being  struck  at 
St.  Andrews  in  1590,  and  the  Huguenots  made  use 
of  these  Communion  checks  in  1559.  Mr.  Shiells 
conjectures  that  they  may  have  come  down  by 
Catholic  tradition  from  the  tesserae  of  the  Romans, 
something  similar  being  used  for  admission  of  the 
faithful  to  the  Agap6.  But  the  difficulty  remains 
that  no  trace  of  such  material  symbols  can  be 
found  during  the  fifteen  intervening  centuries.  It 
must  be  added  that  the  writer  pads  out  his  small 
book  by  much  digressive  and  irrelevant  matter. 
He  is  quite  mistaken  in  his  derivation  of  Fr.  mereau 
from  Lat.  mereri,  as  if  it  denoted  a  token  given  to 
the  deserving !  There  is  a  careless  misprint  of 
Xpto-Tov  on  p.  144. 

Ships  and  Shipping.    Edited  by  Francis  Miltouu. 

(Moring.) 

WE  have  here,  with  coloured  illustrations  of  flags, 
signals,  &c.,  and  with  abundant  other  illustrations, 
a  useful  and  pretty  little  volume,  supplying  lands- 
men with  all  the  information  they  are  likely  to 
require  concerning  ships  and  shipping  at  home  and 
abroad.  This  is,  in  phrase  now  classic,  "ex- 
tensive and  peculiar."  Much  of  it  is  derived  from 
Lloyds. 

THE  Congregational  Historical  Society  has  sent 
us  its  Transactions  for  January ;  also  a  hitherto 
lost  treatise  by  Robert  Browne,  "  the  father  of 
Congregationalism,"  '  A  New  Years  Guift,'  "  in  the 
form  of  a  letter  to  his  uncle  Mr.  Flower."  To  this 
Mr.  Champlin  Burrage  has  written  an  introduction, 
in  which  he  states  that  in  1874  the  manuscript 
was  acquired  by  the  British  Museum.  Mr.  Crippen 
considers  it  to  be  the  most  important  contribution 
to  early  Nonconformist  history  that  has  come  to 
light  since  Dr.  Dexter's  recovery  (about  1875)  of 
the  'True  and  Short  Declaration.'  The  contents 
of  the  Transactions  show  some  good  work  done. 
There  is  a  sketch  of  Congregationalism  in  Hamp- 
shire by  George  Browuen,  with  a  map  showing  the 
places  where  ministers  were  ejected  1660-2.  Mr. 
Edward  Windeatt  contributes  'Devonshire  and 
the  Indulgence  of  1672.'  Mr.  W.  H.  Summers  gives 
extracts  from  the  diary  of  Dr.  Thomas  Gibbons, 
1749  to  1785.  This  contains  references  to  the 
Cromwell  family,  Whitefield,  and  the  Abneys. 
On  Thursday,  the  8th  of  February,  1750,  Gibbons 


140 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  FEB.  13, 


writes,  "  This  day,  as  I  was  sitting  in  my  study 
with  a  vollume  of  Mr.  Baxter's  before  me,  I  felt  a 
violent  concussion  of  the  house,  as  if  it  would  have 
•tumbled  instantly  about  my  head.  The  motion  was 

heavy  and  universal I  find  the  shock  was  felt 

throughout  the  cities  of  London  and  Westminster, 
and  many  proofs  I  have  since  learnt  of  its  violence 
and  terror."  On  the  8th  of  March  he  was  awakened 
by  "  a  shock  of  an  earthquake  "  "  severer  than  that 
a  month  since."  "How  awful,"  he  writes,  "are 
these  Monitions  of  the  Divine  Anger."  Mr.  J. 
Rutherford  supplies  a  history  of  Congregation- 
alism in  Birmingham  from  1642,  when  its  earliest 
traces  began  to  appear,  the  first  permanent  con- 
gregation being  organized  in  1687.  The  meeting- 
house was  much  injured  by  the  Jacobite  riots  in 
1715,  and  totally  destroyed  in  the  Priestley  riots  of 
1791.  This  is  now  represented  by  the  Old  Meeting- 
House  Church  in  Bristol  Street,  built  in  1885.  The 
history  of  Carr's  Lane  Church  is  also  given.  "  Carr's 
Lane"  is  said  to  be  a  corruption  of  "God's  Cart 
Lane,"  derived  from  the  shed  in  which  before 
the  Reformation  a  car  was  kept  that  was  used 
in  Corpus  Christi  processions.  This  church  is 
noted  for  the  two  eminent  men  who  have 
been  its  ministers— John  Angell  James,  author 
of  '  The  Anxious  Enquirer '  and  some  fifty  other 
books  ;  and  Robert  William  Dale,  well  remembered 
for  his  work  on  '  The  Atonement.'  This  gained  for 
him  the  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  from  Yale  College, 
which,  like  his  predecessor,  he  declined  to  use, 
while  he  accepted  a  diploma  of  LL.D.  from 
Glasgow  in  1883,  although  on  the  title-page  of  the 
memoir  by  his  son  he  is  plain  Robert  William  Dale. 
In  Birmingham  "  his  leadership  was  universally 
recognized,  not  only  in  religious  effort,  but  in 
education,  politics,  and  social  enterprises." 

THE  Reliquary  for  January,  edited  by  J.  Romilly 
Allen  (Bemrose  &  Sons),  contains  an  article  '  About 
Almanacs,'  by  W.  Heneage  Legge.  Illustrations  of 
(Staffordshire  clog  almanacs  are  given.  "A  favourite 
almanac  in  the  times  of  the  Stuarts  and  the 
Georges  was  Rider's.  Among  other  precepts  it 
gives 

In  gardening  never  this  rule  forget, 
To  sowe  dry  and  set  wet." 

'Poor  Robin,'  1710,  receives  a  full  description. 
Among  other  maxims  we  find  "  In  January,  though 
the  nights  be  long  and  candles  be  chargeable,  yet 
long  lying  in  Bed  is  an  evil  quality,  because  they 
must  rise  by  times  who  would  cozen  the  Devil." 
3Ir.  Legge  concludes  his  article  in  the  words  of 
' ' Poor  Robin " :  "I bid  my  courteous  Reader  heartily 
farewell ;  and  to  my  Currish  Critical  Reader, 
farewell  and  be  hanged,  that 's  twice  God  b'  w'  y." 
The  origin  of  the  '  Pen-annular  Brooch '  is  treated  of 
iiby  Edward  Lovett.  The  editor  in  a  note  says, 
"  The  testimony  of  archaeology  shows  conclusively 
that  the  '  safety  pin  '  is  the  earliest  type  of  brooch. 
At  all  events,  it  was  in  use  in  the  Mycenaean  period 
say  1500  to  2000  B.C.  The  pen-annular  brooch  only 
makes  its  appearance  about  700  to  800  A.D."  Mr. 
Rjchard  Quick  gives  'A  Chat  about  Spoons,'  and 
.refers  to  "  some  spoons  made  in  Russia  of  a  peculiar 
kind  of  cloisonne  enamel,  the  effect  of  which  is  very 
<beautiful."  In  this  article  the  objects  selected  for 
illustration  are  all  in  the  Horniman  Museum. 
.Some  crosses  at  Hornby  and  Melling  in  Lons- 
•dale  are  described  by  Mr.  W.  G.  Collingwood,  who 
made  a  tour  with  Mr.  W.  0.  Roper,  and  he  says  he 
•"has  made  few  more  delightful  excursions  both  for 


scenery  and  remains."  This  district  is  compara- 
tively little  known,  for  it  is  out  of  the  range  of 
the  county  archaeological  societies.  Charlotte 
Mason  writes  on  the  church  of  St.  Levan,  Cornwall, 
famed  for  its  marvellous  carvings  and  old  bench- 
ends.  In  the  '  Notes  on  Archaeology  '  Mr.  Romilly 
Allen  contributes  one  on  '  Anglo-Saxon  Pins  found 
at  Lincoln.'  There  is  also  a  view  of  old  Kew 
Bridge,  which  was  opened  in  1789,  being  pulled 
down  in  1899  to  make  way  for  the  King  Ed- 
ward VII.  bridge. 

WITH  much  regret  we  hear  of  the  death,  at 
Darley  Abbey,  Derby,  of  the  Rev.  Canon  Ainger,  a 
valued  friend  and  correspondent.  Born  in  London, 
9  February,  1837,  the  son  of  Alfred  Ainger,  archi- 
tect, Alfred  Ainger,  M.A.,  LL.D.,  Canon  Resi- 
dentiary of  Bristol,  Master  of  the  Temple,  and 
Chaplain  in  Ordinary  to  the  King,  was  educated  at 
King's  College,  London,  and  Trinity  Hall,  Cam- 
bridge, of  which  he  was  honorary  fellow ;  was, 
1860-4,  curate  of  Alrewas,  Lichfield ;  1864-6,  assist- 
ant master  Sheffield  Collegiate  School ;  and  Reader 
at  the  Temple  Church  from  1866  to  1893.  He  gave  to 
the  press  '  Sermons  preached  in  the  Temple  Church.' 
and  was  editor  of  the  works  of  Lamb,  of  whom  he 
wrote  a  memoir.  His  rather  fragile  form  and  white 
hair  made  him  a  conspicuous  figure  in  London 
society,  in  which  he  was  greatly  and  justly  prized. 
Canon  Ainger's  gentleness,  urbanity,  and  courtesy 
were  pleasantly  conspicuous  features  in  a  delight- 
ful personality. 


fxr 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 

Eut  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
eading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which   they   refer.      Correspondents    who   repeat 
queries    are    requested  to   head  the  second  com- 
munication "  Duplicate." 

H.  G.  HOPE  ('Immurement  Alive'). — Your  reply 
shall  appear  next  week. 

E.  J. — See  the  General  Indexes  to  '  N.  &  Q.' 
CORRIGENDA.— -Index  to  9th  S.  xii.,  p.  523,  col.  2, 
omit  "  Barnes,   his  sonnets,  274 "  ;   p.  545,  top  of 
col.  2,  for  "  R.  (A.  P.)"  read  E.  (A.  F.). 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "  The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'" — Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
lisher"— at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  E.G. 

We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
communications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do  not 
print ;  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


I- 


.  FEB.  is,  1904.]         KOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


THE    ATHEN51UM 

JOURNAL  OF  ENGLISH  AND  FOREIGN  LITERATURE,  SCIENCE, 
THE  FINE  ARTS,  MUSIC,  AND  THE  DRAMA. 


Last  Week's  ATHENAEUM  contains  Articles  on 

The  LIFE  and  CAMPAIGNS  of  LORD  GOUGH. 

LIVES  and  LEGENDS  of  the  ENGLISH  BISHOPS  and  KINGS. 

ESSAYS  on  R1TSCHLIANISM.  The  PILEPARATIO  of  EUSEBIUS. 

NEW  NOVELS :— Through  Sorrow's  Gates;  Remembrance;  The  Dale  Tree  of  Cassillis ;  A  Criminal 
Croesus ;  Les  Amours  de  Li  Ta  Tchou. 

CAMBRIDGE  RECORDS.  MODERN  THEOLOGY. 

OUR  LIBRARY  TABLE  :— Lord  Avebury's  Essays  acd  Addresses;  Memoirs  of  Mrs.  Pickering;  A  Life 
of  Chamberlain ;  A  History  of  Modern  England ;  The  Pilgrim's  Progress,  illustrated  by  Cruik- 
shank  ;  Religious  Freedom  in  America ;  Catalogue  of  Parliamentary  Papers ;  John  Bull's  Adven- 
tures in  the  Fiscal  Wonderland ;  Free  Trade  and  the  Empire ;  Almanach  des  Gourmands ; 
Reprints  ;  The  British  Journal  of  Psychology. 

LIST  of  NEW  BOOKS. 

GEORGE  WILLIAM  RUSDEN;  LAMB'S  LETTERS  on  the  DEATH  of  JOHN  WORDSWORTH; 
ARTHUR  TORRENS  PRINGLE;  UNPUBLISHED  LETTERS  from  DOR'OTHY  WORDS- 
WORTH; A  NOTE  on  STEPHEN'S  REIGN;  The  NATIONAL  HOME-READING  UNION; 
EDWARD  FITZGERALD;  The  ORIGINAL  of  ADRIAN  HARLEY  ;  CURRICULUM  of  STUDIES 
in  MEDIEVAL  UNIVERSITIES;  SALE. 

ALSO — 

LITERARY  GOSSIP. 
SCIENCE : — Bacteriology  of  Milk  ;   Dr.  Bauer  on  Precious  Stones ;    British   Mammals ;    Geographical 

Notes  ;  Societies  ;  Meetings  Next  Week  ;  Gossip. 
FINE  ARTS  :— Architecture  ;  The  Old  Masters  at  Burlington  House  ;  The  Burlington  Fine- Arts  Club  ; 

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s.  i.  FEB.  20, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


141 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  SO,  190L 


CONTENTS. -No.  8. 

MOTES  :— '  Merry  Thoughts  in  a  Sad  Place,'  141— Biblio- 
graphy of  Publishing  and  Bookselling,  142 — The  Plough- 
ging  and  other  Measures,  143 — W.  Stephens,  President  of 
eorgia,  144— Chaplain  to  the  Edinburgh  Garrison— Poe  : 
a  Supposed  Poem — '  Chambers's  Cyclopaedia  of  English 
Literature,'  145  —  Bpigram  on  Reynolds  —  "Sassaby" — 
Anagrams  on  Pius  X.— Richard  Fitzpatrick  and  C.  J.  Fox 
—'The  Oxford  English  Dictionary,'  146. 

QUERIES  :— Babar's  Memoirs— Water  of  Jealousy— Spanish 
Doggerel,  147— Book  Collectors— Sundial  Motto— Earl  of 
Egremont  — Ferdinando  Gorges  of  Eye— "An  Austrian 
army" — Audyn  Family — W.  H.  Kidd — Melancholy — Rue 
and  Tuscan  Pawnbrokers,  148—"  Drug  in  the  market" — 
Clavering:  De  Mandeville  —  "King  of  Patterdale"  — 
Knight  Templar— Monastery  of  Mount  Grace  le  Ebor'— 
8t.  Dunstan,  149. 

REPLIES  :—  Addison's  Daughter,  149  — '  Address  to  Poverty,' 
151— Werden  Abbey -Comber  Family— Seion— Bagshaw— 
Halley's  C 'met— Immurement  Alive,  152  —  John  Lewis, 
Portrait  Painter— "Moose,"  15-3 -Tickling  Trout— "Fide, 
sed  cui  vide,"  154— Aylmer  Arms— Flaying  Alive— Arms 
Wante',  155— Field-names,  West  Haddon— Rev.  S.  Fisher 
— Penrith— William  Hartley— "Gimerro"— Glowworm  or 
Firefly,  156— Crowns  in  Tower  of  Church — Cardinals  and 
Crimson  Robes— St.  Mary  Axe :  St.  Michael  le  Querne, 
157—"  Going  the  round"  :  "  Roundhouse  "—Carved  Stone 
— Relics  of  St.  Gregory  the  Great— Sir  Henry  Chauncy — 
Frost  and  its  Forms  — Right  Hon.  E.  Southwell,  158  — 
Imaginary  Saints,  159. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS :— Bell's  'Lives  and  Legends  of  the 
English  Bishops  and  Kings ' — Saintsbury's  '  John  Dryden ' 
— 'English  Historical  Review  ' — '  Edinburgh  Review.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


'MERRY  THOUGHTS  IN  A  SAD  PLACE.' 
AN  expansion,  by  Col.  Le  Strange,  of  Love- 
lace's '  To  Althaea  from  Prison,'  copied  into  a 
note-book,  in  16*49,  by  Thomas  Plume,  under- 
graduate of  Christ's  College,  Cambridge, 
may  be  worth  preserving  in  the  pages  of 
'N.  &Q.':- 

MEBRY  THOUGHTS  IN  A  SAD  PLACE. 
Beat  on,  proud  billows  !  Boreas,  blow  ! 
Swell,  curled  waves,  high  as  Jove's  roof ! 
Your  incivilities  will  show 
That  innocence  is  tempest-proof ; 

Though  surly  Nereus  frown,  my  thoughts  are 

calm. 

Then  strike,  afflictions !  for  your  wounds  are 
balm. 

That  which  the  world  miscalls  a  jail, 

A  secret  closet  is  to  mee ; 

Whilst  a  good  conscience  is  my  bail ; 

And  innocence,  my  liberty. 

Locks,  walls,  bars,  solitude,  together  mett, 
Make  me  no  prizoner,  but  au  anchoret. 

I,  whilst  1  wish'd  to  be  retir'd,; 

Into  this  private  room  am  turn'd, 

As  if  their  wisdomes  had  conspired 

The  Salamander  should  be  burn'd ; 

And,  like  those  sophics  who  would  drown  a  fish, 
1  am  condemn'd  to  suffer  what  I  wish. 


The  Cynick  hugs  his  poverty ; 

The  pelican,  her  wilderness  ; 

And  'tis  the  Indian's  pride  to  be 

Naked  on  frozen  Caucasus.* 

Contentment  cannot  smart.    Stoicks  (we  see) 
Make  torments  easy  to  their  Apathy. 

The  manacles  upon  my  arme 

I,  as  my  sweetheart's  bracelets,  wear : 

And  then,  to  keep  my  ancles  warme, 

I  have  some  iron  shackles  there. 

The  walls  are  but  my  garrison.    This  cell, 
Which  men  call  jayll,  doth  prove  my  Cittadell. 

So  he  that  strooke  at  Jason's  life, 

Thinking  t'  have  niade  his  purpose  sure, 

By  a  malicious-friendly  knife 

Did  only  wound  him  to  a  cure. 

Malice  wants  witt,  I  see  ;  for,  what  is  meant 
Mischief,  oft-times  proves  favour  by  event. 

I  'm  in  this  Cabinet  lock'd  up, 

Like  some  rich  prized  margarite ; 

Or,  like  some  great  Mogul,  or  Pope, 

I  'me  cloysterd  from  the  publique  sight. 
Retirdness  is  a  peece  of  majesty, 
And  (proud  Sultan)  [I]  seem  as  great  as  thee. 

Here  sin  for  want  of  food  must  sterve 
Where  tempting  objects  are  not  seen ; 
And  these  strong  walls  doe  onely  serve 
To  keep  sin  out,  and  keep  mee  in. 

Malice  of  late  'a  growne  charitable,  sure. 

I  'm  not  committed,  but  am  kept  secure. 

When  once  my  Prince  affliction  hath, 
Prosperity  doth  treason  seem  : 
And  then,  to  smooth  so  rough  a  path, 
I  can  learn  patience  from  him. 

Now  not-to-suffer  shewes  no  loyall  heart. 

When  kings  want  ease,  subjects  must  learn  to 
smart. 

What  though  I  cannot  see  my  Kiag, 

Either  in 's  person  or  his  coyn : 

Yet  contemplation  is  a  thing 

Which  renders  that  (which  is  not)  mine. 

My  king  from  mee  what  adamant  can  part, 
Whom  I  doe  wear  engraved  on  my  heart? 

My  soul  is  free  as  th'  ambient  aire, 

Although  my  baser  part 's  imrnur'd. 

While  loyall  thoughts  doe  yet  repair 

My  company  is  solitude. 

And,  though  rebellion  doe  my  body  bind, 
My  king  can  only  captivate  my  mind. 

Have  you  not  seen  the  nightingale, 

A  pilgrim  coopd  up  in  a  cage, 

How  she  doth  sing  her  wonted  tale 

In  that,  her  narrow  hermitage  ? 

Even  such  her  chanting  melody  doth  prove, 
That  all  her  barrs  are  trees,  her  cage  a  grove. 

I  am  that  bird,  whom  they  combine 
Thus  to  deprive  of  liberty. 
So,  though  they  doe  my  corps  confine, 
Yet  (maugre  hate)  my  soul  is  free ; 

And,  though  immured,  I  can  chirp  and  sing 
Disgrace  to  rebels,  glory  to  my  king. 
Made  by  Colonell  le  Strange,  imprizoned  by  the 
Parliament. 

ANDREW  CLARK. 


*  The  Scythians  were  all  face. 


142 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        no*  s.  i.  FEB.  20,  im 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  OF  PUBLISHING  AND 

BOOKSELLING. 

(See  ante,  p.  81.) 

Carlile,  Richard,  1790-1843.— The  Life  and  Character 
of  Richard  Carlile.  By  George  Jacob  Holyoake. 
London,  1848. 

The  Battle  of  the  Press,  as  told  in  the  Story 
of  the  Life  of  Richard  Carlile.  By  his  Daughter, 
Theophila  Carlile  Campbell.    London,  1899. 
Caspar,  C.  N.— Directory  of  the  Antiquarian  Book- 
sellers and  Dealers  in  Second-hand  Books  in  the 

United  States a  Listof  Bibliographies,  Trade 

Catalogues,  &c.     Milwaukee,  Wis.,  1885. 

Directory  of  the  American  Book,  News,  and 
Stationery  Trade,  Wholesale  and  Retail.  Mil- 
waukee, Wis.,  1889. 

Cassell,  John,  1817-65.— The  Life  of  John  Cassell. 
By  G.  Holden  Pike.    Crown  8vo,  London,  1894. 
Bookseller,  April  and  May,  1865. 
Publishers'  Circular,  13  January,  1894. 
Catalogues. 

The  First  Part  of  the  Catalogue  of  English 
Printed  Books,  which  concerneth  such  matters 
of  divinitie  as  have  bin  either  written  in  our 
owne  tongue,  or  translated  put  of  anie  other 
language ;  and  have  bin  published  to  the  glory 
of  God,  arid  edification  of  the  Church  of  Christ 
in  England.    Gathered  into  alphabet,  and  such 
method  as  it  is,  by  Andrew  Maunsell,  Book- 
seller.   London,  printed  by  John  Windet  for 
Andrew  Maunsell,  dwelling  in  Lothburie,  1595. 
Maunsell's    Catalogue    was    the    first    ever    issued    in 
England,  and  therefore  deserves  to  be  noted  here.    The 
systematic  enumeration  of   catalogues  is  rendered  super- 
fluous by  the  recent  publication  of  Mr.  Growoll's  '  Three 
Centuries  of  English  Book-trade  Bibliography,'  1903.    See 
forward. 

The  Term  Catalogues,  1668-1709.  With  a 
Number  for  Easter  Term,  1711.  A  Contempo- 
rary Bibliography  of  English  Literature  in  the 
Reigns  of  Charles  II.,  James  II.,  William  and 
Mary,  and  Anne.  Edited  from  the  very  rare 
Quarterly  Lists  of  New  Books  and  Reprints  of 
Divinity,  History,  Science,  Law,  Medicine, 
Music,  Trade,  &c ,  issued  by  the  Booksellers, 
&c.,  of  London.  By  Edward  Arber,  F.S.A. 
3  vols,4to.  Vol.  I.,  1668-82;  Vol.  II.,  1683-96; 
Vol.  III.,  1697-1709  and  1711.  Privately 
printed,  London,  1903. 

A  collection  of  Trade  Catalogues  referring  to 
sales  of  books  and  copyrights,  ranging  from 
1704  to  1768,  giving  details  of  prices  and 
purchasers,  is  in  the  possession  of  Messrs. 
Longmans  &  Co.  An  account  of  these  will  be 
found  in  '  N.  &  Q.,'  7th  S.  ix.  301. 
Catnach,  James,  1792-1841 —The  Life  and  Times  of 
James  Catnach  (late  of  Seven  Dials),  Ballad 
Monger.  By  Charles  Hindley.  With  230 
Woodcuts,  of  which  42  are  by  Bewick.  8vo, 
London,  1878. 

The  History  of  the  Catnach  Press,  at  Berwick- 
upon-Tweed,  Alnwick,  and  Newcastle-on-Tyne, 
in  Northumberland,  and  Seven  Dials,  London. 
By  Charles  Hindley.  With  many  Illustrations. 
4to,  London,  1886. 

Cave,  Edward,  1691-1754.  —  The  Life  of  Edward 
Cave.  By  Samuel  Johnson.  Gentleman1  s 
Magazine,  February,  1754,  and  reprinted  with 
Johnson's  '  Works. 

Cave's  Life  will  be  found  in  Johnson's    '  Lives  of   the 
English  Poets '  and  '  laves  of  Sundry  Eminent  Persons,' 


Tilt's  edition,  crown  8vo,  London,  1831.    See  also  Nichols's 
'  Literary  Anecdotes,'  vol.  v. 

Boswell  says:  "Cave  was  certainly  a  man  of  estimable 
qualities,  and  was  eminently  diligent  and  successful  in  his 
own  business,  which,  doubtless,  entitled  him  to  respect. 
But  he  was  peculiarly  fortunate  in  being  recorded  by 
Johnson,  who  of  the  narrow  life  of  a  printer  and  publisher, 
without  any  digressions  or  adventitious  circumstances,  ijis 
made  an  interesting  and  agreeable  narrative." 

Caxton,  William,  1422-91. 

The  Old  Printer  and  the  Modern  Press.  By 
Charles  Knight.  Crown  8vo,  London,  1854. 

Life  and  Typography  of  William  Caxton.  By 
William  Blades.  London,  1861-3. 

Chambers,  William,  1800-83  ;  Robert,  1802-71. 

Memoir  of  Robert  Chambers,  with  Autobio- 
graphic Reminiscences  of  William  Chambers. 
Crown  8vo,  1872.  12th  Edition,  with  Supple- 
mentary Chapter,  1884. 

No  mention  is  made  in  this  book  of  the  fact  that  Robert 
Chambers  was  the  author  of  '  The  Vestiges  of  the  Natural 
History  of  Creation '  (1844),  and  William  Chambers  wished 
the  secret  to  die  with  him.  An  account  of  the  authorship 
and  publication  of  this  once  famous  book  will  be  found  in 
Mr.  Alexander  Ireland's  Introduction  to  the  twelfth  edition, 
1884. 

See  James  Payn's  'Some  Literary  Recollections,"  1886, 
for  a  chapter  oil  the  two  brothers.  Payn  never  concealed- 
his  dislike  of  William  Chambers,  and  it  is  understood  that 
the  Sir  Peter  Fibbert  of  'For  Cash  Only'  is  to  some 
extent  a  portrait  of  him. 

The  Story  of  a  Long  and  Busy  Life.  By- 
William  Chambers.  Crown  8vo,  Edinburgh, 
1884. 

Lives  of  Illustrious  and  Distinguished  Scots- 
men, from  the  Earliest  Period  to  the  Present 
Time.  By  Robert  Chambers.  With  Portraits. 
4  vols.  8vo,  Glasgow,  1833-5. 

Supplement  [and  continuation  to  1855].  By 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Thomson.  8vo,  Glasgow,  1855.. 

Chambers's  Encyclopaedia.     Vol.  II.    New  Edition. 

Royal  8vo,  Edinburgh,  1888. 
See  article  '  Book-trade,'  by  Robert  Cochrane. 

Chapman,  John,  1822-94. 

Cheap  Books  and  how  to  get  them  :  being  a 
reprint  from  the  Westminster  Review,  April, 
1852,  of  the  article  '  The  Commerce  of  Litera- 
ture,' together  with  a  brief  account  of  the 
origin  and  progress  of.  the  recent  agitation  for 
free  trade  in  books.  Svo,  London,  1852. 

The  Bookselling  System.    8vo,  London,  1852. 

A  Report  of  the  Proceedings  of  a  Meeting 
(consisting  chiefly  of  Authors)  heH  May  4th, 
1852,  at  the  House  of  Mr.  John  Chapman,  for 
the  Purpose  of  hastening  the  Removal  of  the' 
Trade  Restrictions  on  the  Commerce  of  Litera- 
ture. 8vo,  London,  1852. 
See  also  '  Life  of  George  Eliot,'  vol.  i.  p.  225. 

Childs,  George  William,  1829-93— The  Recollections 
of  G.  W.  Childs.  12mo,  Philadelphia,  1890. 

A  Biographical  Sketch  of  G.  W.  Childs.  By 
James  Parton.  Philadelphia,  1870. 

Clarke,  Adam,  1760-1832.— A  Bibliographical  Dic- 
tionary, containing  a  chronological  account, 
alphabetically  arranged,  of  the  most  curious,, 
scarce,  useful,  and  important  Books,  which 
have  been  published  in  Latin,  Greek,  Coptic, 
Hebrew,  &c.,  from  the  Infancy  of  Printing  to 
the  Beginning  of  the  Nineteenth  Century.  With 
Biographical  Anecdotes  of  Authors,  Printers, 
and  Publishers.  6  vols.  and  supplement  2  vols- 
Svo,  London,  1802-6. 


iO'»s.i.FKB.2o,i904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


143 


Clegg,  James  (Editor). — The  International  Direc- 
tory of  Booksellers,  and  Bibliophile's  Manual. 
Including  Lists  of  the  Public  Libraries  of  the 
World,  Publishers,  Book  Collectors,  Learned 
Societies,  and  Institutes,  also  Bibliographies  of 
Book  and  Library  Catalogues,  Concordances, 
Book-plates,  &c.  Crown  8vo,  Rochdale,  1903. 

Cobbett,  William,  1762-1835.— The  Life  of  William 

Cobbett.    By  his  Son.    London,  1837. 
Cobbett  was  in  business  as  a  bookseller  in  Philadelphia ; 

also  in  Pall  Mall  at  the  sign  of  "  The  Crown,  the  Bible,  and 

the  Mitre." 

Collet,  Collet  Dobson.— History  of  the  Taxes  on 
Knowledge.  2  vols.  London,  1899. 

Colman,  George,  the  Younger,  1762-1836.  —  Eccen- 
tricities for  Edinburgh  (containing  a  poem 
entitled  '  Lamentation  to  Scotch  Booksellers '). 
Svo,  1816. 

Constable,  Archibald,  1774-1827.— Archibald  Con- 
stable and  his  Literary  Correspondents.  By  his 
Son,  Thomas  Constable.  3  vols.  Svo,  Edin- 
burgh, 1873. 

Cornhill  Magazine. 

Publishing  before  the  Age  of  Printing.    Jan- 
uary, 1864. 

Bookselling     in     the    Thirteenth    Century. 
April,  1864. 
And  see  s.n.  George  Smith. 

Cost,   The,  of   Production.    (Society  of  Authors.) 

Crown  Svo,  London,  1891. 
Cottle,    Joseph,    1770  - 1853.  —  Reminiscences    of 

Coleridge,  Southey,  &c.      Post  Svo,  London, 

1847. 

Cottle  was  a  bookseller  in  Bristol  from  1791  to  1198. 

Creech,  William,  1745-1815.  —  Edinburgh  Fugitive 
Pieces.  New  Edition,  with  Memoir.  Edinburgh, 
1S15. 

A  famous  Edinburgh  Bookseller.    Published  for  Burns, 
Blair,  Dugald  Stewart,  and  Beattie— Lord  Provost,  1811-13. 
Creech,  William,  Robert  Burns'  Best  Friend. 
By  the  Rev.  J.  C.  Carrick,  B.D.,  Minister  of 
Newbattle.    Fcap.  Svo,  Dalkeith,  1903. 
Critic,  The  (Weekly  Newspaper). — Mr.  F.  Espinasse 
contributed  a  series  of  articles  on  various  pub- 
lishing  houses    as   follows  (see  his   '  Literary 
Reminiscences,'  chap,  xx.,  1893) : — 
Charles  Knight.     May  (two  articles),  I860. 
Longman,  House  of.    24  March,  7,  21  April, 
1860. 

John  Murray,  House  of.  7,  14,  21,  28  Jan., 
I860. 

Blackwood,  House  of.  7,  14,  21,  28  July, 
4,  11  Aug.,  I860. 

Curio,  The,  an  Illustrated   Monthly  Magazine. 
4to,  New  York,  1887-S. 

The  Great  Booksellers  of  the  World.  By 
Max  Maury.  Bernard  Quaritch,  of  London  ; 
Ludwig  Eosenthal.  of  Munich  ;  Damascene  Mor- 
gand,  of  Paris ;  Henry  Sotheran,  of  London  ; 
E.  Bonaventure,  of  New  York.  With  2  Por- 
traits. 

Eminent  Publishing  Houses,  by  G.  Hedeler. 
Curll,  Edmund,  1675-1747. 

The  Curll  Papers.    By  W.  J.  Thorns. 
See   '  N.  &  Q.,'  2nd  S.  ii.  iii.  iv.   ix.  x.,  and  privately 
reprinted,  187V. 

Pope's    Literary    Correspondence,    1704  -  34 
(Curll's  Edition.)    4  vols.  12mp,  1735-6. 
This  edition  contains  much  interesting  matter  by  Curl 
respecting  his  connexion  with  Pope  and  other   eminent 


persons.    See  'N.  &  Q.,'  6th  S.  xi.  381-2,  for  Curll's  Biblio- 
;raphy  by  W.  Roberts. 

)urwen,  Henry,  1845-92.— A  History  of  Booksellers, 
the  Old  and  the  New.  With  Portraits.  Crown 
Svo,  London,  1873. 

Curwen  was  editor  of  the  Times  of  India.    See  '  N.  &  Q.  * 
Qth  S.  vi.  288,  338,  376,  454. 

WM.  H.  FEET. 

(To  be  continued.) 


THE  PLOUGHGANG  AND  OTHER 

MEASURES. 
(See  ante,  p.  101.) 

3.  AMONG  the  words  by  which  the  English 
ride,  higid,  hnvisc,  or  hiwscipe,  was  translated 
nto  Latin  was  casata.  Now  just  as  canicata 
is  derived  from  cariica,  a  plough,  and  is  the 
ploughland,  so  casata  is  derived  from  casa,  a 
louse,  and  is  the  houseland.*  It  is  plain 
that  our  four  measures  come  from  a  pair  of 
oxen,  a  rod,  a  plough,  and  a  house.  And  if 
Dhe  first  three  are  measures  of  much  larger 
areas,  so  the  fourth  may  have  been.  There 
may  have  been  a  lesser,  as  well  as  a  greater, 
casate,  the  lesser  casate  being  an  acre  and 
the  measure  of  a  hide.  In  Domesday  Book 
a  bishop  is  described  as  holding  at  Latesberie 
in  Buckinghamshire  "one hide  less  fivefeet."t 
This  cannot  be  square  feet,  and  it  must  refer 
to  the  breadth  of  the  acre  or  messuage 
which  measured  the  hide.  It  will  be  seen 
in  the  note  below  that  a  placia  of  land 
is  said  to  have  a  length  of  half  an  acre 
and  4  feet.  If  the  carucate  refers  to  the 
breadth  of  a  full-sized  team,  the  casate  may 
very  well  have  referred  to  the  breadth  of  a 
full-sized  homestead,  the  breadth  of  such  a 
homestead  being  regarded  as  the  breadth  of 
an  acre.t 

We  can  rear  an  acre  of  4,800  square  yards 
(=a  juger  and  a  half)  from  a  rod  of  15  feet, 


*  One  of  the  words  by  which  hiicisc  is  represented 
in  Latin  is  familia,  family,  household.  See  on  this 
point  the  '  Crawford  Charters,'  ed.  by  Napier  and 
Stevenson,  p.  127. 

t  "  Tenet  episcopus  Lisiacensis  de  episcopo 
Baiocensi  j  hidam  v  pedes  minus."  If  the  messuage 
of  the  hide  is  taken  as  60  feet  in  breadth,  the  hide 
was  diminished  by  one-twelfth,  or  ten  acres,  and 
the  messuage  was  also  diminished  by  one-twelfth. 
The  word  hlwisc  is  found  in  place-names,  as  in 
Huish  Episcopi,  bishop's  hide. 

J  We  have  evidence  that  tofts  or  messuages  were 
half  an  acre,  &c.,  in  breadth.  In  a  charter  dated 
circa  1206  we  have:  "Unum  toftum  in  Ledestona 
latitudinis  dimidie  acre  cum  crofto  ejusdem  latitu- 
dinis  qui  jacet  juxta  toftum  meum  versus  solem,  et 
unam  plaeiam  juxta  eundem  toftum  versus  north, 
latitudinis  cluarum  rodarum  et  dimidie,  et  longi- 
tudinis  dimidie  acre  et  quatuor  pedum." — '  Ponte- 
fract  Chartulary,'  p.  235.  The  perticata  terras 
(rood)  was  also  used  as  a  linear  measure. — Ibid., 
p.  233. 


144 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io»  s.  i.  FEB.  20,  MM. 


by  taking  the  base  or  width  of  the  acre  as 
60  feet,  and  its  length  as  720  feet,  in  which 
-case  the  length  would  be  12  times  the  breadth. 
This  would  give  us  a  bovate  or  half-rood  of 
•600  square  yards,  a  virgate  or  rood  of  1,200 
.square  yards,  a  carucate  or  half-acre  of  2,400 
square  yards,  and  a  casate  of  4,800  square 
yards.    An  acre  of  4,800  square  yards  would 
•conform  to  Roman  land  measures,  and   to 
the  areas   of    mediaeval    buildings  which  I 
have  described.*    And,  as  I  have  shown,t 
an    acre    of    4,840    square    yards    can    be 
obtained   by  adding  the  area  of  the  mes- 
suage   to    that    of    the    arable    land    held 
therewith.      A     virgate    of    30   acres,    for 
instance,  consisting  of  4,800  square  yards  to 
the  acre,  would  contain  144,000  square  yards, 
and  its  messuage  would  be  a  rood  of  1,200 
square  yards.     But  if  we  add  the  1,200  yards 
to  the  144,000  yards,  and  divide  the  sum  by 
30,  we  get  an  acre  of  4,840  square  yards.     In 
doing  so  we  have  merely  added  the  area  of 
the  lesser  virgate  to  that  of  the  greater.    In 
other  words,  we  have  added  the  area  of  the 
messuage  to  that  of  its  appurtenant  arable 
holding.    When  the  messuage  was  at    last 
•added  to  the  arable  land  of  which  it  was  the 
measure,  it  was  no  longer  possible  to  raise 
the  acre  from  a  rod  of  15  feet.    But  when 
the  acre  was  increased  by  that  addition  from 
4,800  to  4,840  square  yards,  it  could  be  raised 
from  a  rod  of  16£  feet.    The  present  statute 
acre  is  raised  from  such  a  rod,  and  is  40  rods 
in  length  and  4  in  breadth. 

I  am  not  asking  the  reader  to  conclude  that 
a  messuage  at  any  time  took  the  shape  of  a 
strip  of  land  720  feet  in  length  and  7^  feet 
in  breadth  (600  square  yards).  Such  a  strip 
would  have  been  of  no  use  as  a  homesteaoi. 
But  a  plot  of  land  of  600  square  yards  can 
take  other  shapes,  as  60  feet  by  .90  feet.  And 
so  the  lesser  bovate,  &c.,  could  be  thrown, 
when  intended  for  homesteads,  into  other 
shapes  than  long  strips.  These  units  of  the 
acre  would  then  cease  to  be  known  as 
bovates,  virgates,  carucates,  and  casates  in 
the  original  senses  of  those  words.  They 
would  simply  be  messuages  or  "measures," 
each  with  its  due  proportion  of  arable  lands 
in  the  open  fields. 

I  have  lately  met  with  a  piece  of  evidence 
which  finally  establishes  my  theory  that  the 
messuage  was  a  measure  of  the  arable  land 
held  therewith.  It  seems  that  in  1297  a 
certain  Adam  de  Neuton  had  two  bovates 
(=a  virgate).  He  sold  one  of  them  to 
William  Attebarre,  and  the  other  to  Robert 
Daneys.  Daneys  complained  that  he  had 


not  got  his  proper  share,  and  the  dispute  was 
referred  to  the  arbitration  of  neighbours, 
who  ordered  the  messuage  originally  belong- 
ing to  the  virgate  to  be  divided  between  the 
two  purchasers  "  according  to  the  quantity  of 
their  land."  The  words  of  the  award  are  as 
follows : — 

"  Robert  Daneys  complains  of  William  Attebarre, 
and  says  that  when  he  bought  a  bovate  of  land  from 
Adam  de  Neuton,  William  Attebarre,  who  had 
previously  bought  another  bovate,  gave  him  the 
worse  part  of  the  said  two  bovates  and  took  the 
best  part.  The  defendant  says  that  when  he  bought 
his  land  Adam  certified  him  where  the  said  bovate 
lay  in  the  fields,  and  he  took  no  other  land.  They 
refer  to  an  inquisition  of  the  neighbours,  viz.,  Henry 
del  Bothem,  Adam  Gerbot,  Philip  Thorald,  and 
others,  who  find  for  the  plaintiff.  The  said  mes- 
suage [sic]  is  to  be  divided  between  them  according 
to  the  quantity  of  their  land,  and  the  land  likewise 
according  to  what  belongs  to  their  bovates."* 

The  two  men  got  equal  messuages  and 
equal  bovates,  and  therefore  the  lesser  was  a 
measure  of  the  greater  quantity. 

This  rule  of  proportion  was  extended  to 
other  territorial  interests.  The  quantity  of 
wood  which  the  servile  tenant  needed  for 
building  his  house,  and  for  maintaining  the 
fire  on  his  hearth, t  and  also  the  extent  of 
his  right  to  use  the  common  pastures,! 
depended  on  the  size  of  the  messuage  whicn 


measured  his  holding. 
3,  Westbourne  Road,  Sheffield. 


S.  O.  ADDY. 


WILLIAM  STEPHENS,  PRESIDENT  OP  GEORGIA. 
— In  the  account  given  in  the  'D.N.B.,'  liv. 
182,  of  William  Stephens,  M.P.  for  Newport, 
Isle  of  Wight,  1702-22,  who,  after  suffering 
vicissitudes  of  fortune,  became  President  of 
the  colony  of  Georgia  in  America,  1743-50, 
it  is  stated  that  he  graduated  B.A.  at  Cam- 
bridge in  1684,  and  M.A.  in  1688.  If  this 
statement  were  correct,  he  would  have 
obtained  university  degrees  at  a  remarkably 
early  age,  seeing  that  he  was  born  on 
27  January,  1671,  O.S.  It  is,  however,  in- 


*  9th  S.  xi.  121. 


t  9th  S.  vi.  304. 


"  '  Wakefield  Court  Rolls,'  i.  261.  One  could 
wish  that  the  original  Latin,  instead  of  a  trans- 
lation, had  been  given.  In  the  '  Coucher  Book  of 
Whalley,'  p.  325,  we  have,  "Duas  partes  unius 
messuagii  et  unius  bovate  terre."  Taking  the 
Dovate  as  15  acres,  this  means  400  square  yards  of 
messuage  and  10  acres  of  arable  land,  the  proportion 
of  messuage  to  arable  land  being  as  1  to  120.  Such 
apportionments  are  frequent. 

f  By  an  undated  charter  William,  constable  of 
Flamborough,  confirmed  to  Richard  Fitz-Main 
"necessaria  sua  ad  sedificandum  et  comburendum 
quantum  pertinet  ad  unam  bovatam  terrae  quam 
tenet  de  me  in  Holme." — '  Coucher  Book  of  Selby,' 
ii.  36.  In  one  place  pasturage  for  12  sheep  is  said 
to  belong  to  half  a  bovate. — Ibid.,  i.  188. 

J  Ibid.,  i.  230. 


10*  s.  i.  FEB.  20, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


145 


correct.  Stephens  (whose  father  was  Sir 
William  Stephens,  Kt.,  Lieu  tenant-Governor 
of  the  Isle  of  Wight)  was  a  commoner  at 
Winchester  College,  and  his  name  appears 
on  the  school  rolls  of  1684-8  (Holgate's 
'  Winchester  Long  Rolls,  1653-1721 ').  I  am 
indebted  to  the  Provost  of  King's  College, 
Cambridge,  for  the  information,  derived  from 
the  records  of  that  college,  that  Stephens 
matriculated  as  a  fellow-commoner  there 
on  14  December,  1689,  and  was  in  residence 
in  1690  and  1691,  but  never  proceeded  to  any 
degree.  He  was  admitted  to  the  Middle 
Temple  on  25  November,  1691  (Hutchinson's 
'  Notable  Middle  Templars  ')•  According  to 
'  The  Castle- Builders ;  or,  the  History  of 
William  Stephens,  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  Esq.' 
(second  edition,  1759),  a  copy  of  which  is  in 
the  British  Museum,  he  was  sent  to  Cam- 
bridge, 

"not  from  any  Dislike  to  Oxford,  but  that  he 
might  not  be  too  near  William,  the  Son  of  Dr. 
Pittis,  his  Cousin  and  School-fellow,  who  was  of 
New  College,  and  of  more  Wit  and  Learning  than 
Discretion." 

Accounts  of  this  Dr.  Thomas  Pittis  and  his 
son  William,  who  was  elected  a  Winchester 
scholar  in  1687  (Kirby),  will  be  found  in  the 
'D.N.B.,'xlv.  386. 

William  Stephens  had  a  younger  brother, 
Richard,  a  commoner  at  Winchester  1694-7 
(Holgate),  who  went  to  Queen's  College, 
Oxford,  in  1698,  and  became  Fellow  of  All 
Souls],  M.A.  1705,  M.D.  1714  (Foster).  He 
practised  as  a  physician  at  Winchester, 
"grew  unwieldy,  being  so  corpulent  as  to 
load  the  chariot  he  rode  in,"  and  died  in  or 
about  1735,  while  staying  in  Ireland  with 
his  friend  Dr.  Charles  Cobb,  then  Bishop 
of  Kildare  ('D.N.B.,'  xi.  142 ;  'The  Castle- 
Builders  ')•  He  left  two  daughters,  Susannah 
and  Ann  Stephens,  who  lived  at  Milton, 
Hants. 

If  'The  Castle-Builders'  may  be  trusted, 
its  author,  Thomas  Stephens,  was  not  the 
eldest  of  the  seven  sons  of  the  President  of 
Georgia,  as  stated  in  the  '  Dictionary.'  The 
eldest  son  was  William  Stephens,  who  was 
also  a  commoner  at  Winchester  (Long  Rolls, 
1712,  1714).  He  too  went  to  Queen's  College, 
Oxford,  matriculating  in  March,  1715/16,  and 
was  afterwards  Fellow  of  All  Souls',  D.C.L. 
1728  (Foster).  He  practised  at  the  Bar,  to 
which  he  was  called  by  the  Middle  Temple 
in  1723 ;  but  becoming  a  clergyman  in  1736, 
he  was  curate  successively  at  Cleve,  Somerset; 
Locking,  Berks ;  and  Hasely,  Oxfordshire. 
On  7  Nov.,  1746,  he  was  instituted  vicar  of 
Barking,  Essex,  and  held  the  living  until 
his  death,  in  his  father's  lifetime,  on  27  Jan., 


1750/1  ('  The  Castle-Builders,'  and  the  Gentle- 
man's Magazine,  xxi.  91).  In  his  will,  dated 
24  Aug.,  1748,  he  mentions  four  of  hia 
brothers,  viz.,  Thomas,  Newdigate,  Edward, 
and  Richard  (who  was  perhaps  then  dead), 
and  his  two  sisters,  Mary  Stephens  and  Mrs. 
Ball,  the  widow  of  Benedict  Ball.  The  will 
was  proved  on  21  June,  1751  (P.C.C.,  190 
Busby),  by  his  brother  Thomas,  who  was,  I 
suppose,  the  author  of  '  The  Castle-Builders.' 
This  family  of  Stephens  was  for  several 
generations  connected  with  Winchester  by 
tenancy  of  college  property  at  Barton,  in 
the  Isle  of  Wight.  Thomas  Stephens,  elected 
scholar  in  1667,  and  Edward  Stephens,  elected 
in  1672,  were  sons  of  William  Stephens, 
D.C.L.,  judge  of  the  Court  of  Admiralty  in 
Commonwealth  times,  who  was  grandfather 
of  the  President  of  Georgia.  Thomas,  the 
elder  of  these  two  scholars,  became  Fellow 
of  New  College,  Oxford,  and  died  there  on 
17  March,  1681/2  (Wood's  'Colleges  and 
Halls,'  by  Gutch,  217,  233).  I  should  be 
grateful  for  further  information  about  his 
younger  brother  Edward,  who  matriculated 
at  Hart  Hall,  Oxford,  on  23  November,  1677 
(Foster's' Alumni  Oxon.').  H.  C. 

CHAPLAIN  TO  THE  EDINBURGH  GARRISON. — 
This  ancient  office  has  been  revived  by  the 
King,  who  has  appointed  thereto  the  Rev. 
Theodore  Marshall,  D.D.  The  Daily  Tele- 
graph of  the  13th  inst.  contains  the  following 
interesting  particulars : — 

"  The  first  chaplain  to  the  Castle  was  one  Turgot, 
the  biographer  of  Margaret,  Queen  of  Malcolm 
Canmore,  who  died  in  1092.  The  office  seems  to 
have  been  maintained  till  the  Revolution  in  1688-9, 
after  which  there  does  not  appear  to  be  any  men- 
tion made  of  it.  Since  the  Revolution  the  minister 
of  the  High  Kirk  has  been  regarded  as  hon.  chaplain 
to  the  Castle,  and  hence  it  is  that  the  military 
service  continues  to  be  held  in  St.  Giles's  Cathe- 
dral." 

N.  S.  S. 

POE  :  A  SUPPOSED  POEM. — In  a  review  on 
p.  118  you  refer  to  the  publication  of  "a 
poem  hitherto  unpublished  of  Poe"  in  this 
month's  Fortnightly.  My  letter  in  the  Daily 
Chronicle  of  the  4th  inst.  proves  it  is  not 
an  unknown  or  new  poem,  and  that  it  is 
not  by  E.  A.  Poe.  JOHN  H.  INGRAM. 

[Mr.  Ingram  is  a  first-rate  authority  on  Poe'a 
works,  and  his  repudiation  may  be  taken  as  final 
and  decisive.  ] 

'  CHAMBERS'S  CYCLOPAEDIA  OP  ENGLISH 
LITERATURE.' — In  connexion  with  occasional 
notes  on  the  '  Canadian  Boat  Song '  which 
have  appeared  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  during  the  last 
eighteen  months,  the  following  extract  from 
the  article  on  John  Gait  in  the  third  volume 


146 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        no*  s.  i.  FEB.  20,  IDOL 


of  '  Chambers's  Cyclopaedia  of  English  Litera- 
ture' possesses  some  interest.  The  writer 
thus  concludes  : — 

"Gait's  poems  are  of  no  importance,  unless, 
indeed,  he  prove  to  be  the  author  of  a  famous 
'  Canadian  Boat  Song '  imbued  with  the  '  Celtic 
spirit '  which  was  printed  in  the  '  Noctes  Am- 
brosianas '  in  Blackwood  for  1829  as  'received  from 
a  friend  in  Canada.'  As  the  Messrs.  Blackwood 
have  recently  (1902)  suggested,  Gait  was  at  that 
time  writing  them  from  Canada.  But  this  par- 
ticular poem  (long  absurdly  attributed  to  Hugh, 
twelfth  Earl  of  Egliuton,  1739-1819)  is  so  unlike 
Gait's  other  verse  that  direct  evidence  would  be 
required  to  prove  it  his.  The  poem  has  often  been 
quoted,  almost  always  inaccurately,  and  was  re- 
written (not  for  the  better)  by  Sir  John  Skelton  in 
Blackwood  in  1889.  The  original  first  verse  ran : — 

From  the  lone  shotting  on  the  distant  island,"  &c. 
The  writer  in  the  '  Cyclopaedia '  is  unfortunate 
in  his  quotation.  The  stanza  he  cites  is  the 
second  in  the  original  version;  "shieling" 
appears  in  the  original,  and  the  impressive, 
poetic  epithet  "  misty,"  not  "  distant." 

JOHN  GRIGOR. 
[See  9th  S.  ix.  483 ;  x.  64 ;  xi.  57,  134,  198 ;  xii.  364.] 

EPIGRAM  ON  REYNOLDS.  —  The   following 
epigram    upon    Sir    Joshua    Reynolds    was 
quoted  in  a  letter  in  the  Times  of  30  January  : 
Laudat  Romanus  Raphaelem,  Gnecus  Apellem, 
Plympton  Reynolden  jactat,  utrique  parem. 

Plympton  was  Reynolds's  birthplace.  The 
epigram  is  a  paraphrase  of  one  on  Milton  by 
Selvaggi:  — 

Graecia  Maeonidem  jactet  sibi  Roma  Maronem 
Anglia  Miltonum  jactat  utrique  parem. 

_  Perhaps  the  formula  is  older  than  Milton's 
time.  Dryden's  lines  on  Milton  are  an  am- 
plification of  it.  JAMES  R.  FERGUSSON. 

"  SASSABY." — This  zoological  term,  the  name 
of  an  antelope,  is  one  of  the  best  examples  I 
know  of  the  readiness  with  which  English 
assimilates  foreign  elements.  Its  original 
form,  in  the  Sechuana  language  (spoken  by 
the  Bechuanas),  was  tsessebe,  accented  on  the 
middle  syllable.  Old  travellers  wrote  it 
sassaybe,  which  was  still  only  a  denizen  in 
our  tongue,  preserving  the  correct  stress. 
Sassaby,  which  looks  as  if  it  must  have  been 
moulded  upon  wallaby,  is  fully  naturalized, 
and  transfers  the  stress  to  the  first  syllable. 
It  is  the  standard  orthography  of  our  dic- 
tionaries, but  not  one  of  them  shows  any 
knowledge  of  its  history.  The  'Century 
Dictionary'  merely  describes  it  as  "South 
African"— the  'Encyclopaedic,'  still  more 
vaguely,  as  "native  name."  It  has  often 
struck  me  as  curious  that,  although  the 
Bechuanas  are  British  subjects,  our  lexico- 
graphers treat  not  only  this,  but  all  the 


rather  numerous  Sechuana  loan-words  in 
English,  in  the  same  loose  way.  The  '  N.E.D.' 
is  the  only  one  which  gives  a  proper  explana- 
tion of,  for  instance,  such  heads  as  kaama, 
keitloa,  and  kokoon,  and  may  be  trusted  to 
deal  in  a  similar  scientific  spirit  with  the  rest, 
such  as  the  tsetse  fly,  and  the  species  of  ante- 
lopes, nakong,  pallah,  takheitse,  tola,  tunio^o, 
&c.  J.  PLATT,  Jun. 

ANAGRAMS  ON  Pius  X. — My  four  anagrams 
on  the  name  of  Cardinal  Sarto,  now  Bishop 
of  Rome  and  Sovereign  Pontiff,  are  perhaps 
not  the  best  to  be  discovered  ;  but  no  one 
else,  so  far  as  1  know,  has  extracted  or  pub- 
lished them  hitherto. 

1.  Giuseppe  Sarto=Pastor  Pius,  ege  !  i.e., 
O  Pius,  suffer  want  as    Sherjherd   (of    the 
Church) ! 

2.  Giuseppe  Cardinalis  Sarto  =  Supercare  ! 
ni  das  pagos  liti,  i.e.,  Excessively  beloved  ! 
unless  thou  committest  the  world  to  strife. 

3.  Pius    Decimus     Sarto  =  Edic     Pastor 
iussum  !  i.e.,  Pastor,  speak  out  that  which  is 
commanded  ! 

4.  losephe  Cardinalis  Sarto  !=Caeli  Pas- 
toris  es :    hordina !  Thou  belongest  to  the 
Shepherd    of    Heaven !      maintain     order ! 
Ancient  authority  can,  I  believe,  be  found 
for  hordina  instead  of  ordina. 

A  variant  of  the  fourth  is  Caeli  Pastor  es  : 
his  ordina  !  i.e.,  Thou  art  Heaven's  Shepherd. 
Give  orders  for  these  (people) ! 

E.  S.  DODGSON. 

RICHARD  FITZPATRICK  AND  CHARLES  JAMES 
Fox. — The  erroneous  statement  that  Fitz- 
patrick  and  Fox  were  at  school  together  at 
Westminster  is  again  repeated,  s.n.  Fitz- 
patrick,  in  the  'Index  and  Epitome  of  the 
Diet,  of  Nat.  Biog.,'  p.  441.  Fitzpatrick  was 
a  Westminster  boy,  but  Fox  was  an  Etonian. 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

'  THE  OXFORD  ENGLISH  DICTIONARY.'  —  I 
should  like  to  be  allowed  to  put  in  a  plea 
for  the  official  recognition  of  this  title.  The 
bound  volumes  officially  issued  are  not  only 
denuded  of  all  the  interesting  notes  that 
have  been  issued  from  time  to  time,  but  also 
of  the  covers  to  the  parts.  The  result  is  that 
'  O.E.D.'  nowhere  appears,  either  inside  or 
on  the  outside.  If  one  asks  at  a  public  library 
for  the  'O.E.D.'  the  assistant  librarian  looks 
at  you  with  a  doubtful  air,  and  says,  "Is 
that  Dr.  Murray's  dictionary?"  There  is 
plenty  of  room  for  the  addition  of  this  title 
on  the  back  of  the  volume,  even  supposing 
the  word  "New"  is  desired  to  be  kept.  I 
am  aware  that  the  utmost  consideration  was 
given  to  the  selection  of  the  title  at  the  time 
the  first  fascicule  was  issued ;  but  then  the 


io-s.LFKB.2o.i9M.]          NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


147 


Oxford  University  had  only  jusfc  taken  up 
the  splendid  part  it  now  performs.  "New" 
has  long  since  become  an  anachronism. 

In  making  this  suggestion  I  am  not  desiring 
to  deprive  Dr.  Murray  of  one  iota  of  the 
credit  he  is  entitled  to  for  the  great  work 
he  has  piloted  with  such  signal  success.  It 
cannot  be  doubted  that  the  '  Oxford  English 
Dictionary'  has  contributed  more  to  the 
general  education  of  the  world  in  the  Eng- 
lish language  than  anything  that  has  ever 
been  done  before.  For  the  slaughter  of  hun- 
dreds of  errors  I  think  Dr.  Murray  is  much 
more  entitled  to  distinguishing  honours  than 
a  general  who  (in  the  course  of  his  duty) 
slaughters  thousands  of  human  beings,  It 
is  not  only  his  own  contribution,  but  he  has 
so  composed  the  machinery  that  we  have 
every  confidence  that  it  will  never  be  put 
put  of  gear  until  the  great  and  vast  work 
is  ended.  RALPH  THOMAS. 


O&mms, 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

BABAR'S  MEMOIRS. — Can  your  readers  help 
in  the  search  for  a  missing  MS.  ?  It  is  that 
copy  of  the  Turki  text  of  the  Emperor 
Babar's  memoirs  which  the  Hon.  Mount- 
stuart  Elphinstone  lent  to  Dr.  Leyden  and 
to  Mr.  W.  Erskine  for  their  translations. 
There  can  be  no  doubt  that  it  was  in  the 
Advocates'  Library  of  Edinburgh  in  1848. 
No  trace  of  it  can  now  be  found  there. 

If  any  of  your  readers  have  knowledge  of 
the  existence  of  a  copy  of  the  '  Babar-nama ' 
(which  is  variously  entitled  also  the  'Tuzuk- 
i-babari '  and  the  '  Waqiat-i  babari '),  they 
would  confer  a  real  service  by  giving  news 
of  it  to  me.  ANNETTE  S.  BEVERIDGE. 

Pitfold,  Shottermill,  Haslemere,  R.S.O. 

WATER  OF  JEALOUSY. — Will  any  of  your 
correspondents  kindly  tell  me  if  there  is  any 
story  recorded  in  the  West  resembling  the 
following  ] — 

11  During  the  period  of  Ta-Chi  [Tai-Chi  ?  265-74 
A.D.],  Liu  Peh-Yuh  had  his  wife  from  Twan  family 

characteristically  jealous.    One  day  he  happened 

to  recite  before  her  the  celebrated  poem  on  the 
Goddess  of  Lo  river,  and  to  remark  thereon,  '  1 
should  be  satisfied  could  I  possess  such  a  beauty  as 
my  wife.'  To  this  she  retorted,  '  Why  do  you 
praise  the  river-goddess  so  high  in  contradistinction 
to  myself?  It  will  be  very  easy  for  me  to  turn  to 
such  by  my  death.'  The  same  night  she  drownec 
herself  in  the  water  now  called  Tu-fu-tsin  (Jealous 
Woman's  Ford).  A  week  after  she  appeared  in  her 


msband's  dream  and  spoke  to  him,  'I  am  now 
urned  to  a  water-goddess,  with  whom  you  were  so 
jarnest  in  your  wish  to  associate  yourself,'  which 
made  him  ever  after  avoid  fording  that  water.  And 
after  her  drowning,  every  woman  of  any  personal 
jxcellence  has  to  neglect  her  dress  and  appearance 
n  order  to  pass  the  ford  in  safety ;  otherwise  storms 
and  waves  would  disturb  it.  But  in  case  a  woman 
s  really  ugly,  she  could  ford  it  without  causing  the 
:ury's  jealousy ;  so  even  every  ugly  one  now  endea- 
vours to  make  a  special  display  of  her  personal 
negligence  to  avoid  being  laughed  at  by  the  by- 
standers. Thence  the  local  maxim,  '  If  you  seek  a 
jeautiful  woman  in  marriage,  you  should  stand  by 
the  ford  ;  at  the  same  instant  any  woman  comes  and 
stands  near  it,  her  beauty  or  ugliness  pronounces  its 
own  sentence  truly.' "  —  Twan  Ching-Shih,  '  Yu- 
yang-tsah-tsu,'  ninth  century,  Japanese  edition, 
1697,  torn.  xiv.  fol.  8. 

Terashima's  'Wakan  Sansai  Ibzue,'  1713, 
torn.  Ivii.,  quoting  two  Chinese  works,  says  : 

'In  Ping-Chau  exists  the  so-called  Spring  of  the 
Jealous  Woman,  from  which  cloud  and  rain  issue 
whenever  any  gaily  dressed  woman  approaches  it. 
Similarly  to  this,  a  Spring  of  Scolding  is  in  the 
northern  side  of  a  church  in  Ngan-Fang-Kiun. 
Should  a  man  utter  clamours  beside  it,  its  water 
would  rise  up  to  heights  varying  proportionally  to 

the  degrees  of  his  loudness [Turning  to  Japan] 

there  stands  close  to  the  hot  spring  at  Arima  what 
people  call  '  The  Second  Wife's  Spring,'  which, 
when  upbraided  with  abusive  words,  suddenly  be- 
comes effervescent  as  if  in  a  violent  passion  ;  whence 
the  name  [because'  its  fury  resembles  that  of  the 
first  wife  occasioned  by  her  jealousy  of  the  second 
wife].  Further,  the  province  Suruga  has  the  so- 
called  Old  Woman's  Pond.  Legend  speaks  of  a 
woman  particularly  peevish  and  jealous  ending  her 
life  in  it,  8  August,  1593.  Should  one  loudly  exclaim 
to  it,  '  You  are  an  ugly  hag,'  the  water  would  sud- 
denly rise  with  bubbles — the  louder  the  cry,  the 
stronger  the  agitation  ;  which  is  popularly  ascribed 
to  the  self-drowned  woman's  jealousy/' 

KUMAGUSU  MlNAKATA. 

Mount  Nachi,  Kii,  Japan. 

SPANISH  DOGGEREL. — Can  I  appeal  to  MR. 
J.  PLATT,  JUN.,  or  any  other  reader  of 
'  N.  &  Q-,'  as  to  the  meaning  of  the  following 
lines  ]  In  the  Semanario  Pinioresco  Espanol 
for  1857,  p.  130,  it  is  stated  that  there  is  a 
menhir,  or  stone  pillar,  about  12  ft.  high,  con- 
cerning which  these  lines  are  current  in  the 
neighbourhood  : — 

Galica  gilando, 

puso  aqui  este  tango, 

y  Menga  Mengal 

le  volvio  a  quitar. 

Roughly  or  literally  translated,  it  may 
read :  "  Galica  gilando  placed  here  this 
'tango.'  and  Menga  Mengal  returned  to  take 
it  away."  "Tango  " is  a  gipsy  or  rustic  dance. 
With  regard  to  Menga,  the  same  periodical 
(pp.  156, 172)  describes  a  tumulus  accidentally 
discovered  in  1832  during  a  quest  for  stones 
for  road-mending  on  the  plain  of  Alava. 
Near  this  is  a  kistvaen  called  the  Cueva 


148 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io«- s.  i.  FEB.  20, 1904. 


de  Menga  or  cle  Mengal.  In  Caballero's 
'  Diccionario  de  la  Lengua  Castellana '  Men- 
gala  is  given  as  the  name  of  an  Indian  deity. 

AYEAHR. 

BOOK  COLLECTORS. — Can  any  reader  supply 
me  with  briefest  biographical  details  relat- 
ing to  two  book  collectors,  (1)  E.  Kroencke, 
(2)  F.  O.  Beggi  1  C.  S. 

SUNDIAL  MOTTO. — Having  had  a  copy  made 
of  an  early  fourteenth-century  sundial,  I  am 
anxious  to  put  a  motto  on  it  to  suit  the 
period.  Will  any  one  oblige  me  by  letting 
me  know  if  the  following  is  correct  in  con- 
struction and  spelling  to  suit  the  time  of 
Barbour,  the  author  of  '  The  Brus '  ? 

A  .  COVTH  .  I  .  SPEK  .  THIS  .  WALD  .  I  .  SAY 

BID  .  NOCHT  .  QVHILL  .  NIGHT  .  WERK  .  QVHILLES  . 

TO  .  DAY  . 

The  Northern  Anglo-Saxon  of  Barbour's  \vork 
I  understand  is  very  perfect. 

L.  J.  PLATT. 
The  Birches,  Stirling,  N.B. 

EARL  OP  EGREMONT. — An  article  in  the 
Morning  Leader  of  1  February  on  the  Albany 
mentions  incidentally  that  the  Earl  of  Egre- 
mont  (i.e.,  George  O'Brien,  third  earl)  never 
married.  Can  you  or  any  of  your  readers 
refer  me  to  the  dates  of  three  or  four  issues 
of  the  Daily  Western  Times  of  Exeter,  of 
about  twenty  years  ago,  which  stated  that 
he  was  twice  married,  or  to  any  other  sources 
of  a  similar  purport,  or  to  the  name  of  the 
lady  by  whom  he  is  said  to  have  been  jilted, 
or  to  the  titles  of  works  bearing  on  his  public 
or  private  history  ?  This  earl  was  certainly 
followed  in  the  titles  by  a  fourth  earl,  whilst 
at  the  same  time  his  three  illegitimate  sons 
unaccountably  took  the  entailed  estates. 
Though  he  was  a  prominent  personality  for 
the  long  period  of  his  life  of  eighty-six  years, 
and  a  munificent  patron  of  the  artists  of  his 
day,  very  scant  records  would  appear  to 
exist  as  to  his  life,  to  prove  or  disprove  his 
relations  with  Lady  Melbourne  and  the 
parentage  of  his  children.  Is  it  suggested 
that  the  Premier  Lord  Melbourne  was  his 
son  ?  ARCHAEOLOGIST. 

FERDINANDO  GORGES  OF  EYE.  —  Can  any 
one  inform  me  of  the  relationship  (if  any)  of 
Sir  F.  Gorges,  "Lord  Proprietor  of  Maine" 
(9th  S.  xii.  347),  to  Ferdinando  Gorges  of 
Barbadoes,  but  afterwards  of  Eye,  co.  Here- 
ford, who  died  in  1701,  and  is  said  to  have 
descended  from  Sir  Edward  Gorges  and 
Lady  Anne,  his  wife,  daughter  of  first  Duke 
of  Norfolk  1  Robertson's  '  Mansions  of  Here- 
fordshire '  states  that  Ferdinando  Gorges  was 
son  of  Henry  Gorges,  of  Buttercombe,  co. 


Somerset.  His  daughter  Barbara  married 
Thomas,  Earl  of  Coningsby.  I  should  be 
glad  of  any  information  re  the  family  of 
Ferdinando  Gorges.  H.  L.  L.  D. 

"AN  AUSTRIAN  ARMY."— You  refer,  ante, 
p.  120,  to  "An  Austrian  army  awfully  ar- 
rayed "  as  being  first  printed  in  Bentley's 
Miscellany  of  March,  1838.  I  very  well  remem- 
ber its  appearance  there— indeed,  learned  it 
there ;  but  among  my  memoranda  I  have  : — 

"An  Austrian  army,  &c.— This  originally  appeared 
in  the  Trifler  (1807  or  1817),  a  paper  printed  in 
College  St.,  Westminster,  and  was  written  by  the 
Westminster  School  boys.—'  The  Week.' "  t 

I  presume  this  could  be  verified  without 
much  difficulty,  and  it  would  be  matter  of 
interest  to  me,  and  probably  to  others. 

G.  C.  W. 

AUDYN  OR  AUDIN  FAMILY.— In  Guillim's 
'  Displaye  of  Heraldry,'  1633,  and  subsequent 
editions,  it  is  stated  that  the  arms  "Argent, 
on  a  cross  gules  five  lioncels  salient,  are  borne 
by  the  family  of  Audyn  (or  Audin)  of  Dor- 
chester, in  the  county  of  Dorset."  I  should 
be  glad  to  learn  where  further  information 
concerning  this  family  can  be  obtained. 

GEORGE  A.  AUDEN. 

WILLIAM  HOLLAND  KIDD  was  admitted  to 
Westminster  School  on  2  July,  1781.  I  should 
be  much  obliged  for  any  information  con» 
cerning  him.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

MELANCHOLY.  —  Mr.  W.  S.  Lilly,  in  his 
article  in  the  Fortnightly  Review,  June,  1903, 
p.  1002,  quotes  as  an  old  saying  :  "  Nullum 
magnum  ingenium  sine  melancholia."  Can 
any  one  tell  me  where  it  is  known  to  occur 
for  the  first  time  ?  ASTARTE. 

RUE  AND  TUSCAN  PAWNBROKERS,  &c.— The 
author  of  'In  a  Tuscan  Garden,'  who  kept 
a  hardly  won  paradise  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Florence,  wrote  : — 

"  I  have  been  quite  unable  to  discover  the  reason 
of  the  pawnbrokers'  shops  in  this  part  of  Tuscany 
being  garnished,  so  to  say,  with  little  pots  of  rue. 
All  through  Tuscany  rue  is  considered  very  unlucky, 
and  &  scarlet  thread  is  always  tied  round  the  plant 
in  order  to  keep  off  the  'evil  eye';  scarlet,  more 
than  any  other  colour,  being  supposed  to  be  effica- 
cious for  this  purpose.  Indeed,  I  have  heard  of 
lambs'  tails  being  decorated  with  a  red  ribbon  ! 
Imagine  the  face  of  an  Eskdale  shepherd  if  he  saw 
the  tails  of  his  yearlings  tied  up  with  red  ribbons  ! 
But  the  connexion  of  rue,  the  '  Herb  o'  Grace,'  with 
pawnbrokers'  shops,  remains  as  great  a  mystery  as 
the  eating  of  figs  on  San  Pietro,  now  so  close  at 
hand.  What  the  apostle  had  to  do  with  green  figs 
no  one  seems  to  know ;  only  that  so  to  commemorate 
him  is  the  bounden  duty  of  all  good  Cristiani.  The 
invariable  answer  to  any  questions  on  such  points 
is,  that  it  is  of  uso  antichissimo" — Pp.  416,  417. 


io»  S.L  FEB.  20,1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


149 


I  am  aware  that  the  cima  di  ruta,  modelled 
in  silver,  was  used  as  an  amulet  against  the 
evil  eye,  and  that  rue  itself  has  long  been 
held  in  high  estimation  as  a  remedy  for  ills 
within  the  body  and  without ;  but  I  do  not 
know  why  it  should  be  in  such  eminent 
favour  among  the  pawnbrokers  of  Tuscany. 
Can  any  correspondent  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  declare 
the  reason  ?  Mr.  El  worthy  says  nothing, 
I  think,  about  the  efficacy  of  scarlet  in 
counteracting  fascination,  but  he  points  out 
instances  in  which  varicoloured  ribbons  are 
used  as  a  defence.  One  day  as  I  was  toiling 
in  the  sunshine  up  the  hill  to  Cortona  I  saw 
beautiful  white  calves  ornamented  with  red 
ribbons  being  brought  out  of  the  city  as  if 
for  some  pagan  sacrifice.  The  trimmings 
were  certainly  picturesque,  and  probably  they 
were  also  regarded  as  being  prophylactic.  I 
dare  say  the  connexion  between  green  figs 
and  St.  Peter's  Day  is  nothing  more  esoteric 
than  coincident  ripeness.  ST.  S WITHIN. 

"DRUG  IN  THE  MARKET."— Regarding  the 
word  "drug"  in  this  phrase,  the  'H.E.D.' 
says  it  is  questionable  if  it  is  the  same  word 
as  the  ordinary  word  "drug."  In  A.  Boyer's 
'  Royal  Dictionary  Abridged'  (French-English 
and  English-French),  seventh  edition,  1747, 
under  'Garde-boutique'  may  be  found  :  "A 
slug,  or  a  commodity  that  grows  a  slug,  a 
commodity  that  sticks  by  one";  and  under 
'Slug,'  "This  commodity  grows  a  slug  (or 
Drug),  cette  marchandise  n'est  qu'une  drogue, 
c'est  un  garde-boutique"  May  it  be  that  the 
two  expressions  were  independent,  and  that 
some  one  with  an  imperfect  ear  or  memory 
said  "it  is  a  drug  in  the  market"  instead  of 
"slug"?  Both  expressions  are  appropriate, 
but  the  two  ideas  are  different.  Sir  Walter 
Scott  in  his  '  Diary,'  8  December,  1825,  says, 
"  Poetry  is  a  drug,"  but  he  does  not  say  "  in 
the  market."  U.  V.  W. 

CLAVERISG:  DE  MANDEVILLE. — "Were  these 
families  originally  identical  ?  The  arms  of 
Clavering  and  De  Mandeville  are  similar, 
Quarterly,  or  and  gules.  Was  the  village  of 
Clavering  in  Essex  held  by  a  De  Mandeville  ? 
And  was  the  Moat  Farm  House  the  original 
manor?  T.  W.  CAREY. 

Guernsey. 

"  KING  OP  PATTERDALE."— Says  the  Penrith 
guide-book :  "  Stybarrow  Crag  and  Pass, 
where  the  '  King  of  Patterdale '  successfully 
repelled  a  band  of  Scottish  mosstroopers  in 
the  troublous  times  of  Border  warfare."  Who 
was  the  "  King  of  Patterdale  "  ?  Having  last 
summer  visited  the  Crag,  I  am  interested  in 
this  personage,  if  personage  there  be,  since 


Canon  Rawnsley  thinks  that  he  is  purely 
mythical.  I  am,  however,  of  opinion  that 
he  was  some  Penrith  warrior  enjoying  a 
courtesy  title  equivalent  to  that  of  the  Lord 
of  Haddon  Hall—"  King  of  the  Peak." 

J.  B.  McGovERN. 
St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 

KNIGHT  TEMPLAR.  —  Would  some  reader 
kindly  give  the  origin  or  meaning  of  the 
eight  points  in  the  cross  of  this  order  1 

READER. 

Dublin. 

RECORDS  OF  MONASTERY  OF  MOUNT  GRACE 
LE  EBOR'. — Can  any  of  your  readers  give  me 
information  as  to  where  the  records,  if  any, 
of  the  Carthusian  (?)  monastery  of  Mount 
Grace  le  Ebor'  are  to  be  seen  ? 

H.  C.  SURTEES,  Lieut. -Col. 

ST.  DUNSTAN. — Was  it  at  Glastonbury  or 
at  Mayfield  that  this  saint  "  pulled  the  devil 
by  the  nose  "  1  M.  A.OxoN. 


ADDISON'S  DAUGHTER. 
(10th  S.  i.  88.) 

BILTON  HOUSE  was  bought  by  Addison 
before  his  marriage  for  10,000£.,  the  greater 
part  of  which  was  lent  to  him  by  his  brother, 
Gulston  Addison.  It  had  been  built  in  1623, 
and  belonged  to  the  Boughton  family,  whose 
shield  is  carved  on  one  of  the  wings.  Addi- 
son bequeathed  it  to  his  wife,  the  Countess 
of  Warwick,  and  after  their  daughter's  death 
it  passed  to  a  relation,  whose  descendants, 
by  name  Bridgeman  Simpson,  still,  I  believe, 
possess  it.  The  daughter,  Charlotte  Addison, 
was  deficient  in  intellect.  Many  stories  of 
tier  oddity  are  traditional  in  the  village.  She 
was  always  fancying  herself  in  love,  and 
wished  to  leave  the  property  to  a  Mr.  Cave, 
whom  she  imagined  to  be  enamoured  of  her. 
That  she  "could  repeat  the  whole  of  her 
father's  works  "  no  one  probably  will  be  found 
bo  believe. 

The  house  is  Elizabethan,  approached 
through  a  winding  avenue  of  stately  limes, 
earlier  than  Addison,  who,  however,  planted 
in  the  grounds  many  Spanish  oaks,  which 
still  remain.  The  interior  abounds  with  in- 
teresting portraits,  chiefly  by  Vandyke,  who 
was  a  kinsman  of  the  Gulston  family.  They 
include  one  of  the  four  equestrian  pictures  of 
Charles  I. ;  a  Countess  of  Warwick  with  sweet 
countenance  and  expression ;  an  Addison, 
older  and  coarser  than  the  Magdalen  College 


150 




portrait ;  a  Prince  Rupert  and  Prince  Maurice, 
the  first  rakish  and  dissipated,  the  other 
faultlessly  beautiful.  In  the  garden  are 
ancient  yew  and  holly  hedges  ;  through  the 
holly  opens  an  iron  gate,  surmounted  with  a 
cipher  of  the  initials  J.A.,  C.W  Thp>  ™ 
ceipted  bill  for  this  gate,  which  cost  5oL  ?s 
preserved.  In  a,  corner  is  a  covered  seat 

teh^fe  jnft  %%&$£• 

cypress  I  have  ever  seen.     A  cabinet  in  ?he 
drawing-room  holds  a  brass  dog-collar  with 
the  name  Joseph  Addison  in  scro  tork 
toy  silver  teapot  belonging  to  Miss  AdSn 
and  a  piece  of  rich  brocade,  part  of  htr  dress' 
Somewhere  in  the  mansion  is  said  to  b?  a 
concealed    closet,    filled    with    AddisonTan 

Rev.  John  Addison 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


S.  I.  FEB.  20,  1904. 


but 


able 
W.  T. 


eaber 


=Frances  Lawson. 


Lieuffc- Thomas  E.  K.  Addison, 
of  the  Buffs  (died  1875). 

Pau. 

r^v^|t£€,r'Fr;s^a 
ssr  ^ff&f^ff&^ 

Street,  \Ll™_-J  \2™et'  a«d  dated  '  KnrH«»^. 


trustees,  or  both, 
*"u-   her 


uneasiness,  for 
"~t-u  to 


chiefly  from  her  dpsT™  ^t  "U8  .matctt  to  proceed 
telling  me  that  Mr  K  •  marrymg,  she  every  day 
her,  and  she  cfnnot  h^  ^r8°n  ¥  disagreea6le  to 
whom  she  SU?Si&.™5S  M  w^th  a  Man 
V"1;  ,ne  says  ' 
Match  go  on,  ana  11 
Bilton  she  cannot 
~erson,  she  will 


Love  with, 
to  let  ye 


person,  she  will 
(Egerton  MS.  No. 


135). 


her  final 


his 


the 


8fSfijf&  ^ 

eorated  proprietor  of 
Adduon  s  di 
and 


f-  Addison,' 
the   writer 


-W  = 


Berkeley  A. 
(Royal  Irish  Rifles'. 

SSiSS5««='— SS: 

But  careless  now  of  fortune,  fame  or  fate 
Perhaps  forgets  that  Addison  was'great."  ' 

lYlclt'tilGW     Jtf OiDGchfi      "RlnYfl  m       r\f 

-r-e"^  iu  a  paper  read  before  the  Warwick 

Miss  Charlotte  Addison  was  buried  in  tha 

ollowmg  days  it  was  sold  at  Sotheby's  ft 
onsisted  of  1,856  lots,  and  realized  3 Is  M 
«QsP1SreS  W6re  ^  disPersed  until  June 
»J».  Ihey  were  sold  at  Christie's  in  thirtv- 
ve  lots,  and  realized  4,067^.  95.  A  nicturo 
f  Miss  Addison  as  a  little  girl  wasfeSned 
JOHN  T.  PAGE. 


io»  s.  i.  FEB.  20,  low.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


151 


See  the  '  Diet.  Nat.  Biog.,'  i.  130  (where  it 
is  said  she  was  "  of  rather  defective  in- 
tellect "),  and  the  references  there  supplied. 
See  also  the  'Parish  Registers  of  St.  Ed- 
mund's, Lombard  Street,'  by  W.  Brigg,  B.A., 
1892,  preface  and  p.  54.  Addison's  marriage 
took  place  on  9  August,  1716,  not  on  the  3rd, 
as  in  'D.N.B.,'i-  129.  W.  C.  B. 

A  great  deal  of  interesting  information 
concerning  this  lady  and  her  residence,  Bilton 
Grange,  near  Rugby,  may  be  found  in 
Howitt's  'Homes  and  Haunts  of  the  British 
Poets'  (fourth  edition,  1858),  published  by 
Routledge  &  Co.  She  died  in  1797,  at  the 
age  of  eighty,  was  buried  in  the  chancel  of 
Bilton  Church,  and  according  to  this  autho- 
rity^ left  all  her  property  away  from  the 
Addison  family,  and  to  the  Bridgemans. 

Mention  is  made  of  a  portrait  existing  in 
the  house  at  that  time  of  Addison  by  Kneller 
in  light  blue,  as  represented  in  the  hall  of 
Queen's  College,  Oxford ;  of  her  mother,  the 
Countess  of  Warwick;  of  herself  when  a 
child,  and  many  other  fine  portraits.  As 
is  well  known,  the  house  was  once  in  the 
occupation  of  C.  J.  Apperley,  the  Nimrod  of 
sporting  literature. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

The  accounts  we  have  of  this  lady  differ 
somewhat.  See  'Annual  Register,'  xxxix. 
12,  and  *  N.  &  Q.,'  7th  S.  x.  434,  513. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 


'  ADDRESS  TO  POVERTY  ' :  BY  CHARLES 
LAMB?  (10th  S.  i.  43.)— I  have  been  long 
familiar  with  the  'Address  to  Poverty,'  tran- 
scribed by  COL.  PRIDEAUX  from  the  '  Poetical 
Register'  for  1806-7  (London,  1811,  vol.  vi. 
p.  264).  The  lines  first  appear  in  the  opening 
number  of  the  Monthly  Magazine  (February, 
1796),  vol.  i.  p.  55,  where  they  are  signed  L. 
and  dated  1  February,  1796.  Their  melan- 
choly cast  is  not  unlike  the  tone  of  despond- 
ency which  occasionally,  though  rarely, 
strikes  us  in  Lamb's  earliest  letters  to  Cole- 
ridge (see,  for  instance,  the  letter  dated 
10  December,  1796  — '  Letters,'  ed.  Ainger, 
1888,  vol.  i.  p.  55).  Yet  I  do  not  believe 
them  to  be  Lamb's.  Certain  other  pieces, 
written  in  rhymed  decasyllabics  and  signed 
L.,  but  differing  from  Lamb's  known  early 
verse  in  style  and  sentiment,  are  to  be  found 
in  the  poets'  page  of  this  magazine  in  the 
years  1796-8.  In  the  second  number  of  the 
magazine  there  is  a  poem  in  this  metre  and 
with  this  signature,  entitled  '  The  Prostitute' 


(dated  3  March,  1796),  which  might  also  con- 
ceivably be  Lamb's  : — 

THE  PROSTITUTE. 

As  trav'lers  through  life's  vary'd  paths  we  go, 
What  sights  we  pass  of  wretchedness  and  woe 
Ah  !  deep  and  many  is  the  good  man's  sigh 
O'er  thy  hard  sufferings,  poor  Humanity  ! 

What  form  is  that  which  wanders  up  and  down  ? 
Some  poor  unfriended  orphan  of  the  town  ! 
Heavy,  indeed,  hath  ruthless  sorrow  prest 
Her  cold  hand  at  her  miserable  breast ; 
Worn  with  disease,  with  not  a  friend  to  save, 
Or  shed  a  tear  of  pity  o'er  her  grave ; 
The  sickly  lustre  leaves  her  faded  eye  ; 
She  sinks  in  need,  in  pain,  and  infamy  ! 

Ah  !  happier  innocent !  on  whose  chaste  cheek 
The  spotless  rose  of  virtue  blushes  meek  ; 
Come  shed,  in  mercy  shed,  a  silent  tear, 
O'er  a  lost  sister's  solitary  bier  ! 
She  might  have  bloom'd  like  thee  in  vernal  life  ; 
She  might  have  bloom'd.  the  fond  endearing  wife  ; 
The  tender  daughter ; — but  want's  chilling  dew 
Blasted  each  scene  hope's  faithless  pencil  drew  ; 
No  anxious  friend  sat  weeping  o'er  her  bed, 
Or  ask'd  a  blessing  on  her  wretched  head. 

She  never  knew,  tho'  beauty  mark'd  her  face, 
What  beggars  woman-kind  of  ev'ry  grace  ! 
Ne'er  clasp'd  a  mother's  knees  with  fond  delight, 
Or  lisp'd  to  Heav'n  her  pray'r  of  peace  at  night ! 
Alas  !  her  helpless  childhood  was  consign'd 
To  the  unfeeling  mercy  of  mankind  ! 

This  second  poem,  which  contains  one  line 
(1.  25)  borrowed  from  Bowles  ('Verses  to  the 
Philanthropic  Society,'  1.  116),  is  reprinted 
in  a  little  volume  entitled  '  Beauties  of 
British  Poetry,'  edited  by  Sidney  Melmoth, 
and  published  at  Huddersfield  in  1801.  It 
also  contains  a  phrase — "  want's  chilling  deio" 
— which  seems  to  be  suggested  by  Coleridge's 
'  Lines  on  a  Friend  who  died  of  a  Frenzy 
Fever,'  1794  :— 

such  chill  dew 
Wan  Indolence  on  each  young  blossom  shed. 

Had  the  'Address  to  Poverty'  and  'The 
Prostitute '  been  Lloyd's,  they  would  most 
likely  have  been  collected  in  one  of  his  sub- 
sequent volumes.  On  the  whole,  I  incline 
to  think  they  were  written  by  Robert  Lovell, 
Southey's  brother-in-law  and  collaborator  in 
the  little  volume  entitled  '  Poems  by  Robert 
Lovell  and  Robert  Southey.'  published  at 
Bath  in  1795.  In  this  volume  the  poems 
contributed  by  Southey  were  signed  "  Bion," 
while  those  of  Lovell  were  distinguished  by 
the  signature  "Moschus."  Lovell  died,  after 
a  brief  illness,  in  April,  1796,  but  he  may 
have  sent  a  number  of  verses  to  the  magazine 
shortly  before. 

Amongst  the  crowd  of  contemporary  poet- 
asters were  two  other  "L.s" — Capel  Loffc 
and  the  Rev.  William  Lipscomb.  But  the 
general  resemblance  to  Bowles  of  the  'Ad- 
dress' and  'The  Prostitute'  on  the  one 


152 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[10«>  S.  I.  FEB.  20,  1901. 


and  tl 

S-  A.  POTTS. 

..UAj/x.*  ABBEY  (10th  S    i   «7    nr 
church  of  Werden,  restored  in  ?849  is'on  the 


by  bamuel  Harrison  5  "' 
and 


Q  the    book    mentioned     by    MR 

snaw  will,  however,  be  found  in  the  following 
directories  of  Sheffield:  Edward  I  BaSS? 
1822,  as  resident  at  72,  Shales  Moor 


^w«. 

41,  Westbar,  draper  ;  and  J.  Pigot's 
1841,  as  resident  at  64,  Westbar,  draper 


COMBER  FAMILY  (ioth  S.  i  47  RQ\ 


tees  Society's  publications 


HALLEY'S  COMET  (10*  S.  i.  86).-The  late 
tS  ?S  Pont/.coula^  exhaustively  investi! 

ts  llf  aer,m°fcl0nS  °-f  Halley's  co^et  from 

that  fh  appearan      m 


are  published  "in  vol.  Ivii  of  the 
r^tS.°f  uthe  French  Academy,  th| 
referred  to  by  MR.  McPiKE  Pont? 

calUcuTatedVth°  died'Kin  1874'  had  Previously 
calculated  the  position  of  the  comet  at  tho 

waAte  t?^;  H,is  first  ^rminat  on 
would  £  i5  xrdate  ?f  return  to  Perihelion 
Imp  fn  •  November,  1835.  Rosenberger 
came  to  a  similar  conclusion.  The 


the  "* 


on      e 


Blackheath. 


ing 


Apollo 


intended 
(10".  S 


>  IMMUREMENT  ALIVE  OF  RELIGIOUS  C9tf  8 
xii.,25    131,  297,  376,  517;   10*  S    i    50)  -T 

e 


'     a  ue  *™  **, 

MAXWELL  is  not   quite 

P"0^  that  I  referred  to 
Warrender  House  as  tho 
principal  locality  of  James  Gran  "s  historica! 
romance  'The  Scottish  Cavalier'  The 
building  in  which  the  heroine  of  the  story 
Lihan  Namer,  Lady  Clermistonlee,  so 


. 

,    which  stood  near  tho 

°f  Edinbui>gh-     How  the  edifice 
the  name  of  "  Wrychtis-housis  "is 
now  unknown;   but  the  Napiers  appear  to 

Th^  ^  8ameM  fr°^  a  ve?y  earf; 
The  antique  pile  was  one  of  the 


io«>  s.  i.  FEB.  20,  i9w.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


153 


oldest  baronial  dwellings  near  the  city,  and 
by  far  the  most  picturesque,  and  was 
encrusted  with  armorial  bearings,  heraldic 
devices,  inscriptions,  &c.  One  of  the  dates 
upon  it  was  1339 ;  and  an  inscription  ran 
"In  Domino  confido  1400."  In  the  Herald, 
6  April,  1799,  a  notice  of  its  purchase  appeared 
for  a  site  for  Gillespie's  Hospital ;  and  in 
1800  its  demolition  was  achieved,  but  not,  by 
the  way,  without  a  spirited  remonstrance 
from  the  Edinburgh  Magazine.  The  mansion 
in  which  the  historian  of  'The  Douglas 
Family'  spent  part  of  his  childhood  was 
erected  later  than  the  year  1645,  and,  as  he 
has  stated,  "stands  to  this  day."  For  an 
illustration  of  "  Wrychtis-housis,"  and  for 
one  of  Warrender  House,  see  '  Old  and  New 
Edinburgh,'  vol.  iii.  pp.  36  and  48. 

HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 
119,  Elms  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 

M.  N.  G.  is  unfortunate  in  referring  to  the 
Charlestown  "event"  in  illustration  of  the 
opinion  that  "  it  does  not  seem  improbable 
that  escaped  nuns  were  buried  alive."  The 
facts  of  the  case  afford  a  monitory  lesson  to 
swift  witnesses  in  cases  of  immurement. 
"She  was  captured,  taken  back  to  the 
nunnery,  and  demands  for  her  release  were 
refused."  "The  nun  was  never  afterwards 
heard  of." 

An  Ursuline  nun,  Sister  Mary  St.  John, 
overwrought  and  nervous,  mentally  un- 
balanced, strayed  away  from  the  convent 
to  a  neighbouring  farmhouse :  this  was  the 
escape.  Her  brother,  living  in  Boston,  was 
sent  for,  and,  in  company  with  Bishop 
Fenwick,  he  brought  her  back  to  the 
convent :  this  was  tne  capture.  As  to  the 
demands  for  her  release,  the  reply  of  Cardinal 
Wiseman,  in  the  Connolly  case  in  England, 
could  be  made  here  :  "  The  door  is  open,  she 
can  walk  out  if  she  wishes." 

"  The  nun  was  never  afterwards  heard  of." 
In  this  she  differed  from  the  "  Escaped  Nun  " 
of  our  day,  who  is  ofcen  heard  of.  The 
Charlestown  nun  was  heard  of  :  1.  When  the 
Selectmen  of  the  town  visited  the  convent 
in  a  body,  and  were  shown  over  the  house 
and  grounds  by  Sister  Mary  St.  John.  2.  On 
the  night  of  the  burning,  when  she  accom- 
panied the  girls  in  their  flight  from  the  mob. 
3.  When  the  committee  of  twenty  repre- 
sentative citizens  of  Boston  investigated  the 
"event,"  and  declared  in  their  report  that  as 
to  the 

"supposed  muitler  or  secretion  of  Miss  Harrison, 
it  is  only  necessary  for  the  committee  to  recapitu- 
late the  facts  already  before  the  public,  with  the 
further  assurance  that  the  relation  has  been  person- 
ally confirmed  by  her  to  some  of  them,  who  were  well 


acquainted  with  her  before  the  destruction  of  the 
convent,  and  have  repeatedly  seen  and  conversed 
with  her  since."  (Italics  theirs.) 

4.  At  the  ancient  Ursuline  Convent  of 
Quebec,  where  she  lived  after  the  catastrophe 
at  Charlestown.  Finally,  when  she  appeared 
as  a  witness  at  the  trial  of  the  rioters. 

This  is  a  good  illustration  of  the  opinion 
that  "nuns  were  immured  alive."  Authori- 
ties for  1,  3,  5,  Bishop  England's  'Works,' 
vol.  v.  pp.  232-347,  '  Documents  relating  to 
the  Charlestown  Convent ' ;  for  2,  '  The 
Burning  of  the  Convent,  as  remembered  by 
one  of  the  Pupils,'  Boston,  Osgood  &  Co., 
1877  j  for  4,  '  Records  Am.  Cath.  Hist.  Soc.,' 
vol.  v.  pp.  476-9.  EDWARD  I.  DEVITT. 

Georgetown  College,  Washington,  D.C. 

JOHN  LEWIS,  PORTRAIT  PAINTER  (10th  S.  i. 
87). — The  portrait  of  Henry  Brooke  by  Lewis 
is  in  my  possession.  It  is  unsigned,  and  was 
touched  up  by  another  hand  about  forty 
years  ago.  I  also  have  portraits  of  his  father, 
Rev.  William  Brooke  (painter  unknown),  and 
his  brother  Robert,  painted  by  Robert  him- 
self. Lewis  probably  painted  the  portrait 
when  on  a  visit  to  Sheridan  at  Quilca,  be- 
tween whom  and  the  Brookes  of  Rantavan 
there  was  a  cousinhood.  The  name  '  The 
Farmer,'  under  Miller's  mezzotint,  is  derived 
from  the '  Farmer's  Letters,'  by  Henry  Brooke, 
who  was  better  known  as  the  author  of  the 
novel  '  The  Fool  of  Quality.'  According  to 
an  article  in  the  Dublin  University  Magazine, 
November,  1852,  'A  Pilgrimage  to  Quilca,' 
Lewis  was  a  London  man.  Can  any  genealo- 
gist give  me  any  particulars  of  the  Brooke- 
Sheridan  relationship  ?  HENRY  BROOKE. 

5,  Falkner  Square,  Liverpool. 

"MoosE"  (9th  S.  xii.  504).— The  present 
writer  has  no  knowledge  of  Indian  languages, 
but  he  offers  the  following  extracts  in  the 
hope  that  they  will  enable  MR.  PLATT  to 
reach  a  definite  conclusion  as  to  the  deri- 
vation of  "moose."  It  will  be  seen  that 
Smith  mentioned  the  moose  earlier  than  1624. 

"  Moos,  a  beast  bigger  then  a  Stagge." — 1616, 
Capt.  J.  Smith,  '  Description  of  N.  England,'  p.  29. 
(Smith  reached  the  coast  of  what  is  now  Maine  in 
1614.) 

"  There  is  also  a  certaine  Beast,  that  the  Natiues 
call  a  Mosse,  he  is  as  big  bodied  as  an  Oxe." — 1622, 
'A  Briefe  Relation  of  the  Discovery  and  Plan- 
tation of  N.  England,' p.  26.  (This  pamphlet  was 
reprinted  in  1625  by  Purchas  in  his  'Pilgrimes,' 
iv.  1831,  and  in  1890  by  J.  P.  Baxter  in  his  'Sir 
F.  Gorges  and  his  Province  of  Maine,'  i.  230,  and 
recounts  events  from  as  early  as  1607. ) 

"  Also  here  are  seuerall  sorts  of  Deere, &  a 

great  Beast  called  a  Molke  as  bigge  as  an  Oxe."— 
1630,  F.  Higginson,  '  Xew  -  Englands  Plantation,' 
B4b.  ("Molke"  has  always  been  regarded  as  a 
printer's  error  for  "  Moose  "  or  some  similar  form.) 


154 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  FEB.  20,  im. 


The  beast  called  a  Moose,  is  not  much  unlike 
red  Deare,  this  beast  is  as  bigge  as  an  Oxe."—  1634, 
W.  Wood,  'New  Englands  Prospect,'  p.  23. 

"They  have  likewise  another  sort  of  mantels, 
made  of  Mose  skinnes,  \yhich  beast  is  a  large  l)eere 
eo  bigge  as  a  horse  ......  First,  therefore,  I  will  speak 

of  tne  Elke,  which  the  Salvages  call  a  Mose  :  it  is 
a  very  large  Deare."—  1637,  T.  Morton,  'New 
English  Canaan,'  pp.  29,  74. 

"There  are  Beares,  Wolves,  and  Foxes,  and 
rnany  other  wilde  beasts,  as  the  Moose,  a  kind  of 
Deere,  as  big  as  some  Oxen,  and  Lyons,  as  I  have 
heard.  -—1642,  T.  Lechford,  '  Plain  Dealing,'  p.  111. 

These  extracts  show  that  the  word  "moose" 
was  known  as  early  as  1616,  and  that  it  soon 
became  established  ;  but  they  throw  no  light 
on  its  derivation  further  than  the  fact  that 
lfc  is  Indian.  Perhaps  the  following  extracts 
will  be  of  assistance  to  ME.  PLAIT  :  — 


"  Moos-sdog.  The  great  Oxe,  or  rather  a  red  Deere 
......Moose.     She  skin  of  a  great  Beast  as  big  as  an 

'KeS°>me  °WJ  \  9  red  Deere-"-1643>  R-  Williams, 

V-?ri5?al>-  J&P&    ¥om  ........  Orignal,    jeune    <* 

petit,  Mamchich."—  1703,  La  Hontan,  'Petit  Dic- 
tionaire  de  la  Langue  des  Sauvages'  in  'Nouveaux 
Voyages,  11.  209,  210. 

"  The  Moose  is  a  Creature,  not  only  proper,  but 
it  is  thought  peculiar,  to  North  America,  and  one 
ot  the  noblest  Creatures  of  the  Forest  ;  the  Abori- 
</me*  have  given  him  the  Name  of  Moose,  Moomk 

dley>  in 


'  By  way  of  amusement,  I  wrote  down  a  few 

Algonkin  words,  which  I  learnt  from  a  Jesuit  who 

has  been  a  long  time  among  the  Algonkins.     They 

call        the  elk,  moosu  (but  so  that  the  final  «  is 

n77my^r°CUnC?d)i^1749'   R    Kalm-   'Travels' 

n  a  noto   ^h  Jf  R>  F°rSter'  th,e  tra»slator,  adds 

i  a  note,      1  he  famous  moose-deer  is  accordingly 

nothing  but  an  elk  ;  for  no  one  can  deny  the  deriva^ 

tion  of  moose-deer  from  moosu." 

This  town  [New  Comer's  Town]  is  situated  on 
the  west  side  of  the  river  Muskingum  which  is  a 


"  -  Pr°Per  onuncatnin 
Indian  is  Mooskmgung,  i.e.,  Elk  Eye  River  In 
their  language  an  elk  being  callecf  moo  •  .  .The 
Mild  beasts  met  with  here  I  Ohio  River]  are  bears 

S  frbTth^n'  rldcat8'  foxes  .......  dee'r  and  35 

Journal!'    heeWare8  moos"-™>  »•  Jones,' 


e—  The    moose    deer."—  1807     G 

ah7£iA!ra:°  ""•*  & 

"Moose  —  Moose-wa    _  is-'n     r»     \*T 

' 


'T,h®Moose  ......  This  appellation  is  derived  from 

the  name  given  to  the  animal  by  the  Algon^ 


quins."— 1826,  J.  D.  Godman,  'American  Natural 
History,'  i.  274. 

"  The  Moose  Deer  is  said  to  derive  its  present 
name  trom  its  Algonquin  and  Cree  appellation  of 
mongsoa  or  moosoa."— 1829,  J.  Richardson,  'Fauna 
Boreah-Americana,'  i.  232. 

"Moose  is   an   Algonkin    word,   found   also   as 
moosis,  miLsu,  musica,  mouswah,  &c.,  said  to  mean 
'wood-eater.' "—1893,    E.  Cones,    '  Expeditions   v. 
Lewis  and  Clark,'  iii.  1032  note. 

By  way  of  curiosity,  the  following  may  be 
added.  In  1712  an  attempt  was  made  to 
send  three  moose  to  England  as  a  present 
to  Queen  Anne,  but  the  united  efforts  of  the 
Governors  of  Massachusetts,  Connecticut, 
and  JSiew  York  failed  to  accomplish  the  feat, 
though  two  of  the  moose  were  seen  by 
Franklin,  then  a  boy  of  six.  Under  date  of 
2  February,  1768,  we  learn  from  the  Gentle- 
mans  Magazine  that  "a  male  Elk  was  carried 
to  Richmond  as  a  present  to  his  majesty" 
(xxxviii.  91).  Could  this  have  been  the  moose 
which  S.  Hearne  stated  (in  his  'Journey,' 
1795,  p.  257)  was  sent  from  Canada  as  a 
present  to  George  III.?  In  October  of  the 
same  year  a  moose  was  exhibited  and  offered 
for  sale  in  Boston.  ALBERT  MATTHEWS. 
Boston,  U.y. 

TICKLING  TKOUT  (9th  S.  xii.  505).— Not 
always  does  the  adept  wait  to  see  "a  tail 
sticking  out  from  the  roots."  He  will  often 
kneel  on  one  of  the  large  stones  which  inter- 
fere with  the  calm  flow  of  a  trout  beck,  pass 
his  hands  gently  round  the  submerged  edge 
of  it,  and  gently  secure  the  fish  which  is 
harbouring  underneath.  Synonyms  for  such 
1  tickling  "  are  "  grappling  "  or  "  groping  "  for 
ou^-  ST.  S  WITHIN. 

Archer,  in  Farquhar's  '  Beaux'  Stratagem,' 
Act  III.  scene  ii.,  says  : — 

"I  can  play  with  a  girl  as  an  angler  does  with  his 
nsn  :  he  keeps  it  at  the  end  of  his  line,  runs  it  up 
the  stream  and  down  the  stream,  till  at  last  he 
brings  it  to  hand,  tickles  the  trout,  and  so  whips 
it  into  his  basket." 

HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

I  hope  MR.  RATCLIFFE  will  pardon  me  if 
I  say  that  his  description  of  the  "tickling" 
of  trout  is  unlike  my  experiences  of  it.  Ffty 
years  ago  I  "  tickled  "  many  hundreds  ;  and, 
on  your  own  property,  it  was  in  those  days 
not  thought  such  a  sin  as  MR.  RATCLIFFE 
asserts  it  now  to  be.  There  is  no  need  to 
wade  up  stream,  there  is  no  need  to  look  out 
for  the  fishes'  "tails";  and  if  you  "grabbed 
with  both  hands  "  you  would  be  in  imminent 
danger  of  losing  your  prey. 

EXPERIENTIA  DOCET. 


SED    cui    VIDE"   (10th  S.  i.  87).— 
Jacob  Astley,  Royalist  general,  was  created 


io»  S.L  FEB.  20.19M.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


155 


baron  in  1645  (Vincent's  '  Diet,  of  Biog.').  It 
seems  to  have  been  the  custom  in  the  early 
history  of  the  army  to  engrave  the  motto 
of  the  commander  of  a  regiment  upon  the 
swords,  so  that  perhaps  this  general  was  a 
descendant  of  the  ancient  Astleys  of  Ever- 
leigh,  Wilts,  whose  motto  is  "Fide,  sed  cui 
vide."  See  Burke's  'General  Armory1  and 
his 'Peerage.'  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

AYLMER  ARMS  (9th  S.  xii.  448).— The  late 
REV.  C.  R.  MANNING  stated  at  2nd  S.  x.  394  : 

"  Bishop  Aylmer  was  born  at  Aylmer  or  Elmer 
Hall,  now  a  farmhouse  at  a  short  distance  to  the 
east  of  the  church,  in  the  parish  of  Tilney  St.  Lau- 
rence, Norfolk,  between  King's  Lynn  and  Wis- 
beach." 

In  Blomefield's  '  Norfolk '  (vol.  i.  p.  139)  it 
is  said  : — 

"On  a  gravestone  [in  the  church  of  Tivetshall 
St.  Mary,  the  adjoining  parish]  were  Aylmer's 
arms,  viz.,  Ar.,  on  a  cross  ingrailed  sab.  five  bezants 
between  four  magpies  proper ;  it  lies  in  the  chancel, 
but  the  effigies,  arms,  and  inscription  are  gone." 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

FLAYING  ALIVE  (9th  S.  xii.  429,  489  ;  10th  S. 
i.  15,  73). — The  following  paragraph  relates 
an  incident  very  similar  to  that  mentioned 
by  MR  PIERPOINT.  It  is  taken  from 
D.  W.  Goller's  'People's  History  of  Essex' 
(MDCCCLXI.),  p.  555,  but  the  church  referred 
to  is  that  of  Copford  : — 

"The  church,  with  its  massive  walls,  which 
formerly  supported  an  arch  over  the  whole  of  the 
building,  its  circular  east  end,  and  its  old  entrance 
door,  will  tempt  the  traveller  to  turn  towards  the 
antique  fabric.  This  door  is  ornamented  with 
rude  flourishes  of  rusty  ironwork,  which  formerly 
fastened  securely  to  the  wood  beneath  a  thick 
substance  outwardly  resembling  parchment — similar 
to  that  at  the  church  at  Hadstock.  Tradition, 
which  takes  maternal  charge  of  many  a  marvellous 
tale,  connects  the  leather-like  and  shrivelled  coating 
with  the  system  of  savage  retribution  found  in  the 
code  of  justice  in  the  olden  time,  but  happily 
blotted  from  its  pages  in  the  present  century. 
Some  Danes,  saith  this  authority,  robbed  the 
church — considered  one  of  the  most  heinous  of 
crimes  in  the  mediaeval  ages — and  were  subjected 
to  the  fearful  process  of  flaying  alive,  their  skins, 
carefully  preserved,  being  thus  affixed  to  the  door 
as  a  terrible  memento  of  the  wretches  who  had 
dared  to  raise  their  sacrilegious  hands  against  the 
house  of  God.  The  peculiar  character  of  the  door 
appears  to  have  first  attracted  notice  on  the  restora- 
tion of  the  church  in  1690 ;  and  'an  old  man  at 

Colchester  said  that  in  his  young  time  he  heard  his 
master  say  that  he  had  read  in  an  old  history  that 
the  church  of  Copford  was  robbed  by  Danes,  and 
their  skins  nailed  to  the  doors.'  This  is  the  founda- 
tion of  the  tradition.  Anxious  to  test  it,  we  pro- 
cured a  piece  of  the  skin,  of  which  time  and  curious 
visitors  have  now  left  scarcely  a  shred.  This  we 
submitted  to  a  scientific  friend,  skilled  in  anatomy, 
who,  after  softening  and  subjecting  it  to  rigid 


examination,  pronounced  it  to  be  '  part  of  the 
skin  of  a  fair -haired  human  being'  — thus  con- 
firming to  a  considerable  extent  the  tale  of  torture 
which  garrulous  tradition  has  told  to  her  wondering 
auditors." 

On  reference  to  the  account  of  Hadstock 
Church  in  the  same  book  (p.  543)  I  find  the 
following  sentence : — 

"  The  north  door  of  the  church  is  ornamented 
with  ancient  ironwork,  beneath  which  was  a  skin 
of  enormous  thickness,  which  appeared  to  have 
been  tanned ;  and  this  tradition  represents  as  the 
skin  of  a  Dane  who  was  flayed  alive  for  sacrilege  in 
this  church." 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

My  sons  saw  the  Dane's  skin  on  the  church 
door  of  Copford  a  few  years  ago ;  some  of 
it  is  now  preserved  in  the  Colchester 
Museum.  It  is  mentioned  in  '  The  Family 
Topographer,'  by  S.  Tymms,  vol.  i.  p.  22. 

R.  J.  FYNMORE. 

Sandgate. 

There  is  a  notable  picture  in  the  collection 
of  the  Bruges  Academy  (removed  to  another 
building  near  the  Porte  Ste.  Catherine?), 
showing  the  flaying  alive  of  an  unjust  judge. 
Mr.  Weale's  guide  to  the  Academy  of  Bruges 
or  bis  'Bruges  et  ses  Environs'  would  give 
detailed  particulars.  JOHN  A.  RANDOLPH. 

ARMS  WANTED  (9th  S.  xii.  329).— The  arms 
of  Edward,  second  Earl  of  Derwentwater, 
were  :  Quarterly  of  twenty-four,  1,  Argent,  a 
bend  engrailed  sable  (Radcliffe) ;  2,  Argent, 
two  bars  gules,  on  a  canton  of  the  last  a 
cinquefoil  or  (Derwentwater);  3,  Gules,  a 
fesse  between  three  Catherine  wheels  or 
(Cartington) ;  4,  Gules,  a  fesse  between  three 
hedgehogs  argent  (Claxton);  5,  Argent,  a 
fesse  gules  between  three  garbs  or  (Tyudale)  ; 
6,  Ermine,  on  a  fesse  gules  three  annulets  or 
(Barton);  7,  Gules,  three  lions  passant  in 
bend  argent  between  two  bendlets  gobony 
or  and  azure  (Moryn,  alias  Morgan) ;  8,  Per 
fesse  gules  and  argent,  six  martlets  counter- 
changed  (Fenwick) ;  9,  Or,  a  fesse  vaire 
argent  and  azure  between  three  falcons  vert 
(Horden) ;  10,  Gules,  on  a  cross  argent  five 

cross-crosslets  of  the  field  (Essenden) ;  11, 

on   a    bend   three    roses (Carnhow) ;    12, 

Argent,  a  fesse  between  three  mullets  sable 
(Barret) ;  13,  Vert,  a  lion  rampant  or  within 
a  bordure  engrailed  (Heaton);  14,  Argent, 
a  bat,  wings  expanded,  vert  (Baxter) ;  15, 
Argent,  a  chevron  between  three  martlets 
gules  (Wallington) ;  16,  Gules,  on  a  bend 
argent  three  eagles  displayed  vert  (Strother) ; 
17,  Azure,  six  annulets,  3,  2,  and  1,  or 
(Musgrave) ;  18,  Barry  of  eight  or  and  gules, 
a  quarter  ermine  (Ryal) ;  19,  Argent,  a 


156 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [10*  s.  i.  FKB.  20,  im. 


maunch  gules  bezantee  (Flamville) ;  20, 
Quarterly,  argent  and  gules,  over  all  a  stag's 
head  of  the  second,  attired  and  pierced 
through  the  nose  with  an  arrow  or  (Trewick) ; 
21,  Sable,  a  maunch  argent  (Wharton);  22, 
Argent,  three  hair  bottles  or  (Harbottle) ; 

23,  Argent,  three  ewers  gules  (Montboucher) ; 

24,  Gules,  a  chevron  between  three  escallops 
arg.  (Charron).  H.  R.  LEIGHTON. 

East  Boldon,  co.  Durham. 

FIELD-NAMES,  WEST  HADDON,  co.  NORTH- 
AMPTON (10th  S.  i.  46,  94).— For  his  exceedingly 
kind  and  helpful  reply  I  desire  to  offer  to 
MR.  EDWARD  PEACOCK  my  hearty  thanks. 
Although  at  present  unable  to  test  all  the 
points  raised,  I  may  refer  to  some  of  them. 

California. — This  field  was  purchased  in 
1851  by  the  trustees  of  the  Benefit  Society, 
and  laid  out  in  allotments  for  the  use  of  their 
members.  The  Californian  gold  fever  was 
then  at  its  height,  and  so  the  field  received 
the  name  uppermost  in  men's  minds  at  that 
period.  But  it  happens  to  be  rather  a  long 
word,  and  so  it  has  got  reduced  to  the  more 
diminutive  and  easy  form  of  "  Cally."  The 
field  is  now  in  my  possession. 

Huckaback.—\  find  a  good  many  people 
call  this  "  Ho-back,"  but  it  appears  in  certain 
writings  as  "  Huckaback,5'  and  I  believe  this 
is  quite  correct.  The  field  forms  part  of  one 
of  our  local  watersheds,  but  there  are  no 
ponds  or  streams  actually  on  the  ground. 

Hungerwells. — The  ground  gently  slopes  on 
all  sides  to  some  farm  buildings  in  a  corner 
of  this  field. 

LorcFs  Piece. — I  cannot  make  out  that  this 
ever  belonged  to  the  Lord  of  the  Manor,  but 
it  is  close  to  West  Haddon  Hall.  More  pro- 
bably it  refers  to  the  surname  Lord,  which 
frequently  occurs  in  our  registers. 

Toot  Hill.—  This  is  one  of  the  highest 
points  in  the  parish.  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

As  a  small  rider  to  MR.  PEACOCK'S  interest- 
ing article  on  place-names  with  the  ghastly 
prefix  or  suffix  "  hell,"  I  venture  to  give  two 
instances  of  its  use  as  the  sole  name.  Amonj 
the  documents  belonging  to  the  Mayor  am 
Corporation  of  Dorchester  is  a  fine  old  oak- 
covered,  brass-bossed  and  clasped  parchment 
book  of  records,  &c.  Its  title  is  '  Dorchester 
Domesday.'  In  it,  at  f.  xx,  is  enrolled  a 
deed  about  a  burgage  in  Uluenlane,  now 
Colhton  Street.  This  burgage  is  described 
as  being  between  a  certain  tenement  and 
"placeam  Kob'i  Gutton  voc'  helle"  (date 
2  Hen.  IV.).  Again,  at  Weymouth  there  was 
an  instance.  In  the  '  Descriptive  Catalogue 
of  the  Charters,  Minute  Books,  &c.,  of  the 


Borough  of  Weymouth  and  Melcombe  Regis ' 
[Weymouth,  Sherren,  1883),  p.  64,  we  find 
as  follows.  Among  other  presentments  on 
12  Sept.  and  2  Oct.,  1620,  there  is  one  that 
a  boat  had  been  placed  "  in  vico  sive  venella 
vocat :  the  East  Lane  ante  domum  vocut : 
Hell."  Part  of  this  house  is  still  standing. 

H.  J.  MOULE. 
Dorchester. 

REV.  SAMUEL  FISHER  (9th  S.  xi.  8).-  On 
10  March,  1650,  Dr.  John  Reading  publicly 
disputed  with  Samuel  Fisher,  an  Anabaptist, 
in  Folkestone  Church.  It  was  this  Dr. 
Reading  who  presented  a  large  Bible,  with 
gold  clasps,  to  Charles  II.,  when  he  landed 
at  Dover,  26  May,  1660.  See  *  The  Illustrated 
Guide  to  Sandgate,  Folkestone,  Hythe,  &c.,' 
c.  1862,  p.  19.  R.  J.  FYNMORE. 

Sandgate. 

PENRITH  (10th  S.  i.  29,  97).— I  have  seen 
the  surname  "Piercy."  Not  only  do  Alnwick 
people  also  pronounce  Percy  "  Peercy,"  but 
it  is  so  pronounced  throughout  Northumber- 
land. R,  B— R. 

South  Shields. 

WILLIAM  HARTLEY  (10th  S.  i.  87).  — The 
late  J.  Hartley,  LL.D.,  barrister-at-law,  of 
2,  Temple  Gardens,  who  had  a  residence  in 
or  near  Leeds,  was,  I  believe,  the  son  of  a 
Leeds  manufacturer  or  merchant.  Perhaps 
some  member  of  his  family  might  answer 
MR.  ARKLE'S  question.  I  believe  that  the 
Rev.  S.  St.  G.  J.  Hartley,  vicar  of  Exton  with 
Horn,  killed  in  the  Alps  last  year,  was  a  son 
of  Dr.  Hartley.  MISTLETOE. 

"  GIMERRO  "  (10th  S.  i.  107).— I  remember 
reading  about  this  hybrid,  the  offspring  of  a 
bull  and  a  mare,  some  time  ago,  where  I 
cannot  now  remember.  It  occurs  in  the 
mountains  of  Savoy  and  Piedmont,  and  can 
only  feed  on  rich  grass  land,  as  the  front 
teeth  do  not  meet,  and  this  prevents  it 
nibbling  short  Alpine  grass.  SHERBORNE. 

A  hybrid  of  the  kind  described  by  Baretti 
is  a  mere  figment  of  the  brain — a  chimera 
(with  softened  ch)  in  fact.  The  gimerro  or 
jumart  is,  in  reality,  a  hinny,  the  correlative 
of  a  mule.  Probably  one  of  the  antelopes, 
the  gnu,  the  bubaline,  or  the  nylghau,  gave 
rise  to  the  idea  that  a  cow  could  be  crossed 
with  a  horse.  J.  DORMER. 

GLOWWORM  OR  FIREFLY  (10th  S.  i.  47,  112). 
—  The  explanatory  addition  of  "i.e.,  the 
glowworms',"  at  the  latter  reference  is  a 
curious  slip.  It  was  the  waxen  thighs  of 
humble-bees  which  Shakespeare's  elves  were 
commanded  by  Titania  to  crop. 


io*  s.  i.  FEB.  20,  wo*.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


157 


To  the  poems  already  enumerated  may 
be  added  Wordsworth's  '  Pilgrim's  Dream  ; 
or,  the  Star  and  the  Glowworm,'  also  the 
closing  lines  of  Gilbert  White's  '  Naturalist's 
Summer-evening  Walk.'  CHAS.  GILLMAN. 

Church  Fields,  Salisbury. 

Primd  facie  I  should  say  that  the  glow- 
worm and  the  firefly  are  two  totally  distinct 
species  of  insect,  though  perhaps  the  latter 
term  may  be  applied  to  the  former.  Let  me 
quote  the  glee  by  Bishop  in  the  opera  of 
'  Guy  Mannering,'  which  all  your  readers 
must  have  heard  : — 

The  chough  and  the  crow  to  roost  have  gone, 

And  the  owl  sits  on  the  tree ; 
The  west-wind  howls  with  feeble  moan 

Like  infant  charity ; 
The  firefly  glances  from  the  fen, 

The  red  star  sheds  its  ray, 
Up  rouse  ye  then,  my  merry,  merry  men, 
It  is  our  opening  day. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 
Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

Moore  has  written  a  poem  'To  the  Fire- 
fly ';  and  his  ballad  '  The  Lake  of  the  Dismal 
Swamp'  ends  with  these  lines  : — 

But  oft  from  the  Indian  hunter's  camp 

This  lover  and  maid  so  true 
Are  seen,  at  the  hour  of  midnight  damp, 
To  cross  the  lake  by  a  firefly  lamp, 
And  paddle  their  white  canoe. 

Longfellow  in  '  Hiawatha '  has  written  as 
follows : — 

All  the  air  was  white  with  moonlight, 
All  the  water  black  with  shadow, 
And  around  him  the  Suggema, 
The  mosquitoes  sang  their  war-song, 
And  the  fireflies,  Wah-wah-taysee, 
Waved  their  torches  to  mislead  him. 

Tennyson's  comparison  of  stars  with  fire- 
flies in  'Locksley  Hall'  will  be  familiar  to 
most  readers.  Coleridge  in  'The  Nightingale' 
has  these  lines  : — 
Their  bright,  bright  eyes,  their  eyes  both   bright 

and  full, 

^Glistening,  while  many  a  glowworm  in  the  shade 
Lights  up  her  love-torch. 

Byron  in  '  Manfred  '  has  the  following: — 

When  the  moon  is  on  the  wave, 
And  the  glowworm  in  the  grass. 

Johnson  in  his  dictionary,  under  the  word 
"glowworm,"  quotes  both  from  Shakspeare 
and  from  Waller.  E.  YARDLEY. 

[Besides  the  translation  from  Vincent  Bourne 
mentioned  by  PROF.  SKEAT,  ante,  p.  112,  Cowper 
wrote  '  The  Nightingale  and  the  Glowworm.'] 

CROWNS  IN  TOWER  OR  SPIRE  OF  CHURCH 
.(9th   S.  xii.  485 ;    10th  S.  i.  17,  38).— A  note- 
worthy example  of  a  spire  with  a  crown  is 
•that  of  the  steeple  of  Notre  Dame,  Bruges. 
JOHN  A.  RANDOLPH. 


CARDINALS  AND  CRIMSON  ROBES  (9th  S.  xii. 
486  ;  10bh  S.  i.  71).— MR.  WAINEWRIGHT  says, 
"The  red  robes  have  been  worn  since  1464; 
the  purple  is  now  only  worn  in  Lent  and 
Advent."  MR.  OLIVER,  quoting  from  Mac- 
kenzie Walcott,  says,  "  In  1290  Pope  Boniface 
gave  the  cardinals  a  purple  dress  in  imita- 
tion of  the  Roman  Consuls." 

There  appears  to  be  confusion  in  the  use 
of  the  word  "purple."  It  is  u«ed  for  dark 
blue,  ranging  from  "garter  blue"  to  the 
darkest  indigo  blue,  or  for  reds,  from  crimson 
to  dark  blood-red,  or  again  for  a  blending  of 
blue  and  red,  resulting  in  various  tints,  from 
a  red  plum  colour  to  dark  violet.  The  old 
Roman  or  royal  purple  was,  I  think,  a  dark 
crimson,  such  as  one  may  see  in  the  robes  of 
Venetian  nobles  depicted  by  Paul  Veronese. 
Is  not  this  the  cardinal's  purple?  Violet 
would  be  worn  by  cardinals  in  Advent  and 
Lent,  but  it  should  not  be  called  purple. 

S.  P.  E.  S. 

ST.  MARY  AXE:  ST.  MICHAEL  LE  QUERNE 
(9th  S.  x.  425;  xi.  110,  231  ;  xii.  170,  253,  351, 
507;  10th  S.  i.  89).  — MR.  J.  HOLDEN  MAC- 
MICHAEL  asks  me  to  refer  to  a  document 
relating  to  St.  Michael  le  Querne— an  early 
document  preferably — in  which  that  church 
is  styled  "St.  Michael-in- the- Corn-market." 
I  thought  I  had  already  done  so  when,  in  a 
former  paper,  I  quoted  from  the  archives  of 
St.  Paul's  Cathedral  an  early  document  in 
which  the  church  is  described  as  "  S.  Michael 
ubi  bladum  yenditur."  Exactly  the  same 
description  will  be  found  in  a  very  early  will 
which  is  recorded  in  Dr.  Sharpe's  '  Calendar 
of  Husting  Wills.'*  A  place  where  corn  is 
sold  is  a  corn-market,  and  there  is  evidence 
to  show  that  the  corn-market  was  held  in  that 
part  of  the  West  Cheap  in  which  St.  Michael's 
Church  was  situated.  Some  time  later  the 
cumbrous  phrase  "ubi  bladum  venditur"  was 
shortened  into  "ad  bladum,"  or,  iu  English, 
"atte  Corn" — not  "at  corn,"  be  it  noted,  but 
"  at  the  Corn,"  i.e.,  the  Corn-market.  There 
is  nothing  unusual  in  this  abbreviation.  The 
hill  which  led  up  to  the  market  was  known 
as  Corn  Hill,  not  Corn-market  Hill.  Another 
thoroughfare  further  east  is  still  known  as 
The  Poultry,  that  is,  the  place  where  poultry 
was  sold,  or  the  poultry  -  market.  Grace- 
church,  one  of  the  few  London  churches 
mentioned  in  a  pre-Conquest  charter,  is 
therein  styled  Gerscherche,  or  Grass-church, 
because  it  adjoined  the  grass-market.  No 

*  Being  far  away  from  my  books  just  now,  I  am 
unable  to  give  the  exact  reference,  but  the  will  may 
be  found  near  the  beginning  of  the  first  volume  of 
Dr.  Sharpe's  valuable  work.  [Vol.  i.  p.  3.] 


158 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io»  s.  i.  FEB.  20, 190*. 


amount  of  ingenuity  will  turn  bladum,  which 
means  "corn,"  into  a  querne  or  hand-mill, 
and  ME.  MACMICHAEL  may  therefore  abandon 
the  belief  that  "  Querne "  (a  very  late  form, 
by-the-by)  alludes  to  the  sign  of  a  miller  or 
baker. 

As  regards  St.  Mary  Axe,  no  one  disputes 
the  fact  that  in  the  seventeenth  and  eigh- 
teenth centuries  the  sign  of  the  "Axe"  was 
a  comparatively  common  one,  and  Axe  Yard 
and  Axe  Alley  were  very  possibly  named 
after  it.  But  this  fact  is  very  slightly 
relevant  to  the  point  at  issue.  In  order  to 
bring  conviction  to  my  mind,  MR.  MAC- 
MICHAEL  must  show  that  this  sign  existed 
at  the  date  of  the  compilation  of  the  Rotuli 
Hundredorum,  and  must  also  give  some 
explanation  of  the  anomalous  form  "apud 
Axe."  It  is  rash  to  argue  about  thirteenth- 
century  facts  from  seventeenth-century  data. 
This  being  the  case,  I  am  afraid  I  can  hardly 
admit  the  potentiality  of  MR.  MACMICHAEL'S 
hypotheses,  while  I  think  there  is  some  pre- 
sumptive proof  of  mine.  My  suggestion,  at 
all  events,  fits  in  with  the  Latin  descriptions 
of  the  church,  while  analogies  may  be  found 
in  the  case  of  St.  John's  and  St.  Stephen's, 
Walbrook.  W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

Ajaccio. 

"  GOING  THE  ROUND"  :  "  ROUNDHOUSE"  (10th 
S.  i.  9,  76).— The  conjecture  that  going  the 
round  (usually  plural)  had  its  origin  in  the 
watchman's  rounds  is  correct.  It  is  interest- 
ing to  note  that  there  is  in  German  a  similar 
expression,  die  Eunde  gehen  (thun).  This  was 
borrowed  from  the  French  faire  la  ronde 
about  the  time  of  the  Thirty  Years'  War,  and 
first  had  reference  to  the  watchman's  going 
his  roimds.  In  the  United  States  a  rounds- 
man is  a  policeman  who  inspects  other  police- 
men on  their  beats. 

CHARLES  BUNDY  WILSON. 

State  University  of  Iowa,  Iowa  City. 

CARVED  STONE  (10th  S.  i.  109).— It  is  im- 
possible to  know  what  the  stone  may  be  from 
the  description  given.  If  MRS.  HUNTLEY 
will  send  me  a  photograph,  good  rubbing, 
or  accurate  drawing,  I  may  be  able  to  express 
some  opinion  about  it. 

(Dr.)  J.  T.  FOWLER,  F.S.A. 

Durham. 

RELICS  OF  ST.  GREGORY  THE  GREAT  (10th  S. 
i.  106).— The  sentence  MR,  WAINEWRIGHT 
quotes  from  my  reply  to  MRS.  CLINTON'S 
query  is  almost  verbatim  from  Gregorovius 
('Tombs  of  the  Popes,'  p.  17,  Eng.  trans., 
1903),  who  says  :  "  In  the  year  729  his  re- 
mains were  transferred  to  the  interior  of  the 
basilica,  where  Gregory  IV.  erected  an  altar 


in  his  honour.  His  tomb  has  perished,  and 
his  marble  effigy  in  the  Vatican  crypt  was 
never  a  part  of  the  original  monument,  but 
served  merely  as  a  decoration  of  the  Ciborium 
of  Innocent  VIII."  MR.  WAINEWRIGHT  may 
be  glad  to  know  of  the  '  Tombs '  volume, 
which  costs  only  a  few  shillings. 

C.  S.  WARD. 

SIR  HENRY  CHAUNCY  (10th  S.  i.  66).— A 
catalogue  of  the  sale  by  auction  of  the  effects 
of  Charles  Chauncy,  M.D.,  F.R.S.,  and 
Nathaniel  Chauncy,  issued  in  1790,  is  in  the 
Corporation  Library,  Guildhall.  It  is  divided 
into  four  parts,  and  contains :  1.  A  list  of 
antique  marble  figures,  busts,  and  bronzes  ; 
2.  A  catalogue  of  their  libraries ;  3.  Their 
collection  of  natural  history  ;  4.  An  account 
of  their  prints,  drawings,  and  miniatures. 
Prices  and  purchasers'  names  are  appended 
in  MS.  Articles  respecting  this  family  have 
also  appeared  in  1st  S.  ix.  ;  5th  S.  viii.,  ix.  ; 
6th  S.  iii.,  xi.  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

FROST  AND  ITS  FORMS  (10th  S.  i.  67, 116).— 
It  may  be  well  to  note  under  the  above 
heading  that  lightning  sometimes,  though  I 
understand  but  rarely,  produces  frondlike 
patterns,  such  as  are  frequently  seen  on 
window-panes  after  a  hard  frost. 

On  Sunday,  22  August,  1897,  a  severe 
thunderstorm  occurred  over  this  town.  A 
house  was  struck,  and  among  other  damage 
done  therein,  a  chimney-piece  was  broken 
and  a  mirror  standing  thereon  shivered  into 
many  fragments.  On  the  board  behind  the 
glass,  at  three  of  the  corners  fernlike  patterns 
were  imprinted.  The  force  which  produced 
these  pictures  did  not  act  in  the  same  way  in 
the  fourth  corner,  where  nothing  definite 
was  to  be  seen.  The  likeness  to  the  fronds 
of  the  common  bracken  was  so  exact  that 
several  persons  drew  my  attention  to  it, 
asking  for  an  explanation,  which  it  was  not 
in  my  power  to  give.  I  was  at  the  time 
anxious  that  photographs  should  be  taken, 
but  this,  I  think,  was  not  done. 

EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

Kirton  -i  n-Lindsey. 

RIGHT  HON.  E.  SOUTHWELL  (10th  S.  i.  8,  56). 
—I  have  before  me  Thorpe's  catalogues  for 
1827-8,  1829-30,  1831,  and  1836,  but  cannot 
identify  the  diary  inquired  for.  In  the  latest 
catalogue  an  addition  of  some  forty  pages 
consists  almost  entirely  of  letters  and  State 
Papers  from  the  Southwell  collection,  a  most 
important  supplement  to  the  1834-5  cata- 
logue mentioned  by  MR.  COLEMAN. 

ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 

39,  Hillraarton  Road,  N. 


w*  s.-i.  FEB.  20,  low.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


159 


IMAGINARY  OR  INVENTED  SAINTS  (9th  S.  xii. 
127,  215,  369,  515).  —  May  I  add  to  the  list 
San  Remo,  the  homonym  of  the  town  from 
which  I  write?  The  name  is  a  corruption 
of  San  Romolo,  the  original  missionary  of 
Western  Liguria,  whose  name  is  still  pre- 
served intact  at  San  Romolo,  a  village  at  the 
foot  of  Monte  Bignone,  an  hour  from  this. 

H. 

San  Remo. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 
Lives  and  Legends  of  the  English  Bishops  and  Kings, 

Medieval  Monks,  and   other  Later  Saints.    By 

Mrs.  Arthur  Bell.  (Bell  &  Sons.) 
WITH  this  handsome,  finely  illustrated,  and  inter- 
esting volume  Mrs.  Arthur  Bell  completes  what 
may  perhaps  be  called  her  trilogy  on  "  The  Saints 
in  Christian  Art."  Previous  volumes  of  the  same 
series  were  duly  noted  in  'N.  &  Q.'  —  'Lives  and 
Legends  of  the  Evangelists,  Apostles,  and  other 
Early  Saints,'  9th  S.  ix.  339,  and  '  Lives  and  Legends 
of  the  Great  Hermits  and  Fathers  of  the  Church,' 
9th  S.  xi.  99.  Special  interest  is  offered  to  English 
readers  by  this  third  and  concluding  portion,  seeing 
that  the  number  of  Anglo-Saxons  who,  during  the 
period  dealt  with,  have  been  admitted  to  the 
celestial  hierarchy  is  exceptionally  large.  It  is  to 
be  regretted,  as  Mrs.  Bell  points  out,  that  there  are 
but  few  works  of  art  in  which  they  are  introduced, 
the  blame  for  this  state  of  things  being  due,  not 
only  to  the  ignorance  prevailing,  among  the  great 
European  painters,  concerning  the  heroes  and  mar- 
tyrs of  Britain,  '  '  divided  from  all  the  world,"  but  also 
"  to  a  great  extent  to  the  ruthless  destruction  after 
the  Reformation  of  all  that  could  recall  the  memory 
of  the  men  who  had  upheld  the  rights  of  the 
Church."  The  volume  opens  with  an  account  of 
the  early  Bishops  of  Canterbury,  first  of  all  coming, 
naturally,  St.  Augustine,  of  whom  a  long  account  j 
is  given.  Lives  follow  of  St.  Paulinus,  the  first  j 
Bishop  of  York  ;  St.  Edwin,  the  first  Christian 
King  of  Northumbria;  St.  Oswald  ;  and  St.  Aidan. 
Ford  Madox  Brown's  picture  of  '  The  Baptism  of 
St.  Edwin  by  St.  Oswald  '  is  the  first  illustration  in  ' 
the  volume  after  the  frontispiece,  which  presents  \ 
'  The  Coronation  of  the  Virgin,'  with  Saints  Francis, 
Dominic,  Antony  of  Padua,  Bonaventure,  Peter 
Martyr,  and  Thomas  Aquinas,  by  Fra  Angelico. 
Another  English  picture  which  follows  is  that 
from  a  window  in  Christchurch,  Oxford,  presenting 
'  St.  Frideswide  in  the  Swineherd's  Hut.'  '  St.  Edith 
of  Polesworth  reproving  Two  of  her  Nuns  '  is  also 
by  Ford  Madox  Brown.  Yet  other  English  designs 
are  from  a  window  in  St.  Neot's  parish  church, 
Cornwall,  and  from  a  MS.  in  the  Bodleian  Library, 
Oxford.  The  last  -mentioned,  which  is  striking, 
shows  a  very  small  St.  Dunstan  at  the  feet  of  a 
colossal  Christ.  When  we  come  to  the  later  por- 
tions of  the  book,  the  designs  are  from  Andrea  del 
Sarto,  Giotto,  Donatello,  Sodoma,  Fra  Angelico,  . 
Filippo  Lippi,  Pacchiarotto,  Pinturicchio,  Murillo,  ; 
and  others  whoso  works  adorn  the  previous 
volumes.  We  may  not  enter  further  into  the  con-  ! 
tents  of  the  book,  but  must  congratulate  Mrs.  Bell  \ 
upon  her  successful  and  earnestly  accomplished  j 
task.  To  have  produced  within  little  more  than  a  ] 


couple  of  years  three  volumes  such  as  those  she  has 
given  to  the  world  is  no  small  accomplishment,  and 
proves  the  whole  to  be  a  labour  of  love.  As  in  most 
modern  work,  the  criticism  remains  enlightened, 
and  sight  is  not  lost  of  the  fact  that  some  saints 
are  obscure  and  some  legends  apocryphal.  In  addi- 
tion to  the  learning  displayed,  however,  the  text 
is  informed  by  a  spirit  of  faith  and  devotion. 

John  Dryden.  Edited  by  George  Saintsbury.  2  vols. 

(Fisher  Unwin.) 

To  the  "Mermaid  Series"  of  Mr.  Fisher  Unwin 
has  been  added  a  selection  of  the  best  plays  of 
Dryden.  If  there  is  a  dramatist  whom  we  are  con- 
tent to  accept  in  such  a  form  it  is  surely  Dryden, 
who  at  his  best,  as  in  '  All  for  Love' — which,  as  he 
says, "  he  wrote  for  himself  " — approximates  Shake- 
speare, and  at  his  worst,  as  in  '  Limberham,'_comes 
in  indecency  not  far  short  of  Wycherley.  Of  '  The 
Conquest  of  Granada,'  in  two  parts,  Johnson  says : 
"  The  scenes  are  for  the  most  part  delightful ;  they 
exhibit  a  kind  of  illustrious  depravity  and  majestic 
madness."  '  Aurengzebe,'  in  the  prologue  to  which 
Dryden  owns  that  he  begins  to  grow  sick  of  his 
long-loved  mistress  Rhyme,  is  perhaps  the  best  of 
his  so-called  heroical  tragedies.  '  Marriage  a  la 
Mode'  has  some  excellent  comic  scenes  and  a  love 
song  of  extreme  indelicacy.  '  The  Spanish  Friar T 
was  constantly  acted  till  near  the  close  of  the 
eighteenth  century.  In  '  Don  Sebastian '  Johnson- 
rather  quaintly  praises  "sallies  of  frantic  dignity.'^ 
These  plays,  with  '  All  for  Love '  and  the  opera  of 
'  Albion  and  Albanius,'  constitute  a  judicious  selec- 
tion. Mr.  Saintsbury's  introduction  and  notes  are- 
excellent.  Dryden's  plays,  apart  from  collected 
editions  of  his  works,  are  not  easily  accessible. 
We  remember  more  than  half  a  century  ago  pur- 
chasing them  in  two  folio  volumes,  now  scarce. 
A  more  convenient  edition,  in  6  vols.  12mo,  with 
plates  by  Gravelot,  was  issued  by  J.  &  R.  Tonson 
in  1762.  This,  though  not  high  priced,  is  also  un- 
common. The  reprint  is,  accordingly,  judicious. 
Many  of  the  other  plays  are  curious,  the  altera- 
tions from  Shakespeare  doing  Dryden  little  credit. 
Portraits  of  Dryden  and  Nell  Gwyn  accompany  the 
present  work. 

TIIE  English  Historical  Review  contains  an  inter- 
esting article  on  Clarendon's  '  History '  by  Mr. 
C.  H.  Firth.  The  net  result  is  very  much  to- 
Clarendon's  credit,  for  it  testifies  to  his  extreme 
desire  to  find  out  the  facts,  and,  though  no  one- 
ever  denied  the  bias  with  which  he  writes,  this 
investigation  shows  how  far  removed  he  was  from 
being  a  mere  liar,  as  Prof.  Thorold  Rogers  thought 
him.  On  the  eternal  question  of  hides  and  virgates 
we  have  a  note  from  Mr.  Salzman  controverting 
the  views  of  Prof.  Tait.  Dr.  James  Gairdner  prints - 
an  abstract  of  Bishop  Hooper's  'Visitation  of 
Gloucester.'  The  reviews  are  dull  and  unimportant, 
the  notice  of  the  American  volume  of  the  '  Cam- 
bridge History '  being  meagre. 

THOSE  given  to  exaggeration  have  been  known  to 
liken  folk-lore  to  the  contents  of  an  eighteenth- 
century  museum,  made  up  of  a  collection  of  curio- 
sities—  here  a  stuffed  tiger,  there  a  few  bronze 
celts,  with  a  charter  of  Henry  II.  in  close  proximity 
to  a  Whitby  "snake-stone"  and  an  African  war- 
club.  There  is  wild  exaggeration  in  this,  but  some 
truth  lies  at  the  bottom.  It  is  yet  too  early  to 
classify  the  facts  of  this  new  science  in  a  way  satis- 


160 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  FEB.  20, 190*. 


•factory  to  those  who  are  apt  to  become  confused 
when  they  cannot  find  all  the  fragments  of  the 
knowledge  they  seek  arranged  in  orderly  sequence, 
as     for    example,    in   a    treatise    on    astronomy. 
.Such  people  must  wait  patiently.    Our  first  duty 
is  to  garner  facts.   The  time  for  classification  is  not 
yet    Some  valuable  attempts  have,  however,  been 
•made,  which,  though  they  may  call  for  revision  as 
time  goes  on,  have  laid  a  sound  foundation  for  the 
Outworks.    '  The  Folk-lore  of  Human  Life,'  in  the 
Edinburgh  Review  for  January,   is  one  of   these. 
We  cannot  speak  of  it  too  highly  if  we  bear  in 
•mind  that  the  facts  at  present  amassed  are  not 
exhaustive  in  any  one  direction.     It  is  possible 
—many  scholars,  indeed,  think  highly  probable— 
that  some  of  the  folk-lore  that  has  come  down  to 
us  is  the  earliest  relic  of  the  human  race  we  possess, 
older  by  untold  generations  than  any  palasolithic 
implement  or  bone-scratched  picture  to  be  found  in 
the  richest  of  our  collections.    However  this  may 
be,  it  is  certain   that  there  are  ideas  which  still 
remain  imbedded  as  fossils  in  human  thought  which 
-are  so  remote  in  their  origin  as  to  have  become 
dispersed,  in  slightly  varying  forms,   throughout 
almost    the    whole    of    the  families   of    mankind. 
When,  for  example,  did  the  spring  and  autumn 
festivals    originate?     Were    they   established    in 
honour  of  gods  now  unworshipped,   or  did  they 
originate  ages  before  savage  man  had  evolved  a 
coherent  theistic  belief?    Did  they  indeed  furnish 
in  some  way  or  other  one  of  the  factors  that  safe- 
guarded the  dawnings  of  primeval  faith  ?  The  May- 
pole yet  exists  in  some  few  of  our  parishes,  and 
May-games  are  happily  not  forgotten  ;  they  indicate, 
,as  the  writer  points  out,  "that  the  road  beneath 
•our  feet  was  trodden  by  other  May-keepers  whose 
symbols  are  now  but  relics,  their  sense  forgotten 
and  out  of  mind.    Heathendom  is  with  us  still;  it 
walks   incognito,  but    the  domino    is    threadbare 
which  masks  its  features."    The  reviewer  does  not 
point  out  that  the  May  Day  or  Martinmas  house 
cleanings  which  occur  with  rigid  uniformity  are 
also  survivals  of  the  spring  and  autumn  festivals 
which,  however  old  they  may  be,  assuredly  come 
down  to  us  from  remote  antiquity.    Housewives 
now  explain    them    on   strictly  "common-sense" 
principles,  which  would  have  done  honour  to  the 
most  ardent  of  the  utilitarians  regarding  whom 
.Sir  Leslie  Stephen  has  discoursed  to  us;  but  it  is 
evident  that  those  who  search  for  origins  will  have 
to  go  back  to  a  state  of  mind  parallel  with  that 
which  impels  the  bird  to  build  its  nest.    'Some 
Aspects  of  Modern  Geology'  contains  little  that 
will  be  new  to  the  serious  student  of  the  science, 
but  even  the  writer  must  have  been  compelled  to 
glean  good  part  of  what  he  knows  from  the  trans- 
actions of  learned  societies  or  from  books  which  are 
avoided  with  equal  care  by  the  many  who  have  an 
antipathy  for  all  reading  which  compels  thought. 
The  essayist  writes  with  becoming  caution.    He  is 
never  contemptuous  of  opinions  which  differ  from 
his  own.    The  idea  that  vast  catastrophes  were  not 
infrequent  in  remote  geological  time  has  revived  of 
late.   We  are  glad  to  find,  however,  that  this  writer 
sees  no  reason  for  accepting  it.    Whatever  may 
have  been  the  state  of  our  planet  when  life  did  not 
exist  thereon,  he  believes  that  from  the  period  when 
organized  creatures,  even  in  their  lowest  forms, 
came  into  being  there  is  "no  suggestion  of  cata- 
clysms or  abnormal  tides,  or,  in  fact,  of  conditions 
materially  different  from  those  which  now  obtain." 
The  paper  on  Galileo  is  well  worth  reading.    So 


much  nonsense  has  been  written  on  the  subject 
that  it  is  cheering  to  have  his  life  discussed  by  a 
competent  person  who  does  not  hold  a  brief  either 
for  the  old  or  the  new  theology.  Galileo  was  a 
mathematician  and  scientist  as  well  as  a  hard 
worker,  and  is  therefore  worthy  of  admiration. 
Had  he  been  more  circumspect  and  less  given  to 
irritating  those  in  power  it  would  have  been  far 
better.  The  paper  on  '  Jacobite  Songs '  is  inter- 
esting, but  we  wish  that  the  writer  had  noted  the 
earliest  appearance  of  each  one  of  them.  We  do 
not  call  in  question  the  genuineness  of  any,  but 
there  are  others,  more  sceptical  than  ourselves,  who, 
we  feel  sure,  will  cherish  doubts.  It  is  not  easy  to 
understand  how  so  much  good  verse  could  be  pro- 
duced by  the  adherents  of  the  fallen  dynasty  at 
a  time  when  most  other  song-writers  were  turning 
out  such  arrant  rubbish.  There  are  articles  on 
'  Franciscan  Literature  '  and  on  '  Robert  Herrick  ' 
which  will  interest  our  readers. 


M.  Louis  THOMAS  is  bringing  out  an  edition  of 
Chateaubriand's  correspondence  and  would  be  much 
obliged  if  any  one  would  give  him  information  on 
this  subject.  As  Chateaubriand  stayed  in  England 
on  several  occasions,  M.  Thomas  presumes  that 
some  at  least  of  his  letters  must  be  in  the  pos- 
session of  English  amateurs.  Copies  of  any  of  these 
will  be  gladly  received  by  M.  Louis  Thomas, 
26,  Rue  Vital,  Paris  (XVI.). 

WE  hear  with  much  pleasure  that  a  fourth 
volume  of  the  '  Catalogue  of  Early  English  Printed 
Books  in  the  University  Library,  Cambridge,'  re- 
viewed ante,  p.  138,  is  in  the  press,  and  will  supply 
the  index  for  which  we  asked. 


We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 

Eut  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
eading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which   they   refer.      Correspondents   who    repeat 
queries   are    requested  to  head  the  second  com> 
munication  "  Duplicate." 

E.  LEGA-WEEKES.—  Your  reply  on  Fellows  of  the 
Clover  Leaf  cannot  be  traced.  Please  repeat. 

BLAZON.— Apply  to  the  Heralds'  Office. 

CORRIGENDA.— P.  119,  col.  2,  1.  4  from  foot,  for 
"Archbishop  Wrangham  "  read  Archdeacon  Wrang- 
ham.  P.  136,  col.  1,  1.  21,  for  "  necessitatem  "  read 
necessitate. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'"— Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
lisher " — at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  E.G. 


io»  s.  i.  FEB.  20, 1904.]         KOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

THE    ATHEN^UM 

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161 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  tl,  130,',. 


CONTENTS. -No.  9. 

.NOTES  :— '  New  Amsterdam '— Shakespeariana,  161— Bur- 
ton's 'Anatomy  of  Melancholy,'  163— The  English  in 
France  —  Sir  T.  Wyatt's  Riddle,  164  —  Crucifix  at  Old 
St.  Paul's— Chicago  in  1853— A  Relic  of  Chateaubriand, 
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who  knows  not"— Eleanor  Mapletoft,  167— Authors  of 
Quotations — Arms  of  Ghent,  168 — 'Lord  Bateman  and  his 
Sophia' — Dorsetshire  Snake-lore— Mess  Dress:  Sergeants' 
Sashes— Arms  of  Lincoln— Is  Golf  Scandinavian  ?— Turner : 
Canaletto,  168— "  Chevinier"— Guide  to  Manor  Rolls- 
Regicides  of  Charles  I.  — Egerton-Warburton  — Ancient 
Britons—"  Bellamy's  "— "  Ovah  "  Bubbles  —  Immortality 
of  Animals— Jamaica  Newspaper,  169. 

REPLIES  :  —  Nelson's  Sister  Anne  —  Curious  Christian 
Names,  170— French  Miniature  Painter— '  Memoirs  of  a 
Stomach,'  171  — "Papers" — Pannell  —  Aylsham  Cloth- 
Robin  a  Bobbin  —  Robert  Catesby— Christmastide  Folk- 
lore, 172  — Court  Posts  under  Stuart  Kings  —  Nameless 
Gravestone  —  Batrome  —  "  Diabread  "  —  Bibliography  of 
Epitaphs,  173— St.  Patrick  at  Orvieto— Reign  of  Terror— 
"Acerbative"  —  Trial  of  Queen  Caroline  — The  Cope  — 
Chauceriana— General  Stewart's  Portrait,  174— Anatomic 
Vivante— Peculiars — "First  catch  your  hare  " — Envelopes 
—"Prior  to"— Moon  Folk-lore,  175— Raleigh  :  its  Pronun- 
ciation —  Smothering  Hydrophobia  Patients  —  Tea  as  a 
Meal — Chinese  Ghosts,  176— Dolores,  Musical  Composer — 
Marlborough  and  Shakespeare,  177. 

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Booksellers'  Catalogues. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


jjiatts, 

'NEW   AMSTERDAM.' 

(See  ante,  p.  58.) 

IN  your  notice  of  my  work  on  'New 
Amsterdam,'  &c.,  I  observe  that  you  have 
inadvertently  confounded  the  so-called  Justus 
Danckers  view  of  1650,  at  the  frontispiece  of 
the  book,  with  the  "Hartgers  view,"  of  about 
1630,  at  p.  2  of  the  work,  in  stating  that  I 
claim  to  have  discovered  that  it  was  originally 
printed  in  a  reversed  form.  As  it  stands 
that  would  be  an  entirely  untenable  claim, 
and  if  not  corrected  it  will  be  quite  likely  to 
draw  out  adverse  comment  from  this  side  of 
the  water. 

Both  the  Danckers  view  and  the  earlier 
Hartgers  view  were  undoubtedly  taken  by 
means  of  a  camera  obscura,  which  instrument 
had  been  recently  introduced  into  draughting 
operations  at  that  period.  This  instrument, 
•when  unprovided  with  supplementary  lenses, 
or  with  a  reflecting  mirror,  takes  in  a  reversed 
form,  as  is  well  known. 

Now  as  to  the  Danckers  view,  I  have  the 
•etching  in  its  reversed  or  original  form  (the 
only  print  of  the  kind  that  I  nave  ever  seen, 
although  I  have  paid  considerable  attention 
to  the  subject),  but  I  know  that  this  view 
had  been  printed  in  proper  form  almost  a 


century  ago.  The  explanation  of  this  is  that 
the  view  of  1650  contains  well-known  land- 
marks, and  a  person  with  the  least  know- 
ledge of  the  topography  of  the  town  could 
see  at  a  glance  that  something  was  wrong 
with  the  view,  and  a  little  examination  would 
suffice  to  show  what  the  difficulty  was. 

With  the  Hartgers  view,  however,  the  case 
was  different,  and  this  was  the  view  which 
I  claim  to  have  first  placed  in  proper  form. 
There  can  be  little  doubt  that  this  was  a 
mere  engineer's  sketch,  to  show  the  plan  of 
the  fort,  and  must  have  been  made  about 
1628-30.  At  this  time  there  were  no  land- 
marks which  could  be  recognized  without 
very  intimate  acquaintance  with  the  localities. 
The  peculiar  position  of  the  fort,  upon  a  point 
of  land  with  a  river  on  each  side  of  it,  was 
the  cause  that  the  reversed  view  did  not 
present  an  intrinsically  absurd  appearance ; 
and  consequently,  though  every  one  saw  that 
there  was  something  strange  about  the  view, 
this  was  usually  ascribed  oy  writers  to  the 
unskilfulness  in  drawing  of  our  ancestors. 
Hartgers,  in  publishing  his  '  Beschrijvingh 
van  Virginia'  in  1651,  had  found  the  view 
somewhere  and  inserted  it  just  as  it  was. 

Writers  on  the  subject  of  the  views  of 
New  Amsterdam,  of  whom  there  have  been 
several,  have  taken  the  date  of  Hartgers' 
work  as  the  period  of  the  view,  although  the 
least  knowledge  of  the  conditions  existing 
at  that  time  would  appear  to  have  been  suffi- 
cient to  have  prevented  them  from  doing  so. 
In  their  comments  upon  this  view  none  of 
them  appears  to  have  had  any  suspicion  that 
the  view  was  not  in  proper  form.  People 
who  did  not  claim  to  be  original  investigators 
made  still  worse  work  of  it.  As  the  build- 
ings, which  were  mostly  upon  the  east  or 
right  hand  looking  towards  the  fort,  appear 
in  the  original  to  be  upon  the  left  hand 
or  west,  one  or  two  popular  writers  have 
announced  that  there  stood  the  first  houses 
in  New  Amsterdam,  and  there  has  actually 
been  a  tablet  put  up  upon  a  building  in  that 
vicinity  to  the  above  effect,  without  appa- 
rently a  scintilla  of  other  evidence— a  disgrace 
to  the  city.  J.  H.  INNES. 

New  York. 

SHAKESPEARIANA. 

"  PRENZIE  "  IN  '  MEASURE  FOR  MEASURE.'— 
For  more  than  fifty  years  the  mystery  of  the 
presence  of  this  apparently  meaningless 
word  in  a  famous  passage  in  '  Measure  for 
Measure '  (Act  III.  sc.  i.)  has  been  from  time 
to  time  a  subject  of  debate  in  the  columns 
of  '  N.  &  Q.,'  but  with  no  absolutely  decisive 
result.  (See  1st  S.  iii.  401,  454,  499, 522 ;  iv.  11, 


162 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  FEB.  27,  im 


G3, 135,  et  passim.)  On  the  supposition-  a  sup- 
position which  I  think  may  be  taken  as  estab- 
lished, in  spite  of  an  able  attempt  to  combat 
it  (8th  S.  ii.  203)— that  the  word,  as  it  appears 
in  the  First  Folio  version  of  the  play,  is  the 
printer's  incorrect  rendering  of  some  illegible 
original,  various  words  have  been  suggested 
from  time  to  time  as  that  possible  original, 
each  supported  by  much  force  and  ingenuity 
of  argument  by  its  particular  suggester. 
Of  these  those  which  have  obtained  the 
greatest  measure  of  support  are  (see 
references  given  above)  princely "  —  the 
one  adopted  in  the  Second  Folio,  and,  J 
believe,  in  most,  if  not  all,  copies  of  the  text 
since  that  time  —  "  priestly,"  "  precise," 
"primzie,"  and  "saintly."  As  no  one  of 
these  has  succeeded  in  obtaining  general 
acceptance,  it  may  seem  presumptuous  at 
this  time  of  day  to  propose  another ;  but,  at 
the  risk  of  adding  to  the  list  of  failures,  I 
will  venture  to  do  so.  The  word  I  would 
suggest  is  "seemly,"  or,  as  it  would  at  the 
date  of  the  play  probably  be  written, 
"seemelie,"  and,  substituting  this  word  for 
"prenzie"  in  the  text  of  the  First  Folio 
instead  of  "princely,"  I  would  have  the 
passage  where  that  word  occurs  run  thus : — 
Claud.  The  seeming  Angelo? 

Isab.  0,  'tis  the  cunning  livery  of  hell, 

The  damned'st  body  to  invest  and  cover 

In  seemly  guards ! 

and  leave  the  propriety  of  the  alteration  to 
the  judgment  of  your  readers.  It  seems  to 
me  (though  that  is  nothing)  that  the  passage 
thus  read  conveys  the  exact  meaning  of  the 
dramatist.  The  introduction  of  the  word 
"precise"  had  also  this  merit,  according  to 
the  almost  common  consent  of  your  quondam 
correspondents  (see  references  above) ;  but  it 
was  open  to  the  fatal  objection  of  vitiating 
the  metre.  The  word  I  have  chosen  avoids 
this,  whilst  being,  in  ray  opinion,  equally 
appropriate  to  the  sense,  if  not  more  so ;  and, 
if  it  be  objected  to  it  that  it  presents  little 
similarity  in  form  to  the  imitative  printer's 
word  "prenzie,"  I  would  urge  that  this  is 
only  so  at  the  first  glance,  for.  written  as  it 
would  be  in  the  characters  of  the  period,  with 
the  elongated  initial  s  (easily  mistaken  for  a 
?>),  it  would  be  found,  I  think,  to  come  nearer 
to  it  in  appearance  than  any  other  of  the 
words  suggested.  JOHN  HUTCHINSON. 

Middle  Temple  Library. 

"MlCHING    MALLICHO"  (9th    S.    xi.    504).— 

Mr.  Richard  W.  Hill,  Stocklinch,  Ilminster, 
has  put  before  me  a  conjecture  which 
occurred  to  him  upon  reading  '  Westward  Ho,' 
chap,  xviii.,  in  which  Kingsley,  apparently 
making  a  transcript  from  Hakluyt,  writes  : 


"We  caught a  sea-cow  full  seven  feet 

long the  Indians  call  her  manati ;  who 

carries  her  young  under  her  arm  and  gives 
it  suck  like  a  woman,"  &c.  Mr.  Hill  is 
inclined  to  regard  "manati"  as  another 
form  of  "manito,"  the  name  of  the  Indian 
spirit,  which  was  conferred  upon  the  sea- 
rnonster  in  question  by  reason  of  its  evil 


corruption 

doubtful  expression  thus  becoming  "milching 
manati,"  i.e.,  performing  a  very  ticklish 
operation.  V.  ST.  GLAIR  MACKENZIE. 

Branscombe,  Dorking. 

4  THE  WINTER'S  TALE,'  III.  ii.  80-5.— 
My  life  stands  in  the  level  of  your  dreams, 
Which  I '11  lay  down. 

Rolfe  :  "  My  life  is  at  the  mercy  of  your 
suspicions,  which  are  like  the  '  baseless- 
fabric  '  of  a  dream." 

Furness:  "  Whencesoever  the  metaphor, 
I  think  that  '  in '  is  here  equivalent  simply 
to  on.  '  You  speak,'  says  Hermione,  '  a  lan- 
guage I  understand  not ;  my  life,— the  actions 
you  impute  to  me,— and  your  dreams  are  on 
a  level.'  That  this  is  the  meaning  is  con- 
firmed, I  think,  by  the  intense  scorn  with 
which  Leontes  repeats  almost  her  very  words: 
'Your  actions  are  my  dreams!  I  dream'd 
you  had  a  bastard  ! ' " 

I  cannot  think  that  Furness  is  happy  in 
this  conjecture.  Hermione's  (mode  of)  life,, 
the  actions  Leontes  imputes  to  her,  and  his 
dreams  can  hardly  be  spoken  of  as  standing 
on  the  same  level,  for,  under  this  explanation, 
they  are  one  and  the  same  thing ;  her  sup- 
posed actions  have  no  existence  except  in  his 
dreams,  of  which  they  form  the  substance.. 
If  there  could  be  any  doubt  that  "  My  life 
stands  in  the  level  of  your  dreams "  means 
"  My  life  is  at  the  mercy  of  your  suspicions," 
I  should  think  it  would  be  dispelled  by  the 
next  clause,  "  Which  I  '11  lay  down,"  confirm- 
ing, as  it  does,  the  thought  of  something 
endangering  her  life.  Without  such  ante- 
cedent thought  the  statement  would  be  un- 
called for;  but  in  this  connexion  it  naturally 
follows — "which  I'll  (therefore)  lay  down." 
This  clause  also  shows  that  "life,"  as  here 
used,  means  not  mode,  manner,  or  course  of 
living,  but  existence  as  a  living  being.  As 
for  Leontes's  reply,  he  naturally  fires  up  at 
the  word  "dreams,"  and  emphatically  asserts 
that  his  opinion  is  not  a  baseless  fabric,  but 
is  founded  on  fact — on  the  queen's  actions. 
E.  MERTON  DEY. 

'THE  WINTER'S  TALE,'  III.  ii.  87-92.— Hud- 
son says  of  the  phrase  "like  to  itself,"  "I 


s.  i.  FEB.  27, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


16$ 


can  make  nothing  of  it;  whereas  '•left  to 
itself '  expresses  the  actual  fact  rightly.  The 
correction  is  Keightley's."  The  meaning 
seems  to  be  that  the  babe  has  been  physically 
cast  out,  as  corresponding  to  the  position 
which  a  natural  child  occupies  in  the  world— 
socially  an  outcast,  no  father  owning  it. 

E.  MERTON  DEY. 
St.  Louis. 

"A  VERY,  VERY   PA  JOCK,"  '  HAMLET, '  III.  ii. 

278.— I  think  the  following  passage  gives  us 
the  word  "  pajock  "  with  a  different  spelling. 
It  is  probably  an  onomatopeic  representation 
of  the  cry  of  the  peacock.  The  passage  is 
from  Sir  John  Harington's  '  Ulysses  upon 
Ajax,'  1596  (Chiswick  reprint,  p.  41)  :— 

"  \Vho  Hveth,  of  any  reading  (were  he  content  to 
surfeit  in  his  folly),  that  with  Aretine  could  not 
talk  of  Nanna,  with  another  [Elder-ton  ?]  of  a  red 
nose,  with  Perieres  of  a  pye  and  Piaux?  I  have 
seen  an  oration  made  in  praise  of  a  college  custard, 

and commending  a  goose." 

"  Perieres  "  is,  I  suppose,  Pereira,  a  Spanish 
physician,  who  wrote  (in  the  middle  of  the 
sixteenth  century)  a  great  deal  about  the 
souls  of  beasts  and  their  transmigration,  in 
which  he  did  not  believe.  Of  course  "  Piaux" 
may  have  some  other  meaning  altogether, 
may  even  be  a  proper  name,  then  I  am  wholly 
But  it  seems  to  me  to  stand  for 


P.  63,  n.  5;  32,  n.  b,  "Eobanus  Hessus. ' 
'  De  Victoria  Wirtembergensi,'  451-3,  p.  71O 
in  1564  (Frankfort)  ed.  of  his  'Op.  Farra- 
gines  Duse.' 

P.  64,  1.  12 ;  33,  12,  "  as  wise  Seneca  cen- 
sures him  "  ['  Benef.,'  II.  xvi.  i. :  the  ref.  to- 
ll, i.  (n.  2 ;  n.  d)  is  wrong].  N.  2  ;  n.  d,  "  Idem 
Lactantius"  ['Inst.,'  I.  xviii.  12]. — Ibid.,  Am- 
mianus,  lib.  23  [XXIII.  vi.  44]. 

P.  65, 1.  4  ;  33,  33, "  So  Af  ricanus  is  extolled 
by  Ennius."  See  Lact.,  I.  xviii.  11  ;  Sen.. 
Ep.  108,  34. 

P.  65,  n.  2 ;  33,  n.  k,  "  Herculi  eadem  porta* 
adccelum  patuit,  qui  magnam  generis  humani 
partem  perdidit."  Lact.,  I.  xviii.  13,  where 

nam  et  Herculi  eadem  ista  porta  patuit " 
is  quoted  from  Cicero  (Librorum  de  E.  P. 
incertor.  Frag.  6,  in  C.  F.  W.  Miiller) ;  and 


wrong 
peacock. 


H.  CHICHESTER  HART. 


BURTON'S  '  ANATOMY  OF  MELANCHOLY.' 
(See  9th  S.  xi.  181,  222,  263,  322,  441  ;  xii.  2,  62, 
162,  301,  362,  442 ;  10th  S.  i.  42.) 

Vol.  i.  (Shilleto),  p.  39, 1.  21 ;  18, 1.  13  (ed.  6), 
"  secundum  magis  &  minus."  Cf.  Bac.,  'Nov. 
Org.,'  ii.  13,  init, 

P.  43,  n.  4 ;  20,  u.  q,  "Regula  naturse."  See 
Lips.,  'Man.  ad  Stoic.  Phil.,'  i.  4,  where 
"Aristoteles  est  Piegula  et  exemplar,  quod 
Xatura  invenit  ad  demonstrandam  Ultimam 
Perfectionem  humanam "  is  quoted  from 
Averroes,  in  iii.  'De  Anima  '— Ibid.,  "dsemo- 
nium  hominis."  See  Lips., '  Ep.  Qusest.,'  iii.  20. 
P.  43,  1.  19  ;  20,  33,  "  merito  cui  doctior 
orbis,"  &c. :  in  my  last  paper  I  should  have 
added  that  Lipsius's  anonymous  quotation  is 
from  Florens  Christianus,  11.  35,  36,  of  verses 
on  Scaliger's  edition  of  Catullus,  Tibullus, 
and  Propertius  ('  Del.  Poet.  Gall.,'  i.  802,  and 
at  beginning  of  Scaliger's  'Cat.,  Tib.,  and 
Prop.,'  1600).  That  Burton  took  it  from 
Lipsius  is  shown  by  merito,  which  is  Lipsius's 
addition. 

P.  59,  n.  1 ;  30,  n.  a,  "  Diet.  Cretens."    No  ; 
Dares  Phrygius,  44. 

P.  60,  n.  8  ;  31,  n.  g, "  Lucan."    Lucan,  x.  407, 
has  mil  la,  not  rr<rn,  and  2^'etas,  nofc ptotetat. 


P.  65,  1.  9;  33,  37,  "as  Lactantius  truly 
proves."  I.  ix.  as  regards  Hercules,  and  I.  x.  4 
as  regards  Mars. 

P.  65,  1.  22;  34,  3,  "as  Cyprian  notes.'' 
'  Ad  Donat.,'  vi. 

P.  67,  n.  2 ;  34,  n.  1,  "  ut  reus  innocens 
pereat,  fit  nocens.  Judex  damnat  foras,  quod 
intus  operatur."  The  punctuation  is  wrong. 
"Ut  reus  innocens  pereat,  fit  nocens  iudex," 
is  from  ch.  x.,  and  "damnant  foris  quod 
intus  operantur  "  from  ch.  ix.  of  the  epistle. 

P.  67, 1.  6  ;  34,  46,  "eundem  furtum  facere 
&  punire."  The  passage  in  Sidonius  is  Ep.  II. 
i.  2,  "  non  cessat  simul  furta  vel  punire  vel 
facere." 

P.  70,  1.  2 ;  36,  25,  "  virtue  (that 's  bonum 
theatrale)"  Bacon,  '  Col.  of  Good  and  Evil,'  3, 
"  and  therefore  they  call  vertue  Bonum 
theatrale." 

P.  71,  n.  3  ;  37,  n.  e,  "Arridere  homines  ut 
sseviant,  blandiri  ut  fallant.  Gyp.  ad  Dona- 
turn."  C.  xiii.,  "arridet  ut  sseviat,  blanditur 
ut  fallat." 

P.  72,  n.  9  ;  38,  n.  *,  "acres indulgent." 

See  the  passage  from  Aurelius  Victor,  Epit.  i. 
(c.  24),  referred  to  just  below. 

P.  74,  1.  1 ;  38,  40,  "If  every  man  had  a 
window  in  his  breast,  which  Momus  would 
have  had  in  Vulcan's  man."  Lucian,  'Hermo- 
timus,'  20. 

P.  74,  1.3;  38,  41,  "Tully."    'In  Cat.,'  i.  32. 
P.  74,  n.  3  ;  39,  n.  y.    The  chapter  of  the 


The  §  of  lib.  i.  of 
58   (Kopp);    p.  18, 


epistle  is  ix. 

P.  74,  n.  6;  39,  n.  z. 
Martianus    Capella   is 
Grotius. 

P.  76,  n.  4;  40,  n.  k,  "Prosper."  Epigr. 
100  (97),  1.  2;  vol.  Ii.  col.  529,  in  Migne's 
'  Patrolog.  Lat.' 

P.  76,  1.  14;  40,  12,  "Hippocrates,  in  his 
Epistle  to  Dionysius."  Epist.  xiii.  3. 


164 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  FEB.  27,  im. 


P.  76,  1.  30 ;  40,  26,  "which  one  calls  maxi- 
mum  ^dtitice  specimen."  ^rt*jjjg>ridj/ 
i  3.  The  reference  i.  2,  which  ShiUeto  adds 
to  Florid.  (77,  n.  2 ;  40,  n.  *),  should  be  i.  3 
<p.  13,  Oud.;  p.  4,  G.  Kriiger). 

P  78  1  22 ;  41,  24,  "bray  him  in  a  mortar, 
he  will  be  the  same."  See  Proverbs  xxvn.  22. 

P  80  n  4'  42,  n.*,  "Plutarchus  Solone":  4. 

P!  80!  1.'  25 ;  44,  33,  "  by  Plato's  good  leave. 
<Phil.,'36,  59E-60A. 

P  80  1.  34 ;  42,  41,  '  nemo  malm  qui  non 
stultus,' 'tis  Fabius'  aphorism  to  the  same 
•end."  QuintiL,  'Inst.,'  xii.  1,  4. 

P  82,  1.  5  ;  43,  23,  "out  of  an  old  Poem. 
The   'Hypsipyle'  of   Euripides;  Frag.   757 
Bind. 

P  82,  n.  3  :  43,  n.  p,  "  inmna  in  sapientem 
non  cadit."  Sen.,  '  Dial.'  ii.  7,  2,  "  iniuna  in 
sapientem  virum  non  cadit." 

P.  83,  n.  3;  44,  n.  b,  "Ep.  Damageto  ' 
THippocr.  Ep.  xiv.  3] ;  n.  4  ;  n.  c  [Ep.  xiv.  4J. 

P.  83,  n.  5;  44,  n.  d,  "per  multum  risum 
poteris  cognoscere  stultum."  Risum  and 
multum  should  be  transposed.  This  leonine 
hexameter,  with  debes  for  poteris,  is  quoted 
in  Binder's  'Nov.  Thes.  Adag.  Latin,  from 
•Gartner's  '  Proverbialia  Dicteria'  (1574). 

P.  84,  1.  19;  44,  48,  "to  keep  Homer's 
works."  Pliny, '  N.H.,'  vii.  29,  108  ;  Plutarch, 
•  Alexand.,'  44. 

P.  84,  1.  20;  45,  1,  "Scaliger  upbraids 
Homer's  Muse,  nutricem  insance  sapientia." 
J.  C.  Scaliger's  remark  ;  see  his  son's  '  Conf  ut. 
Fab.  Burd.,'  p.  201,  'Opusc.,'  Pt.  II.  (1612). 
Burton's  marginal  note  is  "  Hypocrit.  Was 
he  thinking  of  bk.  vl,  '  Hypercriticus,'  of 
Scaliger's  'Poetice,'  cap.  vii.,  where,  in  criti- 
cizing Hor.,  'Epist.,'  i.  2,  Scaliger  says,  "quis 
enim  dicat  Homeri  nugas  esse  potiores  prse- 
ceptis  philosophorum"? 

P.  84,  n.  6 ;  45,  n.  6,  "  ut  mulier  aulica 
nullius  pudens."  For  this  remark  of  J.  C. 
Scaliger  see  '  Conf  ut.,'  loc.  cit. 

P.  84,  1.  24;  45,  4,  "Scaliger  rejects  him 

[Lucian] and  calls  him   the  Cerberus  of 

the  Muses."  J.  C.  Scaliger  again  ;  see  '  Con- 
fut.,'  ad  fin.  (p.  202).  "Galenum  fimbriam 
Hippocrates"  (see  Burton,  85,  1.  4;  45,  15) 
occurs  immediately  after  this  in  the  '  Confut.' 

P.  84,  1.  30;   45,  9,  "Cardan,  in  his  16th 
Book  of '  Subtleties,'  reckons  up  twelve  super- 
eminent,  acute  Philosophers."    See  pp.  802-4 
of  the  1582  (Basel)  edition  of  •  De  Subtil.' 
EDWARD  BENSLY. 

The  University,  Adelaide,  South  Australia. 
(To  be  continued.) 

THE  ENGLISH  IN  FRANCE.— I  may  note  a 
«urious  trace  of  the  English  rule  in  France, 
which  I  have  just  come  across  in  the  Vienna 


Neue  Freie  Presse  of  10  January.  M.  Combes, 
the  present  Prime  Minister  of  France,  in  the 
course  of  an  interview,  mentions  that  he  first 
met  his  wife  on  the  "  Boulingrin  "  (the  prin- 
cipal promenade)  of  Pons,  a  small  town  in  the 
Charente.  The  "  Boulingrin  "  at  Rouen,  near 
Joan  of  Arc's  prison,  is  well  known.  It  would 
be  interesting  to  note  similar  relics  of  the 
English  rule  to  be  found  elsewhere  in  France. 
I  can  only  recollect  the  bosses  in  the  roof  of 
the  cathedral  at  Bayonne  with  the  arms  of 
Henry  VI.  H.  2. 

SIR  THOMAS  WYATT'S  RIDDLE.— In  Robert 
Bell's  edition  of  this  poet's  works  there  is  a 
piece  infelicitously  entitled  'Description  of 
a  Gun,'  which  runs  as  follows  : — 

Vulcan  begat  me  ;  Minerva  me  taught ; 

Nature  my  mother;  craft  nourished  me  year  by 

year ; 

Three  bodies  are  my  food ;  my  strength  is  in  nought ; 
Anger,  wrath,  waste,  and  noise  are  my  children 

dear. 

Guess,  friend,  what  I  am,  and  how  I  am  wrought, 
Monster  of  sea,  or  of  land,  or  of  elsewhere  : 

Know  me,  and  use  me,  and  I  may  thee  defend  ; 

And,  if  I  be  thine  enemy,  I  may  thy  life  end. 

We  are  informed  in  a  note  that  "  In  the 
Harrington  MS.  these  lines  are  entitled,  '  A 
Riddle  ex  Pandulpho ' "  ;  but  who  Pandulphus 
was  we  are  not  told,  nor  have  I  been  able  to 
discover,  but  the  original  of  Wyatt's  first 
four  lines  is  quoted  in  Camden's  '  Remaines ' 
in  his  chapter  on  '  Artillarie,'  where  he 
writes : — 

"The  best  approved  Authors  agree  that  they 
[guns!  were  invented  in  Germanic  by  Berthold 
Swarte,  a  Monke  skillful  in  Gebers  Cookery  or 
Alchimy,  who,  tempering  Brimstone  and  Saltpeter 
in  a  morter,  perceived  the  force  by  casting  up  the 
stone  which  covered  it,  when  a  sparke  fell  into  it. 
But  one  saith  he  consulted  with  the  divell  for  an 
offensive  weapon,  who  gave  him  answer  in  this 
obscure  Oracle : — 
Vulcanus  gignat,  pariat  Natura,  Minerva 

Edoceat,  nutrix  ars  erit  atque  dies. 
Vis  mea  de  nihilo,  tria  dent  mihi  corpora  pastum  : 

Sunt  soboles  strages,  vis,  furor,  atque  fragor. 
By  this  instruction  he  made  a  trunck  of  yron 
with  learned  advice,  crammed  it  with  sulphure, 
bullet,  and,  putting  thereto  fire,  found  the  effects 
to  bee  destruction,  violence,  fury,  and  roaring 
cracke." 

The  old  writer,  who  penned  these  words  three 
centuries  ago  this  very  year,  furnishes  the 
vaguest  authority  for  his  remarkable  state- 
mentabout  Schwarz's  dealings  with  his  Satanic 
majesty,  whose  tetrastich  is  certainly  superior 
to  Wyatt'e  octave  in  point  of  finish.  Polydore 
Virgil,  in  his  book  'De  Rerum  Inventoribus,' 
lib.  ii.  cap.  xi.,  relates  pretty  much  the 
same  story,  but  he  gives  no  name,  and  merely 
declares  the  discoverer  to  have  been  "a  Ger- 


10*  S.  I.  FEB.  27,  1904.]  NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


165 


man  of  very  low  birth "  (Germamim  ad- 
modum  ignobilem),  nor  does  he  in  this  place 
suggest  any  diabolic  prompting.  In  lib.  iii. 
xviii.  it  is  true  he  says  that  he  scarcely  can 
believe  it  to  be  a  human  invention,  but  that 
some  demon  must  have  revealed  it  to  man- 
kind, so  that  they  might  fight  each  other 
not  only  with  arms,  but  with  thunderbolts. 
Still,  though  some  of  Camden's  language  is 
traceable  to  this  volume,  I  am  inclined  to 
think  he  borrowed  much  of  his  chapter  from 
a  later  writer.  "  One  writeth,"  he  says, 
"  I  know  not  upon  whose  credit,  that  Roger  Bacou, 
commonly  called  Frier  Bacon,  knew  to  make  an 
engine,  which  with  Saltpeter  and  Brimstone  should 
prove  notable  for  batterie,  but  he  tendring  the 
safety  of  mankind  would  not  discover  it." 

In  the  margin  the  name  of  "  Sir  I.  Harrington" 
is  given  as  authority,  and  I  take  it  that  the 
other  quotation,  in  which  the  oracle  is  found, 
is  also  from  his  pen.  Can  any  one  furnish  us 
with  an  account  of  "  the  Harrington  MS."  ? 
JOHN  T.  CUBRY. 

CRUCIFIX  AT  THE  NORTH  DOOR  OF  OLD 
ST.  PAUL'S.— In  Old  St.  Paul's  one  of  the 
objects  most  reverenced  was  the  crucifix 
near  to  the  Great  North  Door.  Canon 
Sparrow  Simpson  gave  some  notes  about  it 
in  'Documents  illustrating  the  History  of 
St.  Paul's  Cathedral,'  Camden  Soc.,  N.S., 
xxvi.  p.  Ixvii.  The  following  proofs  of  its 
widespread  fame  would  have  delighted  him. 

In  1372  Robert  de  Austhorpe,  clerk,  rector 
of  St.  John's,  "  Staneford,"  in  the  diocese  of 
Lincoln,  desired  "  to  be  buried  in  St.  Paul's 
Church,  London,  before  the  cross  and  image 
of  the  crucifix  at  the  North  Door  "  (Gibbons, 
'Early  Lincoln  Wills,'  1888,  p.  26). 

In  1472  William  Ecopp,  rector  of  Heslerton, 
East  Yorkshire,  desired  that  immediately 
after  his  burial  a  pilgrim  should  go  for  him 
"  Crucifixo  apud  hostium  boriale  Sancti  Pauli 
London."  ('  Test.  Ebor.,'  iii.  200). 

In  1498  Lady  Scrope  left  "  to  the  roode  of 
Northdor  my  herte  of  goolde  w*  a  dyamaunt 
in  the  midds"  ('Test.  Ebor.,'  iv.  153).  It 
seems  to  have  been  so  well  known  that  it 
was  unnecessary  to  add  the  place. 

W.  C.  B. 

CHICAGO  IN  1853.  — Truly,  history  often 
repeats  itself,  if  occasionally  it  does  not 
present  "  a  continuous  performance."  Those 
familiar  with  the  Chicago  of  to-day  will  be 
amused  by  the  following  quotation  from  a 
little  book  entitled  'Sketches  of  the  Country,' 
&c.,  by  John  Reynolds,  144,  Belleville,  Illinois, 
1854  :— 

"Great  excitement  and  enthusiasm  prevail  in 
this  city  to  acquire  fortunes  and  fame,  induce  the 
citizens  to  exert  all  their  physical  and  mental 


energies  and  abilities  in  such  a  manner  that  every 
latent  spark  of  mind  and  activity  is  brought  into 
active  operation.  Under  these  considerations,  every 
citizen  has  an  institution  of  learning  before  him, 
and  if  he  do  not  become  a  scholar  in  it,  he  must 
take  a  back  seat,  at  least  in  the  forum  of  wealth 
and  business. 

"  By  these  exciting  circumstances,  the  citizens  ot 
Chicago  have  acquired  talents  and  energy  in  business 
that  cannot  be  surpassed.  They  scarcely  take  time 
to  eat  or  sleep,  and  their  gait  in  the  street  is  gene- 
rally much  faster  than  a  common  walk.  Almost 
every  citizen  of  Chicago  has  the  acquisition  of  a 
fortune  strongly  governing  his  mind,  and ^he  has 
either  obtained  it,  or  is  in  hot  pursuit  of  it. 

One  is  almost  persuaded  to  believe  thafe 
nothing  is  impossible,  for,  given  a  sufficient 
expenditure  of  energy  well  guided,  results 
can  be  accomplished ;  nevertheless,  haste 
sometimes  is  transformed  into  hurry. 

EUGENE  F.  McPiKE- 

Chicago,  U.S. 

A  RELIC  OF  CHATEAUBRIAND.  —  Le  Petit 
Temps  of  2  February  contained  some  interest- 
ing particulars  of  a  curious  donation  made 
the  other  day  to  the  Musee  Carnavalet,  Pans, 
by  an  octogenarian  hairdresser,  M.  Paques, 
who  was  in  some  sort  a  celebrity  for  having 
had  amongst  his  clientele  several  prominent 
personages  of  the  Restoration.  The  gift  in 
question  is  a  kind  of  picture  representing 
the  room  at  Saint-Malo  in  which  was  born 
the  author  of  'Atala'  and  'The  Martyrs. 
The  aged  artist  in  hair  wished  to  have  the 
satisfaction  before  his  death  of  giving  to 
the  Parisians  what  would,  under  the  old 
regime,  have  been  called  his  masterpiece. 
Not  less  interesting  than  the  picture  itselt 
are  the  authenticating  documents  which 
accompany  it.  Amongst  them  is  a  letter 
from  the  famous  caricaturist  Cham  (Vicomte 
de  Noe),  running  thus  :— 

"Will  you  call  and  cut  my  hair  on  Monday 
evening,  at  eight  o'clock  ?  I  have  examined  your 
pictures  [sic']  made  with  the  hair  of  M.  de  Chateau- 
briand. It  is  very  curious  and  especially  ingenious 
for  a  curiosity  lover  it  has  its  value.  Receive  my 
salutations.  CHAM.'' 

There  are  also  a  certificate  of  Louiset,  valet 
de  chambre  of  the  celebrated  writer,  and  a 
letter  from  the  popular  poet  Beranger, 
delicately  worded,  but  very  explicit,  bearing 
date  15  October,  1848  :— 

"My  DEAR  MOXSIEUR  PAQUES,— It  is  not  quite 
fitting  that  I  give  you  the  attestation  you  ask  of  me. 
That  which  I  can  do  is  to  attest  that  you  had  such 
a  sincere  admiration  for  the  great  man  we  have 
lost  that  it  would  be  contrary  to  your  pro*"^  "* 
present  as  coming  from  him  objects  that  had  not 
belonged  to  his  establishment.  Besides,  the  certi- 
ficate which  good  and  honest  Louiset,  so  devoted  to 
his  master,  has  given  to  you,  is  the  best  guarantee 
you  can  offer.  I  am  still  very  grateful  to  you  for 


166 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  FEB.  27,  MM. 


the  hair  of  the  illustrious  departed  which  you  gave 
me.  Receive  anew  my  thanks.  Entirely  at  your 
service,  BERANGER." 

Lastly,  M.  Paques  has  added  an  unpublished 
letter  which  he  had  in  his  possession,  and 
which,  although  it  does  not  bear  the  name  of 
the  person  to  whom  it  was  written,  appears 
to  have  been  addressed  by  Chateaubriand  to 
some  official  personage  in  a  position  to  grant 
his  request.  It  is  dated  3  September,  1828, 
.and  shows  how  anxious  was  the  writer  to 
rest  after  death  at  Saint-Malo  : — 

"You  cannot  doubt,  Monsieur,  of  the  very  lively 
interest  I  take  in  my  native  town  :  I  have  only  one 
fear,  that  is  of  not  seeing  it  again  before  I  die.  I 
have  long  thought  of  asking  the  town  to  grant  me, 
at  the  western  point  of  Grand -Bey,  the  point 
jutting  out  farthest  into  the  open  sea,  a  little  corner 
of  earth,  just  sufficient  to  hold  my  coffin.  I  shall 
have  it  consecrated  and  surrounded  by  an  iron 
railing.  There,  when  it  may  please  God,  I  shall 
repose  under  the  protection  of  my  fellow-citizens. 
Accept  once  more,  I  beg  you,  the  assurance  of 
the  very  distinguished  consideration  with  which  I 
have  the  honour  to  be  your  very  humble  and  very 
•obedient  servant,  CHATEAUBRIAND." 

J.  L.  HEELIS. 

TENNYSON  ON  BRITAIN.  —  Tennyson's  fine 
stanzas  'To  the  Marquis  of  Dufferin  and 
Ava '  open  thus  : — 

At  times  our  Britain  cannot  rest, 

At  times  her  steps  are  quick  and  rash  ; 

She  moving,  at  her  girdle  clash 
The  golden  keys  of  East  and  West. 
1  observe  that  Mr.  B.  B.  Rogers,  in  his  recent 
edition  of  the  '  Thesmophoriazusse,'  says 
'(note  on  1.  976)  that  the  third  and  fourth 
lines,  though  first  printed  by  Tennyson  in 
1889,  had  long  been  familiar  to  him,  inasmuch 
as  they  first  appeared— without  fche  author's 
name  — so  far  back  as  1844,  in  the  intro- 
ductory chapter  of  H.  Lushington's  '  A  Great 
Country's  Little  Wars.1  I  do  not  recollect 
having  seen  this  fact  previously  noted. 

E.  H.  BLAKENEY. 
Marlow,  Bucks. 

FEBRUARY  30.— In  the  '  Parish  Registers  of 
Kirkburton,  co.  York,'  edited  by  Frances 
Anne  Collins,  1887,  i.  11,  there  is  an  entry  of 
a  burial  on  "xxx°  die  raensis  February, 
1545/6,  to  which  the  editor  adds  a  note, 
taken  from  the  Leeds  Mercury  Supplement, 
26  June,  1880,  that  "Monday,  30  February  is 
duly  recognized  in  the  'Nautical  Almanac' 
for  1880."  w  C.  B. 

'NICHOLAS  NICKLEBY':  CAPT.  CUTTLE.— 
A  correspondent  points  out  (ante,  p.  44)  in 
Martin  Chuzzlewit '  a  slip  of  the  author's 
in  describing  clerical  costume.  A  still  more 
.singular  slip  occurs  in  « Nicholas  Nickleby,' 
which  1  have  never  seen  noticed  anywhere. 


Nicholas  journeys  down  to  Yorkshire  in  the 
dead  of  winter  Snow  is  deep  on  the  ground. 
Yet  on  the  day  after  his  arrival  one  of  the 
pupils  is  absent  from  "the  first  class  in 
English  spelling  and  philosophy  "  and  it  is 
explained  that  he  is  weeding  the  garden. 
This  in  deep  snow  ! 

I  wonder  if  any  of  your  readers  know 
where  Dickens  got  the  name  Capt.  Cuttle 
from.  This  matter  should  be  of  interest  to 
every  reader  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  It  is  taken  from 
Pepys's  '  Diary  '  (see  under  8  Feb.,  1660/1,  and 
also  10  and  14  Sept.,  1665).  Pepys's  phrase 
"poor  Capt.  Cuttle"  probably  suggested  to 
Dickens  some  odd  or  grotesque  character. 
In  a  speech  at  the  Theatre  Royal,  Drury 
Lane,  on  27  June,  1855,  he  speaks  of  Pepys's 
'Diary'  being  "rather  a  favourite  of  his." 
Perhaps  he  had  read  it  carefully  to  provide 
picturesque  details  for  his  '  Child's  History 
of  England '  (1853).  J.  WILLCOCK. 

Lerwick,  N.B. 

SKELLAT  BELL  :  MORT  BELL.  (See  9th  S.  vi. 
306.)— In  the  Reliquary  for  October,  1903,  it 
is  mentioned  that  Dougal  Graham,  the  fore- 
most among  the  chapmen  of  the  end  of  the 
eighteenth  century,  was  given  the  appoint- 
ment of  skellat  -  bell  -  ringer  to  the  city  of 
Glasgow ;  and  the  explanation  is  borrowed 
from  Prof.  Fraser's  '  Humorous  Chapbooks 
of  Scotland '  that  the  "  skellat  bell :>  was  used 
for  ordinary  announcements  by  the  town 
crier,  and  the  "  mort  bell "  for  intimation  of 
deaths.  The  latter,  by  the  way,  is  repre- 
sented in  the  South  Taw  ton  parish  accounts 
by  the  "  leche  bell." 

ETHEL  LEGA-WEEKES. 

OUR  OLDEST  PUBLIC  SCHOOL.  —  In  the 
Surrey  Comet  of  13  February  is  reported  a 
speech  by  Mr.  A.  F.  Leach,  Assistant  Secre- 
tary of  the  Board  of  Education,  delivered 
in  support  of  the  appeal  which  is  being  made 
for  funds  for  Queen  Elizabeth's  School  at 
Kingston  -  on  -  Thames.  Therein  he  read  a 
document  which  he  had  found  in  the  book 
of  the  Prior  of  Canterbury,  and  which 
was  written  at  Esher  by  Bishop  Edyngdon 
of  Winchester  (who  preceded  William  of 
Wykeham)  to  the  Prior  of  Canterbury,  on 
7  April,  1364.  Bishop  Edyngdon's  letter- 
mentions  that  at  that  early  date  "a  school 
had  been  accustomed  to  be  kept "  at  Kings- 
ton, and  he  refers  to  it  as  "  a  public  school,7' 
the  first  use  of  that  term  of  which  Mr.  Leach 
was  aware.  The  usual  title  was  grammar 
school,  or  school  of  a  cathedral  or  town. 
Winchester  College,  generally  regarded  as 
the  oldest  of  our  public  schools,  was  not 
founded  until  twenty  years  after  the  date 


10*  s.  i.  FEB.  27,  i9w.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


167 


of  this  letter.  Advertisements  of  the  King's 
School,  Canterbury,  assert  that  it  is  "the 
oldest  Public  School  in  England,  dating  from 
the  7th  Century  ;  refounded  by  Henry  VIII. 
in  1541."  G.  T. 

Edenholm,  Thames  Ditton. 

'  THE  TRUE  METHODIST  ;  OR,  CHRISTIAN  IN 
EABNEST.'  (See  8th  S.  iii.  148.)— It  is  now 
about  eleven  years  since  my  query  was 
inserted  at  the  above  reference  without 
eliciting  any  reply.  Being,  however,  at 
length  enabled  to  myself  supply  the  required 
information  as  to  the  authorship,  I  think  it 
well  to  communicate  the  same  to  '  N.  &  Q.' 
The  True  Methodist '  appears  to  be  one  of  the 
"lost"  works  of  the  Rev.  William  Warburton 
(afterwards  Bishop  of  Gloucester,  and  friend 
of  the  poet  Pope).  It  was  written  from  the 
Established  Church  point  of  view  as  to  the 
character  and  belief  of  a  tnie  Methodist,  in 
opposition  to  the  Methodism  of  the  Wesley 
and  Whitefield  type;  and  the  MS.  in  question 
was  apparently  revised  for  the  press,  6  July, 
1755,  "after,"  as  the  author  states  therein, 
"reading  of  [the  Rev.]  Mr.  Hervey's  'Dia- 
logues on  Theron  and  Aspasio,'  wch  savours 
strongly  of  Methodism,"  but  was  never 
printed.  The  MS.  memorandum  which  is 
inserted  in  the  volume,  and  was,  I  believe, 
made  (possibly  c.  1829)  by  the  late  Rev.  W. 
Valentine,  M  A.,  incumbent  of  St.  Stephen's, 
Stepney,  Chaplain  and  House-Governor  of 
the  London  Hospital,  but  possibly  copied 
from  Hurd,  is  as  follows  :— 

"  Other  Tracts  in  MS. 

8.  Notes  on  the  Prophet  Isaiah,  &c. 

9.  Notes  on  the  New  Testam'— Epistle  to  the 
Romans  not  finished. 

10.  On  the  Creed,  or  Credenda  of  Religion. 

11.  Proofs  of  Xu  Divinity  from  the  four  Evan- 
gelists. 

12.  The  True  Methodist. 

13.  Letters  on  various  Questions  in  Divinity. 

14.  Reflections  and  Collections  on  the  Subject  of 
taking  Oaths  to  Government. 

"Of  'The  True  Methodist'  we  may  form  some 
opinion,  both  of  the  style  and  matter,  by  some 
letters  addressed  to  Mr.  Broughton  [probably  the 
R«r.  Mr.  Broughton,  of  Great  St.  Helen's,  Bishops- 
gate,  London,  Afternoon  Lecturer,  who  befriended 
the  Rev.  Geo.  Whitefield  in  January,  1739],  a 
transcript  of  which  I  have  already  committed  to 
the  inspection  of  the  public.  The  composition 
alluded  to  in  the  schedule  of  tracts  in  MS.  No.  12 
[i.e.,  'The  True  Methodist 'J  is  not,  I  believe,  in 
existence.  Not  any  other  of  these  papers  have 
fallen  into  my  hands,  neither  has  it  been  communi- 
cated to  me  with  any  degree  of  certainty  in  whose 
possession  they  now  are.  In  all  probability  the 
greater  part  of  them  are  either  inadvertently  lost 
or  carelessly  destroyed." 

A  MS.  letter  in  a  similar  hand,  of  about 
-29J,  small  quarto  pages,  dated  6  December, 


1737,  from  "  W.  W."  (W.  Warburton)  to  "  Mr 
Whitfield  "  (the  celebrated  Geo.  Whitefield), 
dissenting  from  the  latter's  sermons  and 
notions  concerning  Regeneration  and  the 
New  Birth,  is  also  in  my  possession. 

Whether  Mr.  Valentine  (as  above)  possessed 
these  two  MSS.  I  am  not  certain  ;  but  I 
believe  they  came  to  me,  with  others 
certainly  his,  from  a  London  book-auction  in 
or  about  1878.  His  library  was,  however 
sold  by  auction  by  Evans  in  April,  1842, 
Possibly  that  of  1878  was  of  his  son's  books 
and  MSS.  W.  I.  R.  V. 


Qutntt, 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

"THE  CROWN  AND  THREE  SUGAR  LOAVES." 
— From  America  I  have  been  asked  for  some 
information  which  I  have  failed  to  obtain 
hitherto,  and  seek  the  aid  of  your  valuable 
paper. 

My  correspondent  inquires  as  to  the 
position  of  a  tea  house  with  the  sign  of  "  The 
Crown  and  Three  Sugar  Loaves,"  and  speaks 
of  it  as  "the  oldest  tea  house  in  Great 
Britain,  and  the  one  that  exported  the  tea 
that  made  so  much  commotion  in  Boston 
Harbour"— presumably  in  1773.  My  interro- 
gator speaks  of  "across  the  Thames  from 
Xewcomen  Street "  as  the  nearest  indication 
of  locality  known. 

1.  Are  the  above  statements  accurate  as 
far  as  they  go  ? 

2.  If  so,  what  is,  or  was,  the  site  occupied 
by  the  tea  house  in  question  1 

3.  Is    the  old    sign  of  "The  Crown  and 
Three  Sugar  Loaves"  still  to  be  seen,  and 
where  1 

4.  If  the  house  has  been  destroyed,  when 
did  such  destruction  take  place?  Hio. 

"  HE  WHO  KNOWS  NOT,"  «fec.— In  a  letter 
to  the  Times  of    5    January  appeared  the 
following   lines.     Can  any   reader    give  me 
the  author's  name? — 
He  who  knows  not,  and  knows  not  that  he  knows 

not,  is  a  fool ;  shun  him. 
He  who  knows  not,  and  knows  that  he  knows  not, 

is  asleep  ;  wake  him,  teach  him. 
He  who  knows,  and  knows  that  he  knows,  is  a  wise 

man ;  seek  him. 

C.  E.  LEEDS. 

ELEANOR  MAPLETOFT.  —  Can  any  reader 
give  information  as  to  the  ancestors  of 
Eleanor  Mapletoft,  married  about  1780  to 


168 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  FKB.  27,  im. 


William  Laxon,  who  was  agent  to  Lord 
Brownlow,  and  lived  in  or  near  Grantham  ? 
Was  this  Eleanor  Mapletoft  descended  from 
either  Joshua  or  Solomon  Mapletoft,  nephews 
of  Nicholas  Ferrar,  of  Little  Gidding  ? 

E.  E.  PERKINS. 
Hitchin. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS.— Who  are  the 
authors  of  the  following  lines  ? — 

1.  A  face  to  lose  youth  for,  to  occupy  age 
With  the  dream  of,  meet  death  with. 

2.  True  earnest  sorrows,  rooted  miseries, 
Anguish  in  grain,  vexations  ripe  and  blown. 

3.  A  glut  of  pleasure. 

4.  Tot  congestos  noctesque  diesque  labores  tran- 

serit  una  dies. 

5.  Mine  eyes  are  made  the  fools  o'  the  other  senses, 
Or  else  worth  all  the  rest. 

6.  Dumb  jewels  often  in  their  silent  kind, 

More  quick  than  words,  do  move  a  woman's 
mind. 

7.  In  some  old  night  of  time. 

8.  The  incommunicable  ardour  of  things. 

9.  Nothing  is  here  for  tears,  nothing  to  wail,  &c. 

10.  Live  and  take  comfort.    Thou  hast  left  behind 
Powers  that  will  work  for  thee :  air,  earth,  and 

skies. 

11.  There  all  in  spaces  rosy-bright 
Large  Hesper  glitter'd  on  her  tears. 

12.  Yet,  Freedom!  Yet  thy  banner,  torn,  but  flying, 
Streams  like  the  thunderstorm  against  the  wind. 

13.  Achilles  ponders  in  his  tent ; 

The  kings  of  modern  thought  are  dumb. 
Silent  they  are,  though  not  content, 
And  wait  to  see  the  future  come. 
They  have  the  grief  men  had  of  yore, 
But  they  contend  and  cry  no  more. 

14.  To  set  as  sets  the  morning  star,  which  goes 
Not  down  behind  the  darkened  west,  nor  hides, 

&c. 

W.  L.  POOLE. 

[5.  '  Macbeth,'  II.  i.  44.  6.  '  Two  Gentlemen  of 
Verona,'  III.  i.  9.  Milton,  'Samson  Agonistes,' 
vTCni.MJ  TTeTnnyson'  '  Mariana  in  the  South,'  90. 
To  ,.ynilde  Haro'd  s  Pilgrimage,'  canto  iv.  stanza  98. 
13.  Matthew  Arnold,  'Stanzas  from  the  Grande 
Chartreuse.  ] 

ARMS  OF  GHENT.— What  was  the  coat  of 
arms  of  this  famous  city  in  the  fifteenth 
century '  A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

'LORD  BATEMAN  AND  HIS  SOPHIA.'— Who 

7Si    "n"  HJ  §'  -lat£  J'   H'  R>"  aufchor  of 
The  Grand   Seno-Comic   Opera  of    'Lord 

Bateman  and  his  Sophia"'?  It  was  origin- 
ally printed  for  Sir  Thos.  Phillipps  (father- 
in-law  of  J.  O.  Halliwell-Phillipps)  by  James 
Rogers  at  the  Middle  Hill  Press,  and  re- 
printed by  G.  Norman  in  1865.  At  the  end 
Batmanmca  quse  supersunt  e  variis 
inguis  fragmenta  non  ante  hoc  in  lucem 
Bdita,  a  delightful  collection  (with  a  Latin 


preface)  of  translations  of  the  'Loving 
Ballad'  into  Greek  and  Latin  elegiacs,  and 
into  French,  and  into  Italian  verse. 

EDWARD  HERON-ALLEN. 

DORSETSHIRE  SNAKE-LORE.— A  snake,  3  ft. 
long,  was  killed  at  noon  by  a  schoolboy  in 
a  Dorsetshire  village  and  brought  to  me  at 
once.  On  my  offering  to  handle  it,  I  was 
warned  by  one  of  the  children  that  it  was 
not  dead,  and  when  I  pointed  out  that  its 
battered  condition  was  incompatible  with 
its  being  alive,  I  was  at  once  told  that  "  this 
was  not  real  death,  as  neither  snakes  nor  slow- 
worms  can  ever  really  die  till  after  sunset." 
I  quote  the  exact  words.  Is  this  a  general 
article  of  popular  belief  ?  RED  CROSS. 

MESS  DRESS  :  SERGEANTS'  SASHES.— Would 
any  authority  on  military  matters  kindly 
say  at  what  period  the  mess  costume  for 
officers,  of  what  is  termed  the  shell  jacket 
open  and  a  waistcoat,  became  the  rule  ? 

What  is  the  earliest  authenticated  date  at 
which  sergeants  of  the  line  wore  a  sash  ? 

R.  S.  0. 

ARMS  OF  LINCOLN,  CITY  AND  SEE.  —  What 
is  the  date  of  the  grant  of  arms  to  the  city 
of  Lincoln  and  to  the  see  of  Lincoln  ?  Any 
information  concerning  the  armorial  bear- 
ings of  Lincoln  will  be  cordially  welcomed. 

J.  W.  G. 

"  GOLF"  :  is  IT  SCANDINAVIAN  ?— It  has  been 
said  that  the  name  of  the  game  of  golf  came 
from  Holland,  and  means  club,  as  designating 
the  instrument  used  for  driving  the  ball  in 
that  ground -game.  But  golf  means  floor 
in  Swedish,  and  gulv  has  the  same  sense  in 
Danish  and  Norwegian  ;  and  these  words 
are  applied,  as  I  am  told,  to  a  piece  of  turfy 
or  grassy  land  prepared  for  playing  games  of 
ball,  and  not  merely  to  a  floor  of  planks  or 
any  other  artificial  arrangement.  If  the 
word  had  passed  into  English  from  Dutch, 
would  it  not  have  been  kolf?  One  thing  is 
certain,  i.e.,  that  the  dropping  of  the  I  in  the 
pronunciation  of  the  word  in  Scotland  is 
incorrect,  as  it  obliterates  the  etymon. 

E.  S.  DODGSON. 
[See  9th  S.  ix.  349,  431.] 

TURNER:  CANALETTO.— I  have  taken  up 
Ruskin's  'Modern  Painters.'  In  vol.  i.  he 
refers  to  so  many  of  Turner's  works,  as  well 
as  to  many  of  Claude's,  Poussin's,  and  Cuyp's, 
that  I  shall  be  grateful  if  any  correspondent 
learned  in  these  matters  will  tell  me  privately 
whether  most  of  Turner's  and  of  the  other 
painters'  works  are  to  be  seen  in  our  public 
galleries  or  not.  Any  information  that  may 
lelp  me  to  view  them  without  waste  of  time 


10*  s.  i.  FEB.  27, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


169 


or  excessive  fatigue  will  be  extremely  grateful. 
There  are  several  Canalettos  in  the  Hertford 
Collection.  I  formed  a  very  poor  opinion  of 
them  when  I  viewed  them  soon  after  the 
exhibition  was  thrown  open  to  the  public. 
I  was  not  then  aware  that  Ruskin  had  pro- 
nounced against  them.  M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR. 
Percy  House,  South  Hackney. 

"  CHEVINIER."— A  lady  whose  father,  uncle, 
and  husband  were  clergymen,  making  her 
will  in  1848,  bequeaths  "a  pair  of  salt-spoons, 
the  japanned  chevinier,  and  a  pair  of  silver 
sugar-tongs  "  to  one  person,  and  "  a  painted 
chevinier  "  to  another.  What  was  the  thing  ? 

W.  C.  B. 
[A  chiffonier  ?] 

GUIDE  TO  MANOR  ROLLS.— I  have  recently 


Egerton-Warburton.  That  on  the  Chetham 
Society  was  probably  intended  to  appear  in 
the  next  number  of  the  Palatine  Notebook, 
seeing  that  Mr.  Bailey's  letter  was  written  to 
inform  me  inter  alia  that  the  last  number  of 
the  Palatine  Notebook  —  viz.,  No.  49,  vol.  v., 
May,  1885  —  was  the  last  which  had  been 
published,  but  that  he  was  "  hoping  to  resume 
it  in  March."  I  believe  that  no  number  ever 
followed  the  one  number  of  vol.  v.  Have 
the  epigrams  alluded  to  appeared  in  print? 

The  Mr.  Warburton  referred  to  was  no 
doubt  the  late  Mr.  R.  E.  Egerton-Warburton, 
author  of  '  Hunting  Songs  and  Ballads,'  &c. 
ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

BRITONS. — Can    you    inform  me 
find    a    short    article    or    work 


ANCIENT 
where    to 


copied  a  series  of  Manor  Rolls  from  Henry  Vf.  I  describing  the  British  tribes,  their  habita- 
to  Elizabeth.     Many  of  the  formulas  relating  I tlons'   religion,  customs,  agriculture, 
to  such  common  matters  as  damage  by  cattle, 
strays,  tfec.,  puzzle  me  sadly.    These  rolls  are 
more  abbreviated  than  any  documents  I  have 


and  weapons  ? 

Wallands,  Lewes,  Sussex. 

[Grant  Allen's  'Anglo-Saxon  Britain 
•2s.  6d.) 


tools, 
R.  BLAKER. 


ever  seen,  and  many  of  the  gaps— sometimes   (Fisher 

indicated  by  <;&c.,"  and  more  often  not— I   information  you' desire.] 

Slde'Stl^^^^^  ''BELLAMYV'-In    the   Houses   of   Legis- 

Will  any  reader  of  <N.  &  Q.'  refer  me  to  any    latu[e  "  ??w.  Z?aland    and    sfome  °f   ^e 
work  oh  the  subject?    I  We  been  hopin£  i  Australian  States  the  parliamentary, refresh- 

for  aid  from  Prof.  Vinogradoff's  '  The  Englisl 
Manor,' in  the  "Social  England"  Q—'-~  v™1 
that  seems  long  in  coming. 


Series,  but 

YGREC. 

[Try  Miss  Thoyts's  '  How  to  Decipher  Old  Docu- 
ments.'] 

REGicirjfES  OP  CHARLES  I. — A  letter  written 
by  Miss  Sidney  Lyon,  of  Jefferson ville, 
Indiana,  20  March,  1902,  mentions  a  tradi- 
tion, as  coming  from  two  sources  unknown 
to  each  other,  of 
"  three  Lyon  brothers  who  were  on  guard  at  the 
scaffold  before  the  Banqueting  House  at  Whitehall 
the  day  Charles  I.  was  executed,  Jan.  31,  1619. 
After  the  regicide,  they  fled  from  England  and 
settled  in  Connecticut.  Richard  and  Thomas,  of 


ment  department  is  called  "Bellamy's," 
after  the  historic  Bellamy  who  in  old  days 
supplied  food  to  members  of  the  House  of 
Commons.  Various  references  to  that 
arrangement  appear  both  in  our  literature 
and  political  memoirs  ;  but  has  any  attempt 
ever  been  made  to  collect  them  and  write  a 
history  of  this  once  famous  establishment  ? 

POLITICIAN. 

"  OVAH  "  BUBBLES.— In  an  obituary  notice 
of  Eugene  Vivier,  a  noted  horn-player — a 
special  favourite  of  Napoleon  III.,  after- 
wards popular  in  London  society  (he  settled 
in  London  in  1848)  as  a  confirmed,  though 
good-natured  practical  joker  —  mention  is 


Fan-field,  and  John,  of  Bryan  Point,  were  doubtless    made  of  his  penchant  for  blowing  "  Ovah  " 
those  three  brothers."  bubbles.     Can  any  reader  give  information 

Are  there  any  records  tending  to  substantiate   as  to  what  this  "  Ovah  "  is  T 
the  above  ?  EUGENE  F.  McPiKE.  G  W  LANGLEY. 

Chicago,  U.S.  T  -.   ,  , 

IMMOETALITY  or  ANIMALS. — I  have  hear" 

EGERTON  -  WARBURTON.— I  have  a  letter  it  affirmed  that  Martin  Luther  said  he 
from  the  late  Mr.  J.  E.  Bailey,  editor  of  the  believed  the  souls  of  the  lower  animals  to 
Palatine  Notebook,  dated  Stretford,  1  Feb-  be  immortal.  Is  there  any  contemporary 
ruary,  1886,  in  which  is  the  following  :—  authority  for  this  statement?  ASTARTE. 

"  Mr.   Egerton  -  Warburton  has  written  at  mv        T  >T  /^ 

suggestion  a  good  epigram  on  the  Chetham  Society  JAMAICA  NEWSPAPER.— Can  any  one  give 
which  will  come  tinder  your  notice  soon.  He  also  me  information  as  to  a  weekly  newspaper 
sent  me  one  which  you  perhaps  know  on  the  name  started  in  the  early  years  of  the  last  century 
'Primrose'  for  the  League,  and  the  bait  which  has  in  Jamaica  or  one  of  the  West  Indian 
eluded  Hodge  s  gnp-the  Cow-slip."  islandg  by  ft  cerfcain  Wmiam  Dale  ? 

It  may  be  that  Mr.  Bailey  meant  that  the  (Rev.)  T.  C.  DALE. 

second  epigram    had  been  written  by  Mr.       115,  London  Road,  Croydon. 


170 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io«>  s.  i.  FEB.  27, 1904. 


NELSON'S  SISTER  ANNE. 
(9th  S.  xii.  428.) 

ANNE  NELSON  was  named  after  her  grand- 
mother (who  was  also  her  godmother)  Anne, 
daughter  of  Sir  Charles  Turner,  Bart,  of 
Lynn,  whose  wife  was  Mary,  the  daughter  of 
Mr.  Robert  Walpole,  of  Houghton,  and  sister 
of  the  famous  Prime  Minister.  She  eloped, 
•when  a  schoolgirl,  with  a  Mr.  William 
Robinson  (born  1737,  died  1811),  who  raised 
and  organized  the  Tower  Hamlets  Volun- 
teers, in  which  corps  he  held  the  commission 
of  Captain-Commandant  until  the  establish- 
ment of  the  Tower  Hamlets  Militia.  No 
marriage  appears  to  have  taken  place,  but 
there  was  one  child,  a  son,  who  was  born  on 
18  January,  1777.  Anne  Nelson,  who  sub- 
sequently returned  to  her  family,  died  some 
six  years  afterwards,  and  was  buried  at 
Bathford,  in  Somersetshire.  Her  tomb  bears 
the  following  inscription  : — 

"Underneath  are  interred  the  remains  of  Miss 
Anne  Nelson,  daughter  of  the  Reverend  Edmund 
Nelson  and  sister  of  Viscount  Nelson,  who  died 
Npvember  15,  1783,  aged  23  years." 

The  son  was  baptized  on  10  November, 
1789,  at  the  church  of  St.  Luke,  Old  Street, 
in  the  City  of  London.  He  received  the 
baptismal  name  of  William,  after  his  father, 
•who  left  to  him  the  whole  of  his  considerable 
estate. 

William  Robinson  the  younger  was  edu- 
cated at  St.  Paul's  School;  he  received  the 
degree  of  LL.D.  from  the  University  of 
Aberdeen  in  1822,  was  appointed  a  Deputy 
Lieutenant  for  the  county  of  Middlesex  in 
1825,  and  was  called  to  the  Bar  at  the  Middle 
Temple  in  1827.  He  was  well  known  in  the 
legal  world  as  the  author  of  'The  Magistrate's 
Pocket-Book,'  a  treatise  on  the  laws  relating 
to  the  poor,  and  a  work  on  quarter  sessions  : 
and  he  has  left  historical  accounts  of  Totten- 
ham, Edmonton,  Hackney,  and  the  adjacent 
districts. 

h  XM^NT  n  S:r  (?th  S"  ix/  73>  there  is  a  note 
K  f  v  JoTV0  theLeffecfc  that  in  his 
library  of  MSS.  he  has  a  thick  volume  in  the 
handwriting  of  this  topographical  writer 
?ntlfctedir  Slfc«  of  the  Glastonbury  Thorn.' 
?£«  n  «^bln80\the  younger  died  in 
48.  One  of  his  daughters  married  the  late 
Dr.  Thomas  Fitz-Patrick,  in  whose  memory 
the  Lectureship  on  the  History  of  Medicine 
has  lately  been  founded  at  the  Royal  College 
Physicians  in  London;  and  this  lady 
possesses  a  portrait,  painted  by  Opie  of  her 
grandmother  Anne  Nelson.  J  W  B 


CURIOUS  CHRISTIAN  NAMES  (10th  S.  i.  26). 
— So  far  as  regards  Oriana,  I  can  say  with 
confidence  that  it  has  been  "established" 
as  a  Christian  name  in  England  for  more 
than  twenty  years.  It  was  borne  by  a  grand- 
daughter of  Sir  Mitford  Crowe,  Governor  of 
Barbadoes.  Her  mother  married  a  Bulfinch, 
and  she  herself  the  artist  Ramsay  Richard 
Reinagle  (1775-1862).  From  their  daughter, 
called  after  her  mother,  it  was  that  Tennyson 
took  the  name  for  his  ballad  '  Oriana,'  being 

E leased  by  its  musical  sound,  as  well  as  struck 
y  the  appearance  of  its  owner.    Oriana  has 
been  a  family  name  for  four  generations  at 
least. 

It  may  be  of  interest  to  mention  that 
Mitford  Crowe  was  appointed  Governor  by 
William  III.,  but  that  Queen  Anne  refused 
at  first  to  ratify  the  appointment.  She  did 
so  after  a  while,  and  he  accommodated  her 
with  a  loan  of  10,000^.,  never  repaid  !  The 
two  large  seals,  like  plates,  hanging  from 
the  bond,  were  found  on  one  occasion  to  be 
in  the  way  for  packing,  and  were  ruthlessly 
cutoff  and  burnt  by  two  young  girls  ignorant 
of  their  importance,  and  subsequently  the 
bond  itself  vanished,  stolen,  it  was  supposed, 
for  the  sake  of  the  autograph.  Such  is  the 
family  tradition. 

Mitford  Crowe  lived  at  Burlington  House 
when  in  town,  his  country  house  being  at 
Islewprth.  Returning  to  the  latter  on  one 
occasion,  he  was  attacked  by  highwaymen, 
who  so  ill-used  him  that  he  died  of  his 
injuries  two  years  later,  1727,  at  Isleworth, 
as  is  supposed,  though  no  entry  of  his  death 
is  to  be  found.  S.  G. 

In  Lancashire  a  fondness  for  Scriptural 
Christian  names,  even  for  those  which  are 
not  of  frequent  use  in  the  Bible,  was  prevalent 
until  lately.  The  parochial  clergy  and  the 
local  newspapers  could  supply  long  lists. 
At  the  church  which  I  served  1877-9,  Keren- 
happuch  came  to  be  married,  Levi  was  a 
sidesman,  and  Aaron  a  Sunday-school  teacher. 
In  Worcestershire,  1894-1902,  I  prepared  for 
confirmation  three  boys  bearing  tne  names 
Elam,  iShadrach,  and  Jubal.  None  of  these 
persons  had  the  slightest  Jewish  connexion. 

W.  C.  B. 

May  I  add  the  following  curious  Christian 
names  selected  from  my  large  collections  1 
They  are  mostly  names  of  persons  of  my 
acquaintance,  nearly  all  of  whom  are 
Americans,  but  many  are  of  foreign  ancestry. 
Adelma,  origin  uncertain  ;  Arad,  Hungarian  ; 
Bohumil,  Bohemian  ;  Centennial,  Centennial 
Exhibition  of  1876;  Euphemia,  Greek; 
Evahn,  origin  uncertain ;  Fagundes,  Brazilian : 


10*  s.i.  FEB.  27,  low.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


171 


Folger,  Norwegian  ;  Ilonka,  Italian  (?) ;  Iowa, 
American  Indian  ;  Jaime,  Porto  Rican  ;  Lito, 
origin  uncertain  ;  Luman,  origin  uncertain  ; 
Lumir,  Bohemian  ;  Manasseh,  Hebrew  ; 
Modie,  origin  uncertain  :  Neata,  origin  un- 
certain ;  Sik,  Korean  ;  Soa,  Chinese ;  Tayo- 
hikq,  Japanese  ;  Vilhjalmr,  Icelandic ;  Wata, 
origin  uncertain  ;  Welmer,  origin  uncertain  ; 
Yetta,  Norwegian  ;  Zenas,  origin  uncertain  ; 
Zenhici,  Japanese  ;  Zillah,  origin  uncertain  ; 
Zulema,  Bohemian. 

CHARLES  BUNDY  WILSON. 
.State  University  of  Iowa,  Iowa  City. 

[Zillah,  Gen.  iv.  19.] 

In  Lincoln  Cathedral  before  the  spoliation 
was  a  monumental  brass  to  Anne  Armyn 
(ob.  1616),  in  the  inscription  of  which  occurred 
the  (female)  name  Prothasey.  I  have  never 
seen  this  name  before  or  since  ;  but  I  take  it 
to  be  a  familiar  corruption  of  Prophthasia, 
an  obviously  appropriate  name  for  a  daughter 
born  before  her  time.  In  a  serial  novel  now 
running  in  the  Queen  one  of  the  characters  is 
called  Advena.  In  Marion  Crawford's  novel 
'Paul  Patoff'  one  of  the  characters  is  called 
Chrysophrasia.  Has  MR.  GANTILLON  ever 
come  across  these  names  ? 

H.  K.  ST.  J.  S. 

Some  eight  or  ten  years  ago  I  saw  the 
name  Palacia  in  a  list  of  shareholders  of  a 
public  company.  I  have  heard  of  Venetia 
and  Roma  as  the  names  of  two  daughters  of 
an  Italian  gentleman  settled  in  London. 
About  two  hundred  years  ago  one  of  my 
ancestors  married  a  Dutch  lady,  and  her 
Christian  name  Dilliaua  is  still  a  favourite 
one  amongst  her  descendants. 

ALFRED  MOLONY. 

The  most  curious  Christian  name  I  ever 
came  across  was  Adnil,  given  to  a  girl  born 
in  Aberdeen.  Her  mother's  name  was  Linda. 
At  the  time  of  her  birth  the  child's  parents 
were  not  on  very  good  terms,  and  the  father, 
in  a  moment  of  freakishness,  inverted  the 
mother's  name  with  the  above  result.  The 
child  died  in  early  girlhood.  J. 

About  thirty  years  ago  the  wife  of  a  green- 
grocer named  Wright,  living  in  York  Street, 
Westminster,  nearly  opposite  to  the  Niagara 
Hall,  gave  birth  to  twins.  My  brother-in- 
law,  the  late  Mr-  William  Enne  Needham, 
the  Registrar  of  Births  for  the  District  of 
St.  Margaret,  Westminster,  including  the 
Hamlet  of  Knightsbridge,  was  called  upon 
to  register  them.  The  father  gave  them  the 
names  of  William  the  Conqueror  and  Peter 
the  Great,  and,  notwithstanding  the  regis- 
trar's protest  against  this  absurdity,  they 


were  entered  in  the  books  as  above,  the 
protest  being  unavailing.  I  also  see  in  the 
Sun  of  Thursday,  7  January,  a  paragraph 
recording  that  "at  Lambeth  to-day  an 
inquest  was  held  respecting  the  death  of  a 
child  named  Ireni  Jacobi  Fanny  Jessop 
Cavendish  de  Rienzi  Selina  Anna  Susannah 
Skelton  Peter.  What  a  dreadful  encum- 
brance !  No  wonder  an  inquest  was  necessary. 
W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 

Among  curious  Christian  names  Acts  of 
the  Apostles  ought  to  take  precedence.  I 
remember  in  my  schooldays,  near  Canter- 
bury, a  woodman,  of  Blean  Woods,  known 
as  Ax-o-postles  Pegden.  Scholarship  was 
not  of  a  high  order  there,  at  the  time  when 
the  notorious  madman  Thorn  was  so  easily 
imposing  upon  the  simple-minded  people, 
and  a  Bible  was  the  only  generally  known 
household  book.  A  worthy  churchgoing 
father  had  named  his  four  sons  respectively 
Matthew,  Mark,  Luke,  and  John,  but  being 
blessed  with  a  fifth,  and  unable  to  think  of 
anything  better,  decided  upon  the  next  in 
order  under  his  Christian  authority,  viz., 
the  Acts  of  the  Apostles,  and  the  rector,  we 
were  told,  could,  upon  the  emergency,  think 
of  no  other  course  than  so  to  christen  this 
fifth  sprig  of  an  old  block.  I  have  once  seen 
this  name  referred  to  in  a  magazine  article 
upon  'Curiosities  of  the  Registry,'  but  cannot 
remember  where.  CHARLES  COBHAM. 

Shrubbery,  Gravesend. 

[For  Acts  of  the  Apostles  see  9th  S.  iii.  225,  312-.] 

FRENCH  MINIATURE  PAINTER  (10th  S.  i.  86, 
137). — I  am  much  obliged  for  the  replies  to 
my  query,  but  I  was  not  aware  that  Madame 
Yigee  Lebrun  ever  painted  miniatures.  Do 
any  miniatures  by  her  exist? 

EVELYN  WELLINGTON. 

'MEMOIRS  OF  A  STOMACH'  (10th  S.  i.  27, 
57,  111). — 1  possess  a  copy  of  the  eleventh 
edition  of  this  little  book,  published  by 
Chapman  &  Hall.  The  title-page,  which  has 
no  date,  bears  "  Memoirs  of  a  Stomach. 
Written  by  Himself,  that  all  who  Eat  may 
Read.  Edited  by  a  Minister  of  the  Interior:' 

Among  the  advertisements  on  the  boards 
of  the  book  is  the  following  :  "  Helionde  ;  or, 
Adventures  in  the  Sun.  By  Sydney  Whiting, 
Esq.,  Author  of  '  The  Memoirs  of  a  Stomach,' 
'  A  Literary  Melange,'  &c.  Chapman  &  Hall." 

Sir  James  Eyre,  physician,  is  mentioned 
occasionally  in  the  '  Memoirs,'  and  at  p.  61 
he  is  said  to  have  written  "  an  agreeable  little 
book,  '  The  Stomach  and  its  Difficulties.' " 

The  Columbine  May  Day  song  at  p.  87  was 
set  to  music,  and  published  by  P.  B.  Shee, 
Paddington  Street,  Marylebone.  W.  S. 


172 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io«>  s.  i.  FEB.  27,  im 


"PAPERS  "  (9th  S.  xii.  387  ;  10th  S.  i.  18,  53, 
111).— In  a  deposition  taken  15  June,  1768, 
at  Nassau,  Bahama  Islands,  occurs  the  fol- 
lowing : — 

"  He  ordered  the  sloop's  colours  to  be  struck, 
saying  to  this  deponent,  that  they  must  be  taken, 
and  if  she  is  a  Guai  da  Costa,  she  would  carry  them 
into  port,  where,  upon  producing  their  papers,  they 

should  certainly  be  cleared That  thereupon  the 

Spanish  Captain  asked  Capt.  Nott,  whether  the 
papers  of  the  snow  would  not  answer  for  their 
purpose ;  to  which  Capt.  Nott  replied  that  a  snow's 
papers  would  not  do  for  a  brigantine." — Boston 
Chronicle,  8-15  August,  1768,  i.  322,  323. 

In  a  letter  written  from  Halifax,  Nova 
Scotia,  occurs  the  following  : — 

"Capt.  Andrew  Bryson,  of  the  Ship  Betsy,  ar- 
rived in  this  Place  last  Week  from  Bristol,  which 
Place  he  left  the  18th  of  July,  as  appears  by  the 
Papers  lodged  in  the  Custom  House." — Boston 
Gazette,  16  October,  1769,  p.  2,  col.  2. 

ALBERT  MATTHEWS. 
Boston,  U.S. 

PANNELL  (9th  S.  xii.  248,  475).— For  several 
months  in  1899  the  Rev.  A.  Pidgepn  Pannell 
was  one  of  the  curates  of  the  parish  church 
here.  He  was  subsequently  appointed  to  the 
living  of  Bulmer,  Suffolk,  which  he  still  holds. 

in  1869  Mr.  0.  Pannell,  of  Walton  Lodge, 
Torquay,  was  elected  a  life  member  of  the 
Devonshire  Association.  His  name  appears 
in  the  list  of  members  at  the  address 
named  until  1883,  and  without  address  until 
1902,  when  it  disappears,  though  there  is 
no  reference  to  him  in  the  obituary  for  the 
year.  Is  he  living  ?  and  if  so,  where  ? 

In  Mr.  R.  C.  Hope's  l  List  of  English  Bell- 
founders '  (Arch.  Journal,  1. 150-75)  are  to  be 
found  the  following  names  :  Pannell,  Charles 
&  Co.,  1820-5 ;  Pannell,  William,  1820-6  ;  Pan- 
nell, William  &  Charles ;  Pannell,  William  & 
Son,  1820-44. 

There  is  evidence  that  a  family  of  this 
name  existed  years  ago  in  the  parish  of 
Coombe-in-Teignhead,  Devon. 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 
Lancaster. 

AYLSHAM  CLOTH  (10th  S.  i.  4).— I  was  pleased 
to  see  W.  C.  B.'s  note  on  the  above.  During 
the  reigns  of  Edward  II.  and  Edward  III 
Aylsham  was  the  chief  town  in  that  part  of 
the  kingdom  for  linen  manufacture,  whence 
it  was  denominated  in  records  "Aylsham 
webs,  "  cloth  of  Aylsham,"  &c. :  but  in  suc- 
ceeding reigns  this  branch  of  business  was 
superseded  by  the  woollen  manufacture,  and 
m  the  time  of  James  I.  the  inhabitants  were 
rincipally  employed  in  knitting  worsted 

Jckings,  breeches,  and  waistcoat  pieces 
CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 


ROBIN  A  BOBBIN  (9th  S.  xii.  503 ;  10th  S.  i. 
32).— It  may  be  worth  while  to  put  on  record 
a  complete  version  of  this  "  nomony,"  as  it 
was  current  in  the  West  Riding  of  Yorkshire 
some  twenty  years  ago  (and  may  be  still). 
I  have  heard  it  in  the  same  form  from  many 
singers,  and  the  "verses"  given  below  were 
considered  complete.  I  do  not  remember 
any  case  in  which  it  was  continued  by  im- 
promptu additions.  Each  verse  consisted  of 
the  first  line  repeated  with  four  different 
endings,  as  in  the  fiqgt  verse.  It  will  be  seen 
that  the  second  character  is  slightly  different, 
and  the  third  entirely  different,  from  those 
given  by  MR.  RATCLIFFE  as  known  in  Derby- 
shire. 

1.  Let's  go  to  the  greenwood,  said  Robin  a  Bobbin  ; 
Let 's  go  to  the  greenwood,  said  Richard  a  Robin  ; 
Let's  go  to  the  greenwood,  said  Hullybaloo ; 
And  let 's  go  to  the  greenwood,  said  every  one. 

2.  What  to  do  there  ?  said  Robin  a  Bobbin. 

3.  To  catch  a  green  linnet,  said  Robin  a  Bobbin. 

4.  What  to  do  with  it?  said  Robin  a  Robbin. 

5.  To  sell  to  the  queen,  said  Robin  a  Bobbin. 

6.  How  much  for  it  ?  said  Robin  a  Bobbin. 

7.  Sixpence  for  it,  said  Robin  a  Bobbin. 

8.  What  t'  do  wi'  the    sixpence?   said   Robin   a 

Bobbin. 

9.  Buy  some  terbacker,  said  Robin  a  Bobbin. 

At  this  practical  suggestion  the  singing 
ended,  and  tobacco  usually  received  atten- 
tion. I  think  it  would  be  interesting  if 
variants  of  this  version  (traditional,  not 
impromptu)  could  be  gathered  into  '  N.  &  Q.' 

H.  SNOWDEN  WARD. 
Hadlow,  Kent. 

The  words  and  music  of  this  song  are  given 
in  full  in  both  Mr.  A.  W.  Moore's  'Manx 
Ballads '  and  the  late  Deemster  Gill's  work 
on  Manx  melodies.  F.  G. 

ROBERT  CATESBY  (10th  S.  i.  86).  — The 
baptism  of  a  son  of  his  is  thus  recorded  in 
the  old  register  of  Chastleton :  "  Robert 
Catesbie,  son  of  Catesbie,  was  baptised  the 
llth  day  of  November,  1595." 

"Of  the  fate  of  this  boy  nothing  is  known  with 
certainty,  except  that  he  was  in  London  with  his 
father  at  the  time  of  the  discovery  of  the  Plot  in 
1605. "-1N.  &  Q.,'  6th  S.  xii.  364. 

The  'Dictionary  of  National  Biography' 
says  that  Robert  Catesby's  son  Robert 
married  a  daughter  of  Thomas  Percy,  and 
that  of  his  subsequent  history  nothing  is 
known.  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

CHRISTMASTIDE  FOLK-LORE  (9th  S.  xii.  505). 
— William  Sandys,  F.S.A.,  in  his  '  Christmas- 
tide  :  its  History,  Festivities,  and  Carols,' 


io*  s.  i.  FEB.  27,  loo*.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


173 


says  there  is  a  superstition  that  in  as  many 
different  houses  as  you  eat  minced  pies 
during  Christmas  so  many  happy  months 
will  you  have  in  the  ensuing  year.  You 
have  only  therefore  to  go  to  a  different  house 
each  day  in  the  Christmas  to  ensure  a  happy 
twelvemonth — a  simple  receipt,  if  effectual. 

J.    HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

There  is  a  variant  of  the  mince-pie  legend 
in  the  West  of  England,  where  many  young 
people  try  to  taste  twelve  of  their  friends' 
and  neighbours'  plum-puddings,_on  the  plea 
of  a  similar  belief.  C.  T. 

COURT  POSTS  UNDER  STUART  KINGS  (10th  S* 
i.  107).— The  Marshal  of  the  King's  Hall  was 
an  officer  whose  business  it  was,  when  the 
tables  were  prepared,  "  to  call  out  both  those 
of  the  Household  and  Strangers,  according 
to  their  Worth,  and  decently  to  place  them 
according  to  their  Quality "  (see  Cowel's 
'Interpreter,'  1727,  and  N.  Bailey's  'Diet.,' 
1740).  He,  of  course,  had  many  other  duties, 
and  subservient  to  him  were  what,  in  the 
'Privy  Purse  Expenses  of  Princess  Mary,' 
were  called  "  Husshers,"  i.e.,  doorkeepers  and 
ushers  to,  of,  and  from  "the  Presence."  An 
item  among  the  '  Privy  Purse  Expenses  of 
King  Henry  VIII.'  is  "  paied  to  dawson,  one 
of  the  marshalls  of  the  King's  hall,  for  xxviij 
dozen  Cases  of  trenchers  delivered  to  the 
pantry,  xlvjs.  viijd"  (N.  H.  Nicolas). 

With  regard  to  a  "Yeoman  of  the  Privy 
Chamber,"  a  "  Yeoman"  was  an  officer  in  the 
King's  House  in  the  middle  place  between 
the  Sergeant  and  the  Groom  (see  Blount's 
'  Law  Diet.,'  1717).  The  "  Yeoman  de  le  lesh  " 
was  an  officer  who  had  the  keeping  of  the 
falcons.  A  leash  was  a  light  line  used  to  give 
the  falcon  a  short  flight  without  releasing  her 
altogether.  It  was  secured  to  the  varvels  on 
the  bird's  ankle  : — 

But  her  too  f&ithful  leash  doth  soon  return 
Her  broken  flight,  attempted  oft  in  vain. 

Quarles's  '  Emblems,'  v.  9. 

An  item  in  the  '  Privy  Purse  Expenses  of 
Henry  VIII.'  (ed.  by  Nicolas,  1827),  p.  224,  is, 
"in  Rewarde  for  bringing  of  a  lesshe  of 

laneretts  to  the  King's  grace ,"  and  (p.  75) 

"  to  Rolte,  yoman  of  the  leshe,  for  his  fee," 
&c.  Richard  Bolt/on,  Yeoman  of  the  Leash 
to  Henry  VIII.,  received  10s.  a  quarter  ('Ex- 
penses of  Princess  Mary,'  ibid.). 

The  Pages  of  the  Bedchamber  and  Back- 
stairs of  George  II.  were  six  in  number, 
but  their  salary  is  not  stated.  For  other 
officials  of  the  King's  Household  and  their 
salaries,  <fec.,  see  'A  General  List  or  Catalogue 
of  all  the  Offices  and  Officers  of  his  Majesty's 
Government,'  at  the  end  of  John  Chamber- 


layne's    'Magnae    Britannise    Notitia,'    1723r 
p.  457.  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

A  NAMELESS  GRAVESTONE  (9th  S.  xii.  504), 
— Another  interesting  example  is  the  stone 
in  Hertingfordbury  Church,  Herts,  inscribed 
"Here  lies  poor  Corydon.  Ob1  Sepr  24th- 
1758."  The  parochial  registers,  according  to 
Cussans  ('  Hist.  Herts,'  ii.  115),  contain  no- 
entry  relating  to  it. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

BATROME  (10th  S.  i.  88).— In  the  Inq.  p.m.  of 
William  Wadham,  of  co.  Dorset  (3  Hen.  VII. 
vol.  iii.  No.  85),  one  of  the  jurors  is  Nich, 
Batrain' ;  and  in  that  of  Sir  Thos.  Mil- 
bourne,  Knt.  (8  Hen.  VII.),  there  is  mention 
of  land  in  Batramsley  held  of  the  manor  of 
Lydahurst.  ETHEL  LEGA-WEEKES. 

"DIABREAD"  (10th  S.  i.  126).— As  a  guess,  I 
should  suppose  diabread  to  be  compounded 
of  dia-  and  bread.  Dia-  could  be  prefixed  to 
almost  anything  used  medicinally ;  see  the 
'  H.E.D.'  under  dia-,  and  note  dia-pnme,  dia- 
rhubarb,  and  the  like.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

Probably  diet-bread,  or  diet  loaf  ;  on  which 
see  'N.E.D.'  and  'E.D.D.' 

The  blue  eggs  referred  to  were  probably 
eggs  dyed  blue,  like  pace-eggs.  J.  T.  F. 

EPITAPHS  :  THEIR  BIBLIOGRAPHY  (10th  S.  i. 
44). — The  following  may  prove  of  some  use 
towards  a  complete  bibliography  of  epitaphs  : 

Bancroft,  Thomas.— Two  Books  of  Epigrams  and 
Epitaphs,  1639. 

Booth,  The  Rev.  J.— Epitaphs. 

Brown,  William  Norman.  —  Curious  Epitaphs 
(Country  Life,  17  June,  1899). 

Cansick,  F.  T.— Epitaphs  (St.  Pancras). 

Commercial  in  Spare  Moments,  Gathered  by  a. — 
An  Original  Collection  of  Extant  Epitaphs,  1870. 

Croft,  Sir  H.— Epitaphs  ('The  Abbey  of  Kilk- 
hampton'),  1780. 

Diprose's  Book  of  Epitaphs,  Humorous,  Eccentric, 
Ancient,  and  Remarkable. 

'Ejrtrd^irt,  or  a  Collection  of  Memorials  of  Good 
and  Faithful  Servants,  1826. 

Fairley,  W.— Epitaphiana,  1875. 

Hackett,  John. — Epitaphs,  1757. 

Harris,  J. — A  Series  of  Epitaphs  collected  from 
Churches,  Churchyards,  and  Burial-places  in  Kings- 
bridge  and  Neighbourhood.  Read  at  a  meeting  of 
the  Devonshire  Association  for  the  Advancement 
of  Science,  Literature,  and  Art,  27.  28,  and  29  July, 
1897.  (Published,  I  think,  in  the  Proceedings.) 

Household  Words.  —  Tombstone  Curiosities, 
20  Jan.,  1900  ;  Gems  from  the  Churchyard,  October, 
1900. 

Loaring,  H.  J. — Epitaphs. 

Old  Mortality  Juniors  Epitaphs,  1900  (Simpkin 
&  Marshall). 

Palmer,  Samuel.  —  Epitaphs  and  Epigrams, 
Curious,  Quaint,  and  Amusing,  1869. 

Pulleyn,  William.— Churchyard  Gleanings  and 
Epigrammatic  Scraps,  1830. 


174 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io*  s.  i.  FEB.  27,  igoi. 


Queen,  24  Nov.,  1866. 

Ravenshaw,  Thomas  F.  —  Anciente  Epitaphs, 
1878. 

Religious  Tract  Society.  See  the  first  series  of 
tracts  of  this  society,  vol.  xiv.  No.  529. 

Scotland.— A  Collection  of  Epitaphs  and  Monu- 
mental Inscriptions,  chiefly  in  Scotland,  1834 
(Glasgow,  printed  for  I).  Mac  Yean). 

Watt,  Robert. — In  his  '  Bibliotheca  Britannica,' 
1824,  there  is  a  long  list  of  early  books  on  epitaphs. 

Weever's  Funeral  Monuments,  1631. 

J.   HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

It  may  interest  W.  B.  H.  to  know  that  in 
1887  I  published  "  For  Private  Distribution 
only.  Not  for  Sale,"  '  A  Catalogue  [78  pages 
8vo]  of  some  Books  relating  to  the  Disposal 
of  the  Bodies  and  perpetuating  the  Memories 
of  the  Dead.'  This  included  books  on  epi- 
taphs. The  British  Museum  has  a  copy. 
Since  1887  I  have  in  MS.  a  large  addition 
(say  five  hundred  items)  to  the  published 
catalogue.  JOHN  TOWNSHEND. 

New  York. 

ST.  PATRICK  AT  ORVIETO  (10th  S.  i.  48, 
131). — At  the  latter  reference,  instead  of 
St.  Patrick's  "journey  through  Purgatory," 
I  should  have  said  Guerino  Meschino's  jour- 
ney through  St.  Patrick's  Purgatory.  It  is 
interesting  to  note  that  several  editions  of 
the  adventures  of  this  hero  appeared  in  Italy 
a  few  years  previously  to  the  making  of  the 
well.  J.  DORMER. 

REIGN  OF  TERROR  (10th  S.  i.  127).— A  list  of 
Lavoisier's  fellow-victims  will  be  found  in 
Wallon's  'Histoire  du  Tribunal  Revolution- 
»aire •'  J.  G.  ALGER. 

Holland  Park  Court. 

"  ACERBATIVB  "  (10th  S.  i.  27).— Although  I 
nave  not  at  hand  any  specific  references,  I 
can  positively  state  that  acerbative  is  more  or 
less  used  in  this  country. 

CHARLES  BUNDY  WILSON. 

State  University  of  Iowa,  Iowa  City. 

TRIAL  OF  QUEEN  CAROLINE  (10th  S.  i.  127) 

-If  your  correspondent  is  interested  in  this 

case,  I  should  recommend  an  application  at 

the  Corporation  Library,  Guildhall,  for  the 

following  works:  — 

The  Proceedings  and  Correspondence  upon  the 
Subject  of  the  Inquiry  into  the  Conduct  of  Her 

don   1807     I168S  C6SS  °f  Wales'    8vo>  Lon- 

l3'B8"iv?llkl  Nw'PapCT  Cuttings  concerning 
he£,Trial,  Death  and  Funeral.  (London,  1807-21  ) 
{London"  1?>18) to  Coronation  Examined.  8vo. 

I  have  on  my  shelves  a  copy  of  '  A  Full 
Report  of  the  Trial  of  Her  Majesty  Caroline 
Amelia  Elizabeth,  Queen  of  England,'  Lon- 
don (13  oept.,  1820),  2  vols.,  which  is  open  to 


HELGA'S  inspection  ;  also  'The  Book  of  1807, 
a  copy  of  which  the  late  MR.  WM.  J.  TIIOMS, 
editor  of  'N.  &  Q.,'  could  not  obtain  "of  an 
earlier  date  than  1813."  See  5th  S.  ii.  321. 

EVERAIID  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71  1  Brecknock  Road. 

THE  COPE  (9th  S.  x.  285,  374,  495  ;  xi.  93, 
172,  335).  —  With  reference  to  the  time  the 
cope  has  been  in  use  as  a  vestment  in  the 
Church  of  England,  a  letter  is  extant  from 
the  late  Rev.  L.  Darwall,  perpetual  curate 
of  Criggion,  Alberbury,  near  Shrewsbury, 
written  in  1867,  in  which  he  says  that  he 
himself  made  a  cope  and  wore  it  in  1853.  I 
have  been  unable  to  find  the  name  of  any 
clergyman  wearing  this  vestment  previous  to 
this  date,  though  the  Rev.  T.  A.  Boltoii, 
incumbent  of  Old  Basford,  Notts,  used  both 
lights  and  incense  in  1849,  but  does  not  refer 
to  vestments  till  18G6,  by  which  time  a  few 
clergymen  had  commenced  wearing  the  cope 
as  well  as  other  pre-Reformation  vestments. 
FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

CHAUCERIANA  (10th  S.  i.  121).—!.  As  to  the 
line  "  For  pite  renneth  sone  in  gentil  herte," 
I  have  little  doubt  that  Chaucer  had  it  from 
Dante,  'Inferno,'  v.  100,  "Amor,  che  al  cor 
gentil  ratto  s'  apprende."  I  give  this  reference 
at  p.  101  of  my  modernized  version  of  '  The 
Knight's  Tale,'  just  published.  I  forget  the 
source  whence  I  obtained  this  reference. 

2.  As  to  the  lines  "  Eek  Plato  seith,"  &c.,  it 
seems  to  me  a  hard  case  that  your  corre- 
spondent never  took  the  trouble  to  consult 
my  edition  of  Chaucer.  In  my  note  to  the 
line,  vol.  v.  p.  57,  1  give  the  reference  to  vol.  ii. 
p.  90,  1.  151.  The  note  to  this  line,  in  vol.  ii. 
p.  444,  gives  the  correct  reference  to  Plato, 
as  shown  by  the  occurrence  of  the  word 
WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 


GENERAL  CHARLES  STEWART'S  PORTRAIT 
(10th  S.  i.  127).—  Romney  died  in  1802;  he 
cannot,  therefore,  have  painted  as  a  major- 
general  Charles  Stewart  who  commanded 
1st  Battalion  50th  Foot  at  Walcheren  in 
1809,  who  was  not  an  "  honourable,"  and  died 
in  1812,  with  the  rank  only  of  lieutenant- 
colonel.  Major-General  the  Hon.  Charles 
Stewart,  afterwards  third  Marquess  of 
Londonderry,  was  not  promoted  major-general 
till  1810,  and  was  never,  so  far  as  I  know, 
painted  by  Romney  ;  but  in  the  catalogue  of 
Romney's  works  appended  to  my  life  of 
that  painter  MR.  PURNELL  may  note  No.  379, 
"Stewart,  General  Charles  (engraved  by  T. 
Grozer  in  1794),"  at  which  date  the  future 
Lord  Londonderry  was  only  sixteen.  The 
subject  of  this  portrait  was  probably  General 


10*8.  I.  FEB.  27,  1904.]  NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


175 


the  Hon.  Sir  Charles  Stuarfc,  fourth  son  of   days  a  civet  means,  I  believe,  "jugged  hare," 
John,    third    Earl    of    Bute.     He   captured 
Minorca  from  the  Spaniards  in  1798,  and  died 
in   1801.    The  victor  of  Maida  was  Lieut.- 
General  Sir  John  Stuart,  who  died  in  1815. 
HERBERT  MAXWELL. 


This  I  think  must  be  a  portrait  of  General 
the  Hon.  Charles  William  Stewart  (after- 
wards Marquis  of  Londonderry),  a  celebrated 
character  in  his  time.  John  Stuart  com- 
manded the  English  force  at  Maida.  Charles 
Stewart,  50th  Regiment,  never  attained  the 
rank  of  a  general  officer. 

W.  PICTON  MORTIMER. 

ANATOMIE    VIVANTE  (9th  S.  xii.  49,   157 ; 
10*  S.  i.  138).— I  can  find  nothing  whatever 
to  warrant  the  statement  that  this  turns  was 
ever  exhibited  at  the  Egyptian  Hall.  Neither 
Hone  nor  Timbs  mentions  it,  and  I  still  think 
that  the  writer  in  the  Daily  Telegraph  has 
been  led  into  error  by  the  unsubstantiated 
version  in  'Old  and  New  London.'    Seurat, 
in  fact,  prospered  so  happily  at  the  Chinese 
Saloon,  according  to  his  own  confession,  that 
it  would  .have    been  very  foolish  of    him, 
unless  compelled  to  do  so,  to  covet  two  birds 
in  the  Piccadilly  bush  when  he  already  had 
one  in  the  hand  in  Pall  Mall.    If  the  authors 
of  'Old  and    New  London'  allude   to  the 
account  in  Hone's  'Every-Day  Book'  as  a 
short  one,   they  are  certainly   wide  of   the 
mark,  for  Hone  devotes  no  fewer  than  four- 
teen columns  to  this  wonderful  prodigy.    In 
all  these  fourteen  columns  there  is  no  mention 
of  the  Egyptian   Hall,  neither  does  Tiinbs 
in    'Something    for   Everybody'  allude    to 
Seurat's  being    exhibited    there.     It  is,  of 
course,  possible  that  he  was,  but  at  present 
some  reliable  evidence  is  desirable. 

J.    HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

PECULIARS  (9th  S.  xii.  69,  137).— Ilminster, 
Somerset,  was  a  royal  peculiar— the  only  one 
in  the  diocese  of  Bath  and  Wells.  Until  a 
few  years  ago  the  vicar  held  his  own  visita- 


and  hare  only ;  but  as  late  as  1734  ('  Le 
Nouveau  Cuisinier  Royal  et  Bourgeois') 
directions  are  given  for  making  civets  not 
only  of  lievre,  but  of  cerf,  biche,  fan,  and 
sanglier.  The  receipt  for  cooking  venison  in 
the  aforesaid  'Nouveau  Cuisinier'  begins 
thus  :  u  The  stag  is  a  wild  animal,  as  every 
one  knows."  I  still  fail  to  see  where  M. 
Alexandras  joke  comes  in.  FRANCIS  KING. 

ENVELOPES  (9th  S.  xii.  245,  397,  434,  490; 
10th  S.  i.  57,  133).— Possibly  the  use  of  enve- 
lopes originated  on  the  Continent.  There 
is  in  the  Bodleian  Library  a  letter  to  the 
librarian,  Joseph  Bowles,  from  J.  G.  Eccard 
(von  Eckhart),  the  historian,  dated  at 
Hanover,  11  July,  1721,  which  is  enclosed  in 
an  envelope  with  four  folds  meeting  in  the 
middle,  where  it  is  sealed  with  his  armorial 


seal. 


W.  D.  MACRAY. 


tions,  and  was  not  under  the  jurisdiction  of 
the  bishop.  The  seal  bears  the  effigy  of  the 
Duke  of  Somerset.  C.  T. 

"FIRST    CATCH  YOUR  HARE  "    (9th   S.  xii.  125, 

518).— There  is  little  doubt  that  the  "Pour 
faire  un  civet,"  &c.,  as  quoted  by  R.  Alex- 
andre,  is  the  equivalent  jest  in  French  for 
our  '  First  catch  your  hare,"  but  with  this 
difference— that  the  humour  of  the  one  is 
wanting  in  the  other.  Whatever  mav  be 


In  '  Granby,'  a  novel  of  fashionable  life  by 
J.  H.  Lister,  published  in  1826,  Lady  Harriet 
Duncan  observes,  in  regard  to  her  letters : 
"  No,  no  ;  take  them  [i.e.  the  letters]  out  of 
the  envelop — there — thanks— and  give  them 
to  me."  (Chap,  ix.) 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 
Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

"  PRIOR  TO  "  (9th  S.  xii.  66,  154, 312  ;  10th  S.  i. 
114). — This  expression  is  familiar  to  many,  as 
occurring  in  Paley's  definition  of  instinct,  in 
bhe  eighteenth  chapter  of  his  '  Natural  Theo- 
logy,' the  fifth  edition  of  which  was  published 
^n  1803  :  "  An  instinct  is  a  propensity  prior 
x>  experience  and  independent  of  instruc- 
ion."  J.  T.  F. 

MOON  FOLK-LORE  (10th  S.  i.  125).— In  Berk- 
shire also  one  has  merely  to  look  at  the  new 
moon  and  say  : — 

New  moon,  new  moon,  I  hail  thee  ! 

By  all  the  virtue  in  thy  body, 

Grant  this  night  that  I  may  see 

He  who  my  true  love  shall  be  ! 


In  the  third  line  of  the  North  Lincolnshire 
version  furnished  by  J.  T.  F.  would  not 
"  ray  "  be  "  array  "  contracted  into  "  "ray,"  as 
we  say  "  rack  "  for  "arrack"?  Is  it  not  also 
possible  that  the  lines  have  become  so  much 
corrupted  from  the  original  as  to  have 
formerly  contained  some  allusion  to  the 
"ray"  of  the  moon?  In  a  Bushman  legend 
quoted  by  Dr.  Bleek  ('  Brief  Account  of  Bush- 
man Folk-lore')  the  moon  is  a  man  who 
the  wrath  of  the  sun,  and  is  con- 


176 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


s.  i.  FEB.  27,  190*. 


more  he  offends  his  sunship,  the  whole  process 
being  repeated  monthly.  In  parts  of  Ireland 
the  people  are  said  to  point  to  the  new  moon 
with  a  Knife  and  say  : — 

New  moon,  true  morrow,  be  true  now  to  me, 
That  I  to-morrow  my  true  love  may  see  ! 

J.   HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

KALEIGH  :  ITS  PRONUNCIATION  (9th  S.  xii. 
366,  497 ;  10th  S.  i.  90).— With  all  due  defer- 
ence to  those  gentlemen,  it  seems  to  me  that 
the  comments  of  MR.  JOHN  HUTCHINSON  and 
MR.  AVERN  PARDOE  simply  beg  the  point  at 
issue.  How  can  one  possibly  now  know  with 
any  sort  of  certainty  how  some  problematical 
speech  sounds  of  more  than  three  centuries 
ago  would  be  spelt  by  writers  of  the  same 

Eeriod  1  Since  we  know  how  vowel- sounds 
ave  changed  and  are  changing,  there  is 
surely  very  "  good  reason  for  supposing  that 
the  sounds  of  those  syllables  MR.  HUT- 
CHINSON refers  to  were  not  the  "same  as 
now,"  One  cannot  very  readily  see  how  the 
word  lamp,  so  far  as  its  origin  and  derivation 
are  concerned,  could  at  any  time  in  our 
history  be  pronounced  lormp;  yet  we  may 
find  the  spelling  lawmp  (in  1523),  and  the 
latter  conjunction  of  letters  would  nowadays 
presumably  find  the  former  pronunciation 
(cf .  saw,  laiv,  raw,  &c.).  For  lawmp  I  refer 
to  Blomefield's  '  Norfolk,'  vol.  xi.  p.  143  :  "  a 
lawmp  to  bren  before  the  Rode."  As  to 
ancient  letter-sounds,  and  phonetic  spelling 
of  those  sounds,  one  might  suppose  that  rode, 
when  written,  would  clearly  rime  with  mode 
as  now  pronounced  ;  yet  I  suppose  there  can 
be  little  doubt  that  in  1523  the  sound  of  the 
conjoined  letters  rode  would  be  the  same 
sound  as  we  now  give  to  the  conjoined  letters 
rood,  and  that  the  meaning  of  rode  in  1523 
would  be  the  same  as  the  meaning  of  rood  in 

1904.  A  YORKSHIREMAN. 

SMOTHERING  HYDROPHOBIC  PATIENTS  (10th 
S.  i.  65).— The  following  is  from  the  MS. 
diary  of  Thomas  Collinson,  of  Southgate,  a 
nephew  of  the  well-known  botanist  Peter 
Collinson  :— 
0."  February  1, 1795.  Mr.  Hammond  observed  that 
2o  Ib.  of  blood  passed  through  the  heart  every 
minute.  This  Mr.  Cline,  Surgeon  to  St.  Thomas's 
Hospital,  had  an  opportunity  of  observing  by  the 
section  of  the  carotid  artery  in  two  unhappy 
subjects  under  hydrophobia.  There  were  ten 
patients  in  all,  eight  of  whom  were  cured  ;  the 
other  two,  instead  of  being  smothered,  were 
released  from  their  misery  by  the  above-mentioned 
method. 

Cline  became  Master  of  the  College  of 
Surgeons  in  1815,  and  subsequently  its  presi- 
dent. Sir  Astley  Cooper  was  his  pupil,  and 
the  Gentleman's  Magazine  refers  to  nim  as 


a  cautious,  sound,  and  successful  surgeon, 
lammond  was  for  many  years  a  surgeon  of 
repute  at  Edmonton.  His  name  is  well 
mown  now  as  the  doctor  whose  service 
£eats  entered  as  a  youth. 

The  extract,  I  think,  proves  unquestion- 
ably that  both  smothering  and  bleeding  to 
death  were  accepted  modes  of  treatment  in 
dealing  with  incurable  hydrophobists. 

JOHN  W.  FORD. 
Enfield  Old  Park. 

Charlotte  Bronte,  in  'Shirley'  (published 
L849),  the  scene  of  which  is  laid  in  the  West 
Riding  of  Yorkshire,  evidently  describes  the 
treatment  awarded  to  these  unfortunates  in 
her  day.  The  heroine,  who  has  been  bitten 
by  a  dog  supposed  to  be  mad,  says  to  her 
lover : — 

"  In  case  the  worst  I  have  feared  should  happen, 
they  will  smother  me.  You  need  not  smile  :  they 
will— they  always  do.  My  uncle  will  be  full  of 
horror,  weakness,  precipitation  ;  and  that  is  the 
only  expedient  which  will  suggest  itself  to  him." 

C.  M.  H. 

There  was  a  belief  fifty  years  ago  that 
people  suffering  with  hydrophobia  after  a 
bite  from  a  mad  dog  were  smothered  in  bed 
as  a  protective  measure,  and  that  to  do  so 
was  right  and  proper.  There  was  then  a 
good  deal  of  talk  about  persons  who  had  been 
treated  in  this  way.  Such  things  were  said 
to  be  done,  but  none  was  positive  about 
them.  "So-and-so  is  dead."  "Yes,  they  had 
to  smother  him,"  was  now  and  then  to  be 
heard  in  conversations.  THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 

Worksop. 

TEA  AS  A  MEAL  (8th  S.  ix.  387 ;  x.  244  ; 
9th  S.  xii.  351). —  I  have  found  an  earlier 
reference  than  any  yet  quoted  in  an  anony- 
mous manual  of  matrimonial  manners,  en- 
titled '  The  Husband,  in  Answer  to  the  Wife ' 

(London,  T.  Gardner,  1756),  p.  31 :  " cavils 

with  her  on  the  article  of  afternoons  tea,  and 
going  out  every  other  Sunday,"  &c. 

EDWARD  HERON-ALLEN. 

The  point  can  be  pushed  back  a  little 
further  than  1763,  the  earliest  definite  date 
previously  given.  In  a  note  to  Sir  Denis  le 
Marchant's  'Memoir  of  Viscount  Althorp' 
(p.  3),  describing  the  romantic  marriage  on 
27  December,  1755,  of  Mr.  (afterwards  Lord) 
Spencer  to  Miss  Poyntz,  it  is  quoted  from  "  a 
letter  written  at  the  time"  that  "after  tea 
the  parties  necessary  for  the  wedding  stole 
by  degrees  from  the  company." 

POLITICIAN. 

CHINESE  GHOSTS  (9th  S.  xii.  305).— MR.  PLATT 
says  that  he  has  learnt  from  his  Chinese 
friend  of  those  people's  belief  in  their  ghosts 


10*  s.i.  FEB.  27, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


177 


never  appearing  outside  Chinese  territory, 
at  the  same  time  their  settlements  in  other 
countries  being  understood  as  their  own 
territories.  That,  however,  some  Chinese  of 
old  believed  in  their  ghosts  being  able  to 
appear  in  quite  foreign  lands  would  seem 
to  be  implied  in  the  words  of  a  servant 
of  a  certain  Kwoh  family.  When  he  was 
compelled  to  change  his  master,  he  offered 
a  sword,  to  be  beheaded  therewith,  say- 
ing, "I  would  rather  be  a  ghost  amongst 
barbarians  than  obey  an  ignorant  vulgar 
master"  (Sie  Chang-Obi,  '  Wu-tsah-tsu,'  1610, 
Japanese  edition,  1661,  torn.  viii.  fol.  28b). 
Nevertheless,  the  following  passage  (ibid., 
torn.  xv.  fol.  29a)  points  to  their  general  view 
that  under  ordinary  circumstances  spiritual 
or  quasi-spiritual  beings  have  certain  regions 
under  their  influence  : — 

"  The  districts  lying  north  of  the  river  Yang-tsze 
abound  with  enchanting  foxes,  but  those  to 

its    south   with    elves    and    dryads While    a 

mandarin  of  the  Ma  family,  whose  son  was  my 
class-mate,  was  supervising  Cheh-Chuh,  a  province, 
he  became  enchanted  by  a  fox.  Finding  all  means 
of  exorcism  useless,  and  his  health  daily  impairing, 
he  renounced  his  office  and  went  home.  The  spirit 
accompanied  him  so  far  as  the  river  Hwui,  but  did 
not  pass  it  to  its  northern  side." 

The  'Annals  of  Japan,'  completed  720  A.D., 
records  General  Tamichi,  who  had  been  killed 
in  a  battle  with  the  Ainos,  367  A.D.,  to  have 
appeared  as  a  huge  serpent  and  made  havoc 
among  the  savages  who  tried  to  disturb  his 

grave.  So  the  ancient  Japanese  appear  to 
ave  admitted  their  ghosts  to  be  able  to 
appear  singly  among  very  heterogeneous 
peoples.  But  that  they  held  them  to  be 
influential  only  in  limited  portions  of 
space  we  find  in  the  'Kodan  Sho,'  written 
in  the  twelfth  century  (in  Hanawa's  '  Collec- 
tion,' ed.  1902,  Tokyo,  torn,  cdlxxxvi.  p.  579). 
It  is  narrated  there  how  the  Japanese  savant 
Kibi  Daijin  (693-775  A.D  )  outwitted  all  the 
artful  Chinese  who  tried  to  kill  him  from  their 
jealousy  of  his  wide  learning,  through  the 
timely  advice  and  help  of  the  ghost  of 
Abe  no  Nakamaro,  whom  this  story  holds  to 
have  been  starved  to  death  precedingly  by 
the  jealous  Chinese. 

"Those  Chinese,  who  were  greatly  ashamed  of 
their  own  intellectual  inferiority  to  Kibi,  held  a 
secret  council,  and  resolved  to  imprison  and  starve 
him  on  a  high  story  where  most  prisoners  could  not 

live  long At  midnight  it  began  to  storm  and 

rain,  and  a  ghost  approached  Kibi's  room.  Magically 
hiding  himself  wholly  from  the  ghost's  sight,  Kibi 
asked  the  spirit,  '  What  are  you  who  come  near 
me,  the  minister  sent  by  the  august  emperor  of 
Japan  ? '  The  ghost  replied,  '  1  am  Japanese 
minister  too,  and  shall  be  exceedingly  glad  to  talk 

with  you.' As  soon  as  he  was  let  in  the  ghost 

.said,  'I  was  a  minister  sent  to  China,  and  have  been 


anxious  but  unable  to  learn  if  my  descendants  of 
the  Abe  clan  are  still  flourishing  in  Japan.  Every 
time  I  appear  in  this  room  to  obtain  news  of 

Japan  there    is  nobody  but  dies  frightened.' 

Then  Kibi  narrated  to  him  seven  or  eight  names  of 
his  descendants,  together  with  their  ranks,  offices, 
and  present  conditions.  The  spirit  was  very 
pleased,  and  offered  to  tell  Kibi  all  the  secrets  of 
China  in  return." 

KUMAGUSU  MlXAKATA. 
Mount  Nachi,  Kii,  Japan. 

DOLORES,  MUSICAL  COMPOSER  (10th  S.  i.  107). 
— Sir  Walter  Parratt  informs  me,  "  on  the 
best  authority,"  that  the  name  Dolores  is 
in  no  way  connected  with  her  late  Majesty 
Queen  Victoria.  J.  S.  SHEDLOCK. 

Speaking  from  personal  acquaintance,  I 
can  say  no  to  MR.  MOORE'S  query. 

HAROLD  MALET,  Colonel. 

Miss  Dickson — the  sister  of  Major,  after- 
wards General  Sir  Collingwood  Dickson, 
V.C. — composed  and  published  several  songs, 
"the  poetry  by  Longfellow,  the  music  by 
Dolores,"  and  I  believe  she  composed  other 
pieces  under  the  same  name.  I  often  heard 
her  play  and  sing  the  songs  in  the  early 
fifties,  before  the  Crimean  War.  J.  S.  D. 

I  believe  the  lady  who  wrote  songs  under 
this  name  to  have  been  Miss  Dickson,  the 
invalid  sister  of  General  Sir  Collingwood 
Dickson.  I  had  my  information  from  her 
late  sister-in-law  about  1887.  A.  M.  M. 

This  was  the  pen-name  of  Ellen  Dickson, 
daughter  of  Sir  Alexander  Dickson,  born  at 
Woolwich  in  1819.  See  Brown  and  Stratum's 
'  British  Musical  Biography,'  1897,  s.v.  'Dick- 
son.'  J.  HOLDEN  MAcMlCHAEL. 

MARLBOROUGH  AND  SHAKESPEARE  (10th  S.  i. 
127). — I  have  always  imagined  that  Marl- 
borough's  avowal  concerning  his  indebted- 
ness to  Shakespeare  for  all  the  history  he 
knew  was  a  common  saying  with  the  duke, 
and  not  one  peculiar  to  any  special  occasion. 
The  apophthegm  occurs,  I  suppose,  in  the 
'  Memoirs,'  written  by  the  indefatigable 
Archdeacon  Coxe.  Prof.  George  Saintsbury, 
in  his  ' Marlborough '  ("English  Worthies," 
1888,  p.  4),  remarks  that  this 

"is  another  of  the  anecdotes  which  only  dulness 
takes  literally.  The  son  of  the  author  of  'Divi 
Britannici'  is  nearly  certain  to  have  received 
historical  instruction  from  the  author  of  that  work, 
though  if  Shakespeare's  teaching  stuck  in  his 
memory  better,  it  is  not  to  his  discredit.  The 
story,  however,  is  of  some  value  as  illustrating  the 
baselessness,  easily  proved  from  other  sources,  of 
a  notion — often  put  forward  in  vulgar  histories  of 
literature  and  the  stage — that  Shakespeare  was 
forgotten  in  England  during  the  last  half  of  the 
seventeenth  century." 


178 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io<»  s.  i.  F*B.  27,  loo*. 


In  either  case  Corporal  John,  who  made 
so  much  history  on  his  own  account,  must 
have  learnt  more  of  his  country's  past 
achievements  than  many  English  boys  do 
to-day.  Sir  Winston  Churchill's  book, 
referred  to  above,  which  Ayas  published  in 
1675,  and  dedicated  to  the  king,  purported  to 

g've  some  account  of  "  the  Lives  of  all  the 
ings  of  this  Isle,  from  the  year  of  the 
World  2855  until  the  year  of  Grace  1660." 
It  moreover  contained  the  arms  of  all  the 
kings  of  England,  which,  Wood  somewhat 
unkindly  says,  "  made  it  sell  among  novices." 

A.  E.  BAYLEY. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 
Great  Masters.    With  Introduction  and  Notes  by 

Sir  Martin  Conway.    Parts  V.,  VI.,  VII.,  VIII. , 

IX.    (Heinemann.) 

SINCE  our  last  notice  of  this  most  brilliant  and 
artistic  series  of  reproductions  of  the  masterpieces 
in  the  great  public  and  private  collections  (see 
9th  S.  xii.  479)  five  further  parts,  maintaining  the 
same  standard  of  artistic  eminence,  have  been 
issued.  It  has  already  been  said  that  each  plate 
is  in  itself  a  gem,  and  •worthy  of  the  place  to  be 
assigned  it  in  a  portfolio  or  a  frame,  while  the 
set  will  form,  when  complete,  a  noteworthy  feature 
in  any  collection  of  works  of  art.  So  marvellous 
is  the  advance  in  art  that  process  reproductions, 
at  which  the  connoisseur  was  wont  to  look 
askance,  are  now  gratefully  accepted.  By  no 
other  agency  would  it  be  possible  for  the  man  of 
moderate  means  to  possess  a  collection  of  illustra- 
tions that  enables  him  at  his  leisure  virtually  to 
saunter  through  a  great  and  priceless  gallery. 

Part  V.  opens  with  Reynolds's  often-engraved 
portrait  of  Lady  Ann  Bingham,  from  Lord  Spencer's 
collection,  exhibited  in  1786,  a  half-length  com- 
panion to  that  of  her  sister  Lady  Spencer.  In  the 
same  number  are  Rembrandt's '  Shepherds  Reposing,' 
from  the  National  Gallery,  Dublin ;  Van  Dyck's 
Lords  George  Digby  and  William  Russell,  also 
from  the  Spencer  Gallery ;  and  Raphael's '  Madonna 
in  the  Meadow,'  from  Vienna.  Of  these  the  most 
interesting,  though  not  the  greatest, is  the  "parade 
picture"  by  Van  Dyck,  a  triumph  of  aristocratic 
swagger  and  artistic  beauty.  Another  Van  Dyck 
of  exquisite  beauty  is  the  portrait  of  Maria  Luigia 
de  Tassis,  from  Prince  Liechtenstein's  gallery, 
Vienna,  which  Sir  Martin  calls  "  one  of  the  loveliest 
as  well  as  the  most  convincingly  human"  of  the 
master's  portraits.  Like  other  works  of  the  Flemish 
period,  it  is  painted  wholly  by  himself  without  the 
aid  of  assistants.  From  the  same  gallery,  and  also 
in  Part  VI.,  appear  'The  Man  with  the  Sword'  of 
Frans  Hals ;  Gainsborough's  '  Miss  Haverfield,'  from 
the  Wallace  Collection ;  and  a  '  Fete  Champetre ' 
of  Watteaii,  from  the  National  Gallery  of  Scotland, 
Edinburgh,  the  last  a  superb  specimen  of  the  great 
eighteenth-century  master. 

From  the  Prado,  Madrid,  comes  Titian's  equestrian 
portrait  of  Charles  V.,oneof  the  world'sgreat  master- 
pieces, which,  however,  has  had  to  undergo  restora- 
tion. Included  with  it  in  Part  VII.  are '  The  Cannon 
Shot'  of  Willem  van  de  Velde  the  younger  (Rijks 


Museum,  Amsterdam),  Mabuse's  'Adoration  of 
the  Magi '  (Lord  Carlisle's  collection),  and  Rubens' s 
'Albert  and  Nicholas  Rubens'  (Prince  Liechten- 
stein). The  Hermitage  Gallery,  St.  Petersburg, 
supplies  Rembrandt's  '  Portrait  of  a  Polish  Noble' 
(PartVIlL),  and  the  Berlin  Museum  'The  Duetr 
of  Gerard  Terborch  and  '  The  Vision  of  St.  Anthony 
of  Padua '  of  Murillo.  Morland's  '  At  the  Door  of 
the  Dolphin '  is  from  a  picture  in  the  possession  of 
Mr.  Arthur  Sanderson.  '  The  Artist  in  his  Studio,' 
by  Vermeer,  in  Part  IX.,  comes  from  a  private  collec- 
tion in  Vienna,  and  Carpaccio's  '  St.  Ursula's  Dream  ' 
from  the  Accademia,  Venice.  The  Haarlem  Museum 
supplies  a  remarkable  specimen  of  Jan  de  Bray, 
and  the  Prado,  Madrid,  the  equestrian  portrait  by 
Velasquez  of  the  Infante  Don  Balthazar  Carlos, 
originally  in  the  royal  palace  of  Buen  Retiro.  These 
various  works,  constituting  a  collection  in  them- 
selves, are  all  produced  in  a  style  which  has  never 
been  surpassed— never,  indeed,  in  its  line  equalled. 
It  will  be  satisfactory  to  many  subscribers  to  learn 
that  a  specially  designed  frame,  called  the  Great 
Masters'  frame,  which  will  present  a  continuous 
change  of  pictures,  is  issued  by  the  publisher,  with 
hinged  and  dust-proof  back.  This  meets  the  only 
difficulty  that  confronts  the  possessor,  that  of  ex- 
hibiting them  in  a  convenient  form  without  running 
the  risk  of  damage.  With  the  utmost  care  there 
is  always  some  danger  of  designs  of  the  dimensions- 
of  those  supplied  undergoing  injury.  A  strong 
binding,  even,  scarcely  meets  the  difficulty,  as- 
several  volumes  would  necessarily  be  required. 

Hierurgia  Anglicana.    Edited  by  Vernon  Staley. 

Part  II.  (De  La  More  Press. ) 
THE  second  part  of  the  new  edition  of  this  litur- 
gical work,  now  issued  with  revisions  and  con- 
siderable enlargements  by  Provost  Staley,  will  have 
more  interest  than  the  first  for  the  antiquarian 
and  general  reader,  inasmuch  as  it  treats  of  sundry 
church  customs,  which  border  on  the  region  of 
popular  antiquities  and  folk  -  lore.  Processions, 
postures  of  worship,  funeral  customs,  and  church 
decorations  are  among  the  subjects  which  are 
illustrated  by  a  multifarious  gathering  of  quota- 
tions from  old  authors,  whether  friendly  or  (more 
generally)  hostile  to  the  observances  discussed. 
More  than  half  the  extracts  are  additional  matter 
now  provided  by  the  editor,  and  even  these  might 
be  indefinitely  increased  by  further  research. 

It  appears  from  the  churchwardens'  accounts- 
here  cited  that  incense,  when  used  in  churches  in- 
post-Reformation  times,  was  almost  always  for  the 
purpose  of  fumigation  and  disinfecting,  or,  as  the 
phrase  went,  "to  air  the  chapel."  It  is  significant 
that  it  was  frequently  employed  at  funerals  and  in 
times  of  pestilence.  The  materials  used  for  the 
purpose  of  censing  were  curiously  miscellaneous, 
juniper,  pack-thread  (!),  and  tobacco  among  the 
number.  Thus  at  Houghton  le  Spring,  1636,  the 
churchwardens  paid  "For  picke  and  tare  [pitch 
and  tar]  to  smoke  the  church,  I*1."  (p.  178) ;  and  at 
Loughborough,  1644,  "for  dressing  the  church  after 
the  souldiers  and  for  frankincense  to  sweeten  it, 
•2s.  4r/."  (p.  180).  A  little  later  Dr.  Sherlock  "  found 
such  an  insufferable  stench  in  the  church  from  the 
dogs  and  swine  that  had  frequented  it  that  he  was 
obliged  to  order  frankincense  to  be  burned  the  day 
before  the  solemnity  that  his  congregation  might  nob 
be  discomposed  by  such  an  unexpected  nuisance  " 
(p.  181) ;  but  his  sanitary  zeal  only  won  for  him  the 
title  of  Papist.  The  editor  points  out  that  even 


w*  s.  i.  FEE.  27,  low.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


179- 


in  the  Roman  Church  "  the  so-called  '  liturgical 
use'  of  incense  was  unknown  until  the  tenth  cen- 
tury." 

The  book  is  very  carefully  and  handsomely 
printed  ;  but  we  wonder  what  meaning  Mr.  Staley 
attaches  to  the  words  "ringing  the  bells'  anker,  as 
though  there  had  been  a  scare-fire  "  (p.  267),  which 
he  quotes  from  Gurton's  '  History  of  the  Church  of 
Peterborough.'  Whoever  is  responsible  for  it,  this 
is  an  obvious  misprint  for  "  ringing  the  bells  auke," 
or  aukert  (awkward),  the  old  phrase  for  ringing 
them  backwards,  or  in  the  wrong  direction,  which 
is  still  used  in  East  Anglia  when  an  alarm  of  fire  is 
given. 

'  THE  HISTORY  OF  THE  BRITISH  ARMY,'  by  Col. 
E.  M.  Lloyd,  in  the  Quarterly  Review  for  January, 
is  an  important  paper  written  on  modern  lines,  but 
perhaps  not  sufficiently  detailed  as  to  the  earlier 
centuries,  for  when  all  is  allowed  for  the  develop- 
ments of  modern  days  it  will  be  admitted,  we 
imagine,  by  any  one  conversant  with  the  facts  that 
the  army  of  this  country  differs  in  origin  and  his- 
tory from  that  of  continental  states  in  being  a  far 
more  direct  growth  from  the  levies  of  the  Middle 
Ages.  The  standing  army  is  an  institution  of  rela- 
tively modern  date  ;  but  we  cannot  point  to  any 
period  when  our  military  force  was  a  new  thing. 
It  is  stated  on  very  high  authority  that  during  the 
Caroline  civil  war  the  number  of  men  on  each  side 
was  from  sixty  to  seventy  thousand,  and  this  is 
thought  to  have  been  about  three  per  cent,  of  the 
population.  It  is  difficult  to  accept  so  high  an 
estimate.  There  are  no  trustworthy  data  on  which 
to  base  a  calculation  of  the  population  of  England 
between  the  years  1642  and  1660.  Our  own  opinion 
is  that  it  has  been  usually  greatly  underrated.  We 
admit,  of  course,  that  the  cities  and  large  towns 
were  much  smaller  than  they  are  now,  though  they 
were  for  the  most  part  densely  crowded,  but  the 
villages,  so  far  as  we  can  ascertain,  had  in  many 
cases  a  larger  population  than  they  have  at  present. 
Mr.  W.  C.  D.  Whetham's  article  on  '  Matter  and 
Electricity'  is  striking.  It  would  have  perturbed 
not  a  little  the  minds  of  the  few  who  were  wont  to 
speculate  on  the  ultimate  nature  of  things  but  a 
few  years  ago.  What,  for  example,  would  our  grand- 
fathers have  thought  of  a  passage  like  this  ?  "  Mass, 
or  inertia,  is  the  most  constant  and  permanent 
characteristic  property  of  matter ;  and  haying  ex- 
plained mass  as  due  to  electricity  in  motion,  the 
physicist  may  well  ask  the  metaphysical  question, 
Has  matter  any  objective  reality  ?  may  not  its  very 
essence  be  but  a  form  of  disembodied  energy?" 
The  people  who  blundered  so  strenuously  over 
Berkeley  s  teaching  regarding  "  substance,  going 
so  far  as  to  call  in  question  his  honesty,  or  even 
his  sanity,  would  have  been  not  a  little  furious  at 
suggestions  such  as  this.  They  would  have  said 
that  words  were  used  in  senses  which  conveyed  no 
meaning  whatever  to  the  normal  understanding,  if, 
indeed,  they  had  been  content  to  restrain  them- 
selves from  launching  forth  into  mere  ignorant  vitu- 
peration. The  Rev.  M.  Kaufmann's  '  Que  scais-je ' 
is  an  admirable  account  of  the  influence  which 
Montaigne  has  exercised  over  the  centuries  which 
have  succeeded  him.  It  has,  we  are  sure,  been  far 
greater  than  is  generally  understood.  Many  men 
who  have  never  read  a  word  of  his  writings,  either 
in  the  original  or  our  own  vernacular,  have  had 
their  minds  impressed  by  ideas  which  he  was  the 
first  to  make  popular.  In  the  turbulent  days  in 


which  Montaigne  flourished — and,  so  far  as  we  can' 
see,  lived  a  peaceful  and  contented  life — it  is  not 
a  little  surprising  that  he  did  not  suffer  in  person 
or  estate  for  the  latitude  of  his  opinions.  We  do- 
not  believe  he  was  consciously  a  timeserver,  and 
he  assuredly  had  no  sympathy  whatever  with  the 
violent  thoughts  and  actions  of  the  Calvinists  ; 
but,  on  the  other  hand,  even  without  reading 
between  the  lines,  we  may  conclude  that  he  had 
but  little  sympathy  with  the  established  forms  of 
belief,  though  it  is  probable  that  he  preferred  the 
old  methods  of  worship  to  anything  which  the  men 
of  reforming  zeal  were  likely  to  introduce  as  a 
substitute  for  them.  He  was  a  child  of  the  Renais- 
sance ;  indeed,  one  of  the  most  distinguished  orna- 
ments of  its  later  period  ;  but  that  great  revival 
of  knowledge  did  not  produce  in  him  violence  of 
speech  or  action.  At  a  time  when  most  men, 
whether  of  the  old  way  of  thinking  or  the  new, 
could  see  nothing  beyond  the  smoke  of  the  pit  over- 
clouding the  camp  of  their  enemies,  he  had  realized 
the  virtue  of  tolerance ;  not,  indeed,  worked  out 
on  logical  principles,  but  the  result  of  much  the 
same  processes  of  thought  as  delight  us  in  More's 
'  Utopia.'  We  have  in  '  The  Latest  Lights  on  the 
Homeric  Question'  a  well-considered  study  of  a 
very  old  subject.  ^Ve  cannot  accept  all  the  writer's 
criticisms.  We  think,  however,  that  the  portion 
devoted  to  the  '  Odyssey '  is  just,  and  nearly  always 
accurate.  We  cannot  say  so  much  for  the  earlier 
pages,  in  which  the  genesis — or  perhaps  we  should 
say  the  growth— of  the  'Iliad  is  treated.  The 
notion  that  Homer  may  have  "  composed  variations 
on  his  own  theme"  is,  we  believe,  contrary  to  the 
manner  in  which  poetry,  alike  early  and  mediaeval, 
has  been  produced.  '  The  Metric  System  of  Weights 
and  Measures,' '  Some  Tendencies  of  Modern  Sport,' 
and  '  Mr.  Creevey  and  his  Contemporaries'  are  well 
worth  reading. 

WE  regret  to  hear  of  the  death  of  CAPT.  THORNE 
GEORGE,  whose  contributions  have  been  pleasantly 
conspicuous  during  recent  volumes.  We  are  with- 
out biographical  particulars. 

MR.  JOHN  S.  FARMER  issues  a  first  list  of  plays 
intended  to  fill  up  the  gaps  in  our  collected  editions 
of  Tudor  dramatists,  which  he  proposes  to  print  by 
subscription  should  adequate  support  be  accorded. 
The  scheme  has  long  commended  itself  to  us  and 
been  advocated  by  us.  Twelve  volumes  in  all,  the 
first  of  which  will  deal  with  John  Heywood,  are 
projected.  Should  these  be  successful,  a  second 
series  will  follow.  Particulars  may  be  obtained 
through  booksellers  or  from  the  Early  English 
Drama  Society,  18,  Bury  Street,  W.C. 

UNDER  the  direction  of  the  Royal  Society  of 
Literature  Mr.  Henry  Frowde  is  about  to  publish 
two  interesting  works.  One  is  the  '  Chronicles  of 
Adam  of  Usk,'  edited,  with  a  translation  and  notes,, 
by  Sir  E.  Maunde  Thompson.  This  contains  the 
complete  chronicle  from  1377  to  1421.  The  unique 
British  Museum  MS.,  from  which  the  same  editor 
prepared  an  edition  in  1876,  was  imperfect,  ending 
with  the  year  1404  and  lacking  the  concluding 
quire;  and  this  was  recently  found  among  the 
l)uke  of  Rutland's  papers  at  Belvoir  Castle.  The 
other  book  is  '  Queen  Elizabeth  and  the  Levant 
Company,'  the  history  of  a  diplomatic  and  literary 
episode  of  the  establishment  of  our  trade  with 
Turkey,  edited  by  the  Rev.  H.  G.  Rosedale,  D.D., 
with  many  facsimile  illustrations. 


180 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [10*  s.  i.  FEB.  27, 1004. 


BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES. 

PLEASANT  it  is  to  leave  the  daily  press  for  a  while, 
•with  its  accounts  of  wars  and  rumours  of  wars, 
and  quietly  to  turn  over  the  pages  of  these  new 
catalogues. 

Mr  Cleaver,  of  Bath,  has  the  original  issue  of 
Punch,  1841-1902,  257.  ;  '  The  Royal  Military  Chro- 
nicle '  1811-15,  with  portraits,  21.  10s.  ;  '  The  Battle 
Abbey  Roll,'  1889 ;  '  Costumes,'  1802-18,  6  vols. ; 
Shelley's  '  Essays,'  Moxon,  1840 ;  several  sets  of  the 
'  Antiquarian  Itinerary ' ;  and  a  number  of  works 
on  Somerset,  Hampshire,  Berkshire,  and  Scotland. 

From  Mr.  Dobell's  good  general  list  we  pick  out 
the  following:— A  folio  Shakespeare,  1351.,  Thos. 
€otes  for  Robert  Allot,  1632:  Fleay's  'London 
Stage';  'Omar  Khayyam,'  Edward  FitzGerald's 
fourth  (and  final)  version,  41.  4s.,  1879  ;  FitzGerald's 
'Poems,'  31.  3s.,  presentation  copy;  FitzGerald's 
'  Literary  Remains,'  Edition  de  luxe,  41.  4s.  ;  Cole- 
ridge's paper  the  Friend,  Nos.  1  to  27  (all  pub- 
lished), and  '  The  Plot  Discovered,'  original  edition, 
very  rare  ;  '  Dr.  Syntax  in  Paris,'  1820  ;  and  '  Life  of 
Blake,'  first  edition. 

We  have  from  Mr.  Francis  Edwards  one  of  his 
•"  short  lists,"  in  which  we  find  Adam's  work  on 
'Architecture'  (1778-1822),  price  Wl.  10s.;  'New 
France,'  by  Charlevoix,  translated  by  Dr.  Shea ; 
Dumas's  'Celebrated  Crimes,'  8  vols.,  1895;  Flet- 
cher's '  English  and  Foreign  Bookbindings ';  Foster's 
•*  Miniature  Painters ' ;  Garnier's  '  Soft  Porcelain  of 
Sevres ' ;  Perrot  and  Chipiez's  '  History  of  Ancient 
Art';  Roberts's' Memorials  of  Christie's';  Racinet's 
'Le  Costume  Historique,'20£.  ;  and  'Fauna  Japo- 
nica'  (Leyden,  1833-50),  371.  10s. 

Messrs.  George's  Sons,  of  Bristol,  have  a  list  in 
eluding  Dr.  Grosart's  private  issues,  works  on 
ceramics,  architecture,  and  drama. 

Mr.  Charles  Higham's  catalogue  dated  the  20th 
inst.  contains  a  large  collection  of  theological  works, 
those  specially  Roman  Catholic  occupying  eighteen 
pages. 

Mr.  Macphail,  of  Edinburgh,  has  a  first  edition 
of  Kay's  '  Original  Portraits,  1837.  This  is  a  good 
sound  copy  and  contains  upwards  of  400  portraits, 
price  41.  17s.  Qd.  There  is  also  Nisbet's  '  Heraldry,' 
in  perfect  condition,  11.  15s. ;  this  has  the  full 
complement  of  the  rare  53  large  full-page  plates. 
Slezer's  'Theatrum  Scotise,'  1814,  a  very  choice 
copy,  is  6  guineas.  A  complete  set  of  the  Pro- 
ceedings of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Scotland, 
from  its  commencement  in  1851  to  1900,  34  vols. ,  is 
1W.  10s. ;  &ndArchceologia,hom  1800  to  1844,  21. 15s. 
There  are  also  many  interesting  items  classed  as 
Jacobite,  Edinburgh,  Highland,  Occult,  &c. 

Messrs.  Maggs,  of  the  Strand,  have  a  list  of 
engraved  portraits  and  decorative  engravings  in 
mezzotint,  stipple,  and  line. 

Messrs.  James  Rimell  &  Son  have  an  interesting 
catalogue  of  engravings  after  many  well-known 
artists,  including  Lawrence,  Reynolds,  Morland, 
and  Stothard,  also  chromolithographs  by  the 
Arundel  Society,  at  low  prices. 

Messrs.  Sotheran's  list  is  dated  the  10th.  In  this 
the  Times  reprint  of  the  '  Encyclopaedia  Britannica ' 
is  offered  for  21/.,  35  vols.,  including  index,  as  new. 
A  note  informs  us  that  the  Time*  cash  price  is  511. 
net.  Another  copy  is  to  be  had  for  267.  This  is 
half-morocco  extra.  The  Times  price  for  this  is 
given  at  191.  net.  We  notice  a  copy  of  Pickering's 


exquisite  Diamond  Edition  of  Shakespeare,  9  vols., 
48mo,  calf  extra,  1825,  3?.  3s. ,  scarce.  The  catalogue 
also  includes  a  choice  set,  to  1897,  of  the  Shropshire 
Archaeological  Society's  Transactions,  201.  ;  Alesius, 
'  Responsio  ad  Cochlaei  Calumnias,'  16/.  16s.  (this 
is  excessively  rare,  and  there  is  no  copy  in  the 
British  Museum) ;  and  Transactions  of  the  Biblical 
Archaeological  Society,  21  vols.  A  large  portion  of 
the  catalogue  is  devoted  to  works  on  theology  and 
philosophy,  some  of  them  very  rare.  Under 
Political  and  Social  Economy  we  find  John  Bright, 
Canning,  Cobden,  Grattan  ;  the  Economic  Journal, 
13  vols.  ;  Mayhew's  '  London  Labour  and  the  Lon- 
don Poor ' ;  an  extensive  collection  of  '  Remarkable 
Trials,'  68  vols.,  1757-1857,  55^.  General  Literature 
includes  Milton's  '  Paradise  Lost,'  the  rare  first 
edition,  S.  Simmons,  1668,  30/.  ;  Stow's  '  London,' 
1720,  and  another  copy,  1754-5;  George  Smith's 
'  Household  Furniture,'  1808,  very  scarce ;  Bon  Ton 
Magazine,  6  vols.,  1818-21 ;  the  first  English  trans- 
lation of  Seneca,  1581,  very  rare,  11. 10s. ;  a  choice 
copy  of  Stirling-Maxwell's  '  Annals  of  the  Artists 
of  Spain,'  first  edition,  1848 ;  '  Life  of  Stothard,' 
with  personal  reminiscences,  by  Mrs  Bray,  200 
engravings,  1851 ;  Thackeray's  '  \7anity  Fair,'  first 
edition,  1848,  scarce,  67. 15s. ;  Tuer's  '  History  of  the 
Hornbook ';  and  '  The  Turner  Gallery,'  1859-61.  Not 
the  least  interesting  item  is  Charles  Molloy  West- 
macott's  'The  English  Spy,'  1825-6,  2  vols.,  bound 
in  crushed  crimson  Levant  morocco  extra  by 
Riviere,  301. 

Mr.  Winter,  Charing  Cross  Road,  has  a  collection 
of  Latin,  French,  and  Italian  MSS.  among  his  recent 
purchases.  His  catalogue  contains  a  good  general 
list — among  other  items,  first  edition  of  Ingoldsby  ; 
'  The  Social  Day,'  by  Peter  Cox,  with  water-colour 
painting  on  the  fore  edges ;  '  Martin  Chuzzlewit,' 
first  edition,  &c. 


to 

We  tmist  call  apecial  attention  to  the  following 
notices  :— 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "  Duplicate." 

J.  B.  McGovERX  ("Gates").— Cates= things  pro- 
vided by  the  catoiir  (caterer),  which  is  short  for 
acatour,  a  buyer,  cf.  French  acheter,  according  to 
Prof.  Skeat,  '  Concise  Etymological  Dictionary ' 
(1901). 

NOTICR. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries ' "—Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
lisher"—at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  E.C. 


10*  s.  i.  FEB.  27, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 
BOOKSELLERS'    CATALOGUES    (FEBRUARY). 


A.  RUSSELL  SMITH, 

24,  GREAT  WINDMILL  STREET,  LONDON,  W. 
(Close  to  Piccadilly  Circus). 

OLD  ENGLISH   LITERATURE, 

TOPOGRAPHY,  GENEALOGY,    TRACTS,   PAM- 
PHLETS,  and  OLD  BOOKS  on  many  Subjects. 

ENGRAVED  PORTRAITS  AND  COUNTY 
ENGRAVINGS. 

CATALOGUES  post  free. 


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CATALOGUE  OF  EARLY  PRINTED  AND 
OTHER  INTERESTING  BOOKS,  MANU- 
SCRIPTS, AND  BINDINGS. 

Part  VI.,  containing  N— Q,  with  about  150  Illustrations, 

price  2s.  (nearly  ready). 
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Farts  III.— V.,  D— M,  with  380  Illustrations  in  Facsimile, 

price  2s.  each. 

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Containing  a  Selection  of  Books  from  the  Strawberry  Hill, 

Kelmscott,  and  other  famous  Presses. 

RARE  FIRST  EDITIONS  OF  THE  WRITINGS  OF  LA.MB, 
SHELLEY,    BYRON,    "WORDSWORTH,   COLERIDGE,    and    other 

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OP  AN  INTERESTING  ASSEMBLAGE  OF 

SECOND-HAND   THEOLOGICAL  BOOKS, 

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Schools  of  Thought  (see  pp.  2-30) :  those  specifically  Roman 
Catholic  being  collected  upon  pp.  31  to  49,  wherein  will  be 
found  many  important  English  Books  printed  abroad,  with 
other  rarities  of  Historical  and  Antiquarian  interest:  the 
whole  being  supplemented  by  a  short  List  of  New  Books  at 
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10<"  S.  I.  MARCH  5,  1904.]  NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


181 


LONDOX,  SATURDAY,  MARCH  5,  190.',. 


CONTENTS. -No.  10. 

NOTES  :—  Dantoiana,  181— "Silly  Billy."  183— Bibliography 
of  Publishing  and  Bookselling,  184— Robert  Boyle  on  the 
Bible,  18H— Japanese  Names— Genealogy  :  New  Sources— 
"  Auncell "— Hockday  :  Pottage  called  Hok— Mrs.  Qaskell's 
'  Sylvia's  Lovers,"  187. 

QUERIES  :—  Latin  Quotations  —  Paolo  Avitabile,  188  — 
Charles  the  Bold— Admiral  Byug— Miss  Lewen  and  Wesley 

—  Schoolmasters  —  Thomas  Goodwin,   D.D.— Verses  on 
Women  —  "Bridge":  Us  Derivation  —  CuplahiUs —  "Old 
Eugimid" — Thackeray  Quotation,  189 — Webster's  'Basque 
Legends '  —  Harepath  —  Quotations  —  Peun's  '  Fruits  of 
Solitude,'  190. 

BEPLIBS  :  -Tideswelland  Tideslow,  190— Earl  of  Egremont, 
192  —  Glowworm  or  Firefly—'  Merry  Thoughts  in  a  Sad 
Place'—"  My  Lord  the  Sun"— Fellows  of  the  Clover  Leaf 
— '  The  Oxford  English  Dictionary '  —  Fictitious  Latin 
Plurals —  "  King  of  Patterdale  "—  Football  on  Shrove 
Tuesday— Sleeping  King  Arthur—"  Quice,"  194— Honour 
of  Tutbury — Milestones — Breaking  Glass  at  Jewish  Wed- 
dings— "Travailler  pour  le  Rui  de  Prusse" — "  Cockshut 
time,"  195— Torch  and  Taper— Epitaph  at  Doncaster,  196— 
Son  of  Napoleon  I.— Raleigh's  Head — "  Coup  de  Jarnac  " 
— Hundred  Courts,  197  —  Chauceriana  —  Guide  to  Manor 
Bolls— A.  <\  Swinburne— Court  Posts  under  Stuart  Kings 

—  Book  Collectors  —  Records  of  Mount  Grace  —  William 
Hartley— Foscarinus,  198. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  : -Hakluyt's  '  Navigations'  — Solon's 
'Old  English  Porcelain' — Treasure's  'Breton  Grammar' 
— Wheatley's  'Gerrard  Street  and  Its  Neighbourhood' — 
'  William  Savory  of  Brightwalton.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


Sri**. 

DANTEIANA. 
1.  'lNF.,'xiv.  96:— 

Sotto  il  cui  rege  fu  gia  il  niondo  casto. 
Why  Mr.   Tozer  ('  English  Commentary,' 
p.  78)  has  rendered  casto  as  "innocent"  is 
not  easy  to  say.    I  note  the  rendering  in  no 
supercilious  spirit,  but  because  it  appears  to 
rue  to  be  as  farfetched  as  it  is  inaccurate. 
To  be  "chaste"  is  of  course  to  be  "inno- 
cent "  of  its  opposite  vice,  but  it  by  no  means 
implies    innocency    in    every    other    form. 
Dante's  thought  was  less  restricted,  and  evi- 
dently followed  Juvenal's  phrase  (Satire  vi.) : 
Credo  pudicitiam  Saturno  rege  moratam 
In  terris, 

which  Dryden  correctly  englished 

In  Saturn's  reign,  at  Nature's  early  birth, 
There  was  a  thing  call'd  chastity  on  earth. 

And  Gary  translates  Dante's  line  fairly  cor- 
rectly as 

Under  whose  monarch,  in  old  times,  the  world 
Lived  pure  and  chaste. 

Scartazzini  also  has  "  Rege :  Saturno.  Casto  : 
puro,  senza  vizj,"  and  refers  to  the  '  ^Eneid,' 
viii.  319  seq.,  where  we  read  that  Saturn 

Genus  indocile,  ac  dispersura  montibus  altis, 
Composuit,  legesque  dedit, 


and 

Sic  placida  populos  in  pace  regebat. 
I  am  aware  that,  as  Bianchi  says,  "  Casto 
pub  preudersi  anche  nel  senso  di  integro, 
innocente,  come  talvolta  presso  i  Latini "  ; 
but,  as  Lombardi  remarks,  "Saturno,  fu  il 
mondo  pudico.''  Precisely.  Saturn  was  the 
symbol,  not  of  an  innocent  world  generally, 
but  of  a  pure  one  in  particular.  His  age  was 
the  age  of  gold. 

2.  Ibid.,  126  :— 

Pur  a  sinistra  giu  calando  al  fondo. 

This  line  is  animadverted  upon  simply 
because,  as  Mr.  Tozer  well  observes,  "  the 
passage  is  an  important  one  as  bearing  on 
the  leftward  course  of  the  poets  through 
Hell,"  since,  as  he  remarks  on  'Inf.,'  ix.  132, 
"  its  allegorical  significance  is  that  the  forms 
of  sin  which  present  themselves  to  one  who 
descends  through  the  Circles  of  Hell  proceed 
from  worse  to  worse." 

For  manuscript  variants  of  the  line  the 
student  should  read  Dr.  Moore's  exhaustive 
examination  of  the  rival  claims  of  Pur  and 
Piu  ('Textual  Criticism,'  p.  307).  Piu  has  160 
supports,  while  Pur  reckons  only  59.  But 
there  can  be  no  hesitation  as  to  the  correct 
reading,  despite  Witte's  curious  advocacy  of 
Piu.  The  latter,  as  Dr.  Moore  rightly  says, 
"  has  little  or  no  point  at  all,  when  looked  into, 
though  the  expression  seems  so  plain  in  itself.  It 
would  also  miss  the  undoubted  symbolical  signi- 
ficance of  the  fact  here  mentioned,  which  is  that 
assigned  to  it  by  Buti,  'non  si  puo  scendere  nell' 
inferno  se  non  si  va  a  sinistra,  cioe  per  la  via  del 
vizi  significata  per  la  sinistra.'  " 

Other  variants  worth  noting  are  :  Pur  da 
sinistra  in  MS.  85  (Batines,  318),  in  Turin 
University  Library,  of  the  fifteenth  century, 
of  which  "  the  text  generally  is  a  very  poor 
one " ;  a  man  sinistra  in  F  MS.,  Bodleian, 
fifteenth  century  (Batines,  495),  "  full  of  bold 
and  original,  not  to  say  audacious,  changes," 
and  in  a  MS.  British  Museum  (Batines,  482), 
"a  beautifully  executed  MS.  on  vellum," 
probably  of  the  second  half  of  the  fifteenth 
century.  "Alia  man  destra"  occurs  'Inf.,' 
ix.  132,  which  may  possibly  have  misled  the 
copyist.  MS.  25  (Batines,  139)  has  Per  via 
sinistra,  in  the  Biblioteca  Puccardiana  at 
Florence,  "a  folio  MS.  on  vellum,  the  earlier 
part  of  which  is  very  clearly  and  well  written, 
and  looks  like  late  fourteenth  century."  Tu 
a  sinistra  is  given  by  MS.  54  (Batines,  329), 
a  Vatican  MS.  of  "latish  fourteenth  cen- 
tury," and  MS.  106  (Batines,  439)  in  the 
Bibliotheque  Nationale  at  Paris,  "a  very 
inferior  text,  full  of  peculiar  readings  and 
blunders,  about  the  middle  of  the  fifteenth 
century." 


182 


NOTES    AND    QUERIES.         [10»  S.  I.  MARCH  5,  WO*.- 


3.  Ibid.,  xv.  4  : — 
Quale  i  Fiamminghi  tra  Guizzante  e  Bruggia. 

An  unusually  attractive  discussion  owes  its 
l)irth  to  this  line  ;  and,  as  with  the  Irish 
Round  Towers,  finality  is  not  yet  reached. 
Guizzante  is  still  in  search  of  its  (Edipus, 
though  MR.  J.  G.  ALGER  posed  as  such  in 
these  columns  (8lh  S.  ii.  101),  somewhat  over- 
con  fid  en  tly,  thus  : — 

"  Guzzante,  says  Mr.  Gladstone  [Nineteenth  Cen- 
tury, June,  1892],  according  to  the  commentators, 

is  Wissant,  near  Calais Butis  Guzzante  Wissant? 

An  embankment  from  Bruges  to  Wissant  would 
have  been  at  least  a  hundred  and  twenty  miles  in 
length,  a  gigantic  work,  utterly  inconceivable  in 
the  fourteenth  century,  and  Dante  would  have  been 
guilty  of  an  anti-climax  in  adding  as  a  second 
simile  the  embankment  of  the  Brenta  at  Padua. 
No ;  Guzzante  is  Cadzand,  a  port  a  little  to  the 
north-east  of  Bruges ;  and  we  may  fancy  Dante 
there  comparing  the  German  Ocean  with  the 
tideless  Mediterranean.  The  Italian  form  was 
Cazzante,  and  Guzzante  is  probably  a  copyist's 
error.  The  commentators  who  misled  Mr.  Glad- 
stone cannot  have  looked  at  the  map." 
In  the  first  place,  so  self-confident  a  critic 
should  be  sure  of  his  ground.  Mr.  Gladstone 
does  not  write  of  Guzzante,  but  of  Guizzante — 
a  distinction  with  no  difference,  perhaps,  but 
one  that  makes  for  precision.  In  the  second, 
is  it  quite  certain  that  Guizzante  is  Cadzand  ? 
Is  it  also  equally  certain  that  Cazzante  is  the 
Italian  form  for  Cadzand  ?  MR.  ALGER  thinks 
so,  and  his  sureness  has  received  undue 
prominence  (as  I  think)  in  a  reference  by 
Scartazzini  in  his  '  Dantologia.'  But  the 
absence  of  proof  for  the  statement  is  as 
significant  as  is  the  ignoring  of  it  by  later 
writers.  Thus  Mr.  Tozer  (1901)  has  in  loco : — 

"  Guizzante :  Wissant,  a  town  between  Calais 
and  Cape  Gris  Nez ;  it  was  known  in  the  Middle 
Ages  as  the  starting-point  for  the  crossing  to  Eng- 
land. This  place  and  Bruges  mark  the  western  and 
eastern  lirilits  of  the  coast  of  Flanders,  as  known  to 
Dante  ;  so  the  general  meaning  is  '  on  the  Flemish 
coast.'  Bruges  is  used  roughly  here  for  the  coast  in 
its  neighbourhood,  since  it  lies  inland  from  Ostend." 

This  is  clear  and  definite  without  dogma- 
tism, though  possibly  beneath  MR.  ALGER'S 
notice.  Not  so,  however,  a  singularly  clear 
and  persuasive  article  by  Mr.  Paget  Toynbee 
in  the  Academy  of  10  December,  1892,  wherein 
he  marshals  a  goodly  array  of  authorities 
in  favour  of  the  identification  of  Guizzante 
with  Wissant.  "Guizzante,"  he  claims,  as 
fearlessly  as  MR.  ALGER  contends  for  Cadzand, 
"  is  the  undoubted  Italian  form  of  Wissant, 
proved  by  a  reference  to  Villani,  'Poi  ne 
venne  [Edw.  III.]  a  Guizzante'";  and, 
further,  the  identification  of  the  Italian 
Guizzante  with  Wissant  is  confirmed  by  the 
Provengal  form  Guissan,  by  the  OF.  Guit- 
sand  in  the  '  Chanson  de  Roland,'  the  striking 


variants  of  several  Anglo-Norman  poems, 
such  as  Wittsant,  Huitsand,  Wizant,  &c.,  and 
the  testimony  of  many  monastic  chronicles, 
early  and  mediaeval.  The  article  is  as  near 
an  approach  to  finality  as  it  is  possible  to 
achieve,  and  inferentially  vindicates  Mr. 
Gladstone  from  the  charge  of  being  "  misled 
by  the  commentators." 

But  here  MR.  ALGER  again  steps  into  the 
arena  with  discomfiting  result  (Academy 
14  January,  1893).  There  was  a  joint  in  his 
harness  which  Mr.  Toynbee  was  not  slow  to 
perceive,  the  former  being  "  misled "'  by  a 
misquotation  from  or  a  mistranslation  of  a 
passage  in  Benvenuto  da  Imola.  One  line 
from  Mr.  Toynbee's  rejoinder  (Academy,  21 
January,  1893)  will  explain  the  nature  of  the 
misleading  : — 

"Benvenuto  says  absolutely  nothing  about  the 
length  of  the  dyke  by  '  xy  milliaria  ' ;  he  simply 
says  that  the  tide  was  receding  15  miles." 

The  defeat  was  signal,  as  it  cut  the  heart  out 
of  MR.  ALGER'S  contention,  and  was  gallantly 
acknowledged  by  him  in  the  next  issue  of 
the  journal. 

Curiously  enough,  however,  Mr.  Toynbee  s 
own  armour  was  not  flawless,  for  his  assertion 
in  his  first  article  that  "  Cadzand  never  was. 
within  the  boundaries  of  Flanders — called 
Gaggante  in  Italian,"  was  rebutted  by  M. 
Paul  Fredericq  : — 

"  This  was  an  error  in  mediaeval  geography.  As 
a  matter  of  fact  Cadsand  was  situated  in  an  island 
belonging  to  the  county  of  Flanders  in  the  mouth 
of  the  river  Scheldt,  at  the  very  time  Dante  was- 
writing.  This  situation  remained,  the  same  till  the 
beginning  of  the  seventeenth  century." 

This  may  be,  but  it  in  no  wise  identifies 
Cadzand  with  Guizzante.  Nor  is  it  material 
whether  Cadzand  was  of  Flemish  or  any  other 
nationality.  Nor,  again,  whether  the  Italian 
for  it  be  Cazzante  or  Gaggante,  does  it  follow 
etymologically  that  Guizzante  is  signified. 
And,  further,  I  see  nothing  either  "absurd  " 
or  "inconceivable"  in  an  embankment  from? 
a  coast  point  opposite  Bruges  to  Wissant  in 
the  fourteenth  century,  even  though  the  line 
was  120  miles  in  length.  Dyke-building  was 
no  more  difficult  than  church-building,  and 
we  tolerably  well  know  what  the  latter  was 
in  the  Middle  Ages.  Besides,  if  it  was 

Sossible  to  construct  an  embankment  from- 
ruges  (or  "  the  coast  in  its  neighbourhood  ")• 
to  the  Scheldt,  it  would  be  equally  so  to 
continue  it  thence  to  Wissant.  As  a  matter 
of  fact,  as  Dean  Plumptre  observes  (note 
in  loco), 

"  Wiasant,  the  harbour  of  which  is  now  choked 
up  and  disused,  was  in  the  twelfth  and  thirteenth 
centuries  the  usual  port  of  embarcatio_n  for  England,, 
[and]  its  neighbourhood  abounds  in  remains  or 


10*  S.I.  MARCH  5,  1904.]          NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


183 


fortifications  and  embankments  raised  on  natural 
dunes." 

Finally,  where  the  anti-climax  exists  "in 
adding  as  a  second  simile  the  embankment 
of  the  Brenta  at  Padua"  I  fail  to  recognize. 
Quality  rather  than  quantity  was  in  Dante's 
thought  in  connexion  with  the  "duri  mar- 
gini,"  and  his  travels  furnished  him  with 
illustrations  of  it.  Either  reference  would 
have  served  his  purpose ;  both  are  given 
with,  presumably,  the  very  pardonable 
vanity  of  the  travelled  author.  The  claims 
of  Ghent  to  identity  with  Guizzante  are  too 
nebulous  for  serious  consideration.  Simi- 


of  either,  but  the  rather  a  deepening  of  their 
guilt,  to  admit  that  "the  events  are  partly 
invented  by  the  dramatists,  partly  his- 


torical";  that  * 
torical    Dante " 


our  Dante 
and    that 


is  not  the 
"Gemma 


his- 
is    a 


character  entirely  created  by  the  imagination 
of  the  dramatists,  who,  nevertheless,  are  not 
alone  in  giving  an  illegitimate  child  to  Dante, 
for  certain  critics,  rightly  or  wrongly,  have 
cast  doubts  on  the  legitimacy  of  Dante's 
daughter  Beatrice/'  And  it  is  from  the 
"doubts"  of  these  "certain  critics"  that  an 
unwarrantable  slander  is  made  "the  central1 
episode  of  the  drama."  Verily  these  dra- 


larly,  the  variants  Guzzante  =  Guizzante  are    matists  have  out-Boccaccioed  Boccaccio  !    It 
inconsiderable.    As    G rattan    said    of    the '  ' 
"  curosity  "  of  an  Irish  witness,  "The  word  is 
not  murdered  ;  only  its  eye  is  knocked  out." 
4.  Let  me— appropriately,  as  I  judge,  in 
this  column  —  lodge  an  indignant    protest 
against  the  slanderous  treatment  meted  out 
to  Dante  by  Sardou  and  Moreau  in  their 
joint  drama  bearing  his  name  and  staged 
last  year  in  London  and  Manchester.    I  have 
already  done  so  in  the  local  press,  and  have 

reaped    the    thanks    of    Bishop    Casartelli, 

Prof.  Valgimigli,  and  others.    The  play  itself 

I  have  not  seen,  but  I  gleaned  its  merits  (or 

rather  demerits)  from  various  critiques  and 

from  the  booklet  "presented  by  Sir  Henry 

Irving"  to   those  who  saw  it.    The   latter 

purports  to  be  "  some  explanatory  notes  by 

an  Italian  Student,"  and  is  divided  into 'A 

Note  on  the  Story,'  a  '  Synopsis  of  Dante's 

Life,' l  The  Symbolical  Conception  of  Sardou 

and  Moreau's  "  Dante," ' '  The  Central  Episode 

of  the  Drama,'  and  a  '  Prologue,'  containing 

'The  Episode  of  Count  Ugoliuo '  and  a  detailec 

synopsis  of  the  four  acts  of  the  play.     It  is 

in  the  first  and  fourth  of  these  chapters  that 

lie  the  venom  and  travesty  to  which  I  take 

indignant  exception.    Here  is  a  sample  of 

both  :— 

"  Ainong  the  girl  friends  of  Beatrice  was  one  Pia 

dei  Tolomei,  who  has  been  forced  into  a  loveless 

marriage  with  Nello  della  Pietra,  a  depraved  and 


ferocious  Florentine  magnate.  The  unhappy  young 
wife  has,  through  her  intimacy  with  Beatrice,  be- 
come acquainted  with  Dante,  and  at  the  death  of 
Beatrice  the  mutual  bereavement  of  the  two  has 
gradually  developed  into  an  ardent  mutual  love. 
During  Nello's  absence  on  affairs  of  state,  a  child, 
Gemma,  has  been  born  to  Pia  and  Dante." 

The  Pia  is,  of  course,  the  Pia  of  'Purg.,' 
v.  133  :— 

Ricorditi  di  me,  che  son  la  Pia  ; 
Siena  mi  fe',  disfecemi  Maremma  ; 

and  there  is  in  the  passage  quoted  a  sufficiency 
of 'truth  to  give  it  a  semblance  of  fact.  But 
the  calumny  and  perversion  of  history  are 
doubly  monstrous ;  and  it  is  no  justification 


is  sheer  trifling  with  common  honesty,  in  the 
face  of  such  allegations,  to  assert  boldly,  as 
'  Sardou  explained  in  an  interview,  '  There- 
is  more  of  the  soul  than  of  the  body  of  Dante 
in  our  drama.' "    There  is  vastly  too  much  of 
the  latter,  and  vastly  too  little  of  the  former, 
in  it.     As  for  the  facts  of  the  case,  the  only 
one  in  the  above  passage  which  approaches 
truth  is  the   relationship  between    Pia  and 
Nello.    But  of  the  friendship  between   Pia 
and  Beatrice,  and  still  less  of  the  guilty  inti- 
macy between  Pia  and  Dante,  no  shred  of 
historic  evidence  exists,   so  far  as  I   know. 
The  poet  was  ignorant,  as  Scartazzini  says — 
Dante  non  ne  sapeva  nulla  " — of  Pia's  mys- 
terious death  ;  that  he  was  equally  ignorant 
of  any  personal  acquaintance  with  her  in  life 
may  be  inferred  with  similar  certitude  from 
the  silence  of  history.    Further,  the  identifi 
cation  of  her  with  the  "Donna  Gentile"  of 
the  '  Convito '  and  '  Vita  Nuova '  is  as  arbi- 
trary as  it  is  baseless,  and  founded  only,  as 
the    playwrights    admit,    upon    a  wretched 
"play  on  words,"  the  "  bella  pietra"  of  the 
'  Canzoniere.'    I  hope  to  deal  with  this  Pia 
when   these  notes  reach    her  place    in    the 
'D.  C.';  meanwhile  let  this  much  be  said  here 
as  a  permanent  protest  against  this  recent 
attempt  to  besmirch   the  memories  of   the 
great  Florentine  and  the  hapless  Siennese. 
Such   pieces  as  Sardou's   'Dante'  not  only 


grossly  distort  history  and  sully  the  grandest 
of  characters,  but  they  are  not  calculated  to 
purify  the  stage— a  triple  indictment  which 
should  discredit  them  in  the  eyes  of  all  lovers 
of  historic  truth  and  moral  beauty. 

J.  B.  McGovERN. 
St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 


"SILLY  BILLY." 
(See  7th  S.  vi.  486.) 

ADMIRERS  of  the  '  D.N.B.'  and  of  the  late 
Sir  Leslie  Stephen  will  enjoy  an  article 
in  the  Atlantic  Monthly  for  December,  1903r 


184 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io»  s.  i.  MARCH  5,  im. 


in  which  he  has  some  interesting  things  to 
say  about  the  former.  Among  others  is  this 
(p.  755)  :- 

"The  correction  was  of  necessity  inadequate:  1 
•am  not  omniscient,  and  the  vast  sphere  of  my 
ignorance  includes  innumerable  matters  discussed 
in  the  dictionary.  A  book  of  which  it  is  the 
•essence  that  every  page  should  bristle  with  facts 
and  dates  is  certain  to  have  errors  by  the  thousand, 
•unless  it  should  be  supervised  by  a  staff  of  in- 
spectors beyond  all  possibilities." 
Those  accustomed  to  similar  investigations 
fully  realize  the  difficulties  in  the  way  of 
absolute  exactness,  and  no  doubt  the  uni- 
versal feeling  is  one  of  amazement  that  so 
vast  an  undertaking  should  yet  be  so  accu- 
rate. From  time  to  time  writers  have  pointed 
out  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  slips  that  have  crept  into 
the  '  D.N.B.'  May  I  ask  whether  a  slip  has 
not  been  made  as  to  the  person  to  whom  the 
sobriquet  of  "  Silly  Billy  "  was  given  1 

In  his  sketch  of  William  IV.  Prof.  J.  K. 
Laughton  wrote  (Ixi.  328) : — 

"  The  total  disregard  of  times  and  seasons  and 
the  feelings  or  prejudices  of  his  hearers  excited  an 
antagonism  which  took  its  revenge  in  nicknaming 
him  '  Silly  Billy.' " 

In  support  of  his  contention  that  Wil- 
liam IV.  was  Silly  Billy,  Prof.  Laughton 
would  be  able  to  cite  E.  C.  Brewer's  'Reader's 
Handbook'  (1880  and  1899),  where  we  read  : 
41  Silly  Billy,  William  IV.  (1765,  1830-1837)." 
On  the  other  hand,  in  H.  F.  Reddall's  '  Fact, 
Fancy,  and  Fable  '  (1889)  we  read  :  — 

"  Silly  Billy.— A  nickname  conferred  on  the  Duke 
of  Gloucester,  one  of  the  sons  of  George  III.,  on 
account  of  the  weakness  of  his  intellect. 

At  7th  S.  vi.  486  DR.  BREWER  pointed  out 
that  William  Frederick,  second  Duke  of 
•Gloucester,  was  a  son,  not  of  George  III., 
but  of  William  Henry,  first  Duke  of  Glou- 
cester, who  was  a  brother  of  George  III. 
Yet  DR.  BREWER  raised  no  objection  to  the 
application  of  the  epithet  "Silly  Billy"  to 
the  second  Duke  of  Gloucester.  On  the 
•contrary,  in  1891  he  inserted  in  his  '  Historic 
Note-Book '  the  following  :— 

"Silly  Billy. -I.  The  nickname  of  William  IV. 
of  Great  Britain,  sometimes  called  'The  Sailor 
King,'  because  he  was  Lord  High  Admiral  of  the 
Navy  (1765,  1830-1837). 

"  II.  William  Frederick,  Duke  of  Gloucester, 
•Chancellor  of  the  University  of  Cambridge.  He 
was  the  son  of  William  Henry,  a  younger  brother 
of  George  III.,  and  died  1&34.  He  married  his 
cousin  Mary,  a  daughter  of  George  III." 

There  is,  then,  uncertainty  as  to  whom  the 
sobriquet  of  "Silly  Billy"  properly  belongs. 
Other  authorities  may  therefore  be  cited. 
Writing  2  August,  1834,  the  Marquis  of 
Londonderry  said  :  "  Billy  of  Gloucester  was 
rather  for  Committee  "  (in  Duke  of  Bucking- 


ham's '  Memoirs  of  the  Courts  and  Cabinets 
of  William  IV.  and  Victoria,'  1861,  ii.  116). 
On  3  December,  1834,  Thomas  Raikes  made 
this  entry  in  his  '  Journal ' : — 

"  On  the  20th  [an  error  for  the  30th]  ultimo  died  at 
Bagshot  His  Royal  Highness  the  Duke  of  Gloucester. 

He  was  not  a    man  of   talent,  as    may  be 

inferred  from  his  nickname  of  silly  Billy."— Second 
edition,  1856,  i.  308. 

In  1861  or  1862  Capt.  Gronow  related  the 
following  anecdote  : — 

"  The  Duke  of  Gloucester. — His  Royal  Highness, 
who  was  in  the  habit  of  saying  very  ludicrous 
things,  asked  one  of  his  friends  in  the  House  of 
Lords,  on  the  occasion  when  William  IV.  assented 
to  Lord  Grey's  proposition  to  pass  the  Reform  Bill 
cofite  que  coiUe,  '  Who  is  Silly  Billy  now  ? '  This 
was  in  allusion  to  the  general  opinion  that  was 
prevalent  of  the  Royal  Duke's  weakness,  and  which 
had  obtained  for  him  the  sobriquet  of  'Silly  Billy.'" 
— 'Reminiscences,'  second  edition,  1862,  p.  229. 

This  story  has  been  repeated  in  'Collec- 
tions and  Recollections '  (1898),  p.  237  ;  in 
'  An  Onlooker's  Note-Book '  (1902),  p.  85  ;  and 
doubtless  elsewhere. 

In  1888  Mr.  W.  P.  Frith  introduced  an 
amusing,  but  possibly  apocryphal,  story  thus : 

"The  Duke  of  Gloucester,  one  of  the  sons  of 
George  ill.,  was  a  most  amiable  prince,  but  his 
intellectual  powers  did  not  keep  pace  with  his 
amiability ;  so  inferior  were  they,  indeed,  that  he 
earned  for  himself  the  sobriquet  of  '  Silly  Billy.'  "- 
'  Further  Reminiscences,'  p.  99. 

In  1902  Mr.  L.  G.  Robinson  wrote : — 

"The  son,  William  Frederick,  who  became  Duke 
of  Gloucester,  born  in  1775,  was  not  distinguished 
by  talent,  and  early  in  life  earned  the  sobriquet  of 
'Silly  Billy.'"  —  'Letters  of  Dorothea,  Princess 
Lieven,'  p.  384. 

It  is  thus  seen  that  from  1834  to  1902 
various  writers,  of  whom  at  least  two  were 
contemporaries,  applied  the  sobriquet  of 
"Silly  Billy  "  to  the  Duke  of  Gloucester.  In 
favour  of  William  IV.  we  have  the  bare  state- 
ments of  DR.  BREWER  in  1880  and  1891,  and 
of  Prof.  Laughton  in  1900.  DR.  BREWER  is 
dead.  Cannot  Prof.  Laughton  tell  us  his 
authority  for  applying  the  epithet  to  Wil- 
liam IV.  1  ALBERT  MATTHEWS. 

Boston,  U.S.  

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10*  8.1.  MARCH  5,  1904.]  NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


185 


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Westminster,  1818. 
Many  of  Duntoii's  letters  and  agreements  are  in  the 

Bodleian  Library,  Rawlinson  MSS.    (Sec  Nichols's  edition 

of  '  Life  and  Errors,'  Appendix.) 

Religio  Bibliopolse ;  or,  the  Religion  of  a 
Bookseller.  By  John  Dunton  and  Benjamin 
Bridgewater. 

And  sec  Lowndes. 

The  Dublin  Scuffle :  being  a  Challenge  sent 
by  John  Dunton  to  Patrick  Campbel,  Book- 
seller in  Dublin.  Together  with  the  Small 
Skirmishes  of  Bills  a,na  Advertisements.  Svo, 
I  ondoa,  1699. 


Ellis  &  Elvey.— The  Hundredth  Catalogue  of  Rare, 

Curious,  and  Interesting  Books To  which  is 

prefixed  a  Short  Account  of  the  Bookselling 
Business  carried  on  continuously  at  this  Shop 
(29,  New  Bond  Street,  London,  W.)  since  its 
establishment  in  1728.  Fcap.  Svo,  London,  1903. 

Encyclopaedia  Britannica.  Ninth  Edition,  Vol.  IV. 
Art.  '  Bookselling.' 

Supplement,   Vol.  VIII.    Art.  'Publishing/ 
By  Joseph  Shaylor. 
With  notices  of  British  and  American  publishing  houses. 

Fearman,  William.  —  A  Letter  in  reply  to  the 
Ridiculous  Threats  of  Mr.  John  Ballantyne, 
Bookseller  for  Scotland,  against  the  Publisher 
of  the  Forthcoming  Series  of  '  Tales  of  my 
Landlord,'  containing  '  Pontefract  Castle.'  Svo, 
London,  1819. 

Fields,  James  T.  (Ticknor  &  Fields,  Boston,  U.S.), 
1817-81.  —  Biographical    Notes    and    Personal 
Sketches,  with    Unpublished  Fragments   and 
Tributes  from  Men  and  Women  of   Letters. 
Svo,  Boston,  U.S.,  1881. 
Harper's  Magazine,  vol.  Ixii.  p.  391. 
Yesterdays    with    Authors.     By  James   T. 
Fields.   Crown  Svo,  Boston,  U.S.,  1871. 

Fitzgerald,  J. — The  Recollections  of  a  Book  (Trade) 
Collector,  1848-58.  By  J.  Fitzgerald.  Fcap.  Svo, 
Liverpool,  1903. 

Forsyth,  Isaac  (Bookseller  at  Elgin),  1768-1839.— A 
Memoir  of  Isaac  Forsyth.  By  his  Grandson, 
Major-General  J.  Forsyth  McAndrew.  With 
Portrait.  Svo,  London,  1889. 

Francis,  John,  1811-82.  —  John  Francis  and  the 
Athenaium :  a  Literary  Chronicle  of  Half  a 
Century.  With  2  Portraits.  2  vols.  crown  Svo, 
London,  1888. 

Franklin,  Benjamin,  1706-90. — The  Autobiography 
of  Benjamin  Franklin.  Published  verbatim 
from  the  Original  Manuscript  by  his  Grandson, 
William  Temple  Franklin.  Edited  (with  a  con- 
tinuation) by  Jared  Sparks,  Professor  of  His- 
tory in  Harvard  University.  (Bohn's  Edition.) 
Crown  Svo,  London,  1850-4. 
Many  other  editions. 

Fraser,  James,   ?-1841.— Literary  Gazette,  9  Octo- 
ber, 1841 ;  Fraser's  Magazine,  January,  1837- 
See   '  The  Maclise  Portrait  Gallery,'   edited  by  William 

Bates.    New  Edition.    Crown  Svo,  London,  1898. 

Fraser's  Magazine.  —  Publishers  and  Authors. 
October,  1848. 

The  Makers,  Sellers,  and  Buyers  of  Books. 
(Reprinted    from    Fraser's     Magazine.)     Svo, 
London,  1852. 
Fry,  John,  1792-1822.— Bibliographical  Memoranda 
in   Illustration    of   Early  English  Literature. 
(Privately  printed.)    4to,  Bristol,  1816. 
Contains  articles  on  Osborne's  Catalogues. 

Gent,  Thomas,  1691-1778. 

The  Life  of  Mr.  Thomas  Gent,  Printer  of 
York.  Written  by  Himself.  With  Portrait. 
Svo,  London,  1832. 

lent  was  author,  printer,  publisher,  bookseller.  For  some 
further  details  see  Longmans  Magazine,  April,  1896,  '  Thos. 
Sent,  Printer,'  by  Austin  Dobson. 

Annales  Regioduni  Hullini :  a  Facsimile  of 
the  Original  Edition  of  1735.  With  Life.  By 
the  Rev.  George  Ohlson.  Svo,  Hull,  1869. 

Gentleman's  Magazine,  The,  1731— 
See  Obituary  Notices,  &c. 


186 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  B.  i.  MAKCH  5, 


•Gerring,  C.— Notes  on  Printers  and  Booksellers. 

8vo,  London,  1900. 
Geyer,  A.— Reference  Directory  of  Booksellers  and 

Stationers  in  the  United  States  and  Canada. 

8vo,  New  York,  1894. 

•Godwin,  William,  1756 - 1836.  —  William  Godwin: 
his  Friends  and  Contemporaries.  By  C.  Kegan 
Paul.  2  vols.  8vo,  London,  1876. 

'Goschen,  Georg  Joachim,  1752-1829. — The  Life  and 
Times  of,  Publisher  and  Printer  of  Leipzig.  By 
his  Grandson,  Viscount  Goschen.  2  vols.  8vo, 
London,  1902. 

•Grievances  between  Authors  and  Publishers. 
(Society  of  Authors.)  Crown  8vo,  London, 

1887. 

Griffiths,  Ralph,  1720-1803. —The  European  Maga- 
zine, January,  1804. 

The  "memoir"  by  Dr.  Griffiths'*  son,  mentioned  in  the 
article  as  being  in  preparation,  I  cannot  trace,  and  it  was 
probably  never  published. 

'Growoll,  A. 

The  Profession  of  Bookselling:  a  Handbook 
of  Practical  Hints.  2  Parts.  Royal  8vo,  New 
York,  1893-5. 

A  Bookseller's  Library.  12mo,  New  York, 
1891. 

Book-trade  Bibliography  in  the  United  States 
in  the  Nineteenth  Century.  12mo,  New  York, 
1893. 

Growoll,  A.,  and  Eames,  Wilberforce.— Three  Cen- 
turies of  English  Book-trade  Bibliography  :  an 
Essay  on  the  Beginnings  of  Book-trade  Biblio- 
graphy since  the  introduction  of  Printing,  and 
in  England  since  1595.  By  A.  Growoll.  Also  a 
List  of  the  Catalogues,  &«.,  published  for  the 
English  Book-trade  from  1595-1902,  by  Wilber- 
force Eames,  of  the  Lenox  Library,  New  York. 
New  York,  published  for  the  Dibdin  Club  by 
M.  L.  Greenhalgh,  and  London,  1903. 
This  book  treats  of  the  bibliography  of  catalogues,  and 
•only  very  incidentally  gives  a  few  biographical  details. 

Guy,  Thomas,  1644-1724. 

A  True  Copy  of  the  Last  Will  and  Testament 
of  Thomas  Guy,  Esq.,  late  of  Lombard  Street, 
Bookseller.  3rd  Edition.  London,  1725. 

An  Essay  on  Death-Bed  Charity,  exemplified 
in  Mr.  Thomas  Guy,  Bookseller.  By  John 
Dtinton,  1728. 

A  Biographical  History  of  Guy's  Hospital 
&-,?  of  Thon'as  Guy,  pp.  1-73).  By  Samuel 
Wilks,  M.D.,  and  G.  T.  Bettany,  M.A.,  B.Sc. 
With  Portrait  of  Thomas  Guy.  8vo,  London, 

£O!HM 

^  This  is  probably  the  fullest  account  of  Thomas  Guv  that 
is  possible. 

Hamilton,  Gavin.— Short  Memoir  of  Gavin  Hamil- 
ton, Bookseller  in  Edinburgh  in  the  Eighteenth 
Century.  (Privately  printed.)  1840. 

Harper,  House  of.— Harper's  Story  Books.— The 
Harper  Establishment;  or,  how  the  Story 
Books  are  Made.  By  Jacob  Abbott.  Illus- 
trated. New  York,  1855. 

James   Harper.     With  Portrait.    (Illustrirte 
Zeitung,  No.  1376.)    Folio,  Leipzig,  1869. 
/.  SuS  ^n,d  Portraits  of  the  Harper  Brothers. 
i  ^he   Pub,llsher8'   Trade- List  Annual,'  1877.) 
.'  New  York. 

Fletcher  Harper.  (Publishers'  Weekly,  No. 
&>/.)  ^ew  York,  1890. 


Philip  J.  A.  Harper.  With  Portrait.  (Piib- 
lixherti'  Weekly,  vol.  xlix.  No.  11.)  New  York, 
1896. 

Joseph  Wesley  Harper.  With  Portrait.  (Pub- 
lishers'Weekly,  vol.  1.  No.  4.)    New  York,  1896. 
Hatchards.— The  Hatchard  Bookselling  Business. 
(Piccadilly  Bookmen.)    London,  1893. 

Publishers'  Circular,  21  Nov.,  1903,  Mr.  Edwin 
Shepherd,  with  portrait. 
Hazlitt,  William  Carew,  1834— 

Collections  and  Notes  (towards  English 
Bibliography).  With  Index.  6  vols.  8vo, 
London,  1876-92. 

The  Confessions  of  a  Collector.  Crown  8vo, 
London,  1897- 

This  has   notes   and  reminiscences   of  II.  G.  Holm,  B. 
Quaritch,  P.  S.  Ellis,  Joseph  Lilly,  &c. 

Heinemann,  W. 

Bookselling:  the  System  adopted  in  Ger- 
many for  the  Prevention  of  Underselling  and 
for  Promoting  the  Sale  of  Books.  (A  Paper  read 
before  a  meeting  of  the  Associated  Booksellers 
of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  April,  1895.) 
8vo,  Taunton,  1895. 

The  Hardships  of  Publishing.  (Privately 
printed.)  London,  1893. 

Hone,  William,  1780-1842.— Early  Life  and  Con- 
version. Written  by  Himself.  London,  1841. 

Some  Account  of  the  Conversion  of  the  late 
W.  Hone,  with  further  Particulars  of  his  Life 
and  Extracts  from  his  Correspondence.  8vo, 
London,  1853. 

Horse  Beatse  Marias  Virginis  ;  or,  Primers  of  Sarum 
and    York    Use.      With    an    Introduction   by 
Edgar  Hoskins,  M.A.    8vo,  London,  1901. 
This  contains  '  A  List  of  Printers  and  Booksellers,  with  a 

List  of  Places,'  from  the  fifteenth  to  the  eighteenth  century. 

Houghton.  Henry  Oscar. 

See  Publishers'   Weekly,  with  portrait,  vol.  xlviii.  No.  10 
(New  York,  1895) ;  vol.  li.  No.  21  (New  York,  1897). 

How  to  Print  and  Publish  a  Book.  8vo,  Win- 
chester, 1890. 

Hutton,  William,  1723-1815.-The  Life  of  William 
Hutton,  F.A.S.S.,  including  a  Particular 
Account  of  the  Riots  at  Birmingham  in  1791. 
To  which  is  subjoined  the  History  of  his 
Family,  written  by  himself,  and  published  by 
his  Daughter  Catherine  Hutton.  With  Portrait. 
8vo,  London  and  Birmingham,  1816. 

WM.  H.  FEET. 
(To  be  continued.) 


ROBERT  BOYLE  ON  THE  BIBLE.— The  curious 
fact  alluded  to  in  Keble's  'Christian  Year,' 
under  St.  Bartholomew's  Day,  with  regard  to 
the  eye  of  a  portrait  following  a  spectator 
(see  8th  S.  ix.  468 ;  x.  35),  is  noticed  by  the 
eminent  natural  philosopher  Robert  Boyle, 
who  by  his  efforts  to  circulate  the  Scriptures 
anticipated  the  work  of  the  British  and 
Foreign  Bible  Society.  The  following  passage 
occurs  in  a  discourse  printed  in  1661,  and 
written,  as  he  reminds  his  brother  the  Earl 
of  Orrery,  "  seven  or  eight  years  "  before  : — 

"The  several  Books  of  the  Bible  were  written 
chiefly  and  primarily  to  those  to  whom  they  were 
first  addressed,  and  to  their  contemporaries,  and 


10'"  S.  I.  MARCH  5,  1901]  NOTES  AND    QUERIES. 


187 


that  yet  the  Bible  not  being  written  for  one  Age  or 
People  only,  but  for  the  whole  People  of  God, 
consisting  of  persons  of  all  Ages,  Nations,  Sexes, 
Complexions  and  Conditions,  it  was  fit  it  should  be 
written  in  such  a  way,  as  that  none  of  all  these 
might  be  quite  excluded  from  the  advantages 
designed  them  in  it.  Therefore  were  these  Sacred 
Books  so  wisely  as  well  as  eo  graciously  temper'd, 
that  their  Variety  so  comprehends  the  several 
abilities  and  dispositions  of  men,  that  (as  some 
Pictures  seem  to  have  their  eyes  directly  fix'd  on 
every  one  that  looks  on  them,  from  what  part 
soever  of  the  room  he  eyes  them),  there  is  scarce 
any  frame  of  spirit  a  man  can  be  of,  or  any  Condition 
he  can  be  in,  to  which  some  passage  of  Scripture  is 
not  as  patty  applicable  as  if  it  were  meant  for  him, 
or  said  to  him,  as  Nathan  once  said  to  David,  Thou 
art  the  man." — From  "  Some  Considerations  touch- 
ing the  Style  of  the  H.  Scriptures,  by  the  Honorable 
Robert  Boyle,  Esq.,"  MDCLXI.,  pp.  21,  22. 

J.  H.  WARD. 
Silverton  Rectory,  Exeter. 

JAPANESE  NAMES- — It  has  been  suggested 
to  me  that  many  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  might 
be  glad  of  a  few  hints  as  to  the  pronunciation 
of  those  Japanese  place  and  personal  names 
now  so  prominently  figuring  in  our  magazines 
and  papers.  There  is  little  difficulty  in  pro- 
nouncing Japanese  correctly,  since  the  vowels 
are  all  sounded  as  in  Italian,  and  the  con- 
sonants as  in  English.  It  is  worthy  of 
remark,  however,  that  although  theoretically 
sh  should  be  sounded  as  in  English,  some  of  j 
the  best  Japanese  speakers  reduce  it  to  simple  ] 
s.  Hence  we  get  Sikoku  for  the  island  of 
Shikoku,  and  Tsussima  for  the  island  of 
Tsushima.  The  reduction  of  ts  to  s  is,  on  the 
other  hand,  merely  a  blunder  of  our  jour- 
nalists, some  of  whom  the  other  day  degraded 
Tsushima  into  Susima,  just  as  some  maps 
degrade  the  Tsugaru  Strait  into  Sugaru. 
The  stress  generally  falls  upon  the  penulti- 
mate :  Himeji,  Osaka,  Hakodate,  Nagasaki, 
Yokohama,  Shimonoseki,  Utsunomiya.  There 
are  exceptions,  such  as  O'gawa,  Kanagawa, 
O'shima,  Hiroshima,  Matsushima,  Katsura, 
Kutnura,  Satsuina.  Most  of  these  exceptions 
have  in  their  penultimate  the  vowels  i  or  u, 
which  are  always  short  in  Japanese,  and  in 
many  words  and  names  are  omitted  altogether 
colloquially.  The  samurai,  or  Japanese  army 
officer,  is  popularly  pronounced  sdm'rai. 
There  are  two  Japanese  loan-words  in  English 
which  have  been  naturalized  in  their  shorter 
form,  minus  the  silent  u,  viz.,  the  familiar 
mousme  (Jap.  musume),  and  the  botanical 
term  moxa  (Jap.  mfa/iisa).  In  Japanese 
orthography  the  full  forms  alone  are 
employed.  From  this  it  happens  that  several 
names  written  with  four  syllables— e.g.,  Shi- 
inotsuke,  Yokosuka— are  spoken  with  three, 
Shimotake,  Yokos'ka.  A  good  example  is 


the  name  of  the  reigning  emperor,  Mutsuhito. 
In  its  termination  hito  the  h  is  excessively 
palatalized,  so  that,  the  i  disappearing,  it 
sounds  like  skto,  and  the  name  is  heard  as 
a  trisyllable,  Mutsiish'to.  En  revanche,  the 
English  reader  is  often  in  danger  of  taking 
for  three  syllables  a  name  which  really  has 
four,  e.g.,  Inouye,  Niigata,  Terauchi.  The 
secret  is  that  each  vowel  must  be  sepa- 
rately enunciated,  I-no-ii-ye,  Ni-i-ga-ta, 
Te-ra-ii-chi.  JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

GENEALOGY  :  NEW  SOURCES.— The  class  lists 
(catalogues)  of  the  contents  of  the  Public 
Record  Office  are  constantly  yielding  fresh 
materials  of  importance  in  pedigree  research. 
The  books  of  apprentices  of  merchant  seamen 
give  the  parish  of  the  sailor,  and  so  enable 
his  birth  and  family  to  be  traced.  These 
records  commence  in  1740. 

GERALD  MARSHALL. 

80,  Chancery  Lane,  W.C. 

"AUNCELL."—  In  1458  the  Dean  and  Chap- 
ter of  St.  Paul's  made  a  visitation  of  some  of 
the  parishes  belonging  to  that  cathedral. 
Two  women  were  found  to  be  offenders 
because  each  of  them  had  "  vnurn  auncellum" 
(Camd.  Soc.,  N.S.,  Iv.  pp.  69,  80).  Canon 
Sparrow  Simpson  guesses  it  to  be  "auinu- 
cella,"  a  little  almuce.  But  the  auncell  was 
a  weight,  the  use  of  which  had  been  forbidden 
by  Archbishop  Chicheley  (1414-43)  under 
pain  of  excommunication.  See  it  in  Cowel's 
'  Law  Dictionary.'  W.  C.  B. 

HOCKDAY  :  POTTAGE  CALLED  HOK.— Having 
been  investigating  the  subject  of  Hockday 
lately,  I  have  wondered  whether  any  con- 
nexion, however  remote,  could  be  traced 
between  that  feast  and  the  name  "hok" 
for  a  certain  pottage  of  mallow  referred  to 
in  the  chartulary  of  Crich  Parish  Church, 
Derbyshire  (see  Ancestor,  July,  1903).  The 
calendar  is  interspersed  with  notes  as  to 
lucky  or  unlucky  days  for  use  of  or  absti- 
nence from  specific  articles  of  diet,  among 
which  occurs :  "  Feb.  Potagium  de  malua 
vocatum  hok'  non  comedatur."  On  my  calling 
the  attention  of  Sir  John  Phear  to  this  item 
he  remarked  :  "  The  survival  of  the  word  in 
'hollyhock,'  taken  in  connexion  with  your 
'  potagium  de  malva,'  ought  to  have  some 
evidential  value."  ETHEL  LEGA-WEEKES. 

MRS.  GASKELL'S  'SYLVIA'S  LOVERS.' — In 
connexion  with  such  a  charming  story  as 
1  Sylvia's  Lovers '  small  matters  are  often 
worth  recording.  The  '  Dictionary  of  National 
Biography '  states  that  when  Mrs.  Gaskell 
was  engaged  in  collecting  information  for 


188 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  i.  MARCH  5, 


that  work  she  remained  some  time  in  Whitby 
"to  study  the  character  of  the  place,"  anc 
in  relation  to  this  an  incident  has  lately 
come  to  my  knowledge  that  may  interest 
those  readers  who  remember  this  old  town 
forty  years  ago,  with  its  confectioner's  shop 
in  the  principal  street  on  the  cliff  which  was 
so  popular  with  visitors.  I  find  that  one  of 
the  chief  sources  of  the  author's  information 
on  Whitby  life  and  manners  was  Mr.  Corney, 
the  proprietor  of  this  shop— a  lifelong  resi- 
dent. In  a  manuscript  note  on  the  flyleaf 
of  a  copy  of  the  book  which,  on  its  publi- 
cation, Mrs.  Gaskell  presented  to  him  she 
gratefully  acknowledged  "  the  very  valuable 
assistance"  Mr.  Corney  had  rendered  to  her. 

JOSEPH  BODGERS. 
12,  St.  Hilda's,  Whitby. 


Quotes, 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

LATIN  QUOTATIONS.  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  supply  the  source  of  any  of  the 
following  phrases?  They  occur  in  a  Latin 
comedy  written  at  Cambridge  about  1580. 

1.  Exemplis  erudimur  omnes  aptius. 

2.  Nescit  servire  virtus. 

3.  Aristoteles  non  vidit  verum  in  spiritualibus. 

4.  Sentis  ut  sapiens,  loqueris  ut  vulgus  (Aristotle). 

5.  De  omni  scibili. 

6.  Oves  et  boves  et  cetera  pecora  campi. 

7.  Contra    negantem    principia    non    est    dispu- 

tandum. 

8.  Frigent  nunc-dierum  prsecepta. 

9.  In  minimum  naturale  dabile. 

10.  Defectus    naturae,    error   naturae    (applied    to 

woman).    Cp.  Milton,  '  Paradise  Lost,'  x.  891. 

11.  (Midas)  qui  fame  peribat  quod  auro  vesci  ne- 

quibat. 

12.  Amoris  te  vias  omnes  doceo. 

13.  Cibus  hi  mihi  et  potus  sunt. 

14.  Ignoratio  causarum  mater  erroris. 

15.  Natura   semper   intendit   quod    est   optimum 

(before  Roger  Bacon). 

16.  Signa  minora  cape. 

17.  Natura  vult  omne  grave  ferri  deorsum. 

18.  Invitat  ultro  te  domus  ipsa. 

19.  Me  tenet  ut  viscus  et  interficit  ut  basiliscus. 

20.  0  flexanima  flosque  feminarum. 

21.  Laus  sequitur  fugientem. 

22.  Splendidse  sunt  vestes  nobilitatis  testes. 

23.  Potus  gluten  amicorum. 

24.  Comptus  et  calamistratus. 

25.  Studiis  dignissima  nostris. 


26.  Ad  rem  et  rhombum  (=to  come  to  the  point). 

27.  Sunt  tibi  tortores  serpentibus  horridiores. 

28.  Scientia  non  habet  inimicum  prseter  ignorantem. 

29.  Favete,  Musse  pnesides. 

30.  Prius  erit  glacies  flammiger  ignis,  et  tenebrte 

densss  vaga  sydera  poli,  prius  ponderosum 
grave  volabit  in  altum  ut  aliger,  et  quassabit 
vanos  ventos  levis  pluma. 

31.  Deorum  suut  omnia. 

32.  Quis  nisi  mentis  inops  oblatum  respuat  aurum  ? 

(in  Lily's  '  Grammar '). 

33.  Tua  vicit  comcedia  (—you  have  won  the  day). 

34.  Ibi  incipit  fides,  ubi  desinit  ratio. 

35.  Quod  efficit  tale,  illud  ipsum  est  magis  tale. 

36.  Litera  scripta  manet. 

37.  Unam  semper  amo,  cujus  non  solvor  ab  liamo. 

38.  Partus  aureus. 

39.  Rostra  disertus  amat  (from  grammar  rules?). 

40.  De  mea  fide  tota  patria   loquitur,    loquuntur 

omnes  boni. 

41.  Scalam  naturae  in  qua  inest  et  occultum  occulti 

et  non  occultum  non  occulti. 

42.  Vitse  non  pigeat  cum  funus  anmtur  ? 

43.  Scripsit  Aristoteles  Alexandro  de  Physicorum 

libro  editum  esse  quasi  non  editum. 

44.  Amor  est  punctum  quoddam  stultitise. 

45.  Nil  est  in  intellectu  quod  non  fuerit  in  sensu. 

46.  Vivit  post  funera  virtus  (before  1557). 

47.  Strangulatorium  argumentum. 

48.  Nee  in  ceteris  est  contrarium  reperire. 

49.  Per  modum  illuminationis,  feruntur  per  radios 

rectos,  primo  archipodialiter,  deinde  vicissim 
reflexive. 

50.  Any  earlier  case  of  the  reading   "accede    ad 

ignem  hanc"  (Ter.,  'Eun.,'  i.  2,  5).  Quoted 
also  in  Burton's  'Anatomy'  in  this  form. 

G.  C.  MOORE  SMITH. 
University  College,  Sheffield. 

[5.  "De  omni  re  scibili  et  quibusdam  aliis"  refers 
to  Giovanni  Pico,  Count  of  Mirandola  (1463-94), 
who,  at  Rome  in  1486,  offered  to  defend  900  theses. 
The  eleventh  of  these  referred  to  "ad  omnis  scibilis 
investigationem  et  intellectionem  "  (see  Biichmann, 
'Gefliigelte  Worte').] 

PAOLO  AVITABILE.— I  shall  be  grateful  for 
information  as  to  any  English  print,  carica- 
ture, or  account  of  Runjeet  Singh's  famous 
_eneral  Paolo  Avitabile  (1791-1850).  He  was 
a  native  of  Agerola,  near  Amalfi,  where  he 
died  on  28  March,  1850,  in  the  Castello 
Avitabile.  Over  the  porter's  lodge  is  the 
inscription  put  by  him,  *'  O  beata  solitudo, 
o  sola,  beatitude,"  the  source  of  which  quota- 
tion I  am  also  anxious  to  identify.  It  has  a 
ertain  similarity  with  Giordano  Bruno's  "  In 
;ristitia  hilaris,  in  hilaritate  tristis."  Avitabile 
was  in  London  in  June,  1844,  and  visited  the 
Duke  of  Wellington  at  Apsley  House  on  the 
20th  of  that  month.  If  any  of  your  readers 
can  help  me  to  trace  any  notice  of  him  in  the 


10'"  S.I.  MARCH  5,  1904.]          NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


189 


London  papers  I  shall  be  very  thankful. 
Major  Hugh  Pearse,  in  his  'Memoirs  of 
Alexander  Gardner '  (Blackwood,  1898),  refers 
to  a  not  wholly  accurate  life  of  the  general 
in  the  '  Livre  des  Celebrites  Contemporaines,' 
published  in  1846,  but  gives  no  details  as  to 
the  authorship  and  place  of  publication  of 
this  book,  which  I  am  anxious  to  trace.  The 
Italian  sources  of  information  I  have,  as  far 
as  possible,  verified  •  but  they  are  all  of  them 
more  or  less  incomplete.  It  is  hardly  likely 
that  his  death  or  his  visit  to  London  passed 
unnoticed  in  the  English  press,  and  his 
portrait  may  well  have  appeared  in  the  illus- 
trated papers  of  the  time,  which  I  have  no 
opportunity  of  consulting  here.  There  is  a 
picture  of  him,  in  full  uniform  with  decora- 
tions, in  the  possession  of  a  relative  at  Castel- 
lamare.  Any  information  and  further  clues 
will  be  greatly  appreciated. 

JULIAN  COTTON. 
Palazzo  Arlotta,  Chiatamone,  Naples. 


of  the  greater  public  schools  have  their 
memorial  in  the  respective  school  histories. 
But  there  have  been  hundreds  of  others 
quite  as  deserving  of  remembrance.  Cannot 
some  beginning  be  made  towards  a  'Brief 
Biographical  Dictionary  of  Schoolmasters  '  ? 

SCHOLASTICUS. 

THOMAS  GOODWIN,  D.D.  —  Musgrave's 
'Obituary,'  citing  Bunhill  Fields  inscrip- 
tions, describes  Mary,  nle  Hamond,  widow 
of  Thomas  Goodwin,  sometime  President  of 
Magdalen  and  Chaplain  to  the  Council  of 
State,  as  his  "  third  "  wife.  Can  any  reader 
explain  this  description?  Halley's  'Life  of 
Goodwin'  gives  only  two  marriages — the 
first  with  Elizabeth  Prescott,  the  second  with 
the  above-mentioned  Mary.  TEMPLAR. 


CHARLES  THE  BOLD. — On  the  beautiful 
tomb  of  Charles  the  Bold,  Duke  of  Burgundy, 
and  Mary  his  daughter,  in  the  church  of 
Notre  Dame  at  Bruges,  amongst  a  great 
number  of  armorial  bearings  of  possessions 
and  alliances  are  those  of  Henry,  Count  of 
Lancaster.  What  was  the  exact  connexion 
of  Charles  with  the  House  of  Lancaster  1  He 
was,  of  course,  connected  with  the  House  of 
York  through  his  wife  Margaret,  but  the  one 
mentioned  is  the  only  English  shield. 

J.  R.  NUTTALL. 
Lancaster. 

ADMIRAL  BYNG. — Can  any  of  your  readers 
inform  me  why,  in  1721,  Admiral  George 
Byng,  on  his  elevation  to  the  peerage, 
adopted  the  title  of  Torrington,  co.  Devon  ? 
In  what  way,  if  any,  was  his  family  connected 
with  Torrington  1  CHARLES  BYNG. 

Miss  LEWEN  AND  WESLEY. — Where  can  I 
find  any  information  about  the  Miss  Lewen 
who  left  John  Wesley  1,0002.?  She  died 
30  October,  1760.  I  have  looked  through 
Wesley's  '  Journal,'  edition  of  1829. 

(Rev.)  T.  C.  DALE. 

115,  London  Road,  Croydon. 

SCHOOLMASTERS. — Annual  lists  of  the  army, 
navy,  clergy,  lawyers,  and  medical  men  have 
been  in  existence  for  a  long  period,  but  1903 
saw  the  first  Schoolmasters'  Register.  When 
we  call  to  mind  the  vast  though  silent 
influence  exercised  by  pedagogues,  now 
unrecognized  and  forgotten,  in  moulding  the 
minds  of  successive  generations,  it  seems 
only  just  that  a  record  should  be  made  of 
their  names.  Those  who  were  on  the  staff 


VERSES  ON  WOMEN. — The  following  verses 
contain  much  that  is  true  of  the  fair  sex. 
Perhaps  some  of  your  readers  may  be  able  to 
identify  the  author. 

To  those  they  know  do  love  them  best 

Women  do  grant  least  favors,  lest 

For  their  dear  selves  they  cease  to  burn 

As  of  aforetime,  or  should  spurn ; 

So  wintry  faces  they  assume 

'Gainst  those  who  for  their  love  consume, 

And  fan  the  flame  at  leisure : 

For  should  their  palpitating  hearts 

Fail  to  escape  the  peril  nigh, 

The  sequence  of  the  chase  departs, 

And  men— like  Actaeon — turn  to  fly. 

T.  C.  BUTTON. 
South  Gosforth,  Newcastle-on-Tyne. 

"BRIDGE"  :  ITS  DERIVATION.— There  appears 
to  be  something  recondite  about  the  name 
of  this  popular  game.  It  is  stated  to  have 
originated  among  the  European  residents 
at  Constantinople,  and  to  be  properly  pro- 
nounced brich.  As  a  player,  I  can  see  no 
relevancy  to  our  equivalent  to  Lat.»ons,  and 
seek  information.  H.  P.  L. 

CUPLAHILLS. — What  is  the  derivation  of 
this  Fifeshire  place-name  ?  SELLPUC. 

"  OLD  ENGLAND."— Is  this  term  of  endear- 
ment of  early  date  ?  I  notice  it  is  used  in 
Mercurius  Rusticus,  xviii.,  in  a  sermon  of 
Dr.  Featly,  at  Lambeth,  in  1642. 

REGINALD  HAINES. 
Uppingham. 

THACKERAY  QUOTATION. — The  last  words 
of  '  Celebrities  and  I,'  by  H.  Corkran,  are  : 
"  I  dp  not  entirely  agree  with  Becky  Sharp, 
that  it  is  easy  to  be  good  with  10,000£.  a  year, 
but  it  must  be  a  help."  Christianity  rather 
than  goodness,  and  a  much  lesser  sum,  figure, 
I  fancy,  in  the  original  version  in  '  Vanity 
Fair,'  but  I  have  looked  for  it  in  vain  in 


190 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io»  s.  i.  MARCH  5,  UOA. 


several  likely  parts  of  the  book.  Will  some 
reader  kindly  refer  me  to  the  right  chapter  to 
find  it  ?  Perhaps  Edward  FitzGerald  is  more 
correct  in  his  reference  to  the  quotation, 
which  runs  thus  ('Letters  of  Edward  Fitz- 
Gerald to  Fanny  Kemble,'  1895  edition, 
p.  125)  :— 

"  You  wrote  me  that  Portia  was  your  beau-ideal 
of  Womanhood— Query,  of  Ladyhood.  For  she  had 
more  than  5001.  a  year,  which  Becky  Sharp  thinks 
enough  to  be  very  virtuous  on,  and  had  not  been 
tried.  Would  she  have  done  Jeanie  Deans's  work  ? 
She  might,  I  believe,  but  was  not  tried." 

HlPPOCLIDES. 

WEBSTER'S  'BASQUE  LEGENDS.'— Can  the 
names  of  the  Basques  who  recited  the  '  Basque 
Legends'  published  by  Mr.  Wentworth 
Webster  be  ascertained  ]  Has  the  original 
Basque  ever  been  published,  or  does  it  exist 
in  manuscript  ?  I  can  find  no  answer  to  these 
questions  in  Vinson's  '  Bibliographic  de  la 
Langue  Basque.'  RALOHC  NEDOV. 

HAREPATH.— About  five  miles  south  of 
Torrington  are  two  hamlets,  North  and 
South  Harepath,  and  twelve  and  a  half  west 
of  Exeter  is  another  Harepath.  Do  these 
denote  the  former  existence  of  a  West  Saxon 
frontier  road  running  through  these  points  ? 

E.  L.  HERAPATH. 
Bude. 

QUOTATIONS.— Can  any  reader  kindly  tell 
me  where  the  following  quotations  are  to  be 
found  ? — 

God  give  us  peace  !  not  such  as  lulls  to  sleep, 
But  sword  on  thigh,  and  brow  with  purpose  bent 
Enough  if  something  from  our  hande  have  power 
To  live,  and  act,  and  serve  the  future  hour. 
And  better  death  than  we  from  high  to  low 
Should  dwindle  and  decline  from  strong  to  weak 

THOMAS  A.  CURTIS. 

PENN'S  'FRUITS  OF  SOLITUDE.'— In  'Sorac 
Fruits  of  Solitude,'  by  William  Penn,  with  an 
introduction  by  Edmund  Gosse  (1903),  p.  162 
one  reads:    "When  the  poor  Indians  hea 
us  call  any  of  our  Family  by  the  Name  o 
Servants,  they  cry  out,  What,  call  Brethre' 
bervants!     We  call  our  Dogs  Servants,  bu 
never  Men."    What  authority  was  there  fo 
penning  these  words  ? 

P.  115.  Is  not  "betrays"  a  misprint  c 
betray  ? 

Ibidem  Penn  wrote,  "Excellent  Oualitie 
for  Lapland,  where,  they  say,  Witches 
though  not  many  Conjurors,  dwell."  Wh 
had  said  this  of  Lapland  ? 

P.  56.  "To  shoot  well  Flying  is  well  :  bu 
to  chose  it,  has  more  of  Vanity  than  Judg 
ment.  What  does  chose  mean  here  1  I  ha\ 


ought  it  in  vain  in  Wright  and  Murray, 

nd  in  doing  so  remarked   that  the   word 

house  or  cAowse=deception,    fraud,   is    not 

;corded    by  the    former    as    used    in    any 

nglish  dialect.     It  is,  however,  to  be  found 

i  some  slang  dictionaries,  and  was  in  use 

t  Temple  Grove  School,  East  Sheen,  when 

was  a  boy  there  in  the  years  1867-71,  under 

Ir.  Waterfield.          EDWARD  S.  DODGSON. 

[Does  not  Penn  mean  that  it  shows  vanity  to 

refer  (choose)  to  shoot  at  a  bird  when  it  is  flying 

nstead  of  when  it  is  still  ?] 


S, 

TIDESWELL  AND  TIDESLOW. 
(9th  S.  xii.  341,  517 ;  10th  S.  i.  52,  91.) 

WHETHER  my  view  of  the  prefix  in  Tides- 
well  be  correct  or  not,  it  has  elicited  some 
aluable  remarks  on  its  derivation  by  PROF. 
SKEAT,  in  whose  opinion  it  represents  the 
name  of    an    individual,  as    shown    by    its 
jenitive  termination  in  s.    But  while  I  fully 
acknowledge     his     great    authority,     there 
appears  to  be    something   wanting    in    our 
present  amount  of  information  on  the  fol- 
owing  points  before  it  can  be  wholly  con- 
irmed. 

Our  knowledge  of  the  place-name  is  con- 
ined  to  the  entry  in  the  Domesday  record, 
and  probably  in  the  Saxon  period  it  would 
ixhibit  as  much  variation  as  in  the  instance  of 
Bakewell.    Thirkell  low  in  Mr.  Bateman's  list 
apparently  registers  a  family  or  tribal  name, 
and   yet  it  is  not  shown  in  the    genitive. 
Again,  none  of    the   Derbyshire    names    of 
places  ending  in  -well  or  in   -loiv  noted  in 
Domesday  Book    contains  the  genitive  s — 
among  the  latter  Baslow  cannot  be  cited  as 
an  exception,  as  it  is  simply  a  contraction  of 
Basse-lau  —  nevertheless    family  names    are 
probably  contained  in  some  of   them.    On 
the  other  hand,  Browns  low,  regarded    by 
MR.  ADDY  as  an  evidence  of  a  personal  name, 
is  recorded  by  Mr.  Bateman,  in  the  examina- 
tion of  that  tumulus,  as  Brown  low  ('  Ten 
Years'  Diggings,'  245),  and  the  latter  form 
seems  to  be  corroborated  by  another  example 
at  Hartington.    In  one  case  the  genitive  sign 
is  omitted,  in  the  other  it  is  added.     An 
objection  may  be  made  to  the  latter  owing 
to  its  recent  date:  but  the  principle  of  the 
accidental,  &c.,  addition  or  the  elimination  of 
a  letter  is  applicable  to  all  periods.    Hence 
the  possibility  of  Tide- well  having  been  the 
original   designation  —  tide  as    the    genitive 
of  tid,  an   intermitting  spring.     It  may  be 
observed   that   A.-S.  surnames    are    usually 
composed  of  two  syllables.     It  is  singular 


M»S.  I.  MARCH  5,1904.]  NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


191 


that  of  253  "  lows  "  noted  in  Mr.  Bateman's 
list  only  25  contain  the  genitive  sign. 

Not  unfrequently  in  the  Peak  it  was 
customary  to  add  to  -low  the  full  name  of  the 
adjoining  place  or  village,  as  for  example 
Chelmorton  low.  There  may  be  cases  where 
a  long  prefix  was  contracted,  but  I  know  of 
none  at  the  present  date.  This  is  one  reason 
for  believing  Tidslow  to  be  a  contraction  of 
Tideswell  low ;  and  the  fact  of  the  latter  term 
being  employed  by  Rhodes  serves  to  corro- 
borate it  ('  Peak  Scenery,'  1824,  72).  In 
connexion  with  this  view  I  have  been 
informed  by  an  old  Derbyshire  literary 
antiquary,  who  was  well  acquainted  with  the 
locality  fifty  years  since,  that  the  low  was 
customarily  termed  "  Tidsor  topping"  by 
the  natives.  In  P.  P.  Burdett's  map  of  the 
county,  "  made  from  an  actual  survey,"  and 
published  by  Pilkington  in  1789,  it  is  called 
"  Tidslow  top." 

The  doubt  I  expressed  as  to  any  "pre- 
historic'^ individual  being  recorded  in  Mr. 
Bateman's  list  of  barrows  is  regarded  by  MR. 
ADDY  as  incorrect,  and  he  cites  twenty 
examples  from  it,  each  (or  nearly  all)  of 
which  "contains  a  personal  name."  The 
derivations  of  nine  of  these,  as  well  as  of 
several  others,  are  given  by  him  in  detail, 
and  are  demonstrated  by  him  to  belong  to 
the  A.-S.  period.  But  the  whole  tenor  of 
his  remarks  is  beside  the  question  at  issue,  as 
all  his  examples  are  of  the  historic,  as  dis- 
tinguished from  the  "prehistoric,"  period, 
to  which  latter  alone,  as  I  distinctly  stated, 
uiy  remarks  applied.  This  he  must  have 
overlooked,  unless  (which  I  can  hardly 
suppose)  he  included  the  latter  in  the  historic 
one. 

That  some  occupants  of  the  barrows 
enumerated  by  him  bore  the  family  or  tribal 
name  is  likely  enough,  and  future  examina- 
tion of  the  grave-mounds  may  corroborate  it. 
This  was  satisfactorily  proved  in  one  instance, 
not  mentioned  by  him.  The  "  Brushfield 
barrow"  opened  by  Mr.  Bateman  in  1850 
contained  a  Saxon  sword  and  other  relics  of 
the  same  age.  As  the  place-name  Brush- 
field  is  simply  a  contraction  of  Brihtricfeld, 
the  interment  was,  in  his  opinion,  that  of  a 
Brihtric,  the  owner  of  the  local  manor. 
Another  example  of  the  same  family 
patronymic  occurs  in  the  case  of  Brixton, 
in  Devonshire,  the  original  one  as  noted  in 
Domesday  being  Brictrichestone. 

The  following  barrows  examined  by  Mr. 
Bateman  are  comprised  in  MR.  ADDY'S  list — 
Browns  (should  be  Brown)  low,  Ladmans  low, 
Larks  low,  Taylors  low,  and  probably  Hawkes 
low — and  were  found  to  be  of  the  Neolithic 


ige  ;  while  the  contents  of  three  at  Kenslow 
belonged  respectively  to  the  stone,  bronze, 
and  iron  periods.  Is  it  possible  or  probable 
that  any  of  these  embodies  the  name  of  an 
individual  ? 

That  the  suffix  -well  denotes  a  spring  of 
water,  and  does  not  represent,  in  MR.  ADDY'S 
opinion,  "a  field  or  paddock,"  is  clearly  shown 
oy  PROF.  SKEAT  to  be  erroneous. 

The  earliest  notice  of  Tideswell  yet  found 
is  recorded  in  the  '  Survey  of  Devon '  by 
Tristram  Risdon  (1580-1640),  who  collected 
materials  for  his  work  between  the  years 
1605  and  1630  (not  published  till  1714).  It  is 
described  in  his  account  of  a  sub-manor  in 
bhe  parish  of  East  Budleigh  in  that  county 
in  these  words  : — 

"  Tidwell .Here  is  a  Pond  or  Pool  maintained 

by  Springs,  which  continually  welm  and  boil  up, 
not  unlike  that  wonderful  \Vell  in  Darby-shire 
which  ebbeth  and  floweth  by  just  Tides,  and  hath 
given  Name  to  Tideswell,  a  Market  Town  of  no 
mean  Account." — II.  83-4. 

Defoe's  'Tour  through  Great  Britain,' 
3  vols.,  was  issued  in  the  years  1724-6,  the 
later  editions  being  edited  by  S.  Richardson, 
a  Derbyshire  man,  and  the  well-known  author 
of  '  Pamela,'  &c.  The  following  quotation  is 
taken  from  the  1748  edition  : — 

"  At  Tidwell,  alia*  Tideswell  [Devonshire],  is  a 
pond  or  pool,  which  boils  up  like  that  of  the  same 
name  at  Weeden  in  Derbyshire." — I.  366. 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  MR.  ADDY  did  not 
examine  other  authorities  than  Da  vies,  other- 
wise he  would  scarcely  have  committed  the 
grievous  error  of  asserting,  "  The  story  about 
the  tides  of  an  ebbing  well  appears  to  have 
been  invented  by  Charles  Cotton."  The 
extract  from  Risdon's  work  shows  "  the 
story  "  to  have  been  well  known  long  before 
Cotton  was  born.  Again,  Thomas  Hobbes 
(1588-1679),  who  published  his  '  De  Mira- 
bilibus  Pecci,'  in  Latin,  in  1636,  of  which 
an  English  translation  was  issued  in  1678, 
employs  the  term  "the  ebbing  and  flowing 
well  "  (p.  56)  three  years  prior  to  the  appear- 
ance of  Cotton's  volume. 

'The  Wonders  of  the  Peake,'  by  Charles 
Cotton  (1630-87),  issued  in  1681,  contains  a 
similar  account  of  the  well  of  the  "tides" 
to  that  of  Hobbes. 

It  is  here  necessary  to  mention  that  writers 
allude  to  two  intermitting  springs  separated 
some  miles  from  each  other,  one  at  Barmoor 
Clough  and  the  other  at  Tideswell.  Notices 
of  each  are  quoted  by  MR.  ADDY  from  the 
work  of  Davies,  and  he  then  adds,  "  Barmoor 
Clough  is  six  miles  from  Tideswell,"  implying 
(as  far  as  I  can  understand  him)  that  the  same 
well  is  referred  to  under  the  two  titles.  But 


192 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [ioth  s.  i.  MARCH  s,  im. 


he  is  evidently  unaware  that  both  Hobbes 
and  Cotton  refer  to  the  one  at  Barmoor 
Clough  alone,  as  the  context  in  each  work 
shows.  Now  the  latter  terms  the  spring 
"  Weeding-wall,  or  Tydes-well,"  i.e.,  the  wel 
of  the  tides.  Does  not  this  point  out  the 
probability  of  Tideswell  having  a  similar 
origin  ? 

The  following  lines  are  taken  from  'A 
Ballad  of  Darby  shire,'  by  Sir  Aston  Cokain, 
printed  in  1658  : — 

Here  also  is  a  Well 
Whose  Waters  do  excell 
All  waters  thereabout ; 
Both  being  in  and  out 

Ebbing  and  flowing  (281-2), 

and  accepted  by  Leyland  in  his  'Peak  of 
Derbyshire '  (1891),  246,  as  relating  to  Tides- 
well. 

It  is  singular  that  in  Cox's  'Magna  Bri- 
tannia' (1720),  i.  439,  and  also  in  'A  Journey 
through  England,'  by  John  Macky  (1724), 
ii.  192,  the  account  of  the  spring  is  a  tran- 
script from  Cotton's  work,  in  which  "Near 
Tide's- Wall"  replaces  the  words  in  the 
orijginal. 

The  Philosophical  Transactions  of  1729 
contains  a  paper  by  J.  Martyn,  relating  'An 
Account... a  Journey  to  the  Peak  of  Derby- 
shire,' in  which,  when  describing  the  wonders, 
he  says  (p.  25)  :— 

"An  ebbing  and  flowing  well  is  far  from  being 
regular  as  some  have  pretended.  It  is  very  seldom 
seen  by  the  Neighbours  themselves;  and,  for  my 
part,  I  waited  good  while  to  no  purpose." 

B.  Martin,  in  'The  Natural  History  of  Eng- 
land '  (1759),  remarks  :— 

"What  renders  this  place  [Tideswell]  most  re- 
markable, and  from  whence  it  takes  its  name,  is  a 
(spring  or  Well  that  ebbs  and  flows,"  &c.— II.  234. 

B  The^  f°llowing  paragraph  is  transcribed 
from  Defoe's  'Tour':— 

T-l  Jhis  Spring  lies  near  the  little  Market-town  of 
iiddes wall  wherein  are  a  very  good  church,  and  a 
Free-school."— Ed.  1748,  iii.  90. 

Pilkington's  'View  of  Derbyshire,'  pub- 
lished m  1789  in  2  vols.,  contains  the  most 
trustworthy  report  of  both  wells,  which  were 
visited  by  the  author.  Of  the  one  at  Bar- 
moor  Clough  he  records  that  in  dry  weather 
it  has  sometimes  ceased  to  flow  "  for  three 
weeks  or  a  month.  "At  the  time  I  saw  it 
which  was  in  a  wet  season,  the  interval 
betwixt  ebbing  and  flowing  was  about  five 
minutes.  Of  the  one  at  Tideswell  he  states  : 

™SL°nf  i  in1uiry  *  foun,d  that  it  is  now  very 
imperfectly  remembered  by  any  person  ;  but  I  was 

m£ht"h  thaVhe  well',which  is  now'closed  u^ 
L  250  3  6  Y  restored  to  its  ancient  state. "- 


He  quotes  the  remarks  made  by  J.  Martyn  in 
1729  as  applicable  to  the  latter,  and  not  to 
that  at  Barmoor  Clough.  In  all  these  respects 
he  is  followed  in  Lysons's  '  Derbyshire'  (1817), 
cxcii.  Davies  ('Derbyshire,'  1811)  probably 
never  visited  either  place,  and  his  recorded 
dimensions  of  the  pool  at  the  latter  differ 
much  from  those  of  other  writers.  One  of 
the  latest  authors  (E.  Rhodes)  who  visited 
the  locality  affirms  : — 

"The  spot   where    the   well   once  was    is   still 

pointed  out but  it  is  now  choked  up,  and  its 

ebbings  and  Sowings  have  long  since  terminated."— 
'Peak  Scenery'  (1824),  p.  74. 

I  have  examined  and  quoted  from  every 
authority  on  the  subject  to  which  I  have  had 
access,  and  am  led  to  the  conclusion  that 
there  are  records  of  intermitting  springs  at 
two  places  in  Derbyshire — one  at  Barmoor 
Clough,  still  in  existence,  but  in  a  state  of 
decadence  (similar  to  St.  Keyne's  Well  in 
Cornwall) ;  the  other  at  Tideswell,  which  for 
more  than  a  century  has  ceased  to  flow. 

T.  N.  BRUSHFIELD,  M.D. 

Salterton,  Devon. 


EARL  OF  EGREMONT  (10th  S.  i.  148).— Any 
old  peerage  would  have  proved  to  ARCHAEOLO- 
GIST the  relationship  between  the  third  and 
fourth  Earls  of  Egremont.  It  would  indeed 
have  been  "  unaccountable "  if  the  third 
earl's  "entailed  estates"  had  devolved  on  his 
illegitimate  sons ;  but  nothing  of  the  kind 
occurred.  Like  many  others  before  and  since, 
the  third  Earl  of  Egremont  disposed  by  will 
of  whatever  property  he  had  the  power  of 
disposition  over.  Such  estates  as  were 
entailed  followed  the  entail — a  not  unusual 
occurrence. 

As  practically  every  memoir-writer  from 
about  1770  to  1837  refers  to  the  Lord  Egre- 
mont in  question,  from  Horace  Walpole  down 
to  Creevey,  and  Petworth  during  his  reign 
was  one  of  the  best-known  great  houses  in 
England,  ARCHAEOLOGIST  can  hardly  be  termed 
correct  in  assuming  that  very  little  is  known 
about  him.  I  think  Charles  Greville  men- 
tions the  story  of  the  alleged  paternity  of 
Lord  Melbourne.  The  latter  called  the  story 
in  question  "  a  lie,"  but  the  old  proverb  of  a 
"  wise  child,"  &c.,  gives  later  generations,  if 
they  choose  to  think  otherwise,  an  option. 

The  descent  of  the  present  noble  owner 
of  Petworth  from  Lord  Egremont  makes  the 
whole  subject  not  altogether  suitable  for 
discussion  in  the  press.  H. 

Has  ARCHAEOLOGIST  consulted  the  '  D.N.B.'  ? 
There  is  a  long  and  interesting  article  upon 
Sir  George  O'Brien  Wyndham,  third  Earl  of 


10'"  S.I.  MARCH  5,  1904.]  NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


193 


Egremont,  with  various  references  appended 
thereto,  in  vol.  Ixiii.  pp.  244-6. 

A.  E.  BAYLEY. 
[Reply  also  from  DR.  FORSHAW.] 

GLOWWORM  OR  FIREFLY  (10th  S.i.  47,112,156). 
—In  the  song  quoted  from  the  opera  of  '  Guy 
Mannering '  it  is  not  the  "  firefly,"  but  the 
wildfire  —  i.e.,  Will-o'-the-wisp  or  Jack-o'- 
lantern — that  dances  on  (not "  glances  from  ") 
the  fen.  Indeed,  the  lines  as  given  are  full 
of  misquotations.  In  every  copy  I  have  seen 
of  this  glee  the  words  are  as  follows  : — 
The  chough  and  crow  to  roost  are  gone, 

The  owl  sits  on  the  tree  ; 
The  hiished  wind  wails  with  feeble  moan, 

Like  infant  Charity. 
The  wildfire  dances  on  the  fen, 

The  red  star  sheds  its  ray  : 
Uprouse  ye  then,  my  merry,  merry  men, 
It  is  our  opening  day. 

I  shall  be  much  obliged  to  any  correspondent 
who  will  tell  me  what  is  meant  by  the  allusion 
to  "infant  Charity"  in  the  fourth  line. 

U.  S.  JERRAM. 
Oxford. 

In  'The  Garden,'  by  Darwin  (quoted  in 
Miss  Edgeworth's  '  Frank '),  is  an  address  to 
various  insects,  ending, 

Descend,  ye  spiders,  on  your  lengthening  threads  ; 
(Hitter,  ye  glowworms,  on  your  mossy  beds. 

A  friend  well  acquainted  with  Browning's 
poems  gave  me  at  once  several  quotations  : — 
But  the  firefly  and  hedge-shrew  and  lob- worm,  I 

pray, 

How  fare  they  ?  '  Pippa  Passes.' 

The  fireflies  from  the  roof  above, 
Bright  creeping  through  the  moss  they  love. 

'The  Italian  in  England.5 
Glowworm  I  prove  thee, 
Star  that  now  sparkiest ! 

'  Pisgah  Sights,'  ii. 
Not  a  twinkle  from  the  fly, 
Not  a  glimmer  from  the  worm. 

When  the  firefly  hides  its  spot. 

'  A  Serenade  at  the  Villa.' 
My  star,  God's  glowworm. 

'  Popularity.' 
M.  E.  F. 

To  the  list  already  given  may  be  added 
'  Ode  to  the  Glowworm,'  by  Dr.  Wolcot,  and 
'The  Mower  to  the  Glowworm,'  by  Andrew 
Marvell.  ADRIAN  \VHEELER. 

[The  version  sent  by  MR.  JERRAM  corresponds 
with  that  \ve  have  always  known.  The  lines  given 
by  our  earlier  contributor  bristle  with  errors.! 

'MERRY  THOUGHTS  IN  A  SAD  PLACE'  (10th 
S.  i.  141).— It  may  be  noted  that  the  stanzas 
given  at  the  above  reference  are  to  be  found 
in  that  well-known  anthology  the  'Lyra 


Elegantiarum.'  They  are  there  assigned  to 
Arthur,  Lord  Capel,  but  a  note  at  the  end  of 
the  volume  states  that  they  have  also  been 
attributed  to  Sir  Roger  Lestrange.  The 
version  printed  in  'N.  &  Q.' has  one  stanza 
more  (the  ninth)  than  the  version  in  the 
'Lyra  Elegantiarum,' and  there  are  a  number 
of  verbal  differences  between  the  two  versions. 

J.  K.  F.  G. 

"MY  LORD  THE  SUN"  (10th  S.  i.  126).— I 
think  the  reference  for  which  MR.  CRABBE 
inquires  is  to  one  of  my  stories  of  the  Abruzzi 
which  appeared  in  the  Butterfly  for  August, 
1899.  FREDERICK  BARON  CORVO. 

FELLOWS  OF  THE  CLOVER  LEAF  (10th  S.  i.  7). 
— In  the  January  number  of  the  Antiquary 
Mr.  R.  Coltman  Clephan,  F.S.A.,  describing 
'Two  Suits  of  Armour  in  the  Historical 
Museum  at  Berne,'  observes  : — 

"One  harness,  made  probably  about  1460-70,  is 
severely  plain,  without  any  ridgings,  flutings,  or 
escalloped  edgings,  excepting  on  the  tuiles.  The 
helm  bears  the  mark  of  the  Treytz  family  of  armour- 
smiths  of  Miihlau,  near  Innsbruck,  a  dover  leaf, 
while  on  the  breastplate  is  inscribed  the  mono- 
gram attributed  to  the  Milan  armour-smith  Tomaso 
da  Messaglia." 

E.  L.-W. 

'THE  OXFORD  ENGLISH  DICTIONARY'  (10th 
S.  i.  146). — It  is  unscientific  and  unmethodical 
to  give  to  a  book  any  other  name  than  that 
which  appears  on  its  title-page.  Therefore, 
in  spite  of  various  suggestions,  Dr.  Murray's 
great  work  remains,  what  it  calls  itself,  the 
'N.E.D.'  "New,"  says  MR.  THOMAS,  "has 
long  since  become  an  anachronism.''  I  hope 
not.  I  venture  to  believe  that  the  '  N.E.D.' 
is  not  only  novus,  but  will  be  novissimus. 

W.  C.  B. 

FICTITIOUS  LATIN  PLURALS  (9th  S.  xii.  345, 
518  ;  10th  S.  i.  54). — Can  any  of  your  readers 
say  whether  adlati —  several  times  seen  in 
the  Spectator  of  recent  years  as  plural  of  a 
supposed  adlatus— is  not  fictitious  ?  Ad  latiis, 
as  two  words,  is  quite  possible  ;  but  I  do  not 
believe  that  there  is,  either  in  classical  or 
mediaeval  Latin,  such  a  word  as  adlatus,  in 
the  sense  of  "  intimate  counsellor  "  or  "  second 
in  command,"  in  which  sense  I  have  seen 
adlati  printed  as  above.  I  believe  that  ad 
latus  is  or  was  a  military  title  in  Austria ;  but 
has  it  ever  been  used  as  one  word,  adlatus  ? 

An  amusing  fictitious  plural  is  octopi  as 
plural  of  octopus,  seen  in  the  Daily  Telegraph. 

COLL. 

"KING  OF  PATTERDALE  "  (10th  S.  i.  149).— In 
A.  G.  Bradley's  'Highways  and  Byways  in 
the  Lake  District,'  p.  63,  there  is  given  a 
quotation  from  the  obituary  column  of  the 


194 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


i.  MARCH  5,  190*. 


Gentleman's  Magazine  for  October,  1793,  by 
which  it  appears  that  John  Mourisey,  Esq., 
who  had  then  just  died,  was  commonly  called 
King  of  Patterdale,  the  owners  of  Patterdale 
Hall,  in  the  parish  of  Barton,  co.  Westmore- 
land, having  been  honoured  with  this  appella- 
tion from  time  immemorial.  C.  E.  LKEDS. 
62,  Clyde  Road,  Addiscombe. 

This  appears  to  have  been  a  local  hereditary 
title,  two  bearers  of  which  are  mentioned — 
one  in  Newte's  'Tour  of  England  and  Scot- 
land performed  in  1785,'  and  the  other  in 
Kett's  '  Tour  of  the  Lakes  of  Cumberland  and 
Westmoreland  in  August,  1798.' 

J.    HOLDEN    MACMlCHAEL. 

In  answer  to  the  query  of  my  friend  the 
REV.  J.  B.  McGovERN,  I  will  quote  an  extract 
from  vol.  xv.  part  ii.  of  the  'Beauties  of 
England  and  Wales,'  1814,  p.  114  :— 

"Patterdale  Hall  has  for  many  generations  been 
the  residence  of  the  ancestors  of  John  Mounsey, 
Esq.,  its  present  owner,  'whose  forefathers,  from 
time  immemorial,  have  been  called  Kings  of  Patter  - 
dale,  living,  as  it  were,  in  another  world,  and 
having  no  one  near  them  greater  than  themselves.' " 

The  lines  in  inverted  commas  are  evidently  a 
quotation,  but  the  authority  is  not  named. 
The  mansion,  says  the  editor,  has  lately  been 
rebuilt. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D.,  F.R.Hist.S. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

[M.  N.  says  that  a  Mounsey  gained  the  title  by 
defeating  Scotch  raiders  at  Sty  barrow  Crag.] 

FOOTBALL  ON  SHROVE  TUESDAY  (10th  S.  i. 
127).— The  glories  of  Easter  football  play  at 
Workington  have  passed  away,  partly  in 
consequence  of  the  occupation  of  a  portion 
of  the  playing  ground  by  railways  and  works, 
and  not  less  because  of  a  change  of  feeling. 
See  further  '  Bygone  Cumberland  and  West- 
moreland/ by  Daniel  Scott,  1899,  p.  200. 

"As  to  the  manner  and  circumstances  of  the 
game  as  it  was  played  in  its  heyday,  Easter  Tuesday 
was  the  great  day  amongst  the  sailors  and  colliers 
of  Workington,  who  met  in  an  extra-parochial 
place  comprising  about  a  hundred  acres,  called  the 
Cloffocks,  at  4  o'clock  on  the  afternoon  of  that  day, 
for  the  purpose  of  keeping  up  the  old  custom  peculiar 
to  the  place,  which  had  existed  time  out  of  mind, 
inducing  hundreds  to  come  from  a  distance  to 
witness  it.  The  mode  of  procedure  was  as  follows  : 
The  centre  of  the  Cloffocks  being  determined  as 
near  as  could  be  clone,  the  sailors  took  the  lower 
part  to  the  end  of  the  Merchants'  Quay ;  whilst  the 
colliers  took  the  higher  part  of  the  said  Cloffocks 
to  Workington  Hall  Park.  The  ball  was  then 
thrown  off,  when  the  sailors  endeavoured  to  force 
it  down  by  kicking  and  bearing  and  throwing  it 
towards  the  Merchants'  Quay  ;  whilst  the  colliers 
strove  to  prevent  them  and  endeavoured  to  force 
it  up  bank  towards  Workington  Hall.  Every  ex- 
ertion was  made  on  both  sides ;  they  hauled  and 
pulled  one  another  about  like  demented  men,  in 


many  instances  tearing  each  other's  clothes  to  pieces, 
each  party  cheering  as  the  ball  went  up  or  down. 

After  playing  for  two  or  three  hours the 

successful  party  was  treated  with  a  sum  of  money, 
which  was  spent  in  drink,  and  eventually  they 
finished  up  with  a  fight  or  two,  as  all  disagreements 
during  the  past  year  were  put  off  until  this  night 
to  settle,  and  the  town  was  almost  in  a  state  of 
siege,  as  the  lower  class  thought  whatever  wrong 
they  did  on  that  day  the  law  could  not  lay  hold  of 
them." — Wm.  Whellan's  '  History  and  Topography 
of  Cumberland  and  Westmoreland,'  1860,  p.  479. 
J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

Full  reports  of  the  scene  at  Workington 
on  Shrove  Tuesday  appear  in  the  Monthly 
Chronicle  of  North- Country  Lore  and  Legend 
for  1889  and  1890,  copies  of  which  I  possess. 
I  shall  be  pleased  to  furnish  your  corre- 
spondent with  any  details. 

Many  articles  on  football  in  general,  and  in 
various  quarters,  have  appeared  in  '  N.  &  Q.,' 
but  none  with  reference  to  the  proceedings 
at  Workington. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

SLEEPING  KING  ARTHUR  (9th  S.  xii.  502 ; 
10th  S.  i.  77). — This  legend,  or  one  similar  to 
it  in  the  main  features,  has  often  done  duty. 
Let  me  mention  one  version  of  it  at  Ricn- 
mond  Castle,  Yorkshire,  quoted  from  Mur- 
ray's '  Handbook  for  Yorkshire' : — 

"  A  piece  of  'folk-lore' which  has  been  localized 
in  various  places — among  others  under  the  triple 
height  of  Eildon  and  at  Freeburgh  Hill  in  Cleve- 
land, see  Route  15 — has  found'a  home  at  Richmond 
Castle.  Arthur  and  his  knights  are  said  to  lie 
under  the  '  roots '  of  the  great  tower,  spellbound 
in  mysterious  sleep.  A  certain  Potter  Thompson 
was  once  led  into  the  vault,  where  he  saw  the  king 
and  his  knights,  and  on  a  great  table  a  horn  and 
sword.  He  began  to  draw  the  sword,  but  as  the 
sleepers  stirred  he  was  frightened  and  dropped  it, 
when  a  voice  exclaimed — 

Potter,  Potter  Thompson, 
If  thou  hadst  either  drawn 
The  sword,  or  blown  the  horn, 
Thou  'd  been  the  luckiest  man 
That  ever  yet  was  born." 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 
Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

This  story  and  the  verses  quoted  resemble 
the  Border  legend  of  Canobie  Dick  the  horse- 
couper  and   Thomas   the  Rhymer,   laird   of 
Ercildoune,  in  Berwickshire,  as  narrated  by 
Scott  in  Appendix  I.  to  the  general  preface 
to  the  Waverley  Novels  : — 
Woe  to  the  coward,  that  ever  he  was  born, 
Who  did  not  draw  the  sword  before  he  blew  the 
horn  ! 

ADRIAN  WHEELER. 

"QuiCE"  (10th  S.  i.  126).— In  Hampshire 
this,  the  local  name  for  the  wood-pigeon  or 
ringdove,  is  pronounced  "queesh,"  presum- 


I.  MARCH  5,  19MJ          NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


195 


ably  representing  an  Anglo-Saxon  mono- 
syllable, as  "cushat"  does  A.-S.  cusceote. 
Are  the  names  onomatopcean,  like  the  verb 

* '  to  COO  "  1  HTS-RTIFRT  V  \  v  WP-T.T. 


This  name  for  wood-pigeon  was  twenty  or 
thirty  years  ago  very  well  known  in  Wor- 
cestershire and  Herefordshire.  I  have  heard 
it  pronounced  "  queece "  by  a  Staffordshire 
man.  The  accepted  spelling  was  "quest," 
and  I  believe  the  Quest  Hill,  at  Malvern, 
takes  its  name  from  this  word.  I  have  made 
inquiries  in  Sussex,  Kent,  and  Leicestershire, 
but  the  term  seemed  unknown  there. 

W.  H.  QUARRELL. 
3,  East  India  Avenue,  E.G. 

HONOUR  OF  TUTBURY  (10th  S.  i.  127).— The 
reason  for  the  superior  jurisdiction  of  the 
Honour  of    Tutbury  over  the  Hundred  of 
Hemlingford    is    rendered     obvious    by    a 
consideration  of  the  meaning  in   this  con- 
nexion of  the  word  ' '  honour."    It  is  from  the 
fountain  of  honour,  i.e.,  the  Crown,  that  flow 
dignities  or  privileges  and  degrees  of  nobility, 
knighthood,    &c.,    and    an    "honour"    is    a 
seignory  of  several  manors  held  under  one 
baron    or    lord    paramount,    himself   owing 
allegiance  to  the  Crown.    The  King's  stewarc 
of  the  honour  of  Tutbury  formerly  held  an 
annual  court  for  the  royal  forest  or  chase  01 
Need  wood,  called   the   Woodmote  Court,  al 
which  all  the  forest  officers  attended,  and  a 
jury  of  twenty-four  men,  who  lived  within 
the  jurisdiction  (i.e.  of  the  honour,  arid  not 
of  the  hundred),  "presented  and  amerced  al] 
incroachments  and  offences  in  the  forest  and 
wood,  and  in  vert  and  venison." 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

MILESTONES  (10th  S.  i.  7,  132).  —  What 
evidence  is  there  for  the  existence  of  Roman 
milestones  before  the  time  of  Caius  Grac- 
chus, to  whom  Plutarch  attributes  them? 
Mommsen  (iv.  chap,  ix.)  so  far  agrees  with 
Plutarch  as  to  state  that  to  C.  Gracchus,  "  or 
at  any  rate  to  the  allotment  commission,  the 


custom  of  erecting  milestones  appears  to  be 
traceable"  (Dickson's  trans.,  1887,  iii.  404). 
For  the  Miliarium  Popilianum,  which  belongs 
to  this  epoch,  see  'Corp.  Inscr.  Lat.,'  i.  551. 
JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

BREAKING  GLASS  AT  JEWISH  WEDDINGS 
(9*  S.  xii.  46, 115,  214,  337,  435).-!  may  be  per- 
mitted to  state,  under  this  heading,  that  in 
this  province  of  Kii  and  the  adjoining  Idzumi 
people  sometimes  break  a  suribachi  at  their 
weddings,  just  after  the  bride  and  bridegroom 
have  retired  to  their  chamber  from  the  hall 
where  the  banquet  is  held  after  that  breaking. 
This  mnhachi  is  an  earthenware  of  daily  use, 


in  which  an  indispensable  food  substance 
called  miso,  prepared  from  beans,  is  softened 
with  a  peculiarly  shaped  pestle  (suri  kogi).* 
Its  breaking  in  the  ceremony  is  accompanied 
with  loud  outbursts  of  joj7,  "  Broken,  broken  !" 
(ivareta,  wareta  !)  "  in  segno  di  averle  levata 
la  verginita."  KUMAGUSU  MINAKATA. 

Mount  Nachi,  Kii,  Japan. 

"TRAVAILLER  POUR  LE  Roi  DE  PRUSSE" 
(9th  S.  xi.  289,  392,  437,  496  ;  xii.  34,  111,  270, 
370,  455). — I  think  that  MR.  JOHN  HUTCHIN- 
SON  should  have  quoted  a  little  more  from 
Larousse,  as  otherwise,  without  referring  to 
that  useful  work,  any  one  might  suppose 
that  the  origin  put  forward  definitely  settled 
the  question,  whereas,  although  Larousse 
gives  it  the  preference,  yet  he  begins  by 
saying  :— 

"L'originedeceprpverbetest  fort  incertaine,  bien 
que  deux  versions  differentes  la  fassent  egalement 
remonter  k  Frederic  II.  Ce  qui  est  certain,  c'est 
qu;pn  n'en  trouve  pas  de  traces  avant  la  seconde 
moitie"  du  xviii'  siecle." 

He  then  gives  a  version  similar  to  that  I 
have  already  quoted,  and  adds  the  version 
quoted  at  9th  S.  xii.  455.  EDWARD  LATHAM. 

"  COCKSHUT  TIME"  (10th  S.  i.  121).— Yarrell, 
over  sixty  years  ago,  in  his  '  British  Birds,' 
gave  what  appears  a  satisfactory  explanation 
of  this  word.  Describing  the  habits  of  the 
woodcock,  he  says  : — 

"Towards  night  it  sallies  forth  on  silent  wing, 
pursuing  a  well-known  track  through  the  cover  to 
its  feeding-ground.  These  tracks  or  open  glades  in 
woods  are  sometimes  called  cockshoots  and  cock- 
roads,  and  it  is  in  these  places  that  nets  called  road- 
nets  were  formerly  suspended  for  their  capture, 
but  the  gun  is  now  the  more  common  means  of 
obtaining  them." 

Yarrell  was  not  only  eminent  as  a  naturalist, 
but  was  well  known  as  a  keen  sportsman, 
hence  I  should  say  his  account  is  valuable, 
and  it  agrees  with  PROF.  SKEAT'S. 


G.  T.  SHERBORN. 


Twickenham. 

Amongst  the  many  suggestions  as  to  the 
origin  of  the  word  "cockshoot,"  there  is  one 
>hat  has  not  been  mentioned,  and  with  much 
icsitation  I  venture  to  enter  into  the  field  of 
derivations.  Many  years  ago,  perhaps  sixty, 
a  field  near  the  old  grammar  school  of  Con- 
leton,  in  Cheshire,  went  by  the  name  of  the 
'Cockshoots,"  and  was  always  popularly 


This  pestle  is  often  vulgarly  adduced  with 
ihallic  meaning  in  Japan  ;  cf.  "  le  baton  qui  s'agite 
lans  la  baratte  produit  le  beurre  "  under  '  B;\to» ' 
n  A.  de  Gubernatis's '  Mythologie  des  Plantes,'  1878, 
Mm.  i.  p.  48. 

t  DR.  KRUEGER  will  please  note  that  it  is  not  I, 
ut  Larousse.  who  calls  it  a  proverb. 


196 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  i.  MARCH  5, 


supposed  to  have  been  the  place  where  in 
former  years  the  boys  used  to  throw  at  cocks 
tied  to  a  stick.  Certainly  we  retain  the  term 
"  cockshy  "  at  the  present  day. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 
Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

It  may  be  noted  that  shut  is  dialectal 
(e.g.  N.  Line.)  for  shoot.  Again,  the  surname 
Cockshott  seems  more  likely  to  be  derived 
from  a  place-name  than  from  anything  else. 
There  is  a  chapelry  to  Ellesmere  named 
Cockshute,  Cockshut,  or  Cockshott,  probably 
from  one  of  many  cockshoots.  J.  T.  F. 

TORCH  AND  TAPER  (10th  S.  i.  109).— In  the 
excerpt  given  it  will  be  observed  that  the 
torches  were  used  in  the  funeral  procession 
generally,  "  to  burn  about  me  on  the  day  of 
ray  burying,"  while  the  wax  tapers  were 
burnt  stationarily  at  the  "  month's  mind." 
Before  the  Reformation  the  churchwardens 
provided  wax  torches — in  fact,  let  them  out, 
and  charged  according  to  consumption  ;  but 
in  the  instance  cited  by  MR.  HUSSEY  fresh 
torches  were  evidently  found,  in  accordance 
\\ith  the  provisions  of  the  will,  "afterwards 
to  remain  to  the  church."  Torch,  taper,  and 
candle  appear  to  have  differed  chiefly  in 
point  of  size  and  in  the  amount  of  wax  used  ; 
but  the  foundation  of  a  torch  was,  of  course, 
of  a  different  material  from  that  of  a  taper. 
With  Shakespeare  "torch"  is  synonymous 
for  "  candle,"  for  he  makes  Romeo  say,  I.  iv. : 
A  torch  for  me :  let  wantons,  light  of  heart, 
Tickle  the  senseless  rushes  with  their  heels  ; 
For  I  am  proverb'd  with  a  grandsire  phrase, 
I  '11  be  a  candle-holder,  and  look  on. 

Quariars  or  quarions,  occasionally  called 
"  morters  "  or  "  mortises,"  were  also  employed 
sometimes  to  serve  the  purpose  of  a  taper. 
A  quarion,  says  Bishop  Percy,  was  a  square 
lump  of  wax  with  a  wick  in  the  centre. 
Round  lumps  of  the  same  are  still  used  in  the 
royal  nursery  under  the  name  of  "mortises  '' 
(see  the  '  Northumberland  Household  Book 
and  Arehceologia,  vol.  iii.  p.  156).  By  candela, 
says  Fosbroke,  was  originally  meant  a  torch 
made  by  besmearing  rope  with  pitch,  wax, 
or  tallow.  At  funerals  the  number  of  torches 
with  which  the  deceased  was  honoured  varied 
according  to  his  rank  or  riches,  and  the 
torches  were  extinguished  in  the  earth  with 
which  the  body  was  covered.  By  the  will  of 
William  de  Montacute,  Earl  of  Salisbury, 
twenty-four  torches,  each  of  eight  pounds, 
in  weight,  were  carried  (Strutt's  'Manners 

£  j  isfcoras''  voL  "•  P-  108)-  On  the  other 
hand,  the  tapers  which  were  sometimes  called 
hearse-lights  were  of  smaller  dimensions, 
and  were  not  intended  for  the  hand,  but 


were  fixed  on  prickets.  (See  further  '  Illus- 
trations of  the  Manners  and  Expences  of 
Antient  Times,'  by  John  Nichols,  1797,  p.  219, 
note.)  At  the  "  garnysshinge  of  the  hersse  " 
of  the  Lady  Anne  of  Cleves  the  extraordinary 
display  was  made  of  649  stationary  lights, 
and  in  the  procession  "  went  poore  men  in 
blacke  gownes  with  torches,"  and  fifty  ''  yeo- 
men with  theyre  torchis  on  eche  side"(?of 
the  corpse).  —  'Excerpta  Historica,'  1831, 

p.  306.  J.    HOLDEN  MAC'MlCHAEL. 

I  believe  the  torch  is  a  light  carried  in 
the  hand,  formed  of  a  combustible  substance, 
such  as  hemp  or  flax,  soaked  in  tar,  tallow, 
or  other  fat,  and  is  of  necessity  used  in  the 
open  air.  Shakespeare  speaks  of  "a  waxed 
torch." 

A  taper  is  a  small  wax  candle,  a  long  wick 
coated  with  waxy  matter,  and  is  generally 
used  within  doors.  Even  Shakespeare  admits 
of  a  difference,  for  he  says,  "  Get  me  a  taper 
in  my  study,  Lucius." 

EVERARD   HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

EPITAPH  AT  DONCASTER  (9th  S.  xii.  288,  413, 
470). — I  am  grateful  for  the  replies  given  by 
several  correspondents,  especially  for  the  very 
full  one  by  E.  G.  B.  May  I  point  out,  how- 
ever, that  none  of  the  replies  answers  my 
query  as  to  what  is  the  meaning  of  "  who  in 
this  world  did  reign  three  score  years  and 
seven,  and  yet  lived  not  one"? 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

The  Doncaster  epitaph  is  an  adaptation  of 
an  earlier  one,  discussed  (7th  S.  xii.  506 ; 
8th  S.  i.  155,  503  ;  ii.  74  ;  v.  75,  under  the  head- 
ing "  Quod  expendi  habui." 

Cokayne  ('Complete  Peerage,'  iii.  104n.), 
speaking  of  Edward  Courtenay,  the  twelfth 
or  third  Earl  of  Devon  (ob.  1419),  says  :— 

"  His  is  said  to  have  been  the  magnificent  monu- 
ment at  Tiverton  destroyed  towards  the  close  of 
the  sixteenth  century  (mentioned  by  Risdon  in  his 
'  Survey,'  1605-1630),  on  which  was  the  well-known 
curious  inscription  of 

Hoe,  hoe,  who  lies  here  ? 

'Tis  1,  the  Erie  of  Devonsheer, 

With  Kate  my  wife,  to  rne  full  dere ; 

We  lyved  togeather  55  yeres,  &c. 
The  wife  Kate  is,  however,  a  mystery,  and  he  cer- 
tainly directs  his  burial  to  be  at  Ford  Abbey,  not  at 
Tiverton." 

Cokayne  does  not  quote  Risdon's  inscription 
with  absolute  accuracy ;  but  that  is  not  of 
much  consequence,  for,  as  Risdon  himself 
says,  it  had  been  destroyed  about  forty  years 
before  he  wrote.  Luckily,  however,  we  are 
not  dependent  on  him  for  our  knowledge  of 
it.  Spenser's  '  Shepheardes  Calendar,'  with 
notes  by  E.  K.  (probably  Edward  Kirke),  first 


io<»s.  i.  MARCU  5,1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


197 


appeared  in  1579.    Commenting;  on  lines  69 
and  70  of  '  May,'  E.  K.  says  that  they 
"imitate  the  Epitaph  of  the  ryotous  King  Sardana- 
palus, which  he  caused  to  be  written  on  his  tomb  in 
Greeke  :  which  verses  be  thus  translated  by  Tullie  : 
Hsec  habui  nute  edi,  quseque  exaturata  libido 
Hausit,  at  ilia  manent  multa  ac  prjeclara  relicta." 

Pausing  there,  I  would  remark  that  accord- 
ing to  the  authorities  the  inscription  written 
by  Sardanapalus  was  in  Chaldaic.  The  Greek 
version  was,  according  to  Atheuseus,  xii.  39, 
written  by  Chcerilus,  who  flourished  four 
hundred  years  after  the  date  attributed  to 
Sardanapalus.  According  to  Diodorus  Siculus, 
ii.  23,  the  Greek  version  ran  :  — 


epwros 

i/'    fTradov,  TO.   Se    TroAAa   /ecu   oXfBta. 


E.  K.  also  misquotes  Cicero,  who  ('Tuscul.,' 

v.  c.  35)  wrote  :  — 

Hsec  habeo  qu£e  edi,  quseque  exsaturata  libido 
Hausit,  at  ilia  jacent  multa  et  prajclara  relicta. 

After  giving  a  bad  translation  of  Cicero's 
lines,  E.  K.  goes  on  :  — 

"Much  like  the  Epitaph  of  a  good  old  Earle  of 
Devonshire,  which  though  much  more  wisedome 
bewrayeth  then  Sardanapalus,  yet  hath  a  smacke 
of  his  sensuall  delights  and  beastlinesse  :  the  rimes 
be  these  :  — 

Ho,  ho,  who  lies  here  ? 
I,  the  good  Earle  of  Devonshire, 
And  Mauld  my  wife  that  was  full  deare. 
We  lived  togethir  LV  yeare. 
That  we  spent,  we  had  : 
That  we  gave,  we  have  : 
That  we  left,  we  lost." 

We  thus  have  a  more  authentic  version  of 
this  epitaph  than  that  given  by  Risdon.  Kate 
disappears.  Mauld  is  Maud,  who  is  said  to 
have  been  the  daughter  of  Thomas,  Lord 
Camoys.  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

SON  OF  NAPOLEON  I.  (10th  &  i.  107).—  The 
following  extract  from  'Former  Clock  and 
Watch  Makers  and  their  Work,'  by  F.  J. 
Britten  (London,  1894),  bears  somewhat  on 
this  subject  :  — 

"Theodore  Gordon,  Great  James  Street.  Bedford 
Row  ;  born  at  Barbadoes,  apprenticed  in  Aberdeen  ; 
horizontal  and  duplex  escapement  maker,  also 
assistant  of  B.  L.  Vulliamy,  sometime  editor  of  the 
Horological  Journal  ;  died  1870,  aged  81." 

Probably  this  may  have  been  the  individual 
referred  to  by  your  correspondent. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

RALEIGH'S  HEAD  (10th  S.  i.  49,  130).—  The 
following  statement  on  this  subject  is  culled 
from  'Sir  Walter  Ralegh  :  the  British 


Dominion  of  the  West,'  by  Major  Martin 
A.  S.  Hume  (Fisher  Unwin,  1897),  pp.  417-18  : 
1  The  day  after  his  death  Lady  Ralegh  wrote  a 
sad  little  letter  to  her  brother,  asking  him  to  allow 
her  '  to  berri  the  worthi  boddi  of  my  nobell  hosban, 
Bur  Walter  Ralegh,  in  your  cherche  at  Beddington. 

God  hold  me  in  my  wites,'  but  for  some  reason, 

now  unknown,  the  headless  corpse  was  buried 
within  the  chancel  of  St.  Margaret's,  Westminster. 
What  ultimately  became  of  the  head  is  uncertain  ; 
but  it  was  long  preserved  by  Lady  Ralegh,  and  on 
her  death  by  her  son  Carew,  in  whose  grave  at  West 
Horsley,  in  Surrey,  it  is  believed  it  was  interred.'' 

HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 

119,  Elms  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 

[It  was  pointed  out,  ante,  p.  130,  that  Carew 
Raleigh  was  buried  in  Westminster  Abbey,  not  at 
West  Horsley.] 

"Coup  DE  JARNAC"  (10th  S.  i.  6,  75).— 
Anquetil,  in  his  '  Histoire  de  France,'  has  the 
following : — 

"A  la  mort  de  Frangois  Icr,  la  Chfitaigneraie 
renouvela  son  accusation.  Jarnac  y  repondit  en 
demandant  le  duel  judiciaire.  Henri  1'accorda,  et 
voulut  en  ctre  temoin  avec  une  partie  de  la  cour. 
II  inclinait  pour  la  Chataigueraie,  son  favori,  qui 
etait  fort  robuste,  et  qui  passait  pour  un  des  homines 
les  plus  habiles  en  escrime :  mais  Jarnac  f ut  plus 
adroit.  Couvrant  sa  tete  de  son  bouclier,  et  se 
glissant  sous  le  bras  de  son  adversaire,  il  lui 
dechargea  deux  coups  d'estramacon  sur  le  jarret 
gauche,  qui  etait  tendu  et  decouvert  pour  la 
facilite  des  mouvements.  La  Chataigneraie  tomba 
au  grand  etonnement  de  tout  le  monde.  La  sur- 
prise fut  telle  que  le  souvenir  de  ce  fait  d'armes 
s'est  conserve  et  qu'on  nomme  encore  coup  de  Jarnac 
toute  attaque  sourde  et  imprevue." 

E.  YARDLEY. 

I  may  refer  any  readers  who  are  interested 
in  the  famous  combat  giving  rise  to  this 
proverbial  phrase  to  an  article  entitled 
'  Wager  of  Battle,'  by  M.  S.  Gilpatric,  which 
appeared  in  the  Laiv  Times  of  16  August, 
1902  (pp.  360-3),  and  contains  a  very  full 
account  of  the  circumstances. 

EDWARD  LATHAM. 

HUNDRED  COURTS  (10th S.  i.  127).— Hundred 
Courts  have  not  been  abolished  in  so  many 
words,  except  that  form  of  them  known  as 
the  Sheriffs  Tourn,  which  was  abolished  by 
50  &  51  Viet.,  c.  55,  sect.  18(4).  Such  Hundred 
Courts  as  are  Courts  of  Record  still  exist. 
An  example  is  the  Salford  Hundred  Court. 
Other  Hundred  Courts  were  virtually 
abolished  by  30  &  31  Viet.,  c.  142,  sect.  28, 
which  provides  that  no  action  which  can  be 
brought  in  a  County  Court  shall  be  brought 
in  a  Hundred  Court  not  being  a  Court  of 
Record.  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

Whether  it  is  still  the  case  I  cannot  say, 
but  until  as  late  as  1838  the  only  Hundred 
Court  of  which  the  constitution  was  still  pre- 


198 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  i.  MARCH  5, 190*. 


served  was  that  of  Middlesex,  for  the  County 
Courts  of  that  county  are,  by  the  Act  which 
extends  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Middlesex 
County  Court  to  execution  against  the  per- 
son, distributed  according  to  hundreds,  the 
deputies  sitting  in  courts  appointed  for  such 
hundred.  As  to  the  duties  of  a  hundred,  it 
was  liable  for  damage  occasioned  to  property 
by  riotous  or  tumultuous  assemblies  ot  the 
people  by  action,  the  process  in  which  is 
served  upon  the  high  constable  :  if  the 
plaintiff  recovers  damages,  the  sheriff,  on 
receipt  of  the  writ  of  execution,  makes  put  a 
warrant  to  the  treasurer  of  the  county,  direct- 
ing him  to  pay  the  amount;  and  he  also 
reimburses  the  high  constable  for  his  ex- 
penses. See  Tomlins's  'Law  Diet.,  1838, 
v.  '  Hundred.3  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

CHAUCERIANA  (10th  S.  i.  121,  174).-Please 
let  me  add  that  the  reference  to  Dante, 
'Inf  ,'  v.  120,  as  being  a  possible  source  for 
Chaucer's  line  as  to  how  "  Pite  renneth  sone 
in  Dentil  herte,"  was  kindly  communicated  to 
me  by  Mr.  W.  F.  Smith,  Fellow  of  St.  John's 
College,  Cambridge,  who  is  well  known  as  an 
authority  on  Rabelais. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

GUIDE  TO  MANOR  ROLLS  (10th  S.  i.  169).— 
Having  obtained  transcripts  of  Elizabethan 
Manor  Rolls  of  Ottery  St.  Mary,  I  found 
myself  in  the  same  difficulty  as  that  men- 
tioned by  YGREC.  Vinogradoff  's  '  Villainage 
in  England  '  throws  some  light  on  the  subject. 
A  comparison  of  other  rolls  is  a  great  help. 
Perhaps  YGREC  would  like  to  arrange  to  see 
my  transcripts.  I  should  be  glad  to  hear 
from  him  on  the  subject. 

(Mrs.)  ROSE-TROUP. 

Ottery  St.  Mary. 

A.  C.  SWINBURNE  (10th  S.  i.  49).—  The 
quotation  is  the  first  stanza  of  the  poem 
'A  Word  for  the  Country  '  in  '  A  Midsummer 
Holiday,'  published  by  Chatto  &  Windus, 
1884.  '  H.  K.  ST.  J.  S. 

COURT  POSTS  UNDER  STUART  KINGS  (10th 
S.  i.  107,  173).—  I  am  much  obliged  to  MR. 
MAcMlCHAEL  for  information  respecting 
above.  Can  he  or  any  other  reader  inform 
me  what  rank  of  life  the  holders  of  these 
posts  would  occupy  1  SUSSEX. 


COLLECTORS  (10th  S.  i.  148).—  F.  O. 
Beggi  had  a  non-armorial  book-plate  contain- 
ing his  monogram,  but  otherwise  anonymous. 
Upon  the  back  of  one  copy  I  have  seen  was 
written  "  Dr.  Beggi."  I  imagine  that  he 
flourished  in  the  first  half  of  last  century, 
and  it  may  afford  your  correspondent  a  clue 


to  note  that  the  '  Medical  Directory '  for 
1848  states  that  Francesco  Crazio  Beggi,  M.D., 
Modena,  1830,  Assist.-Surg.  Apoth.  "at  the 
late  St.  John's  Hosp.,"  was  then  residing  at 
2,  Marylebone  Street,  Piccadilly.  Before  the 
next  issue  of  the  '  Directory '  he  had  "  gone 
away  and  left  no  address." 

GEO.  C.  PEACHEY. 
Brightwalton,  Wantage. 

RECORDS  OF  MONASTERY  OF  MOUNT  GRACE 
LE  EBOR'  (10th  S.  i.  149).— See  8th  S.  ix.  22, 
133,  and  Lawton's  'Religious  Houses  of  York- 
shire,' 1853,  pp.  C8,  69,  and  references  there. 

W.  C.  B. 

May  I  refer  COL.  SURTEES  to  Speed  and 
Dugdale  and  similar  works,  also  to  Graves's 
'  History  of  Cleveland '  1  COL.  SURTEES  seems 
to  doubt  that  these  ruins  were  formerly  a 
Carthusian  priory,  but  history  tells  us  that 
the  site  was  chosen  as  having  "been  par- 
ticularly adapted  to  the  rigid  order  of  the 
Carthusians."  The  yearly  revenue  of  the 
priory  at  the  time  of  the  Dissolution  was- 
3821.  5*.  lid.  according  to  Speed,  and 
323£.  2s.  Wd.  as  reported  by  Dugdale.  It  was 
founded  by  Thomas  de  Holland,  Duke  of 
Surrey,  in  the  time  of  Richard  II. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D.,  F.R.Hist.S. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

WILLIAM  HARTLEY  (10th  S.  i.  87,  156).— 
MISTLETOE  is  mistaken  in  his  belief  (ante,. 
p.  156)  that  the  late  vicar  of  Exton-cum- 
Horn  was  the  son  of  Dr.  Hartley.  The  Rev. 
Salter  St.  George  John  Hartley  was,  accord- 
ing to  the  Harrow  School  Register,  son  of 
Lieut.-Col.  J.  Hartley,  the  Old  Downs,  Hart- 
ley, Dartford,  Kent.  We  were  contemporaries 
at  the  school  and  at  Oxford,  where  he  was  a. 
Scholar  of  St.  John's  College. 

A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

FOSCARINUS  (10th  S.  i.  127). — It  is  possible 
Foscarinus  Turtliffe  was  named  after  either 
Michele  Foscarini,  Venetian  historian,  b.  1632, 
d.  1692,  or  Marco  Foscarini,  b.  1696,  Doge 
1762,  d.  1763.  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

The  Principal  Navigations,  Voyages,  Traffiques,a»d 
Discoveries  of  the  English  Nation.  By  Richard 
Hakluyt.  Vols.  III.  and  IV.  (Glasgow,  Mac- 
Lehose  &  Sons.) 

Two  further  volumes  have  appeared  from  the 
Glasgow  University  Press  of  the  beautiful  and 
profoundly  interesting  reprint  of  Hakluyt.  This 
spirited  and,  in  a  sense,  national  undertaking  is 
fairly  launched,  and  the  successful  completion 
of  its  voyage  will  be  a  matter  of  interest  to  others 


18*  S.  I.  MARCH  5,  1904.]  NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


199 


beside  literary  men  and  antiquaries.  The  contents 
of  the  two  volumes  now  issued  are  remarkably 
diversified.  Vol.  iii.  deals  largely  with  our  em- 
bassies to  Muscovy,  the  reception  accorded  to  our 
ambassadors,  and  the  concessions  made  to  our  mer- 
chants. In  an  appendix  is  furnished  '  The  Ambas- 
sage  of  Sir  Hierome  Bowes  to  the  Emperor  of 
Moscovie,'  containing  a  full  account  of  the  "stout" 
and  heroical  discharge  of  his  duties  in  a  Court 
where,  as  representative  of  his  queen,  Bowes  wore 
his  hat  in  the  royal  presence,  even  though  the  hat 
of  the  French  ambassador  had  been  nailed  to  his 
head  for  a  like  offence.  Bowes  asserted  that  he 
represented  no  cowardly  King  of  France,  but  the 
invincible  Queen  of  England,  who  did  not  veil  her 
bonnet  nor  bare  her  head  to  any  prince  living. 
His  plucky  behaviour  recommended  him  to  his 
barbarous  host,  and  his  name,  celebrated  in 
England  by  Milton  and  by  Pepys,  was  also  long 
held  in  honour  in  Russia.  Ambassadors  at  that 
time  had  something  to  do  besides  "lie  abroad  for 
the  commonwealth,"  as  says  Sir  Henry  Wotton. 
Only  less  interesting  are  the  early  ambassages  of 
Thomas  Randolph  and  others.  Concerning  the 
Muscovites  generally  many  quaint  utterances  are 
given.  "Their  diet  is  rather  much  then  curious," 
an  utterance  which  somehow  reminds  us  of  Dickens's 
often-quoted  phrase  "  extensive  and  peculiar.''  An 
account  of  the  Turkish  or  Russian  bath  is  given 
when,  under  date  1588,  we  read  how  the  Russians 
"  sometimes  (to  season  their  bodies)  come  out  of 
their  bathstoves  all  on  a  froth,  and  fuming  as  hoat 
almost  as  a  pigge  at  a  spit,  and  presently  to  leape 
into  the  river  starke  naked  or  to  powre  cold  water 
all  over  their  bodies,  and  that  in  the  coldest  of  all 
the  winter  time."  In  the  midst  of  these  prosaic 
descriptions  and  State  documents,  English  and 
foreign,  it  is  curious  to  come  upon  the  rimed 
messages  of  George  Turberville,  the  poet,  also  an 
ambassador  to  Russia,  describing  to  his  "Dancie 
dear"  (his  special  friend  Master  Edward  Dancie) 
how  the  Russes  are 

A  people  passing  rude,  to  vices  vile  inclinde, 
Folke  fit  to  be  of  Bacchus'  traine  so  quaffing  is 

their  kinde. 
Drinke  is  their  whole  desire,  the  pot  is  all  their 

pride, 
The  sobrest  head  doth  once  a  day  stand  needfull  of 

a  guide. 

In  the  account  of  the  earliest  travels  into  Persia 
are  many  edifying  passages  describing  "  the  tree 
which  beareth  Bombasin  cotton,  or  Gossampine," 
how  "Christians  become  Busormen"  or  Moham- 
medan converts,  &c. 

The  most  notable  portion  of  vol.  iv.  consists  of 
the  immortal  description  of  '  The  Vanquishing 
of  the  Spanish  Armada,  Anno  1588,'  and  that  of 
'The  Honourable  Voyage  to  Cadiz,  Anno  1596.' 
After  these  things — at  the  outset  of  the  second 
volume  of  the  folio  edition,  vol.  iv.  p.  269  of  the 
present  reprint — conies  a  series  of  early  voyages, 
some  of  them  more  or  less  apocryphal,  beginning 
before  the  incarnation  of  Christ.  Many  of  these 
are  brief  records  derived  from  Matthew  Paris, 
Holinshed,  Camden,  &c.,  the  Latin  text  and  a 
translation  being  both  given.  The  voyage  of  King 
Richard  I.  into  Asia  is  taken  from  Foxe's  book  of 
'Acts  and  Monuments.'  Very  briefly  treated  are 
the  victories  of  Sir  John  Hawkwood  and  the 
travels  to  Jerusalem,  1399,  of  Thomas,  Lord  Mow- 
brey,  Duke  of  Norfolke,  banished  by  Richard  II. 


Admirably  executed  illustrations  constitute  still 
a  delightful  feature.  The  frontispiece  to  vol.  iii.  is 
a  portrait  of  Sir  Jerome  Bowes,  looking  very  gallant 
in  his  ambassadorial  dress,  from  the  picture  at> 
Charlton  Park.  A  portrait  of  Abd'  Ullah  Khan 
is  from  a  MS.  in  the  British  Museum.  Others 
follow  of  Abraham  Ortelius,  from  his  '  Theatrum 
Orbis  Terrarum,'  and  of  Gerardus  Mercator  and 
Jodocus  Hondius,  from  the  first  English  edition 
of  Mercator's  'Atlas.'  Burrough's  'Chart  of  the 
Northern  Ocean '  is  of  singular  interest.  A  curious 
picture  of  a  Russian  Lodia,  or  small  coaster,  a  plan 
of  Moscow,  1571,  and  a  map  of  Russia,  1571,  are 
also  provided.  William  Cecil,  Lord  Burghley,  is 
the  frontispiece  to  vol.  iv.,  and  is  succeeded  by 
Charles  Howard,  Earl  of  Nottingham,  Sir  Horatio 
Pallavicini,  the  Earl  of  Essex,  and  Sir  Robert 
Southwell.  There  are  also  designs  of  the  Ark 
Royal,  and  many  admirably  helpful  designs  of  sea 
fights. 

A  Brief  History  of  Old  English  Porcelain  and  it* 
Manufactories.  By  M.  L.  Solon.  (Bemrose  £ 
Sons.) 

THIS  splendid  and  admirably  illustrated  volume 
is  a  boon  to  the  collector  and  the  connoisseur. 
With  praiseworthy  modesty,  the  author,  to  whom 
is  already  owing  '  The  Art  of  the  Old  English 
Potter,'  affirms  that  he  claims  to  have  contributed 
no  fresh  materials  to  what  has  been  gathered  by 
his  predecessors.  All  that  he  prides  himself  on 
having  done  is  to  have  banished  from  his  work  all 
that  is  inaccurate  and  most  that  is  superfluous. 
That  a  fair  number  of  works  on  the  subject  are  in 
existence  is  proven  by  the  bibliography  of  British 
books  which  he  adds  at  the  close  of  his  volume- 
He  may,  however,  at  least  be  credited  with  supply- 
ing in  a  compact  and  convenient  form  a  history 
of  the  great  manufactories  of  English  porcelain, 
together  with  marvellously  executed  reproductions 
in  black  or  in  colour  of  some  of  their  most  character- 
istic products.  Before  all  things  Mr.  Solon  is  an- 
enthusiast.  In  his  opening  page  he  speaks  of 
Oriental  porcelain,  with  its  substance  "  as  white 
and  pure  as  the  petals  of  a  lily";  its  texture  "as 
dense  and  translucent  as  that  of  the  onyx,  and  as 
soft  [qy.  smooth?]  to  the  touch  as  the  nacreous 
lining  of  a  shell"  ;  and  the  colours  with  which  it  is 
enamelled  rivalling  "  in  brilliancy  those  that  glitter 
on  the  wing  of  a  gorgeous  butterfly."  With  the 
attempts  in  England  to  produce  a  translucent  ware 
his  book  is  concerned.  The  first  recorded  effort  of 
the  kind  dates  from  1671,  when  John  Dwight  mad_e 
experiments  in  that  direction  in  Fulham.  It  is 
not,  however,  till  1745  that  the  author  finds  the 
china  works  at  Bow  and  Chelsea  in  working  order, 
to  be  followed,  a  few  years  later,  by  those  at  Derby 
and  Worcester.  The  first  attempts  to  obtain  soft 
china  by  a  mixture  of  chemical  substances  fused 
into  what  is  called  a  "  frit"  were  speedily  successful- 
For  the  account  of  these  processes,  and  of  the 
porcelaine  tendre  of  Vincennes  and  Saint-Cloud,  the 
reader  must  consult  the  book.  Between  1745  and 
1820  a  score  different  manufactories  are  described. 
That  slight  recognition— or,  rather,  entire  neglect 
— is  accorded  English  pottery  by  foreign  historians 
and  connoisseurs  is  attributed  in  part  to  the 
fact  that  writers  on  the  subject  borrow,  mis- 
understand, and  misquote  from  the  somewhat 
antiquated  '  Collection  towards  a  History  of 
Pottery  and  Porcelain'  of  Marryat.  To  Thomas- 
Frye,  one  of  the  managers  of  the  works  at  Bow» 


200 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,      tio*  s.  i.  MARCH  5, 1904. 


was  granted  the  first  patent  relating  to  the 
invention  of  English  porcelain.  On  his  tomb  Frye 
is  described  as  the  inventor  and  first  manufacturer 
•of  porcelain  in  England.  In  1758  the  manufacture 
seems  to  have  been  at  its  height,  and  by  1763  to 
ihave  grievously  declined.  No  other  porcelain 
manufactory  has  been  so  productive  as  was  Chelsea 
between  1750  and  1764.  In  the  recent  sale  of  Lord 
H.  Thynne  3,2551.  was  paid  for  one  pair  of  Chelsea 
vases,  and  5,4CKtf.  for  a  set  of  four  representing  the 
seasons.  We  may  not  be  tempted,  however,  by 
Mr.  Solon's  fascinating  book  to  enter  upon  what 
might  easily  become  a  long  history.  Longton  Hall, 
Derby,  Swansea,  Worcester,  Coalport,  Plymouth, 
Bristol,  Liverpool,  Lowestoft,  are  a  few  among  the 
seats  of  the  craft  which  are  described,  and  these 
are  places  in  which  all  sign  of  the  industry  is  now 
lost.  Spode,  Minton,  Davenport,  and  Wedgwood 
are  all  duly  noticed.  The  Rockingham  works  at 
Swinton,  at  which  vases  of  exceptional  size  and 
gorgeous  decoration  were  produced,  come  last. 
They  were  opened  in  1820,  and  closed  as  a  failure 
in  1842.  Much  that  is  narrated  concerning  designers, 
painters,  &c.,  is  infinitely  sad,  and  the  oook,  with 
all  its  splendid  specimens  of  ware,  inspires  an 
occasional  sigh.  It  is  none  the  less  a  delightful 
possession  and  a  work  de  luxe,  to  which  it  is  difficult 
to  accord  full  justice.  It  is,  moreover,  issued  in  a 
limited  edition. 

An  Introduction  to  Breton  Grammar.    By  J.  Percy 

Treasure.  (Carmarthen,  Spurrell  &  Son.) 
THE  author  of  this  little  volume  reminds  us  that 
it  is  not  yet  quite  a  year  ago  that  the  French 
Minister  of  Spiritual  Affairs  issued  an  arbitrary 
and  autocratic  edict,  which  virtually  deprived  over 
one  million  Breton  people  of  all  effective  religious 
instruction  by  insisting  that  it  should  only  be  given 
through  the  medium  of  French.  To  arrest  this 
threatened  extinction  of  an  ancient  tongue,  near 
akin  to  the  Cornish  and  Welsh,  and  to  bespeak 
attention  to  it  among  Bretons  generally,  Mr.  Trea- 
sure has  compiled  this  grammar.  He  holds  that 
the  Breton  speech  bears  almost  as  close  a  resem- 
blance to  the  old  Cornish  as  Portuguese  does  to 
(Spanish,  though  it  may  be  doubted  whether  a 
Cornishman  could  ever  have  held  intelligible  con- 
verse with  a  Breton.  His  work  is  concise,  but 
probably  sufficient  for  those  who  essay  a  general 
literary  acquaintance  with  the  language  of  "their 
Armorican  relatives  in  Little  Britain." 

(lerrard  Street  and  its  Neighbourhood.  By  H.  B. 
Wheatley,  F.S.A.  Illustrated.  (Kegan  Paul  & 
Co.) 

THIS  interesting  little  pamphlet  has  been  issued  to 
x'.ommemorate  the  removal  of  its  publishers  to 
Gerrard  Street,  to  the  house  where  Dryden  lived 
after  his  leaving  Long  Acre,  and  where  he  died  on  the 
1st  of  May,  1700.  The  parish  books  of  St.  Anne's, 
Hoho,  show,  under  the  heading  of  "Gerrard  Street 
South,"  the  amount  paid  by  him  for  the  poll  tax 
in  1690  to  be  as  follows : — 

Mr.  Draydon  :  his  lady £1    2 

Jane  Mason,  servant  maid         1 

Mary  Mason,  servant  maid        1 

Dryden's  house  was  No.  43,  and  Macclesfield  House 
(Nos.  34  and  35)  was  immediately  opposite  Maccles- 
field Street.  Lord  Macclesfield  died  there  on  Novem- 
ber 4th,  1701,  when  his  son  Lord  Mohun  went  to 
reside  there.  The  "wicked"  Lord  Lyttelton  was 
one  of  its  inhabitants,  and,  much  later,  Charles 


Kemble.  Mrs.  Fanny  Kemble  refers  to  it  in  her 
'Old  Woman's  Gossip'  in  the  Atlantic  Monthly, 
1875.  The  house  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1888. 
No.  9,  the  "Turk's  Head,"  "gained  fame  as  the 
home  of  the  Literary  Club  founded  by  Johnson  and 
Reynolds  in  1764."  Gibbon  also  stayed  there,  and 
one  of  the  foremost  of  its  members,  Edmund 
Burke,  lived  at  No.  37  during  the  time  of  the  trial 
of  Warren  Hastings.  It  was  on  the  table  here  that 
Burke's  old  friend  Dr.  Brqcklesby  left  the  letter  of 
2  July,  1788,  requesting  him  to  accept  "  an  instant 
present  of  one  thousand  pounds  which  for  years 
past  by  will  I  had  destined,  as  a  testimony  of  my 
regard,  on  my  decease."  At  No.  36  "David 
Williams,  the  founder  of  the  Royal  Literary  Club, 
died.  This  was  originally  the  office  of  the  Fund." 
The  pamphlet  contains  a  portrait  of  the  poet 
Dryden's  house  as  it  was,  also  the  present  build- 
ing, and  a  view  of  the  district  from  Faithorne's 
plan  of  London,  1658,  Gerrard  Street  and  neigh- 
bourhood from  Stow,  and  a  plan  of  the  district  at 
the  present  time. 

We  cannot  close  this  notice  without  congratulat- 
ing Mr.  Spencer  C.  Blackett,  the  managing  director 
of  Messrs.  Kegan  Paul,  Trench,  Triibner  &  Co.,  on 
having  induced  Mr.  Wheatley  to  write  this  valuable 
contribution  to  the  history  of  Soho.  We  heartily 
wish  the  firm  many  years  of  prosperity  in  its  new 
home. 

MR.  GEORGE  C.  PEACHEY  has  issued  through 
Messrs.  Keliher  &  Co.  a  Life  of  William  Savory  of 
Brightivalton,  with  historical  notes.  It  contains 
extracts  from  his  commonplace  books  in  1778-9, 
and  will  be  of  high  value  to  all  interested  in  surgical 
and  medical  biography. 


ia 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "  Duplicate." 

A.  M.  BRYMER  ("  Who  plucked  this  flower?").-— 
Said  at  6th  S.  xi.  399  to  be  on  a  gravestone  in  Lutter- 
worth  Churchyard.  See  also  7th  S.  i.  79 ;  iii.  494. 

NOTICE, 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'" — Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
lisher " — at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  E.C. 

We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
communications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do  not 
print ;  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


10»  S.  I.  MARCH  5,1904.]  NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 

THE    ATHENJEUM 

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EDWARD    STANFORD'S    LIST. 


abo 


MURRAY'S    HANDBOOKS    FOR    TRAVELLERS. 

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201 


LONJON,  SATURDAY.  MARCH  12, 


CONTENTS.-No.  11. 

NOTES  :— The  Wreck  of  the  Wager.  201— Clement  Smyth 
— Tasso  and  Mi Itou,  202— Burton's  'AiiHtomy,' 203— Shake- 
speare's Sonnet  cxlvi.—"  As  the  crow  flies  "—Lincolnshire 
Riddle — Spenser — Jacobite  Wineglasses — "Morale,"  204 —  I 
Catherine  Hajes  —Aid wych  —  Cobweb  Pills  — Thorwald-  ; 
sen's  Bust  of    Byron— Misprints  in  Stow,  205— Spanish 
Proverb    on  the   Orange  —  Negroes  and  Law  —  Ghosts' 
Markets,  206. 

QUERIES  : — Irish  Historical  and  Artistic  Relics — Manitoba,  I 
206— Riddle— Thackeray— Temple  College,  Philadelphia—  ' 
Leche— Eli/a  Scudder's  Poems— Cots— French  Cloister  in 
England— A.E.I.— Plato  and  Sidney— Sir  Hugh  Platt,  207 
— Browning's  Text — "Sorpeui":  "Haggovele" — Sundial 
— Historical  Geography  of  London— Yeoman  of  the  Crown 
— London  Rubbish  at  Moscow— Gervaise  Holies— Travers, 
208 — Duchess  of  Gloucester — Pope  and  German  Literature 
—Hanged  and  Drawn— Salisbury  Cade— Soulac  Abbey,  209. 

REPLIES  :— Tea,  209— Nelson's  Sister  Anne— Hydrophobic 
Patients,  210  —  "  Chaperon  "  —  "An  Austrian  army" —  | 
French  Miniature  Painter— Knight  Templar,  211— Melan-  | 
choly  —  Mangosteen  —  Comber,  212  —  Quotations — White- 
bait Dinner  —  Clavering,  213  —  Crimson  Robes— Curious 
Christian  Names—"  Crown  and  Three  Sugar  Loaves,"  214 
—Oldest  Public  School,  215— Thackeray  Quotation— Glow- 
worm— St.  Dunstan — W.  Stephens,  President  of  Georgia 
— Herondas,  216 — Authors  of  Quotations— Western  Rebel- 
lion—Turner: Canaletto  —  "  Meynes  "  and  "Rhlnes" — 
Capt.  Cuttle — Epitaphs— Immurement  Alive,  217 — Robin 
a  Bobbin  — Right  Hon.  E.  Southwell  —  Miss  Lewen  — 
Genealogy,  218. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS :  —  ' English  Dialect  Dictionary'  — 
'  English  Literature  '—The  '  Burlington  '—Magazines  and 
Reviews. 

Death  of  Mr.  Thompson  Cooper. 


THE   WRECK  OF  THE  WAGER. 

IN  this  month's  number  of  the  Cornhill 
Magazine  is  a  paper  on  the  'Wreck  of  the 
Wager.'  Byron's  'Narrative'  has  passed 
through  many  editions,  and  it  is  still  one  of 
the  most  popular  of  naval  stories.  The  first 
edition  was  published  in  1768.  Probably 
Hamilton  was  then  the  only  other  surviving 
officer.  Several  editions  give  a  memoir  of 
Byron,  but  as  no  edition,  so  far  as  I  am  aware, 
gives  a  memoir  of  Cheap  or  Hamilton  the 
following  notes,  which  I  made  a  few  years 
ago,  may  be  of  interest  to  some  readers  of 
«X.  &Q.' 

Although  news  from  Patagonia  travelled 
slowly  in  those  days,  it  was  not  very  long 
before  the  fate  of  the  Wager  was  known  in 
England.  I  found  in  the  Gentleman's  Maga- 
zine, under  date  September,  1742,  mention  of 
a  letter  from  the  lieutenant  of  the  Wager, 
and,  under  date  June,  1744,  the  following 
notice: — 

"  Admiralty  Office,  June  12.  His  Majesty's  Con- 
*ul-Ueneral  at  Lisbon  has  received  a  letter,  dated 
the  14th  Feb.,  1743,  from  Captain  David  Cheap, 
late  Commander  of  his  Majesty's  ship  the  Wager, 
cast  away  in  the  South  Seas  in  May,  1741,  advising 
of  his  being  in  good  health  at  Santiago  in  Chili, 


together  with  Lieut.  Thomas  Hamilton  of  Colonel 
Lowther's  regiment  of  marines,  and  two  midship- 
men, one  of  whom  is  Mr.  Biron,  brother  to  Lord 
Biron :  and  that  they  met  with  very  honourable 
treatment  from  the  President  of  Chili." 

In  the  same  periodical,  under  date  April, 
1745,  a  letter  from  Don  Manuel,  Spanish 
officer  in  Pizarro's  squadron,  is  given,  in 
which  he  names  Cheap,  Hamilton,  Byron, 
and  Campbell,  and  tells  of  his  offer  of  a  gift 
of  a  large  sum  of  money  to  them,  and  that 
they  would  only  take  600  dollars,  giving  him 
a  cheque  for  that  amount.  He  had  not  wished 
any  of  it  repaid.  Under  date  March,  1746, 
I  found  the  following  announcement : — 

"Monday,  24th. — Arrived  at  London  Capt.  Cheap, 
Commander  of  the  Wager  storeship  lost  in  the 
South  Sea.  The  captain  with  the  Hon.  Mr.  Biron, 
and  Mr.  Hamilton,  Lieutenant  of  Marines,  were 
brought  in  a  cartel  ship  from  Brest,"  &c. 

In  the  Scots  Magazine  is  the  following 
entry,  under  date  14  September,  1748  : — 

"At  York,  Capt.  David  Cheap,  late  Commander 
of  the  Wager  storeship,  which  was  lost  in  the  South 
seas  in  the  year  1741,  to  Mrs.  Ann  Clark,  daughter 
to  Mr.  Hugh  Clark,  of  Edinburgh,  merchant,  and 
widow_  of  Major  Robert  Brown,  of  Fleming's  foot, 
who  died  in  January,  1746." 

Cheap  belonged  to  a  Fifeshire  family,  the 
Cheaps  of  Rossie,  and  a  brother  of  his  was 
collector  of  customs  at  Prestonpans. 

Lieut.  Thomas  Hamilton  was  eon  of  James 
Hamilton,  Esq.,  of  Olivestob,  an  estate  in 
Haddingtonshire.  It  was  bought  in  1733  by 
the  celebrated  Col.  Gardiner,  who  changed 
its  name  to  Bankton.  Doddridge,  in  his 
'Life  of  Gardiner,'  writes  of  having  received 
from  him,  before  the  end  of  1743,  "  many 
letters  dated  from  Bankton."  The  lands 
adjoined  the  field  which  became  the  battle- 
field of  Prestonpans,  where  Gardiner  was 
slain.  Immediately  on  Hamilton's  return  to 
England  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
captain  in  the  army  (8  May,  1746),  and  on 
31  August,  1747,  he  was  appointed  to  the 
8th  Dragoons.  I  have  an  'Army  List'  of 
1756,  in  which  he  is  shown  a.<?  senior  captain 
in  the  regiment,  and  stationed  at  Gort  in 
Ireland.  He  was  promoted  to  major  in 
the  same  regiment  in  1760,  and  he  retired 
in  1762.  An  old  miniature  of  him,  in 
his  regimental  uniform,  is  in  the  possession 
of  J.  G.  Hamilton-Starke,  Esq.,  of  Troqueer 
Holm,  N.B.  The  uniform  of  the  8th  Dragoons 
was  altered  from  scarlet  to  blue  in  1777,  when 
the  regiment  received  the  title  of  "The 
King's  Royal  Irish  Regiment  of  Light 
Dragoons."  Hamilton  married  his  cousin 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Col.  Urquhart,  of 
Newhall.  After  his  retirement  he  built  a 
house  near  Musselburgh,  which  he  called 


202 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io'»  s.  i.  MARCH  12, 1904. 


Olivebank,  and  there  he  died  on  30  July, 
1773  (Scots  Magazine).  The  site  of  the 
mansion  is  now  occupied  by  a  railway 
station.  Carlyle  mentions  having  met 
Hamilton,  who,  in  the  course  of  conversa- 
tion, defended  Cheap  against  some  passages 
in  Byron's  'Narrative,'  which,  he  said,  was 
in  many  things  false  or  exaggerated  ('  Auto- 
biography,' p.  193).  W.  S. 


CLEMENT  SMYTH. 

MR.  A.  E.  BAYLEY'S  useful  list  of  early 
members  of  Oriel  College,  Oxford,  at  9th  S.  xi. 
283,  includes  a  Clement  Smyth  who  became 
M.A.  in  1453.  This  graduate  was  not  impro- 
bably identical  with  the  Winchester  scholar 
elected  or  admitted  in  18  Hen.  VI.,  who  is 
mentioned  in  the  College  Eegister  thus  : — 

"Clemens  Smyth  de  Suthwerk  in  com.  Surr.  re. 
[i.e.,  recessit]  ad  Collegium  Oxon  [i.e.,  New  College] 
anno  domini  mccccxliiij.  [Marginal  note :]  Inform. 
Wynton.  12  [i.e.,  12th  Head  Master]." 

After  the  usual  two  years  of  probation  he 
was  Fellow  of  New  College,  1446-53  (Boase, 
'Oxf.  Univ.  Eegister,'  p.  19);  recessit  1453, 
transferens  se  ad  obsequium  (New  College 
Eecords).  He  was  head  master  at  Eton  from 
about  1453  to  1457  or  1458,  when  he  became  a 
Fellow  there  (Maxwell  Lyte's  'Eton  College,' 
p.  66  ;  Cust's  '  Eton  College,'  pp.  20,  51).  He 
held  the  head-mastership  at  Winchester  for 
about  two  years,  1462-4*  (Kirby's  'Win- 
chester Scholars,'  pp.  60,  76),  and  then  was 
head  master  of  Eton  again  until  about  1469 
(Maxwell  Lyte  and  Cust,  loc.  cit.).  He  was 
canon  and  prebendary  at  Windsor  1467-9, 
as  the  dates  are  given  in  Le  Neve's  '  Fasti,' 
by  Hardy,  iii.  388 ;  but  it  appears  from  the 
1  Calendar  of  Patent  Rolls,  1467-77,'  p.  236, 
that  in  February,  1470/1,  he  exchanged 
benefices  with  John  Crecy,  canon  and  pre- 
bendary of  St.  John  in  the  Collegiate  Church 
of  St.  Mary,  Warwick.  See  also  Dugdale's 

Warwickshire.'  i.  437,  edition  1730.  He 
probably  died  before  22  February,  1502 
(?  1502/3),  when  William  Clerk  was  admitted 
to  the  Warwick  prebend,  vacant  through  the 
last  incumbent's  death  (Dugdale). 

My  reason  for  thinking  that  the  Oxford 
graduate  was  the  Wykehamist  is  that  in 
March,  1453/4,  the  graduate  received  a  dis- 
pensation, Mr.  Chyld  being  allowed  to  read 
for  him  (Boase,  P-  19),  and  this  Chyld  was 
probably  William  Chyld,  Fellow  of  New 


*  Per.hap8  these  dates  should  be  1466-7.     See 

\ictona  History  of  Hants,'  ii.  366 ;  and  Christopher 

WHW^T  ?     Clem««  SmithiiB'  in  Richard 

gth  §e"  3g£k  of  P°ern8>  whlch  was  referred  to  at 


College,  M.A.  January,  1452/3  (Boase,  p.  19  ; 
Kirby,  p.  58).  In  Leach's  '  Winchester  College,' 
p.  200,*  the  scholar  and  subsequent  head 
master  at  Winchester  is  identified  with 
a  Clement  Smyth  who  was  master  of 
the  scholars  at  Higham  Ferrers  College, 
Northants,  in  December,  1443 ;  but  the  dates 
render  it  scarcely  possible  that  the  Higham 
Ferrers  master  was  identical  with  the  Win- 
chester scholar.  According  to  Bridges  and 
Whalley's  '  Northamptonshire,'  i.  213,  ii.  44, 
a  "  Mag.  Clem.  Smy tn,  A.M.,  Presbyter,"  was 
instituted  rector  of  Wapenham  on  16  May, 
1453,  and  vacated  the  living  in  or  before 
1467 ;  and  a  person  of  the  same  names  and 
degree  was  instituted  rector  of  Lodington 
on  20  May,  1486,  and  vacated  the  living  in 
1489.  On  the  question  whether  this  person 
was  identical  with  the  Higham  Ferrers 
master  or  with  the  Eton  and  Winchester 
master,  I  should  prefer  not  to  hazard  any 
guess.  Can  MR.  BAYLEY,  or  any  other  reader,, 
throw  light  on  that  question,  or  give  informa- 
tion as  to  the  career  of  the  Clement  Smyth 
who  is  said  (Boase,  19)  to  have  been  Fellow 
of  Oriel  College  in  1446  ?  H.  C. 


TASSO  AND  MILTON. 

EEADING  through  a  translation  of  part  of 
Tasso's  '  La  Gerusalemme  Liberata '  by  my 
brother-in-law,  Mr.  C.  W.  Neville  Eolfe,  I 
find  attached  to  it  a  comparison  of  some  of 
the  stanzas  of  the  fourth  canto  with  some 
passages  in  'Paradise  Lost'  which  may 
possibly  interest  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.' : — 

"It  would  at  once  occur  to  any  reader  of  the 
fourth  canto  of  Tasso  that  in  the  description  of  the 
Council  of  Demons  some  parallels  might  be  found 
in  '  Paradise  Lost.'  Without  in  the  least  suggesting 
plagiarism  in  such  a  master  as  Milton,  it  is  not 
saying  too  much  to  conclude  that  such  a  student  of 
Italian  as  he  was  had  at  least  read  Tasso,  and  per- 
haps unconsciously  here  and  there  borrowed  from 
him  an  idea.  However  that  may  be,  these  com- 
parisons are  always  interesting,  and  each  may 
judge  for  himself  whether  such  likeness  as  exists 
sprang  from  the  treatment  of  the  subject  by  two 
master  minds  arguing  from  similar  premisses,  or 
whether  it  was  due  to  one  borrowing  the  idea  from 
the  other. 

"  I  think  few  would  deny  that  Milton's  Satan  i» 
an  archfiend  more  subtle  and  more  finely  conceived 
than  the  Pluto  of  Tasso.  In  common  with  Dante, 
Tasso  portrayed  the  Author  of  Evil  after  the 
mediaeval  model  of  his  day,  and  painted  him  in 
colours  so  revolting  that  every  trace  of  his  pre- 
vious condition  is  lost." 


*  Where  for  "Chicheley's  Register  (11,  6)  on 
18  December,  1443,"  read  "Stafford's  Register 
(11,  6b)  on  15  December,  1443,"  a  correction  which, 
will  appear  in  Mr.  Leach's  account  of  Higham 
Ferrers  College  in  a  forthcoming  volume  of  thV 
'Victoria  History  of  Northamptonshire;' 


10*  S.I.  MARCH  12, 1904.]        NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


203 


The  translations  of  Tasso  that  follow  are 
quite  literal.  I  give  them  in  preference  to 
the  original,  as  some  of  your  readers  may 
not  be  masters  of  the  Italian  language  : — 

What  though  the  field  be  lost  ? 
All  is  not  lost :  the  unconquerable  will, 
And  study  of  revenge,  immortal  hate, 
And  courage  never  to  submit  or  yield, 
And  what  is  else  not  to  be  overcome  ; 
That  glory  never  shall  His  wrath  or  might 
Extort  from  me.  '  Paradise  Lost,'  Book  I. 

"Twere  idle  to  deny — worsted  we  failed  ; 
Yet  the  grand  thought  lacked  none  of   Virtue's 

own. 

Whate'er  it  was  gave  victory  to  His  will, 
Unconquered  daring  is  our  glory  still. 

'Ger.  Lib.,' Canto  IV. 

"  Is  this  the  region,  this  the  soil,  the  clime," 
Said  then  the  lost  Archangel,  "  this  the  seat 
That  we  must  change  for  heaven  ?  this  mournful 

gloom 
For  that  celestial  light  ?" 

'Paradise  Lost,'  Book  I. 
And  we  in  lieu  of  day  serene  and  pure, 
Of  golden  sun,  of  treading  starry  ways, 
Are  here  immured  in  this  abyss  obscure. 

'Ger.  Lib., 'Canto  IV. 

On  the  other  side,  Satan,  alarm'd, 
Collecting  all  his  might,  dilated  stood, 
Like  Teneriff  or  Atlas,  unremov'd  : 
His  stature  reached  the  sky. 

'  Paradise  Lost,'  Book  IV. 
His  rough  and  weighty  sceptre  doth  he  swing ; 
The  seas  contain  no  loftier  rock  nor  cliff', 
Calpe  nor  Atlas  higher  raise  their  peaks. 

'Ger.  Lib.,' Canto  IV. 

To  conclude  with  one  or  two  minor 
instances,  Milton  puts  these  words  into  the 
mouth  of  the  Almighty  : — 

Necessity  and  chance 
Approach  not  me,  and  what  I  will  is  Fate. 

'  Paradise  Lost,'  Book  VII. 

Let  what  I  will  be  Fate !   (Sia  destin  cio  ch'  io 
voglio).  '  Ger.  Lib.,'  Canto  IV. 

To  spite  us  more, 

Determined  to  advance  into  our  room 
A  creature  formed  of  earth,  and  him  endow, 
Exalted  from  so  base  original, 
With  heavenly  spoils,  our  spoils. 

'  Paradise  Lost,'  Book  IX. 
Mankind  he  calls  into  Eternal  Day, 
Vile  earth-born  man  made  of  still  viler  clay. 
*  *  *  * 

Conqueror  triumphant,  and  in  our  despite 
Displayed  the  spoils  of  Hell  in  Heaven's  sight 
'  Ger.  Lib.,'  Canto  IV. 

The  above  -will  appear  to  most  reader 
fairly  numerous  instances  of  similarity  whei 
it  is  remembered  that  Tasso's  description  o 
Hell  and  his  report  of  Pluto's  speech  ar 
limited  to  some  eighteen  stanzas  in  th 
whole  epic.  HOLCOMBE  INGLEBY. 

Heaeham,  Norfolk. 


JURTON'S  '  ANATOMY  OF  MELANCHOLY,' 

(See  9th  S.  xi.  181,  222,  263,  322,  441 ;  xii.  2,  62, 

162,  301,  362,  442 ;  10th  S.  i.  42, 163.) 

THE  first  four  of  the  following  notes  should 
trictly  have  been  given  before  : — 

Vol.  i.  p.  14,  1.  5  and  n.  1  ;  3,  1.  10  and  n.  b, 
'  turbine  raptus  ingenii  —  Scaliger."  '  De 
Subtil.,'  Exercit.  324,  "  videris  turbine 
aptus,  atque  tempestate  ingenii  tui." 

P.  43,  n.  3  ;  20,  n.  p,  "Anaxagoras  oliin 
mens  dictus  ab  antiquis."  See  the  lines  of 
?imon  ap.  Diog.  Laert.,  ii.  3, 1.  Traversarius's 
rendering  as  given  by  Cobet  begins 

Fertur  Anaxagoras  quondam,  fortissimus  heros,. 

Mens  dictus. 

P.  44,  1.  11 ;  21, 1.  6,  "an  enemy  to  all  arts- 
and  sciences,  as  Athenseus."  See  xiii.  588a, 
where  Epicurus,  not  Socrates,  is  described  as 
fyKVK\iov  TrcuSet'as  a/xiWos  wv,  the  "omnium 
disciplinarum  ignarus  of  Burton's  marginal 
note. 

P.  58,  1.  30 ;  30,  1.  4,  "Flos  hominum."  Cf, 
J.  C.  Scaliger,  '  Lacrymae,'  ix.  1,  in  '  Poemata' 
(1574),  Pt.  I.  540  :— 

Flos   hominum,    flos    idem    hominum,    sobolesque 
Deorum. 

P.  85,  1.  1;  45,  1.  13,  "his  [Cardan's]  triiun* 

viri    terrarum are    Ptolemseus,    Plotinus, 

Hippocrates."    '  De    Subtil.,'    xvi.     804,    ecK 
Bas.,  1582. 

P.  85,  1.  2:  45,  1.  14,  "  Scaliger,  exercitat- 
224."  Should  be  324.  For  "  Galen  fimbriam 
Hippocratis  "  see  '  Conf.  Fab.  Burd.,'  p.  202, 
ed.  1612. 

P.  85,  1.  8 ;  45, 1.  19,  "Scaliger  and  Cardan, 
admire  Suisset  the  Calculator,  qui  psene 
modum  excessit  humani  ingenii."  Seal.,  '  De 
Subtil.,'  Exercit.  324,  "qui  psene  modum 
excessit  ingenii  humani,"  and  Cardan,  *  De 
Subt.,'  xvi.  802. 

P.  85,  n.  6  ;  45,  n.  f,  "  Actione  ad  Subtil,  in 
Seal.  fol.  1226."  Cardan's  "In  Calumnia- 
torem  librorum  de  Subtilitate  actio  prima," 
p.  1015  ad  fin.  in  1582  ed.  of  his  '  De  Subt.' 

P.  85,  n.  '13;  45,  n.  m,  "Ps."  Add 
xxxvi.  8. 

P.  87, 1.  1;  46,  1.  25,  "as  you  may  read  at 
large  in  Constantino's  husbandry."  See 
'  Geoponica,'  x.  4,  4-9. 

P.  87,  1.  2 ;  46,  1.  26,  "  That  antipathy 
betwixt  the  vine  and  the  cabbage,  wine  and 
oil."  See  'Geopon.,'  v.  11,  3;  and  xii.  17, 
17-21. 

P.  87,  n.  1  ;  46,  n.  b,  "  See  Lipsius,  epist." 
Cent.  I.  ad  Bel  gas,  44. 

P.  87, 1.  20  and  n.  4  ;  43,  n.  c,  "  Cato— Lib. 
de  re  rust."  See  Cato,  'De  Agri  Cultura/ 
i.  2,  "vicini  quo  animo  niteant,  id  animurn 
advertito :  in  bona  regione  bene  nitere 
oportebit." 


204 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [10*  s.  i.  MARCH  12, 190*. 


P.  89,  n.  2  ;  47,  n.  f,  "  Non  viget  respubhca 
•  emus  caput  infirmatur.  Sarisburiensis,  c.  22. 
•Ch  xxii.  of  Book  VI.  of  the  '  Policraticus  , 
the  heading  of  the  chapter  is  "Quod  sine 
prudentia  &  solicitudine  nullus  nmgistratus 
subsistit  incolumis,  nee  viget  respublica  cuius 
•caput  infirmatur." 

P.  91,  1.  10  and  n.  5  ;  49,  1.  9  and  n.  b, 
"Antigonus  — Epist.  ad  Zen."  See  Diog. 
Laert,,  vii.  1,  8,  and  Hercher's  'Epistolog. 
•Grsec.,'  p.  107  (Paris,  1873). 

P.  92, 1.  24  ;  49,  1.  47,  "  Rabulas  forenses." 
Sidonius,  Epist.  iv.  3,  ad  Jin. 

The  title  of  Owen's  epigram  referred  to  at 
:9th  S.  xii.  303,  col.  1, 1.  9  from  foot,  should  be 
1  In  Quintum  [not  Quintam]  et  Quintinam.' 
EDWARD  BENSLY. 

The  University,  Adelaide,  South  Australia. 
(To  be  continued.) 


SHAKESPEARE'S  SONNET  CXLVL— The  fol- 
lowing translation  in  Latin  elegiacs,  by  a 
well-known  expert  in  that  form,  has  been 
sent  to  us  : — 

'0  anima,  incest!  qui  pulveris  incola  langues, 

cur  habitum  indigno  sumis  ab  hoste  tuum  ? 
cur  intus  constricta  fame,  tamen  extera  pingis 

assidue,  et  lauta  splendida  veste  nites  ? 
•cur  impendis  opes  tectis,  quae  prsebuit  usu, — 

hospes  eras  tan turn — sors  habitanda  brevi. 
.prodiga  tu  nimiuni !  tanti  moliminis  heres 

verniis : — an  absumpto  corpore  finis  erit? 
mancipiuni  sine  tabescat :  sic  vita  redundet 

amplior  et  rerum  copia  major  era?, 
-divime  merces,  dum  frivola  vendis,  emantur  ; 

divino,  pauper  visa,  fruare  cibo. 
mors,  cui  prteda  homines,  fiet  tibi  prseda  vicissim, 

efc  vita,  exstincta  niorte,  perennis  erit. 

E.  D.  S. 

"As  THE  CROW  FLIES."— Whether  the  crow 
always  flies  straight,  or  only  does  this  when 
on  the  homeward  way,  I  am  not  prepared  to 
•affirm  ;  but  it  is  of  interest  to  note  a  clause 
in  the  will  of  the  late  Baron  Stanley  of 
Alderley  (died  10  December,  1903),  dated 
4  August,  1896,  which  appears  as  follows  in 
the  Illustrated  London  News  of  23  January, 
1904:  "He  devises  all  the  hereditaments 
•within  six  miles  as  the  crow  flies  of  Alderley 
Park,"  &c.  If  the  members  of  the  family  do 
not  agree,  there  seems  to  be  great  probability 
•of  much  work  and  legal  argument  as  to 
•whether  the  line  is  to  be  measured  from  the 
centre  of  the  house,  a  chimney-top,  or  some 
other  starting-point.  HERBERT  SOUTHAM. 

LINCOLNSHIRE  RIDDLE.  —  I  have  just  re- 
ceived the  following  riddle.  Miss  Mabel 
Peacock  suggests  that  an  incident  in  the 
€ivil  War  may  have  given  rise  to  it.  Robert 
Portington,  a  connexion  of  the  Portingtons, 


then  of  Sawcliffe,  and  a  Royalist  of  note, 
was  bitten  by  a  monkey  when  crossing  a 
ferry  on  the  Ouse,  and  died  from  the  wound. 
The  riddle  may  have  been  localized  at  other 
ferries  near  Sawcliffe,  where  the  Portingtons 
resided,  and  in  the  neighbourhood  of  which 
the  monkey  story  would  be  well  known.  The 
riddle  is  this  :— 

As  I  was  goin'  ovver  Butterweek  *  Ferry, 

I  heard  a  thing  cry  "  Chickamacherry,' 

Wi'  dorny  'an'sf  an'  dorny  face, 

White  cockade,  an'  silver  lace. 

J.  T.  F. 
Durham. 

SPENSER  AND  SHAKESPEARE.  —  Rosalind, 
Corin  (  =  Colin),  and  William  are  personages 
in  'As  You  Like  It,'  Corin  and  William 
being  shepherds.  In  Spenser's  'Shepherd's 
Calendar '  1  meet  with  Rosalind,  Colin,  and 
Willy  ;  the  men  are  shepherds.  Here  is  the 
passage : — 

But  tell  me,  shepherds,  should  it  not  yshend 
Your  roundels  fresh,  to  hear  a  doleful  verse 

Of  Rosalind  (who  knows  not  Rosalind?) 
That  Colin  made  ?    Ylke  can  I  you  rehearse. 

T.  C.  BUTTON. 
South  Gosforth. 

JACOBITE  WINEGLASSES.  (See  7th  S.  xi.  8.)— 
At  Chastleton  House,  Oxfordshire,  is  pre- 
served a  set  of  Jacobite  glass,  consisting  of 
two  decanters  and  eleven  wineglasses  (the 
twelfth  presumably  having  been  broken). 
This  was  manufactured  at  Derby  for  a  Jaco- 
bite club  in  Gloucestershire,  of  which  Henry 
Jones  of  Chastleton  (ob.  1761)  was  a  leading 
member.  On  the  decanters  are  a  compass 
pointing  to  a  star,  a  spray  of  roses,  and  the 
word  "Fiat ":  the  glasses  have  only  roses. 
But  two  or  three  sets  of  this  glass  remain, 
the  Chastleton  set  being  the  most  perfect. 
See 'History  and  Description  of  Chastleton 
House,'  by  Mary  Whitmore  Jones  (London, 
1893).  H.  A.  EVANS. 

Oxford. 

"  MORALE."  (See  ante,  p.  93.)— PROF.  STRONG 
cannot,  I  imagine,  be  serious  when  he 
says,  "As  a  matter  of  fact,  there  is  no 
such  word  [as  morale'}  in  French  ;  but  there 
is  a  word  le  moral,  which  means  morality" 
As  a  fact,  both  nouns,  moral  (masc.)  and 
morale  (fern.),  exist  in  French,  as  a  reference 
to  any  ordinary  French  dictionary  will  show. 
What,  I  think,  PROF.  STRONG  should  have 
said  is  that  la  morale  means  morality  (or 
morals),  whereas  in  the  sense  required 
(namely,  the  moral  faculties,  as  distinguished 


*  Sometimes  "  Burringham." 
t  Downy  hands. 


I.  MARCH  12,  1904.]        NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


205 


from  the  physical)  the  French  moral  shoulc 
be  used,  if  a  French  word  must  be  used 
Moral  sometimes  includes  firmness  or  courage 
under  trying  circumstances,  and  it  is  in  this 
sense  that  it  would  be  used.  I  have  very 
little  doubt,  however,  that  the  Professor  anc 
I  are  at  one  in  thinking  that  French  words 
should  not  be  pitchforked  into  English  com- 
position without  very  good  reason. 

EDWARD  LATHAM. 

La  morale  (morality)  not  only  exists,  but 
is  in  French,  as  in  English,  one  of  the  most 
important  of  words.  Le  moral  exists  also, 
and  this  is  how  it  is  defined  by  Littre  : — 

"•Moral,  subs,  niasc.  No.  5,  le  moral:  1'ensemble 
de  nos  facultes  morales.  Le  physique  influe  sur  le 
moral,  et  le  moral  influe  sur  le  physique.  No.  6, 
fermete  a  supporter  les  perils,  les  fatigues,  les  diffi- 
cultes.  Exemples  :  son  moral  s'est  releve ;  remonter 
le  moral  d'nne  annee"  (italics  mine). 

We  see  from  the  last  example  that  to  speak 
of  the  moral  (not  morale)  of  an  army  is 
perfectly  good  French  ;  and  the  expression 
is  in  fact  frequently  used  by  Frenchmen.  It 
therefore  seems  to  me  that  to  write  it  in 
italics  in  English  books  is  absolutely  correct. 
M.  HAULTMONT. 

THACKERAY  AND  CATHERINE  HAYES.  (See 
ante,  p.  64.) — 'Catherine'  was  one  of  Thacke- 
ray's earliest  productions,  and  originally  pub- 
lished in  Frasers  Magazine  more  than  fifty 
years  ago.  It  was  accompanied  by  whole-page 
illustrations  from  the  pencil  of  the  author. 
JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

ALDWYCH.  (See  ante,  p.  138.)— Much  written 
hereon  is  mere  gossip  and  guesswork,  against 
which  are  these  facts.  • 

1.  Mr.  Parton  shows  that  Aldewych  Cross 
stood   at  the  Holborn  end  of  Drury  Lane, 
formerly  the  Via  Regia  or  King's  Highway. 

2.  The    "campo    de    Aldwych,:'    part    of 
St.  Giles's  Fields,  belonged  to  Holborn  Manor. 

3.  At  Domesday  the  king  held  two  cottages 
in  Holborn.    So  Holborn  appears  to  be  all  we 
have  on  record  as  to  the  earliest  known  status 
of  the  Aldwj'ch,  and  that  is  far  away  from 
St.  Clement  Danes. 

4.  We  have  no  valid  record  of  any  grant  of 
land  therein  to  Guthorm  of  East  Anglia.    At 
that  time  the  Strand  was  an  open  shore, 
flooded  at  every  tide,  and  fed  by  streams 
draining   the   higher  ground   of    St.   Giles's 
Fields ;  one  such  was  the  Mill  bourne,  where 
Vikings  might  beach  their  galleys  and  live  as 
Lithsmen    or    Lid  wickers,    rovers    all.      No 
doubt  St.  Clement  was  so  named  from  Danes, 
but  the  higher  ground  was  cultivated,  and 
we  have  no  record    of   any  earlier  village 


there  than  the  Holborn  "cottages "of  Domes- 
day, with  notes  of  a  "  vineyard."  Here  would' 
be  the  "  village." 

5.  In  1101  Queen  Matilda  founded  the 
hospital  of  St.  Giles  without  the  bars  of  the 
old  Temple,  in  the  west  suburb  of  London. 
The  Temple  was  soon  moved  to  Fleet  Street, 
but  conveyancers  still  kept  up  the  old  style  of 
definition  ;  so  Bosham's  Inn  and  garden  have- 
been  described  as  without  the  bar  of  the  old 
Temple,  in  the  street  that  leads  to  the  hospital 
of  St.  Giles.  There  is  an  Aldwick,  hundred 
and  tything,  Pagham,  Sussex  ;  and  an  Old- 
wick  in  Bucks ;  and  it  is  plain  that  the- 
" cottiers"  of  Domesday  were  not  Danish 
rovers;  and  if  they  had  any  "village"  of 
their  own,  it  would  not  be  "old"  to  the  Saxon- 
residents  of  London  city.  A.  HALL. 

COBWEB  PILLS. — The  following  is  an  extract 
from  '  Lives  of  Early  Methodist  Preachers '" 
(Horace  Marshall  &,  Son,  1903).  It  occurs  on 
p.  270  in  a  brief  summary  of  the  life  of  John. 
Pritchard,  who  was  born  in  1746  at  Arthbuy,. 
co.  Meath  : — 

"  In  August,  1781,  I  went  to  Taunton,  and  had' 
For  my  fellow-traveller  Mr.  Boone.  But  we  were 
both  very  ill  of  the  ague.  I  used  the  cold  bath,  and 
took  bark  in  abundance ;  I  walked  and  rode  ;  I  tried' 
electricity  ;  but  the  most  effectual  remedy  I  could; 
find  was  cobweb  pills." 

C.  T. 

THORWALDSEN'S  BUST  OP  BYRON.  (See  6th 
S.  vi.  342.)— On  a  recent  visit  to  the  Ambro- 
sian  Library  at  Milan  I  copied  the  inscrip- 
tion on  the  pedestal  of  Byron's  bust.  It  is- 
strange  that  I  omitted  to  quote  it  when  I 
gave  an  account  of  Thorwaldsen's  work  at  the? 
above  reference  : — 

Byron  Effigies 

Quam 
Thorwaldsen  inventor  Ronchettio 

Sutori  sui  temporis  primo 

Clarioribus  viris  ac  Proceribus  jucundo 

Hujus  F  Antonius  sonantis  eburis  magister 

Bibliothecte  Donavit. 

RICHARD  EDGCUMBE. 
Edgbarrow,  Crowthorne,  Berks. 

DICKENS  AND  SCRIPTURE. — As  an  addition 
;o  the  list  of  adventitious  phrases  doing 
duty  for  Bible  texts  ("  Cleanliness  is  next 
:o  godliness,"  <kc.),  suffer  me,  in  obedience  to 
3apt.  Cuttle's  precept,  to  call  attention  to  the 
'Scriptural  admonition,"  in  "the  letter"  (of 
Scripture),  of  "Know  thyself,"  in  'Nicholas 
STickleby,'  chap.  xliv.  PHILIP  NORTH. 

MISPRINTS  IN  THOMS'S  'STOW.'  — In  1842 

e  late  Mr.  Thorns  published  an  edition  of 

Fohn  Stow's    'Survey  of  London.'    It  con- 

;ains  two  rather  droll  misprints.    The  king 


206 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [10*  s.  i.  MARCH  12,  im 


granted  certain  premises  to  be  held  of  the 
manor  of  East  Greenwich,  "  by  fealty  in  free 
forage"  (p.  156a).  Doubtless  that  is  due  to 
•the  Faint  printing  of  the  original  black-letter  ; 
•the  right  word  is  socage.  On  p.  157b  we 
•read  how  the  wives  of  the  parish  treated  a 
murderer  by  casting  "upon  him  so  much 
•filth  and  odour  of  the  street"— where  ordure 
is  clearly  intended.  W.  C.  B. 

SPANISH  PROVERB  ON  THE  ORANGE.— A 
former  owner  of  a  volume  now  in  my  pos- 
session wrote  on  a  blank  leaf  so  far  back 
as  27  March,  1850,  the  following  lines,  which 
deserve  to  be  borne  in  mind  by  all  who  are 
fond  of  this  delicious  fruit  :— 

Naranja  en  la  manana  es  oro, 

En  el  inedio  dia  es  plata, 

En  la  tarde  es  plomo, 

Y  en  la  noche  te  mata. 

1  subjoin  a  translation,  which  gives  at 
least  the  sense  :— 

Gold  is  orange  sucked  at  morn  ; 
Silver  'tis  at  noon  of  day ; 
Lead,  when  evening  hours  return  ; 
And  at  night  it  doth  thee  slay. 

J.  T.  CURRY. 

NEGROES  AND  THE  LAW.  —  In  his  racy 
autobiographical  sketch  'From  Journalist 
to  Judge '  (p.  158),  Judge  Conde  Williams 
remarks  this  peculiarity  of  negroes  : — 

"It  is  certain  that  the  negro,  here  [Jamaica]  as 
elsewhere,  is  greatly  addicted  to  law  ;  and  the  hold 
which  Baptist  ministers  have  obtained  upon  the 
country  population  is  said  to  be  largely  owing  to 
the  fact  that  they  explain  regularly  from  the 
pulpit,  and  comment  upon,  every  fresh  insular 
legal  enactment.  One  old  negro,  asked  to  explain 
his  disapproval  of  a  certain  local  minister,  answered, 
'  Marsa,  him  preach  only  garspel,  him  no  gib  us  de 
far,'  Cynical  persons  assured  me  that  the  district 
courts  were  really  instituted  after  the  Gordon  riots 
of  1865  to  amuse  the  black  population,  and  give 
them  something  to  occupy  their  minds." 

These  are  not  the  characters  of  'Uncle 
'Tom's  Cabin.'  Wnat  would  a  Spurgeon  say 
to  such  ministerial  tactics  or  make  of  such 
hearers  ?  I  do  not  remember  hearing  of  this 
peculiarity  of  negroes  before. 

FRANCIS  P.  MARCHANT. 
Brixton  Hill. 

GHOSTS'  MARKETs.-The  so-called  Ghosts 
Market  (Kwai-Shi)  recorded  in  the  following 
•extract  would  seem  to  point  to  the  ancient 
practice  of  the  silent  trade  (see  9th  S  xii 
280)  m  various  parts  of  China  :•— 

'"KM.  'R«cord  °f  Annual  Seasons'  (written  i 
the  fifth  century  .')  mentions  a  ghosts'  market  takim 
place  at  the  western  gate  of  Mu-Pan  Avenue 
where  m  winter  nights  there  used  to  be  heJSu 
ghost  s  cries  proffering  dried  faggots  for  sale  Thi 
is  an  instance  of  a  ghost  making  a  sale.  The  'Mis 


ellany  from  Pan-Yu '  (about  the  thirteenth  cen- 
ury  ?)  speaks  of  the  frequent  occurrence  of  ghosts' 
narkets  on  the  coast  of  that  district,  where  the 
>arties  meet  at  midnight  and  disperse  at  cock- 
rowing,  and  where  many  objects  of  curiosity  were 
)rocurable  by  men.  Also  the  god  of  Shi-Tuh 
Temple  formerly  did  business  with  mankind. 
Should  one  throw  a  deed  in  a  pond  close  to  it,  the 
amount  desired  to  be  borrowed  would  be  floated 
up  instantly.  Not  only  money,  but  horses,  cattle, 
ind  everything  else  were  apt  to  be  lent  or  borrowed 
n  this  way.  Further,  at  the  sepulchre  of  the 
•eputed  general  Lien  Pa  (fl.  third  century  B.C.)  in 
Tiau-Chau  the  same  thing  occurred.  These  are 
nstances  of  reciprocal  trading  carried  on  between 
man  and  ghost.  And  the  Emperor  Chi-Hwang  of 
the  Tsin  dynasty  (reigned  221-210  B.C.)  instituted 
an  underground  market,  in  which  living  men  were 
forbidden  to  impose  on  the  dead  ;  this  is  an  instance 
of  man  selling  to  ghost."— Sie  Chung-Chi,  '  Wu- 
tsah-tsu,'  1610,  Japanese  edition,  1061,  torn.  ;ii. 
fol.  46-7- 

Owing  to  the  scarcity  of  books  now  about 
me,  I  am  hindered  from  giving  any  details 
of  this  underground  market  for  the  present. 
If  I  remember  aright,  I  read  in  the  Fuzoku 
Givaho,  about  1893,  that  there  still  survives 
somewhere  in  the  province  of  Hizen,  Japan, 
a  usage  of  wayfarers  putting  coins  in,  and 
taking  fruits  out  of,  a  basket  exposed  on  the 
roadside,  seemingly  ownerless.  About  ten 
minutes'  walk  from  my  present  residence 
there  exists  the  grave  of  a  false  saint  where 
such  a  practice  is  daily  followed  in  buying 

jOSS-sticks.  KUMAGTJSU   MlNAKATA. 

Mount  Nachi,  Kii,  Japan. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

IRISH  HISTORICAL  AND  ARTISTIC  RELICS. — I 
should  be  obliged  if  any  of  your  readers  could 
give  me  information  as  to  the  whereabouts  of 
relics  of  distinguished  Irishmen,  as  a  collec- 
tion of  such  relics  is  being  formed  for  the 
Louisiana  Purchase  Exposition. 

T.  W.  ROLLESTON. 
Department  of  Agriculture  for  Ireland, 
18,  Nassau  Street,  Dublin. 

MANITOBA.— How  is  this  pronounced  in 
Canada  1  Some  of  our  gazetteers  give  it  as 
Manit6ba,  others  as  Manitoba.  Englishmen 
generally  call  it  Manitoba,  but  the  correct 
local  pronunciation  may  be  Manitoba,  as 
that  would  agree  very  well  with  its  deriva- 
tion from  the  two  Odjibwa  words  manito, 
spirit,  and  la,  shortened  from  waba,  a  strait. 
Lake  Manitoba  is  so  called,  according  to 


W-S.  I.  MARCH  12,  1904.]         NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


207 


Bishop  Baraga,  "on  account  of  the  strange 
things  seen  and  heard  in  the  strait  which 
joins  this  lake  with  another  one,  in  the  old 
times."  JAMES  PLATT,  Jun. 

RIDDLE.  —  Some  years  ago  appeared  the 
following  lines  : — 

Men  cannot  live  without  my  first, 

By  day  and  night  :tis  used  ; 
My  second  is  by  all  accursed, 

By  day  and  night  abused ; 
My  whole  is  never  seen  by  day, 

And  never  used  at  night ; 
'  Tis  dear  to  friends  when  far  away, 

And  hated  when  in  sight. 

I  have  written  them  as  repeated  to  me  by 
a  blind  lady,  and  shall  be  glad  to  know  the 
answer.  A.  A.  L. 

[This  riddle  has  been  variously  attributed  to 
Archbishop  Whately,  Praed,  and  Samuel  Wilber- 
force,  and  ignis  fatuus,  heartache,  and  income-tax 
suggested  as  the  answer.  See  3rd  S.  viii.  316 ;  9th  S. 
L  11,  157.] 

THACKERAY  QUERIES.  (See  9th  S.  xii.  446.) 
— I  should  like  to  know  also  who  wrote  'Lines 
on  the  Death  of  Catherine  (Hayes)  Bushnell.' 
They  were  signed  T.  H.,  and  appeared  in  the 
St.  James's  Magazine,  September,  1861. 

Who  wrote  the  poem  (twenty-three  verses) 
1  William  Makepeace  Thackeray,'  thatappeared 
in  Good  Words,  February,  1864  ?  CLIO. 

Bolton. 

TEMPLE  COLLEGE,  PHILADELPHIA.— Several 
Baptist  ministers  in  England  have  received 
the  honorary  degree  of  D.D.  from  this  college. 
Can  any  reader  supply  me  with  information 
as  to  its  status  and  degree-conferring  powers  ? 
BAPTIST  MINISTER. 

LECHE  FAMILY.— I  should  be  glad  of  any 
references  to  the  Leche  family,  who  at  one 
time  owned  the  estate  of  Squerries,  in  the 
parish  of  Westerham,  Kent.  Is  there  any 
record  of  a  marriage  between  a  Leche  and 
Nicholas  Miller,  of  Wrotham,  brother  to  Sir 
Humphrey  Miller,  Bart.  ?  P.  M. 

ELIZA  Sc UDDER'S  POEMS.  —  Has  Eliza 
Scudder  ever  published  her  poems  in  book 
form  ?  and,  if  so,  where  can  I  procure  a  copy  ? 
I  have  met  several  exquisite  poems  of  hers  in 
various  books.  L.  R.  F. 

HEIRLOOM  COTS. — It  was  general  in  the 
sixteenth  century  and  later  for  testators 
specially  to  bequeath  their  "  joined "  bed- 
stead, and  even  their  bedding,  the  legatee 
being  generally  their  eldest  son.  We  know 
of  at  least  one  early  seventeenth-century  will 
in  which  the  family  bedstead  is  shown  to 
have  passed  through  five  generations.  Can 


readers  tell  me  of  existing  wooden  cots  or 
cradles  which  have  been  any  considerable 
time  in  a  family  ?  So  far  as  I  can  recollect, 
the  cots  exhibited  at  the  South  Kensington 
Museum  are  not  historical  ones  ;  but  many 
examples  of  sixteenth  and  seventeenth  cen- 
tury cots  exist  bearing  the  date,  initials,  and 
arms  of  their  first  possessors.  I  shall  be 
very  grateful  for  particulars,  illustrations,  or 
notes  of  such  cots.  FRED.  HITCHIN-KEMP. 
6,  Beechfield  Road,  Catford,  S.E. 

A  FRENCH  CLOISTER  IN  ENGLAND.  —  The 
cloister  of  the  Abbey  of  Jumieges  (Seine- 
Inferieure),  which  is  shown  in  the  view  of 
the  abbey  in  the  'Monasticon  Gallicanum,' 
was  constructed  in  1530.  After  the  French 
Revolution  the  abbey  was  sold  to  M.  Lefort, 
a  timber  merchant  of  Canteleu,  and  he  is 
said  to  have  sold  the  cloister  in  1802  to  an 
English  lord,  who  had  it  conveyed  to  Eng- 
land, and  put  together  again  with  great  care 
in  his  park.  The  tradition  of  this  sale  seems 
to  have  been  preserved  locally,  and  it  is 
related  by  Savalle  in  'Les  Derniers  Moines 
de  Jumieges '  (1867),  p.  37,  and  repeated  by 
Perkins  in  the  American  Journal  of  Archceo- 
logy  (1885),  i.  137.  Is  anything  now  known 
of  the  existence  of  the  remains  of  this  cloister 
in  any  English  park  ]  JOHN  BILSON. 

A.E.I. — For  what  phrase  do  these  letters 
stand  ]  They  are  familiar  to  most  people. 
I  have  asked,  but  no  one  can  translate  them, 
so  to  speak.  I  have  exhausted  the  ordinary 
"  lists  "  of  abbreviations  without  success. 

W.  R. 

[Is  this  not  the  Greek  word  atl,  "  for  ever"  ?] 
PLATO  AND  SIDNEY.— 

0  heaven 

Hath  all  thy  whirling  course  so  small  effect  ? 
Serve  all  thy  starry  eyes  this  shame  to  see. 

Sidney,  'Arcadia,'  xviii. 

In  Grosart's  three- volume  edition,  1877,  is 
appended  to  the  above  this  note  : — 

"  '  All  thy  starry  eyes ' :  a  reminiscence  perhaps 
of  Plato's  epigrammatic  saying  in  a  storm,  that 
the  ship  could  not  perish  with  so  many  eyes  upon 
it  (pointing  to  the  stars)." 

Will  any  reader  kindly  direct  me  to  the 
reference  for  this  saying  of  Plato?  (Of 
course  I  know  the  "  Aster  "  epigram ;  but  that 
is  obviously  not  what  is  meant.) 

H.  K.  ST.  J.  S. 

SIR  HUGH  PLATT'S  ARMS.— What  were  the 
arms  borne  by  Sir  Hugh  Platt,  of  Lincoln's 
Inn,  "  the  most  scientific  horticulturist  of 
his  age"  (he  died  circa  1611)?  He  had  a 
garden  in  St.  Martin's  Lane. 

JAMES  PLATT,  Jun. 


208 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io<«>  s.  i.  MARCH  12, 


BROWNING'S  TEXT. — It  is  well  known  that 
Browning  frequently  made  alterations  in  his 
poems  when  reissuing  them.  I  should,  there- 
fore, be  grateful  if  any  possessors  of  first 
editions  could  tell  me  whether  there  is 
ground  for  the  authenticity  of  the  following 
line  ('  Christmas  Eve,'  viii.), 

He  himself  with  his  human  hair, 
as  it  reads  in  the  Tauchnitz  edition  of  the 
poems.  I  first  learnt  to  know  and  delight  in 
the  poem  in  this  series,  and  am  unwilling  to 
relinquish  the  line,  which,  moreover,  appears 
to  me  far  more  Browningesque  in  character 
(besides  its  indefinable  suggestion  of  St. 
John's  vision  in  Patmos)  than  the  "  human 
air  "  which  is  certainly  the  reading  in  every 
other  edition  I  have  seen. 

C.  M.  HUDSON. 

"  SORPENI  "  :  "  HAGGOVELE."  —  Can  any 
students  of  Old  English  explain  the  origin 
of  the  two  following  words  ? — 

1.  Sorpeni.— This  word  seems  to  have  been 
in  use  at  the  end  of  the  twelfth  century  to 
express  a  certain  customary  payment  then 
made  to  an  abbey  for  grass  for  a  cow. 

2.  Naggovele—  This  word   seems   to  have 
been  in  use  at  the  same  period  to  express 
a  certain  customary  payment  in  respect  of 
burgage  land.     It  has  been  said   that  this 
was  probably  a  head-tax  or  hearth-tax,  but 
I  am  unable  to  gather  any  clear  idea  of  the 
origin  of  the  word  from  this  suggestion. 

R  W. 

PARISH  SUNDIAL.— We  have  at  present  the 
gun-metal  top  of  a  sundial  which  formerly 
stood  in  our  churchyard.  Before  having  it 
set  up  again,  I  should  like  very  much  to 
discover  its  date.  It  weighs  3  Ib.  2  oz.,  is 
9  inches  in  diameter,  and  is  marked  in  front 
"  J  Bennett  London."  I  shall  be  very  glad  of 
any  information  on  the  subject,  and  should 
like  also  to  know  the  names  of  any  books 
which  give  information  on  -sundials  in  general. 

L.  O.  MITCHELL. 
Chobham  Vicarage,  Woking. 

&  Consult  Mrs.  Gatty's  'Book  of  Sundials'  (Bell 

HISTORICAL  GEOGRAPHY  OF  LONDON  —Is 
there-and  if  not,  why  should  there  noYbe— 
a  small  book  dealing  with  this  subject  1  What 
is  really  known  of  the. Thames,  the  rise  of 
the  City  proper  the  evolution  of  Middlesex 
and  burrey  the  first  great  lords  of  the  soil,  the 
extent  of  the  original  manors  and  parishes 
their  subsequent  subdivisions,  down  to  the 
present  time,  embracing  the  whole  area  known 
as  London  to-day,  illustrated  with  outline 
maps  at  every  stage,  showing  enough  of  the 


principal  landmarks  to  guide  an  inquirer — 
such  should  be  the  scope  of  the  book,  which 
need  not  be  more  than  a  shilling  primer.  It 
would  be  more  conducive  to  sober  topo- 
graphical study  than  many  of  the  "hand- 
books "  and  "  histories,"  full  of  heterogeneous, 
and  confusing  details,  often  as  untrustworthy 
as  picturesque.  NEWCOMER. 

YEOMAN  OF  THE  CROWN.— What  were  the 

duties  of  this  office  1  Henry  Sayer,  of  Favers- 

ham,  in  his  will  proved   in   1502,   describes 

himself  as  "  mayor  and  yeoman  of  the  crown." 

ARTHUR  HUSSEY. 

Tankerton-on-Sea,  Kent. 

LONDON  KUBBISH  AT  Moscow.  —  This  oft- 
repeated  tale  has  again  appeared  ;  this  time 
in  the  St.  James's  Gazette,  and  copied  into  the 
City  Press  of  14  January  : — 

"  It  seems  scarcely  credible  that  Moscow  is  built 
upon  London  rubbish.  Such,  however,  is  the  case 
(says  the  St.  James's  Gazette).  An  enormous  heap 
of  refuse  at  the  Battle  Bridge  end  of  what  is  now 
Caledonian  Road,  which  was  '  the  grand  centre 
of  dustmen,  scavengers,  horse  and  dog  dealers, 
knackermen,  brickmakers,  and  other  low  but  neces- 
sary professionalises,'  had  lain  in  that  position 
since  the  Great  Fire.  After  the  destruction  of 
Moscow  upon  the  visit  of  Napoleon,  the  Russians, 
by  some  means,  came  to  hear  of  this  dust  heap. 
They  bought  it — bricks,  bones,  rubbish,  and  all — • 
shipped  it  off  to  Moscow,  and  upon  it  founded  the 
resurrected  city  which  travellers  know  to-day." 

Is  there  any  contemporary  account  in 
corroboration  of  this  statement  1  One  would 
imagine  there  had  been  sufficient  debris  after 
the  fire  at  Moscow,  without  importing  an 
accumulation  in  England  from  1666  to  1812. 

EVERARD   HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

GERVAISE  HOLLES,  the  Grimsby  antiquary, 
left  church  notes  and  other  collections 
relating  to  Lincolnshire,  which  are  now  in 
the  British  Museum.  These  volumes  contain 
a  few  folk-lore  memoranda.  Have  they  ever 
been  printed  ]  There  is  a  volume  of  Holles's 
collections  in  the  Hunterian  Library  in  the 
University  of  Glasgow.  Is  it  a  duplicate 
copy  of  one  of  those  in  the  British  Museum, 
or  an  independent  work  ?  COM.  LINC. 

TRAVERS  FAMILY.— Can  any  reader  tell  me 
the  origin  of  the  surname  Travers,  or  where 
I  can  obtain  information  1  Where  can  a  copy 
of  the  late  Duchess  of  Cleveland's  '  Koll  of 
Battle  Abbey'  be  seen  ?  I  understand  that 
there  is  a  description  of  the  name  therein. 
Years  ago  a  gentleman  descended  from  a 
Lancashire  branch  claimed  that  the  name  is 
derived  from  a  place  in  Normandy,  between 
Bayeux  and  Valognes,  now  known  as  Tre- 


10<»  S.I.  MARCH  12,  1904.]         NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


209 


vieres.  What  was  the  original  spelling  p 
the  name  ?  The  name  of  Travers  is  found  i: 
Domesday  Book.  In  England,  in  the  Middl 
Ages,  there  were  the  names  of  Maltraver 
and  De  Travers ;  and  in  the  Pipe  Rolls,  in  ; 
list  of  Norman  knights  in  Ireland,  is  th 
name  of  De  Trivers.  In  France  there  ar 
two  places  known  as  St.  Trivier.  The  name 
of  Travers,  Trivers,  and  Trevers  are  doubt 
less  of  the  same  origin.  There  is  a  familj 
named  Trivess,  and  another  named  Trevis 
in  this  country,  closely  related,  and  eacl 
tracing  descent  from  a  Travers.  The  nam< 
of  Travers  flourished  in  the  North  of  Eng 
land,  and  the  r  in  the  second  syllable  was 
omitted,  or  was  altered  to  s,  in  the  case  o 
one  or  more  members  who  wended  their  way 
southwards.  MEDIEVAL. 

DUCHESS  OF  GLOUCESTER   AND   DUKE   OF 
SUFFOLK.  —  Can  any  reader  give  me    some 
further  information  about  a  minstrel's  song 
c.  1441  or  1450,  concerning  the  Duchess  o 
Gloucester,  in  which,  I  believe,  the  Duke  o: 
Suffolk  is  described  as  a  fox? 

WINIFRED  LEE. 

The  University,  Birmingham. 

POPE  AND  GERMAN  LITERATURE.— Can  any 
reader  give  me  evidence  of  German  poets 
in  the  eighteenth  and  nineteenth  centuries 
being  influenced  by  Pope  1  There  is  a  striking 
coincidence  between  a  poem  of  Ruckert,  trans- 
lated by  Archbishop  Trench,  ii.  49  (1885 
edition),  and  Pope's  'Essay  on  Man,'  iii.  Zlsqq. 
Has  this  been  remarked  before  ?  Please  reply 
direct.  (Rev.)  CARLETON  GREENE. 

Great  Barford,  St.  Neots. 

"HANGED,  DRAWN,  AND  QUARTERED."— 
What  is  the  exact  meaning,  and  what  is  the 
history,  of  this  form  of  punishment  ? 

KAPPA. 

[See  '  Drawing,  Hanging,  and  Quartering,'  7th  S. 
xi.  502,  and  the  many  references  in  the  Sixth  Series 
there  quoted ;  xii.  129 ;  also  under  '  Decapitation 
for  High  Treason,'  8th  S.  vii.  27,  97,  170,  and  '  Execu- 
tions at  Tyburn  and  Elsewhere,'  9th  S.  ii.  164,  301  • 
vii.  121,  210,  242,  282,  310.] 

SALISBURY  CADE,  son  of  Philip  Cade,  of 
Greenwich,  Kent,  was  admitted  to  West- 
minster School,  27  January,  1777,  and  became 
a  King's  Scholar  in  1779.  I  should  be  glad 
to  know  the  exact  dates  of  his  birth  and 
death.  He  is  said  to  have  died  in  Jamaica. 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

SOUL  AC  ABBEY.— A  friend  wishes  to  know 
whether  any  printed  history  of  the  former 
abbey  of  Soulac  in  France,  somewhere  near 
Bordeaux,  exists.  The  abbey,  I  am  told,  was 
completely  washed  away  by  the  sea  many 
centuries  ago.  L.  L.  K.  ' 


TEA  AS  A  MEAL. 
(8lh  S.  ix.  387  ;  x.  244 ;  9th  S.  xii.  351  ; 

10th  S.  i.  176  ) 

IN  a  letter  from  Barbara,  wife  of  Samuel 
Kerrich,  D.D.,  vicar  of  Dersingham,  and 
rector  of  Wolferton  and  of  West  Newton, 
Norfolk,  to  her  sister,  Elizabeth  Postle- 
thwayt,  at  Denton  Rectory,  in  the  same 
county,  I  find  a  reference  to  afternoon  tea 
as  a  meal.  I  give  the  letter  in  full  on  account 
of  the  interesting  allusions  to  smallpox,  which 
so  long  and  so  direfully  ravaged  that  part  of 
East  Anglia : — 

April  24,  1744. 

DEAR  SISTER, — I  am  going  to  write  a  letter  to 
you,  weh  I  believe  will  be  all  confusion,  between  the 
desire  I  have  of  seeing  you,  &  of  showing  you  my 
dear  little  girl,  &  ye  fear  I  have  of  her  Health.  Mrs. 
Grigson  is  just  come  home  from  seeing  her  Friends 
at  Norwich,  &  Attleborough,  &  brought  such  dismal 
Accounts  of  Sickness  every  where,  y'  have  discon- 
cert'd  all  our  Schemes.  She  says  at  Norwich  in 
particular  there  is  a  very  bad  fever  &  measles 
besides  ye  Small-pox  &  y*  so  bad  y*  she  left  Mr. 
Grigson  at  Attleborough  &  only  went  to  Norwich 
herself,  he  having  never  had  ye  small  pox,  &  in  ye 
country  Towns  she  pass'd  through,  people  Airing 
themselves  y*  look'd  very  fresh  got  up  of  yc  small 
pox,  &  in  one  Place  no  less  than  three  Feather-Beds 
lay'd  in  a  yard  close  by  y*  Road  side,  where  it  was 
known  ye  small  pox  had  very  lately  been,  that  she 
says  she  has  been  in  continual  fear,  we  observ'd  ye 
Bill  of  Mortality,  either  last  week  or  ye  week  before 
was  increased  26  in  one  week  at  Norwich,  it  is  very 
sickly  hereabouts  too,  at  Lynn  there  is  an  exceeding 
sad  fever  &  very  Mortal. 

When  you  see  my  Cosine  Johnson  you  will  be 
able  to  give  us  a  true  &  I  hope  a  better  account 
Torn  Norwich,  every  body  here  discourage  us  very 
much,  we  have  been  at  Mr.  Grigsons  this  afternoon, 
<fe  there  was  more  Company,  and  we  were  talking 
of  our  journey,  &  one  of  ye  Ladies  said  if  we  had 
lalf  a  dozen  Children  she  thought  we  might  venture 
,o  carry  one  abroad  this  sickly  Season,  but  as  it 
was,  she  thought  it  wou'd  not  bear  any  dispute. 
Filly  was  with  us  &  as  merry  as  a  Cricket  crowing 
:  laughing  &  looking  of  every  body  &  every 
?hing,  you  wou'd  be  surpriz'd  to  see  how  she  rejoice 
at  Tea  things,  not  y*  she  '1  drink  much,  but  she  love 

0  put  her  hands    among  them,  &    See   ye    Tea 
'our'd  out,  but  if  she  hears  any  body  turn  over  yc 
eaves  of  a  Book  she  is  ready  to  fly  off  ones  Lap, 
here's  nothing  please  her,  nor  quiet  her  if  she  be 
rying  so  soon  as  giving  her  a  Book  to  turn  over  ye 
eaves  woh  she  will  do   herself  very    prettily.     I 
hank  God  she  has  fine  Health,  &  I  wish  you  cou'd 
ee  her,  I  have  got  all  her  short  coats  made  &  six 
ew  white  Frocks,  thinking  we  sheu'd  have  set  out 
bis  week,  but  we  must  stay  till  we  hear  ye  country 
s  more  healthful!.     I  cant  say  I  am   right  well 
lyself,  but  shall  be  glad  to  hear  that  you  are,  & 
m  Dear  Sister  very  affectionately  yours 

BARBARA  KERRICH. 

"Tilly"  was  Matilda,  then  only  child  of 
muel  and  Barbara  Kerrich.    She  was  born 

1  October,  1742,  and  died  22  October,  1823. 


210 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io«- s.  i.  MARCH  12, 1904. 


The  above  letter  forms  an  item  in  a  large 
collection  of  correspondence,  from  1633  to 
1828,  between  the  families  of  Rogerson, 
Postlethwayt,  Gooch,  and  Kerrich,  which 
has  descended  to  me. 

I  should  not  be  at  all  surprised  if  it  is 
shown  that  afternoon  tea  was  a  recognized 
institution  at  a  much  earlier  date  than  1744 — 
coeval,  in  fact,  with  the  introduction  of  the 
handsome  silver  tea-kettles,  the  precursors  of 
the  urns  and  their  special  tables,  of  early 
Georgian  times.  Afternoon  "  China "  tea 
must  have  been  hailed,  together  with  choco- 
late, as  a  welcome  change  from  the  sage  tea, 
the  pennyroyal  water,  and  other  infusions 
which  were  then  taking  the  place  of  ale  at 
breakfast  and  at  other  times  of  the  day. 

At  the  period  of  the  above  letter  people 


dined    at    midday 
6  P.M.,  this  being 


and    had 
rather  a 


supper   about 
movable  feast. 


"  'I  think  now,'  said  he,  '  there  remains  but  one 
thing  more  to  complete  a  total  regulation  of  our 

ceconomy,  which  is  tea 1  look  upon  afternoon's 

tea  as  one  of  the  greatest  superfluities  that  custom 
has  introduced  among  us.  I  have  calculated  the 
expence,  and  dare  venture  to  affirm  that  a  very 
moderate  tea  table,  with  all  its  equipage,  cannot  be 
supported  under  forty  or  fifty  pounds  per  annum.' " 

To  which  the  lady  replies  (inter  alia\  "Would 
ariy  gentleman,  or  man  of  honour,  deny  his 
wife  her  tea-table !" 

EDWARD  HERON-ALLEN. 


Afternoon  tea,  which  replaced  the  refresh- 
ment still  known  among  the  labouring  classes 
as  "the  4  o'clock,"  came,  therefore,  as  an 
acceptable  restoration  between  dinner  and 
supper.  As  the  dinner  hour  was  advanced 
tea  became  gradually  pushed  off,  neglected, 
and  finally  abandoned,  reappearing  with  its 
sobering  influence  after  the  long,  tedious 
dinners,  with  their  "toasts"  and  "senti- 
ments," lasting  from  3  or  4  o'clock  until  it 
was  almost  time  for  the  carriages  to  be 
ordered. 

In  the  meantime  breakfast  had  become 
later,  a  condition  brought  about  by  the  heavy 
drinking  over  night,  and  luncheon  progressed 
from  the  light  repast,  still  known  among  the 
peasantry  as  "  the  11  o'clock,"  and  took  the 
place,  two  hours  and  a  half  later,  of  the 
ancient  midday  feast.  Dinner  correspond- 
ingly advanced,  and  supplanted  the  time- 
honoured  supper,  leaving  so  long  a  gap  in 
the  afternoon  that  tea  again  became  a 
necessity  about  forty  years  ago,  and  in  its 
turn  has  also  gradually  increased  in  refine- 
ment and  luxury. 

Thus  has  come  about  a  slow  transposition 
of  the  names  and  movement  in  the  hours  oi 
meals,  a  noticeable  feature  of  the  present  state 
being  that  the  world  which  is  fashionable 
gets  up  and  goes  to  bed  very  much  later 
save  under  the  pressure  of  amusement  or  the 
business  of  sport,  than  it  did  a  hundred  and 
ifty  years  ago.  Afternoon  tea,  which  ha* 
gone  through  the  most  vicissitudes,  stands 
alone  of  all  the  meals  at  the  present  day  a 
the  same  time  as  it  did  under  the  auspices  o 
the  early  Georges.  ALBERT  HARTSHORNE. 

AJ  j"0^uerrTplaue  in   fche  book   Previousl 
quoted,  The  Husband '  (p.  109),  the  condition 
of  tea  is  clearly  established  :— 


NELSON'S  SISTER  ANNE  (9th  S.  xii.  428 ;  10th 
S.  i.  170). — I  have  been  naturally  interested 
in  J.  W.  B.'s  account  of  the  elopement  of  my 
great-aunt,  Anne  Nelson.  I  have  her  will, 
which  says  nothing  of  the  Robinsons  or  of  a 
son,  and  is  signed  in  her  maiden  name.  From 
the  account  of  his  children  given  by  her 
father,  the  Rev.  Edmund  Nelson,  it  appears 
that  from  the  time  she  left  school  till  she  was 
nineteen  she  was  apprenticed  to  a  lace  ware- 
house in  Ludgate  Street,  London.  Her  father 
ecords  that  he  paid  IQOl.  for  the  apprentice- 
hip.  "She  is,"  he  writes  in  1781,  "a  free 
ivoman  of  the  City  of  London,  as  her  inden- 
ures  are  enrolled  in  the  Chamberlain's  office." 
ler  uncle,  Capt.  Maurice  Suckling,  R.N.,  left 
ler  a  legacy,  and  2,000^.,  a  part  of  this,  she 
lad  in  the  3  per  Cents,  when  she  came  of 
age.  From  this  legacy  a  premium  was  paid 
"or  her  release  from  her  apprenticeship,  when 
she  returned  to  Burnham  Thorpe.  This  does 
not  look  like  running  away  from  school,  and 
would  rather  point  to  the  time  of  her  appren- 
ticeship for  her  going  wrong.  I  should  be 
;lad  to  know  what  proof  J.  W.  B.  has  of  this 
slopement  and  the  birth  of  her  son. 

NELSON. 
Trafalgar,  Salisbury. 

SMOTHERING  HYDROPHOBIC  PATIENTS  (10th 
S.  i.  65,  176).— In  the  middle  of  the  great 
waste  of  moorland  which  lies  between  Ayr- 
shire and  Wigtownshire,  and  is  traversed  by 
that  ancient  earthwork  known  as  the  De'ils 
Dyke,  probably  marking  the  boundary  of  the 
primitive  Picts  of  Galloway,  there  exists  an 
excedingly  interesting  groupof  early  Christian 
remains.  On  the  fell  of  Kilgallioch,  just 
within  the  parish  of  Kirkco\\an,  rise  the 
Wells  of  the  Rees,  three  in  number,  within  a 
few  yards  of  each  other,  each  covered  with 
a  carefully  built  dome  of  stones  without 
mortar,  with  a  square-headed  opening  for 
access  to  the  fountain,  and  above  each  of 
these  openings  a  recess,  intended  either  for  a 
pitcher  or  for  the  image  of  a  saint.  The 
grey,  beehive-like  domes  stand  on  a  little 
verdant  oasis  on  the  broad  fellside  of  brown 


w*  s.  LMABCH  KUDO*.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


211 


heather.  Beneath  the  hill,  on  the  far  side  o 
the  Cross  Water  of  Luce,  and  within  th< 
parish  of  Old  Luce,  is  the  deserted  farmsteac 
of  Laggangarn.  A  stone  pillar,  about  seven 
feet  high,  stands  near  the  ruined  dwelling 
house,  graven  with  an  incised  cross.  When 
I  first  visited  this  solitude,  many  years  ago 
I  had  come  to  see  the  Wells  o'  the  Rees  ano 
the  Standing  Stanes  o'  Laggangarn.  But,  lo 
there  was  only  one  stone  standing.  I  askec 
the  shepherd  who  guided  me  to  the  place 
whether  there  were  not  more  standing  stones 
"There  was  three  o'  them  ance,"  said  he. 
"  but  the  tenant  o'  Laggangarn  [he  mentioned 
the  man's  name,  but  I  forget  it]  had  gotten 
the  promise  o'  a  new  barn  frae  the  laird  ;  but 
he  was  to  cart  the  stanes  for  the  biggin'  o't, 
ye  understand.  So  he  just  took  twa  o'  the 
standin'  stanes  for  lintels  like  ;  an'  fowk  said 
at  the  time  that  nae  guid  wad  come  to  him 
for  moving  thae  auncient  landmarks.  Weel, 
an'  sae  it  fell  oot ;  for  syne  [at  length]  his 
dowgs  went  mad  and  bit  him,  an'  the  puir 
fallow  went  mad  tae.  There  was  nae  person 
in  the  hoose  wi'  him  but  his  wife  an'  twa 
dochters  ;  an'  they  buid  [were  obliged]  to  pit 
haunds  till  him  [lay  hands  on  him],  and 
they  smoored  him  between  twa  cauff  beds 
[smothered  him  between  two  chaff  mat- 
tresses]." 

L  write  without  being  able  to  refer  to  my 
notes  made  at  the  time ;  but  my  impression 
is  _that  the  date  of  this  tragedy  was  near  the 
middle  of  last  century. 

HERBERT  MAXWELL. 

"  CHAPERONED  BY  HER  FATHER  "  (9th  S.  xii. 
245,  370,  431 ;  10th  S.  i.  54,  92,  110).— PROF. 
STRONG  states  that  Littre  gives  no  meaning 
to  chaperon  corresponding  to  the  English  use 
of  the  word.  This  is,  however,  incorrect,  for 
under  '  Chaperon,'  No.  4,  Littre  says  :— 

"  Personne  agee  ou  grave  qui  accompagne  une 
jeune  femme  par  bienseance  et  comme  pour 
rSpondre  de  sa  conduite ;  locution  prise  de  ce  que 
cette  personne  protege  comme  un  chaperon." 

M.  HAULTMOXT. 

'•'AN  AUSTRIAN  ARMY"  (10th  S.  i.  148).— 
The  author,  date,  and  source  of  issue  have 
yet  to  be  ascertained.  A  correspondent 
stated  at  7th  S.  xi.  213  that  the  lines  have 
been  attributed  to  many  authors,  but  that 
their  real  authorship  was  due  to  Alaric  A. 
Watts,  for  whom  they  were  claimed  by  his 
son  in  a  biography  published  in  1844.  They 
appeared  anonymously  in  the  Literary 
Gazette  for  1820,  p.  826.  A  contributor  at 
4th  S.  x.  503,  as  also  Timperley  in  his  '  Dic- 
tionary of  Printers  and  Printing,'  asserted 
they  were  written  by  the  boys  of  West- 


minster School,  and  published  by  W.  Ginger, 
of  College  Street,  Westminster,  in  a  periodical 
paper  called  the  Trifler  of  7  May,  1817.  The 
late  Dr.  Brewer  attributed  them  to  the 
Rev.  P.  Poulter,  Prebendary  of  Winchester, 
and  thought  them  to  have  been  written  about 
1828.  They  are  also  said  to  have  been 
written  by  Hood.  They  will  be  found  in  the 
Saturday  Magazine,  1832,  p.  138,  and  £entley's 
Magazine,  1838,  p.  313. 

EVERARD  HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

G.  C.  W.'s  memorandum  is  correct.  This 
alliterative  poem  appeared  in  the  Trifler  for 
Wednesday,  7  May,  1817  (No.  xx.  p.  233). 
It  consists  of  twenty-seven  lines,  each  line 
dealing  consecutively  with  the  letters  of  the 
alphabet,  and  the  last  line  returning  to  the 
letter  "A."  It  is  headed  thus:— "The 
following  curious  specimen  of  Poetry,  pre- 
sented to  us  by  a  friend,  is  dedicated  to  lovers 
of  Alliteration."  URLLAD. 

FRENCH  MINIATURE  PAINTER  (10th  S.  i.  86, 
137,  171).— The  DUCHESS  OF  WELLINGTON  is, 
of  course,  right  in  suggesting  doubt  as  to 
whether  Madame  Lebrun  painted  in  minia- 
ture. I  have  a  miniature  of  Madame  Lebrun 
which  was  thought  by  Lady  Morgan,  the 
Irish  author,  to  whom  it  belonged,  to  be  by 
Madame  Lebrun  herself,  but  which  has  never 
been  so  catalogued  by  me.  I  do  not  re- 
member to  whom  it  was  attributed  when 
exhibited  in  the  First  Loan  Collection  of 
Miniatures  at  South  Kensington.  When 
it  appeared  in  the  first  exhibition  of  the 
Society  of  Miniaturists  in  1896  (No.  134)  I  do 
not  think  it  was  attributed  to  any  particular 
hand.  My  miniature  appears  to  me  to  be 
based  on  the  oil  portrait  of  which  Braun  has 
a  reproduction,  and,  although  originally  a 
jood  miniature,  to  have  been  spoilt  at  some 
time  by  retouching.  D. 

KNIGHT  TEMPLAR  (10th  S.  i.  149).— READER 
should  refer  to  Kenning's  'Cyclopaedia  of 
Freemasonry  '  for  full  information  as  to  tha 
Knights  Templar,  &c.,  or  even  to  any  ency- 
loptedia.  Eight,  according  to  the  Pytha- 
gorean lore  of  numbers,  as  explained  by  that 
_reatest  of  all  authorities  on  Freemasonry 
/he  Rev.  Dr.  Oliver,  especially  in  his  post- 
lumous  work  published  by  Hogg  in  1875, 
was  esteemed  as  the  first  cube  by  the  con- 
tinued multiplication  of  two,  and  was  held  to 
,ignify  mystically  friendship,  advice,  pru- 
dence, and  justice.  The  figure  8  has  always 
>een  a  mystical  figure  in  consequence  of 
ts  connexion  with  the  Arkite  teaching,  and 
las  been  dwelt  upon  by  writers  alike  in 


212 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io»  s.  i.  MARCH  12, 1904. 


Christian  and  non-Christian  arithmetology. 
Thory  points  out  that  a  Knight  of  the  Temple 
belongs  generally  to  all  rites  of  the  Tem- 
plar series.  It  is  the  eighth  grade  of  the 
Philaletes;  but  if  READER  cares  to  communicate 
with  me  direct  I  will  refer  him  to  a  Masonic 
friend  in  Dublin  from  whom  he  may  glean 
fuller  particulars. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D.,  F.R.S.A.I. 
Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

The  eight  points  of  the  "  Maltese  "  cross 
are  in  token  of  the  eight  beatitudes.  The 
badge  proper,  however,  of  the  Knights  Tem- 
plar was  a  patriarchal  cross,  probably  adopted 
on  account  of  their  immediate  responsibility 
to  the  Patriarch  of  Jerusalem  rather  than  to 
the  Pope.  (See  both  Favine's  'Theatre  of 
Honour,'  1623,  book  ix.  ch.  v.  p.  388,  and 
Edmondson's  'Complete  Body  of  Heraldry,' 
1780,  vol.  i.,  '  The  Several  Orders  of  Knight- 
hood.') The  patriarchal  cross  was  enamelled 
red,  and  edged  with  gold  (Plate  I.  fig.  10,  ibid.). 
But  the  Knights  Templar  also  wore,  em- 
broidered on  their  upper  habit,  a  "  Maltese" 
cross,  like  the  Knights  of  St.  John  of 
Jerusalem  ;  it  was,  however,  red,  while  that 
of  the  Hospitallers  of  St.  John  was  white, 
but  in  both  cases  it  was  the  cross  of  Malta,  of 
eight  points.  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

MELANCHOLY  (ioth  S.  i.  148).—  If  there  were 
any  such  saying  as  "Nullum  magnum  in- 
genium  sine  melancholia,  "it  would  have  been 
quoted  by  Robert  Burton  in  his  'Anatomy.' 
The  phrase,  however,  is  evidently  founded 
on  another  twice  given  in  that  famous  book. 
Speaking  of  "  those  superintendents  of  wit 
and  learning,  men  above  men,  those  refined 
men,  minions  of  the  Muses,"  Burton  says,  "You 
shall  find  that  of  Aristotle  true,  'nullum 
magnum  ingenium  sine  mixtura  demen  tine  '" 
(sixteenth  ed.,  1836,  p.  67).  We  have  the  say- 
ing repeated  on  p.  279  in  the  following  words 
which  may  have  led  Mr.  W.  S.  Lilly  to 
change  it  as  he  has  done  :— 


>    •  \'  melancho]y  men  are  witty  (which  Aris- 
otle  hatn  long  since  maintained  in  his  problems; 
that  all  learned  men,  famous  philosophers  and 

SL81^?'  i  uni?m  £ei:e  omnes  melancholic!,' 
have  still  been  melancholy  is  a  problem  much 
controverted.  Jason  Pratensis  willPhave  i?  under 

SS!»£j  ™  T1  "?el*ncholy  ;  which  opinion  Me- 
lanchthon  inclines  to  in  his  book  '  De  Anima  '  and 
Marcihus  Ficinus('De  San.  Tuen.,'  litU  cap  5) 
but  not  simple;  for  that  makes  meA  stupid,  heavy! 
lull,  being  cold  and  dry,  fearful  .fools,  and  solitary 
but  mixt  with  the  other  humours,  flegm  on  v  ££ 
adu9t'  but  so  nfixt,  asthat 
httle  or  no  adustion,  that  they 
too  hot  nor  too  cold.  Aponensis  (cited 


exH  -          ,  ,9      m        ancoy 

,  excluding  all  natural    melancholy,  as  too 


cold.  Laurentius  condemns  his  tenent,  because 
adustion  of  humours  makes  men  mad,  as  lime 
burns  when  water  is  cast  on  it.  It  must  be  mixt 
with  blood,  and  somewhat  adust ;  and  so  that  old 
aphorism  of  Aristotle  may  be  verified :  'nullum 
magnum  ingenium  sine  mixtura  dementi*,'  no 
excellent  wit  without  a  mixture  of  madness." 
Hence  we  might  conclude  that  the  difference 
between  dementia  and  melancholia  is  little 
more  than  that  '"twixt  Tweedledum  and 
Tweedledee."  JOHN  T.  CURRY. 

Dryden  qualifies  it  thus  : — 
Great  wits  are  sure  to  madness  near  allied, 
And  thin  partitions  do  their  bounds  divide. 
'  Absalom  and  Achitophel,'  i.  163-4. 

W.  F.  H.  King,  in  his  '  Classical  Quotations,' 
says  that  Seneca  quotes  Aristotle  (Problem 
30),  as  also  does  Cicero  ('Tusc./ i.  33,  80),  to 
the  effect  that  "  Omnes  ingeniosos  melan- 
cholicos,"  All  clever  men  (or  great  wits)  are 
more  or  less  tinctured  with  melancholy. 

J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

The  quotation  resembles  a  passage  in 
Seneca's  '  De  Tranquillitate  Animi '  (xvii.  10) : 
"  Nullum  magnum  ingenium  sine  mixtura 
dementise  fuit."  Burton  somewhere  whim- 
sically paraphrases  this :  "  They  have  a 
worm  as  well  as  others."  J.  DORMER. 

MANGOSTEEN  MARKINGS  (9th  S.  xii.  330,  417). 
— It  will  be  a  propos  of  this  subject  to  state 
that  the  Japanese  date  plum  (Diospyros 
kaki,  L.)  is  marked  outside  with  rather 
inconspicuous  longitudinal  depressions,  appa- 
rently corresponding  to  the  divisions  of  its 
inside  in  the  nascent  stage,  but  not  always 
agreeing  in  number  with  its  kernels.  There- 
fore people  in  this  part  amuse  themselves 
when  it  is  in  season  by  guessing  how  many 
kernels  a  particular  kaki  fruit  contains,  and 
often  it  is  made  a  substitute  for  dice. 

KUMAGUSU  MlNAKATA. 
Mount  Nachi,  Kii,  Japan. 

COMBER  FAMILY  (10th  S.  i.  47,  89,  152).— 
The  following  items  may  be  of  use  to 
MR.  COMBER. 

Henry  Gordon  Comber,  of  Pembroke  Col- 
lege, Cambridge,  graduated  in  1893  in  Second- 
class  Honours  in  the  Mediaeval  and  Modern 
Languages  Tripos,  and  is  now  a  Fellow  and 
Lecturer  of  the  College. 

When  I  was  a  boy  a  Mr.  W.  M.  Comber 
resided  at  Brook  Lodge,  Chester,  near  the 
L.  &  N.W.R.  station.  He  held  some  railway 
appointment,  and  was  (like  myself)  one  of 
the  original  members  of  the  Chester  Society 
of  Natural  Science,  founded  by  Charles 
Kingsley  when  Canon  of  Chester  in  1871, 
and  now  a  very  flourishing  body  of  1,000> 
members.  Mr.  Comber's  sons  went  to  the 


10*  S.  I.  MARCH  12,  1904.]        NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


213 


local  grammar  school.  The  father  lectured 
before  the  Natural  Philosophy  Section  of  the 
Society  on  'Cosmic  Ether'  on  18  March,  1875; 
on  '  The  Raindrop  and  some  of  its  Uses  '  on 
8  March,  1877  ;  and  again  on  '  The  Sunbeam ' 
on  19  Dec.,  1878.  His  name  does  not  appear 
in  the  list  of  members  for  1882-3. 

Mrs.  E.  Comber  was  a  member  from 
1889-90  to  1892-3. 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A, 

Lancaster. 

QUOTATIONS  (9th  S.  xi.  148).— (1)  Apparently 
Saurin  merely  proposed  the  phrase  "  Rien 
ne  manque  a  sa  gloire ;  il  manquait  a  la 
notre,"  as  the  inscription  on  Moliere's  statue, 
so  that  it  would  scarcely,  I  should  think,  be 
found  in  the  poet's  works ;  but,  quite  by 
chance,  I  some  time  ago  met  with  the  fol- 
lowing lines  in  Racine's  'Andromaque' 
(III.  iii.  21-2)  :— 

Intrepide,  et  partout  suivi  de  la  victoire, 
Charmant,  fidele  ;  en  fin  rien  ne  manque  a  sa  gloire, 

which  would  seem  to  be  the  original  of  the 
idea,  whether  Saurin  had  seen  or  heard  of 
them  or  not. 

(2)  Learning  that  De  Caux  had  written  a 
poem  called  '  L'Horloge  de  Sable,'  I  thought 
the  lines  quoted  might  probably  be  contained 
therein,  which  I  found  to  be  the  case.  The 
poem  is  well  worth  quoting  in  extenso  (it 
contains  ninety-six  lines),  but  I  will  now 
give  only  the  first  twelve  lines  : — 

Assemblage  confus  d'une  arene  mobile, 
Que  1'art  s£ut  enfermer  dans  ce  vase  fragile  ; 
Image  de  ma  vie,  Horloge  dont  le  cours 
Regie  tons  mes  devoirs  en  mesurant  mes  jours  : 
Puisqu'a  te  celebrer  ma  Muse  est  destinee, 
Fais  couler  pour  mes  Vers  une  heure  fortunee. 
Et  vous,  pour  qui  le  monde  a  de  si  doux  appas, 
Qui  souffrez  a  regret  ceux  qui  ne  1'aiment  pas, 
Mortels,  venez  ici.     Je  veux  dans  cet  ouvrage, 
l)u  monde  tel  qu'il  est  vous  tracer  une  image. 
Quel  est-il  en  effet  ?    C'est  un  verre  qui  luit, 
Qu'un    souffle   peut   detruire,  &    qu'un    souffle   a 
produit. 

I  have  preserved  the  original  spelling,  and 
it  will  be  seen  that  your  correspondent  has 
not  quoted  the  lines  quite  correctly. 

In  the  same  volume  (published  1745)  are 
the  following  remarks  : — 

"II  donna  une  Tragedie  au  Theatre  Francais, 
intitulee  '  Marios,'  qui  fut  assez  bien  reciie.  On 
a  encore  de  lui  quelques  Pieces  de  Vers  estimees, 
&  surtout  '  L'Horloge  de  Sable,'  qui  pourroit  faire 
honneur  a  un  Poete  du  premier  ordre." 

Having  read  the  poem,  I  agree  with  this 
opinion,  and  if  any  readers  should  ask  for 
the  rest,  I  shall  be  pleased  to  transcribe  it 
if  so  requested  by  the  Editor. 

EDWARD  LATHAM. 


MINISTERIAL  WHITEBAIT  DINNER  (9th  S, 
xii.  189,  272,  337).— Among  "the  gay  con- 
sequences "  which  Benjamin  Disraeli  in 
one  of  the  '  Runnymede  Letters,'  dated 
12  March,  1836,  thought  possible  from  "a 
Reform  Ministry  and  a  Reform  Parliament,1'7 
was  that  "  His  Majesty's  Ministers  may 
hold  Cabinet  Councils  to  arrange  a  whitebait 
dinner  at  Blackwall,  or  prick  for  an  excursion 
to  Richmond  or  Beulah  Spa."  That  ministers 
were  at  one  time  accustomed  to  hold  their 
whitebait  dinner  at  Blackwall  may  further  be 
gathered  from  an  incidental  reference,  under 
the  heading  '  Sandlins,'  in  2'Kl  S.  iv.  250,  to 

"  the  description  of  fish  sauce  served  up  at  the 
Cabinet  dinner  given  at  the  'Plough'  at  Black- 
wall,  or  the  quality  of  the  whitebait  which  that 
renowned  restorcvtenr,  Lovegrove,  sends  to  table 
on  that  occasion." 

ALFRED  F.  ROBBINS. 

CLAVERING  :  DE  MANDEVILLE  (10th  S.  i. 
149). — De  Mandeville  does  not  appear  to 
have  held  any  manor  in  Clavering,  though 
possessed  of  a  holding  in  Uttlesford  Hundred 
assessed  in  Clavering  Hundred.  The  chief 
manor  of  Clavering  was  held  by  Suain,  or 
Suene,  of  Essex  in  William  I.'s  reign,  and 
continued  in  that  house  till  forfeited  in  1163. 
The  Fitz-Roger  family  of  Wark worth,  whose 
later  members  were  known  as  De  Clavering, 
came  into  possession  of  the  lordship  late  in 
the  twelfth  century. 

Nothing  is  left  of  Suain's  castle  but  the 
great  earthworks,  of  which  I  gave  a  plan  in 
the  'Victoria  History  of  Essex '  (i.  292).  These 
works  are  of  exceptional  interest  from  the 
enormous  labour  expended  in  diverting  the 
river  Stort  to  form  a  high-banked  reservoir 
on  the  north  of  the  castle.  The  place  has 
long  been  known  as  Clavering  Bury,  and  is 
close  to  the  parish  church. 

In  this  neighbourhood  are  many  undated 
farmhouses ;  why  the  outlying  one  which 
recently  became  so  notorious  should  have 
been  styled  The  Moat  Farm  it  is  not  easy  to 
say.  It  certainly  was  not  the  "  original 
manor  "  of  Clavering. 

I.  CHALKLEY  GOULD. 

These  families  were  not  originally  iden- 
tical. Geoffrey  de  Mandeville,  first  Earl  of 
Essex,  was  a  grandson  of  a  follower  of  the 
Conqueror.  He  married  Rohese  de  Vere,. 
daughter  of  Aubrey  de  Vere  by  his  wife 
Alice,  daughter  of  Gilbert  de  Clare.  Alice 
de  Vere,  the  second  daughter  of  Aubrey  de 
Vere,  married,  as  her  second  husband,  Roger 
fitz  Richard,  and  was  mother  of  Robert  fitz 
Roger,  of  Clavering,  the  ancestor  of  the 
Claverings. 

The  arms  of  the  two  families  are  not  quite 


214 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  i.  MABCH  12,  WM. 


the  same.  Whereas  the  arras  of  Mandeville 
are  Quarterly,  or  and  gules,  the  arras  of 
Clavering  are  Quarterly,  or  and  gules,  a 
bend  sable.  Perhaps  it  may  not  be  out  of 
place  to  remark  that  Geoffrey,  the  great  Earl 
of  Essex,  a  man  who  rivalled  the  king  him- 
self in  power,  was  destined  to  die  the  death 
of  Richard  Coeur  de  Lion.  But  more  tragic 
was  the  fate  which  awaited  his  corpse :  — 

"  Unshriven,  he  had  passed  away  laden  with  the 
curses  of  the  Church.  His  soul  was  lost  for  ever; 
and  his  body  no  man  might  bury.  As  the  earl  was 
drawing  his  last  breath  there  came  upon  the  scene 
some  Knights  Templar,  who  flung  over  him  the 
garb  of  their  order  so  that  he  might  at  least  die 
with  the  red  cross  upon  his  breast.  Then,  proud 
in  the  privileges  of  their  order,  they  carried  the 
remains  to  London,  to  their  '  Old  Temple '  in 
Holborn.  There  the  earl's  corpse  was  enclosed 
in  a  leaden  coffin,  which  was  hung,  say  some,  on 
a  gnarled  fruit  tree,  that  it  might  not  contaminate 
the  earth,  or  was  hurled,  according  to  others,  into 
a  pit  without  the  churchyard.  So  it  remained,  for 
nearly  twenty  years,  exposed  to  the  gibes  of  the 
Londoners,  the  earl's  deadly  foes.  Ultimately  the 
Templars  buried  the  coffin  in  their  new  graveyard, 
where,  around  the  nameless  resting-place  of  the 
great  champion  of  anarchy,  there  was  destined  to 
rise,  in  later  days,  the  home  of  English  law." 

For  much  additional  information  about 
the  great  earl  and  the  doom  of  the  Mande- 
villes  I  may  refer  MR.  CAEEY  to  'Geoffrey 
de  Mandeville  :  a  Study  of  the  Anarchy,'  by 
J.  H.  Round  (Longmans  &  Co.,  1893). 

HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 

119,  Elms  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 

Has  MR.  CAREY  overlooked  two  replies  to 
his  previous  question  at  8th  S.  xii.  289,  437  1 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

CARDINALS  AND  CRIMSON  ROBES  (9th  S  xii 
486  J  10th  S.  i.  71,  157).-!  agree  that' the 
authors  whom  I  quoted  at  the  second  refer- 
ence mean  by  "purple"  what  S.  P.  E.  S 
means  by  "  violet,"  but  the  confusion  in  the 
use  of  the  former  word  which  he  notes  is 
paralleled  by  a  similar  confusion  in  the  use 
Of  many  other  terras  denoting  colour.  For 
example,  he  calls  the  red  robes  of  a  cardinal 
dark  crimson,"  while  I  should  call  them 
deep  scarlet,''  but  this  is  by  the  way 

F;i.7°T?TplOI?l  arH?r°T?  his  communication. 

™'.Dld  Boniface  VIII.  in  1297  or  1299  (not 

90)  in  granting  "purple"  to  the  cardinals 

!T      iem,fcheir  red  robes  or  their  "violet" 

Mat  * £ywa?th£r8  Say  the  lafcter>  nor  does 
Mackenzie  Walcott  appear  to  contradict  them. 
Secondly,  What  is  the  meaning  of  "  violet " 
as  applied  to .the  soutanes  of  bishops,  which 
s  admitted  the'' violet"  robes  of  cardinals 
0.£he  violacea  paramenta" 
by  the  general  rubrics  of  the 


Roman  Missal  for  penitential  seasons? 
Durandus  ('Rationale,'  cap.  18)  sajrs,  "Ad 
rubeum  colorem  coccineus  [refertur],  ad 
nigrum  violaceus,  qui  aliter  coccus  vocatur." 
In  this  passage  I  understand  "coccineus" 
to  mean  scarlet,  and  "coccus,"  crimson. 
At  any  rate,  the  bishops  I  have  seen  have  all 
worn  robes  not  the  colour  of  the  violet,  but 
rather  of  the  cyclamen,  i.e.  a  dull  crimson, 
and  this  is  most  usually  the  colour  of 
"  violacea  paramenta."  In  this  connexion  it 
is  interesting  to  find  in  the  Orphica  the 
KVKXa.fj.is  called  toeioVj?.  If,  then,  ecclesiastic- 
ally "  violet "  means  usually  (or  even  merely 
includes)  dull  crimson,  it  may  surely  be  called 
"  purple."  I  should  contend  further  that,  in 
its  narrowest  meaning,  as  the  colour  of  the 
flower,  "violet"  is  not  incorrectly  called 
"purple."  The  flower  itself  is  called  "  pur- 
purea  "  by  Pliny  ('  Nat.  Hist.,'  lib.  xxi.  capp. 
xi.,  xix.),  and  "  purpurans"  by  Arnobius  (lib.  v. 
p.  160).  Further,  Cornelius  Nepos  is  quoted 
by  Pliny  ('N.  H.,'  lib.  ix.  cap.  xxxix.)  as 
saying,  "  Me  juvene  violacea  purpura  vigebat, 
cujus  libra  denariis  centum  venibat";  and 
the  '  Century  Dictionary  '  gives  as  one  mean- 
ing of  "violaceous,"  "purple,"  "  purplish." 
JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

CURIOUS  CHRISTIAN  NAMES  (10th  S.  i.  26, 
170). — In  the  pedigree  of  Bulstrode  of  Upton, 
Bucks,  quoted  in  Dr.  Lipscomb's  history 
of  that  county,  vol.  iv.  p.  572,  the  (sole) 
Christian  name  of  Coluberry  twice  occurs 
(in  the  case  of  daughters)  in  different  genera- 
tions. R.  B. 

Upton. 

"THE  CROWN  AND  THREE  SUGAR  LOAVES" 
(10th  S._  i.  167).— No.  44,  Fenchurch  Street, 
which  is  distinguished  by  a  gilt  sign  of  the 
"Three  Sugar  Loaves  and  Crown,"  is  re- 
markable in  being  one  of  the  few  remaining 
of  the  genuinely  old  commercial  houses  within 
the  precincts  of  the  City  proper.  The  house 
itself,  as  it  stands  to-day,  is  the  identical 
structure  erected  after  the  Great  Fire,  and 
is  consequently  close  upon  240  years  old. 
The  firm  is,  indeed,  still  older  than  that, 
having  been  established  in  1650,  on  the 
present  site,  by  Daniel  Rawlinson,  friend  of 
Pepys,  in  that  year.  Even  at  this  early 
period  the  respectability  of  the  firm  is  in- 
dicated by  the  friendship  of  its  head  with  a 
man  of  such  high  social  status  as  the  frank- 
hearted  voluptuary  who  filled  the  office  of 
Secretary  for  the  Navy.  Pepys  was  "  mightily 
troubled  "  on  being  told  by  one  Battersby 
that  "after  all  his  sickness  and  himself  (Raw- 
linson) spending  all  the  last  year  in  the 
country,  one  of  his  men  is  now  dead  of  the 


I.  MARCH  12.19N.]          NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


215 


plague,  and  his  wife  and  one  of  his  maids 
sick,  and  himself  shut  up."  This  was  on 
6  August,  1666.  On  the  9th  the  diarist 
records  the  death  of  Rawlinson's  wife,  the 
continued  illness  of  the  maid,  and  that  Raw- 
linson  himself  was  compelled  to  quit  the 
house.  Pepys  does  not,  however,  appear  to 
be  quite  correct  in  his  statements  with  regard 
to  the  mortality  of  the  Rawlinsons.  See  on 
this  point  Burn's  '  Beaufoy  Tokens,'  No.  444, 
note.  If  his  relatives  succumbed,  Rawlinson's 
efforts  with  respect  to  the  preservation  of  his 
own  health  seem  to  have  Been  crowned  with 
success,  for  on  8  September,  1667,  Pepys  me 
him  in  Fenchurch  Street,  where  he  had  been 
inspecting  the  ruins  of  his  house  and  shop 
upon  the  site  of  which,  as  it  has  been  re 
marked,  the  present  premises  were  erected. 

Daniel  Rawlinson,  senior,  kept  the  "  Mitre 
Tavern,"  which  at  the  death  of  Charles  I 
was  changed  by  him  to  the  "Mourning  Mitre,' 
the  site  being  now  occupied  by  Mitre  Cham 
bers,  at  No.  157,  Fenchurch  Street,  and  on 
the  opposite  side  to  the  "Three  Sugar  Loaves 
and  Crown."  Here  he  "strove  amain  anc 
got  a  good  estate."  A  man  of  philanthropic 
disposition,  he  rebuilt  Hawkshead  Schools  in 
1675,  and  a  portrait  of  him  was  formerly  to 
be  seen  there.  A  monument  was  erected  to 
his  memory  in  St.  Dionis  Backchurch,  where 
he  was  buried.  Sir  Thomas  Kawlinson  wa 
Lord  Mayor  in  1706.  In  1763  the  "Three 
Sugar  Loaves  and  Crown"  was  known  by 
the  style  of  Rawlinson,  Davison  &  Newman, 
and  it  must  have  been  the  firm  as  it  was 
then  constituted  that  shipped  the  fatal  con- 
signment of  tea,  destined  when  received  at 
Boston  to  be  seized  and  turned  into  the  sea, 
in  token  of  American  disapproval  of  Lord 
North's  nominal  tax.  From  1777  to  the 
present^  time  the  "Three  Sugar  Loaves  and 
Crown  "  has  been  known  as  Davison,  Newman 
&Co. 

The  sugar-loaf  as  a  sign  was  originally  con- 
fined to  grocers  and  confectioners,  and  was 
probably  adopted  for  the  simple  reason  that 
at  the  period  in  which  the  sign  is  first  en- 
countered sugar  was  the  article  on  which  the 
least  profit  was  made,  a  sugar-loaf  being 
exhibited  as  an  inducement  to  custom. 

J.  HOLDEN  MAC-MICHAEL. 

^  Doubtless  this  query  has  reference  to 
No.  44,  Fenchurch  Street,  a  very  old  grocery 
firm,  which,  until  four  or  five  years  ago, 
presented  the  same  appearance  as  it  did 
during  the  eighteenth  century.  John  Cam- 
den  Hotten,  in  his  '  History  of  Signboards,' 
London,  1866,  thus  describes  it : — 

''At  No.  44,  Fenchurch  Street,  a  very  old-estab- 
lished grocery  firm  still  carries  011  business  under 


the  sign  of  the  '  Three  Sugar  Loaves.'  The  house 
!  presents  much  the  same  appearance  it  had  in  the 
last  century,  with  the  gilt  sugar  loaves  above  the 
doorway,  and  is  one  of  the  few  places  of  business  in 
London  conducted  in  the  ancient  style.  The  small 
old-fashioned  window  panes,  the  complete  absence 
of  all  show  and  decoration,  the  cleanliness  of  the 
interior,  and  the  quiet  order  of  the  assistants  in 
their  long  white  aprons  betoken  the  respectable  old 
tea  warehouse,  and  impress  the  passer-by  with  a 
complete  conviction  as  to  the  genuineness  of  its 
articles." 

Another  old-fashioned  custom  I  observed 
during  the  many  years  I  dealt  there  was  the 
serving  of  customers  direct  from  the  cases 
or  tubs  in  which  the  tea  and  sugar  were 
imported,  and  without  the  paper. 

E^TERARD   HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

OUR  OLDEST  PUBLIC  SCHOOL  (10th  S.  i.  166). 
— G.  T.  mentions  King's  School,  Canter- 
bury, as  the  oldest  public  school.  I  am 
aware  that  it  is  so  stated  in  the  'Public 
School  Register,'  but  on  what  documentary 
evidence  is  not  apparent.  I  suspect  that  the 
"fact"  is  speculative,  and  merely  based  on 
the  connexion  of  Church  and  education. 

Warwick  claims  to  be  one  of  the  oldest 
schools.  Founded  in  remote  times,  it  received 
five  royal  charters,  viz.,  from  Edward  the 
Confessor,  William  I.,  William  II.,  Henry  L, 
and  Henry  VIII.  In  the  royal  charter  of 
1042  the  school  is  spoken  of  as  "ancient" 
then,  but  as  to  its  real  founder,  whether 
^Ethelfleda  or  Gutheline,  in  the  ninth  or  first 
century,  it  is  futile  now  to  speculate.  This 
gives  Warwick  (only  counting  from  1042) 
more  than  300  years  start  of  Winchester, 
which  cannot  lay  claim  with  justice  to  be 
the  oldest  "public"  school.  No  doubt  can 
be  thrown  on  the  character  of  the  school 
at  Warwick  ;  it  was  the  forerunner  of  the 
Elizabethan  "grammar"  schools,  not  a  choir 
school  or  a  mere  appanage  of  the  Collegiate 
Church.  R.  F.-J.  S. 

Although  Winchester  College  is  the  oldest 
of  the  greater  public  schools,  recent  investi- 
gation, especially  that  of  the  distinguished 
Wykehamist  Mr.  A.  F.  Leach,  has  revealed 
ihe  fact  that  many  smaller  schools  are  of  far 
greater  antiquity  than  was  formerly  sus- 
Dected.  For  instance,  St.  ^Peter's  School  in 
;he  metropolitical  city  of  York  claims  to  be 
dentical  with  the  Royal  School  which 
existed  there  in  the  eighth  century.  The 
irst  head  master  whose  name  is  known  was 
Albert,  who  afterwards  became  Archbishop 
n  734,  and  was  succeeded  in  the  mastership 
oy  Alcuin,  his  pupil.  The  school  received 
urther  endowment  in  the  reign  of  Philip 
,nd  Mary,  who  were,  until  recently,  regarded 


216 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io">  s.  i.  MARCH  12, 190*. 


as  the  founders.    See  '  Our  Oldest    Public 
School'  in  the  Fortnightly,  November,  1892. 

A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

THACKERAY  QUOTATION  (10th  S.  i.  189).— 
Probably  the  printer  has  cut  off  a  cipher  of 
the  sum  mentioned  by  FitzGerald  in  the 
letter  cited  by  HIPPOCLIDES.  "'It  isn't 
difficult  to  be  a  country  gentleman's  wife,' 
Rebecca  thought.  'I  think  I  could  be  a 
good  woman  if  I  had  five  thousand  a  year ' " 
('Vanity  Fair,'  chap.  xli.).  R,  E.  B. 

[Several  correspondents  are  thanked  for  the 
reference.] 

GLOWWORM  OR  FIREFLY  (10th  S.  i.  47,  112, 
156,  193).— Mea  maxima  culpa.  Owing  to  my 
quoting  from  memory  the  stanza  from  the 
opera  of  '  Guy  Mannering,'  the  errors 
occurred  on  p.  156.  It  is  given  just  as  cited 
by  MR.  JERRAM  in  the  '  Waverley  Dramas,' 
published  in  a  collected  form  (eight  in  num- 
ber) by  Alison  &,  Ross,  Glasgow,  1872.  '  Guy 
Mannering'  is  styled  "an  Operatic  Drama 
in  Three  Acts,"  and  was  first  performed  at 
Covent  Garden  Theatre  in  1816.  The  acting 
copy,  however,  differs  widely  from  the  novel, 
poor  Godfrey  Bertram  being  mentioned  as 
Sir  Godfrey  Bertram.  Of  the  "  Gipsy  Glee 
and  Chorus"  it  is  said  :  "Words  by  Joanna 
Bailhe.  Music  by  Bishop." 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 
.Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

ST  DUNSTAN  (10th  S.  i.  149).- Walter  Gale, 
bussex  schoolmaster,  records  that  in  1749 
''there  was  at  Mayfield  a  pair  of  tongs,  which 
ie  inhabitants  affirmed,  and  many  believed,  to  be 
that  with  which  bt.  Dunstan,  Archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury, who  had  his  residence  at  a  fine  ancient  dome 
this  town  pinched  the  devil  by  the  nose  when, 
lorm  of  a  handsome  maid,  he  tempted  him." 
See  Chamber's  '  Book  of  Days  '  (1864),  vol  i 
P-  33L  A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

It  was i  at  Mayfield  that  the  devil  is  supposed 

to  have  had  his  nose  pulled  by  St.  Dunstan. 

r   VJ1  hlS    Llfe  of  St  Dunstan/  who 

ftp  InJh£  rm8  *?  JS^y  thafc  the  Palac«  of 

was    built1Sh°P^0ff  ^rtury  at  Mayfield 

built   by    that  prelate,   who,  he  says, 

erected  a  wooden  church.    The  life  of  this 


^  May- 

— — j  —  ~— ^.  vj,n,ft  UL,  the  accus- 
«« .£,  going  m  procession  round  the 
building  observed  that  it  was  out  of  the  lino 
of  sanctity,  or,  in  other  words,  that  it  did  no? 


stand  due  east  or  west ;  on  which  he  gently 
touched  the  edifice  with  his  shoulder,  and 
moved  it  into  its  proper  bearings,  to  the 
great  amazement  and  edification  of  all  the 
spectators. 

In  connexion  with  Glastonbury  there  was 
a  hundred  years  ago  at  the  west  end  of  the 
Tor,  or  the  Tower  of  St.  Michael,  a  carved 
figure  of  the  archangel,  holding  in  his  hands 
a  pair  of  scales,  in  one  of  which  was  a  Bible, 
and  in  the  other  a  devil,  who  was  assisted  by 
another  bearing  upon  the  scales  ;  both  were 
represented,  however,  as  much  too  light  to 
poise  against  the  holy  volume. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D.,  F.R.Hist.S. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

The  story  of  St.  Dunstan  seizing  the  devil 
by  the  nose  occurs  for  the  first  time  in 
Osbern's  '  Life '  of  the  "father  of  monks," 
where  it  is,  I  think,  mentioned  in  connexion 
with  his  life  in  his  cell  at  Glastonbury.  The 
story  is  not  quite  so  ridiculous  as  it  appears 
at  first  sight.  Dunstan's  dreams  and  "  fairy 
tales "  were  generally  turned  to  profitable 
account  for  the  edification  of  children,  rather 
than  of  "grown-ups,"  and  it  is  thought 
possible  that  the  saint  actually  did  take 
some  ribald  intruder  into  his  cell  by  the  nose 
with  some  implement  like  the  tongs.  See  the 
Rev.  Wm.  Stubbs's  'Memorials  of  Saint  Dun- 
stan,' Introd.,  p.  Ixv  and  note. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

The  tongs  are  at  Mayfield,  and  that  should 
suffice.  C.  S.  WARD. 

St.  Augustine's  at  Canterbury,  I  have 
always  heard,  claims  the  site  of  tlie  tug. 

HAROLD  MALET,  Colonel. 

WILLIAM  STEPHENS,  PRESIDENT  OF  GEORGIA 
(10th  S.  i.  144).— The  Rev.  E.  B.  James,  late 
of  Carisbrook,  Isle  of  Wight,  in  'Letters 
Archaeological  and  Historical  relating  to  the 
Isle  of  Wight,'  2  vols.  8vo,  London,  has  many 
references  to  the  Stephens  family.  There  is 
a  good  index.  The  book  was  published  in 
1896  by  Mr.  Frowde,  but  is  not  often  to  be 
met  with  in  book  catalogues.  Kirby's  '  Win- 
chester Scholars'  has  one  entry  of  Edwin 
Stephens,  of  Whippingham,  scholar  1672; 
aged  thirteen,  but  no  other  note  of  him.  A 
second  Edward,  also  of  Whippingham,  bap- 
tized 10  January,  1711/2,  entered  Winchester 
1725,  left  1730.  If  H.  C.  is  not  able  to  con- 
sult James's  'Letters,'  I  might  be  able  to 
give  him  some  information  from  it. 

VICAR. 

THE  MIMES  OF  HERONDAS  (10th  S.  i.  68).— 
Herondas  must  be  a  pre-Christian  poet. 
Athenpeus,  who  was  living  not  long  after 


10'"  S.  I.  MARCH  12,  1904.]         NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


217 


Herodes  Atticus,  names  Herondas  ('  Deipno- 
soph.,'  iii.  86)  together  with  Sopater,  Epi- 
charruus,  Sophron,  Archilochus,  Ibycus,  who 
are  all  pre-Christian  poets.  I  say  nothing  of 
the  reasons  which  the  Mimiambi  themselves 
afforded  for  the  third  century  before  Christ, 
and  which  can  be  found  in  the  editions  of 
Ken  yon  and  Crusius,  and  presumably  in  that 
of  tlie  Rev.  J.  A.  Nairn  (Clarendon  Press). 
(Dr.)  MAX  MAAS. 
Munich,  Bavaria. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  (10th  S.  i.  168). — 
1.  "A  face  to  lose  youth  for,"  &c.— Robert 
Browning,  'A  Likeness,'  'Poet.  Works' 
(Smith  <fe  Elder,  1899),  i.  601. 

10.  "  Live  and  take  comfort,"  &c.— Words- 
worth, Sonnet  'To  Toussaint  L'Ouverture,' 
4  Poet.  Works '  (Macmillan,  1893),  p.  180. 

C.  LAWRENCE  FORD. 

Bath. 

He  sets 

As  sets  the  morning  star,  which  goes  not  down 

Behind  the  darkened  west,  nor  hides  obscured 

Among  the  tempests  of  the  sky,  but  melts  away 

Into  the  light  of  Heaven. 

I  think  this  is  the  passage  No.  14  MR.  W.  L. 
POOLE  asks  for,  and  if  my  memory  serves  me 
truly,  it  is  in  the  fifth  book  of  Pollok's  'Course 
of  Time.'  I  have  not  the  work  at  hand,  or 
would  reply  definitely.  Lucis. 

[C.  M.  HUDSON  and  H.  K.  ST.  J.  S.  thanked  for 
replies.] 

WESTERN  REBELLION  OF  1549  (10th  S.  i. 
46).— My  recent  query  on  this  subject  brought 
me  a  few  replies  which  were  full  of  interest. 
Perhaps  some  one  else  may  be  able  to  give 
me  references  in  local  histories  or  out-of-the- 
way  publications.  Even  casual  references 
may  afford  a  clue  of  value. 

(Mrs.)  ROSE-TROUP. 

Ottery  St.  Mary. 

TURNER  :  CANALETTO  (10th_  S.  i.  168).— See 
the  articles  on  'Canaletto  in  England'  in 
€th  S.  viii.  407  ;  ix.  15,  133,  256  ;  xii.  324,  411  ; 
Sth  S.  i.  373  ;  ii.  11,  471.  W.  C.  B. 

"  MEYNES"  AND  "RHINES  "  (10th  S.  i.  49,  92). 
—I  read  PROF.  SKEAT'S  reply  with  great 
interest,  and  quite  agree  with  him  as  to  the 
danger  of  mixing  up  river  -  names  with 
ordinary  words.  Is  he  quite  sure  that 
41  Rhine  "  is  always  pronounced  Rean  or  Keen 
on  Sedgemoor  ?  I  have  heard  it  pronounced 
Rhine,  like  the  river,  and  it  is  so  spelt  in 
contemporary  accounts  of  Monmouth's  battle 
in  1685.  Has  the  word  any  connexion  with 
the  High  German  Rhine  ?  I  am,  of  course, 
aware  that  "  Rhine,"  the  river-name,  is  pre- 
•German.  After  writing  my  first  note,  I  saw 
a,  '  History  of  Orange '  in  which  "  Meyne  "  is 


used  as  a  river-name,  but  it  certainly  is  the 
usual  expression  for  an  irrigation  channel  ia 
that  part  of  Vaucluse.  H. 

'NICHOLAS  NICKLEBY':  CAPT.  CUTTLE (10th 
S.  i.  166). — The  surname  Cuttle  occurs  in  the 
North  of  England.  Some  forty  years  ago  I 
knew  a  Mr.  Cuttle,  who  resided  at  Hems- 
worth,  near  Pontefract.  He  was,  I  think,  an 
auctioneer  and  valuer.  I  have  seen  Cuttle 
more  than  once  over  the  doors  of  village 
shops  in  the  West  Riding,  but  I  do  not  remem- 
ber where.  Lower,  in  his  '  Patronymica 
Britannica,'  gives  the  name,  and  adds  : — 

"  Cuthill,  or  Cuttle,  is  a  suburb  of  Prestonpans, 
co.  Haddington.  In  several  surnames  the  final  If, 
represents  hill  in  a  shortened  pronunciation." 

Cottle  is  perhaps  the  same  name  under  a 
different  spelling  ;  there  were  two  poets  who 
bore  it,  Amos  and  Joseph,  both  of  whom  figure 
in  Byron's  'English  Bards  and  Scotch 
Reviewers.'  Lower  suggested  that  Cottle 
might  have  been  acquired  from  a  district 
called  Cottles  in  Wiltshire.  COM.  EBOR. 

EPITAPHS  :  THEIR  BIBLIOGRAPHY  (10th  S.  i. 
44,  173). — A  bibliography  of  epitaphs,  com- 
piled by  Mr.  W.  G.  B.  Page,  is  appended  to 
'Curious  Epitaphs,'  by  W.  Andrews,  1883, 
and  additions  to  it  appeared  in  6th  S.  ix.  493. 

W.  C.  B. 

IMMUREMENT  ALIVE  OF  RELIGIOUS  (9th  S.  xii. 
25,  131,  297,  376,  _517  ;  10th  S.  i.  50,  152).— I 
quote  the  following  from  Lord  Cockburn's 
'Memorials'  (Edinburgh,  1856),  p.  173:— 

"  Gillespie's  Hospital,  for  the  shrouding  of  aged 
indigence,  was  commenced  about  this  time,  and 
completed  in  1805 The  founder  was  a  snuff- 
seller  who  brought  up  an  excellent  young  man  as 
his  heir,  and  then  left  death  to  disclose  that,  for 
the  vanity  of  being  remembered  by  a  thing  called 
after  himself,  he  had  all  the  while  had  a  deed 
executed  by.  which  this,  his  nearest,  relation  was 
disinherited.  Another  fact  distinguished  the  rise 
of  this  institution.  A  very  curious  edifice  stood  on 
the  very  spot  where  the  modern  building  is  erected. 
It  was  called  Wryttes  -  Houses,  and  belonged 
anciently  to  a  branch  of  the  family  of  Napier.  It 
was  a  keep,  presiding  over  a  group  of  inferior 
buildings,  most  of  it  as  old  as  the  middle  of  the 
fourteenth  century,  all  covered  with  heraldic  and 
other  devices,  and  all  delightfully  picturesque. 
Nothing  could  be  more  striking  when  seen  against 
the  evening  sky.  Many  a  feudal  gathering  did  that 
tower  see  on  the  Borough  Moor  ;  and  many  a  time 
did  the  inventor  of  logarithms,  whose  castle  of 
Merchiston  was  near,  enter  it.  Yet  it  was  brutishly 
obliterated,  without  one  public  murmur.  A  single 
individual,  whose  name,  were  it  known,  ought  to 
be  honored,  but  who  chose  to  conceal  himself  under 
the  signature  of  Cadmon,  proclaimed  and  denounced 
the  outrage,  in  a  communication  in  July,  1800,  to 
the  Edinburgh  Magazine;  but  the  idiot  public 

looked  on  in  silence There  is  a  good  view  of  its 

position  in  one  of  Clerk  of  Eldiu's  sketches  printed 


218 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  i.  MARCH  12,  wo*. 


for  the  Bannatyne  Club;  and  an  excellent  repre- 


w. s. 


ROBIN  A  BOBBIN  (9th  S.  xii.  503  ;  10th  S.  i. 
32,  172).—!  send  you  yet  another  version  of 
this  "  nomony,"  evidently  from  the  nursery, 
and  coming  from  Staffordshire.  The  last 
verse  was  a  great  excitement,  when  the 
double-barrelled  guns  killed  the  cock  sparrow. 
The  word  "  pounce  "  is  peculiar. 

Let 's  go  to  the  woods,  said  Richard  to  Robin  ; 

Let's  go  to  the  woods,  said  Robin  to  Bobin  ; 

Let 's  go  to  the  woods,  said  John  all  alone  ; 

Let 's  go  to  the  woods,  said  every  one. 

What  shall  we  do  there  ?  said  Richard  to  Robin,  &c. 

We'll    shoot   a    cock    sparrow,    said    Richard   to 

Robin,  &c. 

Pounce  !  Pounce  !  said  Richard  to  Robin  ; 
Pounce  !  Pounce  !  said  Robin  to  Bobin  ; 
Pounce  !  Pounce  !  said  John  all  alone ; 
Pounce  !  Pounce  !  said  every  one. 

J.   ASTLEY. 

I  can  remember  in  the  days  of  my  child 
hood  (say  in  1838)  a  variant  of  this  rime  in 
the  nursery.  It  was  popularly  supposed  to 
have  reference  to  the  rapacious  nature  of 
Henry  VIII.  in  seizing  on  Church  estates, 
and  a  rude  engraving  in  the  book  depicted 
a  man  with  an  enormous  paunch,  seated  at 
a  well-spread  table,  holding  in  his  hand  a 
huge  carving  knife  : — 

Robin  a  Bobbin,  a  big-bellied  Ben, 

He  eat  more  meat  than  four  score  men  ; 

He  eat  a  cow,  he  eat  a  calf, 

He  eat  a  butcher  and  a  half, 

He  eat  the  church,  he  eat  the  steeple, 

He  eat  the  priest  and  all  the  people. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 
Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

RIGHT  HON.  E.  SOUTHWELL  (10th  S.  i.  8, 
56,  158).— My  note  on  the  question  is  that 
the  diary  referred  to  is  mentioned  in  Thorpe's 
'  Catalogue  Supplement  for  1836,'  p.  86, "  price 
Zl.  2s.";  that  it  was  purchased  by  Sir  Thomas 
Phillipps,  Bt.,  and  recently  sold  with  the 
rest  of  the  Thirlestane  House  Library.  Mr. 
Bertram  Dobell,  the  publisher,  was  the  pur- 
chaser, and  he  informed  me  he  did  not 
remember  to  whom  he  sold  it. 

CHARLES  S.  KING,  Bt. 

St.  Leonard's-on-Sea. 

Miss  LEWEN  AND  WESLEY  (10th  S.  i.  189). 
— References  will  be  found  in  Tyerman's 
'  Life  of  Wesley,'  ii.  588  ;  in  the  same  author's 
'  Life  of  Fletcher '  ("  Wesley's  Designated 
Successor"),  p.  478;  in  Wesley's  'Journal,' 
20  March  and  18  April,  1765,  and  31  October, 


1766;  in  Stamp's  'Orphan  House,'  p.  Ill; 
in  Stevens's  '  Women  of  Methodism,'  p.  53 ; 
and  the  Weslet/an  Methodist  Magazine  for 
1845,  p.  1166.  FRANCIS  M.  JACKSON. 

GENEALOGY  :  NEW  SOURCES  (10th  S.  i.  187). 
— The  collection  of  wills  of  seamen  amongst 
the  Admiralty  records  is  worth  attention 
in  investigating  naval  pedigrees. 

GERALD  MARSHALL. 

80,  Chancery  Lane,  W.C. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

The  English  Dialect  Dictionary.  Edited  by  Joseph 
Wright,  M.A.-Parts  XIX.  and  XX.  R— Sharp. 
— XXI.-XXIII.  Sharpen — $y~.?*ie.  (Frowde.) 
WITH  the  completion  of  the  fifth  volume  and  that, 
synchronizing  with  it,  of  the  letter  S,  the  great  and 
diligently  wrought  task  of  Prof.  Wright  is  within 
sight  :of  speedy  accomplishment.  Next  year  will, 
according  to  present  calculations,  see  the  entire 
work  in  the  hands  of  the  subscribers,  together  with, 
as  we  understand,  the  'Grammar  of  Dialect 'and 
other  works  included  in  or  supplementary  to- 
the  schemes.  If,  as  there  seems  no  reason  to 
doubt,  the  pledges  are  redeemed,  the  rate  of  pro- 
gress will,  we  fancy,  be  more  rapid  than  has  been 
witnessed  in  the  case  of  any  previous  work  of  equal 
magnitude.  Nominally  seven  letters  have  yet  to 
be  issued.  Half  of  these  are,  however,  the  shortest 
and  least  important  in  the  alphabet,  and  not  more 
than  two,  at  the  most,  are  of  average  dimensions. 
We  have  previously  stated  that  no  country  in  the 
world  possesses  the  equivalent  to  Prof.  Wright's 
marvellous  dictionary,  and  we  own  to  doubts 
whether  any  country  has  collections  that  bring 
within  range  of  conception  as  a  possible  task  a  work 
of  the  kind.  The  production  of  the  dictionary  affords 
exemplary  proof  of  what  may  be  hoped  when  the 
cultivated  leisure  of  academic  life  is  backed  up  by 
public  spirit  and  sufficing  means.  That  the  energy 
and  outlay  expended  upon  the  task  will  prove 
remunerative  is  devoutly  to  be  hoped,  since  it  is 
little  less  than  atrocious  that  a  work  national  in 
significance  and  importance  should  remain  a  tax 
upon  private  means.  We  see,  however,  few  signs 
of  general  recognition  of  the  work,  since  queries 
which  a  reference  to  its  pages  would  immediately 
answer  are  constantly  sent  to  us,  and  appear  in  less 
carefully  guarded  columns. 

Succeeding  parts  of  '  The  Dialect  Dictionary ' 
baffle  the  reviewer,  since  every  page  and  almost 
every  column  of  the  well-nigh  two  thousand  con- 
stituting the  latest  instalment  contains  matter  of 
interest  to  our  readers.  We  cannot  but  hold  that 
the  collection  of  dialect  words  is  more  important 
than  that  of  slang  expressions.  It  is  in  the  nature 
of  things  that,  with  the  exodus  from  the  country, 
forms  of  rural  speech  will  disappear ;  while  in  the 
case  of  slang  forms,  each  popularization  of  scientific 
appliances  will  bring  a  further  crop  of  words.  Who, 
for  instance,  shall  say  what  additions  to  slang  are 
not  likely  to  follow  the  introduction  of  the  motor- 
car? It  is  a  matter  of  congratulation  that  there 
are  those  well  able  to  judge  of  the  distinction 


10*8. 1.  MARCH  12, 1904.]         NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


219 


between  dialect  and  slang.  To  which  category  is 
rhino=coin  to  be  assigned,  or  rumbo  as  a  satis- 
factory answer  to  an  inquiry  after  health  or  an 
expression  of  the  sense  of  comforting  surroundings  ? 
Raddled,  as  applied  to  a  woman's  face,  has  the 
same  signification  as  when  used  of  a  sheep.  Under 
rack  we  may  notice  the  existence  fifty  years  ago — 
it  may  still  be  there — at  Headingley  of  a  tavern 
called  "The  Sky-rack."  jRamshackle=rickety  has 
the  authority  of  Thackeray.  The  meaning  (3) 
assigned  rash  seems  the  same  as  in  'Hamlet,' 
"  splenitive  and  rash."  Scrannel,  Milton's  "scrannel 
pipes,"  extends  in  use  from  Warwickshire  up  to 
Yorkshire.  Sculdudry,  which  has  the  sanction  of 
Scott,  seems  confined  in  use  to  Scotland.  Shanks' 
mare  as  equivalent  to  "  on  foot "  is  familiar.  Less 
so  are  such  phrases  as  shanks'  nag  and  shanks' 
galloway.  Among  words  kept  back  for  want  of 
further  information  is  rambunkshus  or  rambunctious. 
With  this  word  we  are  unfamiliar,  but  rambunctious, 
equalling  impudent,  forward,  and  wanton,  we  recall 
in  the  West  Riding  a  couple  of  generations  ago. 
Salopcious  =  delicious,  might  be  a  mistake  for 
galopcious.  Spoon  seems  to  have  meanings  in 
addition  to  those  given,  and  spoony  has  the  sense 
of  silly.  Socket-brass  might  be  better  described 
"a  fine  demanded  of  a  young  man"  than  "a  fine 
paid."  It  was  seldom  paid  except  in  case  of  force 
majeure.  We  have  glanced  at  a  few  words  that 
recall  distant  recollections,  but  the  subjects  sug- 
gested are  inexhaustible. 

English  Literature :  an  Illustrated  Record.  By 
Richard  Garnett,  (J.B.,  and  Edmund  Gosse,  M.A. 
Vols.  II.  and  IV.  (Heinemann.) 
WITH  the  appearance  of  the  second  and  fourth 
volumes  the  great  task  of  producing  an  illustrated 
record  of  English  literature  from  the  earliest  times 
until  to-day,  undertaken  by  Messrs.  Garnett  and 
Gosse,  reaches  a  successful  conclusion,  and  what 
is  practically  an  encyclopaedia  of  English  literature 
is  brought  within  the  grasp  of  the  general  reader, 
for  whom  it  is  principally  intended.  The  division, 
so  far  as  regards  the  share  of  the  respective  writers, 
is  unequal,  the  contribution  of  Dr.  Garnett  em- 
bracing all  to  the  death  of  Shakespeare — that  is,  to 
the  close  of  vol.  ii.  chap.  vi. — while  the  following 
period,  occupying  the  remainder  of  vol.  ii.  and  the 
whole  of  vols.  iii.  and  iv.,  is  assigned  to  his  col- 
league. The  fact  that  the  task  is  well  executed  is 
involved  in  the  mere  mention  of  the  names  of  its 
executants,  and  the  owner  of  these  large  and  com- 
prehensive volumes  may  boast  the  possession  of  an 
illustrated  guide  to  our  literature  such  as  has  not 
previously  been  accessible.  Compared  to  the  pre- 
sent work  others  sink  into  insignificance.  The 
method  of  execution  is  acceptable ;  and  though 
some  cavilling  may  be  made,  it  is  only  against  the 
last  volume.  In  this  it  was  necessary  to  use  com- 
pression, and  omissions  of  names  judged  important 
by  many  were  to  be  expected.  We  are  scarcely  pre- 
pared to  accept  in  such  a  case  Mr.  Gosse  or  any  one 
else  as  pur  caterer.  No  fault  is  to  be  found  with 
the  limits  prescribed.  It  is  inevitable  that  living 
poets  should  be  omitted ;  that  such  references  as 
appear  to  the  greatestof  livingbards,  Mr.  Swinburne, 
should  be  merely  incidental ;  and  that  the  name  of 
Mr.  William  Watson  should  not  appear.  On  the 
sound  principle  in  criticism  that  a  man  of  taste 
may  have  preferences,  but  no  exclusions,  we  regret 
the  absence  of  entire  classes  of  writers  on  whom  it 
is,  of  course,  too  early  to  pass  a  definite  and  final 


opinion,  but  whose  place  in  our  literary  history  is 
already  secure.  In  this  case  the  omissions  of  which 
we  are  disposed  to  complain  will  in  time  be  sup- 
plied, since  Mr.  Gosse  himself  concedes  that  there 
is  no  part  of  the  work  in  which  alterations  and 
additions  are  so  likely  to  be  made  as  in  the  last 
chapter.  Meanwhile  we  recede  nowise  from  the 
high  praise  we  bestowed  upon  the  two  earlier 
volumes  when  we  said  (9th  S.  xi.  479)  that  the  owner 
of  the  work  will  have  within  reach  a  mass  of  litera- 
ture such  as  the  greatest  clerks  of  past  times  might 
have  envied. 

It  is  a  portion  of  the  scheme  so  ably  carried  out 
that  the  illustrations  shall  be  no  less  helpful  than 
the  letterpress.  The  frontispiece  of  vol.  ii.  supplies, 
accordingly,  an  admirable  coloured  reproduction  of 
the  Droeshout  portrait  of  Shakespeare  ;  a  delight- 
ful coloured  miniature  of  Sir  Philip  Sidney, 
after  Isaac  Oliver,  from  the  original  at  Windsor 
Castle,  follows ;  and  is  succeeded  by  portraits  of 
Queen  Elizabeth,  Sir  Nicholas  Bacon,  Lord  Burgh- 
ley,  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  (by  Zucchero),  William 
Camden,  Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  Richard  Burbage, 
the  Earls  of  Southampton  and  Pembroke,  and- 
scores  of  others,  and  reproductions  innumerable- 
of  spots  of  interest,  facsimiles  of  title-pages,  and 
other  inexhaustible  attractions.  In  this  single 
volume  there  are  between  three  and  four  hundred 
designs,  all  of  incalculable  interest  to  the  student 
of  literature  and  the  drama.  Among  portraits  that 
we  have  not  previously  seen  reproduced  is  the 
magnificent  likeness  of  George  Wither  by  Hole, 
which  forms  a  conspicuous  ornament  of  '  The  Booke 
of  Emblems.'  Not  less  full  than  the  second  volume 
is  the  fourth,  and  though  Mr.  Gosse  repines  because- 
in  artistic  value  the  designs  are  in  this  case  inferior, 
the  fault  is  nowise  his,  out  is  principally  attribut- 
able to  the  necessary  substitution,  in  many  in- 
stances, of  photography  for  picture  or  engraving. 
In  this  volume  also  are  many  interesting  portraits 
of  Burns,  Carlyle,  R.  L.  Stevenson,  Matthew 
Arnold,  Rossetti,  Newman,  Keats,  Tennyson,  the 
Brownings,  Thackeray,  Dickens,  &c.,  together  with 
reproduced  MSS.  of  great  importance  and  value. 
The  completion  of  this  monumental  work  is  a 
matter  on  which  producers  and  public  are  alike  to- 
be  congratulated. 

THE  opening  paper  in  the  Burlington  is  on  '  The 
London  County  Council  and  Art,'  a  combination 
which  suggests  a  smiling  comparison  with  "Shake- 
speare and  the  Musical  Glasses  "  or  perhaps  the  old 
trade  advertisement  of  "  Godly  Books  and  Mouse- 
traps." An  announcement  is  made  of  the  formation 
of  a  new  institution  to  be  named  after  a  recently 
defunct  society  the  Arundel  Club.  The  aim  of 
this  is  to  supply  photographs  of  works  of  art  not 
easy  of  access.  Three  pictures  in  tempera  of 
William  Blake,  presenting  Scripture  subjects,  a-re 
reproduced.  Further  designs  from  the  Bronze 
Relief  in  the  Wallace  Collection  are  given,  and 
there  is  a  good  Watteau  from  the  French  Exhibi- 
tion at  Brussels.  Some  illustrations  have  special 
interest  for  bibliophiles. 

ONE  of  the  earliest  papers  in  the  Fortnightly  is- 
a  wail  by  the  Laureate  over  '  The  Growing  Distaste 
for  the  Higher  Kinds  of  Poetry.'  We  see  no  signs- 
of  such,  and  think  that  a  fitter  theme  would  be- 
the  cessation  of  production  of  the  higher  kind  of 
poetry.  The  best  poetry  will  always  be  caviare 
to  the  general,  but  the  works  of  the  great  poets^ 
of  the  last  century  are  still  loved  and  quoted f 


220 


NOTES   AND    QUERIES.        [10*  S.  I.  MARCH  12,  1904. 


•while  modern  so-styled  poets  have  to  be  taken 
•on  trust.  Mr.  lord  Madox  Hueffer  writes 
appreciatively  of  Christina  Rossetti.  Mrs.  John 
Lane  has  some  pleasant  gossip  on  'Entertaining.' 
A  second  list  of  signatures  appears  to  Mr.  Hare's 
recent  proposal  for  a  'British  Drama,'  and  L.  J. 
shows  how  acting  is  taught  at  the  Paris  Conser- 
vatoire. Mr.  Cloudesley  Brereton  agrees  with  us 
•on  the  question  of  '  Greek  and  the  Public  Schools.' — 
'  The  Franciscan  Legends  in  Italian  Art '  is  the 
subject  of  a  thoughtful  and  scholarly  article  in 
the  Nineteenth  Century  by  Emma  Gurney  Salter. 
•Giottese  frescoes  of  the  Franciscan  legends  have 
been  discovered  at  Pistoja  overlaid  with  a  coating 
of  green  paint.  Devout  affection,  we  are  told,  still 
hallows  the  name  of  the  saint  in  Italy.  Mr.  Henry 
Arthur  Jones  writes  on  '  The  Recognition  of  the 
Drama  by  the  State,'  and  is  far  from  optimistic  as 
to  the  results  of  modern  movements.  Should  a 
national  theatre  be  established,  Mr.  Jones  offers  to 
present  it  with  a  play  of  his  own  composition. 
The  value  of  such  a  gift  the  general  reader  will 
be  far  from  surmising.  R.  B.  Townshend 
describes  '  The  Snake-Dancers  of  Mishongnovi.' 
His  article  needs  illustrations.  "The  Flight  of 
the  Earls '  opens  out  an  interesting  subject. — 
The  frontispiece  to  the  Pall  Mall  consists  of  a  re- 
iproduction  in  tint  of  '  A  Cavalier,'  by  Meissonier. 
Following  this  conies  '  The  Life  of  a  Carthusian 
Monk  in  England,'  accompanied  by  photographs. 
•Under  the  title  of  '  An  Artist  of  the  People,'  a 
.study  is  given  of  Eugene  van  Meighem.  It  supplies 
many  characteristic  reproductions.  Whether  Mr. 
•George  Moore  intends  to  be  taken  seriously  in  his 
'  Avowals '  we  know  not.  Intentionally  or  unin- 
tentionally, he  is  very  diverting.  '  The  Victoria 
Falls  on  the  Zambesi  River'  gives  many  interesting 
•and  some  startling  views.  Mr.  Sharp  deals  with 
'  The  Thames  from  Oxford  to  the  Nore,'  and 
his  article  is  capitally  illustrated.  'The  Land 
of  the  Morning  Calm '  depicts  Korea. — Miss  Agnes 
•C.  Lant  in  "Ihe  Search  for  the  Western  Sea' 
supplies  to  Scribner  an  interesting  and  admirably 
illustrated  picture  of  early  exploration.  Mrs. 
{George  Bancroft's  very  interesting  correspondence 
is  accompanied  by  excellent  portraits  of  literary 
and  political  celebrities  of  the  early  part  of  last 
century  —  Bunsen,  Lord  Stratford  de  Redcliffe, 
Carlyle  and  his  wife,  Wellington,  Peel,  Kingsley, 
•&c.  Oapt.  Mahan's  admirable  '  History  of  the 
War  of  1812 '  is  continued,  and  there  is  a  life, 
accompanied  by  a  portrait,  of  Richard  Strauss. — 
A  third  instalment  of  '  Colonial  Memories,'  by 
Lady  Broome,  in  the  Cornhill,  keeps  up  the  high 
level  of  previous  numbers.  Judge  Parry  gives 
a  humorous  account  of  a  day  of  his  life  in  a 
county  court.  No.  iii.  of  '  Historic  Mysteries,'  by 
Mr.  Andrew  Lang,  differs  from  its  predecessors 
in  the  fact  that  the  writer  seems  able  to  solve 
'  The  Case  of  Alan  Breck,'  and  appears  loath  to 
do  so.  Prof.  Bonney  describes  '  The  Structure 
of  a  Coral  Reef,'  and  Miss  Betham-Edwards  writes 
instructively  concerning  'French  Housekeeping.' — 
The  Atlantic  Monthly  supplies  a  '  Southern  View  of 
Lynching.'  Mr.  Henry  Villard  gives  some  interest- 
ing recollections  of  Lincoln.  'Cicero  in  Maine' 
is  curious.  'George  Borrow'  is  a  sensible  article 
on  the  author  of  '  The  Bible  in  Spain.'  A  second 
part  of  'Fra  Paolo  Sarpi '  follows. — In  the  Gentle- 
man's, Mr.  Attenborough  describes  as  '  A  Remark- 
able Literary  Deception '  the  letters  of  Pope  Cle- 
•meut  XIV.  Rossini  scarcely  shines  as  a  humourist, 


though  he  was,  indeed,  a  pleasant  companion,  and 
said  many  clever  things  verging  upon  ill  nature. 
'  Doctor  Maginn '  is  the  subject  of  an  interesting 
paper. — Capt.  Vaughan  begins  in  Longman's  a  very 
striking  account,  to  be  continued,  of  the  great 
fight  on  the  '  Modder  River.'  Mr.  W.  E.  Hicks 
defends  play-reading,  which  stands  surely  in  little 
need  of  defence.  Among  many  subjects  on  which 
Mr.  Lang  converses  brilliantly  is  the  need  of  really 
good  rimes  to  certain  words. 


ME.  THOMPSON  COOPER,  of  whose  death  we  hear 
with  much  regret,  was  a  tolerably  frequent  con- 
tributor to  our  columns.  Best  known  as  a  jour- 
nalist, he  also  did  good  service  as  a  biographer,  and 
published,  through  Messrs.  Bell  &  Sons,  a  'Bio- 
graphical Dictionary,'  which  during  many  years 
held  a  position  of  authority.  From  the  beginning 
of  the  '  Dictionary  of  National  Biography '  he  was 
engaged  upon  it,  and  it  has  been  asserted  that  he 
was  responsible  for  a  larger  number  of  minor  bio- 
graphies than  any  other  contributor  to  its  pages. 
A  reply  on  the  subject  of  Robert  Scot,  or  Scott 
(9th  S.  xi.  334),  is  his  latest  traceable  communica- 
tion, and  is  worth  attention  as  a  proof  of  the 
amount  of  out-of-the-way  information  he  possessed. 
Mr.  Cooper  had  been  since  1860  a  Fellow  of  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries. 


itts  to 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 

Eut  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
eading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "  Duplicate." 

COL.  MILDMAY. — A  search  through  all  the  General 
Indexes  has  failed  to  give  a  clue  to  any  article  on 
the  meaning  of  the  name  Mildmay.  You  may  be 
interested  in  the  account  at  2nd  S.  iii.  497  of  the 
Diary  of  Sir  Humphrey  Mildmay,  as  his  life  is  not 
inthe'D.N.B.' 

ETIIKL  LKGA-WKEKKS.  —  Neither  'Fur  Deales' 
nor  '  Stanbury  Family '  can  be  traced. 

H.  R.  LSIGIITON  ("  King  of  Patterdale  ").— Anti- 
cipated, ante,  p.  193. 

ERRATA. — P.  179,  col.  1,  1.  8,  for  "  Gurton's"  read 
Gunton's.  P.  197,  col.  2,  1.  17,  for  "Westminster 
Abbey"  read  St.  Margaret's,  Westminister,  P.  198, 
col.  2,  1.  2,  for  "  Crazio  "  read  Orazio. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'" — Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
lisher"— at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  B.C. 


10*8.  L  MARCH  12, 1904.]         NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


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221 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  MARCH  10,  190!,. 


CONTENTS. -No.  12. 

NOTES  :— Shadwell's  '  Bury  Fair,'  221— William  of  Wyke- 
bam,  222— Jonson's  ' Alchemist,'  223— Foreign  English- 
Henry  Cole— Nicholas  Harpsfleld— John  Harpstield,  224— 
The  Last  of  the  War  Bow— Names  of  our  English  Kings  — 
J.  R.  Green  on  Freeman— "Go  for  "—Last  Peer  of  France 
— "Fulture"— First  Steam  Railway  Train,  225. 

QUERIES  :— Townshend  Pedigrees  —  Luke  King,  Deputy 
Muster  Master— Mrs.  Lane  and  Peter  Pindar  —  Catskin 
Earls  — Boer  War  of  1881— Game  of  State  — Powell  of 
Birkenhead  —  Northall,  Shropshire  —  Rodney's  Second 
Wife— Franco-German  War,  226— Speakers  of  the  Irish 
House  of  Commons  —  Leper  Hymn- Writer  — "  A  frog  he 
would  a-wooing  go"  — "There  was  a  man"  — Chelsea 
Physic  Garden — "Kick  the  bucket "  —  Robina  Crom- 
well-Dr.  Samuel  Hinds  —  Charles  V.  on  Languages- 
Bishop  Sanderson— Oprower — Samuel  Shelley,  227— Leap 
Year— Field-names,  Brightwalton,  Berks— "Flowers  the 
alphabet  of  angels  "— Dickens  Queries  —  Periodicals  for 
Women— "Mustlar":  "Muskyll."  228. 

REPLIES  :  -Tideswell  and  Tideslow,  228— The  Wreck  of  the 
Wager— Football  on  Shrove  Tuesday,  230— Rue  and  Tuscan 
Pawnbrokers,  231  — Charles  the  Bold  —  "  Paimage  and 
tollage  "— "  Cockshut  time  "—' Recommended  to  Mercy' 
—Epitaph  on  Sir  John  Seymour— "  Son  confort  et  Hesse  " 
—  "Silly  Billy,"  232  —  Salep  —  February  30  —  Earl  of 
Egremont,  233— Sir  Christopher  Parkins— Army  of  Lincoln 
—"The  eternal  feminine,"  234— "Drug  in  the  market  "- 
"  He  who  knows  not,"  &c.— Curious  Christian  Names,  235 
— French  Miniature  Painter — Browning's  Text  — "  Morale  " 
— "Auncell,"  237— Mess  Dress:  Sergeants'  Sashes— Japa- 
nese Names,  238.  •• 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS :— Waller's  HobbesTs  'Leviathan'— 
'Great  Masters '—Lucas's  'Works  of  Charles  and  Mary 
Lamb ' — Coleridge'^  '  Works  of  .Byron ' — Booksellers'  Cata- 
logues. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


SHADWELL'S    'BURY  FAIR.' 
IN   this    play,  produced    in   1689,    Act  I. 
scene  i.,  Oldwit  is  made  to  say  : — 

"  I  myself,  simple  as  I  stand  here,  was  a  wit  in 
the  last  age :  I  was  created  Ben  Jonson's  son,  in  the 
Apollo.  I  knew  Fletcher,  my  friend  Fletcher,  and 
his  maid  Joan.  Well,  I  shall  never  forget  him  ;  I 
have  supped  with  him  at  his  house  on  the  Bank- 
side  :  he  loved  a  fat  loin  of  pork  of  all  things  in 
the  world.  And  Joan  his  maid  had  her  beer-glass 
of  sack ;  and  we  all  kissed  her,  i'  faith,  and  were 
as  merry  as  passed." 

As  Thomas  Shad  well  was  born  about  1640 
he  may  well  have  heard  much  concerning 
Jonson,  who  died  three,  and  John  Fletcher, 
fifteen,  years  before  his  birth  ;  and  in  the 
above  quotation  we  get,  perhaps,  the  Christian 
name  of  the  "wench"  who,  according  to  John 
Aubrey  (i.  96,  ed.  Clark),  was  associated  with 
the  great  Twin  Brethren,  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  in  that  wonderful  household  "on 
the  Banke  Side."  Surely  the  Bankside  "not 
far  from  the  Play-house "  was  the  Bohemia 
with  a  sea-coast  we  wot  of,  and  Father 
Thames  did  duty  as  understudy  for  Neptune  ! 
Francis  Beaumont  is,  indeed,  not  mentioned 
in  the  above  extract,  but  he  had  died  in  1616 
— the  year  of  Shakespeare's  death — where- 
upon Joan  may  have  remained  with  the 
surviving  partner. 


Wildish  rejoins,  "This  was  enough  to  make 
any  man  a  wit,"  and  the  elder  man  continues, 
"  Pooh  !  this  was  nothing.  I  was  a  critic 
at  Blackfriars  ;  but  at  Cambridge,  none  so 
great  as  I  with  Jack  Cleveland.  But  Tom 
Randol(ph)  and  I  were  hand  and  glove :  Tom 
was  a  brave  fellow  ;  the  most  natural  poet ! " 

John  Cleveland,  the  Cavalier  poet,  had 
entered  Christ's  College  in  1627,  and  was 
Fellow  of  St.  John's  1634-45 ;  Thomas  Ran- 
dolph, poet  and  dramatist,  went  up  from 
Westminster  to  Trinity  1623,  and  in  1632  left 
Cambridge  for  London.  Randolph,  who  was 
classed  by  his  contemporaries  among  "  the 
most  pregnant  wits  of  the  age,"  died  within 
three  months  of  his  thirtieth  birthday  : 
"his  haire,  according  to  Aubrey,  was  of  a  very 
light  flaxen,  almost  white.  It  was  flaggy,  as  by  his 
picture  before  his  booke  appeares.  He  was  of  a 
pale,  ill  complexion  and  pock-pitten." 

Again,  in  Act  II.  scene  i.,  in  an  altercation 
with  his  wife,  Lady  Fantast,  Oldwit  says  : — 
"Shall  I,  who  was  Jack  Fletcher's  friend,  Ben 
Jonson's  son,  and  afterwards  an  intimate  crony  of 
Jack  Cleaveland  and  Torn  Randolph,  have  k'ept 
company  with  wits,  and  been  accounted  a  wit  these 
fifty  years,  live  to  be  deposed  by  you?" 

And  again  : — 

"  I,  that  was  a  Judge  at  Blackfriars,  writ  before 
Fletcher's  Works  and  Cartwright's,  taught  even 
Taylor  and  the  best  of  them  to  speak  ?  " 

The  first  collected  edition  of  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher's  plays  appeared  in  1647  ;  the  plays 
and  poems  of  William  Cartwright  in  1651. 
The  latter  died  in  1643,  aged  thirty-two, 
student  of  Christ  Church,  where  he  is  buried. 
The  Taylor  mentioned  above  is,  no  doubt, 
the  actor  Joseph  Taylor,  of  the  Globe  and 
Blackfriars  Theatres.  He  is  mentioned  in 
the  list  prefixed  to  the  First  Folio  Shake- 
speareasoneof  thetwenty-six  principal  actors, 
playing  possibly,  among  other  parts,  Hamlet 
and  lago.  He  acted  also  in  the  plays  of 
Shadwell's  favourite  dramatist  Ben  Jonson, 
and  in  those  of  Beaumont  and  Fletcher. 

Dryden,  in  his  defence  of  the  Epilogue  to 
his  great  ten -act  play  'The  Conquest  of 
Granada,'  derides,  in  his  majestic  way,  the 
species  of  would-be  wits  of  which  Oldwit  is 
a  notable  specimen.  The  comedies  of  the 
Restoration  excel  those  of  the  last  age  ; 
"and  this  will  be  denied  by  none,  but  some  few  old 
fellows  who  value  themselves  on  their  acquaintance 
with  the  Black  Friars ;  who,  because  they  saw  their 
plays,  would  pretend  a  right  to  judge  ours.  The 
memory  of  these  grave  gentlemen  is  their  only  plea 
for  being  wits.  They  can  tell  a  story  of  Ben  Jonson, 
and,  perhaps,  have  had  fancy  enough  to  give  a 
supper  in  the  Apollo,  that  they  might  be  called  his 
sons ;  and,  because  they  were  drawn  in  to  be  laughed 
at  in  those  times,  they  think  themselves  now 
sufficiently  entitled  to  laugh  at  ours.  Learning  I 


222 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  i.  MABCH  19, 190*. 


never  saw  in  any  of  them ;  and  wit  no  more  than 
they  could  remember.  In  short,  they  were  unlucky 
to  have  been  bred  in  an  unpolished  age,  and  more 
unlucky  to  live  to  a  refined  one.  They  have  lasted 
beyond  their  own,  and  are  cast  behind  ours  ;  and 
not  contented  to  have  known  little  at  the  age  of 
twenty,  they  boast  of  their  ignorance  at  three 
score.  ' 

It  is  in  this  essay — while  condescendingly 
contrasting  the  Elizabethan  drama  with  that 
of  his  own  day,  to  the  disadvantage  of  the 
former — that  he  says 

"Shakespeare  showed  the  best  of  his  skill  in  his 
Mercutio ;  and  he  said  himself,  that  he  was  forced 
to  kill  him  in  the  third  act,  to  prevent  being  killed 
by  him.  But,  for  my  part,  I  cannot  find  he  was  so 
dangerous  a  person  ;  I  see  nothing  in  him  but  what 
was  so  exceeding  harmless,  that  he  might  have 
lived  to  the  end  of  the  play,  and  died  in  his  bed, 
without  offence  to  any  man." 

But  elsewhere  his  praise  of  Shakespeare  is 
noble  and  discriminating;  and  the  modern 
reader  of  Dry  den's  heroic  plays  may  echo 
"  without  offence  "  the  author's  own  lines  in 
the  Prologue  to  '  Aureng-Zebe,'  where  he  says 
he  himself  "grows  weary  of  his  long-loved 
mistress,  Rhyme."  Whence  it  appears  that 
Glorious  John  had  seen  fit  to  revise  the 
opinion  given  by  Neander,  his  counterpart, 
in  'An  Essay  of  Dramatic  Poesy,'  that, 
blank  verse  being  too  low  for  tragedy,  riming 
couplets  are  the  only  wear  suitable  for  heroic 
plays.  And,  indeed,  the  blank  verse  of  'All 
for  Love '  is  a  great  relief  after  the  perpetual 
jingle,  of  'Aureng-Zebe'  or  "The  Conquest 
of  Granada,'  fine  though  the  lines  generally 
are.  The  mental  ear  aches  with  the  "damned 
iteration  " :  the  fatal  facility  of  the  poet  gives 
no  rest  to  his  readers. 

In  the  same  essay  he  makes  his  Eugenius 
(Lord  Buckhurst)  contrast  "  our  satirist 
Cleveland"  with  Donne.  The  former  gives 
us  "  common  thoughts  in  abstruse  words  ;  to 
express  a  thing  hard  and  unnaturally  is  his 
new  way  of  elocution."  A.  R.  BAYLEY. 


WILLIAM   OF   WYKEHAM. 

WHO  were  the  parents  of  William  of 
Wykeham,  Bishop  of  Winchester  1367-1404, 
founder  of  Winchester  College  and  of  New 
College,  Oxford  ?  The  account  of  the  Bishop 
of  Winchester  in  the  '  Dictionary  of  National 
Biography'  is  doubtless  the  latest  we  have  of 
him,  and  there  it  is  stated  that  his  parents 
were  John  Longe  and  Sibilla  Bowade  his 
wife,  the  same  as  recorded  by  Bishops  Lowth 
and  Moberly. 

Bishop  Lowth  is  doubtful  as  to  the  exact- 
ness of  the  account  he  gives  of  Bishop 
Wykeham's  family,  for  in  the  chart  pedigree 
contained  in  his  life  of  Wykeham  he  names 


Henry  Aas  as  a  brother  of  John  Longe,  and 
is  not  certain  if  the  name  of  Longe  is  a 
patronymic  or  only  an  appellation  of  the 
individual's  stature,  nor  does  he  give  the 
Christian  name  of  the  man  who  married 
Agnes,  the  supposed  sister  of  Bishop  Wyke- 
ham. Moreover,  there  seems  to  be  no  record 
that  William  of  Wykeham  was  ever  known 
by  the  name  of  William  Longe.  This  account, 
therefore,  of  Bishop  Wykeham's  parentage 
is  by  no  means  conclusive. 

It  is  shown  in  the  account  of  Bishop  Wyke- 
ham in  the  '  D.N.B.'  that 

"  he  was  not  the  great  architect  he  had  been  almost 
universally  considered,  that  he  made  no  mark  as  a 
statesman,  and  the  list  of  his  books  does  not  point 
to  any  superfluity  of  learning." 

Bishop  Lowth  states  that  he  does  not  appear 
to  have  studied  at  any  university,  and  there- 
fore had  no  academical  degree. 

What  could  have  been  the  cause,  then,  of 
such  a  man  as  this  (apparently  the  son  of 
quite  humble  parents,  and  not  endowed 
by  nature  with  extraordinary  talent  nor  by 
education  with  great  learning)  rising  to  so 
high  a  position  in  the  State  as  he  did,  amass- 
ing sufficient  wealth  to  build  and  endow  the 
great  school  at  Winchester  and  a  college  at 
Oxford  during  his  lifetime,  and  to  leave  at 
his  death  ample  estate  to  establish  the  family 
who  adopted  the  name  of  Wykeham  in  place 
of  their  own  1 

I  venture  to  suggest  that  the  true  parentage 
of  Bishop  Wykeham  has  not  yet  been  dis- 
closed, and  that  John  Longe  and  Sibilla  his 
wife  were  the  foster-parents  of  the  bishop, 
and  not  his  actual  father  and  mother — that 
Wykeham  was  not  his  family  name. 

There  are  several  Wykehams  mentioned  in 
the  bishop's  will,  but  except  those  who  were 
born  Perots  and  adopted  the  name  of  Wyke- 
ham, he  calls  none  of  them  cousins,  as  he 
does  the  descendants  of  Henry  Aas  and  John 
and  Alice  Archemore,  nor  does  he  go  beyond 
the  generic  term  "  cousin  "  or  "  kinsman  "  in 
speaking  of  any  of  his  supposed  relations. 

Bishop  Lowth  says  : — 

"  We  must  allow  Wykeham  to  have  been  what 
the  Romans  call  Novus  homo,  so  with  regard  to  his 
surname  he  might  be  strictly  and  literally  the  first 
of  his  family." 

A  nothus  would  be  the  first  of  his  family, 
and  there  appear  to  be  so  many  difficulties 
in  deciding  to  what  family  Bishop  Wykeham 
belonged,  that  it  is  doing  him  no  injustice  if 
we  suppose  him  to  have  been  a  ncithus.  No 
fault  of  his  if  he  was  such.  Bishop  Lowth 
also  says : — 

"  Conscious  to  himself  that  his  claim  to  honour 
was  unexceptionable,  as  founded  upon  truth  and 


i.  MAWH  19,  i9(M.]     NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


223 


reason,  he  in  a  manner  makes  his  appeal  to  the 
world,  alleging  that  neither  high  birth,  to  which  he 
makes  no  pretensions,  nor  high  station,  upon  which 
he  does  not  value  himself,  but  virtue  alone,  is  true 
nobility." 

He  adopts  a  motto  quite  appropriate  for  one 
born  as  described,  "  Manners  rnakyth  Man," 
and  round  his  coat  of  arms  is  the  motto  of 
the  Garter,  "  Honi  soit  qui  mal  y  pense." 

In  the  Patent  Rolls  6  Edward  II.,  noticed 
by  Dr.  Barnes  in  his  history  of  King  Ed- 
wai'd  III.  and  by  other  writers,  we  read : — 

"  For  so  pleasing  to  his  father  King  Edward  II. 
was  the  birth  of  this  hopeful  prince  on  13  Nov., 
1312,  that  on  16  December  following  he  gave  to  John 
Launge,  valet  to  the  qiwen,  and  to  Isabel  his  wife, 
and  to  the  longest  liver  of  them,  twenty -four 
pounds  per  annum  to  be  paid  out  of  the  farm  of 
London." 

As  valet  to  Queen  Isabella  John  Launge  was 
doubtless  a  Frenchman. 

Miss  Strickland,  in  her '  Lives  of  the  Queens 
of  England,'  states 

"  that  King  Edward  II.  gives  to  John  Lounges, 
valet  to  the  queen,  and  to  Isabel  his  wife  an  annual 
pension  of  '201.  for  life." 

"  In  1322  Queen  Isabella  obtains  a  reprieve  from 
death  of  her  lover  Roger  Mortimer.  In  1323 
Mortimer  was  again  condemned  to  suffer  death, 
and  once  more  a  mysterious  influence  interposed 
between  him  and  the  royal  vengeance,  and  on  the 
first  of  August  of  the  same  year  Mortimer  escaped 
from  the  Tower  and  got  safely  to  France.  During 
the  year  1324  there  was  a  fierce  struggle  between 
the  queen  and  the  Despencers,  which  ended  in  the 
discharge  of  all  her  French  servants." 

William  of  Wykeham  is  said  to  have  been 
born  at  Wykeham,  in  Hampshire,  between 
7  July  and  27  September,  1324. 

I  think  that  John  Launge  or  Lounges, 
valet  to  the  queen,  and  Isabel  his  wife  are 
the  same  persons  as  the  John  Longe  and 
Sibilla  given  in  the  chart  pedigree  by  Bishop 
Lowth  as  the  parents  of  Bishop  Wykeham  ; 
and  from  the  various  incidents  recorded  of 
Wykeham's  early  career  and  rapid  advance- 
ment, the  fact  that  his  actual  parents  were 
something  more  than  of  humble  station,  the 
position  of  John  Launge  and  his  wife  about 
the  queen,  and  granting  his  identification 
with  John  Longe,  the  reputed  father  of  Wyke- 
ham, it  does  not  appear  to  be  a  very  desperate 
speculation  to  conclude  that  Wykeham  was 
the  base  half-brother  of  Edward  III.,  and  the 
son  of  Isabella  and  Roger  Mortimer,  given 
into  the  care  of  John  Launge  when  the  French 
servants  left  the  Court. 

"The  particular  of  Edward  III.'s  meeting  with 
Wykeham  first  at  Winchester  is  destitute  of  proof. 
Archbishop  Parker  says  he  was  made  known  to  the 
king  at  Windsor,  which  is  equally  uncertain.  The 
most  ancient  authors  only  say  that  he  was  brought  to 
Court  and  taken  into  the  king's  service." — Lowth. 


King  Edward  III.  visited  his  mother  at 
stated  periods  during  her  long  imprisonment, 
and  it  may  have  been  during  one  of  these 
visits  that  Queen  Isabella  informed  her  son 
the  king  that  his  base-born  half-brother  had 
been  brought  up  by  her  faithful  valet  John 
Launge  and  his  wife  as  their  child,  and  that 
he  was  living  at  Winchester.  This  would 
account  for  the  king  sending  for  the  young 
man  and  placing  him  at  Court.  His  be- 
coming a  cleric  would  remove  the  ill  feeling 
the  king  might  entertain  towards  him,  ana- 
would  give  the  king  an  opportunity  of  fur- 
thering his  interests  in  the  Church,  where- 
Wykeham  might  assist  the  king  in  return. 
This  could  be  done  without  any  relationship 
being  revealed  between  the  parties,  or  the 
relationship  could  be  kept  secret  between 
them.  This  would  also  explain  the  cause  of 
the  rapid  promotion  and  the  many  clerical 
preferments  conferred  upon  William  of  Wyke- 
ham, culminating  in  his  appointment  to  the 
rich  see  of  Winchester,  and  afterwards  to  the 
Chancellorship. 

At  the  end  of  the  reign  of  King  Edward  III. 
a  quarrel  took  place  between  John  of  Gaunt 
and  Bishop  Wykeham,  which  is  said  to  have 
originated  in  a  report  supposed  to  have  been 
circulated  by  the  bishop  concerning  the 
illegitimacy  of  John  of  Gaunt.  The  accounts 
are  very  conflicting,  and  the  truth  might 
bave  been  the  reverse  of  what  was  reported, 
and  John  of  Gaunt  may  have  taunted  the 
bishop  on  his  illegitimate  birth.  However 
that  may  be,  there  is  nothing  in  the  idea 
have  here  set  forth  to  diminish  the  fame 
attached  to  the  name  of  Bishop  Wykeham  :: 
but  if  the  suggestions  I  have  made  could 
be  more  fully  substantiated  from  the  public 


records    or   other  sources,  a  little   mite  of 
truth  would  be  added  to  our  histories. 

R.  C.  BOSTOCK. 


JONSON'S  'ALCHEMIST.'— I  have  just  been 
reading  the  sumptuous  edition  of  this  comedy 
published  by  the  De  La  More  Press.  It  has 
been  eloquently  reviewed  and  its  many  merits 
pointed  out  in  these  columns  (9th  S.  xii.  478), 
Mine  is  the  less  pleasant  duty  of  drawing 
attention  to  a  defect.  My  complaint  is  that, 
although  several  of  the  alchemical  terms  with 
which  this  play  abounds  have  been  cleared 
up  in  '  N.  &  Q.,'  Mr.  Hart  has  not  discovered 
this,  and  consequently  gives  a  wrong  account 
of  them  in  his  glossarial  notes.  The  follow- 
ing are  his  remarks  on  heautarit : — 

"  Perhaps  the  same  as  '  Hyarith,  a  word  used  by 
some  of  the  affected  chemical  writers  for  silver.' — 
Rees's  Chambers's  '  Cyclop.'  Another  suggestion  is 
'  Hetalibit  est  Terebinthina.' — '  Lexicon  Chymicum.r 


224 


NOTES   AND    QUERIES.        [10*  S.  I.  MAR^I  19,  1904. 


And  Howell  has  '  Altaris,  Altarit,  Alozet,  Quick- 
silver.' The  word  is  not  in  the  least  likely  to  be  of 
•Greek  origin." 

The  word  was  explained  by  me  as  far  back  as 
1896  (8th  S.  x.  234),  as  might  have  been  dis- 
covered from  the  General  Index,  and  students 
would  then  have  been  spared  the  totally 
irrelevant  quotations  from  Rees  and  the 
*  Lexicon  Chymicum.'  The  quotation  from 
Howell  happens  to  be  correct.  Altaris,  altarit, 
antarit,  antaric,  heautarit,  are  all  more  or  less 
corrupt  spellings  of  the  Arabic  name  for 
Mercury  (both  planet  and  metal),  utarid. 

Another  word  1  have  explained  here  (9th  S. 
iii.  386)  is  adrop.  Mr.  Hart  appears  to 
identify  it  with  azar  or  azane,  which  is  quite 
another  word.  Adrop  is  the  Persian  usrup, 
Arabic  usrub  or  usruf,  lead.  Azar  is  corrupted 
from  Arabic  hajar,  which  means  the  philo- 
sopher's stone. 

My  excuse  for  referring  to  my  own  articles 
must  be  that  the  Clarendon  Press  announces 
as  in  preparation  a  standard  edition  of  Jonson, 
with  the  co-operation  of  Prof.  C.  H.  Herford 
and  P.  Simpson,  which  makes  it  needful  to 
criticize  somewhat  minutely  the  existing 
standard  works.  JAMES  PLATT,  Jun. 

FOREIGN  ENGLISH.  —  From  time  to  time 
examples  of  foreign  English  have  appeared 
in  '  N.  &  Q.'  The  following  is  an  interesting 
example.  It  comes  from  a  bottle  label  of  a 
certain  liqueur  called  "Liqueur  du  Pere 
Kerman,"  made,  I  think,  in  or  near  Bor- 
deaux. 

IMPORTANT  REMARKS. 

Please  observe  the  as  ot  this  famous  and  wel- 
known  liquor  Three  sorts  to  the  flad  :  N°  1.  Of 
yellow  calom  is  very  stomachicand  principally  for 
the  use  of  convalescents  or  such  persons  who  are 
note  accustomed  the  faking  spirits.  N°  2.  Of 
colour  green  bas  a  well  doingt  but  more  po  werfull 
influence  on  the  digestion  and  into  be  chosen  by 
persons  of  strong  constitution.  N°  3.  Of  green 
colour  (cohits  land  more  aromatic  soraducing  a 

§reater  effection  the  digestion  than  N°  1  et  2,  in 
estined  only  forsuch  persons  who  alreody  accus- 
tomed to  spirits  desire  a  strong  stimulating  liquor. 
GUARANTEE. — All  botles  have  on  the  corks  as  veil 
as  on  the  labels  the  signature  of  A.  Kermann  et 
O.  Sieuzac.     The  capsule  is  fixed  to  the  bottle  by  a 
string  wase  end  are  attached  to  a  stampe  of  lead 
bearing  the  mark  of  the  manufactory. 

The  word  following  "cohits,"  or  joined  to  it, 
is  indistinct,  being  partly  spoilt  by  the 
endorsed  signature.  "  Soraducing  "  is  perhaps 
"spraducing."  The  "Important  Observa- 
tions "  in  French  and  Spanish  which  are  side 
by  side  with  the  English  are  of  little  help 
towards  an  interpretation  of  the  above, 
which  it  is  evident  was  not  written  as  a 
literal  translation  of  either. 

Perhaps  I  may  give  another  example  of 


foreign  English.   It  was  printed  some  twenty 
years  ago  on  a  little  cigarette  roller,  which 
was  called  "Le  Cigarogene,"  and  came  from 
Paris,  Boulevard  de  Strasbourg,  24. 
INSTRUCTIONS. 

1th  Movement.  To  lay  the  sheet  of  paper  on  the 
inside  of  the  mold  cover. 

2d  To  put  the  tobacco  on  the  lowest  part  of  the 
paper  (never  in  the  middle.) 

3th  Heap  up  the  tobacco  with  the  two  forefingers. 

4.  To  fold  the  cigarogene  who  grow  round  the 
tobacco  Making  it  slide  on  itself  the  cigarette  rolls. 

5.  And    come   out    ready   and    perfectly    made 
between  the  fingers  of  the  smoker. 

The  strenght  of  the  mold  cover  is  warranded  for 
the  use  of  the  paper  therein  contained  if  the  smoker 
does  not  force  it. 

In  case  of  breaking  the  half  of  it  is  sufficient  to 
roll  it  but  the  two  pieces  can  be  put  togheter  with 
a  small  band  of  gumed  paper. 

If  there  was  some  sheet  detached  the  smoker  will 
pass  the  india  rubber  band  on  the  quire  before 
rolling  the  cigarette. 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

HENRY  COLE.— The  '  D.N.B.,'  xi.  268,  says : 
"It  is  said  that  he  regained  his  liberty  on 
4  April,  1574,  but  his  name  occurs  in  a  list  of 
prisoners  in  1579."  The  facts  are :  (1)  He 
was  ordered  to  be  released  on  bail  3  April, 
1574  ('  P.C.A.'  [N.S.],  viii.  218).  (2)  For  some 
reason  he  was  not  released,  and  we  have  the 
order  repeated  17  April,  1575  (ibid.,  viii.  367). 
(3)  In  November,  1577,  he  was  living  at 
Baling.  In  'S.  P.  Dom.,  Eliz.,'  cxviii.  73, 
occurs  the  following  entry  :  "  Henry  Cole, 
Doctor  of  law  at  Yeling.  Littell  or  nothing 
worth."  (4)  In  1579  he  was  back  again  in  the 
Fleet  (see  Strype,  'Ann.,'  II.  ii.  660). 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

NICHOLAS  HARPSFIELD.  —  The  '  D.N.B.,' 
xxiv.  431,  says:  "He  was  committed  a 
prisoner  to  the  Tower,  where  he  remained 
from  1559  till  his  death  in  1575."  The  facts 
are :  (1)  He  was  committed  to  the  Fleet 

20  August  (Harl.  MS.  Pluto  L.E.,  360-7)  or 

21  August  (•  S.  P.  Dom.,  Eliz.,'  xviii.  5),  1559, 
for  trying  to  fly  the  country.    (2)   He  was 
liberated  from  the  Fleet  on  bail  19  August, 
1574,  with  his  brother  John,  and  allowed  with 
him  to  go  to  Bath  for  his  health  ('P.C.A.' 
[N.S.],  viii.  283,  4).     On  27  November,  1575, 
he  was  too  ill  to  appear  personally  before  the 
Star  Chamber  (ibid.,  ix.   54) ;  and   he  died 
18  December,  1575,  probably  in  some  private 
house  in  London. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

JOHN  HARPSFIELD.  —  The  '  D  N.B.,'  xxiv. 
430,  says  that  he  was  imprisoned  in  the  Fleet 
for  about  a  year,  and  thereafter  lived  with  a 
relative  in  St.  Sepulchre's  parish.  In  fact,  he 
was  committed  to  the  Fleet  either  7  June 
C  S.  P.  Dom.,  Eliz.,'  xviii.  5)  or  9  July  (Harl 


10'"  S.  I.  MARCH  19,  1904.]          NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


225 


MS.  Pluto  L.E.,  360-7),  1561,  and  was  ordered 
to  be  kept  in  close  confinement  there  28  July, 
1562  ('P.C.A.'  [N.S.],  vii.  119).  Thence  he  was 
released  on  bail  19  August,  1574  (ibid.,  viii. 
283).  On  18  July,  1577,  he  was  committed  to 
the  custody  of  the  Bishop  of  Lincoln  (ibid., 
ix.  388,  x.  4),  whence  he  was  transferred  on 
the  ground  of  serious  illness  to  the  custody 
of  the  Bishop  of  London,  5  November,  1577 
(ibid.,  x.  54).  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

THE  LAST  OP  THE  WAR  Bow.  (See  9th  S. 
iv.  424.)— The  following  quotation  is  taken 
from  J.  T.  Wheeler's  'A  Short  History  of 
India,'  <fec.,  1880  :  "  It  is  not  always  re- 
membered that  bows  and  arrows  have  been 
used  in  European  warfare  during  this  cen- 
tury. Marbot  says  the  Cossacks  at  Leipzic 
were  so  armed."  The  battle  of  Leipzic 
(16-18  October,  1813),  one  of  the  most  dis- 
astrous defeats  inflicted  on  Napoleon,  has 
been  called  "  the  battle  of  the  nations  "  on 
account  of  the  numbers  and  different  nation- 
alities of  the  forces  engaged . 

M.  J.  D.  COCKLE. 

Solan,  Punjab. 

NAMES  OF  OUR  ENGLISH  KINGS.— It  is  some- 
what remarkable  that,  amongst  all  the  names 
of  our  kings  since  the  Norman  Conquest, 
only  one  is  native  English,  viz.,  Edward. 
Indeed,  only  five  are  of  Germanic  origin,  viz. 
(in  addition  to  Edward),  William,  Henry, 
Richard,  and  Charles,  all  French  forms  of 
Old  German  origin.  The  rest  are  all  foreign. 
Stephen  and  George  are  Greek  ;  John,  Mary, 
Elizabeth,  James,  and  Anne  are  Hebrew ; 
and  only  one  is  Latin,  that  name  of  happy 
omen,  Victoria.  WALTER  W.  SEE  AT. 

J.  R.  GREEN  ON  FREEMAN. — In  the  '  His- 
torical Studies '  of  the  late  Mr.  J.  R.  Green, 
lately  published,  the  following  sentence 
occurs,  p.  103.  The  reference  is  to  Freeman's 
'  Norman  Conquest.' 

"  We  must  say,  in  justice  to  the  Count,  that  when 
he  dedicated  his  abbey  '  in  honore  ac  memoria 
illarum  ccelestium  virtutum  quas  Cherubin  et 
Seraphim  sublimiores  sacra  testatur  auctoritas,'  it 
is  odd  construing  to  translate  this  'in  honour  of 
the  Cherubin  and  Seraphim.'  Above  them  in  the  j 
celestial  hierarchy  came  the  three  Persons  of  the 
Trinity,  and  it  was  to  the  Trinity  that  Fulk  dedi- 
cated his  house  at  Loches." 

Surely  the  dedication  as  given  in  the  original 
is  to  'the  Heavenly  Host,  among  whom  the 
Cherubin  and  Seraphim  are  highest."  The 
word  quas  may  present  a  difficulty  in  either 
rendering,  but  the  sentence  is  perfectly  clear 
otherwise,  and  it  certainly  seems  very  "  odd  " 
to  class  the  three  Persons  of  the  Trinity 
among  the  "  celestial  hierarchy."  M. 


"Go  FOR "= ATTACK. — "It  is  exactly  self- 
evident  theories  of  this  kind,"  says  Prpf- 
Baldwin  Brown,  in  his  volume  on  'The  Life 
of  Saxon  England  in  its  Relation  to  the  Arts,' 
1903,  p.  70, 

"far  which  the  scientific  critic  of  the  day  is  inclined 
to  go.  For  the  sake  of  clearness  it  may  be  said  here 
that  the  orthodox  theory  just  outlined  seems  to  the 
present  writer  more  than  dubious,"  &c. 

For  the  sake  of  clearness  it  may  be  said  in 
'N.  &  Q.'  that  Prof.  Brown's  English  is  not 
orthodox  English  at  all,  but  slang,  though 
that,  no  doubt,  is  English  in  the  making. 
So — without  claiming  to  be  a  scientific  critic — 
1  "  go  for  "  Mr.  Brown  !  For  his  work  I  have- 
the  highest  respect. 

WILLIAM  GEORGE  BLACK. 

Glasgow. 

THE  LAST  PEER  OF  FRANCE.— The  enclosed' 
paragraph  from  the  Irish  Times  of  27  Feb- 
ruary strikes  me  as  being  of  sufficient 
historical  importance  to  interest  readers  of" 
'N.  &Q.':- 

"  The  last  peer  of  France  has  just  passed  away 
by  the  death  of  M.  le  Marquis  de  Gouvion  Saint 
Cyr.  There  are  many  dukes,  and  counts,  and 
barons  in  France  to-day,  but  they  only  hold  their 
titles  by  courtesy,  and  under  the  Republic  have- 
no  legal  right  to  them.  But  le  Marquis  de  Gouvion 
Saint  Cyr  had  really  sat  in  Parliament  as  an  here- 
ditary peer,  for  he  was  born  in  1815,  and  succeeded 
his  father,  the  Marshal,  in  1841." 

HERBERT  B.  CLAYTON. 
39,  Renfrew  Road,  Lower  Kennington  Lane. 

"FULTURE."—  In  the  lease  of  a  farm  at 
Hansworth  Woodhouse,  co.  York,  in  1721, 
the  tenant  is  bound  to  "leave  all  compost, 
fulture,  and  manure  "  of  the  last  year  of  his 
tenancy,  on  the  premises.  In  another  lease, 
of  a  farm  at  Eckington,  co.  Derby,  1739,  the 
tenant  covenants  to  "lay  or  sett  all  the 
mannure,  fulture,  and  compost"  on  som& 
part  of  the  land.  I  do  not  find  this  word  in 
any  dictionary,  but  it  is  doubtless  a  form  of 
fulyie  or  fulzie,  which  the  'N.E.D.'  says  is 
(l)'the  sweepings  or  refuse  of  the  streets, 
(2)  manure.  W.  C.  B. 

FIRST  STEAM  RAILWAY  TRAIN.  — The  fol- 
lowing occurred  in  the  Western  Echo  (Exeter) 
for  12  February  :— 

"To-day  is  the  centenary  of  the  railway  loco- 
motive. On  12  Feb.,  1804,  Richard  Trevithick,  the 
Cornish  inventor,  then  employed  at  Merthyr  TydviL 
ran  the  trial  trip  of  his  steam  carriage  over  the  old 
horse  tramway  from  Penydarren  Ironworks  (now 
disappeared)  to  Navigation'Canal  Wharf,  nine  miles 
lower  down  in  the  'faff  Valley.  The  accomplish- 
ment of  the  feat  was  the  means  of  Mr.  Samuel 
Homfray,  the  Penydarren  ironmaster,  winning  a 
bet  of  l.OOW.  which  he  had  made  with  Mr.  Richard 
Crawshay,  Cyfarthfa,  that  he  would  convey  a  load 


226 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,     no*  s.  i.  MARCH  19, 190*. 


•of  iron  by  steam  power  over  the  tramway  to  the 
point  named.  The  journey,  not  unnaturally,  was 
accompanied  by  circumstances  of  difficulty.  The 
train  conveyed  70  passengers,  besides  10  tons  of 
iron,  and  the  stack  of  the  strange  -  looking  loco- 
motive, being  of  bricks,  was  overthrown  upon 
colliding  with  a  bridge.  Trevithick  succeeded  in 
repairing  the  damage,  and  accomplished  the  run  at 
the  rate  of  five  miles  an  hour.  The  train  failed, 
however,  to  get  back  again,  for  the  reason  that  the 
gradients  were  too  steep  and  the  curves  in  the 
"tramline  too  sharp." 

HARRY  HEMS. 
Fair  Park,  Exeter. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
an  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

TOWNSHEND  PEDIGREES.  —1  am  endeavour- 
ing to  make  a  complete  collection  of  the 
pedigrees  of  the  Townshend  or  Townsend 
lamily  in  England.  I  should  be  greatly 
obliged  by  any  information  concerning  the 
families  settled  in  Wales  and  Salop,  other 
than  those  descended  from  Sir  R.  Agborough, 
who  assumed  the  name  of  his  stepfather 
Aurelian  Townsend.  There  are  also  said  to 
have  been  descendants  of  Thomas  of  Tester- 
ton,  Norfolk,  settled  at  Cramworth  and 
Wretham.  I  should  be  grateful  for  any 
.account  of  them.  DOROTHEA  TOWNSHEND. 

117,  Banbury  Road,  Oxford. 

LUKE  KING,  DEPUTY  MUSTER  MASTER, 
IRELAND,  1689. — This  gentleman  was  attainted 
by  King  James's  Irish  Parliament,  1689.  On 
6  August,  same  year,  he  was  examined  before 
the  English  House  of  Lords  on  the  mis- 
carriages in  Ireland,  when  he  stated  he  had 
come  over  in  January,  and  knew  nothing. 
Was  he  the  same  Luke  King  who  was  ap- 
pointed, with  Henry,  first  Viscount  Palmer- 
ston,  21  Sept.,  1680,  to  the  office  of  Chief 
Remembrancer  of  H.M.'s  Court  of  Exchequer 
in  Ireland,  during  their  respective  lives,  and 
on  whose  death  the  patent  was  renewed  to 
iLord  Palmerston  and  his  son  Henry  Temple 
for  life,  6  June,  1716  ?  I  shall  be  glad  of  any 
information  on  the  subject,  and  any  par- 
ticulars as  to  the  family  of  these  officials,  or 
-of  the  one.  CHARLES  S.  KING,  Bt. 

St.  Leonards-on-Sea. 

MRS.  LANE  AND  PETER  PINDAR.  —  I  was 
informed  by  a  relative  that  my  grandmother 
Mrs.  Lane,  in4e  Chandler,  copied  out  for  the 
fpress  Peter  Pindar's  satires.  I  believe  that 
i)oth  my  grandparents  belonged  to  families 
having  strong  Jacobite  sympathies,  and 


had  many  literary  and  artistic  friends.  I 
should  be  glad  of  any  opinion  or  criticism 
bearing  on  the  probability  or  otherwise  of 
this  tradition.  A.  WALLACE. 

Pennthorpe,  Mead  Road,  Chislehurst. 

CATSKIN  EARLS. — I  should   be  very  glad 
indeed  of  any  information  on  this  subject. 
(Rev.)  H.  H.  COURTENAY. 
Kenton,  Exeter. 

[See  7th  S.  ix.  314,  393,  435,  512.] 

BOER  WAR  OF  1881. — Can  you  tell  me  of  a 
good  book  on  the  Boer  war  of  1881 1  I  seek 
a  book  that  gives  the  regiments  in  garrison 
at  the  different  places,  along  with  accounts 
of  the  fighting,  &c.  I  want  especially  to 
study  the  sieges  of  Pretoria,  Potchefstroom, 
Pietersburg,  <fec.  A.  J.  MITCHELL,  Major, 
Lancaster  Fusiliers. 

GAME  OF  STATE. — I  am  a  member  of  a  club 
where  intellectual  diversions  are  always  in 
requisition.  I  shall  be  glad  if  a  reader  can 
give  any  particulars  of  the  "  Game  of  State," 
which  is,  I  believe  (as  is  chess),  of  Eastern 
origin,  and  needs  much  "  subtlety  of  thought 
and  purpose  "  for  its  successful  practice — so 
I  am  told.  ASTRAPATH. 

POWELL  OF  BIRKENHEAD.  —  Can  any  one 
give  me  the  date  of  marriage  of  Eliza  Powell 
to  Mr.  John  Shaw,  the  waggon  proprietor  of 
Liverpool?  (Mrs.)  J.  HAUTENVILLE  COPE. 

13c,  Hyde  Park  Mansions,  W. 

NORTHALL,  SHROPSHIRE. — Any  early  or  late 
information  about  Northall  will  be  gladly 
received.  In  the  Visitations  it  is  said  to  be 
"in  Kinnersley,"  and  was  the  birthplace  of 
Edward  Hall,  the  historian.  But  Eyton  does 
not  mention  the  place,  nor  is  it  marked  in 
the  '  Stafford  Estate  Maps.'  C. 

RODNEY'S  SECOND  WIFE.— I  should  be  glad 
to  know  details  of  the  family  of  Henrietta 
Clies,  of  Lisbon,  who  was  the  second  wife  of 
Admiral  Lord  Rodney.  Miss  Clies  is  stated 
to  have  been  the  daughter  of  John  Clies,  of 
Lisbon,  merchant,  but  no  further  details  are 
given  in  printed  pedigrees.  Any  information 
on  the  subject  of  this  marriage  would  be 
welcomed.  P.  M.  ' 

FRANCO-GERMAN  WAR.— Can  any  one  tell 
me  what  became  of  the  landed  property  of 
the  Frenchmen  of  Alsace  and  Lorraine  who 
refused  to  accept  German  rule  ?  Was  it  sold 
to  land  speculators  ?  Was  it  confiscated  ? 
Or  was  some  arrangement  made  by  which 
residents  in  France  could  still  receive  the 
rents  of  estates  which  were  no  longer  French  1 

E.  O.  E.  A. 


I.  MARCH  19,  1904.]         NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


227 


SPEAKERS  OF  IRISH  HOUSE  OF  COMMONS, 
AND  MEMBERS  FOR  COUNTY  AND  BOROUGHS 
OF  KING'S  COUNTY. —Information  is  desired 
AS  to  names  and  dates  of  Speakers  of  the  Irish 
House  of  Commons  from  1660  to  1780 ;  also 
as  to  names  of  members  for  the  King's  County 
and  the  boroughs  in  it  during  the  same 
period.  FRANCESCA. 

LEPER  HYMN-WRITER. — Is  there  anything 
more  to  be  learnt  about  the  leper  and  his 
hymns  mentioned  below  1 — 

"  In  the  fourteenth  century,  it  is  said,  all  Europe 
was  carolling  the  songs  of  an  unknown  singer,  and 
when  he  was  found,  he  was  a  leper  who  had  carried 
a  little  bell  to  warn  people  of  his  approach,  and 
•went  muffled,  from  very  loathsomeness,  about  the 
public  streets." — Duffield's '  English  Hymns,'  p.  466. 

C.  B. 

Providence,  R.L 

"A     FROG     HE     WOULD     A- WOOING     GO." — I 

should  be  greatly  obliged  if  you  could  refer 
me  to  a  book  which  would  tell  me  the  names 
•of  the  people  represented  in  the  old  rime 

A  frog  he  would  a-wooing  go,  &c. 
None  of  the  books  of  reference  which  I  have 
gives  me  any  clue.  J.  E.  DENISON. 

[We  do  not  believe  in  any  allusion  to  individuals.] 

"THERE  WAS  A  MAN."— Can  any  of  your 
readers  inform  me  if  they  have  heard  the  fol- 
lowing nursery  rime  ? 

There  was  a  man,  a  man  indeed, 
Who  sowed  his  garden  full  of  seed,  &c. 

It  used  to  be  repeated  to  my  mother  by  her 
nurse,  who  was,  I  believe,  a  North-Country 
woman.  Is  there  any  meaning  to  be  attached 
to  it  1  L.  A.  LUXMOORE. 

[See  7th  S.  ii.  507 ;  iii.  35 ;  v.  53,  91.] 

CHELSEA  PHYSIC  GARDEN.  —  Mr.  W.  C. 
flazlitt,  in  the  Antiquary  of  July,  1885,  p.  11, 
writing  on  tenures  and  manorial  customs, 
mentions  in  regard  to  Chelsea  that 

*'Sir  Hans  Sloane,  who  became  lord  of  the  manor 
in  1712,  granted  the  freehold  of  four  acres,  occupied 
as  a  physic  garden  on  the  riverside,  to  the  Apothe- 
caries' Company  for  ever,  on  condition  that  they 
should  pay  a  quit  rent  of  51.,  use  the  garden  for 
that  specific  purpose,  and  present  yearly  to  the 
Royal  Society  fifty  specimens  grown  in  situ,  till  the 
collection  amounted  to  2,000." 

Was  this  latter  condition  ever  fulfilled  ? 

S.  L.  PETTY. 

"KicK  THE  BUCKET."  —  Can  any  reader 
tell  me  the  origin  and  meaning  of  this  phrase  1 
I  have  searched  the  usual  books  of  reference, 
but  do  not  find  it.  I  mind  me  of  an  old 
story  told  of  some  famous  "  wit "  (was  it 
Theodore  Hook  or  Dean  Swift1?)  who,  walking 
with  another  equally  famous  "  wit,"  en- 


countered a  bucket  on  the  pavement.  "Ah, 
sir,"  said  the  one,  "you've  kicked  the 
bucket."  To  which  the  other  promptly  re- 
plied, "  No,  sir,  I  only  turned  a  little  pale " 
(pail !).  E.  P.  W. 

[Farmer  and  Henley's  '  Slang  and  its  Analogues,' 
s.  v.  '  Kick  the  bucket,'  states  that  bucket  is  a  Nor- 
folk term  for  a  pulley  used  when  pigs  are  killed. 
An  alternative  theory  is  offered  that  the  bucket 
was  a  pail  kicked  away  by  a  suicide.] 

ROBINA  CROMWELL.  —  Are   any  portraits 
extant  of  Oliver  Cromwell's  youngest  sister, 
who  married  Bishop  Wilkins  of  Chester  1 
(Mrs.)  J.  HAUTENVILLE  COPE. 

13c,  Hyde  Park  Mansions,  W. 

DR.  SAMUEL  HINDS,  FORMERLY  BISHOP  OF 
NORWICH. — Has  any  one  an  account  of  the 
funeral  of  Dr.  Hinds,  which  took  place  at 
Kensal  Green  Cemetery  in  1872 1  He  was 
Dean  of  Carlisle  previous  to  1849,  when  he 
was  consecrated  Bishop  of  Norwich,  which 
see  he  resigned  from  conscientious  scruples 
in  1857.  I  should  like  to  know  who  officiated 
at  his  funeral.  FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

CHARLES  V.  ON  LANGUAGES.— I  have  often 
tried  to  ascertain  the  correct  version  of  the 
Emperor  Charles  V.'s  saying  about  languages. 
He  classified  five  somethinglike  this :  Spanish, 
to  pray  in  ;  German,  to  swear  at  his  horse  in  ; 
French,  to  talk  to  his  friends  in  (?) ;  Italian, 
to  make  love  in  (?)  j  English  (?).  The  Spanish 
and  German  I  feel  pretty  sure  about,  but  the 
rest  are  all  doubtful.  HELGA. 

[See  9th  S.  viii.  523 ;  ix.  152,  254,  particularly  MR. 
LAWRENCE  FORD'S  reply  at  the  second  reference.] 

ROBERT  SANDERSON,  Bishop  of  Lincoln 
1660-3,  is  reported  to  have  left  behind  him 
several  volumes  of  notes  and  memoranda 
relating  to  Lincolnshire.  Have  they  come 
down  to  our  time?  and  if  so,  where  are  they] 

COM.  LINC. 

OPROWER.— Can  any  of  your  readers  throw 
light  upon  the  origin  of  this  uncommon  and 
somewhat  curious  family  name?  A  family 
bearing  it  lived  in  Glasgow  between  1850 
and  1870,  and  I  have  never  heard  of  it  else- 
where. So  far  as  I  know  the  name  was 
never  spelt  with  an  apostrophe  after  the  O, 
so  it  is  unlikely  that  it  had  its  origin  in 
Ireland.  May  it  not  be  a  Polish  or  other 
continental  name,  perhaps  somewhat  cor- 
rupted? W.  SANDFORD. 

SAMUEL  SHELLEY. — Is  there  any  evidence 
available  that  Samuel  Shelley,  the  miniature 
painter  (latter  half  of  eighteenth  century), 
was  related  to  the  poet  ?  If  so,  who  was  their 
nearest  common  ancestor  ?  A.  B.  S. 


228 


NOTES   AND    QUERIES.        HO*  8.  I.  MARCH  19)  1904. 


LEAP  YEAR. — Will  some  reader  refer  me  to 
some  book  in  which  the  astronomical  reason 
for  this,  connected  with  the  revolution  of  the 
earth  round  the  sun,  is  clearly  explained  ? 
I  find  this  hardly  (or  at  least  not  intelligibly 
to  the  ordinary  reader)  explained  either  in 
Dr.  Brewer's  excellent '  Dictionary  of  Phrase 
and  Fable '  or  in  '  Words,  Facts,  and  Phrases,' 
by  Eliezer  Edwards.  E.  P.  W. 

[See  'Astronomical  Notes'  in  the  Leisure  Hour 
for  January,  from  the  pen  of  our  valued  contributor 
ME.  VV.  T.  LYNN.] 

FIELD-NAMES,  BRIGHTWALTON,  BERKS. — 
Will  MR.  PEACOCK  or  some  other  corre- 
spondent kindly  elucidate  the  following  field 
and  street  names  found  in  this  parish  1 

Sparrowbill.  (There  is  a  Sparrabills  in  or  near 
Wolverton,  Hants.) 

Pilowth. 

Deed's  Hill,  Duts  Hill,  or  Dutsil. 

Wedding  Close. 

Pudding  Lane. 

Halistreet  Lane,  1738.  (We  now  have  Holly 
Street  Lane  here.) 

In  neighbouring  parishes  are  to  be  found 
California  and  Egypt. 

GEORGE  C.  PEACHEY. 
Bright walton,  Wantage. 

[California  is  explained  ante,  p.  156.] 

"  FLOWERS  ARE  THE  ALPHABET  OF  ANGELS." 
— Who  wrote,  and  in  what  book, 

Flowers  are  the  alphabet  of  angels,  whereby 
They  write  on  hills  and  fields  mysterious  truths  ? 

JOHN  A.  RANDOLPH. 
DICKENS  QUERIES. — 

1.  " '  Beg  your  pardon,  sir,'  said  Mr.  Jingle, 
'bottle  stands— pass  it  round — way  of  the  sun — 
through  the  button-hole — no  heel-taps.'" — 'Pick- 
wick,' chap.  ii. 

Will  some  one  explain,  or  direct  me  to  an 
explanation  of,  the  phrase  "through  the 
button-hole  "  1 

" an  old  woman  whose  name  was  reported  to 

be  Taniaroo.  The  boarders  had  appropriated  the 
word  from  an  English  ballad,  in  wnicn  it  is  sup- 
posed to  express  the  bold  and  fiery  nature  of  a 
certain  hackney-coachman." — '  Martin  Chuzzlewit,' 
chap,  xxxii. 

Is  this  ballad  authentic,  or  pure  invention 
on  Dickens's  part  ?  If  authentic,  where  could 
I  see  it  ? 

'•Mr.  Dombey  had  little  taste  for  music,  and  no 

knowledge  of  the  strain  she  played but  perhaps 

he  heard  among  the  sounding  strings  some  distant 
music  of  his  own,  that  tamed  the  monster  of  the 
iron  road,  and  made  it  less  inexorable." — '  Dombey 
and  Son,'  chap.  xxi.  (near  the  end). 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  last  portion? 
"Monster  of  the  iron  road  "  suggests  a  loco- 
motive ;  but  what  is  it  doing  in  this  galley  ? 

H.  K.  ST.  J.  S. 


l  PERIODICALS  FOR  WOMEN.— I  should  be 
;  very  grateful  for  any  information  concerning 
periodical  publications  intended  especially 
for  feminine  readers,  which  were  brought 
j  out  prior  to  the  nineteenth  century.  The 
Lady's  Magazine,  I  believe,  first  appeared  in 
1770.  Had  it  an  earlier  prototype?  During, 
the  first  year  of  its  long  career  it  did  not 
contain  the  plates  illustrating  the  fashions  of 
the  day  which  are  found  in  later  volumes. 
The  fashionable  Magazine ;  or,  Lady's  and 
Gentleman's  Monthly  Recm^der  of  New 
Fashions,  claims  in  the  preface  to  its  first 
number  (June,  1786)  to  be  the  first  magazine 
to  publish  such  costume  plates — "to  catch 
the  evanescent  modes  of  dress,  and  portray 
them  with  fidelity  and  exactitude,"  are  its 
own  words.  Is  this  assertion  correct  1 

TORFRIDA. 

"MUSTLAR":  "  MUSKYLL."— What  is  the 
ineaning  of  these  words,  which  occur  in  the 
wills  of  former  parishioners  of  Whitstable 
(Eent)t- 

"To  the  light  Mustlar,  4d."— Richard  Aleyn 
(1473). 

"  To  a  light  in  the  church  of  Whitstaple  called 
the  Muskyll  tapers." — Alice  Gentill  (1497). 

The  'Century  Dictionary'  gives  "muskylle"" 
as  an  obsolete  form  of  mussel. 

ARTHUR  HUSSEY. 

Tankerton-on-Sea,  Kent. 


TIDESWELL  AND  TIDESLCW. 
(9th  S.  xii.  341,  517;  10th  S.  i.  52,  91,  190.) 
THERE  are  several  points  in  which  I  believe 
the  remarks  at  the  last  reference  to  be  wholly 
misleading.      I    seem    to    gather    that    the 
presence  of  -s-  is  regarded  as  being  the  sole 
evidence  of  the  use  of  a  name  in  the  genitive 
case  !    But  the  fact  is,  of  course,  that  a  very 
large  number  of  names  ended  in  -a,  and  were 
consequently  of  the  weak  declension,  with  a 
genitive  in  -an,  and  it  is  well  known  that  this 
suffix  -an  more  often  disappears  than  not. 
There  was  also  a  feminine  genitive  in  -e,  and 
a  genitive  plural  in  -a  ;  both  of  these  suffixes 
almost  invariably  disappear.    Thus,  to  take 
some    examples    from    my  '  Place-names   of 
Cambridgeshire,'  Haddenham  is     the   A.-S. 
Hsedanham,  i.e.,  Hseda's  home,  where  the  -en 
(representing   the   genitive)  happens  to  be 
kept  before  the  h;  but  Papworth,  formerly 
Pappen worth,    representing  Pappa's  worth,, 
has  lost  the  genitive  suffix  entirely.  Wilburh 
was  a  feminine  name,  with  a  genitive  in  -e ; 
hence  in  Wilburton,  i.e.,  "  Wilburh's  town," 
there   is    no   sign   of    the    genitive  at  alL 


10'"  S.  I.  MARCH  19,  1901.]         NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


229 


Dullingharn  is  for  Dyllinga  ham,  "  the  home 
of  the  Dyllings  "  ;  and  here  again  the  genitive 
suffix  -a  has  disappeared.  Not  only  so,  but 
even  the  -s  is  not  unfrequently  dropped  ;  the 
A.-S.  form  Lulles  worth,  i.e.,  "  Lull's  farm,"  is 
now  Lolworth.  Thurkell-low  can  hardly  be 
said  to  register  "a  family  or  tribal  name"  ; 
it  registers  merely  the  name  of  an  individual. 
Thurkell,  better  Thurkill,  is  so  common  a 
name  that  nearly  a  score  of  them  are  on 
record.  It  clearly  means  "Thurkill's  low," 
and  the  reason  why  the  s  has  disappeared  is 
simply  that  the  second  syllable  is  entirely 
unaccented.  Indeed,  there  can  be  no  doubt 
that  Thurkill  is  merely  short  for  Thurcytel. 

When  we  are  told  that  "  the  principle  of 
the  accidental  addition  or  elimination  of  a 
letter  is  applicable  to  all  periods,"  I  think  we 
may  fairly  demur  to  a  statement  so  astonish- 
ing. The  elimination  of  a  letter  is  easy 
enough  and  regular  enough,  but  the  addition 
of  one  (excepting,  of  course,  d  after  u  anc 
similar  well-known  insertions  due  to  phonetic 
causes)  is  quite  another  matter.  Is  it  possible 
to  produce  half  a  dozen  examples  of  modern 
place  -  names  containing  unoriginal  letters 
that  represent  real  additions?  I  doubt  il 
very  much,  and  I  think  that  a  search  for 
them  would  soon  demonstrate  the  enormous 
difficulty  of  the  task  of  finding  them. 

Another  point  is  that  we  must  not  trust 
the  spellings  of  Domesday  Book  over  much. 
After  all,  the  scribes  were  Normans,  and  they 
often  made  a  sad  hash  of  Anglo-Saxon.  The 
modern  sound  of  a  name  may  sometimes  be  a 
better  guide.  It  is  notorious  that  they  often 
wrote  orde  under  the  impression  that  they 
were  expressing  the  English  suffix  worth; 
and  they  wrote  torp  for  thorp,  and  ulf  for 
toulf;  and  they  dropped  or  wrongly  inserted 
the  initial  h.  I  do  not  know  what  is  meant 
by  saying  that  "A.-S.  surnames  are  com- 
monly composed  of  two  syllables."  It  is 
probably  meant  that  they  are  of  the  type 
Guth-mund,  and  that  such  names  take  a 
genitive  in  -es.  But  there  are  thousands  of 
names  in  -a,  such  as  Winta,  with  a  genitive 
in  -an,  and  such  names  usually  give  but  one 


form  of  the  name  in  every  case,  or  can  safely 


syllable  in  modern  English,  with  no  visible 
genitive  sign.  It  is  quite  absurd  to  found 
any  argument  upon  such  a  fact  as  this  ;  for 
"  Winta's  worth"  has  become  Wentworth. 

Then  the  inference  is  drawn  that  of  253 
"  lows  "  noted  in  a  certain  list  only  25  contain 
the  genitive  sign.  No  one  can  be  expected 
to  accept  this ;  the  chances  are  that  there 
was  a  genitive  sign  once  in  at  least  200  of 
them,  though  some  may  be  descriptive  of 
their  position.  But,  of  course,  no  one  can 
tell  the  true  results  until  we  have  the  A.-S. 


infer  it.  One  would  like  to  know  how  many 
cases  are  safe.  Are  there  no  examples  of 
genitives  in  -an  amongst  all  this  vast 
number? 

There  are  three  "lows"  in  Cambridgeshire. 
None  of  them  exhibits  an  s,  yet  two  of  them 
represent  personal  names.  Tadlow  is  "Tada's 
low";  Triplow  is  (probably)  "Trippa's  low," 
though  Domesday  Book  has  Trepeslau,  with 
an  s,  which  is  almost  certainly  wrong ;  and 
Bartlow,  formerly  Berklow,  simply  means 
"  barrow-barrow,"  the  low  explaining  the  berk. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

In  the  'Rotuli  Hundredorum,'  anno  1274, 
Tideswell  is  written  Tidiswelle,  Tudiswelle, 
and  Tyddeswelle.  These  forms  being  con- 
sistent with  the  Domesday  Tidesuuelle,  it 
is  useless  to  suggest  "  the  possibility  of  Tide- 
well  having  been  the  original  designation." 
The  first  element,  both  in  Tideswell  and 
Tideslow,  is  the  A.-S.  man's  name  Tidi,  and 
this  occurs,  in  the  fourteenth  century,  in  the 
compound  Tiddeman  or  Tydeman  (Bardsley's 
'English  Surnames,' 1875,  p.  23).  So  Addyman, 
in  'The  Returns  of  the  Poll  Tax  for  the  West 
Riding  of  Yorkshire'  in  1379,  contains  the 
A.-S.  man's  name  Addi  or  JEddi. 

We  are  told  :  "  That  the  suffix  -well  denotes 
a  spring  of  water,  and  does  not  represent,  in 
MR.  ADDY'S  opinion,  '  a  field  or  paddock,'  is 
clearly  shown  by   PROF.  SKEAT  to  be  erro- 
neous."   PROF.  SKEAT  did   not  discuss  this 
point   at   all,  but  contented   himself    with 
saying  that  the  O.N.  vollr  would  be  wall  in 
English.     Now  one  of  the  things   which   I 
tried  to  prove  was  that  it  is  so  represented. 
I  showed   that  Tideswell  was  Tiddswall  in 
1610,  and   I   referred    to   New   Wall   Nook, 
Swinden  Walls,  Semary  Walls,  &c.    And,  as 
regards  the  earlier  suffix  -welle,  I  said  that 
the  dat.  sing,  of  vollr  is  velli.     Place-names 
are  often  in  the  dative,  the  preposition  cet 
Deing  either  prefixed  or  understood.    In  the 
Darcels  of  a  modern  deed  relating  to  land  in 
Brinsworth,  near    Rotherham,  I  find  some 
fields  called  Blind  Wells.    Both  in  A.-S.  and 
J.N.  blind  has  the  meaning  of  "dark,"  so 
that  the  name  may  stand  for  O.N.  *blind- 


vellir,  i.e.,  dark,  or  sunless,  fields.  Our 
ancestors  were  clever  enough  to  appreciate 
the  difference  in  value  between  the  sunny 
and  the  dark  side  of  a  hill.  Again,  take  such 
a  local  name  as  Cromwell  or  Crumbwell. 
Here  the  first  element  is  the  A.-S.  crumb, 
crooked.  There  was  a  Crooked  -  Croft  in 
Sheffield  in  1817  (Brownell's  'Directory  of 
Sheffield  '  for  that  year,  p.  26),  and  Cromwell 
means  the  same  thing.  Perhaps  somebody 
will  tell  us  what  are  the  old  forms  of  Corn- 


230 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  i.  MARCH  w, 


wall,  for,  primd  facie,  the  word  seems  to  mean 
horn  field,  or  cape  field. 

I  might  have  referred  to  other  personal 
names  in  Mr.  Bateman's  list  of  Derbyshire 
lows.  For  instance,  Yarns  low  is  Earnes-hlaw, 
the  burial-mound  of  Earn.  These  are  not 
"family  names,"  as  DR.  BRUSHFIELD  supposes, 
but  personal  names.  In  the  'Crawford 
Charters,'  p.  70,  Prof.  Napier  and  Mr. 
Stevenson  say  that  hlaw  "is  almost  in  variably 
joined  with  a  personal  name,  no  doubt 
recording  the  person  buried  therein."  The 
Derbyshire  Baslow,  Domesday  Basse-lau, 
mentioned  by  DR.  BRUSHFIELD,  contains  the 
A.-S.  man's  name  Bassa,  gen.  Bassan, 
occurring  once  in  Mr.  Searle's  '  Onomasticon,' 
and  once  latinized  as  Bassus.  According  to 
Sievers-Cook,  'Grammar  of  Old  English,' 
276n.,  "final  -nis  discarded  in  Northumbrian," 
so  that  Basse  may  here  stand  for  Bassen, 
i.e.,  Bassan,  the  meaning  of  the  whole  word 
being  Bassa's  burial-mound.  Mr.  Searle 
(p.  531)  gives  Tunna  csestir  for  Tunnan 
csestir.  S.  O.  ADDY. 


THE  WRECK  OF  THE  WAGER  (10th  S.  i.  201). 
—In  my  note  on  this  subject  I  omitted  to 
say  that  Capt.  Cheap  died  in  1752,  aged 
fifty-five. 

One  would  like  to  know  more  about  that 
interesting  character  Dr.  Patrick  Gedd  (or 
Geddes?),  the  Scotch  physician  at  Santiago, 
who,  in  his  own  house  there,  entertained  for 
a  long  time,  and  with  great  hospitality,  Cheap, 
Hamilton,  Byron,  and  Campbell  («  Narrative,' 
pp.  215,  235).  He  is  said  to  have  been  much 
esteemed  by  the  Spaniards  for  his  professional 
abilities  and  humane  disposition.  "Don 
Patricio  Gedd,"  a  worthy  "  Scot  abroad,"  was 
perhaps  related  to  foe  Edinburgh  goldsmith 
of  stereotyping  fame.  W.  S. 

FOOTBALL  ON  SHROVE  TUESDAY  (10th  S  i 
127,  194).  — G.  W.  need  not  be  under  anv 
apprehension  that  the  "Worki'ton  fuitba 
play  "  has  ceased.  With  each  recurring  Eastei 
Tuesday  there  go  from  all  parts  of  Cumber- 
land excursion  trains  carrying  thousands  of 
spectators  to  the  Cloffocks,  where  the  game 
is  played,  but  on  Good  Friday  there  is  a  kinc 
of  trial  game,  in  which  the  youngsters  are 
the  contestants.  How  or  when  this  ancient 
custom  originated  no  one  can  say,  there 
being  no  local  records  to  throw  light  upon  it 
The  earliest  reference  I  have  been  able  to 
find  is  in  the  Cumberland  Pacquet  of  Tuesday 
25  April,  1797  :— 

''The  Workington  ann"al  football  match,  on 
Laster  Tuesday,  was  won  by  the  seamen.  After 
that  was  decided,  a  belt  was  produced,  to  be  wrestled 


:or,  when  no  less  than  forty  competitors  appeared. 
After  a  hard  struggle  the  prize  was  won  by  Isaac 
Brisco,  a  man  about  fifty  years  of  age." 

Noting   from  the  communication  by  MR. 
EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN  that  no  reference 
bo    Workington    football    is    contained    in 
'  N.  &  Q.,'  I  may  perhaps  be  permitted  to 
supplement    the    necessarily    brief   account 
given  in  my  '  Bygone  Cumberland  and  West- 
morland," and  partly  quoted   by  MR.  MAC- 
MICHAEL.    The  goals  are  about  a  mile  apart, 
one  being  the  inner  side  of  Workington  Hall 
Park  wall,  and  the  other  a  capstan  at  the 
bottom    of    the    harbour.      Between    these 
points  are  the  quays,  the  parish  church,  two 
lines  of  railway  (each   cutting   right  across 
the  field  of  play),  and  numerous  foundries 
and  other  places  of  business.    On  the  south 
lies  the  town,  gradually  rising  to  the  park, 
and  on   the  north  the  swift -flowing   river 
Derwent.      The    teams    are    designated    re- 
spectively  "  Uppies  "  and   "  Downies,"    and 
are  supposed  to  consist,  the  first  of  colliers, 
ironworkers,     and     countrymen,     and    the 
"  Downies "  of  sailors,   dock  labourers,  and 
workmen  from  the  quaysides.    As  a  matter 
of  fact,  any  one  can  join  in  the  play — the  more 
the  merrier — and  it  is  no  unusual  thing  to  see 
a  couple  of  hundred  men  and  youths  engaged 
in  the  fray,  but  on  which  side  they   were 
fighting  comparatively  few  could  say.    There 
is  only  one  rule— to  get  it  by  any  possible 
means,  fair  or  unfair,  either  over  the  park 
wall  or  on  to  the  capstan  on  the  quay.     The 
players  may  go  on  to  the  streets  (all  business 
is  suspended  for  the  afternoon)  in  order  to 
circumvent  their  opponents.    On  the  other 
hand,  the  chances  are  that  if  a  man  is  found 
with  the  ball  in  his  possession  when  near  the 
river  he  will  be  tossed  into  the  stream  and 
held   there  until  he    relinquishes    his  hold. 
Such  a  game  is,  of  course,   dangerous,  and 
within  the  last  forty  years  more  than  one 
life  has  been  lost  in  this  way.    The  ball,  it 
should  be  remarked,  is  not  of  the  kind  ordin- 
arily used  in  football,  but  is  harder  and  much 
smaller ;  it  is  made  specially  for  each  match. 
For  very  many  years  an  old   man   named 
Dalgleisn  threw  off  the  ball  from  a  footbridge 
crossing  a  dirty  sewer-like  beck  which  runs 
through  the  Cloffocks,  and  on  his  death  he 
was  succeeded  by  his  son.    The  struggle  is 
always  fierce,  as  may  be  supposed  under  the 
circumstances,  and  the  players,  after  a  few 
tumbles  in   the  beck,   are  almost    unrecog- 
nizable, while  their  shirts  are  torn  to  ribbons. 
There  is  nothing  edifying  in  the  exhibition, 
though  plenty  of  rough  humour  may  be  found. 
Sometimes  the  game  lasts  from  3  or  4  o'clock 
in  the  afternoon  till  late  at  night.     Should 


10*  8.  I.  MABCH  19, 1904.]         NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


231 


the  ball  be  "hailed"  over  the  park  wall, 
the  winners  go  to  the  Hall  and  receive  a 
sovereign.  The  event  is  the  occasion  of 
much  drunkenness,  hence  the  growing  dis- 
favour with  which  the  annual  gathering  is 
regarded  by  orderly  people  ;  but,  judging  by 
the  experience  of  the  past,  the  "  fuitba' "  will 
be  continued  so  long  as  there  is  any  of  the 
Cloffocks  left  on  which  to  play. 

DANIEL  SCOTT. 

6,  Victoria  Road,  Penrith. 

RUE  AND  TUSCAN  PAWNBROKERS  (10th  S.  i. 
148). — Rue,  as  well  as  scarlet  thread,  is 
still  in  Italy  a  protective  from  the  evil  eye, 
but  an  additional  reason  why  the  Tuscan 
pawnbrokers  use  it  is  that,  like  the  use  of 
lavender  by  the  old  English  pawnbrokers  to 
protect  their  pledges  from  the  moth,  it  was 
employed,  on  account  of  its  strong  and  dis- 
agreeable odour,  as  a  prophylactic  against 
such  infectious  diseases  as  were  likely  to  be 
associated  with  pledges  received  at  the  Italian 
monti  di  pieta.  Tusser,  in  his  '  Five  Hundred 
Points  of  Husband  rie,'  says  : — 

What  savour  is  better,  if  physicke  be  true, 
For  places  infected,  than  Wormwood  and  Rue  ? 

And  Robert  Turner,  in  his  'British  Physician,' 
1687,  p.  280,  says  :  "It  is  an  excellent  anti- 
dote against  poisons,  and  infections.  The 
very  smell  thereof  is  a  preservation  against 
the  Plague,  in  the  time  of  infection"  (see 
also  his  '  Enchiridion  Medicum,'  1657,  p.  63). 
There  is  an  admirable  "turnover"  on  rue, 
entitled  '  Herby -grass,'  in  the  Globe  of  some 
date  in  the  latter  half  of  last  year,  where  it 
is  observed  that  in  the  old  days  before  prison 
reform  had  been  heard  of,  when  strong- 
smelling  herbs  were  always  placed  profusely 
before  prisoners  brought  into  the  dock  at 
the  Old  Bailey  and  elsewhere,  bunches  of  rue 
usually  figured  prominently  among  these 
herbal  defences. 

Rue  entered  into  the  composition  of  the 
once  noted  "  vinegar  of  the  four  thieves."  It 
is  said  that  four  thieves,  during  the  plague  of 
Marseilles,  invented  this  anti  -  pestilential 
vinegar,  by  means  of  which  they  entered 
infected  houses  without  danger,  and  stole  all 
property  worth  removing.  In  Venice  rue  is 
kept  as  a  charm  in  a  house  to  maintain  its 
good  fortune  (see  Folkard's  'Plant -lore,' 
1884,  p.  531). 

As  to  the  amuletic  virtues  of  scarlet  thread, 
the  author  of  'In  a  Tuscan  Garden'  was 
evidently  unaware,  when  he  wrote  derisively 
of  the  possibility  of  the  Eskdale  shepherd 
tying  up  the  tails  of  his  yearlings  with  a  red 
ribbon,  that  the  Scotch  farmer  does  still,  in 
some  parts,  fasten  a  small  twig  cross  of 


rowan-wood,  wound  about  with  red  thread, 
to  the  tails  of  his  cattle,  as  a  defence  from 
the  evil  eye.  This  is  in  accordance  with  the 
old  adage  : — 

Rowan-tree  and  red  threed 
Put  the  witches  to  their  speed. 

Having  given  the  subject  some  little 
attention,  I  am  convinced  that  the  universal 
belief  in  the  sanguine  colour's  protective 
qualities  is  a  survival  of  solar  worship, 
and  that  it  is  consanguinity — the  consan- 
guinity of  colour  —  to  the  sun  that  has 
obtained  for  red  objects  the  world  over  such 
superstitious  regard.  When,  in  the  Isle  of 
Man,  coughs  were  believed  to  be  cured  by 
the  use  of  red  flannel,  the  virtue  lay  in  the 
colour,  not  in  the  flannel  ('  Notes  on  Manx 
Folk-lore,'  Antiquary,  November,  1875,  p.  346). 
The  red  gelatine  exuded  from  a  prickly 
shrub  (Spina  egyptia)  was  worn  as  an  amulet 
to  prevent  blindness  or  other  malignant 
influence  of  female  demons  (And.  Crichton's 
'Arabia,' 1852,  p.  152;  see  also  p.  72  ibid.). 
In  the  sculptured  reliefs  of  the  great  rock- 
hewn  temple  of  Ipsam-bul  is  a  battle  scene 
similar  to  those  on  the  temple  of  Thebes,  in 
which  the  hero  and  his  attendants  are 
painted  red,  while  the  vanquished  are  yellow 
(Gau's  'Antiquite's  de  la  Nubie,'  I  think, 
plate  61).  The  ancient  British  antiquities  in 
the  British  Museum  have  been  since  re- 
arranged, I  believe ;  but  I  remember  seeing 
among  them  a  beautifully  ornamented  shield 
(possibly  Romano-British)  in  the  centre  of 
which  was  some  design  in  red  enamel.  A 
red  pencil  is  used  for  dots  over  the  mystic 
words  on  ancestral  tablets  of  wood  set 
up  in  the  houses  of  the  Chinese  (see  the 
Fortnightly  Review,  February,  1895, '  Ancestor 
Worship  in  China,'  by  R.  S.  Gundry).  Other 
instances,  too  numerous  for  'N.  &  Q.,'  might 
be  given  from  every  corner  of  the  world. 
See  also  Comhill  Magazine,  January,  1876, 
p.  50,  'Comparative  Mythology,'  by  J.  A. 
Farrer.  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

Is  it  not  probable  that  the  alleged  popu- 
larity of  rue  with  Tuscan  pawnbrokers  is  a 
survival  of  the  superstition  which  imputed 
to  that  herb  the  power  of  warding  oft 
pestilence  or  neutralizing  poison,  for  both  of 
which  Italy  once  had  an  unenviable  notoriety, 
and  to  the  former  of  which  such  repositories 
would  be  at  all  times  particularly  exposed  1 
And  on  the  other  hand,  among  the  people  its 
common  use  against  epidemic  disease  might 
reasonably  gain  for  it  a  sinister  reputation, 
from  its  presence  being  indicative  of  danger. 

As  for  the  connexion  between  St.  Peter's 
Day  and  green  figs,  if  the  coincident  ripeness 


232 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,     do*  s.  i.  MARCH  w,  190*. 


of  the  latter  is  the  explanation,  then  what 
about  "Lent"  figs— still  so  called  in  this  part 
of  the  country— and  Mid-Lent  Sunday  ? 

GEORGE  C.  PEACHEY. 
Brightwalton. 

CHARLES  THE  BOLD  (10th  S.  i.  189).— If  for 
"  Henry,  Count  of  Lancaster,"  we  read  Henry, 
Earl  of  Lancaster,  his  connexion  with  Charles 
the  Bold  is  easily  shown.  Charles's  maternal 
grand  mother  was  Philippa  Plantagenet,  Queen 
of  Portugal,  daughter  of  John  of  Gaunt, 
Duke  of  Lancaster,  by  Blanche  Plantagenet, 
his  first  wife,  who  was  granddaughter  of 
Henry,  Earl  of  Lancaster,  grandson  of  King 
Henry  III.  Can  MR.  NUTTALL  give  us  the 
blazon  of  this  "  the  only  English  shield  "  on 
Charles's  tomb  ?  If  so,  that  would  decide  the 
question.  Henry,  Earl  of  Lancaster,  bore 
Gules,  three  lions  passant  guardant  or,  a 
bendlet  azure.  H.  MURRAY  LANE. 

The  exact  connexion  of  the  Duke  of 
Burgundy  with  the  House  of  Lancaster  is  as 
follows  :  his  mother,  Isabel  of  Portugal,  was 
daughter  of  John  I.  of  that  kingdom  and 
Philippa  of  Lancaster,  full  sister  to  King 
Henry  IV.  of  England.  A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

Charles  the  Bold  was  descended  from  the 
House  of  Lancaster  thus  : — 
Henry,  Duke  of  Lancaster,  surnamed  the  Good, 
great-grandson  of  Henry  III. 

Blanche,  m.  John  of  Gaunt. 

Philippa,  m.  Joao  I.  of  Portugal. 

Isabel,  m.  Philip  of  Burgundy. 

Charles  the  Bold. 

HELGA. 
[Reply  also  from  MB.  C.  E.  LEEDS.] 

"  PANNAGE  AND  TOLLAGE  "  (10th  S.  i.  126).— 
The  rights  of  pannage  are  perhaps  describee 
with  more  regard  to  detail  in  a  statute  ol 
William  III.,  cap.  36  (Shipping)  :— 

"  All  persons  haying  any  Right  of  Common  o 
Pasture,  or  any  Privileges  within  the  New  Forest 
shall  enjoy  their  Right  of  Pannage  between 
14  Sept.  and  11  Nov.  after  Michaelmas,  1716 
and  not  before,  on  forfeiture  of  any  Hogg 
Pigg,  or  Swine,  that  after  Michaelmas  next,  anc 
before  the  time  aforesaid,  shall  be  found  in  th( 
Wastes  of  the  said  Forest :  And  their  Common  o 
Pasture  is  continued  to  them  in  the  said  Was 
Ground  of  the  Forest,  when  not  Inclosed,  except  in 
the  Fence  month,  viz.,  15  days  before  and  afte 
Midsummer,  and  in  the  Winter  Heyning,  viz.,  from 
11  Nov.  to  23  Apr.  subject  to  the  Forest  Laws,  a 
they  might  have  enjoyed  the  same  before  the  making 
of  this  Act :  Saving  also  to  the  adjacent  Inhabitant 
their  ancient  right  of  Fuel,  provided  they  do  not  sel 
or  dispose  of  any  part  thereof,  nor  take  the  same 
in  other  manner  tnan  they  ought,  nor  by  reason  of 


any  Claim  not  allowed  according  to  the  Forest  Laws- 
jefore  27  Eliz." 

The  reason  that  this  comes  under  the  head- 
ng  of  "Ships  and  Shipping"  is  that  it  had 
ately  been  enacted  "  that  2000  Acres,  part  ot 
the  Wast  Lands  of  the  New  Forest. .....shall  be 

enclosed  and  kept  in  severalty,  for  the  Growth 
and  Preservation  of  Timber  for  supply  of  his 
Majesty's  Navy." 

"Tollage"  may,  I  think,  be  more  generally 
described  as  the  right  conferred,  by  paying 
tribute  or  custom,  to  buy  and  sell  within  the 
precincts  of  a  manor,  such  tolls  going  towards 
the  repair  of  any  damage  the  part  used  may 
have  sustained.  (See  '  A  Continuation  of  th 
Abridgment  of  all  the  Statutes  of  K.  William 
and  Q  Mary  and  of  William  the  Third  '  begun 
by  J.  Washington,  of  the  Middle  Temple,  Esq., 

1699.)  J-   HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

"CocKSHUT  TIME"  (10th  S.  i.  121,  195).— 
Cockshute  as  a  place-name,  whatever  its 
original  derivation,  is  of  ancient  use.  In  the 
grant  to  Roger  Williams  of  the  confiscated 
lands  of  the  Priory  of  St.  Mary,  Usk, 
35  Henry  VIII.,  the  following  parcel  is 
specified  :  "  Certarum  terrarum  vocat  C 
shute."  It  retains  the  name  to  this  day, 
and  so  appears  on  the  Ordnance  map. 

rv.  .K.ICKAR.US. 

The  Priory,  Usk. 
'RECOMMENDED  TO   MERCY -  (10*8.  i, ,109). 

-I  find  on  reference  to  Mrs.  M.  C.  Houstoun  » 
novel  having  this  title  that  it  w  not  the  stor 
I  am  in  search  of.    No  doubt  it  is  another 
novel  bearing  the  same  title      The  heroine 
(instead  of  Helen,  as  in  the  above)  is  name 
either  Rosalind  or  Rosaline.    Can  any  one 
kindly  help  me  in  my  quest  1 

EDWARD  LATHAM. 

EPITAPH  ON  SIR  JOHN  SEYMOUR  (10th  S.  i. 
87  137)  —Ought  we  not  to  read  pertpatettce, 
the  vocative  singular  ?  E.  S.  HODGSON. 

"SON  CONFORT  ET  LIESSE"  (9th  S.  xii.  249).- 

This,  which  is  the  present  form  of  the  motto 
used' by  the  borough  of  Doncaster  is  due  to 
a  misreading.  It  appears  on  the  charter 
granted  to  the  town  by  Edward  IV.  in  1' 
L  «  Don-Confort  et  Liesse"  see •  'Records 
of  the  Borough  of  Doncaster,'  1899  vol.  ^ 
n  iv  n  ).  The  arms  are  a  lion  seated  on  a 
cushion  powdered  ermine,  holding  a  banner 
whereon  is  drawn  a  castle. 

-SILLY BILLY"  (10»  S.  i.  183).  -  This 
expression  was  applied  to  the  Duke  of 
Gloucester  throughout  the  greater  part  of 
his  life  but  was  given  to  William  IV.  in  the 
closing  years  ofg  his  career  by  those  who 


10"- S.  I.  MARCH  19,  1904.]        NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


233 


condemned  his  personal  demeanour  and  his 
political  action.  One  anecdote  of  the  Duke 
of  Gloucester  occurs  to  me.  He  was  being 
shown  over  a  lunatic  asylum,  and  was 
inspecting  the  inmates  through  the  windows 
of  their  cells.  One  of  them,  when  he  saw  the 
face  of  the  inspecting  visitor,  cried  out, 
"Hallo!  there's  Silly  Billy."  "  Ah,"  said  the 
Duke,  withdrawing  from  the  window,  "I  see 
that  he  has  his  lucid  moments." 

W.  P.  COURTNEY. 

That  nephew  of  King  George  III.  who 
was  known  in  his  youth  as  Prince  William 
of  Gloucester,  and  subsequently  became  the 
second  Duke  of  Gloucester,  was  nicknamed 
"  Silly  Billy,"  as  I  have  heard  from  the  lips 
of  a  still  surviving  godson  of  H.R.H.  H. 

William  IV.  was  a  popular  king  during 
his  short  reign.  John  Mitford  (a  man  of 
birth  and  abilities,  who  had  served  under 
Hood  and  Nelson,  and  was  the  author  of 
'Johnny  Newcome  in  the  Navy')  wrote  a 
once  very  popular  song,  '  The  King  is  a  True 
British  Sailor.'  See  Hpwitt's  'Visits  to 
Remarkable  Places,'  vol.  ii.  p.  394. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

SALEP  OR  SALOP  (9th  S.  xii.  448 ;  10th  S.  i. 
97,  138). — I.  B.  B.  is  right  when  he  says  that 
salep  is  not  always  obtained  from  the  ore hid - 
tuber.  Indeed,  if  my  last  note  on  the  subject 
gave  this  impression  it  should  not  go  un- 
corrected,  for  the  preparation  of  salep  from 
the  common  meadow  and  male  orchis,  and 
some  other  species  of  British  orchids,  made 
it  only  an  imitation  of  the  genuine  Oriental 
article,  which  consists  almost  entirely  of  a 
peculiar  gummy  substance  called  bassorin 
and  starch,  and  was  considered  to  be  more 
nutritious  than  either  sago  or  arrowroot. 
The  method  of  concocting  the  English  saloop 
is  described  by  Mr.  Moult  in  the  Philosophical 
Transactions : — 

"  The  best  time  to  gather  the  tubers  is  when  the 
seed  is  formed,  and  the  stalk  is  going  to  fall,  for 
then  the  new  bulb  of  which  Salep  is  made,  is 
arrived  at  its  full  size.  The  new  roots  are  washed 
in  water,  the  outer  skin  removed,  and  then  set  on 
a  tin  plate,  in  an  oven  heated  sufficiently  to  bake 
bread.  In  six,  eight,  or  ten  minutes  they  will  have 
become  semi-transparent,  like  horn,  without  any 
diminution  of  size.  Then  remove  them  from  the 
oven  and  place  them  in  a  room  to  dry  and  harden, 
which  they  will  do  in  a  few  days  ;  or  this  process 
may  be  effected  by  the  application  of  a  slow  heat 
in  a  few  hours.  The  roots  should  then  be  powdered 
or  ground  in  a  mill,  and  put  into  canisters,  and  so 
kept  dry." 

J.  HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

FEBRUARY  30  (10th  S.  i.  166).— Cards  at  a 
cost  of  one  penny  each  are  to  be  bought  at 


Otley  and  some  of  the  adjacent  villages  con- 
taining the  following : — 

A  CURIOUS  GRAVE-STONE. 

The  following  appears  on  a  grave-stone  in   the 

church-yard  of  the  picturesque  village  of  Fewston, 

in  the  Washburn  Valley,  near  Otley,  Yorkshire  : — 

To  the  memory  of  Joseph  Ridsdale  of  Bluberhouser 

who  died  Febuary  the  29th,  1823,  aged  79  years. 

Also  Elizabeth  his  wife,  March  the  18th,  1813, 

aged  59  years. 
And  William  their  son,  died  Febuary  the  30th, 

1802,  aged  23  years. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  letter  "  r  "  is  omitted  from 
"February"  in  each  case;  that  it  is  impossible  to- 
have  "  February  the  29th,  1823,"  or  "  February  the 
30th,  1802,"  as  the  former  is  not  a  leap-year,  and  the 
latter  is  quite  out  of  the  question  ;  and  that  the 
order  of  the  dates  when  death  occurred  is  reversed. 

Of  course,  every  one  knows  that  Julius 
Csesar  reformed  the  calendar  by  establishing, 
the  system  of  three  years  of  365  days,  followed 
by  the  leap  year  of  366  days,  and  that  this- 
division  gave  February  30  days,  the  general 
idea  of  Csesar  being  that  the  months  should 
alternate  31  and  30  days  respectively. 

The  month  of  Quintilis,  afterwards  altered 
to  Julius  in  honour  of  Csesar,  contained  31 
days,  and  his  successor  the  Emperor  Augustus 
changed  the  name  of  the  month  Sextilis  to- 
August,  and  took  one  day  from  February  to 
make  it  of  equal  length  to  the  month  named 
after  his  predecessor,  thus  breaking  up  the 
regularity  of  Caesar's  arrangement  altogether. 

CHARLES  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D , 
Editor  Yorkshire  Notes  and  Queries. 

Bradford. 

In  Adderbury  Church,  Oxfordshire,  there 
is,  just  within  the  chancel,  a  small  brass  on 
the  floor  inscribed  : — 

"  Here  lyeth  Jane  Smyth  sometime  the  wyfe  of  | 
George  Smyth  of  Adderbury  the  whiche  dyed  |  the- 
xxx  day  of  ffebruary  in  the  yere  of  our    Lord  1 
MV^VIII  on  whose  soule  Ihu  have  mercy  ame." 

J.   ASTLEY. 

Coventry. 

EARL  OF  EGREMONT  (10th  S.  i.  148,  192). 
— I  remember  seeing  the  issues  of  the  Daily 
Western  Times,  but  cannot  give  their  date. 

In  Petworth  House  there  is  a  picture 
bearing  on  the  frame  the  endorsement 
"Elizabeth,  Countess  of  Egremont."  I  believe 
it  is  by  Romney.  She  is  represented  in  a 
reclining  attitude  on  a  sofa-cushion  placed 
on  the  ground,  and  about  her  stand  her  two- 
sons  and  two  daughters  (all  born  before  the 
following  recorded  ceremony);  the  eldest  son 
holds  a  bow  and  arrow.  These  sons  were  the 
progenitors  of  the  present  important  families 
of  Leconfield  and  the  Wyndhams  of  Sussex. 
In  a  register  belonging  to  Petworth  Church 
is  the  following  entry  : — 


234 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [10*  s.  i.  MAKCH  19, 190*. 


"  The  year  1801,  page 37,  No.  146.-George  O'Brien, 
Earl  of  Egremont,  of  this  parish,  bachelor,  and 
Elizabeth  Iliye,  of  the  same  parish,  spinster,  were 
married  in  this  Church  by  Licence,  this  16th  day  of 
July,  in  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
one,  by  me  Thomas  Vernon,  Curate. 

"  This  marriage  was  solemnized  between  us, 
O'Brien  Egremont,  Elizabeth  Hive,  in  the  presence 
of  William  Tayler,  John  Upton." 

It  is  puzzling  to  note  that,  from  the  time  of 
the  ceremony  in  1801  up  to  the  death  of  this 
unfortunate  lady  in  1822,  a  period  of  twenty- 
one  years,  the  Earl  appears  not  to  have 
admitted  the  validity  of  this  marriage,  as 
•the  various  peerages  of  his  time  (which  must 
'have  been  duly  submitted  to  him  for  his 
revision),  as  well  as  sundry  works  of  family 
'history,  state  that  he  died  unmarried — also 
the  lady  was  known  in  Petworth  simply  as 
"  Mrs.  Wyndham."  Nevertheless,  she  was 
'buried  at  St.  Decuman's,  a  lonely  church  on 
the  cliffs  of  Somersetshire,  in  the  old  burial- 
place  of  the  Dukes  of  Somerset,  and  her 
burial  (conducted  by  a  cousin  of  the  late 
Dean  Alford)  is  there  entered  as  that  of 
44  Countess  of  Egremont,"  without  any  dis- 
tinguishing Christian  name.  This  is  a  some- 
what strange  coincidence,  as  it  suggests  a 
possible  explanation  of  the  doubt  —  were 
there  two  countesses  existing  at  the  same 
time,  and  was  there  a  reason  for  leaving  the 
identity  of  the  one  ambiguous  1  There  is  a 
tradition  that  this  lady  at  the  time  of  her 
death  (at  Hurlingham)  had  long  been  living 
there  apart  from  the  Earl,  and  that  her 
burial  was  arranged  solely  by  her  brother,  a 
Devonshire  farmer,  and  that  none  of  the 
Earl's  family  appeared  at  it.  This  might 
account  for  her  title  only  being  given  in  this 
indefinite  and  informal  manner,  which  could 
hardly  have  occurred  had  the  Earl  revised 
the  entry.  FORMER  PETWORTH  RESIDENT. 

H.  refers  to  the  entailed  estates  of  this 
nobleman.  The  entail  was  made  by  the  will 
of  his  father,  Charles,  the  second  earl,  dated 
31  July,  1761,  and  proved  in  1763.  (See  Folio 
1  Caesar,'  No.  379,  Probate  Division,  Somerset 
House.)  This  will  entailed  Petworth,  Cocker- 
mouth  Castle,  and  the  London  property  in 
Piccadilly,  on  the  male  line  legitimately  born  ; 
failing  which  the  entail  passed  to  the  male 
descendants  of  Earl  Charles's  two  daughters, 
the  Countesses  of  Carnarvon  and  Romney. 
When  was  the  entail  broken  ?  Certainly  not 
by  the  fourth  earl.  ARCHAEOLOGIST. 

SIR  CHRISTOPHER  PARKINS  OR  PERKINS, 
D.C.L.  (9th  S.  xi.  124). —  He  was  perhaps 
identical  with  the  "Christopher  Parkines " 
who  was  baptized  on  5  February,  1543/4,  at 
St.  Mary,  Reading  (Register,  by  Rev.  G.  P. 


Crawfurd).  I  have  now  found  the  cause, 
sought  at  the  above  reference,  of  the  two 
compositions  for  the  first-fruits  of  Easton 
Rectory,  Hants,  in  December,  1559.  The  See 
of  Winchester  being  vacant  by  the  depriva- 
tion of  Dr.  John  White,  the  Crown,  by  letters 
patent  of  28  November,  1559  (Rot.  Pat.  2  Eliz., 
pt.  i.),  presented  John  Deveres  to  the  rectory, 
which  was  in  the  gift  of  the  Bishops  of  Win- 
chester, and  which  had  lately  been  vacant  by 
the  death  of  Dr.  Edmund  Stuard.*  But 
Deveres  failed  to  obtain  institution,  because 
one  Christopher  Parkins,  clerk,  had  been 
already  instituted,  23  November,  1559,  ap- 
parently as  nominee  of  Dr.  Matthew  Parker. 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  who  seems  to 
have  made  good  his  claim,  as  against  the 
Crown,  to  appoint  to  the  living.  Deveres 
and  his  sureties  were  consequently  released 
from  liability  under  their  composition  bond 
(First-fruits,  Plea  Roll,  3  Eliz.),  and  he 
appears  to  have  been  consoled  in  1560  with 
the  rectory  of  St.  Michael,  Queenhithe 
(Foster's  'Alumni  Oxon.,  1500-1714,'  p.  399, 
No.  7).  It  seems  very  unlikely  that  his  suc- 
cessful rival  was  the  future  Sir  Christopher. 
Possibly  the  rival  could  be  identified  with 
Christopher  Perkins,  of  Ufton,  Berks,  who 
became  scholar  at  Winchester  in  1519. 

H.  C. 

ARMS  OF  LINCOLN,  CITY  AND  SEE  (10th  S. 
i.  168).— The  arms  of  the  City  of  Lincoln  are 
recorded  in  the  College  of  Arms  as  Argent, 
on  a  cross  gules  a  fleur-de-lis  or  (Davies  and 
Crooke's  '  Book  of  Public  Arms  ').  The  Cor- 
poration seal  is  a  triple-towered  castle.  The 
arms  of  the  See  of  Lincoln  are  Gules,  two 
lions  passant  gardant  or  :  on  a  chief  azure 
Our  Lady  sitting  with  her  Babe,  crowned  and 
sceptred  or.  These  arms  are  a  composition 
from  the  supposed  arms  of  the  first  Norman 
bishop,  Remigius  de  Fescamp  (1067-92).  and 
the  dedication  of  the  cathedral.  On  a  portrait 
of  Bishop  Williams,  1621,  at  Bishopthorpe, 
York,  the  sitting  figure  is  in  profile,  and  no 
Babe  is  discernible  ('  The  Blazon  of  Epis- 
copacy,' by  the  Rev.  W.  K.  Riland  Bedford, 

1897,  p.  70).  J.  HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

"  THE  ETERNAL  FEMININE  "  (10th  S.  i.  108).— 

In  my  French  dictionary,  as  an  illustration 
of  the  phrase  "1'eternel  feminin,"  the  follow- 
ing is  quoted  from  H.  Blaze  de  Bury  : — 

"  C'est  un  visage  exquis,  tres  regulier,  du  plus  pur 
ovale,  avec  des  yeux  d'un  brun  fonc6  et  respirant 
toutes  les  suavites  de  1'eternel  feminin." 

Although  I  have  failed  to  trace  the  exact 

*  Dean  of  Winchester,  March,  1553/4;  deprived 
l.")59  (Cooper's  '  Athense  Cantab.,'  i.  205). 


1.  MARCH  19,  1904.]         NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


235 


reference,  having  no  better  clue  than  the 
mere  name  of  the  author,  yet  I  have  met 
with  some  success,  enabling  me,  at  all  events, 
to  advance  the  inquiry  a  stage  without 
definitely  settling  it.  H.  Blaze  de  Bury 
translated  Goethe's  'Faust'  into  French,  and 
his  version  of  the  last  two  lines  of  the  second 
part  runs  thus  : — 

Le  Feminin  Eternel 

Nous  attire  au  ciel. 

The  volume  I  referred  to  is  dated  1847,  so 
that,  unless  an  earlier  instance  can  be  found 
<)f  the  use  of  the  English  form  of  the  phrase, 
it  is  possible  —  nay,  likely  —  that  English 
writers  took  it  from  the  French.  Be  that, 
however,  as  it  may,  it  has  yet  to  be  shown 
that  the  French  form  is  not  earlier  than  the 
English.  EDWARD  LATHAM. 

"DRUG  m  THE  MARKET"  (10th  S.  i.  149).— 
Dr.  Brewer,  in  his  '  Diet,  of  Phrase  and 


name  of  a  Brazilian  poet.  4.  Folger  is  the 
Norwegian  form  of  a  heroic  name  which  in 
the  German  'Nibelungen  Lied'  appears  as 
Folker.  5.  Ilonka  is  not  Italian,  but  is  the 
Hungarian  for  Helena.  6.  Jaime,  described 
as  Porto  Rican,  is  Aragonese  for  James  ;  the 
Catalans  write  Jauine.  7.  Vilhjalmr  is  Ice- 
landic for  William.  8.  Norwegian  Yetta  is 
short  for  Henrietta.  9.  Zenas  is  good  Greek. 
Novelties  in  Christian  names  are  coming 
more  and  more  to  the  front,  particularly  for 
women.  Draga  is  the  Servian  equivalent  for 
Caroline.  Etrenne  is  now  given  to  girls  born 
on  New  Year's  Day.  Feo,  shortened  from 
Feodorowna,  should  be  restricted,  but  is  not, 
to  cases  where  the  father's  name  is  Theodore. 
Natica  is  American,  from  the  Natick  tribe 
of  Indians.  One  hears  of  ladies  christened 
Ismailia  and  Rhodesia,  and  one  wonders  why 
somebody  does  not  revive  the  quaint  old 
name  Africa.  To  me,  Hibernis  Hibemim; 


Fable,'  says  that  this  means  anything  so  Irish  names  seem  the  most  effective  of  all ; 
common  as  to  be  unsaleable  ;  that  drug  is  e.g.,  Barba  (Barbara),  Clodagh,  Dervorgilla 
the  trench  drogue  =  rubbish,  as  "Ce  n'est  (anglicized  as  Dorothy),  Lassarina  (i.e.,  lasair- 
quedela  drogue";  hence  droguet  (drugget),  \fhiona,  blush  of  wine),  Oonagh  (Una,  some- 


inferior  carpet -cloth    made  of   rubbish  or  times    anglicized    as  Juno),  Sabia,  Sheelah 

inferior  wool,  «fec.    Thus  also  Prof.  Skeat  in  (jn  Gaelic  Sile,  anglicized  Celia),  &c.    Among 

his     Concise  Dictionary '  with  regard  to  the  " 
words  drug  and   drugget;   but  he  does  not 


allude  to  the  phrase. 

J.  HOLDEN  MAC-MICHAEL. 


Highland  female  names  is  the  odd-looking 
Uere,  pronounced  like  our  word  ewer,  and  in 
Gaelic  written  Eamhair. 

JAMES  PLATT,  Jun. 

The  late  Sir  Walter  Besant  noted  the 
following  odd  and  old  Christian  names  in 
the  Queen.  I  think  it  was  '  The  Voice  of  the 


"HE  WHO  KNOWS  NOT,"  &C.  (10th  S.  i.  167).— 

The  origin  of  these  lines  is  to  be  found  in 
Hesiod,  '  Works  and  Days,'  293-7.  The  pas- 
sage was  very  celebrated  in  antiquity,  and  is  I  Flying  Day  '  that  gave  utterance  to  them  : 
quoted  by  Aristotle,  'Nic.  Eth.,'  i.  4.  Both  Athelena,  Alditha,  Avelina,  Alfreda,  Anable, 
Livy  (xxii.  29)  and  Cicero  ('Pro  Cluent.,'  31)  Annice,  Amicia,  Avice,  Clarice,  Clemence, 
refer  to  it.  H.  A.  STRONG.  Elicia,  Idonia,  Earilda,  Basilia,  Etheldreda, 

The  University,  Liverpool.  |  Erneburga,  Denys,  Olive,  Nichola,  Eustachia, 

Roesia,  Petronilla  or  Pernella,  Sabine,  and 
Thepphania  (otherwise  Tiffany).  Others 
quaint,  but  not  very  pretty,  were :  Alianora, 
Allesia,  Annullia,  Albrica,  Bonejoya,  Cas- 
sandra, Emota,  Evota,  Bona,  Imanca,  Egidia, 
Isonde,  Leusta,  Diamanda,  Gena,  Melivia, 
Lucekyna,  Rayna,  Juetta,  Castania,  Scolas- 
tica,  Swanilda,  Salerna,  Willelma.  But  fancy 
calling  your  lovely  daughter  Gunnora,  Gun- 
nilila,  Magota,  Mazera,  Orabilia,  Richolda, 


The  full  quotation  is  : — 

Men  are  four : 
He  who  knows  not,  and  knows  not  he  knows  not,  he 

is  a  fool — shun  him  ; 
He  who  knows  not,  and  knows  he  knows  not,  he  is 

simple — teach  him ; 
He  who  knows,  and  knows  not  he  knows,  he  is 

asleep — wake  him  ; 
He  who  knows,  and  knows  he  knows,  he  is  wise — 

follow  him. 

This  is  given  in  Lady  Burton's  '  Life  of  Sir 
Richard  Burton,'  and  is  therein  stated  to  be 
an  Arab  proverb.  J.  H.  K. 

CURIOUS  CHRISTIAN  NAMES  (10th  S.  i.  26, 


Massilia,  Heliwysa,  Hawisia,  Dionysia,  Lecia, 
Wyleholta,  or  Frechesaunchia.     Riley,  in  his 
Memorials     of    London,'    notes     that    St. 
Petronilla    the    Virgin    produced    Pernella, 


170,  214).  —  MR.  WILSON'S  interesting  list  familiarly  in  Old  English  "Parnel."  He 
invites  a  few  comments.  1.  Bohemian  also  notes  Aleson  (now  Alice,  which  we  meet 
Bohurnil  is  a  literal  translation  of  Theophilus.  with  in  Chaucer),  Idonia,  and  Avice.  As  to 
2.  Evahn  is  a  phonetic  version  of  Russian  names  of  Hebrew  origin,  'A  Dictionary  of 
Ivan;  the  Bulgarians  shift  the  stress  to  the  Scripture  Proper  Names,'  with  their  pro- 
first  syllable,  1'van.  3.  Fagundes  is  not  a  nunciations  and  explanations,  was  published 
Christian  name,  but  a  patronymic,  the  sur-  J  by  the  Sunday  School  Union.  Many  of  these 


236 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  i.  MARCH  19, 


once  proper  names  now  serve  as  Christian 
names,  as  Salome,  Miriam,  Kezia,  Jesse, 
Ruth,  Adah,  &c.  Greek  names  occur,  such 
as  Anastasia  (resurrection),  Eunice  (happy 
victory),  Irene  (peace),  Rhoda  (a  rose),  Zoe 
(life),  Agatha  (good).  Celtic:  Gyneth  (blessed), 
Gwendoline  (white-browed).  Others  that 
occur  are  Eulalie,  Ellice,  Juanita,  Mima,  Una, 
Ina,  Bona,  Joyce,  Vida  (the  feminine,  I  think, 
of  David),  Eva,  Edna,  Leotine,  Gozida, 
lanthe,  Eudoia,  Eda,  Lolp,  Azena,  Anstice 
(?  Anastasia),  Amanda,  Aline,  Averil,  Coca, 
Clio,  Enda,  Etta,  Guinevere,  Hildegarde, 
lone,  Ion  a,  Justine,  Leila,  Mysie,  Mora, 
Medea,  Nydia,  Oona,  Olga,  Ora,  CEnone, 
Ondine,  Quetta,  Thisbe,  Verena,  Zuleika, 
Zaidee,  Alma,  Wanda,  Zera,  Xora,  Xera, 
Frida,  Ebba,  Isa,  Use,  Else  (?  Elsie),  Irma, 
Mira,  Hulda,  Selma,  Thecla,  Corali,  Angela, 
Isadora,  Gustava,  Iva,  Estelle,  Inez,  Nona 
(ninth  child),  Elma,  Otha,  Ernestine,  jElia, 
Carina,  Cleta,  Cora,  Dia,  Gina,  Lera,  Lselia, 
Myra,  Rena,  Tltia,  Unca,  Joyce  (joyous), 
Monica  (adviser). 

J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

Some  curious  Christian  names  have  come 
under  my  notice   in    a  Shropshire  village. 
Several  girls  are  christened  Arena,  which  is 
always   pronounced  Rayna.    It  seems  that 
the  grandmother  of  the  original  Arena  had 
been  maid  at  a  great  house  in  the  neighbour- 
hood where  one  of  the  daughters  was  Irene, 
and  Arena   was  apparently  a  shot  at  this. 
The    child    of    a    travelling    hawker    was 
christened    in    our   church    Sybaretta,   and 
there  is  also  a  Bolina.    Scripture  names  are 
common.      We    have    Jonathan,    Deborah, 
Enoch,  Levi,  Manoah,  Art,  and  Birsha.    At 
first  I  concluded  Art  to  be  a  diminutive  of 
Arthur,  but  found  the  name  was  taken  from 
one  of  the  genealogies  in  the  Old  Testament ; 
and  Birsha,  I  was  told  by  his  grandmother, 
was  called  after  a  King  of  Sodom  !    Quilla 
(masculine),  so    christened,   must,  I    fancy, 
have  been  intended  for  Aquila.    I  am  one  of 
the  minority  who  have  known  Imogen  in  the 
flesh.  She  was  a  stout,  many-childed  matron. 
[    also    know    Gundred,    Ermengarde,    and 
Ingaret,  which  last  I  at  first  took  to  be  a 
corruption  of  Ankaret,  an  old  name  in  the 
Le    Strange    and    Talbot   families;    but   it 
appears  to  have  some  connexion   with   the 
ancestor  of  the  Swedish  kings,  or  the  name- 
father  of  the  Angles— Ing,  who  is  the  parent 
of  so  many  Norse  names.    A  housemaid  in  i 
friend's   house  was  Thyrza  Heaven,  and  { 
Cheshire  carpenter  was  Julius  Csesar.    Mor 
wenna    the    Cornish,    and    Modwenna    the 
Warwickshire  saint,  have  living  represents 
tives.    Myfanwy,  the  pretty  old  Welsh  name 


now  so  nearly  extinct,  is  Birsha's  sister.  On* 
a  Devon  tombstone  I  have  seen  Philadelphia,, 
and  I  know  Fortune  and  Yvonne  (a  Breton, 
name).  Beata — a  beautiful  old  name,  now 
nearly  extinct — is  on  a  brass  of  1726  in  a 
neighbouring  church  ;  and  a  woman  I  know 
s  Medora,  of  which  no  explanation  appears 
n  Miss  Yonge's  '  History  of  Christian 
Barnes.'  I  should  be  very  glad  to  know  if  it 
s  an  invention  of  Byron's  or  a  genuine 
Eastern  name,  and  if  the  latter,  what  is  its 
signification.  Two  girls  born  at  sea  were 
christened  respectively  Oceana  and  Indiana 
the  name  of  the  ship).  One  of  my  husband's 
ancestors  under  Queen  Elizabeth  was  Her- 
cules. At  that  date  Parnel,  a  variation  of 
Pernel  or  Perronel,  a  feminine  of  Peter,  was 
:ommon  in  a  North  Shropshire  town  ;  and 
Petronel,  another  form,  is  borne  by  a  Devon- 
shire maiden  to  day.  The  growing  popularity 
of  flower-names  is  noticeable :  Marigold, 
Rosemary,  Iris,  Ivy,  Primrose,  Hazel,. 
Heather,  and  Gloxinia  (given  to  a  girl  baby 
very  recently).  The  giving  of  surnames  in 
baptism  to  girls  is  curious,  and  is  at  least 
two  centuries  old.  Two  ladies  of  the  seven- 
teenth century  were  called  respectively 
Essex  and  Dodington,  the  former  being 
Countess  of  Leicester;  and  we  have  to-day 
Montagu,  Countess  of  Glasgow.  In  the 
'  Coronation  Book'  the  name  of  one  peeress — 
I  forget  which — is  given  as  Adora.  If  this  is 
not  a  misprint  for  Annora  or  Aurora,  it  is  a 
name,  I  believe,  not  hitherto  known.  I  have 
seen  somewhere  —  "si  non  e  vero  e  ben 
trovato"— that  a  harassed  parent  insisted  on- 
number  thirteen  being  named  Enough. 

The  meaning  of  some  of  the  curious  names 
given  by  MR.  C.  B.  WILSON  may  be  interest- 
ing :  Bohumil,  God's  love  (Theophilus  literally 
translated  into  Czech) ;  Folger,  almost 
certainly  a  Scandinavian  variation  of  the 
German  Folker=people's  guard  ;  Ilonka, 
probably  a  diminutive  of  Ilona,  Magyar  for 
Helena ;  Jaime,  a  Spanish  or  Portuguese 
form  of  James,  commonly  spelt  Jayme ; 
Vilhjalmr,  the  Icelandic  form  of  William  ; 
Zillah,  Hebrew=shadow. 

The  meaning  of  names  is  unfortunately 
not  much  attended  to  in  these  days.  If 
people  understood  that  Cicely  meant  blind* 
Gladys  lame,  Portia  pig,  and  Julia  downy- 
bearded,  would  they  be  anxious  to  bestow 
the  appellations  on  their  children  1 

HELGA. 

Prothasey  with  its  variants  is  a  name  that 
occurs  in  Devon.  Sir  Thomas  Bodley,  of 
Bodleian  Library  fame,  had  a  sister  Prothesia. 
There  was  a  Pertesia  Midwinter  of  St. 
Petrock's,  Exeter,  if  I  mistake  not,  temp. 


10th  S.  I.  MARCH  19,1901.]         NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


237 


Elizabeth.  A  Partesa  Buckland  figures  in  an 
Elizabethan  deposition  relative  to  Ottery 
St.  Mary.  In  fact,  I  am  not  sure  all  three 
of  the  above  may  not  have  obtained  their 
name  from  some  early  Ottregian,  as  both 
the  Bodleys  and  Midwinters  came  of  Ottery 
stock.  It  should  be  noticed  that  the  inver- 
sion of  the  ro  or  re  follows  the  common  West- 
Country  fashion,  Richard  being  changed  to 
Urchard  in  local  parlance;  so  there  can  be 
little  doubt  that  the  names  are  the  same. 

F.  R— T. 

In  a  Buckinghamshire  village,  a  few  miles 
from  Aylesbury,   there    were  living  in   the 
year  1850  three  sisters  named  Faith,  Hope, 
and  Charity  Montague,  Kerenhappuch  Wilson 
(called  Kay  run  for  short),  Seth  Plater,  Tray- 
ton  Weston,  Israel  Clarke,  Patience  Winter, 
Tracey    Betts,   Meshach  Johnson,   Prudence 
Spiers,    Eldred    Rose,    Avice    Hutt,    Zilpah 
•Chapman,     Agrippa    Small,     and     Comfort 
Dormer.      Trayton   Weston    had    a   brother 
three  miles  distant  named  Purton  Weston 
In  the  same  year  Hephzibah  Makepeace,  a 
year  earlier  Love  Briant  Pitwell,  and  in  1873 
Miraeuny    Fletcher,    were    married    there 
Among    the    burials    in    1844    was   that   o: 
Brillianna  Arietta  Rose,  and  in  1847  that  o: 
Naomi   Shepherd.      The  clergyman    of    the 
parish  (afterwards  a  Suffolk  vicar,  murderec 
by  his  curate  on  Sunday  morning,  2  October 
1887),  not  to  be  outdone  by  his  parishioners 
named  one  of  his  children  Henricus  Astyanax 
Tertius,  as  may  be  seen  on  the  tombstone  in 
the  churchyard,  for  the  boy  lived  but  eigh' 
•months  afterwards.        RICHARD  WELFORD. 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

In  the  East  Sussex  Neios  of  26  February 
amongst  the  deaths  is  recorded  that  of  Ab 
Kenward,  a  name  I  have  never  before  me 
with.  There  is  a  brother  Amram,  who  i 
well  known  to  me. 

In  Bishopstone  Church,  not  far  from  Lewes 
is  a  stained-glass  window,  not  more  tha 
fifty  years  old,  to  the  memory  of  Phila 
delphia  Farncombe.  CAROLINE  STEGGALL. 

The  following  list  of  women's  names  in  us 
in    a    little    community   of    no    more    tha 
twenty-five  families  may  interest  the  curious: 
Alethea,Alida,Alvira,Aralena,Arvilla,Electa, 
Huldah,  Keturah,  Leucretia,  Myra,  Ophelia, 
Pamela,  Philena,  Submit,  Theodosia,  Valeria, 
Visa,  Wealthy,  Zillah.  M.  C.  B. 

New  York  State. 

In  carrying  out  the  self-imposed  task  of 
indexing  the  old  registers  of  this  parish  prior 
to  1812,  I  have  come  across,  amongst  others, 
the  following  curious  Christian  names  :— 
.Avantio,  Bartin,  Albina,  Lucia,  Ursula, 


Vightman,  Obedience,  Emmett,  Allethea, 
'ubal-Cain,  Oswall  (1  Oswald),  Jiflbrd,  Good- 
iff,  South,  Cressense,  Goodith,  Beata,  Avice, 

nn  (a  boy),  Ursley,  Nun,  Kerenhapuch, 
lUssel-Shakspear,  Jeremiah-Wardell,Ginney, 
~ne,  Catherinah,  Elson,  Tilley,  Easter,  Sill 
a  woman),  Damask  (surname  Rose). 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

FRENCH  MINIATURE  PAINTER  (10th  S.  i.  80, 
37,  171,  211).— No.  917  in  the  Exhibition  of 
'ortrait  Miniatures,  South  Kensington,  1865, 
was  lent  by  Miss  Talbot,  and  is  thus  described 
n  the  official  Catalogue,  doubtless  on  the 
owner's  authority  :  "  Madame  le  Brun.  By 
icrself.  Madame  le  Brun"  Probably  this 
.s  the  work  referred  to  by  D.  at  the  last 
reference.  O. 

BROWNING'S  TEXT  (10th  S.  i.  208).— The  first 
edition  (1850)  of  '  Christmas  Eve '  gives  : — 

He  Himself  with  His  human  air. 
MR.   C.   M.   HUDSON  might   satisfy  himself 
were  he  to  examine  the  original  manuscript, 
which  is  preserved  in  the  Forster  Library  at 
South  Kensington.  R.  A.  POTTS. 

"MORALE"  (10th  S.  i.  204).— I  quite  under- 
stand that  morale  exists  in  French,  and 
means  what  we  term  "morality"  as  well  as 
"moral  philosophy  ";  but, moral,  which  means 
"the  mental  faculties,"  and  is  also  used 
for  the  spirits  or  disposition  of  troops,  is 
supplanted  in  Anglo-French  by  the  word 
morale  (sic),  generally  italicized  as  if  it  were 
a  French  word.  My  point  is  that  we  have  a 
perfect  right  to  adopt  any  words  at  our  will 
and  to  affix  any  meaning  to  them — it  may 
be  unwise  to  adopt  new  words  when  old  ones 
hold  the  field  ;  but  we  have  no  right  to  write 
as  French  a  word  which  is  not  French  in  the 
sense  in  which  we  mean  to  use  it. 

HERBERT  A.  STRONG. 

The  University,  Liverpool. 

"  AUNCELL"  (10th  S.  i.  187).— My  old  Bailey 
has  : — 

"  Auncel  Weight  (q.d.  Handsale  Weight),  a  kind 
of  ancient  Instrument  with  Hooks  fastened  to  each 
End  of  a  Beam,  which  being  raised  upon  the  Fore- 
finger, shewed  the  Difference  between  the  Weight 
and  the  Thing  weighed." 

I  dare  say  it  was  susceptible  of  a  little 
fraudulent  manipulation,  hence  its  excom- 
munication. G.  C.  W. 

[The  '  N.E.D.'  says  the  derivation  from  hand- 
sale  is  absurd,  and  suggests  that  auncel  is  from 
"launcelle  (I-  having  been  mistaken  for  the  article), 
ad.  It.  lancella,  a  little  balance,"  in  contrast  to 
the  "Balancia  domini  regis,"  or  Great  Beam  of  the 
king.] 


238 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [10*  s.  i.  MARCH  19, 100*. 


MESS  DKESS  :  SERGEANTS'  SASHES  (10th  S. 
i.  168).— About  1857  a  mess  jacket  and  waist- 
coat of  regimental  pattern  were  generally 
adopted ;  it  was  not,  however,  until  1872  that 
a  regulation  pattern  of  mess  jacket  and 
waistcoat  was  authorized.  The  above  only 
refers  to  regiments  serving  at  home  or  in 
temperate  climates.  In  the  East  and  West 
Indies  infantry  officers  had  worn  a  variety  of 
dinner  costumes  suitable  to  the  climate, 
never  being  much  troubled  by  inspecting 
officers.  At  home,  previous  to  the  Crimean 
War,  officers  sat  down  to  dinner  in  their  red 
long-tailed  coatees,  with  epaulettes  or  wings, 
and  the  sash  round  the  waist,  but  without 
shoulder-belt  or  sword. 

From  the  evidence  of  original  drawings 
sergeants  wore  sashes  round  the  waist  quite 
as  far  back  as  1720,  and  possibly  may  have 
worn  them  for  many  years  previously. 

S.  M.  MILNE. 

JAPANESE  NAMES  (10th  S.  i.  187).— Is  ME. 
PLATT  quite  correct  in  quoting  "  Osaka  "  as 
an  example  of  the  stress  generally  falling  on 
the  penultimate  ?  When  I  was  there  it  would 
certainly  have  been  classified  among  the 
exceptions,  at  least  by  its  inhabitants,  and 
was  pronounced  Osaka  (the  o  long). 

MORRIS  BENT. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

Leviathan  ;  or,  the  Matter,  Forme,  and  Power  of  a 
Commonwealth,  Ecclesiasticall  and  drill.  By 
Thomas  Hobbes  of  Malmesbury.  The  Text  edited 
by  A.  R.  Waller.  (Cambridge,  University  Press.) 
WITH  an  edition  of  Hobbes's  '  Leviathan'  the  Cam- 
bridge University  Press  opens  out  a  new  and 
attractive  series  of  "  English  Classics."  The  cha- 
racter of  a  series  intended  for  the  lovers  of  English 
literature  in  its  best  days  must  not  be  arbitrarily 
judged  by  the  selection  of  an  opening  volume, 
seeing  that  the  list  of  works  ready  for  speedy  pub- 
lication includes  'The  English  Works  of  Roger 
Ascham,'  edited  by  Mr.  Aldis  Wright  ;  '  The 
Poems  of  Richard  Crashaw,'  edited  by  Mr.  Waller ; 
and  'The  Early  Poems  of  George  Crabbe,'  edited 
by  the  Master  of  Peterhouse.  All  will  be  published 
in  a  handsome  and  attractive  form,  reproducing 
with  scrupulous  fidelity  the  original  spelling  and 
punctuation,  and  supplying  a  text  upon  which  the 
student  can  depend  as  upon  the  original  editions. 
The  '  Leviathan '  is  far  from  a  common  work.  Of 
the  genuine  1651  folio  copies  are  scarce,  though 
later  editions  bearing  the  same  date  are  encoun- 
tered. In  these  later  impressions  the  crowned 
figure  on  the  title-page  bears,  says  Mr.  Waller,  a 
manifest  resemblance  to  Cromwell.  A  full  history 
of  the  circumstances  under  which  the  later  portrait 
was  substituted  for  the  earlier,  or  Carolinian 
eikon,  would  be  curious.  So  timid  was,  however, 
Hobbes  as  regards  facing  persecution  that  the 
change  was  probably  dictated  by  what  was  held  to 
be  expediency.  In  the  voluminous  edition  of  Hobbes 


by  Molesworth  the  '  Leviathan '  has,  of  course,  its 
place,  and  it  is  in  that  shape  that  the  work  has  of 
late  been  most  closely  studied.  1  he  present  edition 
will  do  much  to  revive  interest  in  a  philosopher 
who  connects,  in  a  sense,  the  teaching  of  Gassendi 
with  that  of  Locke,  and  has  the  merit,  rare  among 
his  tribe,  of  lucidity.  Regarded  in  his  own  country  a» 
an  atheist,  Hobbes  had  to  face  strenuous  opposition. 
On  the  Continent  his  influence  was  more  felt.  It 
is  but  a  fragmentary  scheme  that  he  expounds,  and 
he  carries  paradox  to  its  utmost  limits ;  but  his 
work  has  had  a  decided  and  permanent  effect  upon 
European  thought,  and  the  present  publication  is 
likely  to  lead  to  a  renewed  and  closer  study  of  it- 
A  few  alternative  readings  are  supplied  at  the  end, 
together  with  an  index  01  persons  and  places  other 
than  Scriptural.  One  of  the  most  interesting 
chapters  is  that  on  '  Darkness '  and  its  denizens. 

Great  Masters.  Part  X.  (Heinemann.) 
PART  X.  of  'Great  Masters '  opens  with  'An  Old 
Woman  saying  Grace,'  by  Nicolaes  Maes,  from  the 
Rijks  Museum,  Amsterdam,  one  of  the  few  works 
of  a  little- known  and  not  too  highly  esteemed  pupil 
of  Rembrandt,  painted  in  his  best  period.  It  ha» 
all  the  minute  realism  and  conscientious  sincerity 
of  the  Dutch  School.  The  atmosphere  is  superbly 
produced.  In  a  totallydifferent  line  is  '  The  Rape  of 
Ganymede,'  from  the  Vienna  Gallery,  attributed  to 
Correggio.  This  is  a  striking  and  remarkable  work 
in  Allegri's  most  sensuous  style ;  the  foreshortening 
is  marvellous,  and  the  black  plumage  of  the  eagle- 
stands  in  strange  contrast  with  the  colour  and 
tissue  of  the  flesh.  The  figure  of  Ganymede  is 
chubby  and  almost  feminine,  while  the  face  shows 
strangely  little  feeling  for  one  embarked  on  so  dan- 
gerous a  flight.  From  the  Hague  Gallery  comes, 
the  superb  portrait  by  Hans  Holbein  of  Robert 
Cheseman,  of  Dormanswell,  painted  in  1533,  wherv 
the  subject  was  forty-eight  years  of  age.  Some- 
thing has  recently  been  discovered  about  Chese- 
man, who  was  a  justice  of  the  peace  and  a  man  of 
position  in  Middlesex.  Nothing  is  known,  how- 
ever, to  account  for  his  singularly  aristocratic  and 
refined  appearance.  On  account  of  the  hawk  which 
he  bears  he  was  once  credited  with  being  falconer 
to  Henry  VIII.  Whatever  he  may  have  been,  the 
portrait  is  beyond  praise.  Last  comes  Gains- 
borough's '  Girl  feeding  Pigs,'  from  Lord  Carlisle's 
collection,  a  picture  which,  on  its  first  exhibition, 
in  1782,  was  purchased  by  Sir  Joshua,  and  was 
afterwards  in  the  famous  dolonna  Collection.  It  is 
declared  to  have  few  equals  among  his  works  for 
colour  and  tone.  In  every  instance  the  repro- 
ductions are  brilliant. 

The  Works  of  Charles  and  Mary  Lamb.  Edited  by 
E.  V.  Lucas. — Vol.  IV.  Dramatic  Specimens  and 
the  Garrick  Plays.  (Methuen  &  Co.) 
THE  appearance  of  this  volume  of  Mr.  Lucas's 
exhaustive  and  monumental  edition  of  the  works  of 
Charles  and  Mary  Lamb  brings  the  collection  once 
more  into  consecutive  order,  the  volumes  previously 
issued  consisting  of  i.,  ii ,  iii.,  and  v.  All  we  have 
now  to  await  before  the  definitive  edition  is  in  our 
hands  consists  of  the  letters  and  of  the  promised 
life  by  the  editor.  For  reasons  which  he  advances, 
and  which  seem  to  us  thoroughly  justified,  Mr. 
Lucas  chooses  as  the  basis  of  his  text  not  the 
original  edition  of  Longmans  of  1808  of  the  text  of 
the  'Specimens'  and  the  additions  from  the  'Gar- 
rick  Plays'  contributed  to  Hone's  '  Table-Book'  in. 


i»<»s.i.MAKCHi9,i904.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


239 


1827,  but  the  edition  of  1835.  It  is  true  that  when  J 
the  latter  appeared  Lamb  was  no  longer  alive.  • 
Mr.  Lucas,  however,  who  knows  that  Lamb  medi- 
tated a  reprint,  is  under  the  impression  that  he 
not  only  authorized  Moxon's  edition,  but  saw  the 
proof-sheets,  and  was  responsible  for  the  arrange- 
ment. We  are  willing  to  accept  Mr.  Lucas's  con- 
clusions. That  Lamb  set  "a  high  value  upon  this 
piece  of  pioneering"  is  highly  probable.  It  is, 
indeed,  difficult  for  the  man  of  to-day  to  appreciate 
the  influence  of  the  work  in  bringing  about  the 
close  study  of  the  Tudor  and  Stuart  dramatists 
that  subsequent  times  have  seen.  Apart,  too,  from 
the  fine  flair  displayed  by  Lamb — almost  the  only 
man  that  we  should  be  content  to  accept  as  taster, 
a  Coleridge  for  insight  and  a  Scott  for  sanity — the 
few  comments  that  accompany  his  selections  are, 
like  what  he  says  about  actors,  perfect.  It 
brings  the  blood  even  now  into  one's  cheeks  to 
read  of  the  atrocities  uttered  in  the  Quarterly,  and 
duly  noted  by  Mr.  Dykes  Campbell  in  the  Athe- 
nceum.  We  may  not  dwell  on  all  the  claims  of  this 
edition,  over  the  birth  of  which  what  is  best  in 
modern  scholarship  has  presided.  It  gives  more 
than  any  previous  edition.  This  might  not  neces- 
sarily be  a  recommendation.  In  the  case  of  such 
matter  and  such  a  selector  it  must  be  accepted  as 
such.  The  few  notes  are  satisfactory  and  pregnant,  . 
and  the  work  contains,  in  addition,  much  reprinted 
poetry  of  Mr.  Swinburne  of  highest  interest.  Haz- 
fitt's  portrait  of  Lamb  at  the  age  of  twenty-nine  as 
a  Venetian  Senator  constitutes  the  frontispiece. 
Other  illustrations  consist  of  the  title-page  of  the 
first  edition  of  the  '  Specimens '  and  a  view  of  the 
British  Museum  in  Lamb's  day.  A  separate  index 
accompanies  a  volume  which,  so  far  as  the  lover  of 
Lamb  is  concerned,  is  adequate,  delightful,  final. 

The  Works  of  Lord  Byron.  Edited  by  Ernest 
Hartley  Coleridge,  M.A.  —  Poetry.  Vol.  VII. 
(Murray.) 

WITH  the  appearance  of  the  present  volume,  the 
chief  interest  in  which  is  bibliographical,  the  new 
revised  and  enlarged  edition  of  Byron,  issued  under 
the  competent  and  loving  care  of  Mr.  Ernest  Hart- 
ley Coleridge,  is  concluded.  Eighty-eight  pages 
out  of  close  upon  five  hundred  are  occupied  with 
Byron's  own  writings,  and  comprise  the^'ewa;  d' esprit 
and  the  minor  poems  issued  between  1798  and  1824. 
Familiar  enougli  are  many  of  these,  which  include 
the  famous  '  Lines  to  Mr.  Hodgson  written  on 
board  the  Lisbon  Packet,'  one  of  the  most  spirited 
as  well  as  the  sauciest  of  his  compositions ;  '  The 
Devil's  Drive,'  now  printed  for  the  first  time  in  its 
entirety  (248  lines) ;  well-remembered  verses  re- 
ferring to  Mr.  Murray  or  Tom  Moore ;  and  the 
venomous  utterances  concerning  Castlereagh.  A 
few  are  given  for  the  first  time.  The  character  of 
these  is  not  such  as  to  inspire  a  keen  appetite  for 
more,  and  though  we  are  told  that  a  few  lines 
remain  unprinted,  we  are  content  to  think  that  the 
final  sifting  has  taken  place,  and  that  no  further 
kruptadia  may  be  disentombed.  A  full  bibliography 
of  Byron,  occupying,  with  notes,  appendix,  sum- 
mary, &c.,  some  two  hundred  and  thirty  pages, 
constitutes  an  invaluable  feature  in  the  edition, 
which  also  comprises  an  index  and  a  table  of 
first  lines.  Among  the  eminently  interesting  illus- 
trations to  the  present  volume  are_  the  Countess  of 
Lovelace,  after  Mrs.  Carpenter's  portrait;  Sir 
George  Sinclair,  from  Raeburn's  picture  ;  and  views 
in  Southwell,  of  Anneley  Hall,  of  Diadem  Hill,  the 


Brig  of  Balgownie,  Tasso's  Cell,  and  the  Armenian. 
Convent  at  Venice.  A  worthy  task  is  well  and 
definitely  fulfilled. 


BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES. 

AMONG  the  catalogues  we  have  received  we  find 
the  following : — 

Mr.  B.  H.  Black-well,  of  Oxford,  has  sent  us  proof- 
sheets  of  his  April  catalogue.  It  is  devoted  to 
foreign  theological  works,  the  items  of  special  in- 
terest including  Hugh  de  St.  Cher's  *  Commentaries 
on  the  Bible,'  with  his  Concordance,  the  first  one 
compiled,  1669,  8  yols.  folio,  SI.  3s. ;  '  Ambrosil 
Opera  Omnia,'  Paris,  1845,  21. ;  'Augustini  Opera,' 
Paris,  1836-8;  '  Basilii  Opera  Omnia,'  3  vols.,. 
Paris,  1721;  'Bernardi  Opera  Omnia,'  Paris,  1839; 
'  Bibliotheca  Fratrum  Polonorum,'  Irenapoli,  1656  j 
'Chrysostomi  Opera,'  26  vols.  in  13,  royal  8vo, 
newly  bound  in  half-vellum,  1839, 101.  10s. ;  '  Brentii 
Opera,'  8  vols.,  Tubingse,  1576-90 ;  '  Erasmi  Opera.' 
1540;  and  'Horse  Beatse  Mariae  Virginis,  cum 
Calendario  Gallico,'  written  in  bold  Gothic  letter 
on  vellum  leaves,  illuminated  in  gold  and  colours,, 
with  miniatures,  14£.  14.$.  The  catalogue  contains 
a  large  number  of  Bibles  and  commentaries  of 
various  dates. 

William  George's  Sons,  Bristol,  have  a  valuable 
collection  of  books  on  Topography,  Genealogy, 
Heraldry,  and  Antiquities  of  the  British  Isles. 
These  include  Britten's  '  Beauties  of  England  and 
Wales,'  original  set,  41.  10s. ;  George  Bradshaw's 
(the  founder  of  'Bradshaw') 'Map  of  the  Canals, 
Navigable  Rivers,  Railroads,  &c.,  of  England,' 
Manchester,  1830 ;  Barrett's  '  Antiquities  of  Bris- 
tol ' ;  an  account  of  '  The  Bristol  Riots,'  1832 ;  '  The 
Little  Red  Book  of  Bristol,'  edited  by  Francis  B. 
Bickley  ;  and  Muller's  '  Bits  of  Old  Bristol.'  There 
are  many  books  relating  to  Cambridge,  among  these 
being  'The  Cambridge  Portfolio,'  1840.  This  is  a 
special  copy,  enlarged  by  the  addition  of  many 
steel  plates.  The  price  is  67.  fo.  Other  works 
are  Fowler's  'Coloured  Engravings  of  Ancient 
Stained  Glass  and  Roman  Pavements ' ;  the  first 
edition  of  Atkyns's  'Ancient  and  Present  State  of 
Glostershire,'  1712,  251.  ;  Bigland's  '  Historical  Col- 
lections relative  to  the  County  of  Gloucester';  and- 
'  Rental  of  all  the  Houses  in  Gloucester,'  1455. 
Under  Ireland  we  find  Borlase's  'The  Dolmens 
of  Ireland ' ;  Street's  account  of  '  The  Restoration 
of  Christ  Church  Cathedral ' ;  and  '  Parliamentary 
Representative  Government,'  1832.  Stothard's 
'  Monumental  Effigies,'  large  paper,  1876,  is  101. 10s. ; 
and  James  Savage's  'Original  Manuscript  Collec- 
tions for  the  History  of  Somerset,'  16  vols.,  567. 

Messrs.  James  Rimell  &  Son  have  a  new  cata- 
logue of  engravings.    The  collection  is  very  varied, . 
and  includes  Cipriani,  Cosway,  Kauft'man,  Rubens, 
Lawrence,  Morland,  Stothard,  Smirke,  Reynolds, 
Wheatley,  and  many  others,  at  moderate  prices. 

Mr.  James  Roche  issues  an  interesting  general 
catalogue,  which  includes  Sowerby's  '  Botany,'  an 
original  set,  1790-1834,  34Z.  10s. ;  Didot's  '  Greek 
and  Latin  Classics,'  49  vols.,  royal  8vo.,  121.  12s.; 
tercentenary  edition  of  '  The  Complete  Angler,' 
2  vols.  4to,  121.  12s.  ;  '  Biographie  Universelle,' 
1811-57 ;  a  large  collection  of  works  with  Cruik- 
shank's  illustrations ;  '  Portraits  of  the  Members 
of  the  Grillion's  Club,'  2  vols.  imperial  folio  ;  '  Har- 
leian  Miscellany ' ;  complete  edition  of  flobbes, 
edited  by  Molesworth,  16  vols. ;  Wilkinson's  '  Lon- 


240 


NOTES    AND    QUERIES.        [10*  S.  I.  MARCH  19,  ISM. 


dinalllustrata';  '  Old  English  Dramatists,  60  vols., 
n  red  levant  morocco,  2#.;  Hardiug's  '  Biographical 
Mirrour,'  1795.  There  are  a  number  of  interesting 
items  under  India,  China  and  Japan,  and  Court 
memoirs,  many  of  them  at  low  prices ;  coloured 
views,  including  '  Parks  and  Gardens,'  by  Manns- 
kirsch  •  views  of  Brighton ;  and  many  works  on 
costume.  Mr.  Roche  has  also  a  large  collection  of 
the  chromos  published  by  the  Arundel  Society. 

The  March  catalogue  of  W.  H.  Smith  &  Son 
contains  list  of  books  new  as  published,  as  well 
as  second-hand  surplus  copies  withdrawn  from 
their  library. 

The   catalogue    for    the    12th   inst.    of    Messrs. 
Sotheran  &  Co.  contains  the  announcement   that 
the  first  volume  of  Tissot's  Bible  will   be  ready 
shortly.    It  is  to  be  published  in  2  vols.  folio  :  each 
-copy  is  to  be  numbered  and  stamped  by  the  Cercle 
de  la  Librairie,   and  will  bear  the  name  of   the 
subscriber.     The  books  in  the  catalogue  include 
4  Arabian  Nights,'  translated  by  Forster,  \U.  10s. ; 
Ashbee's  reprints  of  rare  tracts,  67.  6s.  ;  '  The  Del- 
t)hin  Classics,'  16/.  16*.,  complete  in  160  vols.,  half- 
morocco    gilt    (this    was    published    in  boards  at 
12SI   18s-)  J  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  Moxon's  edi- 
tion   l'2l.  12s.  ;   '  Bacon's  Essays,'  John  Haviland, 
163°'   6Z.  6fc     The   bibliographical  works  include 
Allibone,  Brunet,  Dibdin ;    Todd's  'Catalogue  of 
the  Archiepiscopal    MSS.   at    Lambeth ;   and   an 
illustrated  catalogue  of  the  library  of  Henry  Perkins 
(brewer),  with  the  prices  realized  at  the  sale  in 
June    1873.     This  contains  250  fine  plates.      The 
library  consisted  of  865  lots,   and    included    two 
copies  of  the  Mazarin  Bible.     The  total  result  of 
the    sale  was  26,000^.      Among   extra  -  illustrated 
books  are  Burnet's  '  History  of  his  Own  Time,'  381. ; 
Brvan's  '  Dictionary  of  Painters,'  111.  10s. ;  a  choice 
set  of  Coleridge,   very  scarce,  Pickering,  1836-53 ; 
Payne    Colliers   'Old   English   Literature';    '  Le 
Costume  Historique,'   by  Tlacinet ;    the    Gadshill 
Dickens;  the  Ex-Libris  Series,  13  vols. ;  Goldsmith's 
4  Works,'  edited  by  Peter  Cunningham ;  Ritson's 
Literary  and  Antiquarian  Publications,   33  vols., 
281  10s  •   the  Satirist,  edited   by  Jerdan ;    Shake- 
sDe'are    Boydell  &  Nicol,   1802;   and  Shakespeare 
Society's  Publications,  complete  from  its  beginning 
in  1841  to  its  dissolution  in  1853.    There  is  a  very 
choice   complete   set    of    Swinburne's  works    and 
a  first  edition  of  Thackeray's  '  Humourists,   with 
autograph  letter,  1853  ;  also  a  fine  copy  of  Walpole's 
c  Works  and  Letters,'  23  vols.,  morocco,  47£.  10s. 

Mr.  Albert  Button,  of  Manchester,  has  a  col- 
lection from  the  library  of  the  late  T.R.  Wilkinson. 
This  includes  a  number  of  works  on  Africa  and 
America ;  '  A  Collection  of  Tracts  relating  to  the 
Settlement  of  the  Colonies  in  North  America ' ; 
Riblioaraphica.  1895-7;  a  complete  set  of  Chambers  s 
Journal,  1832-1900,  half-calf,  81.  8s. ;  Egypt  Ex- 
ploration Fund  Publications ;  and  Jesse's  '  Literary 
and  Historical  Memorials  of  London,' 4  vols.,  first 
editions,  1847-50.  Under  Lancashire  are  many 
works  of  interest,  including  a  special  copy  oi 
Gregson's  '  Antiquities  of  the  County  of  Lancaster,' 
with  the  shields  of  arms  emblazoned  by  hand  in 
gold,  silver,  and  colours ;  Shaw's  '  Manchester, 
Old  and  New';  Roby's  'Traditions';  Manchester 
Geographical  Society,  Vols.  I.  to  XVI.,  1885-1901 ; 
4Oldham  Local  Notes';  Pipe  Rolls,  &c.  Works 
on  London  include  Ackermann's  '  Microcosm,' 
1815,  the  plates  excellently  coloured,  3  vols.  4to, 
morocco,  24J.  There  is  a  set  of  the  Transactions  oi 


;he  North  of  England  Mining  Engineers,  from  its 
commencement  in  1852  to  its  termination,  42  vols. 
Kipkins's  '  Historic  and  Unique  Musical  Instru- 
ments'  is  priced  at  31.  10s.;  it  contains  50  plates 
in  colour,  and  is  sumptuously  bound  in  half- 
morocco.  The  original  cost  of  this  was  01.  9*., 
and  the  Musical  Standard  expressed  surprise  at 
the  time  it  was  published  (1888)  that  it  could  have 
been  produced  at  the  price.  A  complete  set  of 
Punch  is  27/. 

Mr.  Thomas  Thorp,  of  Reading,  has  a  good  general 
catalogue  of  recent  purchases,  including  works  on 
America,  India,  Japan,  and  Ireland  ;  Ackermann's 
'  History  of  the  University  of  Cambridge,'  121.  10s. ; 
Senlley's  Miscellany,  1837-61 ;  Bewick's  '  British 
Land  and  Water  Birds' ;  a  number  of  works  illus- 
trated by  Cruikshank,  including  '  Comic  Alma- 
nacks,' 1835-46,  rare,  4(.  4s.,  '  The  Loving  Ballad  of 
Lord  Bateman,'  rare  first  edition,  11.  Is.,  and  '  My 
Sketch  Book,'  1824 ;  Dickens's  '  A  New  Spirit  of 
the  Age,'  edited  by  R.  H.  Home,  1844  ;  Latham's 
'  Falconry,'  W.  10s.  ;  Gerarde's  '  The  Herball/ 


new ;  a  Flemish  manuscript  on  vellum  of  the  six- 
teenth century  ;  Nichols's  '  Literary  Anecdotes,' 
17  vols.,  81.  8s.  ;  Percy  Society.  31  vols.  ;  Sowerby's 
'  Thesaurus  Conchyliorum,'  lil. ;  La  Fontaine,  Paris, 
1755-9,  81.  10s.;  and  'The  Annals  of  Sporting  and 
Fancy  Gazette,'  351. 

Mr.  Voynich  has  another  '  Short  Catalogue,' 
No.  7.  Much  of  interest  will  be  found  under 
English  History,  English  Presses  before  1640,  Greek 
Presses,  Mathematics,  Medicine,  Judaica,  and 
Liturgies.  There  is  a  copy  of  Hakluyt,  1589,  301.  ; 
Burton's  '  Anatomy,'  1628,  4Z.  10s. ;  Colley  Cibber, 
first  edition,  41.  10s. ;  Thomas  Dilke's  '  The  Pre- 
tenders ;  or,  the  Town  Unmaskt,'  1698,  acted  in  the 
theatre  in  Little  Lincoln's  Inn  Fields ;  and  Theo- 
bald's '  Shakespeare  Restored,'  first  edition,  a  rare 
volume,  valuable  for  the  text  of  '  Hamlet.'  Mr. 
Voynich  offers  a  collection  of  unknown  books, 
lately  discovered  in  different  monastic  libraries, 
for  4,000  guineas. 


s  ia 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

E.  M.  S.  ("Centenary"). — Authority  upon  Eng- 
lish pronunciation,  if  such  were  forthcoming,  would 
be  simply  wasted.  We  seem  to  have  lost  all  idea 
of  quantity. 

LIEUT. -CoL.  PARRY  ("  Inscriptions  at  Port  Oro- 
tava"). — We  shall  be  pleased  to  receive  copies  of 
these. 

E.  S.  DODGSON.  —  Proof  of  Ainoo  and  Baskish 
was  sent  to  Paris  with  the  MS.  a  fortnight  ago. 
Please  return. 

ERRATA.— P.  202,  col.  1,  1.  1  of  foot-note,  for 
1466-7  read  1464-66/7.  P.  213,  col.  2,  1.  19  from  foot, 
for  "undated"  read  moated,  P.  216,  col.  2,  1.  12 
from  foot,  for  "Edwin"  read  Edward. 


10*8.  L  MARCH  19,  1904.]         NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


BOOKSELLERS'    CATALOGUES    (MARCH). 


WILFRID  M.  VOYNICH, 

1,  SOHO  SQUARE,  OXFORD  STREET,  LONDON, 

Publishes  MONTHLY  LISTS,  containing  full  Biblio- 
graphical Description  of  all  Books.  Specialities  :  Bnglish 
Literature,  Shakesperiana,  Bindings,  and  Incunabula. 

SHORT  LIST  7,  just  published,  free  on  applica- 
tion. 

ILLUSTRATED  LISTS  I.-IX.  for  Sale  at 
2«.  Qd.  each,  post  free. 

ILLUSTRATED  LIST  VIII.  and  SUPPLE- 
MENT contains  descriptions  of  162  UNKNOWN 
BOOKS,  which  are  to  be  sold  as  a  Collection. 


FRANCIS    EDWARDS, 

83,  HIGH  STREET,  MARYLEBONE, 
LONDON,  W. 

CATALOGUES  JUST   HKADY. 

CLEARANCE  CATALOGUE.    60  pp. 
AUSTRALASIA.    Supplement.    56  pp. 

ORIENTAL   CATALOGUE.     Part  V.     CHINA,  &c. 
100pp. 

ORIENTAL    CATALOGUE.       Part   VI.      JAPAN, 
FOKMOSO,  PHILIPPINES,  &c.     84pp. 

MILITARY  LITERATURE.    24  pp. 
Gratis  on  application. 


LATELY  PUBLISHED. 
CATALOGUE  of  ENGRAVINGS, 

chiefly  of  the  ENGLISH  SCHOOL. 

CATALOGUE  of  TOPOGRAPHICAL 

BOOKS,  ENGRAVINGS,  and  DRAWINGS  relating  to 
GREAT  BRITAIN. 


JAMES 


POST  FREE. 

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LMABCH  26,190*.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


241 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  MARCH  '6,  190!.. 


CONTENTS. -No.  13. 

XOTE5  :— Books  from  John  Dee's  Library,  241—  Aurora 
Borealis  in  Lincolnshire— Bibliography  of  Publishing,  242 
—Thomas  U»k  and  Ralph  Higden  — Hell,  Heaven,  and 
Paradise  as  Place-names  —  "Girl,"  245  —  "  Anon  "—The 
late  Mr.  Thompson  Cooper,  246. 

QUERIES:— "Our  Lady  of  Snows,"  243-W.  Miller,  En- 
graver—Cosas  de  Espafia— "  I  expect  to  pass  through  " — 
N  pronounced  ng— Shulbrede,  247 — Camden  on  Surnames  : 
Mussel  white— Copper  Coins— German  Quotation— Feudal 
System  —  Wilton  Nunnery  —  Crouch  the  Musical  Com- 
poser—Latin Lines — "Scole  Inn,"  Norfolk  —  Dahuria— 
"Disce  Pati  "—Miniature  of  Isaac  Newton,  248— Greek 
Patriarchs— Irish  Ejaculatory  Prayers,  249. 

REPLIES  :  -Tasso  and  Milton,  249—'  Merry  Thoughts  in  a 
Sad  Place '—Derivation  of  "Bridge,"  250— Danteiana— 
Gervaise  Holies  —  "  Meynes  "  and  "  Rhines  " — Kipples — 
Spanish  Proverb  on  the  Orange,  251— Nameless  Grave- 
stones—  Moon  Folk-lore  —  Bibliography  of  Epitaphs  — 
Batrome — Travers  Family,  252 — Anagrams  on  Pius  X. — 
St.  Mary  Axe:  St.  Michael  le  Querne  — W.  Hartley- 
English  in  France — Dorsetshire  Snake-lore,  253 — "  First 
catch  your  hare."  254 — "Fide,  sed  cul  vide"  —  Mount 
Grace  le  Ebor'— Mannings  and  Tawell— "  Old  England  "— 
'The  Oxford  English  Dictionary,' 255— Marlborough  and 
Shakespeare — Admiral  Byng — Immortality  of  Animals — 
"Sorpeni":  "Haggovele" —  Pannell,  256  —  William  of 
Wykeham  —  Quotations  —  London  Rubbish  at  MISCOW — 
Our  Oldest  Public  School  —  William  Willie,  257  — "An 
Austrian  army "  —  Historical  Geography  of  London  — 
Genealogy :  New  Sources,  258. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— Colville's  '  Duchess  Sarah '— '  Great 
Masters '— •  Handbook  for  Yorkshire '— Douse's  '  Exami- 
nation of  an  Old  Manuscript' — Johniton's  'Place-names 
of  Scotland' — Moore's  'Manx  Names' — Plunket's  'An- 
cient Calendars  and  Constellations '  —  '  Conway  Parish 
Registers.' 
Notices  to  Correspondent*. 


gait*. 

BOOKS  FROM  JOHN  DEE'S  LIBRARY. 
(See  9th  S.  viii.  137.) 

SOME  further  works  may  now  be  added  to 
the  list  of  John  Dee's  books  in  the  Library  of 
the  Royal  College  of  Physicians  given  at  the 
above  reference. 

16.  CopernicuB    (Nicolaus)    De   Lateri-  |  bus   et 
Angulis  Tri-  |  augulorum. — 4to,  Vittembergae,  1542. 

On  the  title-page  is  the  signature  "  Joannes 
Deeus  1553,  9  Februar.  Londini.''' 

17.  Glareanus,   AwSeKa^opSov. — Folio,    Basileae, 
1547. 

The  book  is  a  good  example  of  the  printed 
music  of  fche  time.  There  is  a  specially  fine 
and  bold  signature  on  the  title-page : 
"  Joannes  Dee  1556,  4  deceb.  Londini." 

18.  Thevet  (F.    Andr6)    Cosinogra-   |  phie     de 
Levant.— 4  to,  Lyon,  1554. 

"Joannes  Dee,  1557,  20  Januarii."  The  book 
was  rebound,  probably  in  the  early  eighteenth 
century,  ana  much  cut  down,  so  that  the  top 
of  the  signature  is  cut  off. 

19.  Leovitiua  (Cyprianus)  Eclipsium  Omni-  |  urn 
ab  anno  domini  ]  1554  usque  in  annum  domini  1606 : 

I  accurata  descriptio  &   pictura. — Folio,  Augustas 
Vindelicorum,  1556- 


It  does  not  contain  a  complete  signature, 
but  several  notes,  most  of  which  were  ruth- 
lessly cut  in  half  when  the  book  was  rebound. 

Under  an  account  of  an  eclipse  of  the  moon 
as  seen  from  Augsburg  in  1556  is  the  follow- 
ing :— 

"  Haec  nobis  londini  incepit  post  hora  12  m'  20, 
et  finiebat  in  canis  manore  mediabat  fere  ccelu, 

sub  [?J  hor.  2  m'  20.  Aliquo  tor mecu  co'ten- 

dente  incepisse'  m'  6  post  12ad  et  finivisse'  23  minutis 
post  2»d." 

A  marginal  note  has  been  written  beside 
the  account  of  another  eclipse  of  the  moon  : 
"fine"  ego  obs[ervavi]  Mortlaci " 

Beside  a  *  Prsedictio  Astrologica  ad  annum 
domini  1564,  1565,  &  1566 '  appear  the 
remains  of  a  Scriptural  text,  most  of  which 

has  been  cut  away :  " qui  in  domino 

tur.  J.  D." 

20.  Our  philosopher  seems  not  to  have 
been  wholly  absorbed  by  abstruse  specula- 
tions in  astrology  or  in  the  contemplation  of 
a  crystal  sphere,  for  I  was  surprised  to  come 
across  the  signature  "  Jehan  Dee,  1557,"  in  a 
work  entitled 

Cinquante  |  Jeus  Divers  I  d'honnete  entretien,  | 
industrieusement  in-  |  ventes  par  Messer  Innocent 

Rhinghier,  gen  til-  |  horn  me  Bploi-  ]  gnoys.  |  Et 
Fais  Francoys  |  par  Hubert  Philippe  de  villiers. 
Svo,  Lyon,  1555. 

With  the  French  form  of  his  name  he  must 
have  assumed  something  of  the  French  gaiety, 
though  the  stately  and  ceremonious  games 
described  would  hardly  derogate  from  the 
dignity  of  the  most  grave  and  reverend 
signor.  It  may  be  of  interest  to  describe 
them  briefly.  They  are  all  on  one  principle. 
A  governor  is  chosen,  who  allots  names 
according  to  the  subject  in  hand.  Then  the 
rest  are  in  turn  asked  questions  to  which 
certain  replies  must  be  made,  accompanied 
with  more  or  less  action.  Mistakes  are  paid 
for  by  forfeits,  which  are  redeemed  by 
answering  further  questions  appropriate  to 
the  subject  of  the  game.  The  Game  of  Cere- 
monies—it does  not  belie  its  name — is  a 
mimic  sacrifice  to  Venus.  At  the  end  the 
author  writes  complacently : — 

"  Such  is  the  delectable  game  of  the  Sacrifice  of 
Venus,  which,  however  long  in  nature,  and  full  of 
ceremonies,  will  not  cause  by  that  less  joy  and 
novelty :  provided  that  it  be  governed  and  ruled 
by  genteel  and  pleasant  persons." 

He  thinks  some  apology  necessary  for  'Le 
Jeu  d'Enfer,'  but  justifies  himself  by  the 
example  of  Lucian  in  his  '  Dialogues '  and 
Boccaccio,  who  in  his  stories  sometimes  turns 
such  terrifying  things  as  this  "  into  a  game 
and  solace  :  so  that  very  often  laughter  and 
consolation  proceed  from  what  should  bring 
us  only  tears  and  sad  Lamentations." 


242 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.     [io*  s.  i.  MARCH  29,100*. 


In  the  translator's  preface  to  the  reader  he 
hopes  he  will  be  pardoned 

"  si  i'ay  use"  d'une  ortcgraphe  quelque  peu  diuerse 
et  diferete  a  la  vulgaire :  car  ie  ne  I'ay  fait  sinon 
pour  le  soulagement  de  ecus  qui  ne  prenet  plaisir  au 
superflu,  le-quel  i'ay  reiete  autant  que  i'ay  conneu 
la  diuersite  des  doctes  opinions  du  iourd'hui  le 
pouuoir  comporter :  laissant  encor  quelques  brisures 
a  racier,  non  pour  les  approuuer,  mais  pour  ne  me 
faire  voir  de  plain  saut  trop  aigre  refornmteur." 

A  tentative  reform  occurs  in  the  dedication 
to  Marguerite  de  Bourbon,  Duchess  of  Nevers. 
Throughout  it  a  special  type,  an  e  with  a  line 
through  it,  is  used  for  final  e  mute  coming 
before  a  vowel  or  h.  W.  R.  B.  PRIDEAUX. 


AURORA  BOREALIS  IN  LINCOLNSHIRE. 

GERVAISE  HOLLES,  the  Grimsby  antiquary, 
whose    Lincolnshire    collections  aro    in  the 
British  Museum,  has  described  a  magnificent 
display  of  the  Aurora  Borealis,  witnessed  by 
himself  and  others  near  Grimsby  on  17  Janu- 
ary,  1639— that  is,  I  presume,   1640  of  our 
modern  reckoning.    So  far  as  I  am  aware, 
these  notes  have  not  hitherto  been  printed. 
I  send  them  to  'N.  &  Q.'  because  it  has  been 
assumed   that  no  display  of  the  kind  was 
observed  in  England  during  the  seventeenth 
century   (see  Miss  Agnes  M.  Clerke's  'Pro- 
blems in  Astrophysics,'  p.  156) : — 
An  exact  and  true  discription  of  what  was  seene  in 
y°  ayre  17°  die  Jan.  1639  by  Mr  Edmund  Lynold 
at  Healing ;  and  by  Mr  Geruas  Holies,  Captaine 
Guy   Molesworth    and    diners    others    at    G4 
Grimesby  in  Lincolnsh. 

Vpon  Friday  the  17th  of  January  1639  we  obserued 
the  strange  and  extraordinary  Coruscations  wch 
began  to  arise  in  the  East  and  North,  but  especially 
Eastward  about  a  quarter  of  an  hower  after  nine  at 
night,  wherof  some  of  them  (by  reason  of  the  more 
compacted  matter  and  substance)  were  not  p'sently 
disolued  as  vsually  they  are  wont,  but  helde  on  still 
and  so  incorporated^  themselues  one  into  another, 
passing  along  5  signes  of  the  Zodiaque,  and  com- 
passed the  Heauens  like  a  bow  to  the  West,  a  thing 
seldome  or  neuer  seene,  w'ch  gaue  a  true  ground  of 
wonder,  for  ]>t  in  their  progreese  there  was  not  per- 
ceaued  any  abatement  therof  in  their  strength  or 
splendour. 

As  for  the  body  or  Systeme  of  it.  It  was  not  in 
itselfe  Ex  onini  parte  sequibile,  but  in  some  partes 
broader  then  in  the  rest  (seeming  as  ragueled  or 
indented  here  and  there,  for  the  most  part  most 
like  to  a  Battalia  of  pikes  countermarching)  but  the 
whole  circular. 

It  arose  up  first  amidst  the  other  rayes  about  sixe 
degrees  North  from  Cor  Leonis,  and  so  stroke  up  to 
the  midd  heauens  leaning  Castor  and  Pollux  about 
tenne  degrees  South,  and  so  much  also  remote  from 
our  Zenith  or  verticall  point,  and  so  went  on  to 
Auriga  close  by  Hircus,  and  from  thence  stroke 
douneward  betweene  the  seauen  starres  and  Caput 
Algol,  and  so  fell  vpon  the  head  of  Aries  in  the 
West.  And  thus  it  continued  for  the  space  of  halfe 
a  quarter  of  an  hower.  And  then  by  degrees 
sodainly  broke  and  grew  to  a  disparition.  But 


still  the  Rayes  multiplied,  and  darted  up  from 
the  Horizon  east  and  north,  but  Eastward  more 
frequent,  though  in  the  North  they  streamed  up 
higher,  and  with  a  stronger  Ejaculation. 

Not  long  after  the  Northerne  part  was  much 
more  troubled,  the  streames  arising  up  out  of  a 
blacke,  thicke  Cloud  eleuated  from  the  Horizon 
about  eight  degrees  in  the  height  of  it.  and  so  fall- 
ing by  a  decliuity  proportionally  on  either  side,  it 
described  a  perfect  Arch  of  a  circle  in  the  Convexity 
of  it.  It  was  of  a  solid  consistency  all  the  while, 
not  breaking  or  opening  of  a  long  time ;  The  dif- 
ference betwene  the  gleames  arising  out  of  the  North 
and  East  being  this,  viz'  Those  in  the  North  sprung 
up  more  sharp  and  slender  impelling  each  other 
Westward  like  the  Motion  of  the  Stringes  of  an 
instrument  strucke  through,  each  one  arising  past 
another,  and  sometimes  crossing  one  another  like 
so  many  Speares  in  Transuerse  ;  The  colours  of  them 
were  diners,  some  palish,  others  red  and  fiery  here 
and  there  intermixed  with  greene. 

But  that  which  seemed  to  be  most  fearfull  was 
about  10  a  clocke,  and  continued  till  neare  Mid- 
night in  our  sight,  and  perchance  long  after  that  ; 
And  that  was  in  the  inflammation  and  consumption 
of  these  Exhalations  by  continuall  flashinges  and 
vibrations  of  the  Ayre  (like  fire  and  smoke  mingled 
continually  ascending  vpward  with  a  rapid  motion) 
which  were  general!  all  the  Heauens  ouer  in  the 
Northerne  part  of  the  Hemisphere  according  to  the 
boundes  first  set  by  the  Semicircle,  within  ye  com- 
pas  of  w'ch  it  played  all  the  while  ;  for  Southward, 
and  in  via  Solis  all  was  serene. 

From  aboue  the  Westerne  part  of  ye  clowd  before- 
named,  there  seenied  to  be  a  great  opening  with 
broad  gleames  arising  w'ch  inlightened  that  part 
in  an  Extraordinary  manner  ;  The  like  also  a  litle 
after  that  in  the  Easterne  part  of  it,  but  they  arose 
nothing  so  high  as  the  other  w'ch  pierced  up  like 
speares  to  the  very  Pole  itselfe.  About  halfe  an 
howre  after  eleuen  of  the  clocke  there  seemed  to 
be  some  abatement  of  the  flashinges ;  but  the 
Streames  in  the  North,  and  the  East  especially 
continued  still,  though  not  so  abundantly  springing 
vp  as  before.  As  for  the  Naturall  cause  of  this,  and 
the  happening  of  it  at  this  time ;  I  conceaue  it  to 
be  those  Fluid  and  incondensated  exhalations 
drawne  up,  and  so  carried  about  by  a  long  continued 
serenity ;  growing  to  some  degree  of  clammynesse 
and  the  ayre  being  then  disposed  to  Frost,  the 
Frigus  ambiens  below,  with  the  cold  of  y"  midle 
region  aboue  working  by  an  Antiperistasis  cawsed 
an  intention  of  heat  in  those  Exhalations  w'ch 
(being  of  a  tenuous  Nature)  came  so  to  be  inflamed 
and  consumed  by  a  thinne  spirit  of  fire  licking  them 
up  ;  w'ch  had  they  beene  more  incrassated,  would 
either  haue  ended  in  perfect  lightning,  or  haue 
turned  into  some  other  Meteor.  L)e  Cceteris  judi- 
cent  alii.— Lansd.  MS.  207,  C.,  pp.  192b-193b. 

EDWARD  PEACOCK. 
Wickentree  House,  Kirton-in-Lindsey. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  OF  PUBLISHING  AND- 
BOOKSELLING. 

(See  ante,  pp.  81, 142, 184.) 

Jacobi,  Charles  T.— On  the  Making  and  Issuing  of 
Books.    4to,  London,  1891. 

Some  Notes   on  Books   and    Printing   (and 
Publishing).    8vo,  London,  1902. 


10*  S.  I.  MARCH  26,  1904.]        NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


243 


James,  G.  P.  R.,  1801-60.— Some  Observations  on 
the  Book-trade,  as  connected  with  Literature 
in  England. — Journal  of  the  Statistical  Society 
of  London.  Vol.  VI.,  Part  I.  London,  Feb- 
ruary, 1843. 

Jessqpp,  Augustus,  1824—  A  Plea  for  the  Pub- 
lisher.—Contemporary  Review,  March,  1890. 

Johnson,  Joseph,  1821 —  By  -  gone  Manchester 
Booksellers.— I.  William  Willis,  1807-61,  and 
others.  II.  Saniuel  Johnson,  1783-1868,  and  other 
members  of  his  family. 

These  notices  appeared  in  W.  T.  Johnson's  Manchester 
Catalogue  (28,  Corporation  Street),  December,  1883,  and 
February,  1884,  and  were  all  that  were  published. 

Liverpool  Booksellers.'  See  Bookseller,  Sep- 
tember, 1861 ;  January,  1862. 

Manchester    Booksellers.      See    Bookseller, 
February,  1861. 

Katalog   der   Bibliothek    des    Borsenvereins    der 
Deutschen  Buchhandler.    Leipzig,  1885. 
Supplement,  1885-1901.    Leipzig,  1902. 
Further  Supplements  are  issued  periodically,  Nos.  1-4, 
December,  1902,  to  December,  1903. 

This  library  contains  the  most  complete  collection  in  the 
world  of  books  in  all  languages  dealing  with  the  production 
and  sale  of  books  and  cognate  subjects. 

Kelly,    Thomas,    1772-1855.  —  Passages   from    the 

Private  and  Official  Life  of  the  late  Alderman 

Kelly  (Lord  Mayor  1836-7).    By  the  Rev.  R.  C. 

Fell.    With  Portrait.    Fcap.  8vo,  London,  1856. 

Kelly  was  an  enterprising  bookseller  and  a  notable  man, 

but  is  omitted  from  the  '  D.N.B.' 

Kelly's  Directory  of  Stationers,  Printers,  Book- 
sellers, Publishers,  and  Paper  Makers  in  Great 
Britain.  Royal  8vo,  London,  1900,  and  period- 
ically. 

Kirkman,  Francis,  publisher  and  dramatic  writer, 

1632— (?).— Memoirs  of  his  own  Life. 
This  is  mentioned  by  Dunton,  but  I  cannot  find  any  other 

reference  to  it  or  proof  of  its  publication.    The  '  D.N.B.' 

does  not  mention  it. 

Knight,  Charles,  1791-1873.— The  Pursuit  of  Know- 
ledge under  Difficulties  (see  chaps,  x.-xi.  '  Lite- 
rary Pursuits  of  Booksellers  and  Printers '). 
12mo,  London,  1830. 

The  Struggle  of   a  Book  against  Excessive 
Taxation.     Svo,  London,  1850. 

The    Old    Printer   and   the   Modern  Press. 
Crown  8vo,  London,  1854. 

Part  II.  deals  with  eighteenth  and  nineteenth  century 
methods  of  publishing  and  bookselling. 

Two  articles  by  F.  Espinasse  appeared  in  the 
Critic  during  May,  1860. 

Passages  of  a  Working  Life.  3  vols.  crown 
8vo,  London,  1864. 

Shadows  of  the  Old  Booksellers.  Crown  8vo, 
London,  1865. 

A  Sketch.    By  his  Granddaughter  Alice  A. 
Clowes.    With  a  Portrait.    8vo,  London,  1892. 
Contains  a  list  of  works  written,  edited,  or  conducted 
by  Charles  Knight. 

Lackington,  James,  1746-1815. 

Memoirs  of  the  First  Forty-five  Years  of 
James  Lackington,  the  present  Bookseller  in 
Chiswell-Street,  Moorfields,  London.  Written 
by  Himself  in  Forty-six  Letters  to  a  Friend. 
With  portrait.  8vo,  London,  1791. 
For  other  editions  see  Lowndes. 

The  Confessions  of  J.  Lackington,  late  Book- 
seller at  the  Temple  of  the  Muses,  in  a  Series 
of  Letters  to  a  Friend.  Second  edition.  Crown 
8vo,  London,  1804. 


Lawler,  John. — Book  Auctions  in  England  in  the 
Seventeenth  Century  (1676-1700).   With  a  Chro- 
nological List  of    the  Book  Auctions  of   the 
Period.    Crown  8vo,  London,  1898. 
Mr.  Lawler  is  the  principal  book-cataloguer  at  Messrs. 

Sotheby's.    His  book  contains  some  details  of  the  earliest 

known  "trade  sales  "  as  well  as  of  sales  of  private  collections 

of  books. 

Lea  Brothers  &  Co. — One  Hundred  Years  of  Pub- 
lishing, 1785-1885.  8vo,  Philadelphia,  1885. 

Leisure  Hour  Jubilee.  By  John  C.  Francis.  9th  S. 
viii.  518 ;  ix.  3,  24. 

Letter  (A)  to  the  Society  of  Booksellers,  on  the 
Method  of  forming  a  True  Judgment  of  the 
Manuscripts  of  Authors :  and  on  the  leaving 
them  in  their  hands,  or  those  of  others,  for  the 
determination  of  their  merit :  also,  of  the  know- 
ledge of  new  books,  and  of  the  method  of  dis- 
tributing them  for  sale 8vo,  London,  1738. 

Library,  The,  New  Series.  Vol.  i.,  1900,  and  in 
progress.  See  Indexes  throughout. 

Literature  of  the  People.  By  John  Francis.— Athe- 
naeum, 1  January,  1870. 

Little,  Brown  &  Co.,  Boston. — An  article  reprinted 
from  the  Publishers'  Weekly.  8vo,  New  York, 
1898. 

Liverpool  Booksellers. — Articles  by  Joseph  Johnson 
in  the  Bookseller,  26  September,  1861 ;  January, 
1862. 

Lockhart,  John  Gibson,  1794-1854.— The  Life  of  Sir 

Walter  Scott,  1837-8. 
See  throughout ;    also  Scott's  '  Journal,'    1890 ;  and  see* 

Ballantyne,  House  of,  supra. 

London  Booksellers'  Signs. 

See  the  Bibliographer,  vol.  ii.  112,  143,  174  ;  iii.  45,  67,  94  j: 
iv.  76 ;  vi.  22  (London,  1882-4). 
London  Bridge  Booksellers.    See  s.n.  Thomson,  R. 

See  also  the  articles  at  6th  S.  v.  221 ;  vi.  444,  465,  531 ;  vii- 
103,  461 ;  x.  163,  237,  317 ;  xi.  293 ;  7th  S.  iv.  164. 

Longman,  House  of. 

A  series  of  articles  appeared  in  the  Critic,. 
24  March,  7,  21  April,  1860,  by  F.  Espinasse. 
This  is  the  most  authoritative  and  minute  account  which 
has  yet  appeared. 

Bookseller,  August,  1859,  and  30  June,  1865. 
British  and  Colonial  Printer  and  Stationer* 
24  December,  1884. 

Publishers'  Circular,  13  August,  1892. 
Sketch,  30  May,  1894. 

Bookman,  special  article,  with  portraits,  &c.> 
March,  1901. 

Public  Opinion,  26  February,  1904. 
Mr.  John  C.  Francis  informs  me  that  Sir  Charles  W.  Dilke 
possesses  a  pocket-book  of  his  great-grandfather,  Charles 
Wentworth  Dilke,  the  father  of  Charles  Weutworth  Dilke 
of  the  Atfientfum,  containing  the  following  entry  under 
date  Friday,  4  January,  1788  :  "  Mr.  Longman  wrote  to  me 
desiring  my  support  to  a  periodical  paper  called  the  Times." 

Longman,  Thomas,  1804-79.—  Athenaeum,  6  Sept., 
1879;  Standard,  2  Sept.,  1879;  Daily  Telegraph, 
1  Sept.,  1879;  Publishers'  Circular,  16  Sept., 
1879. 


Longman,  William,  1813-77.— An  article  by  Henry 
Reeve  in  Fraser's  Magazine,  October,  1877 ; 
AthenEeum,  18  August,  1877 ;  Publishers'  Cir- 
cular, 1  Sept.,  1877;  Bookseller,  4  Sept.,  1877. 

Lowndes,  Thomas,  1719-84.— A  bookseller  in  Fleet 
Street.  "  He  is  supposed  to  have  been  delineated 
by  Miss  Burney,  in  her  celebrated  novel 
'Cecilia,'  under  the  name  of  'Briggs.'"  (Tim- 
perley's  '  Dictionary  of  Printers '). 


NOTES   AND    QUERIES.        [10th  S.  I.  MARCH  26,  1904. 


Lucas,  E.  V.— Charles  Lamb  and  the  Lloyds.  With 

portrait.    Crown  8vo,  London,  1898. 
Robert  Lloyd  (1778-1811)  was  a  bookseller  in  Birmingham. 

Macmillan,  Daniel,  1813-57;  Macmillan,  Alexander, 
1818-96.  —  Memoir  of  Daniel  Macmillan.  By 
Thomas  Hughes.  With  portrait.  Crown  8vo, 
London,  1882. 

A  Bibliographical  Catalogue  of  Macmillan  & 
Co.'s  Publications  from  1843  to  1889.  With 
portrait  of  Daniel  Macmillan  from  an  oil  paint- 
ing by  Lowes  Dickinson,  and  of  Alexander 
Macmillan  from  an  oil  painting  by  Hubert  Her- 
komer,  R.A.  8vo,  London,  ]891. 

Le  Livre,  Septembre,  1886,  article  by  Ernest 
Chesneau,  '  Les  Grands  Editeurs  Anglais.' 

Publishers'  Circular,  14  January,  1893,  article 
with  portrait,  '  Publishers  of  To-day.' 

Bookman,  special  article  with  portraits,  &c., 
May,  1901. 

Caxton  Magazine,  November,  1901,  article 
with  illustrations. 

Public  Opinion,  19  February,  1904. 
Madan,  F.— The  Early   Oxford   Press:    a  Biblio- 
graphy of  Printing  and  Publishing  at  Oxford, 
"1468"-1640.     With    Notes,   Appendices,    and 
Illustrations.    8vo,  Oxford,  1900. 

A  Chart  of  Oxford  Printing,  1468-1900.    With 
Notes  and  Illustration.    4to,  Oxford,  1903. 
Deals  mainly  with  the  Oxford  University  Press.    Contains 
a  list  of  Oxford  Printers  and  Publishers,  1481-1900. 

Manchester  Booksellers.— Article  in  the  Bookseller 
(by  Joseph  Johnson),  26  February,  1861. 

Marstou,  Edward,  1824—.  Sketches  of  Booksellers 
of  other  Days.  With  9  illustrations.  Fcap.  8vo, 
London,  1901. 

Sketches  of  some  Booksellers  of  the  Time  o 
Dr.  Samuel  Johnson.  With  9  illustrations 
Fcap.  8yo,  London,  1902. 

In  chap.  vii.  will  be  found  a  very  interesting  account,  bi 
Mr.  Robert  Bowes,  of  Cambridge,  of  a  Booksellers'  Club 
1805-11,  "  The  Friends  of  Literature,"  taken  from  the  minute 
book  and  a  collection  of  letters  and  receipted  accounts 
bought  at  the  sale  of  the  Phillipps  MSS. 

The  Book  Monthly  for  December,  1903,  con- 
tains an  article  on  Mr.  Marston,  with  portrait. 
.Mathias,  Thomas  James,  1754  ?-1835.— The  Pursuits 
of  Literature,  a  Satirical  Poem  in  Four  Dia- 
logues, with  Notes.  To  which  are  added  an 
Appendix ;  the  Citations  translated ;  and  a 
Complete  Index.  Sixteenth  Edition.  8vo,  Lon- 
don, 1812. 
The  large-paper  copy  of  this  edition  in  the  B.M.  has  the 


following  inscription  on  the  title-page  :  "  Presented  by  the 
or  George  [sic]  Mathias  to  his  friend  E.  D.  Clorke. 


author  i 


Men  of  the  Reign.  Edited  by  Thomas  Humphry 
Ward.  Crown  8vo,  London,  1885. 

Men  of  the  Time.— First  edition,  London,  1853 ; 
fifteenth  edition,  crown  8vo,  London,  1899. 

Metropolitan  Booksellers.— Of  the  Theatre. — Pub- 
lishers' Circular,  15  January,  1887. 

Of  the  Law.— Publishers  Circular,  1  March, 
1887. 

Miller,  George,  1770-1835.— Latter  Struggles  in  the 
Journey  of  Life  ;  or,  the  Afternoon  of  my  Days  : 
illustrating  and  inculcating,  as  the  nar- 
rative proceeds,  some  of  the  most  important 
lessons  and  sublime  maxims  of  our  Christian 
philosophy from  the  incidents  and  every- 
day occurrences  of  the  latter  and  most  unfor- 
tunate part  of  the  real  life  of  a  Country  Book- 


seller, who  exercised  that  Profession  in  his  little 
Provincial  Locality  (Dunbar,  East  Lothian), 
with  varied  success,  for  the  greater  part  of  half 
a  century 8vo,  Edinburgh,  1833. 

Miller,  Thomas,  1808-74. 

See  8th  S.  v.  124,  251,  314,  372;  Thomas  Cooper's  '  Auto- 
biography,' 1872;  and  '  Amcoats'  Gainsborough  Annual,' 
1892,  article  by  C.  Bonnell. 

Murray,  John  (II.),  1778-1843.  A  Publisher  and  his 
Friends :  Memoir  and  Correspondence  of  the 
late  John  Murray,  with  an  Account  of  the 
Origin  and  Progress  of  the  House,  1768-1843. 
By  Samuel  Smiles.  With  portraits.  2  vols. 
London,  8vo,  1891. 
See  vol.  ii.  of  '  Portraits  of  Public  Characters,'  by  Author 

of   '  Random  Recollections  of  the  Lords    and  Commons,' 

2  vols.  crown  8vo,  London,  1841. 

A  Letter  to  John  Murray,  Esq.,  upon  an 
^Esthetic  Edition  of  the  Works  of  Shakespeare. 
8vo,  London,  1841. 

Murray,  John  (House  of). — A  series  of  articles 
by  F.  Espinasse  appeared  in  the  Critic,  7,  14, 
21,28  Jan.,  1860.  Also  an  article  by  the  same 
writer,  with  portraits  and  other  illustrations, 
in  Harper's  Magazine,  September,  1885. 

Bookman,  special  article  with  portraits  and 
other  illustrations,  February,  1901. 

Public  Opinion,  5  February,  1904. 

Murray's  Magazine,  November,  1889. — The  Origin 

and    History   of    'Murray's   Handbooks.'    By 

John  Murray  (III.).     1808-92. 
Nelson,   William,   1816-87.  —  A  Memoir.     By   Sir 

Daniel  Wilson,  LL.D.,  F.R.S.E.    With  portrait. 

Printed  for  Private  Circulation.    8vo,  1889. 
Contains  also  a  sketch  of  Thomas  Nelson,  1780-1861,  the 
founder  of  the  firm. 


Newbery,  John,  1713-67.— A  Bookseller  of  the  Last 
Century :   being  some  Account  of  the  Life  of 
John  Newbery,  and  of  the  Books  he  Published, 
with   a  Notice   of   the  later  Newberys.     By 
Charles  Welsh.    8vo,  London,  1885. 
See    9th    S.    viii.    11    for   article    by    Edward    Heron- 
Allen.    Porster,  in  '  The  Life  and  Times  of  Oliver  Gold- 
smith'   (Preface    to    Second    Edition,    1854),    refers     to 
Newbery   MSS.    in   Mr.    Murray's   possession,    and  gives 
extracts,  but  Mr.  Welsh  (p.  65)  says  that  they  cannot  now 
be  found.    The  MS.  Autobiography  of  Francis  Newbery, 
1743-1818,  used  by  Mr.  Welsh,  is  still  in  the  possession  of 
the  family. 

See  also  Goldsmith's  Works,  edited  by  J.  W.  N.  Gibbs, 
vol.  v.  pp.  350,  405-8. 

Nichols,  John,  1744-5-1826.— Biographical  and  Lite- 
rary Anecdotes  of  William  Bowver.  8vo, 
London,  1782. 

Literary  Anecdotes  of  the  Eighteenth  Cen- 
tury.    9  vols.  8vo,  London,  1812-15. 
For  alphabetical  list  of  Booksellers,  &c.,  with  biographical 
details,  see  vol.  iii.  pp.  714-12. 

Illustrations  of  the  Literary  History  of  the 
Eighteenth  Century,  continued  by  John  Bowyer 
Nichols.     8  vols.  8vo,  London,  1817-1858. 
For  alphabetical  list  of  Booksellers,  &c.,  with  biographical 
details,  see  vol.  viii.  pp.  463-529. 

Memoir  of  John  Nichols,  Esq.,  F.S.A.  With 
tributes  of  respect  to  his  memory.  With  por- 
traits. 8vo,  privately  printed,  1858. 

Memoir  of  the  late  John  Gough  Nichols, 
F.S.A.  By  Robert  Cradock  Nichols,  F.S.A. 
With  portraits.  4to,  privately  printed,  1874. 

Historical  Notices  of  the  Worshipful  Com- 
pany of  Stationers  of  London.  By  John  Gough 
Nichols,  Jun.  4to,  London,  1861. 


10*  S.  I.  MARCH  26,  1904.]        NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


245 


Nicoll,  Henry  J.— Great  Movements  and  those  who 
Achieved  Them.  1881.  'Cheap  Literature 
Constable,  Chambers,  Knight,  Cassell,'  pp.  151 
188.  '  The  Repeal  of  the  Fiscal  Restrictions  on 
Literature :  T.  Milner  Gibson,  Cassell,  Cham 
bers,  John  Francis,'  pp.  265-339. 

Nisbet,  James.  1785-1854.—  Lessons  from  the  Life  o 
the  late  James  Nisbet,  Publisher,  London:  a 
Study  for  Young  Men.  By  the  Rev.  J.  A 
Wallace.  Crown  8vo,  London,  1867. 

North,  Roger,  1650-1733.— Life  of  the  Right  Hon. 
Francis  North,  Sir  Dudley  North,  and  the  Hon. 
and  Rev.  Dr.  John  North,  vol.  iii.  p.  293.    8vo 
London,  1826. 
A  reference  to  the  Little  Britain  booksellers. 

Notes  and  Queries,  1849 — 
See  Indexes  throughout. 

O'Brien,  M.  B.—  A  Manual  for  Authors,  Printers, 
and  Publishers.  London,  1890. 

Oldys,  William,  1696-1761.— A  Literary  Antiquary : 
Memoir  of  William  Oldys,  Esq.,  Norroy  King- 
at-Arms.  Together  with  his  Diary,  Choice 
Notes  from  his  Adversaria,  and  an  Account  of 
the  London  Libraries  (with  Anecdotes  of  Col- 
lectors of  Books,  Remarks  on  Booksellers,  and 
of  the  first  publishers  of  Catalogues).  [By  James 
Yeowell.]  Reprinted  from  Notes  and  Queries. 
12mo,  London,  1862. 

WM.  H.  PEET. 

(To  be  continued.) 


THOMAS  USK  AND  RALPH  HIGDEN. —  It  is 
a  great  gain  to  know  that  the  '  Testament  of 
Love '  was  written  by  Thomas  Usk  and  not 
by  Chaucer.  As  is  now  well  known,  Usk 
himself  has  placed  this  on  record  by  the  fact 
that  the  initial  letters  of  his  chapters  form 
the  sentence :  "  Margarets  of  virtw,  have 
merci  on  thin  Vsk." 

But  this  was  surely  rather  a  queer  thing 
to  do,  and  naturally  suggests  the  question, 
What  put  this  idea  into  his  head  1  The 
obvious  answer  is,  I  think,  that  the  same 
thing  had  just  been  done  by  Ralph  Higden, 
the  author  of  the  '  Polychronicon,'  whose 
great  book  of  history  was  in  vogue  just 
exactly  in  his  time  ;  it  was  a  celebrated  book 
of  that  age,  and  he  must  have  known  some- 
thing about  it.  Usk  wrote  about  1387,  and 
Higden  died  in  1363. 

The  initial  letters  of  the  chapters  in 
Higden's  first  book  form  the  sentence : 
"  Presentem  cronicam  compilavit  frater 
Ranulphus  Cestrensis  monachus."  It  is  re- 
markable that  the  editor  of  the  first  volume 
of  Higden,  at  p.  xvii  of  his  preface,  quotes 
the  following  from  Bishop  Nicholson:  "If 
you  spell  the  first  letters  of  the  several 
chapters  that  begin  it,  j*ou  read,  '  Prcesentem 
cAronicam  conpilavit  Frater  Ranulphus  mona- 
chus Cestrensis.'"  Apparently  neither  the 
editor  of  the  volume  nor  any  one  else  has 


ever  taken  the  trouble  to  verify  the  state- 
ment, or  he  would  have  found  out  that  there 
were  three  misspellings  in  it,  as  denoted  by 
the  italics.  As  it  is  thus  misrepresented,  we 
find  sixty-one  letters,  though  there  are  but 
sixty  chapters  ;  and  it  is  surely  amazing  that 
any  one,  in  spelling  out  an  acrostic,  snould 
thus  put  the  words  in  a  wrong  order  ! 

However,  we  now  come  to  a  literary  fact, 
viz.,  that  Usk  knew  Higden's  book.  I  find 
one  rather  clear  case  of  probable  indebted- 
ness. Thus  in  book  ii.  en.  ii.  1.  116  of  the 
'Testament,'  Usk  says  that  the  mother  of 
Perdiccas,  who  was  heir  to  Alexander  the 
Great,  was  a  dancing-girl.  As  I  point  out  in 
the  notes,  it  was  Arrhidseue,  Alexander's  half- 
brother,  and  not  Perdiccas,  who  had  such  a 
mother.  But  Higden  has  the  very  same 
error.  In  his  book  iii.  ch.  xxx.  Higden  (fol- 
lowing, apparently,  Trogus)  remarks,  "filius 
saltatricis  Perdiccas  legitur  successisse." 

And  now  comes  a  very  interesting  point. 
It  was  John  of  Malverne,  the  continuator  of 
Higden,  who  has  given  us  some  account  of 
Usk,  apparently  from  personal  recollection. 
This  fact  brings  the  two  authors  into  very 
close  connexion.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

HELL,  HEAVEN,  AND  PARADISE  AS  PLACE- 
NAMES. — To  the  place-names  with  Hell  (see 
ante,  pp.  46,  94,  156)  may  be  added  a  house  at 
Tiibingen,  Wiirtemberg,  called  Die  Holle. 

May  I  also  remind  your  readers  that  a 
refreshment  room  in  the  old  House  of  Com- 
mons was  named  Hell  ?  Many  of  the  M.P.s 
expelled  by  Col.  Pride  in  1648  were  confined 
temporarily  in  it. 

One  of  the  best-known  Valaisan  wines  is 
called  Vin  d'Enfer  ;  and  there  is,  of  course,  a 
Hollenthal  in  the  Black  Forest. 

An  osteria  near  the  catacombs  of  San 
Sebastian,  on  the  Appian  Way  at  Rome,  has 
the  sign  "  Delle  Anime." 

Paradise,  Parvis,  Parsfel,  is,  of  course,  a 
well-known  name  for  the  square  outside  the 
west  door  of  a  cathedral,  as  at  Paris  and  Aix- 
la-Chapelle  ;  but  I  do  not  know  any  example, 
save  Heavenfield  in  Yorkshire,  of  Heaven  or 
Purgatory  as  a  place-name.  H.  2. 

"  GIRL." — The  etymology  of  girl,  according 
to  the  '  N.E.D.  ,'is  still  uncertain,  and  it  may 
therefore  be  worth  while  to  urge  the  claims 
of  an  association  not,  I  believe,  before  sug- 
gested. 

In  the  earliest  examples  quoted  it  is  clear 
that  girl  is  not  feminine  of  sex,  but  opposed 
as  an  immature  child  to  adult  man.  We 
should  look  for  the  cognates  of  the  word 
iherefore  in  the  direction  of  immaturity.  I 
ind  a  first  cousin  to  the  word  in  grilse,  the 


246 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,     [io»  s.  i.  MARCH  26,  im 


immature  salmon.  The  vagary  of  ir  and  ri 
is  of  course  familiar  ;  cf.  frith  and  firth,  grin 
and  gim,  and  the  by  forms  of  girl  and  grilse 
in  the  'N.E.D.'  As  to  the  final  -I,  it  is 
natural  to  see  in  it  the  diminutive  -el,  -I, 
i.e.,  the  I.G.  -lo-  suffix ;  cf.  runnel,  cripple 
(beside  creep),  fowl.  This  gives  gir-  as  the 
stem,  which  is  confirmed  by  the  Old  Low 
German  gb'r,  and  this  will  justify  us  in 
making  garcon,  besides  gars  and  Irish  gossoon, 
of  the  same  kindred.  It  is  reasonable  to 
trace  in  all  the  root  of  grow,  green,  grass, 
N".  Scotch  girs;  and  thus  we  arrive  at  an 
I.G.  root,  the  velar  or  palatal  breathed  aspi- 
rate guttural  and  r  (sonant  or  consonant), 
which  of  course  appears  by  ablaut  with 
various  stem-vowels.  If  this  be  right,  we 
ought  probably  to  see  the  same  root 
in  XO^TOS,  hortus,  garth,  yard;  and  it  is 
tempting  to  suppose  that,  as  happens 
sporadically,  the  I.G.  had  a  byform  which 
produced  the  Latin  cre-o  and  cre-sco.  In 
any  case  the  old  girl-boy  will  thus  be  the 
equivalent  of  our  "  Verdant  Green."  I  would 
add  that  the  idea  of  Mrs.  Grundy  as  the 
divinity  who  "mores  hominum  naso  sus- 
pendit  adunco"  is  confirmed  by  the  name 
Grindy,  which  hangs  on  a  signpost  of  an  inn 
in  the  parish  of  Thorpe  Cloud,  Derbyshire. 

T.  NICKLIN. 

"ANON."— In  the  '  New  English  Dictionary ' 
a  curious  use  of  anon  has,  it  would  appear, 
escaped  attention.  In  Thackeray's  '  The  Four 
Georges'  (I  quote  from  Smith  &  Elder's 
edition  of  1869),  in  'George  IV.,'  p.  106,  we 
have,  "It  was  Walter  Scott  who  had  that 
accident  with  the  broken  glass  I  spoke  of 
anon"  (i.e.,  on  p.  100).  Here  the  word  must 
be  used  of  the  past.  T.  NICKLIN. 

THE  LATE  MR.  THOMPSON  COOPER.  (See 
ante,  p.  220.)  —  Survivors  until  1904  among 
those  who  contributed  to  the  First  Series  of 
*N.  &  Q.'  must  be  so  rare  that  I  think 
special  note  should  be  made  of  the  fact  that 
the  late  MR.  THOMPSON  COOPER'S  earliest 
contribution  was  in  vol.  vii.  of  that  series 
(p.  118),  published  on  29  January,  1853,  and 
therefore  when  he  was  not  twenty  years  of 
age,  his  last  appearing  just  half  a  century 
later  (9th  S.  xi.  334).  The  subject  of  the  first 
was  the  Irish  ballad  of  '  Bpyne  Water,'  and 
three  other  efforts  from  his  pen  are  in  the 
same  volume ;  while  he  was  a  frequent  con- 
tributor in  many  subsequent  years,  and  often 
in  association  with  C.  H.  Cooper,  whom  I 
take  to  have  been  his  father.  As  one  who 
had  long  known  and  respected  this  well- 
learned  and  admirable  journalist,  and  who 
met  him  at  his  post  of  duty  in  the  Press 


Gallery  of  the  House  of  Lords  only  a  very 
short  time  before  he  ceased  work  and  life 
almost  simultaneously,  I  should  like  to  place 
upon  record  a  striking  indication  of  his 
resolve  to  labour  to  the  end.  Because  of  his 
advanced  age,  the  authorities  of  the  House 
of  Commons  paid  him  the  unprecedented 
compliment  of  offering  him  the  use  of  the 
Ladies'  Gallery  lift  to  the  Press  Gallery;  but 
he  never  took  advantage  of  it,  on  the  ground 
that  he  was  still  well  able  to  perform  all  his 
duties.  ALFRED  F.  BOBBINS. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  maybe  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

"OUR  LADY  OF  SNOWS."  —  Among  your 
various  contributors  will  probably  be  found 
some  to  throw  light  upon  the  following  ques- 
tion. A  short  time  ago  I  read  in  a  leading 
London  daily  paper  an  allusion  to  the  ex- 
pression "Our  Lady  of  Snows,"  which  was 
called  the  "pretty  phrase"  of  Mr.  Rudyard 
Kipling.  But  did  it  really  originate  with 
him?  To  begin  with,  the  expression  has  a 
very  Roman  Catholic  flavour  about  it,  and 
would  naturally  seem  to  have  come  from 
such  a  source.  England  is  a  rainy  country, 
but  an  ordinary  English  Protestant  writer 
would  hardly  call  it  "Our  Lady  of  Showers." 
I  am  anxious  to  solve  the  question,  because  I 
came  accidentally,  a  short  time  ago,  on  an 
article  in  the  Revue  Canadienne  (Montreal, 
ler  Mars,  1903)  which  was  devoted  to  a 
Canadian  poet  now  dead,  specimens  of  whose 
writings  were  given.  Probably  this  review 
would  not  circulate  much  outside  of  Canada, 
for  the  literature  of  the  French  Canadians  is 
very  little  read  except  by  themselves.  The 
critique  is  entitled  'Emile  Nelligan  et  son 
(Euvre,'  but  no  regular  biography  of  the  poet 
is  given.  The  poems  cited  are  many  of  them 
very  pretty,  and  have  a  peculiar  nuance  from 
the  Canadian  French  which  strikes  ine, 
although,  of  course,  on  delicate  shades  of 
expression  a  foreigner  cannot  be  a  complete 
judge.  It  certainly  does  not  appear  exactly 
Parisian  French.  On  p.  280  we  have  a  poem 
entitled  '  Notre  Dame  des  Neiges.'  In  it  the 
legend  of  the  Virgin  Mary  descending  upon 
Montreal  is  given.  I  quote  the  first  two 
verses : — 

Sainte  Notre-Dame  en  beau  manteau  d'or, 

De  sa  lande  fleurie 
Descend  chaque  soir,  quand  son  Jesus  dort, 

En  sa  Ville-Marie, 


10"' S.I.  MARCH  26,  1904.]          NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


247 


Sous  1'astral  flambeau  que  portent  ses  anges 

La  belle  Vierge  va 
Triomphalement  aux  accords  e'tranges 

De  celeste  viva. 

Sainte  Notre-Dame  a  la-haut  son  trone 

Sur  notre  Mont-Royal, 
Et  de  la  son  ceil  subjugue  le  Faune 

De  1'abime  infernal. 
Car  elle  a  dicte  "  Qu'un  Ange  protege 

De  son  arme  de  feu 
Ma  ville  d'argent  au  collier  de  neige," 

La  Dame  du  ciel  bleu. 

Rather  whimsically'  expressed  these  verses,  I 
think,  but  very  pretty.  I  want  now  to  find 
out  when  Mr.  Kipling  first  used  the  ex- 
pression, and  when  Nelligan  performed  the 
"historical  feat  of  flourishing,"  as  Dickens 
expressed  it.  Who  started  this  pretty  ex- 
pression "Notre  Dame  desNeiges"?  Perhaps 
it  is  much  older  than  both  authors,  as  seems 
highly  probable.  OXONIENSIS. 

W.  MILLER,  ENGRAVER.— I  am  endeavour- 
ing to  perfect  a  catalogue  of  the  works  of 
William  Miller,  line  engraver,  which  I  com- 
piled in  1886  ;  and  amongst  other  engravings 
of  his  about  which  I  should  be  thankful  for 
information  are  the  two  mentioned  below. 

The  first  is  a  vignette  engraving  (about 
4  in.  by  4ia.  ?)  representing  a  figure  like  a 
Roman  soldier  standing  steering  an  open  boat, 
his  eye  fixed  on  a  star,  and  the  following 
lines  (or  something  like  them)  underneath  : — 
Faith  is  the  Christian's  guiding  star 

O'er  life's  tempestuous  sea, 
By  which  the  soul  can  gain  from  far 
A  glimpse,  0  God,  of  Thee. 

Can  it  have  been  engraved  as  a  title-page 
for  'The  Pilot,'  A.  C.  Baynes,  Liverpool, 
1831,  or  for  '  Christian  Vespers,'  C.  Hutche- 
son,  Glasgow,  1832 1  I  could  not  find  either 
publication  in  the  British  Museum. 

In  what  publication  is  to  be  found  a  line 
engraving  (probably  about  6  in.  by  4  in.  ?) 
of  Hornby  Castle,  after  Pickersgill,  engraved 
for  Fisher,  Son  &  Co.,  London,  1832,  by 
William  Miller  ?  W.  F.  MILLER. 

Summerfield,  Winscombe,  Somerset. 

COSAS  DE  ESPAXA. —  1.  Can  any  one  give 
me  the  history  of  a  very  striking  memorial 
to  Christopher  Columbus  which  now  adorns 
Seville  Cathedral?  I  find  no  mention  of  it 
in  a  book  so  recent  as  Mr.  Gallichan's  '  Story 
of  Seville  '  ("  Mediaeval  Towns"),  which  bears 
the  date  of  1903.  I  have  been  told  that  the 
monument  was  brought  from  Havana,  but 
the  'Encyclopaedia  Britannica'  seems  to 
know  nothing  of  it  or  of  its  transference. 
Whose  noble  conception  is  embodied  in  the 
design  ?  I  judged  that  the  grand  figures 
of  four  kings,  Castillo,  Aragon,  Leon,  and 


Navarre,  bearing  the  bier  of  the  discoverer, 
were  of  coloured  stone,  but  a  lady  who  had 
presumed  to  touch  one  of  them  informed  me 
that  they  were  of  "  tin,"  which  I  cannot  for  a 
moment  believe. 

2.  At  the  feet  of  the  venerated  image  of 
El  Santo  Cristo   at  Burgos  are  three  oval 
objects  which  are  probably  ostriches'  eggs. 
Does  anybody  know  when  and    why  they 
were  placed  there?    I  should  imagine  they 
were   a   votive  offering ;  and  perhaps  they 
may  have  some  connexion  with  a  flock  of 
ostriches   belonging  to  the  Crown  which  is 
referred  to  in  '  Spanish  Life  in  Town  and 
Country,'  pp.  81,  82.    The  birds  were  (and 
perhaps  may  be  still)  kept  in  a  royal  park 
near  Madrid.    "  No  one,"  says  the  author, 
"  seemed  to  know  anything  about  them  nor 
how  long  they  had  been  there."    The  Christ 
at  Bergos  is  designated  de  los  huevos. 

3.  Is  there  any  legend  to  account  for  the 
unusual  tenuity  and  length    of    Spaniards' 
feet?  ST.  SWITHIN. 

"I    EXPECT    TO    PASS     THROUGH."— Who    IS 

the  author  of  the  following  ? — 

"I  expect  to  pass  through  this  world  but  once. 
Any  good  thing,  therefore,  that  I  can  do,  or  any 
kindness  that  I  can  show  to  any  fellow-creature, 
let  rne  do  it  now.  Let  me  not  defer  or  neglect  it, 
for  I  shall  not  pass  this  way  again." 

It  is  ascribed  to  Edward  Courtenay,  Earl  of 
Devon  ;  to  Etienne  Grellet,  a  French  Quaker  ; 
and  to  Sir  Rowland  Hill.  I  shall  be  greatly 
obliged  for  any  information  about  the  writer's 
name  and  life.  J.  A.  S. 

[This  saying  was  discussed  7th  S.  ix.  429 ;  8th  S.  ix. 
169,  239,  378;  xi.  118;  but  the  author  was  not 
identified.] 

N  PRONOUNCED  NG. — Why  is  the  letter  n 
always  sounded  as  ng  before  k,  c  or  ch  (pro- 
nounced ask),  and  x  ?  The  following  are 
examples  of  what  I  believe  to  be  a  universal 
rule :  Anchor  pronounced  angchor ;  bank, 
bangk ;  Jenkins,  Jengkins ;  link,  lirigk ; 
monk,  mongk  ;  uncle,  ungcle  ;  bunk,  bungk  ; 
anxiety,  angxiety ;  minx,  mingx ;  lynx, 
lyngx. 

It  seems  to  me  that  this  fact  throws  some 
light  on  recent  correspondence  concerning 
the  so-called  duplication  of  the  sound  in  some 
words  ending  in  ng.  as  angle,  tingle,  &c. 

W.  S.  B.  H. 

SHULBREDE  :  DERIVATION  OF  THE  NAME. — 
Shulbrede  Priory,  near  Linchmere,  in  Sussex, 
was  founded  in  the  reign  of  King  John. 
There  is  no  village  or  other  place  of  the 
name,  which  is  confined  to  the  Priory.  The 
name  has  been  spelt  in  various  ways,  amongst 
others  "Shilbred"  and  "Silebrede."  It  was 


248 


NOTES   AND    QUERIES.       [10*  S.  I.  MARCH  26,  1904. 


not  unusual  in  Sussex,  before  the  Reforma- 
tion, to  endow  plots  of  land,  the  rental  of 
which  went  to  provide  either  the  bread  for 
the  Eucharist  or  the  "pain  benit "  distributed 
after  Mass,  and  such  lands  were  called  "  Holy 
Bread  Lands,'1  the  rent  being  sometimes 
referred  to  as  "Holebreds"  (Siiss.  Arch.  Coll., 
xliv.  p.  151  and  note).  May  the  name  Shul- 
brede  be  derived  from  this  practice,  Shut 
or  Sile  being  equivalent  to  Seele  =  holy, 
blessed  1  C.  STRACHEY. 

CAMDEN  ON  SURNAMES  :  MUSSELWHITE.— I 
should  be  much  obliged  for  the  reference  in 
Camden's  '  Britannia '  to  the  place  where  he 
states  that  there  are  few  villages  in  Normandy 
which  are  not  the  origin  of  English  surnames. 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  name  Mussel- 
white,  common  in  parts  of  South  Wilts  ?  It 
is  interchangeable  with  Mussell,  families 
calling  themselves  by  both  names.  Mussell 
seems,  from  its  termination  ell,  Norman- 
French  ;  Musselwhite,  from  its  termination, 
seems  English.  G.  HILL. 

Harnham  Vicarage,  Salisbury. 

COPPER  COINS  AND  TOKENS.— What  is  the 
best  way  to  clean  these  ?  F.  M.  J. 

GERMAN  QUOTATION.  —  "  Ohne  Phosphor 
kein  Gedanke."  Can  any  of  your  readers 
inform  me  about  the  origin  of  this  phrase  ? 
I  believe  I  came  across  it  years  ago  in  Goethe's 
works.  H.  C.  G. 

FEUDAL  SYSTEM.— When  an  owner  in  fee 
held  by  tenure  of  knight  service  under  a 
tenant  in  capite  the  position  of  the  two 
parties  is  clear,  but  this  is  not  so  when  a 
third  person  intervenes.  Thus  it  is  often  the 
case  tnat  a  knight's  fee  is  held  by  the  tenant 
in  fee  under  a  mesne  tenant,  and  he  (the 
latter)  holds  under  a  tenant  in  capite,  and  I 
should  like  to  discover  what  are  the  privi- 
leges and  burdens  which  this  mesne  tenant 
enjoyed  and  had  to  bear.  B.  R. 

WILTON  NUNNERY.— The  Benedictine  Abbey 
of  Wilton,  near  Marlborough,  Wilts,  was  sur- 
rendered some  time  between  1537  and  1540, 
and  granted  to  the  Earl  of  Pembroke.  What 
evidence  is  there  that  it  was  restored  under 
Queen  Mary,  as  stated  by  Scott  (note  A  to 
'  Rob  Roy ')  ?  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

CROUCH  THE  MUSICAL  COMPOSER.— Can 
any  reader  of  'N.  &  Q.'  tell  me  whether 
Crouch  wrote  any  other  music  beside  his 
well-known  setting  to  'Kathleen  Mavour- 
neen,'  by  which  he  seems  to  be  alone  re- 
membered ?  He  was  born  in  Wiltshire ;  left 
England  for  the  States  in  1849;  served  in 


the  Confederate  army  in  the  American  Civil 
War ;  afterwards  settled  in  Maryland,  and 
finally  died  in  his  eighty-ninth  year  at 
Portland,  Maine,  U.S.  A  contemporary  states 
that  the  heirs  of  his  creditors  have  now 
received  11s.  9d.  in  the  pound  owing  to  the 
increased  value  of  land  in  Pentonville,  where 
his  property  was  situated.  It  would  be 
interesting  to  know  whether  he  is  com- 
memorated in  any  way  in  his  native  land. 
FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

1,  Rodney  Place,  Clifton,  Bristol. 

[F.  Nicholls  Crouch  wrote  many  other  songs. 
There  are  references  to  him  9th  S.  vii.  430  ;  viii.  349.] 

LATIN  LINES.— I  should  be  glad  to  have 
a  translation  of  the  following.  The  words 
border  one  side  of  an  allegorical  diagram 
or  chart  of  Christian  doctrine  drawn  in  the 
twelfth  century  by  a  Flemish  hand  (see 
Strong's  '  Catalogue  of  Letters,  &c.,  at 
Welbeck,'  p.  9)  :— 

He  regis  nate  sunt  mentis  sed  locate 
Per  quas  irrores  nos  Christe  tuendo  sorores 
O  felix  anima  que  non  descendit  ad  ima 
Ut  facie  celi  pociatur  luce  fideli 
Virgineus  cetus  perdulci  carmine  letus 
Gaudet  in  eternum  regem  speculando  supernum 
Hoc  nobis  dona  sanctorum  Christe  corona. 
Sedibus  etherneis  quo  sociemur  eis.    Amen. 

J.  FOSTER,  D.C.L. 
Tathwell,  Louth,  Lines. 

"  SCOLE  INN,"  NORFOLK.  (See  1st  S.  i.  245, 
283,  323.)— In  an  old  print  by  Kirby,  1746, 
of  the  sign  of  the  above  inn,  built  in  the 
year  1655,  and  costing  1,0511.,  the  following 
note  occurs  : — 

"  It  is  called  '  Schoale  Inn '  from  its  being  twenty 
miles  from  the  City  of  Norwich,  Ipswich,  Bury 
St.  Edmunds,  and  Thetford." 

Can  any  of  your  readers  give  any  meaning 
of  the  note  under  the  title  of  the  print? 

C.  E.  LEMAN. 

DAHURIA. — Where  is  this  botanical  "extra- 
British  distribution,"  mentioned  from  time 
to  time  in  Hooker's  '  Student's  Flora  of  the 
British  Islands '  ?  C.  S.  WARD. 

"  DISCE  PATI."— Can  any  reader  of  'N.  &  Q.' 
throw  light  on  the  origin  of  this  maxim  ?  It 
is  the  motto  of  the  Duncan  family  (Earls  of 
Camperdown),  but  the  present  head  of  the 
family  states  that  he  is  unaware  of  its  origin. 
I  have  found  it  inscribed  in  a  monastic  MS. 
volume,  and  signed  by  a  person  known  to 
have  been  living  in  1487.  C.  STRACHEY. 

MINIATURE  OF  ISAAC  NEWTON.—!  possess 
a  miniature  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton,  in  a  frame 
set  with  rose  diamonds,  on  the  back  of  which 
is  engraved  "The  gift  of  the  Associates  of 


I.  MARCH  26,  1904.]         NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


249 


the  Royal  Academy  of  Sciences  to  Sir  Isaac 
Newton,  1703."  What  was  the  Royal  Academy 
of  Sciences  1  The  miniature  is  signed  either 
Blake  or  Black.  I  cannot  find  the  name  in 
Bryan's  '  Dictionary  of  Painters  '  as  a  minia- 
ture painter  of  that  date. 

ROBERT  BIRKBECK. 

GREEK  PATRIARCHS. — Can  any  reader  refer 
ine  to  or  supply  me  with  a  list  of  the  (Ecu- 
menical Patriarchs  of  Constantinople  from 
Photius  to  the  present  Anthimus  VII.  ? 

J.  B.  McGovERN. 
St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 

IRISH  EJACULATORY  PRAYERS. — Twenty  or 
thirty  years  ago,  a  number  of  more  or  less 
stereotyped  greetings,  ejaculatory  prayers, 
and  so  forth,  of  ten  falling  into  the  form  of 
versicle  and  response,  were  common  among 
the  Irish  peasantry — e.g.,  "  God  bless  the 
work  ! "  on  coming  into  a  place  where  work 
was  in  progress;  answered  by  "Thank  you 
kindly."  "God  be  praised  !  now  we  have  the 
light";  answered,  I  think,  by  "The  Lord 
send  us  all  the  light  of  heaven  !  "  1  should 
be  very  grateful  for  any  additions  to  my 
store  of  these  generally  beautiful  formulae 
from  those  whose  knowledge  of  the  subjec 
is  more  extensive  than  my  own. 

A.  WALLACE. 
Pennthorpe,  Mead  Road,  Chislehurst. 


TASSO  AND  MILTON. 

(10th  S.  i.  202.) 
THE  several  instances  of  similar  thought, 
and  sometimes  even  similar  phrase,  between 
these  two  great  poets  which  MR.  INGLEBY 
gives  are  certainly  interesting.  They  do  not 
prove,  and  were  not  intended  to  prove,  that 
Milton  was  a  plagiarist.  Lauder  tried  to 
show  that,  and  failed  disgracefully,  long  ago. 
But  such  instances  certainly  lead  us  to  infer- 
that  Milton  was  a  great  admirer  and  reader 
of  Tasso's  epic.  However,  since  Milton's  fine 
epic  on  the  Armada  has  been  presented  to 
the  present  century  and  been  accepted  by 
competent  critics,  lovers  of  our  great  poet 
will  naturally  expect  to  find  traces  of  Tasso 
either  there  or  in  some  other  part  of  the 
varied  prose  and  poetry  of  'Nova  Solyma.' 
They  will  not  be  disappointed  in  their  ex- 
pectation. The  poem  on  the  Armada  consists 
of  three  lengthy  fragments,  which  are  quoted 
by  Milton  in  his  romance  as  specimens  of 
epic  poetry,  and  we  are  reminded  of  Tasso 
at  the  very  outset.  For  the  first  fragment 
begins  with  the  heavenly  mission  of  Mars, 


sent  from  Jove  in  disguise  to  Philip  of  Spain ; 
and  this  is  described  in  much  the  same 
manner  as  the  heavenly  mission  of  Gabriel, 
sent  from  the  Almighty  to  Godfrey  of  Bul- 
loigne  in  Tasso's  '  Jerusalem  Delivered.' 
There  is  no  copying  of  phrases  or  "  convey- 
ing "  of  uncommon  similes— no  plagiarism 
really  ;  but  any  one  who  compares  the  mis- 
sion of  Mars  at  the  beginning  of  Milton's 
epic,  and  the  mission  of  Gabriel  at  the  begin- 
ning of  Tasso's  poem,  cannot  fail  to  see  that 
Milton  had  Tasso's  descriptive  lines  clearly 
in  his  mind  (though  no  doubt  unconsciously) 
when  he  began  his  own  fragment  with  the 
similar  mission  of  Mars. 

But  closely  as  Tasso  is  followed  here,  there 
is  another  Italian  who  is  imitated  far  more 
closely  further  on  in  the  third  fragment  of 
the    same    Armada    epic :    I  mean    Marcus 
Hieronymus  Vida,  and  a  passage  in  the  fifth 
book  of  his  '  Christiad.'    There  Fear  is  called 
forth  by  Satan  from  a  horrid  cave-like  abode, 
and  sent  to  frighten  Pilate,  just  as  Terror  is 
called  from  his  cave  to  put  to  flight  the  ships 
of  the  Armada,  and  two  unusual  adjectives 
meaning  "volant"  and   "importunate"  are 
used  in  both  accounts  similarly.    The  recur- 
rence of  such  words  shows  clearly  that  they 
came  from  the  earlier  poet,  and  were  retained 
in  Milton's  mind,  and  reproduced  as  his  own 
minting  when  he  was  building  up  "  the  lofty 
rime"  of  his  earlier  epic.    Vida's  fame  has 
always  been  very  great  as  a  Latin  poet ;  but 
I  think  few  judges  will  deny  that  the  de- 
scription of   Terror's   "awful  laugh,"  when 
summoned   to  exert  his  power  against  the 
Spanish  fleet,  beats  anything  in  Vida  or  his 
coetaneous  Latinists  : — 

Then  overjoyed  to  take 

His  share  in  such  wild  deeds,  that  awful  Shape 
As  answer  raised  a  peal  most  horrible 
Of  echoing  laughter  long  and  loud,  far  worse 
Than  rumbling  roar  of  twin  contending  seas, 
Or  when  the  pregnant  thunder-clouds  displode 
From  hill  to  hill.    A  tremor  ran  along 
The  Arctic  ground  ;  the  mountain  tops  were  rent 
By  that  dread  peal ;  it  flawed  the  eternal  ice  ; 
Thick  as  it  lay  upon  the  Cronian  Sea  ;] 
E'en  Heaven  itself  did  tremble  to  the  pole. 

The  original  Latin  is  somewhat  less  diffuse 
than  the  above  ;  but  the  idealized  sublimity 
of  the  conception  contained  in  it  is  far  above 
Vida's  powers  or  Tasso's  either  : — 

Tali  sermone  ciebat 
Lzetantem  nimiuni  tantos  miscere  tumultus  : 
[lie  fremens,  quantum  displosa  tonitrua  reddunt, 
3t  quantum  freta  qu^  sese  gemina  sequora  rumpunt, 
rlorrenduni  attollit  risum :  tremit  Arctica  telfus, 
3iffiss£eque  jugis  rupes,  aeternaque  ponti 
<Yacta  sono  glacies ;  moto  caelum  axe  tremiscit. 

But  it  is  in  the  description  of  the  cave  and 
?ear  its  occupant  that  Vida  is  so  closely 


250 


NOTES   AND    QUERIES.       [lO*  S.  I.  MARCH  26,  1904. 


followed  in'NovaSolyma.'  However,  whether 
we  consider  the  earlier  Armada  epic  or  the 
later  unsurpassable  ones  of  Milton's  blind 
old  age,  in  neither  case  can  it  be  allowed 
that  the  author  was  a  plagiarist.  There  is 
the  "strange  case"  of  him  and  Vondel  the 
Dutchman,  it  is  true,  and  the  undoubted  and 
remarkable  similarities  and  parallel  passages 
are  amazing  ;  but  they  need  not  induce  any 
one  to  consider  Milton  a  plagiarist  any  more 
than  to  consider  the  immortal  Elizabethan 
author  of  the  chronicle  plays  to  be  in  the 
same  category  because  he,  page  after  page, 
presents  his  readers  with  almost  the  very 
words  of  Holinshed.  The  fact  is  these  two 
illustrious  borrowers  took,  as  it  were,  lead, 
or  tin,  or  some  baser  metal,  and  transmuted 
it  by  their  wondrous  alchemy  into  the  finest 
gold  the  world  knows  of.  If  this  be  pla- 
giarism or  literary  theft,  the  world  is  willing 
to  have  more  of  such  deeds.  Take  the  case 
of  Francis  Bacon.  If  ever  a  man  knew  how 
to  put  in  better  phrase  what  had  been  written 
or  said  by  other  people,  and  to  magnificate 
and  glorify  it  in  the  process  of  change,  then 
Francis  Bacon  was  the  man.  Indeed,  this 
was  frequently  admitted  by  both  his  friends 
and  enemies,  and  to  some  extent  allowed 
by  himself;  but  he,  too,  was  no  plagiarist, 
though  he  was  able  to  bombast  a  line  or  two 
out  of  Holinshed  better  even  than  Shakspear 
of  Stratford,  as  many  people  think. 

~NE  QUID  NIMIS. 

Addison,  in  the  following  passage  from 
the  Spectator,  probably  refers  to  these  imita- 
tions : — 

"I  have  likewise  endeavoured  to  shew  how  the 
Genius  of  the  Poet  shines  by  a  happy  Invention,  a 
distant  Allusion,  or  a  judicious  Imitation  ;  how  he 
has  copied  or  improved  Homer  or  Virgil,  and  raised 
his  own  Imaginations  by  the  Use  which  he  has 
made  of  several  Poetical  Passages  in  Scripture.  I 
might  have  inserted  also  several  passages  of  Tasso, 
which  our  Author  has  imitated."— No.  369  on 
Milton's  Paradise  Lost.' 

All  the  great  epic  poets  since  Homer  have 
enriched  their  poems  intentionally  with  the 
thoughts  of  their  predecessors  :  and  Milton 
certainly  has  done  so  as  much  as  any  oi 
them.  E.  YAEDLEY. 


«  MERRY  THOUGHTS  IN  A  SAD  PLACE  '  (10U 
S.  i.  141,  193).— The  authorship  of  these  lines 
has  always  been  a  matter  of  interest  to 
students  of  seventeenth-century  verse,  and  i 
short  bibliographical  note  may  perhaps  pro 
duce  more  evidence  upon  the  point. 

Twelve  stanzas  of  the  poem  (omitting  that 
beginning  "What  though  I  cannot  see  my 
King  )  were  printed  in  a  pamphlet  of  four 


leaves,  together  with  verses  '  Upon  his 
Majesties  coming  to  Holmby  '  and  '  A  Pane- 
?yrick  faithfully  representing  the  proceed- 
ings of  the  Parliament.'  The  pamphlet  has  no 
ritle  and  is  undated  ;  it  is  bound  among  the 
tracts  of  1647  in  the  King's  Pamphlets  in  the 
British  Museum,  but  part  of  the  manuscript 
date  has  been  cut  off,  and  it  might  possibly 
oe  1649.  The  lines  are  headed  '  The  Liberty 
of  the  Imprisoned  Royalist,'  and  this  is,  I 
oelieve,  their  first  appearance  in  print.  They 
nave  been  offered  for  sale  by  auction  in  this 
form  as  the  work  of  Lovelace,  but  it  is  not 
necessary  to  suppose  that  their  author  had 
even  seen  the  lines  to  Althea,  as  the  ideas 
ommon  to  both  may  be  found  in  various 
other  places. 

The  whole  poem,  entitled  'The  Requiem 
or  Libertie  of  an  Imprisoned  Royalist,  G.M.,' 
appears  in  some  copies  of  '  Vaticinium  Voti- 

vum ;   or,  Palsemon's  Prophetick  Prayer 

Trajecti.  Anno  Caroli  Martyris  primo.'  Mr. 
Percy  Dobell,  of  Charing  Cross  Road,  kindly 
called  my  attention  to  this,  and  procured  me 
a  copy  of  the  book.  Other  places  in  which 
it  was  printed  are :  '  Parnassus  Biceps,' 
1656,  p.  107,  'The  Liberty  and  Requiem  of 
an  Imprisoned  Royalist';  '  Wit  and  Drollery,' 
1656,  p.  11,  and '  Rump  Songs,'  1662,  pt.  i.  p.  242 
(reprint),  '  Loyalty  Confin'd  ' ;  '  Westminster 
Drollery,;  1671,  p.  96  (ed.  Ebsworth),  'The 
Loyal  Prisoner.' 

I  have  purposely  omitted  Lloyd's  'Memoirs,' 
1668,  p.  95,  where  it  was  introduced  by 
these  words  :  "  But  I  will  cloath  his  free 
thoughts  in  the  closest  restraint,  with  the 
generous  Expressions  of  a  worthy  Personage 
that  suffered  deeply  in  those  times,  and  injoys 
only  the  conscience  of  having  so  suffered  in 
these."  What  Lloyd  says  has  been  thought 
to  fit  L'Estrange,  the  traditional  author  (see 
Percy's  'Reliques,'  ii.  bk.  iii.  No.  12,  1767), 
who  was  seized  near  Lynn  in  December,  1644, 
and  imprisoned  until  he  was  allowed  to  escape 
from  the  Tower  in  the  spring  of  1648;  but 
Mr.  Ebsworth  points  out  that  he  had  not 
gone  entirely  unrewarded  after  the  Restora- 
tion, having  been  appointed  Licenser  in  1663. 

The  poem  has  also  been  assigned  to  Lord 
Capel  ('Royal  and  Noble  Authors,'  ed.  Park, 
iii.  35) ;  but  apart  from  the  difficulty  in  his 
case  of  Lloyd's  statement,  MS.  authority  is, 
I  believe,  in  favour  of  L'Estrange,  who  was 
accepted  by  Archdeacon  Hannah  as  the 
author.  G.  THORN-DRURY. 

"  BRIDGE  "  :  ITS  DERIVATION  (10th  S.  i.  189). 
— This  game  is  said  to  have  been  brought  to 
England  from  Constantinople,  where  it  had 
been  introduced  by  Russian  members  of  the 


10*  S.I.  MARCH  26,  1904.]         NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


251 


Corps  Diplomatique.  The  word  bridge  is  the 
Anglicized  form  of  the  Russian  name  for 
the  game,  which  seems  to  be  a  combination 
of  other  games  of  the  whist  family,  such  a: 
Geralasch,  Siberia,  and  Preference.  It  was 
first  played  in  England  about  1880,  according 
to  the  'Encyclopedia  Britannica.'  The  rules 
of  the  game  in  English  were  printed  in 
1886,  under  the  title  of  'Biritch,  or  Russian 
Whist.'  When  I  played  it  for  the  first  time 
in  London,  in  1892,  it  had  already  attained 
some  popularity.  M.  Jean  Boussac  says  that 
the  game  was  introduced  into  Paris  from 
London  in  1893,  and  quotes  a  paragraph 
from  the  Figaro  of  26  November  of  that  year, 
which  gives  a  notice  of  the  game.  I  think  it 
as  well  to  mention  these  dates,  as  the  author 
of  'Badsworth  on  Bridge'  gives  a  circumstan- 
tial account  of  the  first  introduction  of  bridge 
into  England  in  the  year  1894.  F.  JESSEL. 

DANTEIANA  (10th  S.  i.  181). —By  an  un- 
accountable lapsus  oculi,  involving  a  perver- 
sion of  meaning,  I  wrote  "less  restricted  "  in 
the  eleventh  line,  whereas  it  should,  of  course, 
have  been  "Dante's  thought  was  more  re- 
stricted." This,  I  hope,  will  rectify  an  almost 
unpardonable  blunder.  J.  B.  McGovERN. 

St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 

GERVAISE  HOLLES  (10th  S.  i.  208).— -Inquiries 
have  already  been  made  for  the  printed  works 
of  this  noted  antiquary  in  a  complete  form, 
but  without  success  (7th  S.  x.  348).  So  far  as 
I  can  ascertain,  extracts  from  the  MSS.  in  the 
British  Museum  have  appeared  in  the  '  His- 
tory of  Sleaford,'  by  Creasey ;  Thompson's 
*  Boston,'  185G;  and  Weir's  '  Horncastle,' 
1820 ;  the  Stamford  Mercury,  since  the  com- 
mencement of  1864 ;  and  the  Topographer, 
vol.  iii.,  1790.  A  portrait  of  Holies  was 
given  in  the  '  Lincoln  Diocesan  Archaeo- 
logical Papers,'  with  a  biographical  sketch. 
For  this  list  I  am  chiefly  indebted  to  the 
contributors  of  'N.  &  Q.'  on  various  dates 
and  occasions.  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

"MEYNES"   AND    "  RfllNES  "    (10th    S.   i.     49, 

•92,  217). — I  hope  this  may  not  lead  to  a  new 
question.  I  go  by  the  'English  Dialect  Dic- 
tionary,' which  gives  rhine  as  a  Wiltshire 
variant,  with  a  note  that  it  is  there  pro- 
nounced reen  (presumably  riming  with  been). 
And  I  dare  say  some  pronounce  it  as  rine, 
riming  with  line.  But  it  is  not  so  very 
certain  that  all  these  words  arose  from  the 
same  original,  for  our  vowel-sounds  do  not 
wobble  about  wildly,  as  most  people  believe. 
It  is  a  mere  matter  of  curiosity  to  compare 
High  German  forms.  As  a  fact,  not  a  single 


English  dialect-form  is  of  High  German 
origin,  nor  ever  had  any  chance  of  being  so, 
except  (indirectly)  through  Norman.  But  it 
is  possible  that  the  prov.  E.  rine,  a  stream, 
though  absurdly  spelt  rhine  to  look  Greek 
and  "  classical,"  or  else  to  imitate  the  spell- 
ing of  the  German  Rhine,  reallv  represents 
the  A.-S.  ryne,  a  water-course,  the  origin  of 
our  runnel  and  our  prov.  E.  rinlet,  with  the 
same  sense.  This  ryne  is  derived  from  runn-, 
the  weak  grade  of  rinnan,  to  run ;  whilst 
the  High  German  Rinne  is  derived  from  the 
prime-grade  of  the  cognate  Old  High  German 
form.  It  would  very  greatly  conduce  to 
clearness  if  we  could  only  stick  to  English 
(Anglo-Saxon)  forms,  and  let  the  Old  High 
German  slide.  That  is  what  I  would  plead 
for.  When  we  know  the  history  of  our 
English  forms  we  can  compare  the  foreign 
ones  at  leisure,  with  fewer  chances  of  error. 
WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

KIPPLES  (10th  S.  i.  109).— Kipples  is  a  local 
pronunciation  of  the  name  Cupples.  In  his 
'  Halloween  '  Burns  says  : — 

She  gies  the  herd  a  pickle  nits, 

And  twa  red-cheekit  apples, 

To  watch,  while  for  the  barn  she  sets, 

In  hopes  to  see  Tarn  Kipples 

That  very  night. 

Tarn  Kipples,  it  has  been  suggested,  was 
a  son  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  William  Cupples, 
minister  of  Kirkoswald  (1720-52),  where  the 
scene  of  the  poem  is  laid.  Be  this  as  it 
may,  Mr.  Cupples  was  locally  known  as  Mr. 
Kipples,  and  others  of  the  same  name  were 
;o  known  in  Ayrshire  and  elsewhere. 

In  the  same  poem  mention  is  made  of  Rab 
McGrean.  This  is  a  local  form  of  Graeme 
or  Graham.  Burns's  great-grandmother,  a 
Kirkoswald  woman,  was  Janet  McGrean, 
otherwise  Graeme  or  Graham. 

William  Cupples  was  a  well-known  man 
in    his  day,  and    edited    John    Stevenson's 
lurious  tract  '  A  Rare  Soul  -  strengthening 
Jordial '  (Glasgow,  1729,  8vo),  in  which  fre- 
quent reference  is  made  to  his  predecessor 
Elenry  Adam,  minister  of  Kirkoswald  1694- 
1719.  DAVID  MURRAY. 

Glasgow. 

SPANISH  PROVERB  ON  THE  ORANGE  (10th  S. 

.  206). — About  fifty  years  ago  a  farmer  in  the 

county  of  Durham  said  in  my  hearing,  "  The 

ate  Bishop  Barrington  used  to  say,  'Fruit  is 

;old  in  the  morning,  silver  in  the  afternoon, 

nd  lead  at  night' ";  but  I  think  the  episcopal 

utterance  was  not  original,  though  I  cannot 

ust  now  cite  an  earlier  authority.    It  is  such 

i,  usual  thing  for  me  to  refresh  myself  with 

in  orange  about  midnight,  and  to  do  so  with 


252 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES,     do*  s.  i.  MARCH  26,  im 


impunity,  that  I  smile  incredulously  at  the 
foreboding  of  the  last  line  of  the  Spanish 
quatrain.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

NAMELESS  GRAVESTONES  (9th  S.  xii.  504; 
10th  S.  i.  173). — Another  interesting  example 
is  to  be  seen  in  Jesraond  Cemetery,  New- 
castle-upon- Tyne.  It  is  a  square  stone 
pedestal,  about  four  feet  high,  and  upon  it 
are  what  appear  to  be  fragments  of  a  broken 
vase,  carved  out  of  the  solid  stone.  The  foot 
of  the  broken  vase  stands  beside  the  pedestal, 
while  the  body  of  it,  on  which  is  carved  a 
rose  spray,  lies  on  its  side  close  by,  and  the 
handle  and  two  rosebuds,  supposed  to  be 
detached  from  the  spray  by  the  fall,  lie  near 
at  hand.  On  the  southern  face  of  the  stone 
is  the  following  inscription:  "Ad  Urceolum, 
Fceminas,  et  Auricomum,  valde  defletos.  Hunc 
cippum  Pater  Mater  que  dedicant."  The 
cemetery  was  consecrated  in  1836,  but  I 
understand  that  no  record  of  the  erection  of 
this  affecting  monument  can  be  found. 

RICHARD  WELFORD. 

Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

MOON  FOLK-LORE  (10th  S.  i.  125,  175).— In 
Derbyshire  the  lasses  greeted  the  new  moon 
thus : — 

All  hail  to  thee,  moon, 

All  hail  to  thee  ; 

I  pray  thee,  good  moon, 

Reveal  to  me  this  night 

Who  is  my  husband  to  be. 

Not  in  his  riches, 

Not  in  his  array  (=his  best  clothes), 

But  in  his  clothes 

He  wears  every  day. 

To  work  the  charm  properly  the  lass  must 
be  alone,  out  of  doors,  and  as  near  the  moon 
as  she  can  get.  The  latter  condition  was 
met  by  standing  on  a  wall  or  climbing  the 
bars  of  a  five-barred  gate.  She  must  tell  no 
one  what  she  went  out  to  do,  and  must  not 
tell  when  she  returned  what  she  had  done. 
All  these  conditions  properly  carried  out, 
she  would  in  her  sleep  tnat  night  see  her 
"  true  love  "—her  husband  to  be. 

THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 
Worksop. 

There  is  early  evidence  of  moon  folk-lore 
and  superstition.  For  instance,  certain 
fancies  with  regard  to  the  influence  of  the 
moon  on  planting,  sowing,  and  grafting  date 
back  at  least  to  the  fourth  or  fifth  century, 
to  the  time  of  Palladius,  who  wrote  a  book 
on  agriculture,  'De  Re  Rustica,'  or  possibly 
to  (Jolumella,  of  the  first  century  A.D.,  from 
whose  work  Palladius  derived  material.  In 
1872  the  Early  English  Text  Society  pub- 
lished a  Middle  English  translation  of  his 
book  from  a  manuscript  of  about  1420,  under 


the  title  '  Palladius  on  Husbondrie.'  From 
this  work  I  quote  two  lines  (825-6)  as  illus- 
trative of  the  point : — 

To  graffe  and  sowe  in  growing  of  the  moone, 
And  kytte  and  mowe  in  wanying  is  to  doon. 

CHARLES  BUNDY  WILSON. 
The  State  University  of  Iowa,  Iowa  City. 

In  my  childhood  we  had  a  rather  different 
invocation  to  the  new  moon  from  that  given 
by  J.  T.  F.     Ours  ran  as  follows  : — 
New  moon,  new  moon,  I  woo  thee 
In  the  name  of  the  Lord  and  a  fair  ladye  : 
If  I  rnarry  a  man  or  a  man  marry  me, 
In  my  dreams  this  night  may  I  him  see, 
Not  clad  in  his  rags  or  in  his  gay, 
But  in  the  apparel  he  wears  every  day. 

M.  N. 

EPITAPHS  :  THEIR  BIBLIOGRAPHY  (10th  S.  i. 
44,  173,  217). — The  following  books,  not  men- 
tioned in  MR.  MACMICHAEL'S  list,  are  on  my 
shelves  : — 

Pettigrew,  Thomas  Joseph. — Chronicles  of  the 
Tombs :  a  Select  Collection  of  Epitaphs.  Bohn, 
1857. 

A  Select  Collection  of  Epitaphs  and  Monumental 
Inscriptions.  Ipswich,  printed  and  sold  by  J.  Raw, 
1806. 

Andrews,  William.— Curious  Epitaphs.    1899. 

The  numerous  epitaphs  recorded  and  in- 
dexed in  '  N.  &  Q.'  would  alone  form  a  book 
of  no  small  proportions.  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

Not  having  access  to  Mr.  W.  Andrews's 
'  Curious  Epitaphs,'  I  cannot  say  how  many 
of  the  following  are  therein  mentioned  : — 

T.  Caldwell.— Ancient  and  Modern  Epitaphs, 
1796. 

F.  T.  Cansick.— Collection  of  Epitaphs,  3  vols., 
1869  75. 

W.  Henney. — Collection  of  Epitaphs,  1814. 

James  Jones. — Collection  of  Epitaphs,  1727- 

One  Hundred  and  Twenty-six  Sepulchral  Mottos, 
1819. 

A.  J.  Munby.— Faithful  Servants,  1891. 

B.  Richings.— Voices  from  the  Tombs,  1858. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

BATROME  (10th  S.  i.  88,  173).— I  would  sug- 
gest that  "  Batrome  "  or  "  Batram  "  is  merely  a 
variation  of  "  Bertram,"  which  has  frequently 
been  written  and  pronounced  "  Bartram." 
This  in  Northumberland  is  invariably  the 
form  used,  Barty  being  the  diminutive.  In 
the  old  Border  ballad  '  Barthram's  Dirge '  the 
same  form  appears.  HELGA. 

TRAVERS  FAMILY  (10th  S.  i.  208).TMuch 
information  about  this  family  is  contained  in 
"A  Collection  of  Pedigrees  of  the  Family  of 
Travers,  or  Abstracts  of  certain  Documents 
towards  a  History  of  the  Family,  by  S.  Smith 
Travers,  Esq.,  arranged  by  Henry  J.  Sides, 


10*  S.  I.  MAKCH  26,  1904.]        NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


253 


of  the  Bodleian  Library"  (Oxford,  1864).  A 
branch  of  the  family  settled  in  the  time  of 
Henry  III.  at  Nateby  Hall,  Garstang,  in  Lan- 
cashire. (See  Chetham  Soc.,  vol.  cv.) 

HENRY  FISHWICK. 

ANAGRAMS  ON  Pius  X.  (10th  S.  i.  146). — Ana- 
grams on  Giuseppe  Sarto  are  not  difficult  to 
make.  Perhaps  MR.  DODGSON  may  be  in- 
terested in  these  of  mine  : — 

1.  Petrus  is  e  pago,  i.e.,  A  Peter  is  this 
rustic. 

2.  O  Pie,  gratus  spe,  i.e.,  O  Pius,  acceptable 
art  thou  in  thy  hope. 

3.  I,  spes  pura :  tego,  i.e.,  Go  forth,  pure 
hope  :  I  protect  thee. 

4.  At  Ego  spes  puri,  i.e.,  But  I  am  the  hope 
of  the  pure  men. 

5.  Pius,  agros  pete,  i.e.,  Pius,  go  into  the 
country  !  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

losephus  Sarto  spells  ius  paro,  hostes,  "  I 
prepare  the  law,  O  foes  !"  hero  post  ^^lssa, 
"  a  hero  after  the  commands  "  or  "  to  the  lord 
after  the  commandments";  kosportas,  lesu ! 
"  thou  bearest  these  men,  O  lesus  ! "  ius  est 
phos;  ora  !  "law  is  light ;  pray  thou  !  " 

E.  S.  DODGSON. 

ST.  MARY  AXE  :  ST.  MICHAEL  LE  QDERNE 
(9th  S.  x.  425  ;  xi.  110,  231  ;  xii.  170,  253,  351, 
507 ;  10th  S.  i.  89, 157).— I  think  COL.  PRIDEAUX 
will  allow,  on  further  reflection,  that  the 
phrase  "  ubi  bladum  venditur"  will  admit 
of  an  interpretation  allusive  to  a  corn-dealer 
as  well  as  to  a  corn-market ;  and  even  if  it 
could  be  shown  with  certainty  that  "  market" 
were  meant,  most  markets  have  a  beginning 
in  some  individual  retailer's  enterprise — in 
this  case  that  of  a  corn-dealer  as  well  as  of  a 
miller  whose  "  querne "  was  actively  employed 
in  grinding  corn  for  the  neighbourhood. 

J.  H.  MACMICHAEL. 

WILLIAM  HARTLEY  (10th  S.  i.  87, 156, 198).— 
MR.  A.  R.  BAYLEY  supplies  additional  infor- 
mation as  to  Dr.  Joseph  Hartley  which  I  had 
forgotten,  through  lapse  of  time,  though  his 
family  was  related  to  that  of  my  wife.  VVhen 
I  last  met  him,  twenty-five  years  ago,  he  kept 
up  his  connexion  with  Leeds.  In  Walford's 
'County  Families'  for  1901  appears,  "Rev. 
Salter  Saint  George  John,  eldest  son  of 
Lieut. -Col.  Joseph  Hartley,  LL.D.  Cantab., 
of  the  Old  Downs,  Hartley,  Kent."  The 
italics  are  mine.  His  circuit  was  the  south- 
eastern. MISTLETOE. 

THE  ENGLISH  IN  FRANCE  (10th  S.  i.  164).— In 
the  chapel  of  the  Abbey  of  Fontevraud  (which 
is  now  used  as  a  convict  prison)  are  preserved 
the  effigies  of  some  of  our  earlier  kings  and 


queens  who  were  buried  there.  Some  twelve 
years  ago  I  was  saluted  by  a  gamin  in  the 
streets  of  Rouen  with  the  cry  of  "Goddam." 
He  seemed  somewhat  taken  aback  when  I 
thanked  him  with  mock  politeness  for  his 
compliment.  I  believe  this  epithet  to  be  an 
amusing  survival,  though  possibly  not  quite 
of  the  nature  H.  2  is  in  quest  of,  of  the 
English  occupation.  R.  W.  B. 

Boulingrin  remains  a  generic  term  for  lawn 
or  grass-plot  in  France  to  this  day,  and 
boulin  is  a  putting-hole.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

DORSETSHIRE  SNAKE-LORE  (10th  S.  i.  168).— 
One  cannot  but  think  that  RED  CROSS  has 
hit  upon  a  dying  relic  of  serpent  worship. 
Dr.  Phene  could  probably  explain  why  this 
superstition  with  regard  to  snakes  and 
"worms"  never  dying  till  after  sunset 
should  be  prevalent  in  several  counties. 
Indeed,  I  think  in  his  contributions  to  the 
discussions  of  the  archaeological  societies  he 
has  alluded  to  the  subject,  but  I  cannot  say 
where.  In  Miss  Jackson's  '  Shropshire  Folk- 
lore,' 1883,  edited  by  Charlotte  Sophia 
Burne,  it  is  remarked  as  follows  : — 

"  Not  having  a  section  devoted  to  Reptiles,  I 
must  here,  for  want  of  a  better  place,  mention  the 
popular  belief  that  an  adder  can  only  die  at  sunset, 
and  insert  the  Shropshire  saying, 

If  the  ether  'ad  the  blindworm's  ear, 
And  the  blindworm  'ad  the  ether's  eye, 
Neither  Mon  nor  beast  could  safe  pass  by." 

In  the  first  volume  of  the  Folk-lore  Record 
there  is  a  collection  of  West  Sussex  super- 
stitions lingering  in  1868,  by  Charlotte 
Latham,  where  it  it  said  : — 

"  We  believe  in  Sussex  that  a  snake,  though  cut 
in  two,  cannot  die  until  the  sun  has  set,  and  I  have 
heard  of  a  labourer  declaring  that  the  'queer 
marks'  on  the  body  of  the  deaf  adder  could  be 
made  out  to  be 

If  I  could  hear  as  well  as  see, 

No  mortal  man  should  master  me." 

Miss    Jackson    heard     this     version     when 

young  :— 

If  the  adder  could  hear,  and  the  blindworm  could 

see, 
Neither  man  nor  beast  would  ever  go  free. 

The  belief  with  regard  to  "sunset"  is 
probably  owing  in  its  origin  to  the  fact  that 
snakes  die  hard.  To  give  an  instance.  A 
viper  fell  over  the  cliff,  and  was  picked  up  in 
the  belief  that  it  was  a  grass  snake.  It  was 
played  with  for  two  days  by  the  children, 
but  eventually  bit  both  the  discoverer  and 
his  butler,  but  not  before  it  was  supposed  to 
have  been  killed  by  the  drawing-room  poker, 
and  it  was  while  examining  the  apparently 
dead  reptile  that  the  butler  was  bitten.  It 


254 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  L  MABCH  M,  wo*. 


had  been  stunned  only  (Chambers's  Journal, 
Viperiana,'  2  June,  1894). 

J .  HOLDEN  MAcMlCHAEL. 

Devonshire  must  claim  its  share  in  this 
belief.  I  remember  a  great-uncle  of  mine 
killing  an  adder  in  his  garden  at  Foxdown, 
near  Bideford,  and  hanging  him  on  a  branch 
of  a  tree.  The  creature's  head  was  crushed, 
but  I  saw,  or  thought  I  saw,  some  movement 
in  him  an  hour  or  two  afterwards,  and  pointed 
it  out  to  one  of  the  farm  men.  He  answered, 
"They  things  do  never  die  till  sundown." 
This  was  in  the  year  1827.  ALDENHAM. 

This  superstition  does  not  appear  to 
have  been  confined  to  Dorset.  'N.  &  Q.,' 
1st  S.  i.  511,  directed  attention  to  the  fact 
that  it  prevailed  in  Cornwall  and  Devon. 
In  8th  S.  vii.  88  it  is  noted  that  in  Somerset- 
shire a  countryman  said,  "Snakes  don't  never 
die  till  sunset,"  and  the  writer  believed  that 
opinion  was  common  in  Hants  and  South 
Berks.  Another  correspondent  gave  instances 
of  the  belief  in  Lincolnshire,  Jamaica  (1845), 
Virginia,  and  Essex  (1830-40). 

Shakespeare  evidently  was  acquainted 
with  the  difficulty  of  dealing  instantaneous 
doom  to  the  snake,  for  he  makes  Macbeth 
say  :— 

We've  scotch'd  the  snake,  not  kill'd  it; 
She  '11  close,  and  be  herself. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

This  idea  is  not  confined  to  Dorsetshire.  I 
have  often  heard  it  elsewhere  with  regard  to 
lobworms  as  well  as  [snakes,  but  I  cannot 
speak  with  any  certainty  from  my  own  know- 
ledge. G.  T.  SHERBORN. 

Twickenham. 

The  belief  that  a  snake  cannot  die  till 
after  sundown  is,  I  believe,  known  in  many 
counties.  There  is  a  story  in  Lincolnshire 
that  if  you  chop  a  snake  into  fragments  it 
will  wriggle  about  till  it  has  "put  itself 
together  again."  You  should,  therefore,  cut 
it  into  "inch  pieces."  Then  there  is  hope 
that  it  will  not  have  time  to  sort  itself  out 
and  arrange  itself  in  order  before  the  sun 
has  disappeared.  LINCOLN  GREEN. 

I  have  heard  the  superstition  instanced 
at  the  above  reference  stated  as  an  undoubted 
fact  in  South-East  Devon— the  native  country 
of  Ralegh,  Marlborough,  and  Coleridge— 
which  adjoins  the  western  borders  of  Dorset. 

A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

I  am  sorry  to  say  that  when  I  and  other 
lads  in  Derbyshire  came  across  a  snake 
or  deaf-adder,  we  forthwith  battered  the 
life  out  of  the  creatures.  Touch  them  we 


dared  not,  for  the  belief  was  that  they  would 
not  die  until  after  dark,  and  that  if  they  were 
handled  they  would  "  venomen  us." 

THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 

The  belief  is  shared  by  Lincolnshire,  and 
not  unknown  elsewhere.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

"  FIRST  CATCH  YOUR  HARE  "  (9th  S.  xii.  125, 
518:  10th e  S.  i.  175).— As  to  a  "civet,"  no 
doubt  it  is  usually  made  of  hare,  a  "civet  de 
lievre";  but  in  'Le  Cuisinier  a  la  Bonne 
Franquette,'  par  Mique  Grandchamp  (Paris, 
1892),  are  receipts  for  "  Chevreuil  en  civet," 
"Civet  de  .lievre,"  and  "Civet  de  lapin 
domestique,"  pp.  478,  487.  Also  in  the 
'  Manuel  Complet  de  la  Cuisiniere  Bourgeoise,' 
par  Mile.  Catherine)  Paris,  no  date,  but 
modern  and  current),  are  receipts  for  "  Civet 
dechevreuil"  and  "Civet  de  lievre,"  p.  210. 
In  "366  Menus  and  1,200  Recipes  of  the 

Baron  Brisse translated  by  Mrs.  Matthew 

Clark"  (London,  1882),  are  (pp.  19, 275)  receipts 
for  "  Civet  de  chevreuil "  and  "  Civet  de 
lievre."  ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

To  try  to  explain  a  joke,  or  show  that 
there  is  a  joke  at  all,  is  perhaps  a  thankless 
task,  but  I  will  try.  Thank  goodness  !  it  is 
not  one  of  my  own,  or  I  should  not  attempt 
it.  To  my  mind,  what  joke  there  is  in  the 
French  phrase  lies  in  the  superfluousness  of 
the  direction  "prenez  un  lievre,"  in  order  to 
make  a  "cive  de  lievre."  Up  to  a  certain 
point  the  joke  in  English  is  practically  the 
same,  only  the  English  one  is  strengthened 
by  the  recommendation  to  "first  catch  your 
hare,"  the  animal  being  of  course  rather 
difficult  to  catch  (I  presume  it  means  "  en- 
trap," rather  than  "  overtake "  it).  If  we 
were  told  to  "  first  obtain  your  hare,"  there 
would  then  be  no  real  difference  in  the  joke 
in  both  forms,  and  the  advice  would  amount 
to  about  the  same  thing  as  telling  any  one, 
in  a  recipe  for  making  bread,  to  get  some 
flour.  But  there — what,  even  in  the  way  of 
jokes,  is  one  man's  meat  is  another  man's 
poison.  Still,  I  think  the  phrases  mentioned 
are  generally  looked  upon  as  jokes  by  English 
and  French  respectively.  I  wonder  whether 
a  Frenchman  would  not  see  the  joke  in  the 
English  saying.  If  not,  we  could  cry  "quits," 
and  each  keep  his  own  joke  for  his  own 
delectation — not  to  be  exported. 

In  connexion  with  the  French  phrase  M. 
Alexandre  mentions  another  cookery  joke, 
but  expresses  ignorance  as  to  its  source, 
namely,  "  Le  lapin  demande  a  etre  ecorche 
vif ;  le  lievre  prefers,  attendre."  But  if  he 
"  waited  "  he  might  be  "  caught." 

E.  LATHAM. 


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255 


"  FlDE,  SED  CUI  VIDE  "  (10th  S.  i.  87,  154). —  ingly  respectable-looking  man  in  the  corner,  fixing 
According  to  the  '  Royal  Book  of  Crests  of  nis  eyes  on  tne  apparently  fleeting  wires,  nodded  to 
Great  Britain,  Ireland,  Dominion  of  Canada,' '  ""  aa  '1A  m"ttep"1  almiH  '  'Th"m  '"  fllft  ""^  fViaf 

P  /  T  1  -T  -mm- 


us  as  he  muttered  aloud:  ' Them  's  the  cords  that 

Ac.  (London,  James  Macvergh)7preface dated  '  hung  John  TawelL>" 
1883,   this  is,  or  was,  the  motto  of  Astley, 

T*  i  TTT'I   ,  T-v  i  T-»  .         **    * 


A  foot-note  states  that  the  telegram  was  to 


-«~^,      ~.,i.j     io,     v,,.       »» c*o,     i/no    iu\jvu\j    \JL    xiaoicv,  ,1         f    11          •              re      •_ 

Bart.,  Wilts  ;  Bankes  ;  Beaumont  of  Whitley-  | the  fo11(>wing  effect  :~ 

Beaumont,  York;  Birkbeck,  Lond. ;  Green- 

sugh  ;    Reynolds,  Lond.  :    Stapleton,    Ess.  ; 

Stapylton    of    Norton,     Durh  ;    Stapylton,  U1WUS11  au  ,.„  fmmm    _D  „  llt  U110  gai  „  w  „  XUttM4, 

Martin-,  ot  My  ton,  lorks  ;   Watts  of  Abney  with  a  brown  great-coat  on  which  reaches  nearly 

Hall,  Chesh.  to  his  feet.    He  is  in  1 ' 

Bankes  and  Greensugh  appear  in  the  list  second-class  carriage." 

of    mottoes   as    using  "Fide,"  &c.    In    the  One  of  the  earliest  messages  sent  was  the 

'Index  to  Family  Crests'  no  Bankes  family  announcement  of  the  birth  of  the  Duke  of 

appears  with  it.  Edinburgh  in  August,  1844.    This  does  not 

Perhaps  "Greensugh"  is  a  misprint  for  quite  answer  the  late  CAPT.  THORNE  GEORGE'S 

Greenough,  though  in  the  Index  no  Green-  surmise     that     the    wire    from    Slough    to 


"A  murder  has  just  been  committed  at  Salt  Hill, 
and  the  suspected  murderer  was  seen  to  take  a 
first-class  ticket  for  London  by  the  train  which  left 
Slough  at  7.42  P.M.  He  is  in  the  garb  of  a  Quaker, 


to  his  feet.    He  is  in  the  last  compartment  of  the 


ough  appears  with  the  motto. 

Sir  Richard  Beaumont,  of  Whitley,   who 
was  created  a  baronet  in  1628,  died  without 


Paddington  was  a  special  royal  one. 

R.  J.  FYNMORE. 

"  OLD  ENGLAND  "  (10th  S.  i.  189).— This  term, 


EVERARD   HOME   COLEMAN. 

'THE  OXFORD  ENGLISH  DICTIONARY'  (10th 


issue  about  1631.    See  William   Courthope's  ,  .  ~     „  ~  ,  u 

4  Synopsis    of    the    Extinct    Baronetage    of    the  Jat?  Pr"  K  Cobharn  Brewer  explains  in 
England  ,'1835.  ROBERT  PIERPOINT        hls    Dictionary  of   Phrase  and  Fable,    was 

first  used  in  1641,  twenty-one  years  arter  our 

RECORDS  OP  MONASTERY  OF  MOUNT  GRACE   American  colony  of  New  Virginia  received 
LE  EBOR'  (10th  S.   i.  149,  198).— It  would  be  | the  name  of  New  England, 
more  correct  to  call  this  ruin  Mount  Grace 

Priory  than  monastery.    It  belonged  to  the  ,        iHJ£  ^u±u,  j^mma*  1^™*^     .*«- 

Larthusian i  Order,  which  was  strictly  eremiti-    S.  i.  146,  193).-!  quite  agree  with  W.  C.  B. 

fr'oa?a  n-°   c«nobltlcal-    The  article  upon  it    that  "it  is  unscientific  and  unmethodical  to 

8.  ix.  22  was  written  by  me,  and  in-    give  a  book  any  other  name  than  that  which 

cjudes  an  interesting    account,  by  my  late   appears  on  its  title-page,"  and  therefore  I  was 

friend  Thomas  Adolphus  Trollope,  of  a  visit   surprised  when  he  adopted  the  title  (8th  S. 

paid  by  him  m  Company  with  G.  H.  Lewes    xii.  370),  without  protest,  of  'The  Historical 

I  George  Ehofc,  to  Camaldoh  in  the  Apen-    Dictionary  of  the  English  Language'  (in  in- 

nines,   where   a  similar  institution   was    in    verted  commas)  from  the  editorial  note  (ibid., 

xistence  in  1861.    Some  unknown  friend,  on    p.  32i).    I  agree  with  all  that  is  said  in  this 

reading  my  account,  sent  me  a  large  folio   editorial  note  except  the  inference  that  the 

planof  Mount  Grace  Priory  drawn  to  scale,    dedication  calls  the  work  "The"   'H.E.D.' 

bmldmSs    The  dedication  says  "  this  "  historical  Eng- 


than  any  description  can  possibly  do.  lish  dictionary  (without  capitals,  I  contend). 

Nowi™    ™«    i        wH^u  °*CKFOKD>  M-A-     "Note  also  that  the  dedication  to  the  third 
IS  ewbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge.  yolume  ig  by  « the  Universifcy  of  Oxford." 

MANNINGS  AND  TAWELL  (9th  S  xii  148  194'       Many  Sreafc  works  have  several  titles..  That 

229,  277,  310,  433).-There  is  an  additional    to  ?>ar°n  ?on-,  S^m^°ldt  S  v°J-af-eS'  ,F" 
n-~~    _£    i_j. ^  -,  .  .    ^         -  '  at  Pans  in  1810,  has  four  distinct 


item    of    interest    in    this    case    of    Tawell  i  ,  ™ 

hitherto,   I  think,   not  mentioned   by  your    ferenfc,  title-pages.    Many  books  are  known 

correspondents.     I  extract  it  from  'The  Bath    by  tltles  n°fc  .exacfcly  that  of  their  title-pages. 


1899),  p.  110:— 

'''^.he  telegraphist  warned  the  officials  at 
Faddmgton  to  look  out  for  a  man  dressed  like  a 
Quaker.  It  is  a  singular  circumstance  that  the 
original  telegraphic  code  did  not  comprise  any 
.signal  for  the  letter  'Q';  but  the  telegraphist  was 
not  to  be  beaten.  He  spelled  the  word  'Kwaker.' 
feir  .trancis  Head  has  recorded  how  he  was 
travelling  along  the  line,  months  after,  in  a  crowded 
carriage  '  Not  a  word  had  been  spoken  since  the 
ett  London,  but  as  we  neared  Slough  station 

Short-bodied,  short-necked,  short-nosed,  exceed- 


for  'The  O.E.D. :  a  New  English  Dictionary 
on  Historical  Principles.'  [  believe  many 
other  dictionaries  are  called  "new."  One 
will  be  found  on  p.  42  of  Dr.  Murray's 
admirable  treatise  (which  I  shall  not  cite  by 
its  first  title)  '  The  Evolution  of  English 
Lexicography,'  1900. 

We  are  all  striving  for  the  same  end,  the 
benefit  of  the  'Dictionary,'  and  one  of  its 
doughtiest  champions  has  been  the  writer 
of  the  note  on  p.  321  referred  to  above,  which 


256 


NOTES   AND    QUERIES.        [10<»  S.  I.  MARCH  26,  190*. 


note  I  have  had  great  pleasure  in   reading 
again.  KALPH  THOMAS. 

[The  heading  of  a  reply  is  necessarily  the  same 
as  that  of  the  article  referred  to,  and  does  not  indi- 
cate any  preference  on  the  part  of  the  second  con- 
tributor.] 

MARLBOROTJGH  AND  SHAKESPEARE  (10th  S. 
i.  127,  177). —  In  Macaulay's  'History  of 
England '  it  is  said  that  the  education  of 
Marlborough  had  been  so  much  neglected 
that  he  could  not  spell  the  most  common 
words  in  his  own  language.  Macaulay  must 
have  believed  the  anecdote  "  which  only 
dulness  takes  literally."  We  see  from  Pepys 
that  in  the  youth  of  Marlborough  the 
historical  and  other  plays  of  Shakspeare 
were  sometimes  acted,  and  we  can  learn 
from  him  that  they  were  not  so  much 
esteemed  as  those  of  Jonson,  or  so  frequently 
acted  as  those  of  Fletcher.  When  Marl- 
borough  himself  became  great,  the  greatness 
of  Shakspeare  was  beginning  to  be  generally 
recognized ;  but  when  Marlborough  was 
young  few  people  thought  Shakspeare  to  be 
more  than  an  ordinary  playwright. 

E.  YARDLEY. 

ADMIRAL  BYNG  (10th  S.  i.  189).— Probably 
the  selection  by  Admiral  Byng  of  the  title  of 
Torrington  was  prompted  by  the  circum- 
stance of  the  town  having  already  provided 
General  Monk,  who  was  so  created  by 
Charles  II.  at  the  Restoration,  with  the  title 
of  Earl  of  Torrington;  and  it  was  perhaps 
thought  desirable  to  revive  an  extinct  title 
rather  than  to  seek  an  entirely  new  one — a 
choice  which  seems  to  indicate  that  Byng 
was  an  admirer  of  Monk. 

J.    HOLDEN   MAcMlCHAEL. 

IMMORTALITY  OF  ANIMALS  (10th  S.  i.  169).— 
Luther's  belief  in  the  possibility  of  a  future 
state  for  animals  is  affirmed  in  'N.  &  Q.,' 
8th  S.  ii.  233,  where  also  other  authorities  are 
quoted.  It  may  be  interesting  to  add  to  the 
bibliography  of  the  subject  a  book  in  my 
collection  entitled  "Essays  tending  to  prove 
Animal  Restoration.  By  Samuel  Thompson, 
Wesleyan  Minister.  Newcastle :  Edward 
Walker,  Pilgrim  Street.  1830"  (12mo,  235pp.). 
The  preface  is  dated  "Alston,  2nd  November, 
1829."  Mr.  Thompson  was  one  of  two  itinerant 
ministers  stationed  at  Alston,  in  Cumberland 
(the  highest  market  town  in  England),  during 
the  years  1828  and  1829. 

RICHARD  WELFORD. 

"  SoRPENi "  :  "  HAGGOVELE  "  (10th  S.  i.  208). 
—Sorpeniis  explained  in  'The  Chronicle  of 
Jocelin  de  Brakelond,'  ch.  xiii. ;  see  the 
edition  by  Sir  Ernest  Clarke,  p.  151.  His 
note  says  "  payment  for  a  cow  " ;  but  it  is. 


easy  to  assign  the  origin,  if  the  whole  context 
be  considered.  His  translation  is  as  follows : — 

1  There  being  given  to  them  [i.e.,  to  the  burgesses 
by  our  abbot]  another  quittance  from  a  certain 
customary  payment,  which  is  called  f-orpeni,  in 
consideration  of  four  shillings,  payable  at  the  same 
term.  For  the  cellarer  [of  the  abbey]  was  accus- 
tomed to  receive  one  penny  by  the  year  for  every  coiv 
belonging  to  the  men  of  the  town  for  their  duny 
and  pasture,"  &c. 
See  the  whole  passage. 

Sor  obviously  represents  the  prov.  E.  saiir, 
manure  ('E.D.D.'),  from  the  Icel.  saurr, 
excrements.  And  peni  is  penny — i.e.,  money. 
So  that  the  riddle  is  not  difficult ;  it  means 
"payment  for  manure." 

Haggovele  I  can  only  guess  at.  I  take  it 
to  be  a  Southern  spelling  of  a  word  due  to- 
Icel.  hag-fella,  a  field,  from  hagi,  a  hedged 
field,  enclosure,  pasture.  Hence  it  might 
mean  payment  in  respect  of  such  a  field. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

Is  it  possible  that  haggovele  is  hedge-money 
— haga,  Saxon,  a  hedge,  and  veal  ?  Veal  or 
veal-money  was  a  yearly  rent  paid  by  one  of 
the  tithings  within  the  manor  of  Bradford* 
in  Wiltshire,  to  their  lord  the  Marquess  of 
Winchester,  which  was  in  lieu  of  veal  paid 
formerly  in  kind.  It  might  be  a  local  variant 
of  hay-tote  or  hedge-bote,  which  was  a  mulct 
or  recompense  for  hedge-breaking,  or  rather 
a  right  to  take  wood  necessary  for  making 
hedges,  either  by  tenant  for  life  or  for  years, 
though  not  expressed  in  the  grant  or  lease. 
Hagyng  is  in  Scotland  an  enclosure,  a 
hedging :  "Als  gud  hagyng  throucht  the 
cloiss  and  langous  the  hous  syd  "  (see  Jamie- 
son's  'Diet.').  A  haggard  is  not  only  an 
untrained  hawk,  but  also  a  yard  enclosed  by 
a  hag  or  hedge,  and  a  hagman  is  one  who 
gains  his  sustenance  by  cutting  and  selling 
wood  (in  the  North  of  Scotland). 

J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

PANNELL  (9th  S.  xii.  248,  475  ;  10th  S.  i.  172). 
— My  great-grandfather  was  Dr.  Pannell,  of 
Collumpton,  and  his  only  child  was  the  wife 
of  my  grandfather  Davy.  There  was  a  bell- 
foundry  at  Collumpton  carried  on  by  William 
and  Charles  Pannell  at  the  time  mentioned 
by  MR.  CANN  HUGHES,  but  they  were  not 
connexions  of  ours.  They  succeeded  Thomas 
Beilbie,  who  cast  so  many  of  the  West  of, 
England  bells.  The  last  bell  cast  by  the* 
Pannells  was  in  1851.  It  weighs  about  500  lb., 
and  is  now  in  the  possession  of  a  friend  of 
mine  at  Collumpton,  who  also  owns  a  cistern 
head  stamped  "  T.  Beilbie,  1807."  This 
foundry  was  destroyed  some  years  ago.  I 
knew  Mr.  Charles  Pannell,  who  formerly 
lived  in  Torquay.  He  went  from  here  to 


I.  MARCH  26,  1904.]       .  NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


257 


Hyde,  Isle  of  Wight.  Since  then  I  have 
heard  nothing  of  him.  Excepting  this 
gentleman  I  have  never  met  with  the  name 
of  Pannell  in  the  West  of  England  outside 
my  own  family.  A.  J.  DAVY. 

Torquay. 

WILLIAM  OF  WYKEHAM  (10th  S.  i.  222).— 
ME.  R.  C.  BOSTOCK'S  theory  is  that  the  per- 
sons whom  William  of  Wykeham  regarded  as 
his  parents  were  identical  with  John  Launge 
and  his  wife,  who  were  respectively  "  yeoman  " 
and  "  damsel "  to  Queen  Isabella  at  the  time 
of  the  birth  of  her  son  Edward,  afterwards 
King  Edward  III.,  and  who,  being  the  first 
to  bring  to  King  Edward  II.  the  news  of  the 
birth,  were  rewarded  with  the  grant  of  an 
annuity  of  801.  for  their  lives,  to  De  paid  out 
of  the  farm  of  the  City  of  London  by  the 
sheriffs  ('Calendar  of  Patent  Rolls,  1307-13,' 
p.  519).  MR.  BOSTOCK  can  hardly  be  aware 
that  on  21  October,  1331,  John  Launge  and 
his  wife  surrendered  this  annuity  and  its 
arrears*  in  consideration  of  300/.  to  be  paid 
at  the  Exchequer  by  instalments,  and  that 
between  the  grant  of  the  annuity  and  its 
surrender  this  same  John  Launge  received 
the  honour  of  knighthood  ('Calendar  of 
Patent  Rolls,  1330-34,'  p.  187).  To  accept 
ME.  BOSTOCK'S  theory  about  William  of 
Wykeham's  parentage  it  is  necessary  to  sup- 
pose that,  though  his  reputed  father  was  a 
knight,  the  fact  that  he  received  knighthood 
escaped  the  notice  of  the  bishop  himself,  as 
well  as  of  his  contemporaries  and  earliest 
biographers.  ME.  BOSTOCK  unfortunately 
follows  Miss  Strickland  in  giving  Isabel  as 
the  name  of  Sir  John  Launge's  wife.  The 
above  mentioned  '  Calendars '  show  that  her 
real  name  was  Joan.  H.  C. 

QUOTATIONS  (10th  S.  i.  190).— The  quotation 
"And  better  death,"  &c.,  is  to  be  found  in 
the  Poet  Laureate's  sonnet  entitled  'Love's 
Wisdom.'  C.  TUENEE  ROOM. 

7,  Cromwell  Place,  Highgate,  N. 

LONDON  RUBBISH  AT  Moscow  (10th  S.  i.  208). 
—Particular  reference  is  made  to  the  "  heap 
of  rubbish "  at  Battle  Bridge  in  Mr.  F. 
Miller's  'History  of  St.  Pancras,  Past  and 
Present,'  published  (if  I  remember  rightly} 
about  thirty  years  ago,  and  dedicated  to  the 
late  George  Cruikshank,  who  was  an  old 
resident  in  that  parish.  Not  having  the 
work  before  me,  I  am  unable  to  give  an 
extract.  The  account,  however,  is  of  a  some- 
what romantic  character,  and  varies  consider- 


*  The  annuity  remained  wholly  unpaid  down  to 
1322  ('Calendar  of  Close  Rolls,  1318-23,'  p.  611). 


ably  from  that  contained  in  the  extract  from 
ihe  St.  James's  Gazette.        J.  BASIL  BIRCH. 
54,  Eade  Road,  Finsbury  Park. 

Perhaps  this  story  may  be  grounded  on  the 
account  of  the  removal  of  gravel  from  Orme 
Square,  Bayswater,  for  which  see  8th  S.  x.  35. 

W.  C.  B. 

OUR  OLDEST  PUBLIC  SCHOOL  (10th  S.  i.  166, 
215). — Another  school,  now  known  to  be  far 
older  than  was  formerly  supposed,  is  King 
Edward's  School,  Stratford-on-Avon,  which 
in  all  probability  educated  William  Shake- 
speare in  1571-8,  Walter  Roche,  Fellow  of 
C.C.C.,  Oxon,  being  at  that  time  master. 
The  school  prospectus  states  that  it  was 
founded  before  1400  by  the  Guild  of  the 
Holy  Cross,  endowed  in  1482  by  Thomas 
Jqllyfie,  and  received  its  charter  in  1553  from 
King  Edward  VI.  But  Mr.  A.  F.  Leach  has 
discovered  the  fact  that,  as  early  as  1295, 
a  schoolmaster  was  ordained  deacon  with 
William  of  Grenefield,  rector  of  Stratford, 
and  afterwards  Lord  High  Chancellor  and 
Archbishop  of  York.  He  has  also  practically 
proved  that  Richard  Foxe,  afterwards  Lord 
Privy  Seal,  Bishop  of  Winchester,  and 
founder  of  C.C.C.,  Oxon,  was  master  there 
from  1477  to  1482.  The  beautiful  old  build- 
ings, which  still  exist,  adjoining  the  Guild 
Chapel  and  near  the  site  of  Shakespeare's 
house,  New  Place,  were  erected  1424-5. 

A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

Nearly  all  the  greater  monasteries  had 
schools  for  the  boys  of  the  neighbourhood, 
and  many  of  the  present  cathedral  and 
grammar  schools  are  practically  continua- 
tions of  previous  monastic  provisions.  Docu- 
mentary evidence  may  not  be  always  forth- 
coming ;  but  it  would  not  be  easy  to  decide 
that  this  or  that  is  the  "  oldest  public  school." 

The  present  grammar  school  at  Evesham 
has  an  endowment  of  not  more  than  101.  a 
year,  being  the  sum  allowed  by  Henry  VIII. 
on  the  dissolution  of  Evesham  Abbey,  which 
was  founded  in  703.  W.  C.  B. 

WILLIAM  WILLIE  (10th  S.  i.  67).— I  cannot 
state  that  I  have  ever  been  acquainted  with 
any  one  bearing  what  might  be  called  a 
"  double  name."  But  I  have  personal  know- 
ledge of  what  might  be  called  "duplicate 
names  "  in  the  same  family.  My  mother  was 
a  native  of  Truro,  and  her  parents  had  eleven 
children,  but  only  nine  names,  thus  indicat- 
ing there  were  two  duplicate  names  in  the 
family.  There  were  two  Mary  Anns ;  the 
first  one  dying  in  infancy,  the  second  suc- 
ceeded to  the  name  and  place  of  the  former. 
There  were  also  two  Emmas,  the  first  one 


258 


NOTES   AND    QUERIES.        [10«-  S.  1.  MARCH  26,  1904. 


dying  an  infant,  the  second  attaining  the 
age  of  thirty-one.  The  second  Mary  Ann 
married  a  native  of  Exeter,  by  whom  she  had 
seven  children,  six  boys  and  one  girl.  But 
there  were  only  five  names  in  the  family, 
there  being  two  duplicate  names.  The  fourth 
child  was  named  Charles  Augustus,  and  the 
fifth  Francis  Adolphus.  But  before  the  sixth 
made  his  appearance  Charles  Augustus  had 
died,  so  when  the  sixth  child  was  born  he  was 
named  to  succeed  Charles  Augustus.  Again, 
before  the  seventh  child  was  born,  Francis 
Adolphus,  the  fifth  child,  also  died,  and  at 
the  birth  of  the  seventh  he  was  named  to 
succeed  Francis  Adolphus,  the  fifth  child. 
So  in  this  we  have  the  second  Francis 
Adolphus  of  the  same  family  being  a  son  of 
the  second  Mary  Ann  of  the  same  family. 

This  second  Francis  Adolphus  is  the  writer 
of  this  note.  It  would  seem  as  if  my  parents 
did  not  have  enough  names  to  "go  round." 
Whether  this  is  a  custom  in  the  West 
Country  I  have  no  knowledge.  So  far  as  my 
experience  goes  I  have  found  no  similar 
example  of  "  duplicate  names." 

But  as  to  two  persons  in  the  same  family 
with  similar  names  living  at  the  same  time, 
I  have  never  heard  of  it. 

FRANCIS  ADOLPHUS  HOPKINS. 

Los  Angeles,  California,  U.S. 

[For  brothers  bearing  the  same  Christian  name 
see  9th  S.  i.  446  ;  ii.  51,  217,  276,  535 ;  iii.  34,  438 ;  vi. 
174 ;  vii.  5.  91 ;  and  sisters,  2nd  S.  v.  307 ;  9th  S.  vii. 
436.] 

"AN  AUSTRIAN  ARMY"  (10th  S.  i.  148,  211).— 
I  am  glad  that  URLLAD  confirms  my  state- 
ment about  these  lines  having  first  appeared 
in  the  Trifler,  7  May,  1817 ;  and  if  so,  I  venture 
to  think  it  disposes  of  several  of  MR.  COLE- 
MAN'S  suggestions  as  to  the  authorship. 

G.  C.  W. 

HISTORICAL  GEOGRAPHY  OF  LONDON  (10th 
S.  i.  208).  — The  Middlesex  section  of  the 
'Victoria  History'  would,  one  might  expect, 
include  such  a  geographical  history  and 
review  of  the  growth  of  London.  As  one 
greatly  interested  in  Middlesex,  including 
London,  and  being  engaged  at  present  in 
compiling  a  work  on  old  Middlesex  families, 
I  should  be  glad  to  assist  in  such  a  work  as 
suggested.  From  a  business  point  of  view  I 
hardly  think  that  the  undertaking  could  be 
profitable  if  copies  were  offered  at  Is.  each. 
FRED.  HITCHIN-KEMP. 

6,  Beechfield  Road,  Catford,  S.E. 

GENEALOGY  :  NEW  SOURCES  (10th  S.  i.  187, 
218). — It  does  not  seem  to  be  known  that  the 
church  St.  Peter  ad  Vincula  was  a  Peculiar 
Jurisdiction  for  testamentary  matters  in  the 


sixteenth  and  seventeenth  centuries.  The 
'Return'  of  1830  does  not  mention  it,  but 
'  Old  and  New  London '  gives  it  as  being  free 
from  episcopal  authority  till  the  time  of 
Edward  VI.  In  the  Bodleian  Library  they 
have  a  register  of  this  court  covering  the 
years  1586-1614  and  1660-5.  An  index  to 
the  contents  of  this  book  is  in  my  posses- 
sion. Nothing  is  known  of  the  other  records 
of  this  court  at  the  Public  Record  Office. 
GERALD  MARSHALL. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 
Duchess  Sarah  :   being  the  Social   History  of  the 

Times  of  Sarah  J  Minings,  Duchess  of  Marlboroiigh. 

By  One  of  her  Descendants  (Mrs.  Arthur  Col- 

ville).     (Longmans  &  Co.) 

ONE  of  the  features  of  modern  literature  consists 
in  the  biographies  of  women  of  rank,  "  Queens  of 
Tears,"  "Uncrowned  Queens,"  royal  favourites, 
and  others,  whose  position  in  history  has  generally 
been  eclipsed  by  that  of  their  husbands  or  pro- 
tectors. Among  uncrowned  celebritips  of  this  sex 
must  certainly  be  counted  Sarali  Jennings,  Duchess 
of  Marlborough,  the  Mrs.  Freeman  to  the  Mrs. 
Morley  of  Queen  Anne,  and  the  woman  possibly  of 
most  importance  of  the  pre-Georgian  era.  So  great 
was  the  influence  she  exercised  conjointly  with  her 
husband,  that  it  is  difficult  to  dissociate  her  from 
the  history  of  her  epoch.  It  is  only  her  early  life, 
indeed,  when  signs  of  her  coming  greatness  were 
not  easily  traced,  and  the  period  after  the  death  of 
her  husband  and  her  own  loss  of  influence,  which 
was  passed  in  feuds  and  lawsuits,  that  are  easily 
disentangled  from  historic  records  and  discussions 
of  statecraft. 

Tracing  as  she  does  her  ancestor  from  her  early 
life  to  the  close,  Mrs.  Colville  begins  by  placing  us- 
in  a  world  depicted  by  Anthony  Hamilton,  and 
ends  by  leaving  us  in  one  far  less  interesting,  the 
authorities  for  which  are  Fielding,  Coxe,  Hooke, 
and  Ralph.  Her  book  is  avowedly  an  apologia  for 
the  great  Duchess,  and  is  undertaken  lest  some  one 
less  reverent  and  sympathetic  should  deal  with  the 
materials  collected.  That  the  work  will  go  far  to 
change  the  general  estimate  concerning  one  of  the 
cleverest,  shrewdest,  most  wrongheaded,  intem- 
perate, and  pugnacious  of  women  is  not  to  be 
anticipated.  What  is  said,  however,  about  her 
good  -  heartedness  and  the  qualities  to  be  dis- 
covered behind  her  aggressive  and,  as  we  hold, 
vindictive  disposition  may  be  read,  and  must  exer- 
cise such  influence  as  it  may.  It  may  at  least  be 
maintained  that  a  book  for  which  its  author  claims 
no  great  measure  of  literary  craftsmanship  can  be 
perused  with  sustained  interest  and  pleasure,  and 
has  few  dull  pages.  The  pictures  of  life  at  various 
epochs  are  animated,  and  the  portraits  of  those 
with  whom  Sarah  Jennings  was  thrown  into  asso- 
ciation are  animated  and  often  faithful.  Born  in 
1660,  the  year  of  Restoration,  Sarah  was  twelve 
years  of  age  when  she  made  her  first  appearance 
at  the  least  decorous,  if  not  the  most  dissi- 
pated Court  in  Europe,  that  of  St.  James's. 
Her  hair,  like  that  of  her  mother,  when  both 
arrived  at  the  Palace,  was  arranged,  we  are  told, 
lat  on  the  top  of  her  head  in  natural  curls,  slightly 


10'"  S.  I.  MARCH  26, 1904.]         NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


259 


frizzed  at  the  side.  This  style  was  due  to  Mile.  d< 
Fontanges,  after  whom  it  was  named.  Her  hai 
coming  down  when  she  was  riding  with  Louis  XIV. 
she  tied  it  up  with  her  garter.  Fascinated  wit! 
the  effect,  the  king  bade  her  wear  it  that  way,  anc 
so  brought  the  style  into  fashion.  Not  long  hat 
the  juvenile  Sarah  been  at  Court  before  she  showec 
unconquerable  temper,  and  worsted  her  mother  in 
a  fierce  battle.  She  was  but  fifteen  when  sh 
conquered  John  Churchill,  and,  in  spite  of  the 
opposition  of  his  father,  the  engagement  was 
speedily  announced,  and  in  1678,  when  she  was 
eighteen  and  he  ten  years  older,  they  were  privately 
married.  \Vhen,  in  1688,  Lady  Churchill  and  her 
then  dear  friend  Princess  (afterwards  Queen)  Anne 
fled  from  Court  to  the  Earl  of  Northampton's,  they 
were  waited  upon  by  Colley  Cibber,  who  was 
strangely  fascinated  by  Lady  Churchill.  Very 
bright  are  the  pictures  of  Queen  Mary,  whose 
gaiety  during  the  coronation  period  brought  on  her 
the  implied  censure  of  Evelyn  and  the  open  con 
demnation  of  Burnet.  Among  many  interesting 
documents  preserved  in  appendixes  is  a  very 
favourable  character  of  the  Duchess  by  Mr.  Mayn- 
waring,  unfortunately  unfinished,  from  the  Coxe 
papers.  What  is  specially  commended  in  her  is 
modesty,  a  virtue  that  might  well  stand  out  con- 
spicuously in  a  Stuart  Court.  The  famous  song 
written  after  Malplaquet  on  a  report  of  the  death 
of  Marlborough, 

Malbrook  s'en  va-t-en  guerre, 
is  also  quoted.  In  a  very  readable  and  entertaining 
volume  the  illustrations  are  an  attractive  feature. 
These  include  portraits  of  Charles  II.,  James  II., 
Queen  Mary  II.,  King  William  III.,  George,  Prince 
of  Denmark,  Princess  Anne,  George  I.,  George  II. , 
and,  of  course,  the  heroine,  after  Kneller.  A  few 
misprints  call  for  revision.  "  Cussons's  "  '  History  of 
Hertfordshire  '  should  be  Cussans's.  As  a  whole  the 
book  is  commendably  correct. 

Great  Masters.  Part  XI.  (Heinemann.) 
OF  'The  Syndics'  ('De  Staalmeesters ')  of  Rem- 
brandt, which  constitutes  the  first  illustration  in  the 
latest  part  of  '  Great  Masters,'  Sir  Martin  Conway 
declares  that  it  is  in  its  line  the  finest  picture  in  the 
world.  This  criticism  will  find  general  acceptance. 
Sir  Martin  speaks  of  its  type  as  representing  the 
dignity  of  a  bye  (sic)  gone  age.  What  is  a  bye 
gone  age?  The  reproduction  is  magnificent.  Hopp- 
ner's  '  The  Sisters '  presents  two  of  the  nineteen 
children  of  Admiral  Sir  Thomas  Frankland,  of 
Thirkleby,  and  the  plate  is  every  whit  as  fine  as 
the  engraving  by  \\  ard,  which  sold  recently  for 
500  guineas.  Van  Dyck's  'Philip,  Fourth  Baron 
Wharton,'  is  from  the  Hermitage  Gallery, 
St.  Petersburg.  It  was  painted  in  1632,  and  is  in 
Van  Dyck's  best  style.  Last  comes  Botticelli's 
marvellous  'Mother  and  Child,  with  Angels,'  from 
the  Raczynski  collection,  Berlin. 

Handbook  for  Yorkshire.  (Stanford.) 
THE  fourth  edition  of  '  Murray's  Handbook  for 
Yorkshire'  has  been  revised  and  remodelled,  and 
is  now  issued  with  28  maps  and  plans.  It  is  in 
regard  to  maps  and  plans  of  towns,  £c.,  that  im- 
provement is  principally  to  be  noted.  In  large 
industrial  centres— such  as  Leeds,  Sheffield,  Brad- 
ford, Huddersfield,  Halifax,  &c. — great  changes 
have  been  made,  but  the  Yorkshire  of  the  tourist, 
the  dales  of  the  Ure  and  the  Swale,  Clapham, 
Ingleton,  Settle,  and  the  border  lands  of  Durham 


and  Westmorland,  retain  their  old  features  and 
charm.  In  connexion  with  Grewelthorpe,  p.  320, 
it  might  be  mentioned  that  a  delightful  cream 
cheese  is,  or  used  to  be,  made  there.  Farnley  Hall, 
p.  412,  is,  of  course,  the  seat  of  the  Fawkeses.  A 
second  Farnley  Hall,  not  named  here,  is  mentioned 
in  '  Cassell's  Gazetteer.'  This  used  to  exist  about 
three  miles  west  of  Leeds.  Has  it  disappeared  ? 
The  'Handbook'  retains  its  not  very  seriously 
contested  supremacy. 

Examination   of  an  Old  Manuscript.     By  T.  Le 

Marchant  Douse.  (Taylor  &  Francis.) 
THE  old  manuscript  to  which  Mr.  Douse  has  devoted 
a  slim  quarto  is  the  first  leaf  of  an  anonymous  work» 
which  has  sometimes  been  called,  though  with 
little  reason,  '  The  Conference  of  Pleasure.'  It  is; 
preserved  in  the  library  of  the  Duke  of  North- 
umberland at  Alnwick.  The  editor  gives  a  fac- 
simile of  this  page,  partly  burnt  at  the  edges,  which 
shows  it  to  be  closely  scribbled  over  with  a  con- 
fusion of  words,  names,  and  fragmentary  tags  of 
lines.  With  a  good  deal  of  ingenuity  he  comes  to- 
the  conclusion,  from  a  patient  examination  of  the 
names  mentioned,  which  include  those  of  Shake- 
speare, Bacon,  Sidney,  Nash,  and  Essex,  that  the 
scribbler  was  none  other  than  John  Davies,  of 
Hereford,  who  is  known  to  have  been  on  friendly 
terms  with  all  these  personages.  Voila  tout ! 

Place-names  of  Scotland.    By  James  B.  Johnston, 

B.D.     (Edinburgh,  Douglas.) 
Manx  Names.    By  A.  W.  Moore,  M.A.    (Stock.) 
THESE  two  excellent  manuals  on  the  origin  of  names- 
in  different  families  of  the  Celtic  stock  have  simul 
taneously  attained  to  a  second  edition,   as  they 
deserved  to  do.     Mr.  Johnston  has  been  able  to- 
improve  his  book  by  the  addition  of  some  new 
matter  contributed  by  Dr.  McBain,  Sir  Herbert 
Maxwell,  and  other  Gaelic  scholars,  but  the  num- 
ber of  alternative  derivations  by  which  a  name  can" 
still  be  accounted  for  "another  way"  shows  how 
difficult  and   indeterminate  the  science   of   local 
etymology  is,  and  perhaps  in  many  cases  must  ever 
be,  w_here  early  authorities  are  not  forthcoming. 
This  improved  edition  of  Mr.  Johnston's  work  still 
leaves  something  to  be  desired  in  the  matter  of 
editing.    In  his  introduction,  e.g.  (p.  xyi),  he  calls- 
our  attention  to  three  words  of  special  interest, 
which  Dr.  Murray  would  do  well  to  take  account 
of,  and  for  these  he  refers  us  to  the  name  list  in 
the  body  of  the  book.    We  turn  to  the  place  indi- 
cated for  the  first  of  these  three  interesting  words,, 
which  is  Ben,  and  find  there  is  no  such  entry ;  so- 
;hat  Dr.  Murray  and  ourselves  will  have  to  possess- 
our  souls  in  patience  till  the  third  edition  shall 
nform  us  what  we  ought  to  know  about  Ben.    The 
author  succumbs  to  the  temptation  of  identifying: 
lager,  the  tidal  wave,  with  the  Old  Eng.  egor  (p.  116), 
n  which  he  has  the  Oxford  lexicographer  against 
lim  and  Prof.  Skeat  to  boot. 

Mr.  Moore's  account  of  Manx  names  has  already- 
won  a  place  for  itself  in  the  library  of  books  on 
words  and  places  so  happily  inaugurated  by  the 
"ate  Canon  Taylor  and  Dr.  Joyce.  Some  valuable 
suggestions  from  Prof.  Zimmer  have  been  incor- 
porated in  this  new  edition,  and  a  commendatory 
>reface  has  been  contributed  by  Prof.  Rhys,  in 
which  he  propounds  a  new  explanation  of  the 
muzzling  name  of  the  local  parliament,  "  the  House 
>f  Keys."  He  proposes  to  see  in  "Keys"  merely 
n  Anglicized  rendering  of  the  Manx  Kiare-as 


260 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  i.  MARCH  20, 190*. 


{pronounced  something  like  Karus),  standing  for 
Kiare-as-Feed,  "Four-and-Twenty,"  which  was  the 
number  of  its  members.  The  transformation  would 
have  been  easier  in  former  times,  when  "Keys" 
was  always  pronounced  Kays.  We  may  add  that 
those  who  are  keen  about  the  origin  of  surnames 
will  find  much  to  interest  them  in  these  two 
volumes. 

Ancient  Calendars  and  Constellations.    By  the  Hon. 

Emmeline  M.  Plunket.  (Murray.) 
BY  "ancient"  is  here  meant  Babylonian,  Egyptian, 
and  Indian.  It  has  long  been  recognized  that  the 
zodiacal  constellations  (on  the  places  of  the  sun 
and  moon  in  which  all  calendar-making  is  and 
must  be  founded)  originated  with  the  star-observers 
in  the  Euphratean  valley.  But  there  are  difficulties 
connected  with  the  subject  in  consequence  of  the 
changes  produced  by  the  precession  of  the  equi- 
noxes, which  Miss  Plunket  has  fully  grasped,  and 
on  which  she  has  brought  forward  some  helpful 
suggestions.  The  work  is  chiefly  a  collection  of 
papers  contributed  by  her  to  the  Proceedings  of 
the  Society  of  Biblical  Archaeology,  and  the  volume 
gives  a  view  of  all  that  is  now  known  respecting 
the  very  interesting  subject  of  which  it  treats. 
The  days  are  long  gone  by  since  Sir  G.  Cornewall 
Lewis  endeavoured  to  throw  doubt  upon  the  results 
of  decipherment  (then  only  in  its  infancy)  of  the 
cuneiform  inscriptions,  whole  libraries  of  which 
are  now  in  our  hands. 

The  First  Volume  of  the  Conway  Parish  Registers, 
in  the  Rural  Deanery  of  Arllechwedd,  Diocese  of 
Bangor,  Caernarvonshire,  1541  to  1793.  (Clark.) 
Miss  HADLEY  has  edited  the  Conway  parish  regis- 
ters with  great  care.  The  labour  of  transcription 
must  have  been  very  wearisome,  as  the  documents 
are  some  of  them  faded.  They  also  abound  in 
contractions,  and  three  languages — Latin,  Welsh, 
and  English — have  been  employed.  The  present 
volume,  though  covering  upwards  of  two  centuries 
.and  a  half,  does  not  contain  the  weddings  after 
1753,  when  the  new  marriage  law,  as  it  was  called, 
came  into  force.  We  are,  however,  promised  these 
marriages  in  due  time.  May  we  suggest  that  when 
this  register  is  copied  for  the  printer  the  names  of 
the  witnesses  should  on  no  account  be  omitted? 
They  are  often  very  important,  as  furnishing  sug- 
gestions of  family  relationships,  which  not  infre- 
quently direct  to  evidences  of  pedigree  which  would 
otherwise  have  failed  to  come  to  light. 

The  editor  in  her  introduction  gives  useful 
notes  on  the  history  of  Conway.  From  1172  to 
1284  it  was  the  site  of  a  Cistercian  abbey,  around 
which  a  flourishing  town  soon  grew  up.  When, 
however,  Edward  I.  established  his  rule  over  Wales 
he  drove  away  the  native  population,  and,  with 
•what  they  must  have  regarded  as  high-handed 
injustice,  peopled  the  town  with  Englishmen.  From 
what  part  of  his  ancestral  dominions  he  gathered 
his  new  settlers  Miss  Hadley  does  not  tell  us. 
There  is  probably  no  evidence  on  the  matter.  The 
^inonks  were  also  removed,  but  in  their  case  it  cannot 
be  regarded  as  an  act  of  confiscation,  as  they  were 
settled  at  Maenan,  some  ten  miles  away.  When  this 
removal  took  place  the  monastic  church  was  made 
parochial.  To  what  extent  it  suffered  by  the  change 
is  not  clear.  We  imagine  it  passed  lightly  through 
storms  of  the  Tudor  period  and  the  wars  of  the 
•seventeenth  century,  and  that  the  changes  the 
modern  archaeologist  deplores  are  mainly  due  to 


the  neglect  of  Georgian  officialism  and  the  crass 
ignorance  of  the  restorers  of  later  days. 

In  the  Conway  registers,  as  is  the  case  with  nearly 
all  such  documents  when  they  extend  back  to  an 
early  period,  there  are  blanks.  Here  we  find 
that  several  years  at  the  end  of  the  sixteenth  and 
beginning  of  the  seventeenth  century  have  not 
been  filled  in.  This  neglect  was  probably  due  to 
the  plague,  which  nearly  depopulated  Conway 
during  the  ten  years  between  1597  and  1607.  It  is 
interesting  to  find  that  in  Wales,  as  we  believe 
to  be  the  case  in  Scotland,  the  burial  entries  regard- 
ing married  women  record  their  maiden  names  as 
well  as  the  surnames  of  their  husbands.  Had  this 
been  the  custom  in  England  it  would  have  been 
a  great  help  to  genealogists.  The  index  of  names 
seems  accurate  and  complete ;  but  we  are  sorry 
that  it  gives  surnames  only.  In  cases  of  common 
names,  such  as  Hughes,  Jones,  Lloyd,  and  Williams, 
this  is  the  cause  of  great  inconvenience.  There  is, 
moreover,  an  index  of  trades  and  professions  men- 
tioned in  the  registers  which  will  be  found  of 
service. 

Miss  Hadley  gives  a  valuable  addition  not  pro- 
mised on  the  title-page,  that  is,  all  the  monumental 
inscriptions  which  occur  inside  the  church.  We 
give  one  of  them  here,  as  it  may  interest  our 
American  readers  :  "  Annae  uxori  Thomas  Apthorp 
Armig.  que  annum  tricessimum  agens  decessit 
Septr.  28  MDCCLXXXIV.  maritus  americanus  ob  fidem 
regi  debitam  proscriptus  morens  P."  The  inscrip- 
tions in  the  churchyard,  which  are  not  given,  are, 
we  understand,  numerous.  We  trust  they  are 
reserved  for  a  future  volume. 


ia 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 

Eut  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
eading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which    they   refer.      Correspondents    who   repeat 
queries   are    requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "  Duplicate." 

CLKRICUS. — Tennyson  refers  to  Margaret  Roper, 
the  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  More,  who  is  said  to 
have  secured  his  head  after  his  execution  and  kept 
it  till  her  death. 

W.  H.  R.-Will  be  duly  inserted. 
NOTICK. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'"— Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
lisher"—at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  E.G. 

We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
communications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do  not 
print;  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


10*  S.I.  MARCH  26,  1904.]          NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


NOTICE.— FRIDAY  NEXT  being  GOOD 
FRIDAY,  NOTES  and  QUERIES  will  be 
published  on  THURSDAY,  at  10  o'clock.— 
ADVERTISEMENTS  should  be  at  the  Office 
not  later  than  5  o'clock  on  TUESDAY  After- 
noon. 

NOTES  AND  QUERIES.—  The  SUBSCRIPTIOiS' 
to  NOTES  AND  QUERIES  tree  by  post  is  10s.  3d.  for  Six  Months  ; 
or  20s.  W.  tor  Twelve  Months,  including  the  Volume  Index.— JOHN  C. 

FRANCIS,  .Votes  awii  litwriM Office,  Bream's  Buildings, Chancery  Lane. 

OWNERS  of  GENUINE   SPECIMENS  of   OLD 
ENGLISH  FURNITURE,  OLD  PICTURES,  OLD  CHINA,  OLD 
SILVER,  &c.,  who   desire    to    DISPOSE   of   same  PRIVATELY  are 
invited  to  send  particulars  to  HAMPTON  &  SONS,  Pall  Mall  East,  who 
are  always  prepared  to  give  full  value  for  interesting  Examples. 

WILL   PERSONS  who  wish   to   have   GENEA- 
LOOICAL   WORK   DONE,  either  In  Town  or  Country,    on 
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Abbreviated  Latin  Documents  Copied,  Extended;  and  Translated. 

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.  i.  APKIL  2,  i9ot]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


261 


LONDON,  SATl'lWAY,  APRIL  ?,  1304. 


CONTENTS.-No.  14. 

NOTES  :— Scotch  Words  and  English  Commentators,  261— 
Westminster  Changes,  263  —  Ainoo  and  Baskish,  264  — 
Bibliography  of  Easter,  265 —  Easter  Sepulchre — Korean 
and  Manchurian  Names,  265— "  Mosky  "—Parish  Register 
to  stop  a  Hat's  Hole -Disguised  Murderer  in  Folk-lore- 
Lincolnshire  Jingle,  266. 

QUERIES  :— Gahriel  Harvey's  Books— Sir  C.  Hatton's  Title 
—Louis  XVII.— MSS.  of  the  late  Mr.  Stacey  Grimaldi— 
Rubens's  •  Palaces  of  Genoa,'  267— Ellison  Family—'  Death 
of  Bozzari.s  ' — Battlefield  Sayings— Dr.  Hall — Inscription 
on  Museum — jEsop— Patience,  Card  Game — Latin  Lines — 
Prints  and  Engravings,  268  —  Robertson  Family  — The 
Cave,  Hornsey— Rowe  Family  —  "  Tugs,"  Wykehamical 
Notion — American  Loyalists — Admiral  Hopson— Puns  at 
the  Haymarket— Samuel  Haynes,  269. 

REPLIES  :  -  Our  Oldest  Public  School,  269-Chelfea  Physic 
Garden,  270 — "Go  for" — Guide  to  Manor  Rolls— Soulac 
Abbey  —  Dickens  Queries— Yeoman  of  the  Crown,  272 — 
Cobweb  Pills,  273— Capt.  Cuttle— Tickling  Trout— Leche 
Family  — Honour  of  Ttifbury,  274— Manitoba  — Penrith— 
Penn's  '  Fruits  of  Solitude ' — Authors  Wanted — "  Hanged, 
drawn,  and  quartered,"  275 — "  King  of  Patterdale  " — '•  As 
merry  as  Giiggs,"  276— "An  Austrian  army" — Foscarinus 
— "  He  who  knows  not " — Franco-German  War— Boer  War 
of  1881— Mess  Dress :  Sergeants'  Sashes,  277— William  of 
Wykeham— Samuel  Shelley— The  Cope— First  Steam  Rail- 
way Train— Last  of  the  War  Bow— Tideswell  and  Tides- 
low,  278. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :-Mantzius's  'History  of  Theatrical 
Art ' — Swan's  '  Dictionary  of  Contemporary  Quotations ' — 
'Devon  Notes  and  Queries' — 'Rules  for  Compositors  at 
the  Clarendon  Press.' 

Obituary :— Dr.  F.  S.  Creswell ;  Mr.  H.  J.  Moule. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


SCOTCH   WORDS    AND    ENGLISH 
COMMENTATORS. 
(See  9th  S.  xi.  i.) 

IT  has  recently  become  fashionable  to  write 
biographies  of  Burns,  to  announce  theories 
of  the  poet's  literary  art,  and  to  edit  his  works 
as  a  whole  or  in  selections.  Such  exercises 
are  probably  in  demand,  or  they  would  not 
be  so  numerous  ;  but  it  is  surprising  to  find 
that  there  is  room  for  them  all.  Now,  as 
Burns  is  not  merely  a  provincial  man  of 
letters,  but  one  of  the  sovereign  forces  of 
English  literature  in  the  widest  acceptation 
of  the  term,  it  is  of  the  last  importance  that 
what  is  said  of  him  should  be  correct,  and 
that  the  editing  of  his  work  should  at  least 
display  familiarity  with  his  language.  As  a 
test  of  this  it  will  be  instructive  briefly  to 
examine  a  dainty  little  volume,  entitled 
'  Selected  Poems  of  Robert  Burns,'  which 
was  published  by  an  eminent  London  firm 
in  18S6.  The  material  qualities  of  the  book 
are  all  in  its  favour :  paper,  type,  and 
binding  are  fully  worthy  of  the  house  from 
which  it  is  issued.  It  has  a  critical  preface 
by  an  author  who  is  a  past  master  in  the  art 
•of  composing  introductions,  and  it  is  fur- 


nished with  a  somewhat  extensive  glossary. 
Everything  points  to  the  conclusion  that 
Burns  in  this  guise  will  have  secured  numerous 
readers,  and  it  is  curious  and  entertaining  to 
note  what  the  neophytes  among  these  are 
assumed  to  know  and  what  they  are  expected 
to  believe. 

It  is  not  quite  clear  who  is  responsible  for 
the  editing  of  the  work,  but  that  is  of  little 
consequence  now,  as  it  is  the  comment, 
and  not  the  text,  with  which  we  are  con-' 
cerned.  The  author  of  the  introduction 
appears  to  attach  considerable  importance  to 
the  explanation  of  terms,  and  therefore  one 
naturally  expects  the  glossary  to  be  one  of  the 
strong  features  of  the  book.  Burns,  says  the 
critical  guide,  "delights  in  provincial  Scotch, 
in  Ayrshire  words  of  which  even  the  Scotch 
sometimes  need  an  explanation/'  He  men- 
tions "  muslin  kail,"  "a  shangar  "  (sic),  and  "  a 
stimpart "  as  expressions  with  which  he  has 
sometimes  puzzled  "even  very  loyal  and 
unanglicized  Scots,"  and  he  lingers  over 
"tarrow,"  which  in  one  poem  Burns  rimes 
with  Pizarro,  and  indicates  his  belief  that 
the  term  is  of  exceeding  rarity.  "  The  word," 
he  says,  "  is  so  obscure  that  it  escaped  even 
the  older  minstrel  who  was  so  hard  set  for 
various  rimes  to  Yarrow."  "  Tarrow,"  how- 
ever, as  Burns  experts  are  aware,  does  not 
merely  serve  the  poet's  purpose  of  hitching 
in  a  rime,  for  it  expressively  embellishes  the 
texture  of  a  stanza  in  one  of  his  notable 
epistolary  lyrics  Further,  as  it  constitutes 
the  kernel  of  several  familiar  Scottish  pro- 
verbs, and  is  used  by  writers  so  diversely 
situated  as  Henryson,  Ramsay,  Samuel 
Rutherford,  and  Ross  of  'Helenore,'  it  seems 
a  fair  inference  that  Yarrow  minstrels  had  it 
for  the  taking  if  they  had  found  it  suitable 
for  their  purpose.  The  essayist  makes  some 
further  distracting  allusions  and  misleading 
statements.  He  refers,  for  instance,  to  Willie 
who  "  brew'd  a  peck  o'  maut "  as  "  the 
detestable  William  Nichol "  ;  he  is  divertingly 
expansive  over  "  nowt,"  which  he  ultimately 
dismisses  as  "  horned  cattle  in  general "  ;  he 
labours  to  show  that  Burns  in  writing  of 
Bannockburn  confounded  Edward  I.  with 
Edward  II. ;  and  he  asserts  that  the  poet 
complained  of  "  the  execrable  whiskey  [sic] 
of  Dumfriesshire."  These  are  persons  and 
subjects  that  need  not  have  been  introduced 
in  a  style  provocative  of  controversj7,  but  as 
presented  here  they  are  eminently  calculated 
to  foster  confusion  and  error. 

A  casual  inspection  of  the  glossary  is 
sufficient  to  arouse  a  lively  curiosity  regarding 
its  character  and  value.  It  is  plain  that  there 
are  many  possibilities  open  to  a  writer  who 


262 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io»  s.  i.  APRIL  2,  MM. 


defines  "chield"  simply  as  "child,"  who  con- 
siders it  an  adequate  account  of  "gowans" 
to  call  them  "wild  flowers,"  and  who  explains 
that  "  rigwoodie "  is  "  the  rope  or  chain 
traces  "  !  A  few  examples  may  be  chosen  to 
show  that  this  surprising  promise  is  not 
belied.  In  '  The  Twa  Dogs,'  for  example,  the 
first  lyric  in  the  selection,  the  poet  says  of 
Csesar,  the  rich  man's  dog,  "  The  fient  a 
pride— nae  pride  had  he."  "Fient"  is  not 
included  in  the  glossary.  Presently  the  two 
dogs  are  said  to  have  been  "  unco  pack  and 
thick  thegither."  The  only  word  like  "  unco  " 
of  which  a  definition  is  given  is  "  uncos,"  for 
which  "news"  is  entered  as  an  equivalent, 
and  the  expressive  epithet  "  pack  "  is  ignored. 
Other  words  and  phrases  of  the  poem  that 
receive  no  explanation  are  "  haith,"  "gaun,' 
"run  deils,"  "  baran  a  quarry,"  "a  stinkan 
brock,"  "  ran  tan  kirns."  Where  he  has  fairly 
struck  in,  however,  and  allowed  himself 
freedom  of  action,  the  glossarist  has  certainly 
achieved  distinction.  Two  examples  will 
suffice.  Luath,  the  ploughman's  collie,  in  the 
course  of  his  description  of  workmen's 
comforts,  refers  to  "  their  grushie  weans  an' 
faithfu'  wives."  "  Grushie,"  which  means 
vigorously  healthy,,  is  here  amazingly  inter- 
preted as  "a  protruding  muzzle,"  as  if, 
forsooth,  the  weans  were  veritable  urchins  of 
the  hedgerows  !  Our  second  illustration  of 
astonishing  ingenuity  in  definition  introduces 
the  sovereign  twilight  passage  with  which 
the  poem  closes.  Two  notable  features  of  a 
summer  evening  in  a  rural  district  are  thus 
happily  portrayed  : — 

The  bum-clock  hummed  wi'  lazy  drone, 
The  kye  stood  rowtin'  i'  the  loan. 

Here  we  have  Macbeth's  "shard-borne  beetle 
with  his  drowsy  hums/' and  the  cows  return- 
ing up  the  loan,  or  farm  road,  from  the 
pastures,  and  bellowing  aimlessly  as  they 
loiter  in  front  of  the  deliberate  herdsman. 
It  is  a  suggestive  delineation,  characteristic 
of  the  witching  hour  "'tween  the  gloaming 
and  the  mirk "  which  inspired  Collins  to 
brilliant  expression,  and  pleasantly  stimu- 
lated the  romantic  chivalry  of  the  Ettrick 
Shepherd.  Our  glossarist  spoils  this  attrac- 
tive picture  for  his  disciples,  informing  them 
as  he  does,  with  categorical  precision,  that  the 
loan  is  "a  milking-shed."  He  would  have 
shown  equal  familiarity  with  the  subject  had 
he  given  the  meaning  as  a  hen-roost  or  a 
counting-house,  and  even  then  his  interpre- 
tative daring  would  not  have  been  much 
more  surprising  than  that  which  his  actual 
definition  reveals. 

Some  examples  may  be  added  in  reference 
to  the  words  used  in  the  'Auld  Farmer's 


New  Year  Morning  Salutation  to  his  Auld 
Mare,  Maggie.'  The  writer  of  the  introduction 
to  the  volume  absurdly  entitles  this  poem  the 
'  Farmer's  Good  Year  to  his  Auld  Mare,'  bub 
despite  this  suspicious  lack  of  precision  he 
ventures  to  assert  that  the  humorous  pity 
and  kindness  of  the  piece  are  "inimitable 
and  unimitated."  With  this  authoritative 
pronouncement  to  stimulate  him,  the  English 
reader  will  naturally  give  special  attention 
to  this  lyric,  and  diligently  utilize  the  glos- 
sary in  grappling  with  its  frequent  difficulties. 
For  various  reasons  the  opening  stanza  is  cer- 
tain to  give  him  trouble ;  in  particular,  its  con- 
cluding statement — to  the  effect  that  the  mare 
could  once  go  "like  ony  staggie  out  owre  the 
lay  " — will  inevitably  prompt  deliberate  and 
careful  inquiry.  "  Staggie"  is  not  included  in 
the  glossary,  and  as  "lay"  is  explained  to  be 
"  part  of  a  weaver's  loom,"  the  confiding  and 
ingenuous  mind  will  readily  conceive  great 
things  of  the  old  mare's  youth.  Further  room 
for  expansive  surprise  is  presently  given  in 
reference  to  the  fine  qualities  of  the  mare  at 
brooses,  that  is,  at  the  competitive  gallops 
incidental  to  marriage  processions.  As  we 
are  given  to  understand  in  the  glossary  that 
"broose"  is  a  variant  of  broth,  the  beginner 
in  Burns  will  not  be  to  blame  if  he  should 
conclude  that  in  her  prime  this  remark- 
able animal  must  have  performed  some 
gastronomical  feat  that  would  have  put  to 
shame  the  fastidious  stork  of  the  fable.  As 
a  racer  the  steed  is  said  to  have  been  in 
her  youth  "a  jinker  noble" — a  description 
that  might  surely  appeal  to  a  cultured 
reader  without  the  help  of  an  interpreter. 
"Jinker,"  however,  is  carefully  explained 
as  meaning  "  sprightly,"  the  reader  being 
again  left  to  his  own  imagination  over 
the  undoubted  resemblance  that  exists  (espe- 
cially on  the  turf)  between  a  sprightly  noble 
and  a  galloping  mare.  Then  in  her  early  days 
the  old  favourite  "  was  a  noble  Fittie-lan'," 
that  is,  when  yoked  to  the  plough  she  footed 
the  untilled  land— worked  "in  the  hand,"  as 
the  ploughman  says — while  her  yoke-fellow 
walked  in  the  furrow.  "  Fittie-lan'/'  according 
to  our  glossarist,  is  "  the  near  wheeler  of  a 
team,"  a  descriptive  gloss  that  prompts 
thoughts  of  De  Quincey's  "glory  of  motion'* 
rather  than  the  laborious  process  that  slowly 
transfigures  the  stubborn  glebe.  Again,  the 
sturdy  pair  used  to  pull  the  plough  through 
difficult  soil  "till  sprittie  knowes  wad  rair't 
and  risket " ;  that  is,  the  sprits  or  coarse  rushes 
on  the  knolls  would  crack  with  a  rasping 
sound  as  they  were  torn  up  by  the  plough- 
share. On  "rair't"  and  "risket"  the  glos- 
sarist is  intelligible,  but  he  is  characteristically 


10*  s.i.  APRIL  2, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


26S 


cryptic  on  "spriUie,"  which  he  defines  as 
"  spirited."  Does  he,  perchance,  aver  that  a 
modern  Polydorus  suffered  unspeakable  pangs 
from  the  ruthless  coulter  on  the  bleak  Ayr- 
shire leas  I  It  is  at  least  self-evident  that  he 
never  heard  of  a  famous  holding  in  Scotland 
appropriately  named  "  Sprittie  Ha'."  It  is 
not  necessary  to  prolong  this  analysis,  but 
one  more  specimen  may  be  given  to  show  how 
indispensable  it  is  to  know  shades  of  meaning 
before  undertaking  to  explain  Burns  for  the 
English  reader.  The  old  farmer  declares  that 
iris  mare  "never  reestet"  in  cart  or  car,  the 
statement  implying  that  she  never  stood 
restive  when  expected  to  advance  with  her 
load.  The  only  explanation  of  "reestet"  in 
this  engaging  glossary  is  "  withered,"  which 
is,  of  course,  totally  inapplicable  to  this 
passage,  although  it  suits  the  "  reestet  gizz  " 
in  the  '  Address  to  the  Deil.' 

The  writer  of  the  introduction  to  these 
selections  furnishes  in  a  single  sentence  a  com- 
plete commentary  on  such  an  achievement  as 
the  glossary  with  which  his  sponsorship  of 
Burns  is  inseparably  associated.  "  One,"  he 
says,  "must  have  been  born  to  the  language 
to  understand  its  delicacies."  As  a  statement 
of  a  great  general  truth  this  is  excellent,  and 
it  would  be  well  if  many  who  are  prone  to 
rush  in  as  commentators  and  exponents  would 
realize  its  full  significance  in  time.  The  ideal 
exponent  of  Burns  is  to  be  looked  for  only  in 
the  class  to  which  the  poet  himself  belonged  ; 
he  is  now,  more  than  ever,  likely  to  be  found 
in  the  direct  line  of  Allan  Cunningham, 
Robert  Chambers,  Alexander  Smith,  and 
Carlyle.  THOMAS  BAYNE. 


WESTMINSTER  CHANGES   IN   1903. 

FOR  the  last  two  or  three  years  I  have 
endeavoured  to  place  upon  record  most  (if 
not  all)  of  the  changes  that  have  taken  place 
during  each  year  in  the  parishes  of  St.  Mar- 
garet and  St.  John  the  Evangelist,  which 
formerly  constituted  the  "old"  city  of  West- 
minster. I  now  purpose  to  do  the  same  for 
last  year,  although  in  the  latter  parish  they 
have  been  so  numerous  and  varied  that  I  fear 
some  may  have  been  missed  as  I  took  my 
walks  abroad  for  the  purpose  of  noting  them  ; 
but  I  hope  the  omissions,  if  any,  will  be 
found  to  be  few  and  of  only  minor  import- 
ance. I  must,  however,  state  that  I  have 
still  been  unable  to  touch  upon  those  in 
Regency  Street,  as  I  have  not  procured  some 
particulars  which  I  needed ;  but  I  hope 
shortly  to  overcome  that  difficulty,  and  shal1 
then  deal  with  that  locality  by  itself. 

Vincent  Square   had   for  many   years   an 


almost  complete  immunity  from  building 
operations,  but  during  the  last  year  some 
notable  changes  have  been  made  at  this  spot. 
The  Exhibition  Hall  for  the  Royal  Horticul- 
tural Society  has  been  rapidly  proceeded 
with,  and  is  now  nearly  ready  for  roofing, 
and  I  believe  it  is  intended  to  occupy  it 
during  the  approaching  summer.  It  is  very 
well  designed,  and  will  be  an  ornament  to- 
this  part  of  Westminster.  On  the  same  side 
of  the  square  the  two  houses  numbered  83 
and  84  have  been  demolished,  and  in  their 
place  some  flats  have  been  erected  in  the 
rashionable  red  brick  with  stone  courses, 
omewhat  irreverently  designated  by  a  corre- 
spondent in  the  City  Press  "  the  streaky- 
bacon  style  of  architecture/'  This  erection 
has  been  fancifully  named  "The  Willows"; 
why  is  not  very  clear.  It  is  partly  occupied, 
Dr.  Launcelot  Archer,  an  occasional  con- 
tributor to  'N.  &  Q.,'  being  one  of  the  resi- 
dents. In  this  connexion  it  may  be  noted 
that  the  "handsome  price  of  eighteen  hun- 
dred pounds"  (so  says  the  Westminster  and 
Pimlico  News  of  19  February)  "has  just 
been  obtained  for  No.  82,  Vincent  Square, 
having  a  lease  of  twenty-eight  years  to  run, 
with  a  ground  rent  of  15^.  This,  we  believe-, 
is  a  record  price  for  Westminster  property/* 
Still  on  the  same  side,  at  the  corner  of  Carey 
Street,  is  a  building  used  as  a  warehouse  and 
offices  by  Messrs.  Coppen  Brothers,  whichr 
although  in  part  erected  in  the  previous  year, 
was  not  occupied  until  the  beginning  of  1903. 

When  Messrs.  Broad  wood  migrated  east- 
ward, it  was  thought  that  their  old  premises 
in  Horseferry  Road  would  be  at  once  de- 
molished ;  but  they  are  still  standing,  and" 
temporarily  occupied  :  No.  57  by  the  Husson 
Safety  Acetylene  Syndicate,  Limited ;  and 
No.  45  by  Messrs.  Rothschild  et  Fils,  Ltd., 
of  Paris,  the  well-known  automobile  coach- 
builders,  and  the  Provincial  Carriers,  Ltd.  ; 
but  a  change  may  come  at  any  moment. 
Further  down  Horseferry  Road  we  come  to 
a  very  extensive  clearance,  which  I  fore- 
shadowed at  9th  S.  xi.  22.  the  side  of  Car- 
penter Street,  Nos.  1  to  6,  then  alluded  to 
as  condemned,  has  been  cleared,  as  well  as 
the  site  of  all  the  houses  to  No.  28,  Horseferry 
Road,  together  with  the  whole  of  Champion's 
Alley,  then  not  touched  ;  and  now,  of  the 
houses  from  that  number  to  No.  2,  all  are 
either  empty  or  demolished, excepting  Nos.  26, 
20,  and  18,  which  are  occupied,  as  is  also  the- 
licensed  house  at  the  corner  of  this  road  and 
Millbank  Street, known  as  the  "Brown  Bear." 

Turning  into  Millbank  Street,  we  find 
No.  80  empty,  and  from  this  house  all  the 
ground  to  the  corner  of  Romney  Street,  and 


264 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  APRIL  2, 


thence  to  the  corner  of  Carpenter  Street,  is 
•entirely  cleared.  The  house  at  the  corner  o; 
Millbank  Street  and  Romney  Street  had  from 
1813  until  last  year  been  one  of  the  land- 
marks of  the  locality,  and  was  a  very  in- 
teresting old  house.  It  had  been  in  the 
•occupation  of  the  Fitzgerald  family  for  ninety 
.years,  a  very  extensive  oil  and  colour  business 
having  been  carried  on  there  for  that  period. 
The  business  was  started  by  Stephen  Fitz- 
.gerald,  who  for  many  years  before  had  been 
in  business  as  a  tallow-chandler  in  Tothil] 
•Street.  He  came  here  in  1812,  and  in  course 
of  time  was  succeeded  by  his  second  son, 
Alexander,  born  in  Tothill  Street  in  1803,  who 
in  his  turn  gave  place  to  his  son  Alexander 
•(the  second),  who  still  carries  on  business  at 
47,  Marsham  Street,  having  been  displaced 
by  the  London  County  Council  for  the  im- 
provements now  started.  The  founder  of 
this  business,  now  over  one  hundred  years 
old,  was  an  Irishman  who  came  to  England, 
and  after  a  while  got  into  much  disgrace 
with  his  family  by  becoming  a  member  of 
the  Society  of  Friends,  to  which  body  his 
descendants  have  since  belonged.  I  have 
been  favoured  by  the  sight  of  a  bill,  dated 
1823,  for  candles  supplied  to  the  church- 
wardens of  St.  John's,  Westminster,  for  the 
purpose  of  lighting  the  church. 

The  houses  sold  on  13  June,  1901  (see 
^reference  already  quoted),  and  unoccupied 
in  January  of  last  year,  have  all  been  de- 
molished, the  ground  now  being  clear.  In 
Romney  Street,  from  the  corner  of  Church 
Passage  (leading  into  Smith  Square)  to  No.  38, 
the  houses  are  being  rapidly  cleared  away  ; 
but  Nos.  30,  20,  16,  and  4,  although  empty, 
are  still  standing.  In  Millbank  Street  Nos,  56 
and  50  are  empty,  and  it  is  worthy  of  note 
that  the  High  Bailiff  of  Westminster  and  a 
jury,  on  21  January,  awarded  the  sum  of 
2,5001.  to  Mr.  G.  W.  Dunstall,  who  occupied  the 
latter  premises  as  a  coffee  and  eating  house, 
as  compensation  for  the  compulsory  acquisi- 
tion of  the  house  for  this  improvement 
scheme.  It  was  stated  in  evidence  that  this 
person  had  a  monopoly  of  the  Thames-side 
refreshment  business  in  this  locality,  and 
that  his  net  profits  averaged  6001.  per  annum. 
The  ground  from  No.  13,  Church  Street  to 
the  corner  of  Millbank  Street  and  onward  to 
No.  34  has  all  been  cleared,  but  some  of  this 
work  was  done  before  1903.  Nos.  30  and  28 
are  empty,  while  Nos.  26  and  24  are  still  in- 
habited, the  former  being  in  the  occupation 
of  Messrs.  Mary  Mallock  &,  Sons  as  a  rope, 
tarpaulin,  and  sack  manufactory,  with  pre- 
mises at  the  rear  in  Horse  and  Groom  Yard — 
a  business  established  as  far  back  as  1800. 


One  member  of  this  family,  Andrew  Mallock, 
was  an  overseer  of  St.  John's  parish  in  1841- 
1842,  but  does  not  appear  to  have  filled  the 
position  of  churchwarden.  David  Mallock, 
another  member  of  the  family,  took  his 
degree  as  M.A. ,  and  wrote,  among  other 
things,  much  creditable  verse,  as  may  be  seen 
by  reference  to  a  little  book  preserved  in  the 
Westminster  City  Library,  Great  Smith  Street, 
published  as  a  contribution  to  the  building 
fund  of  the  Westminster  Library  and  Scientific 
and  Mechanics'  Institution,  of  which  this 
gentleman  was  a  firm  supporter.  The  next 
two  houses,  Nos.  22  and  20,  lately  in  the  occu- 
pation of  Messrs.  Vacher,  the  Parliamentary 
printers,  are  now  empty,  their  demolition  not 
being  far  off.  In  1847  No.  22  appears  to  have* 
been  numbered  62,  and  for  many  years  before 
and  afterwards  was  the  printing  office  of 
Messrs.  Blanchard  &  Son,  who  in  that  year 
published  at  that  address  the  Rev.  E.  C. 
Mackenzie  Walcott's  'History  of  the  Parish 
Church  of  St.  Margaret,  Westminster.'  The 
difference  in  the  numbering  of  the  houses  is 
accounted  for  by  the  fact  that  at  that  time 
they  ran  consecutively  on  both  sides  of  the 
way,  and  not  odd  and  even  as  they  do  now. 
There  was  no  change  on  the  river  side  of  the 
street  during  last  year,  but  most  probably 
there  will  be  many  to  note  when  this  year's 
demolitions  are  chronicled. 

W.    E.    HARLAND-OXLEY. 
C2,  The  Almshouses,  Rochester  Row,  S.W. 
( To  be  continued. ) 


AINOO  AND  BASKISH. — The  Baskish  lan- 
guage has  no  history  before  the  sixteenth 
century  except  such  as  can  be  extracted 
from  place-names  and  names  of  families, 
chiefly  in  Spain,  and  two  mediaeval  glossaries. 
That  of  the  Ainoo  tongue  begins  in  the 
nineteenth.  The  Ainoos  are  supposed  to 
have  emigrated  from  Siberia  into  Japan. 
The  Basks  may  have  been  Iberians,  and 
have  migrated  from  Siberia  too,  and  have 
brought  with  them  some  words  taken  from 
the  same  source  as  some  which  survive  in 
Ainoo.  Iberia  may  be  derived  not  from 
Heuskarian  ibai,  river,  or  t'6a?'=  valley,  but 
trom  Heuskarian  ipar,  iper  =  north.  Has  it 
not  been  said  that  Siberia  means,  in  some 
Siberian  language,  northland?  Having  no- 
ticed in  1893,  in  the  '  Dictionary  of  the  Ainoo 
Language,'  by  Mr.  John  Batcbelor,  certain 
words  resembling  others  in  Baskish  of  the 
same  meaning  (and  it  was  resemblance,  the 
3asis  of  all  classification,  which  gave  Sanskrit 
ts  passport  into  the  territory  of  Greek  and 
Latin),  I  sent  him,  when  he  returned  to 
England  from  his  valuable  missionary  work 


s.i.  APRIL  2,  loot.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


265 


in  the  north  of  Japan,  a  list  of  them,  which 
is  here  submitted  to  the  criticism  of  philo- 
logists, with  that  of  Mr.  Batchelor  himself, 
as  he  is  the  chief  authority  on  Ainpo  lore. 
He  hopes  to  publish  an  enlarged  edition  of 
his  dictionary  and  grammar  of  the  language 
of  those  savages,  who  differ  in  all  other 
respects,  as  much  as  is  possible,  from  the 
ffeuskaldunak,  or  Basks.  I  give  in  each  case 
the  Ainoo  word  first,  followed  by  the  Baskish. 

Aashi,  to  be  shut. — Echi,  in  composition 
ashi,  e.g.,  ar-a.?/4i=stone-enclosure. 

Aba,  relation. — Aha,  tribe,  clan,  family 
(abo= father  in  the  Daffla  language  of  Assam). 

Au,  branches  of  horns  or  trees. — Abar. 

Chiri,  bird.—  Chori  (said  to  be  Japanese 
also),  sometimes  written  ttori. 

Chisel,  house. — Eche,  echi. 

Epa,  to  fulfil  time. — Epe,  delay,  space  of 
time  (qy.  Latin  spe,  through  (e)spe,  then  epe  ?). 

Eren,  three  persons. —  Eren,  heren,  third 
(cf.  Armenian  eresun  =  ZO). 

Heashi,  the  beginning. — Hatse,  haste,  begin- 
ning ;  hashi,  hasi,  begun. 

Heise,  the  breath. — Haise,  wind  ;  cf.  ai'e/zos, 
animus,  aninia. 

Huibe,  the  inside  fat  of  animals. — Koipe. 

Oiki,  to  touch. — Hunki. 

On,  ripe. — On,  good;  ondu,  onthu, goodened, 
ripe  (of  fruit). 

Sak,  without. — Zaka,  saka  (in  Biscayan). 
Qy.  Irish  seek  ? 

Shi,  to  shut. — Echi  (whence  house  =  Keltic 
chin,  originally  enclosed,  fortress). 

Shiri,  earth,  land.— Hiri,  town. 

Mr.  Batchelor's  reply  was  as  follows  : — 

Glencoe,  Church  Street, 

Uckfield,  Sussex,  April  21st,  1901. 
DEAR.  SIR, — Many  thanks  for  your  letter  dated 
5th  April,  and  also  for  the  list  of  Bask  words  here- 
with returned.  The  words  you  have  chosen  are 
certainly  very  like  Ainu  ;  indeed,  were  there  many 
more  such  close  resemblances,  I  should  probably 
call  it  a  dialect  of  Ainu.  But,  of  course,  with  a 
few  examples  I  should  not  dream  of  going  so  far  as 
that.  My  new  Dictionary,  which  I  have  in  MS., 
is  somewhat  large,  and  has  at  least  10,000  words  in 
it.  I  would  print  it  if  I  could,  but  cannot  afford 
the  expense.  Should  I  manage,  however,  to  get  it 
printed  later  on,  I  am  sure  philologists  would  then 
be  able  to  speak  with  assurance  as  to  the  affinity 
between  Ainu  and  Bask,  if  there  is  any.  As 
regards  the  venomus  spider  in  China,  I  too  have 
heard  that  there  is  one,  but  as  to  its  name  I  cannot 
speak.— Yours  very  truly,  JOHN  BATCHELOK. 

Let  us  hope  that  some  society,  or  some 
wealthy  friend  of  learning  and  of  missionary 
civilization,  will  find  the  funds  for  publishing 
Mr.  Batchelor's  laborious  work  before  he  dies. 
I  had  told  him  that  there  is  in  Xe\v  Zealand 
a  venomous  spider  called  tatipo  by  the 
Maoris,  and  that  there  is  said  to  be  another 


in  China  bearing  the  same  name  in  Chinese. 
Is  that  a  fact  1 

The  Religious  Tract  Society,  4,  Bouverie 
Street,  E.C.,  has  lately  published  '  The  Ainu 
and  their  Folk-lore.'  E.  S.  DODGSON. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY  OF  EASTER.  (Continued  from 
9tb  S.  vii.  264.)— 

Certaine  Queries  proposed  by  the  King  to  the 
Lords  and  Commons  attending  his  Majesty  at 
Holdenby,  Aprill  23,  1647,  touching  the  celebration 
of  the  Easter  Feast.  Pp.  6,  1647. 

Loredano  (G.  F.).  The  Eucharist  at  Easter,  1657, 
Psalms  cxvi.,  xxvii.,  xxxiii.,  folio,  1681. 

Dominici  Quartaironij  Responsiones  ad  nonnullas- 
Assertiones  pro  ReformationeKalendarij  Gregorian! 
de  Paschate  Anni  1700,  fol.  (see  Hearne's  '  Collec- 
tanea,1 i.  21,  O.H.S.). 

Watts,  Mr.,  of  St.  John's  Coll.  The  Rule  for 
finding  Easter  in  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer, 
Lond.  1712  (Hearne's  'Collectanea,'  iii.  482). 

W.  C.  B. 

EASTER  SEPULCHRE. — In  1440  a  testator 
|  leaves  a  gold  cloth  with  a  black  foundation, 
to  be  kept  for  ever  by  the  keepers  of  the 
fabric  of  the  chapel  of  B.V.M.  in  Kingston- 
upon-Hull,  as  an  ornament  to  the  Lord's 
sepulchre  at  the  feast  of  Easter  ('  Test.  Ebor./ 
ii.  77,  Surtees  Soc.). 

At  Newark,  1500,  at  the  time  of  Easter  the 
sepulchre  of  Jesus  Christ  was  usually  set  up 
between  two  pillars  next  to  the  altar  in  the 
north  part  of  the  choir  ('  Test.  Ebor.,'  iv.  179). 

1509,  at  Batley,  "to  on  vyse  makyng  on 
Estur  daie  in  the  mornyng  to  the  sepulcre, 
iij"  iiij'1 "  ('  Test.  Ebor.,'  v.  11). 

In  1526  a  widow  leaves  to  St.  Mary's 
Church,  Beverley,  her  best  oversea  bed  called 
the  Baptist  as  an  ornament  to  the  sepulchre 
of  our  Saviour  Christ  Jesus  at  the  feast  of 
Easter  ('Test.  Ebor.,'  v.  224). 

There  was  a  sepulchre  in  the  chapel  of 
St.  Clement  in  Pontefract  Castle,  for  which 
the  king  allowed  six  shillings  yearly  for  wax 
and  other  things  ('Chantry  Surveys,'  ii.  324, 
Surtees  Soc.). 

See  other  references  in  '  Durham  Account 
Rolls,'  iii.  963;  'Rites  of  Durham,'  204,  346 
(Surt.  Soc.,  vol.  cvii.). 

There  was  a  movable  "resurrection"  afc 
Sheffield,  for  the  setting  up  and  mending  of 
which  payments  were  made  in  1558  (J.  D. 
Leader,  'Cutlers'  Company's  Accounts,'  p.  16). 

Other  instances  in  'Notices of  Henry,  Lord 
Percy,'  by  R.  Simpson,  1882,  pp.  80,  81 ;  and 
in  the  Treasury,  September,  1903,  with  illus- 
trations. W.  C.  B. 

KOREAN  AND  MANCHURIAN  NAMES.— Many 
readers  of  these  columns  must  have  wondered 
whence  comes  theodd-looking  name  Quelpaert 
Island.  It  is  from  an  old  Dutch  word  mean- 


266 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        no*  s.  i.  APML  2, 1904. 


ing  a  hippogriff,  or  flying  horse.  In  modern 
Dutch  orthography  it  would  be  Kwelpaard. 
Kivel  is  the  same  as  our  verb  "  quell,"  and 
.paard means  "horse."  Chemulpo,  the  port  of 
Seoul,  is  given  in  only  two  of  our  pronouncing 
gazetteers,  and  in  each  with  a  different 
accent.  Smith's  'Cyclopaedia of  Names '(1895) 
marks  it  Chemulpo,  butWorcester's  Dictionary 
Supplement  (1887)  has  Chemulpo,  which  is 
unquestionably  the  more  correct.  The  ch  is 
sounded  as  in  "  church,"  and  the  vowels  as  in 
Italian— Cliay-mool-po.  The  sense  is  said  to 
be  "  muddy  harbour." 

We  have  all  seen  many  allusions  lately  to 
the  Chunchuses.  Unlike  the  ch  in  Chemulpo, 
which  is  soft,  the  ch  in  Chunchuses  is  hard. 
In  fact,  the  best  authorities  spell  it  Khun- 
khuzes,  e.g.,  the  Contemporary  Revieio  for 
March,  p.  318.  This  corresponds  with  the 
.Russian  plural,  Khunkhuzi.  Wirt  Gerrare,  in 
*  Greater  llussia,'  cuts  it  down  to  Khungus 
(plural).  The  variations  of  spelling  in  this 
and  other  Manchu  names  are  due  to  the 
readiness  with  which  in  that  language  certain 
consonants  interchange.  For  instance,  the 
h  is  very  guttural,  like  German  cA,  and  is 
often  written  kh,  whence  it  passes  into  k  or  g. 
Harbin  and  liailar  become  Kharbin  and 
Khailar ;  and  Tsitsihar  becomes  Tsitsikar, 
less  correctly  Chichikar,  and  even  Tsichagar. 
There  is,  however,  little  difficulty  in  pro- 
nouncing Manchu  names  correctly,  since  the 
stress  lies  uniformly  upon  the  last  syllable. 
The  Yalu  River  is  Yahloo,  Harbin  and  Kirin 
(Girin)  are  llarbeen  and  Keerfon  (Geereen),  &c. 
JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

"MosKY.'' — I  do  not  remember  this  word  in 
•N.  &Q.':— 

"  There  are  about  a  dozen  dolphins  off  the  quarter 
to-day,  swimming  alongside  the  ship.  They  are 
what  seamen  call  mosky — that  is,  having  yellow 
tails.  It  is  an  old  sailor's  hoax  that  a  dolphin  gets 
his  yellow  tail  from  eating  the  weed  off  the  ship's 
bottom,  which  is  supposed  to  poison  him." — 'Round 
the  Horn  before  the  Mast,'  by  A.  Basil  Lubbock. 
1902,  p.  135. 

WILLIAM  GEORGH  BLACK. 

Glasgow. 

PARISH  REGISTER  TO  STOP  A  RAT'S  HOLE.— 
The  following,  from  the  Western  Morning 
Neivs  of  9  March,  speaks  for  itself,  and  with 
no  uncertain  voice,  of  the  immediate  necessity 
for  all  parish  registers  being  removed  to  some 
central  place  of  authority,  as  has  been  done 
in  Scotland  since  1854  :  — 

"  One  would  think  that  to  stop  up  a  rat's  hole 
would  be  the  last  use  a  parish  register  would  be  put 
to.  Yet  it  seems  to  have  been  done  at  Warleggan, 
near  Bodmin.  This  parish's  oldest  register  was  for  i 
long  time  lost,  and  a  few  months  ago  it  was  found  on 


he  top  of  a  bookcase,  where  it  had  lain  for  twenty 
rears.  The  rector  has  now  had  it  carefully  copied, 
bnd  notwithstanding  its  dilapidated  condition, 
jhere  are  fewer  entries  which  are  illegible  than 
might  have  been  expected.  The  first  legible  page 
dates  from  1547-  '  Old  parish  registers,'  says  the 
ector  in  the  March  number  of  the  Parish  Magazine, 
are  too  valuable  to  be  left  lying  unprotected  on 
/he  top  of  a  bookcase  for  twenty  years,  or  to  be 
employed  for  stopping  up  rats'. holes  in  the  store- 
room, which  was  how  I  found  them  years  ago  when 
[  first  came  to  the  parish.  The  iron  chest  in  which 
;hey  should  have  been  resting  was  filled  with 
empty  bottles.  Fortunately,  on  this  occasion,  the 
rats  showed  more  respect  for  the  register  than  did 
their  proper  guardian.' " 

R.  BARCLAY-ALLARDICE. 

DISGUISED  MURDERER  IN  FOLK-LORE. — The 
following  paragraph  appears  in  the  Morning 
Post  of  12  March  (p.  8).  It  may  be  true,  but. 
until  further  evidence  is  forthcoming,  it  is 
safer  to  regard  it  rather  as  folk-lore  than 
history.  Of  course  such  a  plan  for  robbery 
or  murder  may  have  been  elaborated  more 
than  once  ;  but  it  is  more  probable  that 
the  story  belongs  to  that  class  of  tales  of 
which  the  sheep-stealer  who  was  hanged 
when  getting  over  a  wall  by  the  sheep  on  his 
back  is  a  striking  specimen,  which  has  already 
been  discussed  in  'N.  &  Q.'  :— 

"A  prominent  merchant  of  Londonderry  has 
reported  to  the  police  that  while  driving  in  his  gig 
on  a  lonely  road  a  person  who  appeared  to  be  an 
aged  countrywoman  asked  him  for  a  lift.  A  basket 
was  first  handed  up,  and  the  merchant,  catching 
hold  of  the  hand  which  passed  it,  was  surprised  at 
its  size  and  roughness.  '  This  is  no  woman's  hand,' 
he  cried,  and  whipped  up  his  horses.  When  he  got 
home  the  basket  was  found  to  contain  a  loaded 
revolver  and  a  large  knife." 

The  Lincolnshire  version,  which  I  have 
often  heard  from  my  father  and  other  old 
people,  is  that  a  rich  farmer,  who  was  known 
to  carry  a  good  stock  of  monejr  about  with 
him,  was  one  day  driving  home  from  market 
when  he  was  accosted  by  a  woman  who 
carried  a  basket.  She  asked  him  for  a  lift 
as  she  was  very  tired,  and  handed  up  her 
basket  into  the  cart ;  but  when  she  raised  her 
dress  to  get  in  herself,  the  farmer  saw  her 
massive  ankles,  and,  knowing  she  was  a  man 
in  disguise,  at  once  drove  off.  In  the  basket 
there  was  found  a  brace  of  loaded  pistols. 
I  believe  a  similar  tale  occurs  in  Yorkshire. 
EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

Wickentree  House,  Kirton-in-Lindsey. 

LINCOLNSHIRE  JINGLE. — 

My  master,  old  Pant,  he  fed  me  with  pies, 
My  mother,  she  learnt  me  plenty  "  off"  lies ; 
My  master,  old  Pant,  he  learnt  me  to  thieve, 
So  I  cheat  all  I  can,  an'  laugh  in  my  sleeve. 

J.  T.  F. 

Durham. 


.i.  APRIL  a,  low.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


267 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  maybe  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

GABRIEL  HARVEY'S  BOOKS. — The  Shake- 
spearian scholar  Steevens  writes  that  he  had 
seen  a  copy  of  Speght's  edition  of  Chaucer, 
which  formerly  belonged  to  Dr.  Gabriel 
Harvey,  and  which  contained  in  Harvey's 
handwriting  a  reference  to  Shakespeare's 
'  Venus  and  Adonis,' '  Lucrece,'  and  '  Hamlet.' 
The  book  seems  also  to  have  been  seen  by 
Malone.  I  should  be  much  obliged  if  any 
one  could  tell  me  the  present  whereabouts 
of  this  book  and  of  any  other  books  which 
formerly  belonged  to  Gabriel  Harvey.  I  am 
acquainted  with  those  in  the  British  Museum, 
the  Bodleian,  and  the  museum  at  Saffron 
Walden.  G.  C.  MOORE  SMITH. 

University  College,  Sheffield. 

SIR  C.  HATTON'S  TITLE.— On  the  monument 
to  Sir  Christopher  Hatton  in  old  St.  Paul's 
that  worthy  was  styled  "Regiae  Majestatis  D. 
Elizabeths  ex  nobilibus  stipatoribus  L.  vicis." 
The  "stipatores"  were  no  doubt  the  pen- 
sioners; but  what  is  the  meaning  of  "L.  vicis"] 
Could  it  be  lieutenant  1  Hentzner  calls  the 
pensioners  "satellites  nobiles." 

H.  BRACKENBURY. 

Camberley. 

Louis  XVII. — Having  been  for  many  years 
firmly  con  vinced  of  the  su  r  vival  of  Louis  X  VII., 
son  of  Louis  XVI.,  after  his  feigned  death  in 
the  prison  of  the  Temple  in  Paris  on  8  June, 
1795,  I  have  found,  in  reference  to  a  short 
sentence  in  the  memoirs  of  the  said  prince, 
"Abrege  des  Infortunes  du  Dauphin,  publie 
a  Londres,  chez  C.  Armand,  Imprimeur, 
Rathbone  Place,  Oxford  Street,"  November, 
1836,  p  44,  serious  reasons  to  believe  that 
Louis  XVII.  remained  hidden  somewhere  in 
England,  for  a  certain  time  at  least,  during 
the  years  1795-1804. 

Later  on  his  real  story  was,  on  purpose, 
mixed  up  with  the  false  statements  of  an 
impostor,  Augustus  Meves.  Consult  the 
papers  at  the  British  Museum  concerning 
this  man,  who  was  most  probably  pushed 
forward  by  the  political  enemies  of  the  real 
Louis  XVII.  to  discredit  his  legitimate  claims. 
Any  documents,  family  records,  or  allusions 
of  any  kind  on  this  special  point  for  the  date 
indicated  will  be  most  gratefully  received  by 
MADAME  BARBEY-BOISSIER. 

Pierriere,  near  Geneva. 

[See  7th  S.  xii.  305,  370,  461.]  • 


MSS.  OF  THE  LATE  MR.  SlACEY  GRIMALDI. 

— I  understand  that  the  late  Mr.  Stacey 
Grimaldi  possessed  several  manuscript  lists 
of  Westminster  scholars.  Can  any  corre- 
spondent of  '  N".  &  Q.'  tell  me  where  they 
are  now  to  be  found  ?  G.  F.  R.  B. 

RUBEN s's  'PALACES  OF  GENOA.'— In  my 
possession  is  a  thick  folio  guard  book  in  old 
half-calf,  size  about  16  in.  by  12-Hn.,  with  the 
MS.  label  on  back  ''Drawings  of  the  Palaces 
in  Genoa  by  Sr  P.  P.  Rubens."  It  contains 
on  the  initial  fly-leaf  the  following  note  iu 
an  early  eighteenth-century  hand,  probably 
c.  1729,  when  the  then  extant  loose  drawings 
are  believed  to  have  been  bound  in  the 
volume  and  the  MS.  title  ("  Palazzi  di  Genoa, 
dal  P.  P.  Rubens  "),  and  label  as  above,  added: 

"  This  Book  was  Bought  out  of  the  Collection  of 
Sr  Tho:  Franklin  but  some  of  the  Drawings  were 
missing  so  that  there  was  a  necessity  of  cpmpleating 
it  with  Prints,  the  Drawings  are  the  Original  ones 
done  by  the  order  &  under  the  Inspection  of  Sr 
P:  P:  Rubens,  from  which  the  Book  of  the  Palaces 
of  Genoa  is  engraved." 

There  are  120  drawings  in  pen  and  wash 
(sepia  tint),  instead  of  136  (otherwise,  in  error, 
"139"),  16  being  supplied  by  the  prints, 
apparently  engraved  by  Nicolaes  Ryckemans, 
and  first  published  at  Antwerp,  1622,  in  two 
large  folio  volumes,  without  text,  under  the 
title  (in  Italian)  of  "  The  Ancient  and  Modern 
Palaces  of  Genoa.  Collected  and  Designed 
by  P.  P.  Rubens."  These  drawings  were, 
however,  executed  during  Rubens's  visit  to 
Genoa,  1607-8.  Although  unquestionably  the 
"  originals,"  only  seven  of  them  are  believed 
to  be  by  the  hand  of  the  great  master  himself; 
but  they  mostly  have  MS.  descriptions,  <fcc., 
in  Italian  thereon,  apparently  in  his  auto- 
graph, and,  in  addition,  some  writing  in  lead 
pencil  and  red  chalk  by  the  engraver. 

All  writers  upon  Rubens — including  Horace 
Wai  pole  ('Anecdotes  of  Painting,'  ed.  Wornum, 
1888,  vol.  i.  p.  305),  Kett  ('Rubens,'  1882, 
pp.  65-6),  Dr.  Waagen  ('Peter  Paul  Rubens, 
his  Life  and  Genius, 'trans.  Xoel,  ed.  Jameson, 
1840,  pp.-  13  seq.),  Fairholt  ('  Homes  and 
Haunts  of  Foreign  Artists,'  1874,  p.  15), 
Culvert  ('Life  of  Rubens,'  1876,  pp.  73-4), 
Stevenson  ('Peter  Paul  Rubens,'  1898,  pp.  25-6) 
— refer  to  these  drawings,  and  agree  that 
they  were  executed  by  the  master. 

Sir  Thos.  Franklin  (or  Francklyn),  Bt,  a 
former  owner,  died  5  October,  1728.  Can  any 
reader  state  where  a  copy  of  the  catalogue  of 
his  collection  is  to  be  seen,  and  where  the 
sixteen  missing  drawings  now  are  ?  They  are 
numbered  (vol.  i.)  fig.  1,  67  (2),  68,  69,  71  ; 
(vol.  ii.)  fig.  6,  12,  21,  24,  45,  54,  57,  61,  63,  65. 

W.  I.  R.  V. 


268 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [ioth  s.  i.  APRIL  2,  im 


ELLISON  FAMILY. — I  am  anxious  to  know 
more  of  my  father's  family  (Ellison).  They 
came  from  the  vicinity  of  Threadneedle 
Street  about  1760.  My  great-great-grand- 
father, Joseph  Ellison,  died  in  Boston,  Mass., 
in  1771,  aged  seventy  -  six.  He  had  two 
children  who  came  to  this  country :  Elizabeth 
Ellison,  born  1734,  died  in  Boston,  unmarried, 
1801 ;  William  Ellison,  born  1  October,  1741, 
married  in  Boston  1762,  and  died  there  1816. 
He  was  my  great  -  grandfather,  and  had 
children  William,  Samuel,  James,  Mary,  and 
Elizabeth. 

(Mrs.)  MARY  H.  CURRAN,  Librarian. 

Bangor  Public  Library,  Maine. 

'DEATH  OF  BOZZARIS.' —  In  Mr.  Morley's 
'  Life  of  Gladstone '  (vol.  i.  p.  137)  there  is  an 
extract  from  Gladstone's  diary  of  24  June, 
1836,  in  which  is  the  note  : — 

"  Breakfast  with  Mr.  Rogers,  Mr.  Wordsworth 
only  there.  Very  agreeable.  Rogers  produced  an 
American  poem,  the  'Death  of  Bozzaris,'  which 
Wordsworth  proposed  that  I  should  read  to  them  ; 
of  course  I  declined,  so  even  did  Rogers.  But 
Wordsworth  read  it  through  in  good  taste,  and 
doing  it  justice." 

Who  was  the  author  of  the  '  Death  of  Boz- 
zaris'?  G.  L.  APPERSON. 

[FitzGreene  Halleck.] 

^ BATTLEFIELD  SAYINGS.— Can  any  reader 
give  instances  of  witty  or  humorous  sayings, 
ancient  as  well  as  modern,  on  the  battlefield, 
the  occasion  on  which  they  were  uttered, 
and,  when  known,  the  name  of  the  speaker? 
An  example  of  what  I  mean  is  to  be  found 
in  the  historic  phrase  of  the  great  general 
who,  being  informed  that  the  enemy's  arrows 
were  so  numerous  that  they  would  hide  the 
sun,  replied,  "Then  we  will  fight  in  the 
shade."  R.  DE  0. 

DR.  HALL.  —  Will  any  one  intimately 
acquainted  with  my  Lord  Strafford's  home 
affairs  kindly  tell  me  who  was  Dr.  Hall,  the 
friend  under  whose  tuition  (presumably  in 
Yorkshire)  he  placed  his  nephew  Wentworth 
Dillon,  afterwards  the  poet  Earl  of  Eos- 
common?  L.  I.  GUINEY. 

INSCRIPTION  ON  MUSEUM.  —  Over  the  en- 
trance to  the  museum  at  Christchurch,  New 
Zealand,  is  engraved  the  following  inscrip- 
tion :  I'  Lo,  these  are  parts  of  His  ways,  but 
how  little  a  portion  of  them  is  heard  of 
Him  ! "  Where  do  these  words  come  from  1 
They  do  not  appear  to  be  in  the  Bible  or 
Apocrypha.  L. 

[Slightly  varied  from  Job  xxvi.  14.] 

./Esop.  —  I  recently  bought  at  a  very  low 
price  a  copy  of  ^Esop  which  belongs  to  an 


impression  which  I  fancy  is  not  often  meb 
with.     The  cover,  which  I  do  not  think  is 
the  original    one,   bears   the  title   AESOPI  j 
FABULAE  I  A  |  CORAY.    The  title-page  is  : — 

MY6S2N  AISMIEIfiN  |  SYNAFfiFH.  | 
<I>iAoTi/>to>  Sairdvy  TWI/  AAEA-i>i}N  ZfiSI- 
MAAJ2N,  TTouSetas  eVeKa  |  TMV  rr)v  'EAAuSa 
<j)<jivv)v  SiSao-Ko/xevtov  'EAAip'wv.  |  EN  IIAPI- 
2IOI2,  |  EK  TH2  TYnOFPA«l>IA2  I.  M. 
EBEPAPTOY.  |  AM. 

It  has  as  frontispiece  a  portrait  of  ^Esop 
engraved  from  the  bust  in  the  Albanian 
Garden  at  Rome,  and  another  engraving,  a 
portrait  of  Archilochos  from  a  bust  in  the 
Vatican  Museum.  There  is  an  interesting 
and  scholarly  introduction,  written  in  modern 
Greek,  which  I  take  to  be  from  the  pen  of 
Koraes,  of  whose  series 'EAAijvtKr;  'Bif3Xio6->]Kij 
it  forms  part,  being  vol.  ii.  of  the  Trdpepya. 
I  have  learnt  that  the  volumes  of  Plutarch 
in  the  same  series  are  extremely  scarce. 
Perhaps  your  readers  may  know  something 
of  this  book,  and  can  give  me  information 
as  to  its  rarity  or  otherwise. 

C.  CAMP  TARELLI. 

PATIENCE,  CARD  GAME.—  When  was  the 
name  "  Patience"  first  applied  to  the  game  of 
cards?  I  do  not  know  of  an  instance  before 
1850.  F.  JESSEL. 

MUTILATED  LATIN  LINES.  —  Among  some 
papers  I  purchased  a  few  years  ago  are  some 
mutilated  and,  I  think,  misspelt  Latin  lines. 
Some  of  the  letters  have  disappeared.  Will 
some  reader  help  me  to  supply  the  missing 
letters  and  correct  the  lines  ?  I  should  be 
grateful  to  any  Latin  scholar  for  his  English 
rendering  of  the  verse,  so  far  as  disjecta 
membra  will  permit  of  anything  like  a  trans- 
lation. 

I  think  the  first  word  in  the  first  line 
should  be  Flamen.  Should  the  first  word  in 
the  sixth  line  be  Undique  ? 

amen  ut  geterni  sapiens  et  dextra  parentis 

Protexit  thalamos  Elizabeta  suos 
In  quibus  infantem  longeva  puerpera  alebas 

Misscebas  curis  et  pia  vota  tuis 
....grassantes  tota  Jordanis  in  ora 
...dique  sevirent  Parthup  Arabsque  truces 

fratrum  membris  passique  cruore 

Jusissent millia  capta 

Tu  secura  tamen  divini  numinis  umbra 

Figebas  nati  bassia  multa  genis. 
Sic  modo  cum  poenis  urgentur  regna  superba, 
Juxta  aras  ccetus  protege,  Christe,  tuos. 

scellusque  domum  descende 

es  custos  no 

FREDERIC  ROWLAND  MARVIN. 
537,  Western  Avenue,  Albany,  N.Y. 

PRINTS  AND  ENGRAVINGS.  —  Can  any  one 
inform  me  of  a  book  of  moderate  price 


i.  APRIL -2, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


269 


dealing  with  old  prints  and  engravings  and 
their  producers?     I  specially  want  to  know 
about  eighteenth  and  early  nineteenth  cen- 
tury landscape  work  in  England  and  Wales. 
E.  H.  EDWARDS. 

EOBERTSON  FAMILY.  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  tell  me  the  parentage  of,  or  particu- 
lars about,  George  Robertson,  a  writer  in 
Edinburgh,  who  married  (second  wife)  Eliza- 
beth Ogilvie,  and  died  1737  1  His  son  Alex- 
ander, of  Parson's  Green,  a  Clerk  of  Session, 
matriculated  in  1778  as  a  cadet  of  the  Strowan 
family.  W.  H.  K. 

THE  CAVE,  HORNSEY.  —  Can  any  corre- 
spondent enlighten  me  as  to  what  this  place 
was?  P.  M. 

HOWE  FAMILY. — Who  was  the  grandfather 
of  Owen  Howe,  the  regicide?  I  have  con- 


sulted the  'D.N.B.' 


F.  M.  H.  K. 


"Tucs,"  WYKEHAMICAL  NOTION.— Before  I 
knew  that  it  was  also  Prof.  Skeat's  opinion, 
I  had  concluded,  when  beginning  the  study 
of  Irish  Gaelic,  that  the  familiar  English 
verb  to  tivig  must  be  akin  to  Keltic  tuigsinn, 
meaning  to  understand.  It  also  occurred  to 
me  that  the  Wykehamical  word  "tugs," 
which  is  used  to  mean  "I  knew  that  already," 
or  "stale  news,;!  might,  like  brock  for  badger, 
and  other  words  existing  in  English  dialects, 
be  of  Keltic  origin.  I  have  not  access  at 
present  to  the  books  which  have  been  pub- 
lished on  Wykehamical  "notions."  But  this 
branch  of  philology  seems  to  have  some 
interest  for  some  readers  of  CN.  &  Q.,'  and 
so  I  raise  the  question.  E.  S.  DODGSON. 

AMERICAN  LOYALISTS. — On  the  conclusion 
of  the  Revolutionary  War,  when  the  inde- 
pendence of  the  North  American  colonies 
was  established,  a  Commission  was  appointed 
by  the  British  Government  to  inquire  into 
claims  of  American  Loyalists  for  losses  in- 
curred by  them  during  the  war  in  consequence 
of  their  loyalty.  Is  there  any  record  of  the 
proceedings  of  that  Commission,  the  names 
of  the  claimants,  &c.  1  Any  information  on 
this  subject  would  greatly  oblige. 

H.  M.  H. 

ADMIRAL  SIR  T.  HOPSON,  1643-1717.— Can 
any  reader  give  me  information  regarding 
Sir  Thomas  Hopson's  marriage,  his  wife's 
parentage,  &c.  ?  Her  name  was  Elizabeth, 
born  1660-1,  married  circa  1682,  died  and  was 
buried  with  her  husband  at  Weybridge, 
Surrey,  in  1740,  aged  seventy-nine.  Her  arms, 
as  they  appear  impaled  with  those  of  her 
husband  on  his  monument,  are  Quarterly 


arg.  and  gules,  in  the  first  quarter  an  escallop 
shell.  Her  sister  married  a  man  named 
Brambell.  It  has  been  said  that  Lady 
Hopson  was  a  daughter  of  Col.  Skelton,  but 
there  is  no  proof  of  it.  G.  BRIGSTOCKE. 

PUNS  AT  THE  HAYMARKET.  —  Can  any 
reader  put  me  right  as  to  the  authorship, 
title,  and  date  of  production  of  the  theatrical 
absurdity  in  which  the  following  lines  were 
spoken  at  the  "Old  Haymarket:"?  They 
always  struck  me  as  a  highly  amusing 
example  of  sustained  punning  at  a  time 
when  burlesque  held  the  boards  at  many  a 
London  playhouse. 

Though  we've  of  late  a  wig  been  forced  to  wear, 
Our  crown  at  length  has  got  a  little  heir, 
That  is  to  say,  an  heiress — such  a  pearl  I 
In  fact,  our  little  hair 's  a  little  curl. 
There  is  a  suggestion  of  H.  J.  Byron's  style 
in  the  words ;    but  I  cannot  in  my  mind 
connect  them  with  any  of  his  pieces. 

CECIL  CLARKE. 
Junior  Athenaeum  Club. 

SAMUEL  HAYNES.  —  Lieut.  -  General  John 
William  Egerton,  seventh  Earl  of  Bridge- 
water,  born  1753,  died  1823,  married  in  1783 
Charlotte  Catherine  Anne,  only  daughter 
and  heiress  of  Samuel  Haynes,  Esq.  Samuel 
Haynes  died  at  Sunninghill,  18  June,  1811, 
and  his  widow  at  Little  Gaddesden  in  1813. 
Whose  son  was  Samuel  Haynes  1 

C.  H.  MAYO. 
Long  Burton,  Sherborne. 


OUR    OLDEST    PUBLIC    SCHOOL. 

(10th  S.  i.  166,  215,  257.) 
As  lam  the   "common  vouchee"  for  the 
claims  of  both  Canterbury  and  York  to  the 
title  at  the  head   of  this  article,  and  also 
for  the  antiquity  of  Warwick  and  Kingston- 
on-Thames,  I  should  like  to  make  "a  personal 
explanation  "    in    answer     to    your    corre- 
spondents R.  F.-J.  S.,  MR.  BAYLEY,  and  G.  T., 
and  help  to  set  at  rest  the  vexed  question  of 
relative  priority  among  our  schools.     In  an 
article  in  the  Fortnightly  Review),  November, 
1892,  I  did,  unfortunately,  give  the  history  of 
St.   Peter's,  York,   under   the  title  of   'Our 
Oldest  School,'  being  then  under  the  impres- 
sion    that,    Canterbury     being    a    monastic 
cathedral,  the  present  King's  School  could 
not  claim  any  real  pre-Reformation  existence. 
But  further  inquiry   showed   that  the  real 
Canterbury  Grammar  School  was  not  in  the 
monastery,   was  independent  of  the  monks 
and  under  the  direct  control  of  the  Arch 


270 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


i.  APRIL  2,  190*. 


bishops,  and  that  it  has  a  fairly  continuous 
record  from  1259  till  the  last  head  master  of 
the  City  or  Archbishop's  School  became  the 
first  head  master  of  the  King's  School.  Its 
precedence  over  York  is  established  by  a 
mention  in  Bede,  a  propos  of  Sigebert,  King 
of  the  East  Angles  631-44.  The  recantation 
in  favour  of  Canterbury,  and  the  evidence 
for  it,  were  set  out  in  the  Times,  1  September, 
1897,  and  Guardian,  12  and  19  January, 
1898. 

Whence  R.   F.-J.  S.  gets  the  date  of  1042 
for  Warwick  I  am  at  a  loss  to  conceive.    It 
certainly   has   no   warrant   in  documentary 
evidence.    Warwick  School  does  rejoice  in  a 
piece  of  conclusive  evidence  of  its  continuity 
from    the    days  of   Edward   the  Confessor, 
which,   though  only  in  a  fifteenth-century 
chartulary,  is  no  doubt  authentic.    It  is  a 
writ  of  Henry  1.  addressed  to  Earl  Roger  of 
Warwick,  followed  by  a  deed  of  the  same  earl 
in    1123.      I    published    a    translation    and 
account  of  this  and  other  early  documents 
as  to  the  school  in  the  Westminster  Gazette, 
26  July,  1894.    This  document  does  not  make 
Warwick  "  our  oldest  school,"  and  I  carefully 
headed  the  article  '  One  of  our  Oldest  Schools.' 
The  fact  is  that  the  question  of  the  relative 
antiquity  of  the  schools  mentioned  is  a  fairly 
simple  one.     A   "public"  school  is   only  a 
grammar  school  which  has  acquired  a  certain 
status  of  reputation.     The  proper  name  of 
Winchester  and  of  Eton  is  "the   Grammar 
School  of  the  College  of  Our  Blessed  Lady 
of"  Winchester  and  Eton  respectively.  Every 
secular  cathedral  and  collegiate  church  of  the 
"old   foundation"   was   bound   to   maintain 
such  a  grammar  school  as  an  essential  part 
of   its  foundation,  and  if  the  cathedral  was 
monastic,  the  bishop,  and  not  the  chapter, 
maintained,   or   at    least  looked   after,   the 
school.    So,  if  the  relative  antiquity  of  the 
churches  or  the  bishoprics  can  be  settled,  the 
relative  antiquity  of  the  schools  is  settled 
also.    So  Canterbury  comes  before  York,  St. 
Paul's  before  Hereford  ;  and  if  the  collegiate 
church  of  Warwick  was  founded,  as  I  con 
jecture,  by  Ethelfleda,  then  its  school  come 
before  that  of  Beverley,  founded  by  Athelstan , 
while  Ottery  St.  Mary's,  founded  1334,  comes 
before  Winchester,  1382  ;  and  Higham  Ferrers 
1422,  before  Eton,  1442,  and  so  on. 

If  the  relative  antiquity  were  to  be 
determined  by  the  earliest  mention  of  any 
school  or  schoolmaster,  still  Canterbury  hold; 
the  field,  followed  by  York  and  St.  Paul's 
while  Warwick  still  comes  before  Beverley 
It  must  not  be  understood  that  the  names 
mentioned  are  a  complete  list  in  order  oi 
seniority,  since  other  schools  come  in  before 


Warwick,  and  scores  of  others  before  Win- 
hester  and   Eton.     Apart  from    collegiate 
stablishments,     the    question    of    priority 
Becomes   a   matter  of  chance   reference.     I 
xmnd  Kingston  casually  mentioned  in  a  Prior's 
Register   at    Canterbury    while  looking  for 
^nterbury  School.    Whole  crops  of  schools 
turn  up  in  the  first  half  of  the  fourteenth 
century.    Some  Yorkshire  examples  are  given 
in  'Early  Yorkshire  Schools,'  1899  and  1903  ; 
while  a  Lincolnshire  batch  in  1327  appears  in 
;he  list  in  '  English  Schools  at  the  Reforma- 
tion,' 1896.  ARTHUR  F.  LEACH. 
34,  Elm  Park  Gardens,  S.W. 

CHELSEA  PHYSIC  GARDEN  (10th  S.  i.  227).— 

The  question  of  MR.  S.  L.  PETTY  very  much 

interests  me,  and  at  the  same  time  gives  me 

an  opportunity  of  correcting  a  widespread 

rror. 

The  condition  under  which  what  is  now 
the  Society  of  Apothecaries  of  London  was 
granted  the  freehold  named  has  long  since 
been  fully  complied  with,  and  if  MR.  PETTY 
will  communicate  with  me,  I  will  send  him 
much  further  information  direct.  What  more 
concerns  me,  and  the  Society  of  Apothecaries 
of  London  particularly,  is  the  very  prevalent 
opinion  that  it  was  Sir  Hans  Sloane  who 
originally  granted  this  freehold.  Such,  how- 
ever, is  not  the  case.  Many  '  N.  &,  Q.'  readers 
know  that  I  am  the  Secretary  of  the  Associa- 
tion of  the  Assistant  Licentiates  of  the 
Apothecaries'  Halls,  London  and  Dublin,  and 
that  I  have  made  myself  thoroughly  conver- 
sant with  the  history  of  both  bodies.  This 
is  neither  the  place  nor  the  time  to  discuss 
this  matter ;  but  such  as  are  interested 
should  look  up  '  Old  and  New  London '  and 
the  '  Middlesex '  volumes  of  the  '  Beauties 
of  England  and  Wales,'  1816.  In  the  mean- 
time one  quotation  from  the  latter  work  will 
show  that  Sir  Hans  was  not  the  original 
benefactor  to  the  then  Apothecaries'  Com- 
pany (vide  vol.  x.  p.  84,  under  '  Chelsea') : — 

"  As  an  institution  connected  with  the  advance- 
ment of  useful  knowledge,  the  Apothecaries' Garden 
must  be  considered  one  of  the  most  desirable  orna- 
ments of  this  village.  This  is  situate  on  the  margin 
of  the  Thames,  and  comprises  between  three  and 
four  acres.  In  the  year  1673  Charles  Cheyne,  Esq., 
then  lord  of  the  manor  of  Chelsea,  demised  to  the 
Company  of  Apothecaries  this  plot  of  ground,  for  a 
lease  of  sixty-one  years  ;  and  the  garden  was  soon 
stocked  with  a  satisfactory  variety  of  medicinal 
plants.  It  was  here  that  Sir  Hans  Sloane  studied, 
at  an  early  period,  his  favourite  science ;  and,  at 
the  expiration  of  the  original  lease,  that  eminent 
person  granted  the  freehold  of  the  premises  to  the 
Company  of  Apothecaries,  on  certain  salutary  con- 
ditions, &c. 

Later  in  the  same  article  we  learn : — 


10*  s.  i.  APRIL  2,  loot.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


271 


"The  eminent  Philip  Miller  was  long  gardener 
here,  and  he  published  in  1730  a  catalogue  of  the 
plants,  which  was  reprinted,  with  additions,  in 
1739." 

'I  refer  MR.  PETTY  to  this  catalogue,  and 
to  many  others  issued  subsequently  ;  also  to 
'An  Accurate  Survey  of  the  Botanic  Garden 
at  Chelsea,'  and  many  similar  works  which 
will  be  readily  shown  him  if  he  pays  a  visit 
to  the  Apothecaries'  Hall  at  Blackfriars. 

In  vol.  x.  part  ii.  of  the  '  Beauties  of  Eng- 
land and  Wales,'  1814,  p.  437,  occurs  the  fol- 
lowing, where,  it  will  be  observed,  no  mention 
of  a  quitrent  of  51.  is  made  : — 

"The  freehold  of  the  Physic  Garden  at  Chelsea 
was  given  to  the  Apothecaries  by  Sir  Hans  Sloane, 
upon  condition  that  they  should  present  annually 
to  the  Royal  Society  fifty  new  plants  till  the 
number  should  amount  to  2,000.  This  condition 
,was  punctually  fulfilled,  and  the  specimens  are  yet 
preserved  in  the  Society's  collection." 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D.,  F.R.Hist.S. 
Bradford. 

In  'Memoirs  of  the  Botanic  Garden  at 
Chelsea,'  by  the  late  Henry  Field,  revised 
by  R.  H.  Semple,  M.D.,  1878,  the  most 
important  covenants  of  the  conveyance  from 
Sir  Hans  Sloane  are  given,  the  one  alluded 
to  by  Mr.  W.  C.  Hazlitt,  in  the  Antiquary  of 
1885,  stating  that  the  Master,  Wardens,  and 
Society  shall  have  the 
"parcel  of  arable  and  pasture  ground  situate  at 

Chelsea,   in  the    County  of    Middlesex, paying 

to  Sir   Hans   Sloane,    his   heirs   and  assigns,   the 

¥jarly  rent  of  51.,  and  rendering  yearly  to  the 
resident,  Council,  and  Fellows  of  the  Royal  Society 
of  London  fifty  specimens  of  distinct  plants,  well 
dried  and  preserved,  which  grew  in  their  garden 
the  same  year,  with  their  names  or  reputed  names  ; 
and  those  presented  in  each  year  to  be  specifically 
different  from  (those  of)  every  former  year  until  the 
number  of  two  thousand  shall  have  been  delivered." 

It  is  further  ordered  that  if  this  condition  is 
not  complied  with  and  the  garden  is  diverted 
from  its  desired  object  it  shall  be  lawful  for 
Sir  Hans  Sloane  to  re-enter  into  possession 
of  the  premises, 

"  to  hold  them  in  trust  for  the  Royal  Society,  sub- 
ject to  the  same  rent,  and  to  the  delivery  of  speci- 
mens of  plants,  as  above  mentioned,  to  the  President 
of  the  College  or  Commonalty  or  Faculty  of  Physic, 
in  London ;  and  in  case  the  Royal  Society  shall 
refuse  to  comply  with  these  conditions,  then  in 
trust  for  the  President  and  College  of  Physicians  in 
London,  subject  to  the  same  conditions  as  the 
Society  of  Apothecaries  were  originally  charged 
with." 

It  would  seem  that  there  is  no  doubt  that 
the  desired  conditions  were  duly  complied 
with,  for  on  15  December,  1773,  when  Mr. 
William  Curtis  was  elected  to  the  vacant 
office  of  Demonstrator  of  Plants  and  Prsefectus 
Horti,  some  very  elaborate  regulations  set 


forth  his  duties.  There  were  six  of  them, 
but  it  is  only  with  the  fifth  that  we  have  to 
do.  It  sets  forth  that 

"  he  is  yearly  to  prepare  fifty  dried  specimens  from 
plants  growing  in  the  Society's  Garden  at  Chelsea, 
which  are  to  be  presented  to  the  Royal  Society,  by 
direction  of  the  late  Sir  Hans  Sloane,  Bart.,  having 
been  first  approved  by  the  Court  of  Assistants  of 
this  Society." 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  the  Society  was 
fully  alive  to  what  was  required  from  it. 
Writing  in  1820,  Mr.  Field,  in  reference  to  the 
tenure  on  which  the  garden  is  held  by  the 
Society  of  Apothecaries,  states  that  the  con- 
dition as  to  the  presentation  of  two  thousand 
plants  "had  been  long  before  fulfilled."  He 
further  says  that  a  "  much  larger  number  had 
been  given  than  the  condition  demanded,  but 
it  is  not  easy  to  ascertain  when  the  presenta- 
tion ceased."  Prof.  W.  T.  Brande,  one  of  the 
secretaries  of  the  Royal  Society,  states  that 
the  last  presentation  of  plants  took  place  on 
17  February,  1774,  being  the  fifty-first  annual 
presentation,  the  whole  amounting  to  2,550 
plants.  The  author  adds  : — 

"  It  is  perfectly  certain  that  the  plants  were  pre- 
sented long  subsequently  to  that  time,  but  the 
delivery  must  either  have  taken  place  at  irregular 
periods,  or  if  otherwise  the  minute  books  of  the 
Society  of  Apothecaries  have  not  regularly  noticed 
it.  The  last  presentation  of  fifty  plants  mentioned 
in  those  minutes  is  in  October,  1794,  the  last  pre- 
ceding that  being  in  October,  1791.  The  entries  in 
former  years  appear  to  have  been  equally  irregular.'' 

W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 
C2,  The  Almshouses,  Rochester  Row,  S.W. 

To  any  who  are  interested  in  the  Chelsea 
Physic  Gardens  I  would  recommend  the 
perusal  of  a  very  interesting  account  by  MR. 
JOHN  T.  PAGE  (an  old  correspondent  of 
'  N.  &  Q.')  which  appeared  in  the  East  End 
News  of  10  August,  1898,  also  '  X.  &  Q.,'  5th  S. 
iii.  230,  380. 

The  Standard  of  3  December,  1898,  con- 
tained a  legal  notice  from  the  Charity  Com- 
missioners on  the  intended  alterations,  and 
comments  thereon  will  be  found  on  24  March 
and  3  and  21  May,  1899.  An  account  of  the 
opening  of  the  new  laboratories  by  Lord 
Cadogan,  with  a  sketch  of  the  history  of  the 
gardens  since  their  foundation  in  1653,  will 
be  found  in  the  Standard  of  2G  July,  1902. 
The  article  thus  concludes  : — 

"  One  interesting  relic  of  Old  London  will  be 
turned  to  useful  account,  without  any  of  its  land- 
marks being  removed  or  its  character  essentially 
altered." 

EVERARD   HOME   COLEMAX. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

[MR.  HOLDEX  MAcMicHAEL  also  sends  extracts 
from  Mr.  Field's  work.] 


272 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io»  s.  i.  APRIL  2, 190*. 


"Go  FOR"=ATTACK  (10th  S.  i.  225).— An 
expressive  if  inelegant  extension  of  this 
phrase  is  to  "go  for  it  bald-headed,"  i.e.,  to 
proceed  in  any  course  with  energy,  vehe- 
mence, haste,  &c.,  as  if  one  had  no  time  to 
put  one's  hat  on,  or  in  spite  of  the  drawback 
of  the  hirsute  deficiencies  of  old  age  : — 

"M.  Jean  de  Bonnefon  is  a  brilliant  journalist, 
who  wields  a  mordant  pen  in  several  Parisian  dailies, 
and  whose  great  delight  it  is,  as  a  Radical  of  the 
Paul  Pert  school,  to  pitch  into  the  Papal  Nunciature 
here  whenever  occasion  offers.  Of  late  especially 
he  has  been  '  going  for  it  bald-headed.'"— M. A. P.. 
May  13(?),  1899. 

J.    HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

GUIDE  TO  MANOR  KOLLS  (10th  S.  i.  169, 
198).— I  thank  the  Editor  for  his  courteous 
suggestion  that  I  should  try  Miss  Thoyts's 
'  How  to  Decipher  Old  Documents.'  I  regret 
to  say  that  I  have  not  found  that  work  of 
much  service  in  matters  of  real  difficulty. 
Probably,  however,  my  difficulties  arise  only 
from  my  own  ignorance,  and  I  shall  be 
grateful  if  any  readers  will  kindly  extend 
the  following  for  me— the  portions  to  me 
unintelligible  being  in  italics  :— 

"  Vas.  J.  Davy  quer  de  J.  Boscawen  [and  others] 
m  liij  pi.  tns.  Et  atth  sunt"  (temp.  Henry  VI.). 

"No""  is  a  marginal  note  opposite  entry  of 
a  relief  (same  date). 
TThe  Earl  of  Oxford  does  fealty  "Et  r  jd. 

Et  iV  sumi' p'est  distring  d'cu'  comitem 

ad  fac  domino  homagium  "  (same  date). 

"Die.  Joh'em  Veer  comit'  ad  faciend'  D'no 
Homag'  Et  quia  p'poitns  non  distr  "  (same  date). — 
What  is  the  full  formula? 

"  Dis.  Dat'est  Cur'  inte''  qd  Johannes  Gerves  [and 
others]  inveneruut  ...j  hogsede  vini,"  &c.  (same 
date). 

Over  the  name  of  a  man  presented  to 
reeveship  is  "  Jur'  dj' "  (Henry  VII.). 

These  are  samples.  I  regret  my  inability 
to  get  assistance  in  the  book  referred  to. 

YGREC. 

Every  series  of  '  X.  &  Q.,'  except  the  first, 
contains  notices  on  this  subject.  At  8th  S.  i. 
247,  380,  are  long  and  instructive  articles  on 
the  matter.  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

Some  help  is  given  and  sources  of  more 
are  indicated  in  the  Yorkshire  Archaeological 
Journal,  x.  68  ;  Archceologia,  xlvii.  89-130. 

W.  C.  B. 

SOULAC  ABBEY  (10th  S.  i.  209).— The  most 
important  work  on  Soulac  Abbey  is  '  Sainte 
Veronique,  Apotre  de  1'Aquitain'e,  son  Tom- 
beau  et  son  Culte  a  Soulac,  ou  N.  D.  de  la  Fin 
des  Terres,'  by  Abbe  Mezaret  (8vo,  Toulouse, 
1877).  Other  works  on  the  subject  are : — 
'  Soulac  et  N.  D.  de  la  Fin  des  Terres,'  par 
Dora.  Gregoire  Thomas  (16mo,  Bordeaux, 


1882) ;  and  '  N.  D.  de  la  Fin  des  Terres  de 
Soulac,'  par  Dom.  Bernard  Marechaux,  Cure 
de  Soulac  (18mo,  Bordeaux,  1893). 

ROBERT  B.  DOUGLAS. 
64,  Rue  des  Martyrs,  Paris. 

DICKENS  QUERIES  (10th  S.  i.  228).— The 
ballad  relating  to  a  hackney-coachman,  with 
the  chorus  of  "Tamaroo,'  is  undoubtedly 
authentic,  and  was  sung  at  Winchester 
School  some  seventy  years  ago.  As  far  as  I 
can  remember,  the  first  verse  (I  am  sure  of 
the  first  line  thereof)  ran  as  under  : — 

Ben  he  was  a  coachman  rare — 

["  Jarvey  !  Jarvey  ! "  "  Here  am  I,  your  honour."] 

Crikey  !  how  he  used  to  swear  ! 

How  he  'd  swear  and  how  he  'd  drive — 

Number  two  hundred  and  sixty-five — 
Tamaroo,  tamaroo,  tamaroo. 

He  is  engaged  by  his  Satanic  Majesty   to 
drive  him  home.     So  accordingly — 
Jarvey  he  drove  down  Pall  Mall 
Until  he  came  to  the  gates  of  Hell, 
But  he  wouldn't  go-first  to  the  gulf  of  sin. 
So  he  turned  and  backed  the  Devil  in, 
Tamaroo,  tamaroo,  tamaroo. 

I  have  no  idea  where  the  ballad  could  be 
seen,  or,  indeed,  if  it  ever  was  in  print,  and 
the  above  is  about  all  that  I  can  remember 
of  it.  G.  E.  C. 

The  word  "Tamaroo"  comes  from  an  old 
song  which  used  to  be  sung  at  Winchester 
when  I  was  a  boy.  Each  boy  nad  to  write  out 
a  certain  number  of  "College  songs"  and 
keep  them  in  a  book.  These  songs  were 
sung  just  before  "toy  time"  in  "Chambers" 
for  a  fortnight  in  succession.  I  think  that 
the  song  in  question  was  called  '  Jarvey.' 
The  first  stanza  ran  : — 

Ben  was  a  hackney-coachman  rare — 

"Jarvey !  Jarvey !"  "  Here  I  am,  your  honour ! " 

Crackey  !  how  he  used  to  swear — 
Tamaroo  ! 

How  he  'd  swear,  and  how  he'd  drive  ! 

Number  three  hundred  and  sixty-five. 

A  description  of  these  songs  may  be  found 
in  Tuck  well's  'Winchester  Fifty  Years  Ago' 
(Macmillan),  p.  88.  But  I  imagine  that  Mr. 
Wells,  the  bookseller  to  Winchester  School, 
would  be  the  most  likely  source  of  informa- 
tion respecting  the  songs  and  song-book. 

One  of  the  Winchester  "  notions  "^  which 
was  never  explained  was  "  biddy,"  which  was 
the  name  of  the  earthenware  bath  which 
stood  behind  the  door  in  College  chambers. 
I  believe  it  to  be  nothing  else  than  the  French 
word  bidet.  HERBERT  A.  STRONG. 

University,  Liverpool. 

YEOMAN  OF  THE  CROWN  (10th  S.  i.  208).— The 
Mayor  of  Faversham  no  doubt  derived  his 
title  of  "Yeoman  of  the  Crown"  from  the 


i.  APRIL  2, 1904.]         XOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


273 


fact  that  the  manor  and  the  most  consider- 
able part  of  the  site  of  the  Abbey  of  Favers- 
ham  and  its  demesnes  continued  in  the  Crown 
till  the  reign  of  Charles  I.  Consequently  the 
duties  of  the  office  of  Yeoman  of  the  Crown 
related  directly  to  the  interests  of  the  Crown. 
These  duties  would  probably  come  under  the 
designation  of  servitium  regale,  or  royal  ser- 
vice, which  comprised  the  rights  and  pre- 
rogatives that  within  a  royal  manor  belonged 
to  the  king.  These  rights,  according  to 
Cowel's  'Interpreter,'  were  generally  reckoned 
to  be  six  :  — 
1.  Power  of  judicature  in  matters  of  pro- 


2.  Power  of  life  and  death  in  felonies  and 
murders. 

3.  A  right  to  waifs  and  strays. 

4.  Assessments. 

5.  Minting  of  money. 

6.  Assize    of    bread,    beer,    weights,    and 
measures. 

"All  these  entire  Privileges  were  annex'd," 
says  Cowel,  "to  some  Manors  in  their  Grant 
from  the  King,  and  were  sometimes  conveyed 
in  the  Charters  of  Donation  to  religious 
Houses." 

In  the  third  Act  of  Edward  IV.,  cap.  v.,  as 
to  "  what  kind  of  apparel  men  and  women  of 
every  vocation  and  degree  are  allowed,  and 
what  prohibited  to  wear,"  it  is  stipulated 
that 

"no  esquire  nor  gentleman,  nor  none  other  under 
the  degrees  above  rehearsed,  shall  wear  from  the 
said  feast  [the  Purification]  any  damask  or  satin, 
except  the  menial  esquires,  sergeants  officers  of  the 
King's  house,  ytomtn  of  the  Crown,  yeomen  of  the 
King's  chamber,  and  esquires,  and  gentlemen  having 
possessions  to  the  yearly  value  of  a  hundred  pounds 
by  year,  upon  pain  to  forfeit  to  the  King  for  every 
default  a  hundred  shillings." 

J.   HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

From  Sir  Thomas  Smith's  little  book  '  The 
Commonwealth  of  England  '  I  gather  that 
this  expression  has  nothing  to  do  with  an 
office.  This  treatise,  written  in  1565,  when 
the  author  was  ambassador  in  France,  as 
Strype  tells  us  ('Life  of  the  Learned  Sir 
Thomas  Smith,'  p.  117,  London,  1698),  is 
divided  into  three  books,  the  twenty-third 
chapter  of  the  first  bearing  the  title  'Of 
Yeomen,'  which  contains  no  mention  of  any 
such  officer  as  Yeoman  of  the  Crown.  On 
this  authority  we  may  therefore  conclude 
that  he  did  not  exist,  otherwise  he  would 
have  been  named.  When  Henry  Sayer,  of 
Faversham,  is  described  as  having  been 
"  mayor  and  yeoman  of  the  Crown,"  nothing 
more  is  meant  than  that  he  had  filled  the 
office  of  mayor  and  had  been  by  condition  a 
yeoman  of  the  Crown.  He  might  have  held 


his  land  directly  from  the  Crown  ;  if  not, 
the  appellation  doubtless  derived  its  origin 
from  causes  such  as  Sir  Thomas  Smith  speak* 
of  in  the  tenth  chapter  of  his  third  book, 
where  he  writes  : — 

"For  no  man  holdeth  Land  simply  free  in  England, 
but  he  or  she  that  holdeth  the  Crown  of  England  : 
all  others  hold  their  land  in  fee,  that  is,  upon  a 
faith  or  trust,  and  some  service  to  be  done  to 
another  Lord  of  a  Manner,  as  superiour,  and  he 
againe  of  an  higher  Lord,  till  it  come  to  the  Prince, 
and  him  that  holdeth  the  Crowne.  So  that  if  a- 
man  die,  and  it  be  found  that  hee  hath  land  which 
hee  holdeth,  but  of  whom  no  man  can  tell,  this  is 
understood  to  be  holden  of  the  Crowne,  and  in 
capite." — 'The  Commonwealth  of  England,' p.  256, 
London,  1640. 

I  take  it  that  a  testator  in  such  a  case  as 
this  might  very  properly  be  described  as  a 
yeoman  of  the  Crown.  JOHN  T.  CURRY. 

Two  long  articles  bearing  this  title,  by  the 
late  learned  antiquary  JOHN  GOUGH  NICHOLS, 
were  given  just  forty-three  years  ago  (see 
2nd  S.  xi.  124,  251).  They  conclude  with  these 
.sentences,  which  may  prove  of  sufficient 
information  for  many  of  your  readers : — 

"  In  short,  they  appear  to  have  been  the  original 
bodyguard  of  the  King,  before  the  larger  corps  of 
Yeomen  of  the  Guard  was  established. 

"The  old  statutes  of  the  household referred  to, 

were  those  of  King  Edward  III."  (1327-77). 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

COBWEB  PILLS  (10th  S.  i.  205).— The  astonish- 
ingly hardy  superstitions  relating  to  the  effi- 
cacy of  spider  and  spider-web  swallowing  in 
folk-medicine  probably  owe  their  survival,  if 
not  their  exact  origin,  to  the  tradition  that 
a  spider  spun  his  web  over  Christ  in  the 
manger,  and  hid  Him  from  Herod,  upon 
which  ensued  a  superstitious  objection  to 
destroying  spiders.  Speaking  of  the  spider- 
cure  for  an  ague,  Burton,  in  his  'Anatomic  of 
Melancholy '  (part.  ii.  sect.  v.  memb.  i.  sub- 
sect,  vi.),  says : — 

"  Being  in  the  Country  in  the  vacation  time,  not 
many  years  since,  at  Lindley,  in  Leicestershire,  my 
Father's  house,  I  first  observed  this  amulet  of  a, 
spider  in  a  nut-shell  lapped  in  silk,  &c.,  so  applied 
for  an  Ague  by  my  Mother  ;  whom  although  I  knew 
to  have  excellent  Skill  in  Chirurgery,  sore  eyes, 
aches,  &c.,  and  such  experimental  medicines,  as  all 

the  country  where  she  dwelt  can  witness, yet 

among  all  other  experiments,  this  methought  was 
most  absurd  and  ridiculous till  at  length,  ram- 
bling amongst  authors  (as  I  often  do),  I  found  this 
very  medicine  in  Dioscorides,  approved  by  Matthio- 
lus,  repeated  by  Aldrovandus,  rap.  de  araiiea,  fib. 
de  insect  is,  I  began  to  have  a  better  opinion  of  it." 
—Ed.  1893,  vol.  ii.  p.  290. 

The  web  of  a  spider  is  in  Lincolnshire  a  sure 
cure  for  ague  (HardwicTce's  Science  Gossfa 
first  series,  ii.  83).  The  Glasgow  working 


274: 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io<"  s.  i.  APRIL  2, 190*. 


man  used  to  take  a  pill  of  spider's  web  every 
morning  before  breakfast,  for  three  successive 
days.  This  was  thought  to  bring  about  the 
speedy  and  satisfactory  cure  of  ague  (see 
further  Black's  •  Folk-Medicine,'  pp.  60,  61).  A 
spider  was  rolled  in  butter  for  jaundice  ('  West 
Sussex  Folk-lore,'  in  the  Folk-lore  Record, 
vol.  i.  See  also,  for  spider  superstitions,  the 
Folk-lore  Journal,  vol.  ii.  p.  219).  Spiders 
are  still  considered  in  remote  parts  of  Somer- 
setshire efficacious  remedies  for  ague,  a  com- 
mon disease  in  the  low-lying  district  of  the 
parish  of  Brean.  Sometimes  a  live  spider  is 
put  in  water,  and  when  "  he  do  curly  up," 
both  water  and  spider  are  swallowed  together 
('The  Seaboard  of  Mendip,'  by  Francis  A. 
Knight,  1902,  p.  296).  The  same  process  is 
seen  in  an  old  recipe  which  comes  from 
Nuremberg  :  "  Take  a  fine  fat  spider,  remove 
its  legs  and  shell,  dip  it  in  water,  rub  it  over 
4<with  butter,  and— swallow  it"  (the  Royal 
Mag.,  Jan.,  1904). 

"  Some  chirurgeons  there  be  that  cure  warts  in 
this  manner  :  they  take  a  spider's  web,  rolling  the 
same  upon  a  round  heap  like  a  ball,  and  laying  it 
upon  the  wart :  they  then  set  fire  on  it,  and  so  turn 
it  to  ashes,  and  by  this  way  and  order  the  warts 
are' eradicated,  that  they  never  after  grow  again."— 
Topsel's  '  Hist,  of  Four-footed  Beasts,'  pp.  789  and 
1073 ;  originally  taken  from  the  '  Monfeti  Insectorum 
Theatrum,'  p.  237,  London,  1634. 

Longfellow,   in  his  'Evangeline,'  alludes  to 
the  nutshell  form  of  the  remedy  :— 

Only  beware  of  the  fever,  my  friends,  beware  of  the 

fever  ! 

For  it  is  not  like  that  of  our  old  Accadian  climate 
Cured  by  wearing  a  spider  hung  round  one's  neck  in 

a  nutshell  1 

J.  HOLDEN  MAC-MICHAEL. 
[Having  accidentally  chewed  a  spider  baked  in  a 
loaf,  we  are  in  a  position  to  discourage  a  repetition 
of  the  experiment.     Whatever  curative  effects  it 
might  have,  the  taste  is  indescribably  bitter.] 

'NICHOLAS  NICKLEBY':  CAPT.  CUTTLE  (10th 
S.  i.  166,  217).— Three  families  of  the  name 
Cuttle,  and  two  of  the  name  Cuttel,  live 
in  this  district.  In  fact,  the  name  is  not 
considered  uncommon  at  all  in  Yorkshire. 
CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Bradford. 

In  the  contiguous  parish  of  Watford, 
Northamptonshire,  is  a  field  known  by  the 
name  of  Cottles.  When  visiting  the  village 
of  Long  Itchington,  Warwickshire,  I  have 
frequently  passed  by  an  inn  bearing  the  sign 
of  "The  Cuttle  Inn."  It  stands  beside  the 

°awalV  u  ^  JOHN  T-  PAGE- 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

TICKLING  TROUT  (9th  S.  xii.  505  ;  10th  S.  i. 
154).— It  is  quite  possible  that  the  mode  of 


tickling  trout  is  not  the  same  in  every  locality. 
"Tickling  for  trout "  is  the  phrase  here.  It 
is  no  offence  to  tickle  trout,  but  it  is  to  be 
engaged  in  "  illegal  fishing,"  and  this  is  the 
form  of  charge  when  proceedings  are  taken 
against  poachers  for  fish.  As  gamekeepers 
and  witnesses  invariably  call  the  offence 
"tickling  for  trout,"  so  the  offence  gets  de- 
scribed in  newspaper  paragraphs.  I  have 
heard  it  said  in  evidence  that  "  the  more  you 
tickle  trout  the  better  they  like  it,"  and  in 
fact  remain  motionless  while  the  tickling 

Soes  on.  He  who  may,  let  him  believe, 
'ish-ticklers  always  wade  up  stream  here,  so 
as  to  be  behind  their  quarry,  and  fish  when 
stationary  in  the  water  lie  with  heads  towards 
the  flow  of  water.  As  a  lad  I  often  saw  fish 
"  tickled  for";  but  then  such  was  no  offence. 

THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 
Worksop. 

At  least  thirty  years  ago  I  remember  an 
old  lady  (long  since  dead)  describing  to  me 
how  she,  as  the  daughter  of  the  agent  of  the 
owner  of  property  near  the  "  Loggerheads  " 
Hotel,  close  to  Mold,  in  Flintshire,  was  herself 
accustomed  as  a  girl  to  tickle  trout  in  the 
pools  of  the  estate  by  hand,  as  usually  under- 
stood. T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 

Lancaster. 

LECHE  FAMILY  (10th  S.  i.   207).  —  On  the 
south   aisle  wall   of    Stepney   Church    is    a 
tablet  bearing  the  following  inscription  : — 
In    memory  of 
Henry  Leche 

Clerk 
late  Rector  of  this 

Parish 

who  died  June  ye  15th 
1742. 

Above  it  are  a  coat  of  arms  and  crest  as 
follows  :  Arms,  Ermine,  on  a  chief  indented 
gules  three  crowns  or ;  crest,  a  cubit  arm 
erect,  grasping  a  leech  or  snake  environed 
round  the  arm.  Leche  held  the  rectory  from 
1727  to  1742.  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

THE  HONOUR  OF  TUTBURY  (10Ul  S.  i.  127, 
195).— My  query  on  the  above  subject  was 
suggested  by  the  following  passage  in  'A 
Pictorial  Guide  to  Birmingham/  published 
in  1849  :  — 

"Another  ancient  court,  which  had  for  many 
years  become  nearly  obsolete,  having  been  super- 
seded by  local  courts  of  requests,  but  which  has 
been,  in  some  measure,  revived  by  the  late  changes 
in  the  recovery  of  small  debts  [the  author  is  here 
referring  to  the  Act  of  1847  which  created  county 
courts],  is  the  court  of  the  Honour  of  Tutbury  and 
Duchy  of  Lancaster,  commonly  called  '  The  Three 
Weeks  Court.'  Its  cognizance  is  limited  to  debts 
under  4Ck  This  honour  belongs  to  the  Crown,  as 


.  i.  APRH.  2, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


275 


part  of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster,  and  extends  into 
several  counties  and  over  the  principal  part  of  the 
Hundred  of  Herulingford,  with  some  other  places 
also  within  this  county." 

I  am  greatly  obliged  to  MR.  HOLDEN 
MACMICHAEL  for  his  reference  to  the  Wood- 
mote  Court,  but  I  fear  it  does  not  help  me 
to  understand  how  the  Honour  of  Tutbury 
came  to  have  power  to  hold  a  court  for  the 
recovery  of  small  debts  within  the  Hundred 
of  Hemlingford,  when  the  hundred  possessed 
a  court  of  its  own  capable  of  performing  that 
service.  Have  any  records  of  the  Duchy  of 
Lancaster  been  published  which  would  be 
likely  to  throw  any  light  on  the  matter  ? 

BENJ.  WALKER. 

Erdington. 

MANITOBA  (10th  S.  i.  206).— Some  years  ago 
a  young  friend  who  had  settled  out  in  this 
region  told  me,  during  one  of  his  visits  home, 
that  the  correct  pronunciation  was  to  accen- 
tuate the  penultimate,  and  that  laying  the 
stress  on  the  final  was  due  only  to  the  theo- 
rizing of  some  learned  persons  who  did  not 
know  the  locality.  E.  E.  STREET. 

PENRITH  (10th  S.  i.  29,  97,  156).— Penrith 
was  so  long  ago  as  June,  1898,  deprived  of 
the  honour  persistently  given  to  it  as  having 
once  been  the  name-place  of  a  bishop.  At 
the  date  mentioned  Mr.  George  Watson,  now 
of  Bournemouth,  contributed  to  the  Penrith 
Observer  a  long  article,  the  result  of  much 
research,  in  which  he  proved  conclusively 
that  there  never  was  a  Bishop  of  Penrith. 
So  far  as  can  be  traced,  it  was  in  Sir  Daniel 
Fleming's  'Description  of  the  County  of 
Cumberland  '  (printed  so  recently  as  1889  by 
the  local  antiquarian  society,  218  years  after 
it  was  written)  that  the  error  was  first  made. 
Writing  of  Penrith,  he  remarked,  "The  church 
is  a  beautiful  edifice,  and  had  the  honour  of  a 
Suffragan  Bishop."  Such  an  authority  as  the 
gossiping  Rydal  historian  would  be  taken  as 
conclusive  on  most  things,  but  in  this  of 
Penrith's  ecclesiastical  greatness  he  was  un- 
questionably wrong.  Unfortunately  later 
comers,  who  "cribbed"  from  the  writings  of 
their  predecessors  without  taking  the  trouble 
to  find  out  what  was  right  and  what  was 
wrong,  perpetuated  the  error.  The  greatest 
einner  in  this  respect  was  T.  Cox,  who,  in  his 
'  Cumberland,'  wrote  :  "  Penrith  Church  is  a 
handsome  and  spacious  edifice,  sufficient  for 
the  reception  of  the  inhabitants  for  God's 
•worship,  and  was  in  King  Henry  VIII.'s  time 
honoured  with  the  title  of  a  Suffragan  Bishop." 
Then  'Crockford's  Clerical  Directory'  has 
long  continued  the  error  by  the  entry,  "1537, 
John  Bird,  Bishop  of  Penrith,"  in  the  list 


of  Bishops  Suffragan.  Mr.  Watson,  by  an 
admirable  collation  of  names,  dates,  and 
facts,  proved  beyond  the  possibility  of  a 
doubt  that  though  John  Bird  was  really  a 
Suffragan  Bishop,  it  was  of  Pentruth,  in  the 
diocese  of  Llandaff,  as  he  filled  this  office 
from  1527  to  1539,  when  he  became  Bishop  of 
Bangor.  The  naming  of  Suffragan  Bishops 
has  occasioned  trouble  in  our  own  time,  for 
so  recently  as  1888,  when  the  Bishop  of  Ripon 
was  given  a  Suffragan,  it  was  decided  to  take 
the  title  of  Penrith,  on  the  supposition  that 
the  Cumberland  town  was  the  place  meant 
by  the  1534  Act.  Bishop  Goodwin  stopped 
that  by  getting. an  amended  Act  passed, 
giving  power  for  a  Suffragan  to  take  his  title 
from  any  place  in  his  own  diocese,  and  we 
get  a  modern  Bishop  of  Richmond  instead  of* 
Suffragan  Bishop  of  Penrith. 

A  quotation  in  'N.  «fc  Q.,'  2nd  S.  ii.  1,  from 
'  The  Book  of  the  British  Hierarchy,'  reads, 
"John  Byrd,  consecrated  June  24  to  Penrith 
by  the  Primate  and  Bishops  of  Rochester  and 
St.  Asaph  ;  translated  to  Bangor  1539,  and 
Chester  August  5th,  1541  (Llandaff)."  These 
names  would  alone  show  .that  it  was  not  the 
Penrith  in  Cumberland  that  was  meant. 

D.  SCOTT. 

Penrith. 

PENN'S  ' FRUITS  OF  SOLITUDE'  (10th  S.  i. 
190). — It  seems  to  have  been  a  very  general 
belief  that  the  inhabitants  of  Lapland  were 
noted  for  witchcraft.  Charles  Kingsley  in 
4  Hereward  the  Wake '  says,  "  Torf rida's  nurse 
was  a  Lapp  woman,  skilled  in  all  the  sor- 
ceries for  which  the  Lapps  were  famed 
throughout  the  North."  HELGA. 

[Nor  uglier  follow  the  night-hag,  when,  call'd 
In  secret,  riding  through  the  air  she  conies, 
Lured  with  the  smell  of  infant  blood,  to  dance 
With  Lapland  witches,  while  the  labouring  moon 
Eclipses  at  their  charms. 

Milton,  '  Par.  Lost,'  book  ii.  11.  662-6.] 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  (10th  S.  i.  168, 
217).— 

To  set  as  sets  the  morning  star,  which  goes,  &c. 
Lucis  is  right  in   his   reference,   somewhat 
dubiously  given,  to  Pollok's  '  Course  of  Time,' 
book  v.     The  passage  occurs  on  p.  180  of  the 
sixth  edition,  1829,  and  begins  :— 
They  set,  &c. 

C.  LAWRENCE  FORD. 

"  HANGED,  DRAWN,  AND  QUARTERED  "  (10th 
S.  i.  209).— For  an  account  of  the  carrying 
out  of  the  high  treason  sentences  after  the 
Civil  War  of  1745-6,  see  Robert  Chambers's 
'  History  of  the  Rebellion  '  in  the  above  years. 
The  first  edition  was  issued  in  "  Constable's 


276 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  i.  APRIL  2,  im 


Miscellany."  If  my  memory  does  not  mislead 
me,  it  contains  a  somewhat  fuller  account  of 
the  revolting  details  than  is  to  be  found  in 
the  later  editions.  Bishop  Challoner's  'Me- 
moirs of  Missionary  Priests/  and  the  con- 
temporary accounts  of  the  execution  of  the 
regicides,  may  be  consulted  with  advantage. 

K.  P.  D.  E. 

"  Hanged "  speaks  for  itself ;  Hotspur 
was  quartered,  and  his  members  distributed 
among  five  different  towns.  "  Drawing  "  is 
equivocal — primarily  to  disembowel ;  but  that 
horrid  process  died  out,  and  a  pretence  thereof 
consisted  in  drawing  the  culprit  on  a  hurdle 
or  a  cart  to  the  place  of  execution.  One 
variation  was  to  drag  the  convict  through 
the  streets  attached  to  a  horse.  A.  H. 

"  KING  OF  PATTERDALE  "  (10th  S.  i.  149, 193). 
—There  are  still  living  in  Cumberland  and 
Westmorland  descendants  of  the  Kings  of 
Patterdale,  though  the  title  long  since  passed 
away.  The  quotation  given  by  DR.  FOR- 
SHAW,  at  the  second  reference,  from  'Beauties 
of  England  and  Wales,'  was  originally  written 
in  Nicolson  and  Burn's  '  History  of  Cumber- 
land and  Westmorland '  (1777).  How  the 
title  came  to  be  bestowed  is  the  subject  of 
more  than  one  local  legend,  but  the  substance 
may  be  given  in  the  following  extract  from 
a  local  book  written  nearly  sixty  years  ago. 
The  only  addition  needed  is  the  remark  that 
the  date  of  the  attack  is  given  approximately 
by  other  gossips  (it  would  be  wrong  to  call 
them  historians)  as  1648  : — 

"The  origin  of  this  fell-environed   kingdom  is 

wrapped  in  some  obscurity;   tradition,   however, 

affirms  that,  in  the  days  of  Scottish  incursion,  E 

band  of  marauders  from  Scotland  were  proceed 

ing  up  New  Church  [now  WatermillockJ  towardb 

Patterdale ;  that  Mr.  John  Mouusey,  who  was  then 

lord  of  the  manor,  raised  the  inhabitants  of  the 

dale,  who  went  forth  under  his  command  to  the 

pass  of  Stybarrow,  where  the  Scots  were  defeatec 

and  driven  back.    The  dalesmen,  overjoyed  at  the 

auspicious  termination  of  the  enterprise,  conferrer 

on  their  leader  the  honorary  title  of  King,  whicl 

has  been  inherited  by  his  descendants  to  this  day. 

The  "  reign  "  came  to  an  end,  so  far  as  th 

"Palace"  was  concerned,  in  1824,  when  Mi 

Marshall,  of  Leeds,  purchased  the  Patterdal 

Hall  estate.     It  is  somewhat  cruel  even  t 

doubt  some  of  the  pretty  stories  told  of  th 

"Kings  of  Patterdale,"  and  all   that  neei 

here  be  said  is  that  if  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q 

turn  to  'A  Fortnight's  Ramble  at  the  Lakes 

(1792),  they  will  find  a  complete  disillusion 

ment.     One   amusing    anecdote,    in    whic" 

another  "  King  "  is  concerned,  is  still  told  b 

the  dalesfolk.    The  neighbouring  valley  c 

Mardale,  at  the  head  of   Haweswater,  fo 

hundreds    of    years   had    as    its    chiefs   th 


[olmes,  a  family  now  almost  extinct  in  the 
irect  line.  When  one  of  the  later  Kings  of 
lardale  and  his  contemporary  the  King  of 
'atterdale  were  boys,  they  were  on  one 
ccasion  staying  with  a  Patterdale  'states- 
nan.  In  the  evening  the  host  gave  them  no 
eace,  teasing  them  about  their  respective 
ingdoms  in  prospect,  and  dwelt  on  the  high 
onour  which  had  befallen  him  of  entertain- 
ng  two  future  kings  under  his  roof  at  once, 
ntil  the  twain  were  thoroughly  tired  of  the 
ubject.  Next  morning  the  yeoman  was  up 
etimes  and  hammered  at  the  door  of  his 
lumbering  guests'  room,  calling  out,  "  Git 
p,  git  up,  an'  come  an'  fodder  t'  yowes" 
the  ewes].  "Fodder  yowes,  indeed  !  Kings 
on't  fodder  yowes,"  called  out  the  future 
Cing  of  Mardale,  as  he  composed  himself  for 
nother  nap,  only  too  pleased  to  be  able  to 
urn  the  tables  on  his  facetious  entertainer. 

DANIEL  SCOTT. 
Penrith. 

"As    MERRY   AS    GRIGGS "    (9th   S.   xii.    506; 

0th  S.   i.  36,  94).^Very  little,  if  anything, 
ms  been    added   in   this  discussion   to  the 
account  of   the  word   grig  in  the   'N.E.D./ 
which  suggests  that  the  sense  "a  grasshopper 
or  cricket"  is  due  to  an  erroneous  inference. 
;t  also  deals  with  the  relation  of  "  a  merry 
rig"  to  "a  merry  Greek." 
Browning,  'Pippa  Passes,'  II.,  has  : — 

Oh  were  but  every  worm  a  maggot, 

Every  fly  a  grig, 
Every  bough  a  Christmas  faggot, 

Every  tune  a  jig  ! 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

Walton  arid  Cotton's  '  Compleat  Angler/ 
parti,  chap,  xiii.,  speaks  of  "the  silver  eel,  and 
green  or  greenish  eel,  with  which  the  river  of 
Thames  abounds,  and  those  are  called  grigs." 

W.  H.  L. 

The  surmise  that  a  "  grigg  "  was  originally 
a  "cricket,"  whence  also  a  grasshopper,  an 
eel,  or  anything  of  a  particularly  lively 
disposition,  may  be  supplemented  by  what 
Prof.  Skeat  has  to  say  upon  the  word  in  his 
'  Concise  Dictionarj' ' : — 

"  Gria,  a  small  eel,  a  cricket  (Scand.).  Weakened 
form  of  crick,  still  preserved  in  crick-ct ;  cf.  Lowl. 
Sc.  crick,  a  tick,  louse.  Swed.  dial,  krik,  kr<ik,  a 
creeping  creature.  .Swed.  dial,  kraka,  to  creep ; 
cf.  (J.  kri(chci>,  to  creep.  In  phr.  '  as  merry  as  a 
(/riff,'  grlfj  is  for  Greek  ('Troil./I.  ii.  118);  IMery- 
greek  is  a  character  in  Udall's  '  Roister  Doister' ; 
from  L.  gracari,  to  live  like  Greeks,  i.e.,  luxu- 
riously." 

Halliwell  is  not  so  "very  decided  "  as  we  are 
told  "in  stating  that  grig  is  a  corruption  of 
Greek"  for  he  says  also  that  its  meaning  in 
various  dialects  is  a  cricket;  in  Suffolk,  a 


s.  i.  APRIL  2, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


277 


small  eel  ;  an  old  cant  term  for  a  farthing  ; 
and  in  Somerset,  verbally,  to  pinch.  "As 
merry  as  a  pismire"  (i e.,  an  ant)  occurs  pro- 
verbially for  the  same  animalculine  reasons. 
"A  merry  grig"  (Cotgraye.  'Diet.,'  1611). 
'•'  1  grew  as  merry  as  a  grig,  and  laughed  at 
every  word  that  was  spoken "  (Goldsmith, 
'Essays,'  vi.,  17G5).  One  cannot  help  think- 
ing that  "Greek"  is  a  corruption  of  "grig" 
through  ignorance  of  the  latter's  dialectal 
signification,  especially  as  a  Greek  is  no 
merrier,  or  more  pleasantly  situated  with 
regard  to  climate,  than  he  of  several  other 
nationalities.  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

"AN  AUSTRIAN  ARMY"  (10th  S.  i.  148,  211, 
258). — According  to  Mr.  Alaric  Alfred  Watts 
'  The  Siege  of  Belgrade '  was  published  by 
his  father  "  in  the  Literary  Gazette,  1820, 
and  never  by  him  reprinted."  "These 
verses,"  he  adds,  "having  been  published 
many  years  after  in  a  London  magazine, 
with  somebody  else's  initials,  I  am  induced 
now  to  claim  them  for  their  writer  for  the 
little  they  are  worth "  ('Alaric  Watts,  a 
Narrative  of  his  Life,'  1884,  vol.  i.  p.  118). 
It  is  to  be  observed  that  the  editors  of  the 
Trifler  make  no  claim  to  the  authorship, 
and  expressly  state  that  this  "  curious  speci- 
men of  poetry  '  was  "presented  to  us  by  a 
friend  "  (p.  233).  G.  F.  R.  B. 

FOSCARINUS  (10th  S.  i.  127,  198).— The  name 
Foscarinus  was  probably  suggested  by  that 
of  the  distinguished  Foscari  family  of  Italy 
(cp.  Litta's  '  Famiglie  Celebri  Italiane,' 
vol.  ix.).  Francesco  Foscari  was  Doge  of 
Venice  from  1423  to  1457.  The  tragic  history 
of  his  son  Jacopo  has  been  poetically  treated, 
as,  for  example,  in  Byron's  'The  Two  Foscari.' 
CHARLES  BUNDY  WILSON. 

The  State  University  of  Iowa,  Iowa  City. 

"  HE  WHO  KNOWS  NOT  "  (10th  S.  i.  167,  235). 
— The    versions    given    at    these    references 
seem  to  me  wanting  in  the  rhythm  and  pith 
of  the  following,  copied  from  the  Spectator 
of  11  August,  1894  (p.  176)  :— 
Men  are  Four. 
The  man  who  knows  nob  that  he  knows  not  aught, 

He  is  a  fool ;  no  light  shall  ever  reach  him. 
Who  knows  he   knows  not,  and    would    fain    be 
taught, 

He  is  but  simple  ;  take  thou  him  and  teach  him. 
But  whoso  knowing,  knows  not  that  he  knows, 

He  is  asleep  ;  go  thou  to  him  and  wake  him. 
The  truly  wise  both  knows,  and  knows  he  knows  ; 

Cleave  thou  to  him,  and  never  more  forsake  him. 

G.  L. 

FRANCO- GERMAN  WAR  (10th  S.  i.  226).— The 
landed  property  of  the  Frenchmen  of  Alsace 
.and  Lorraine  who  refused  to  accept  German 


rule  was  neither  confiscated  nor  sold  to  land 
speculators.  Scheurer-Kestner,  Senator,  kept 
bis  property  at  Thann,  Mathieu  Dreyfus  his 
property  at  Mulhausen,  Edmond  About  at 
Savern,  tkc.  J.  R. 

BOER  WAR  OF  1881  (10th  S.  i.  226).— MAJOR 
MITCHELL  will,  I  think,  find  all  he  requires 
in  Mr.  Thomas  Fortescue  Carter's  '  A  Narra- 
tive of  the  Boer  War  of  1880-1,'  published 
by  Mr.  Macqueen.  Mr.  Carter  was,  I  believe, 
a  war  correspondent  for  the  Natal  Mercury, 
and  was  present  with  the  troops  on  Majuba, 
a  most  graphic  account  of  which  he  gives 
in  his  book.  He  is  one  of  the  leading  advo- 
cates in  Natal,  and  was,  when  I  knew  him 
in  1899,  practising  in  Ladysmith. 

S.  BUTTERWORTH,  Major  R.A.M.  Corps. 

The  Castle,  Carlisle. 

'  The  Complete  Story  of  the  Transvaal  from 
the  "Great  Trek"  to  the  Convention  of 
London,'  by  John  Nixon  (Sampson  Low, 
1885),  written  by  an  eyewitness  of  the  1881 
war,  gives  a  lot  of  detailed  information. 
FRANCIS  J.  A.  SKEET,  Capt.  4  R.D.F. 

The  best  account  of  the  war  in  Natal, 
ending  with  Majuba,  is  in  thelast  four  chapters 
of  Lieut.-General  Sir  Wm.  Butler's  '  Life 
of  Sir  George  Porneroy-Colley.'  'A  Narra- 
tive of  the  Boer  War,'  by  Thos.  Fortescue 
Carter — the  only  war  correspondent  on 
Majuba — covers  the  same  ground,  but  adds 
chapters  on  the  isolated  struggles,  the  sieges 
of  Standerton,  Pretoria,  Potchefstrom,  Ley- 
denburg,  and  Wakkerstroom.  I  think  MAJOR 
MITCHELL  will  find  that  there  was  no  siege 
of  Pietersburg.  C.  S.  WARD. 

MESS  DRESS  :  SERGEANTS'  SASHES  (10th  S.  i. 
168,  238,\— Col.  Clifford  Walton,  in  his 
'  History  of  the  British  Standing  Army, 
1660-1700,'  says  :— 

"The  sash  was  worn  by  all  officers,  from  the 
General  down  to  the  Serjeant,  whether  of  Horse, 
Foot,  or  Dragoons.  The  material  was  generally 
similar  to  that  still  in  vogue,  the  fringes,  however, 
being,  in  the  case  of  Commissioned  officers,  of  gold 
or  silver.  In  this,  as  in  most  other  details,  con- 
siderable licence  prevailed  prior  to  the  Revolution, 
some  officers  preferring  silver  network,  others  gold  ; 
while  others,  again,  favoured  the  plain  crimson 
silk ;  but  by  degrees  greater  uniformity  was 
ensured,  and  the  use  of  gold  and  silver  network 
became  confined  to  the  highest  officers,  as  is  the 
case  to  this  day.  The  sashes  of  officers  of  Horse 
were  exceedingly  handsome,  having  rich  fringes 
two,  three,  or  even  four  deep  round  the  waist, 
and  very  deep  fringes  at  the  ends.  The  Private 
Troopers  of  Horse  also  wore  sashes,  the  only  excep- 
tion to  the  general  colour  being  the  Fourth  Dragoon 
Guards,  whose  sashes  were  white.  Pikemen  in  Foot 
regiments  were  similarly  distinguished  by  sashes, 
but  of  white  worsted  with  a  coloured  fringe.  In 


278 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io«-  s.  i.  APRIL  2,  im. 


some  regiments  of  Foot  all  the  men  appear  to  have 
worn  sashes  in  Charles's  reign.  There  is  nothing 
new  under  the  sun,  and  the  fashion  introduced  but 
a  few  years  ago,  of  wearing  the  sash  over  the 
shoulder,  was  usual  also  in  the  beginning  of  the 
seventeenth  century :  during  the  latter  half  of 
the  century,  however,  the  custom  was  generally  to 
wear  it  round  the  waist.  The  sash  was  commonly 
tied  slightly  in  front  of  the  left  side ;  although 
would-be  dandies  would  often  have  the  tassels  quite 
in  front,  and  the  sash  loosely  knotted  in  a  very 
ndglige  style." 

Clifford  Walton's  illustrations  may  be  seen 
in  the  Royal  United  Service  Institution. 
Bound  with  them  are  the  'Authorities  and 
Notes'  from  which  the  details  were  drawn. 

WILLIAM  or  WYKEHAM  (10th  S.  i.  222,  257).— 
If  he  was  the  first  of  his  family,  how  about 
those  who  from  time  to  time  have  claimed  to 
be  of  founder's  kin?  In  the  Herald  and 
Genealogist  for  May,  1868,  there  is  an  article 
by  Mr.  C.  Wykeham  Martin,  the  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  entitled 
'  Who  was  William  of  Wykeham  ? '  a  supple- 
ment to  one  in  the  Topographer  and  Genea- 
logist^ vol.  iii.  Mr.  Wykeham  Martin  states 
therein  that  he  summed  up 
"  his  argument  by  saying  that  William  of  Wyke- 
ham was  known  at  least  as  early  as  his  fifty-third 
year  (1376)  to  the  family  of  (Wykeham)  Swalcliffe  ; 
that  he  held  personal  intercourse  with  them,  pur- 
chased the  family  living  of  Swalcliffe,  and  what  had 
been  a  portion  of  the  family  property;  that  he 
settled  his  heir  on  this  property,  within  three  miles 
of  Swalcliffe ;  that  one  of  the  W7ykehams  of 
Swalcliffe  is  recorded  as  founder's  kin  before  his 
death,  and  a  second  about  thirty-four  years 
afterwards." 
Further  :— 

"I  have  shown  that  the  bishop  had  numerous 
relations  of  the  same  name  with  himself,  one  of 
whom  at  least  bore  the  same  coat  of  arms.  I  have 
shown  that  there  were  collaterals  from  whom  he 
might  have  descended." 

R,  J.  FYNMORE. 

SAMUEL  SHELLEY  _  (10th  _S.  i.  227).— This 
eminent  miniature  painter  died  at  his  house  in 
George  Street,  Hanover  Square,  22  December, 
1808.  I  would  recommend  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine,  vol.  Ixxviii.  pp.  1134,  1186,  for  any 
further  information  which  may  be  required. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

THE  COPE  (9th  S.  x.  285,  374,  495  ;  xi.  93, 
172,  335  ;  10th  S.  i.  174).— It  may  be  not  irre 
levant  to  these  notes  to  mention  that  ] 
remember  a  visit  to  Mr.  Hawker,  the  well 
known  vicar  of  Morwenstow,  in  June,  1845 
He  showed  me  a  chest  in  his  study,  in  which 
was  a  new  chasuble,  and  (I  think)  a  colourec 
stole  to  match.  I  said,  "Do  you  wear  these 


ihings1?"  He  answered,  "Not  yet;  but, 
)lease  God,  I  shall  do  so  on  St.  John's  Day." 
!  do  not  know  whether  he  did  wear  them ; 
)ut,  if  he  did,  I  suppose  it  was  the  earliest 
•eturn  (or  one  of  the  earliest)  to  the  rubrical 
irder  on  that  behalf.  ALDENHAM. 

FIRST  STEAM  RAILWAY  TRAIN  (10th  S.  i. 

225).— The  high-pressure  engine  made  by 
1.  Trevithick  is  now  in  the  South  Ken- 
ington  Museum,  among  the  collection  of 

machinery  and  inventions.  There  is  an  illus- 
ration  exhibiting  a  side  and  an  end  view  of 
["revithick  and  Vivian's  first  locomotive  in 
he  '  History  of  the  Steam  Engine  from  the 
Second  Century  before  the  Christian  Era  to- 

,he  Time  of  the  Great  Exhibition,'  published 

by  John  Cassell,  335,  Strand,  in  1852  (p.  122). 

J.  HOLDEN    MACMlCHAEL. 

THE   LAST  OF  THE  WAR  Bow  (10th  S.  i. 

225). — A  far  more  striking  instance  of  the 
•ecent  use  of  the  war  bow  than  that  quoted 
jy  MR.  COCKLE  is  to  be  found  recorded  in 

4th  S.  viii.  485,  and  by  one  who  is  happily  still 
iving,  and  able  even  to  be  present  at  the 
Tubilee  dinner,  on  19  March,  of  the  London 

Association  of  Correctors  of  the  Press  ;  for  Sir 
illiam  Howard  Russell,  the  doyen  of  special 
sorrespondents,  wrote  in  1871  : — 
"  It  is  quite  certain  that  when  the  allies  made  a 

reconnaissance  of  the  Valley  of  Barder  in  the  spring 

of  1855,  there  were  among  the  Russian  irregulars 

some  horsemen  armed  with  bows  and  arrows,  who 
ised  them  without  effect.  I  saw  bows  and  arrows 

which  had  been  found  in  the  Cossack  camp,  and 

were  brought  back  by  our  men." 

ALFRED  F.  ROBBINS. 

TlDESWELL    AND    TlDESLOW   (9th   S.   xii.   341r 

517  ;  10th  S.  i.  52,  91, 190,  228).— I  am  not  sure 
bhat  I  understand  PROF.  SKEAT  aright  at  the 
last  reference.  "The  addition  of  a  letter, 
excepting,  of  course,  d  after  u,  and  similar 
well-known  insertions  due  to  phonetic  causey 
is  quite  another  matter  " ;  and  he  asks  if  it 
were  possible  to  produce  half  a  dozen  ex- 
amples of  modern  place-names  that  represent 
real  additions.  There  are  plenty  of  instances 
of  such  additions  made,  either  to  indicate  a 
mistaken  meaning  or  a  false  analogy.  The  s 
in  Carlisle  is  certainly  not  organic ;  it  has 
been  inserted,  I  suppose,  from  false  analogy 
with  "isle,"  just  as  it  found  its  way  into 
"island."  How  did  the  p  get  into  Hamp- 
stead  ;  the  d  into  Tinwald  in  Dumfriesshire 
and  the  Isle  of  Man,  and  not  into  Ding  wall 
and  the  Shetland  Tingwall  ;  the  second  w 
into  Wigtown  in  Scotland,  which  is  pro- 
nounced exactly  the  same  as  Wigton  in 
Cumberland  1  None  of  these  redundant 
letters  are  sounded  in  local  pronunciation, 


10*  s.i.  APRIL  2, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


279 


nor  are  they  true  to  the  etymology  of  the 
names.  Probably,  therefore,  they  do  not 
represent  what  PROF.  SKEAT  means  by  "  real 
additions,"  but  neither  do  they  appear  due 
to  "phonetic  causes."  They  are  simply  re- 
dundant. 

To  turn  to  names  that  have  received 
additional  letters  out  of  a  mistaken  mean- 
ing, their  name  is  legion.  There  are  two 
farms,  one  in  Ayrshire,  another  in  Eastern 
Galloway,  written  Bardrochwood.  When  the 
Ordnance  surveyors  requested  me  to  help 
them  in  revising  the  orthography  of  place- 
names  in  South- Western  Scotland,  I  pointed 
out  fco  them  that  this  name  had  no  reference 
to  a  wood,  but  was  good  Gaelic—  bar  drochaid, 
the  hill  by  the  bridge.  They  proposed  to 
alter  it  accordingly,  but  in  one  case  the 
proprietor  refused  his  consent,  because  the 
correct  orthography  would  not  correspond 
with  the  name  in  his  title-deeds. 

Again,  Craigends,  in  Renfrewshire,  has  re- 
ceived the  accretion  of  d  and  s.  The  original 
name  was  the  Gaelic  plural  creagean,  the 
crags.  Somebody  thought  it  meant  "  the  end 
of  the  crag,"  which  accounts  for  the  d.  Then 
the  owner  of  the  land  so  named  built  a 
mansion  house  ;  and  he  being  known,  more 
Scotico,  as  Craigend,  his  house  became  spoken 
of  as  Craigend's  [place]. 

It  is  quite  possible  that  in  all  this  I  am 
speaking  aside  from  what  PROF.  SKEAT  in- 
tended to  convey.  If  so,  I  trust  he  will 
excuse  my  density. 

PROF.  SKEAT  refers  to  the  havoc  wrought 
by  Norman  scribes  upon  Saxon  names.  Saxon 
scribes  are  avenging  themselves  at  this  dav. 
The  following  are  quoted  in  the  Gardener's 
Chronicle  from  a  list  of  roses  lately  offered 
for  sale  in  Hertfordshire :  Yules  Murgottin 
[Jules  Margottin],  Lausi  van  Haute  [Louis 
van  Houtte],  General  Yucuminal  [General 
Jacqueminot].  Among  others  which  were 
past  recognition  occurred  Witte  Ethos,  Mad. 
guro  Feshant,  Chape  de  Napolian,  Prins  cum 
a  Bohn,  and  Loun  vun  Ilauffe. 

HERBERT  MAXWELL. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

A  History  of  Theatrical  Art  in  Ancient  and  Modern 
Times.  By  Karl  Mantzius.  Authorized  Trans- 
lation by  Louise  von  Cossel.  Vol.  III.  (Duck- 
worth &  Co.) 

WE  have  already  (see  ante,  p.  77)  spoken  in  high 
praise  of  Dr.  Karl  Mantzius's  history  of  theatrical 
art.  To  the  two  volumes  there  noticed  has  been 
added  a  third  and  concluding  volume,  the  ap- 
proaching advent  of  which  we  announced.  To 
the  average  Englishman  this  last  volume  will  pro- 


bably prove  the  most  popular  and  useful.  In  solid 
merit  it  is  not  superior  to  its  predecessors,  and 
it  supplies  little  information  that  will  be  new  to 
the  advanced  student.  What,  however,  it  under- 
takes is  admirably  executed,  and  it  furnishes  in  a, 
readable  and  accurate  form  much  knowledge  which 
elsewhere  is  only  to  be  found  in  obscure  and  often- 
rare  publications.  Materials  for  a  thorough  his- 
tory of  the  stage  are  more  abundant  than  is  gener- 
ally supposed.  So  widely  scattered  are  they  that 
the  volumes  in  which  they  appear  constitute  in 
themselves  a  considerable  library.  These  have  fqr 
the  most  part  been  diligently  employed  by  our 
Danish  historian,  whose  work  is  a  solid  and  most 
important  contribution  to  our  knowledge  of  the 
stage.  Works  such  as  the  lives  of  Shakespeare  by 
HaTliwell-Phillipps  and  Mr.  Sidney  Lee,  the  his- 
tories of  Mr.  Fleay,  the  laborious  chronicle  of 
Genest,  and  the  like,  are  generally  known  and 
within  easy  reach.  Strange,  however,  to  say,  the 
not  less  important  works  of  Malone  and  Chalmers 
are  all  but  ignored.  The  valuable  information  they 
supply  is  undigested,  and  the  absence  of  adequate 
indexes  is  discouraging  to  students.  Dr.  Mantzius 
has  most  of  these  and  other  works  at  his  finger 
ends,  the  only  book  bearing  on  the  subject 
he  appears  not  to  have  seen  being  Halliwell- 
Phillipps's  '  Collection  of  Ancient  Documents 
respecting  the  Master  of  the  Revels,  and  other 
Papers  relating  to  the  Early  English  Theatre,'  of 
which  eleven  copies  only  were  issued  at  3/.  8a.  3d. 
each,  and  which,  consequently,  is  of  the  utmost 
rarity.  We  sought  vainly  for  a  copy  during  a  score 
years.  The  result  of  Dr.  Mantzius's  labours  is  a 
work  which  every  scholar  must  have  on  his  shelves 
and  all  may  consult  with  advantage.  Within  a 
short  space  it  presents  a  full  history  of  all  that  is 
known  about  the  pre-Restoration  stage.  Especially- 
useful  is  the  information  supplied  concerning: 
theatres  such  as  the  Cockpit,  the  Blackfriars,  and 
others  not  included  in  Mr.  Fairman  Ordish's  '  Early 
London  Theatres  (In  the  Fields),'  the  half-promised 
supplementary  volume  to  which  has  not  ap- 
peared. The  work  is  no  less  correct  than  ample. 
Almost  the  only  misleading  statement  we  trace  is 
the  assertion  (p.  54,  note)  that  John  Taylor,  the- 
Water  Poet,  "  left  in  all  sixty-three  works  of  great 
interest  to  investigators  of  the  life  of  those  times." 
Sixty-three  is  the  number  of  works  in  a  single 
collection,  and  not  that  of  his  entire  publica- 
tions. The  volume  is  further  recommended  by  the 
illustrations,  which  are  numerous,  and  in  some 
instances  rare.  These  include  views  of  the  Tabard 
Inn,  London  in  Shakespeare's  time  (after  Hoef- 
nagel's  ground  plan),  the  interior  of  a  private 
theatre  (from  Alabaster's  '  Roxana '),  the  interior 
of  the  Red  Bull  Theatre,  Tarlton  as  a  clown, 
Kemp  in  his  famous  morris  dance,  &c.,  and  por- 
traits of  Alleyn  as  Dr.  Faustus  and  Hieronimo, 
Richard  Burbage,  and  Nathaniel  Field,  together 
with — how  obtained  we  know  not— William  Shake- 
speare, from  the  bust  belonging  to  the  Garrick  Club. 

Dictionary  of   Contemporary  Quotations  (English}. 

By  Helena  Swan.  (Sonnenschein  <fe  Co.) 
THOUGH  a  work  of  considerable  labour,  this  book 
may  not  be  pronounced  worthy  of  association  witli 
the  best  volumes  of  the  series  to  which  it  belongs. 
It  assigns  far  too  much  prominence  to  writers  con- 
cerning whom  the  world  has  but  a  languid  interest, 
if  it  has  any  interest  at  all.  It  is  a  difficult  and, 
perhaps,  an  ungracious  thing  in  the  case  of  living. 


280 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  i.  AI-HIL  2, 1901. 


people  to  discuss  the  chances  of  immortality.  One, 
however,  who  has  been  fed  on  the  best  poetry  cannot 
fail  to  recognize  failure  on  the  part  of  "  minor  min- 
strels "  to  come  near  the  mark.  Poetry  is,  in  a  sense, 
and  to  the  few,  an  exact  science.  Unhesitatingly, 
then,  we  say  that  some  of  those  from  whom 
Mrs.  Swan  freely  quotes  have  no  more  claim  to  be 
poets  than  had  the  Tupper  of  yesterday,  or  the 
Mtevius  of  the  day  before.  To  a  certain  extent 
the  compiler  disarms  criticism,  since  she  owns  that, 
while  some  who  ought  to  be  represented  are  not, 
others  occupy  an  undue  space.  We  fail  to  find, 
however,  the  poems  for  which  we  seek,  such  as 
*  lonica,'  while  the  volume  is  filled  up  by  the 
commonplace  utterances  of  bards  of  whom  we  have 
never  heard,  or  whom  we  are  anxious  to  forget. 
Many  good  passages  from  genuine  poets  will,  how- 
ever, reward  the  explorer. 

Devon  Notes  and   Queries  is  making  good  pro 
gress.     The  number  for  October,  1903,  is  well  illus" 
trated,   and  contains  several    valuable  notes    and 
replies.      Local  genealogy,    we    are    glad    to    find, 
is    a   strong   point.     Mr.   W.    H.    Thornton    con- 
tributes an  account,   mainly  gleaned  from    tradi- 
tion,  of   the  murder  of  Gilbert   Yarde,   rector  of 
Teigngrace,  in  1783.    No  report  of  the  trial  of  the 
murderer  seems  to  be  known  ;  we  imagine  that  the 
•depositions  taken  by  the  local  magistrates  must  be 
in  the  custody  of  the  Clerk  of  the  Peace.     If  the 
depositions    at    the    coroner's    inquest    have    not 
perished  they  would  also,  we  may  assume,  throw 
light  on  the  tragedy.     Mr.  H.  M.  Whitley  has  fur- 
nished from  the  original  in   the  Record   Office  a 
notice  of  the   repairs  carried   on    at    Powderham 
Castle  when  in  the  king's  hands  (1539-40)  on  account 
of  the  attainder  of  Henry  Courtenay,  Marquis  of 
Exeter  and  Earl  of  Devon.  Though  short,  it  is  useful 
.as  furnishing  means  by  which  to  make  an  estimate 
of  the  rate  of  wages  of  artisans  at  that  time  in  the 
.South- West.  Joanna  Southcott  was  a  Devon  woman ; 
she  has  been  dead  hard  upon  ninety  years,  and  but 
faint  memories  remain  of  her  except  in  the  minds 
of  the  few  who  study  the  vagaries  of  fanaticism. 
The  wonderful  thing  about  the  poor  woman's  career 
is,  that  though  she  was  undoubtedly  mad,  yet  there 
were  not  a  few  people  of  education  and  well  skilled 
in  the  conduct  of  the  ordinary  affairs  of  life  who 
.accepted  her  teaching,  and  looked  upon  the  turbid 
rhapsodies  she  uttered  as  divine  revelations.    One 
.of  her  practices  was  that  of  "  sealing  the  faithful," 
.as  it  was  called— that  is,  issuing  "  certificates  for 
themillennium."  Oneof  these  curious  documents  has 
fallen  into  the  hands  of  Mr.  F.  B.  Dickinson.    He 
has  reproduced  it  with  a  very  interesting  note  as  an 
accompaniment.     Thousands  of  these  papers  were 
sold  to  her  credulous  followers,  most  of  them  at  a 
guinea  each.     We  never  saw  one,  and  believe  them 
to  be  at  the  present  time  great  rarities,  as  almost 
all  the  purchasers  would  d<wtroy  them  when  they 
discovered,  on  her  death,  that  they  had  been  deluded. 
.Joanna  died  in  1814,  and  was  buried  at  St.  John's 
Wood.    The  tombstone  that  marked  her  grave  was 
shattered,  Mr.  Dickinson  says,  by  the  great  gun- 
powder explosion  in  the  Regent's  Park  Canal  in 
1874.  We  wonder  whether  it  has  been  replaced.   At 
that  date  she  had  still  followers  who  looked  forward 
to  her  return  to  life.  The  Morebath  churchwardens' 
accounts  are  continued,  and  assuredly  do  not  fail 
in  interest.      The  young  men's  wardens  and  Our 
Lady's  wardens  still  appear  in  1539.     These  persons 
evidently  were  not  the  churchwardens,  but  officers 


acting  for  some  of  the  gilds.  Perhaps  the  young 
men  served  St.  George,  who  had,  we  know,  an 
image  in  the  church.  Bees  were  possessed  by  the 
church  authorities.  They  were  useful  for  producing 
wax  for  candles ;  but  we  remember  only  one  other 
instance  of  churchwardens  keeping  bees.  In  1477 
several  hives  belonged  to  the  church  authorities  of 
St.  Edmund's,  Salisbury. 

THE  Clarendon  Press  has  for  a  number  of  years 
had  in  use  Rules  for  Compositors  and  Readers  at  the 
University  Press,  Oxford,  drawn  up  by  the  Con- 
troller, Mr.  Horace  Hart,  and  revised  by  Dr.  Murray 
and  Dr.  Bradley.  Copies  of  these  rules  have  been 
supplied  gratuitously  by  the  Controller  to  many 
persons  ;  and  as  additional  requests  are  constantly 
being  made,  it  has  been  thought  advisable  to  publish 
the  rules.  The  notes  in  the  revised  and  enlarged 
edition  make  the  booklet  interesting  reading,  as  in 
the  case  of  Mr.  Hart's  discussion  with  Gladstone 
about  the  spelling  forgo  or  forego. 


DR.  S.  F.  CRESWKLL,  of  whom  there  is  an  obituary 
notice  in  the  Times,  26  March,  was  a  contributor  to 
'N.  &  Q.,'  Second  and  Third  Series.  He  was  an 
authority  on  Nottinghamshire  bibliography. 

WE  must  also  notice  the  death  of  Henry  J.  Moule, 
an  accomplished  antiquary,  who  contributed  fre- 
quently to  our  columns,  and  was  for  years  curator 
of  the  County  Museum  at  Dorchester.  He  was  the 
eldest  of  the  well-known  family  of  brothers  which 
includes  the  Bishop  of  Durham. 


t0 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "  Duplicate." 

T.  STEVENS  ("Skoal !  to  the  Northland  !  Skoal !"). 
— Last  stanza  of  Longfellow's  '  Skeleton  in  Armour.' 

INDIANA  ("An  Austrian  army"). — These  lines 
were  printed  in  full  in  3rd  S.  iv.  88.  Other  refer- 
ences to  periodicals  in  which  they  have  appeared 
will  be  found  ante,  pp.  120,  211. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "  The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'" — Adver- 
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We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
communications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do  not 
print ;  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


i.  AI.WI.  -2,  ISM.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


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s.  i.  APRIL  9, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


281 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  APRIL  9,  190L 


CONTENTS.-No.  15. 

NOTES  :— Still-born  Children,  281— Burton's  'Anatomy  of 

"  Melancholy,'  282— Damage  to  Corn,  283-German  Reprint 
of  Leicarraga— Capt.  Wogan,  284— '  The  Creevey  Papers' 
—Thomas  Randolph— Martello  Towers,  285— Torpedoes- 
Burns  Anticipated— Pit  of  a  Theatre,  286— Bishop  Bucke- 
ridge's  Birth  place -Pit=a  Grave—"  Muck-a-lucks,"  287. 

QUERIES  :— "  Smallage  "—Lords  Raymond,  and  Pengelly— 
Immurement  in  Sea-Wails—"  Monkey  on  the  chimney ' 
— St.  Mewbred  —  Gerarde  Jode  — Leslie  Stephen  on  the- 
Eighteenth  Century— Shakespeare's  Grave, 288— "Badger 
in  the  bag"— Halley's  Two  Voyages—  Bartolozzi— '  John 
Inglesant'— River  Divided  — Fair  Maid  of  Kent,  289— 
Architecture  in  Old  Times  —  Fable  from  Ariosto— Fish 
Days  — Barbers  — Heraldic  Reference  in  Shakespeare  — 
Hieroglyphics  and  Deities,  290. 

BEPLIES  :—N  pronounced  ng,  291  —  Marlborough  and 
Shakespeare— Tideswell  and  Tideslow,  292— St.  Dunstan— 
Speakers  of  the  Irish  House  of  Commons— Leche  Family 
— Torch  and  Taper  —  Jacobite  Wineglasses— Clavering— 
Flesh  and  Shamble  Meats,  293  -  J.  R.  Green  on  Freeman- 
Col.  MacElligott,  294  —  Periodicals  for  Women— "Prior 
to" — Bagshaw  —  Topography  of  Ancient  London,  295— 
Egerton-Warburton-Horn  Dancing— Leper  Hymn-Writer 
— "  Fulture  "— "  As  the  crow  flies,"  296— Latin  Quotations 
—  "The  Crown  and  Three  Sugar  Loaves  "  — Northall, 
Shropshire— Ainoo  and  Baskisb — Rodney's  Second  Wife— 
"  Bridge  "  —  Authors  of  Quotations  —  Temple  College, 
Philadelphia,  297— Dickens  Queries,  298. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— Bateson's'  Cambridge  Gild  Records' 
— Booksellers'  Catalogues. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


STILL-BORN  CHILDREN. 
CHILDREN  apparently  dead  at  the  moment 
of  birth  have  survived  for  hours,  with  an 
almost  imperceptible  beating  of  the  heart  as 
the  sole  evidence  of  temporarily  latent  life 
after  birth.  Many  of  these  "  still-born " 
children  die,  but  so  long  as  the  heart  is  not 
dumb  and  at  rest,  arid  until  the  final  flutter 
of  the  pulse,  they  have  not  departed  put  of 
this  life.  Formerly  these  feebly  enlivened 
babes  were  often  laid  aside  as  dead,  as  in 
1702  was  Philip  Doddridge,  who  completed 
his  mother's  literal  score  of  children  (Orton's 
*  Life ').  Accoucheurs  and  others  have  signed 
declarations  of  "still-birth"  too  hastily. 
Only  after  vigorous  treatment  and  consider- 
able delay  do  some  of  these  puny  children 
cheat  death  by  first  inspiring  the  breath  of 
life — snatched  from  the  grave,  perhaps  only 
to  re-elicit  from  a  modern  parent,  "  I  could 
not  tell  whether  to  rejoice  to  see  mine  aborted 
infant  revived."  These  cases  are  comparable 
with  those  resuscitated  after  apparent  suffo- 
cation. Samuel  Johnson,  who  was  christened 
on  his  birthday  (1709,  as  were  also  Joseph 
Addison,  1672,  and  King  George  III.,  1738), 


records  in  the  autobiographical  notes  :  "  I 
was  born  almost  dead,  and  could  not  cry  for 
some  time."  Isaac  Newton  (1642,  who  was 
as  well  posthumous  as  premature),  Fontenelle 
(1659),  "  the  Old  Pretender  "  (1688),  Voltaire 
(1694),  and  the  first  Lord  Lyttelton  (1709) 
were  also  among  the  immortals  who  during  a 
single  century  enjoyed  but  a  precarious,  if 
not  also  a  precocious  entry  into  life. 

There  is  no  direct  definition  of  still-birth, 
Legally,  a  negative  contextual  description  is 
alone  obtainable— that  is,  not  born  alive  (cf. 
Law  Quarterly  Review,  April,  1904).  Johnson's 
view  (1755)  is  of  personal  interest :  "  dead  in 
the  birth,  born  lifeless";  in  1775,  however, 
the  '  Annual  Register '  (p.  99)  records  :  '  The 
Recovery  of  Overlaid  and  even  Still-born 
Children.'  The  still-born  actually  differs  from 
the  dead-born— the  former  is  alive,  but  its 
pre-natal  apnoea  persists — the  maintenance  of 
the  rectal  temperature  and  the  possibility  of 
revival  mark  it  as  a  survivor,  and  as  not  yet 
defunct.  The  assumed  antithesis  between 
quick-born  and  still-born,  as  indicating  post- 
natally  alive  or  dead  respectively,  has  no 
strict  historical  validity.  Originally  a  still- 
born child  was  one  that  could  not  cry.  In 
the  absence  of  even  a  still  small  voice  it  was 
numbered  among  the  silent  dead.  Glanvil 
(1190)  gives  the  common-law  text  of  live- 
birth  :  damans  et  auditus  infra  quatuor 
parietes.  In  1300  we  find  :  "that  quick-borne 
child  I  have  fordon  "  ('  Cursor  M.').  In  1330  : 
"  the  child  ded  bornen  was  "  ('  King  of  Tar.'). 
In  1483  "dede-borne"  corresponds  with  abor- 
tivus  Cotgrave  (1611)  gives  "  abortive, 
untimely,"  as  synonyms  of  "  still-born." 
Bishop  Hall  ('  Serm ,'  1613)  says  :  "  We  begin 
our  life  with  tears  ;  and  therefore  our 
lawyers  define  life,  by  weeping.  If  a  child 
were  heard  to  cry,  it  is  a  lawful  proof  of 
his  living  ;  else,  if  he  be  dead,  we  say  he 
is  still-born"  (cf.  8th  S.  xii.  283  and  9th  S. 
i.  285).  Middleton  (' Chast  Mayd,'  1620): 
"  When  the  child  cries,  for  if  't  should 
be  still-born,  it  doth  no  good,  sir."  It 
was  21  Jac.  I.  c.  27,  which,  copying  a 
French  edict,  reversed  for  nearly  two  cen- 
turies the  common-law  presumption  of  the 
dead-birth  of  bastards,  and  in  1628  Coke 
assumed,  with  quaint  pathology,  that  the 
new-born  might  not  be  able  to  cry,  "for, 
peradventure,  it  may  be  born  dumbe."  Fuller 
(' Good  Thoughts,'  &c.,  1647):  "These  still- 
born babes  only  breathe,  without  crying." 
Shakespeare  ('  2  King  Henry  IV.,'  1598) 
opposes  the  term  to  "  fair-birth."  Hollyband 
(1593)  for  niort-ne  gives  "  a  still-borne." 
L'Estrange  ('King  Charles,'  1654):  "These 
discontents  of  the  subject  were  not  still-born, 


282 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  i.  APRIL  9, 190*. 


but  cryed  so  lowd  as  reached  to  his  sacred 
ears."  Sir  Wm.  Petty  (1676)  "included 
abortives  and  still-born  in  the  burials  "  (Phil. 
Trans.,  Hi.  48).  The  Rev.  R.  Foulkes  was 
hanged  at  Tyburn  (30  January,  1679)  for 
"  murdering  in  Act  and  Execution  "  his  bas- 
tard ('Confession')-  'A  True  and  Perfect 
Relation'  (Brit.  Mus.)  says:  "He  no  sooner 
received  it  into  the  world  but,"  as  Anthony 
Wood  ('  Diary ')  continues,  "  being  still-borne 
(as  'tis  said)  he  throw'd  it  in  the  privy  house." 

Such  is  the  suggestive,  if  not  exhaustive, 
early  history  of  still-birth.  Mr.  Charles  Balk, 
of  Oxford,  has  kindly  given  me  some  of  the 
references.  STANLEY  B.  ATKINSON. 

Inner  Temple. 


BURTON'S  'ANATOMY  OF  MELANCHOLY.' 

(See  9th  S.  xi.  181,  222,  263,  322,  441 ;  xii.  2,  62, 
162,  301,  362,  442 ;  10th  S.  i.  42,  163,  203.) 

VOL.  I.  (Shilleto),  21,  1.  7  ;  7,  1.  13,  ed.  6, 
"  scrape  Ennius  dung-hils."  See  Virgil.  Vit. 
formerly  attributed  to  Ti.  Donatus,  §  18,  71 ; 
p.  ix,  vol.  i.  of  Burmann's  ed.,  "Cum  is 
aliquando  Ennium  in  manu  haberet,  rogare- 
turque  quidnam  faceret,  respondit  se  aurum 
colligere  de  stercore  Ennii." 

P.  21,  n.  4;  7,  n.  c,  "E  Democriti  puteo." 
Cf.  Agripp.,  '  De  Van.  Sc  ,'  peroration  three- 
fifths  through,  "haurire ex  Democriti 

puteo  virtutem." 

P.  23,  1.  19;  8,  33,  "di verso  stilo,  non 
diversa  fide."  Aug.,  '  De  Trin.,'  i.  3.  Migne, 
42,  col.  823. 

P.  39,  23  ;  18,  15,  "  omnes  stultos  insanire." 
Lips.,  'Manud.  ad  Stoic.  Phil.,'  iii.  20;  Cic., 
'  Parad.,'  4. 

P.  43,  14 ;  20,  29,  "  Nulla  ferant  talem  secla 
futura  virum."  See  Gyraldus,  '  De  Poet. 
Hist.,'  Dial,  iii.,  'Op.,'  vol.  ii.  (1696),  col.  141, 
where  it  is  quoted  (with  ferent)  from  Cardinal 
Bessarion's  version  of  the  so-called  '  Elegy ' 
of  Aristotle  on  Plato.  For  the  original  Greek 
see  '  Anth.  Epig.  Grsec.,'  Appendix  Nova,  ed. 
E.  Cougny  (vol.  iii.  of  'Anth.  Pal.,'  Paris, 
1890),  cap.  iii.  47,  with  references  there  given. 

P.  45,  20;  21,  43,  "Christian!  Crassiani." 
See  Budreus,  'De  Asse,' V.  Epilog.,  pp.  732, 
733  (ed.  1551):  "Eant  igitur  philopluti  diui- 
tiarum  amore  perditi,  quos  Christus  ut  Cras- 
sianos  non  Christianos  limine  suo  repulit." 

P.  46,  18;  22,23,  "  semper  pueri."  Plato, 
'Tim.,'22B.  Cf.  p.  86,  n.  1 ;  45,  n.  o. 

P.  64,  n.  4;  33,  n.  f,  "Busbequius  Turc. 
Hist."  '  Leg.  Turc.,'  Ep.  iii.  p.  251,  ed.  1660. 

P.  68,  1.  30  and  n.  10  (wrongly  given  as  11 
in  text) ;  35,  1.  44  and  n.  c,  "Anacharsis." 
See  Diog.  Laert.,  I.  viii.  5  (105). 


P.  69,  1.  17;  36,  12,  "which  Cato  counts  a 
great  indecorum."    Not  Cato  ;  Plutarch. 
P.  70,  n.  4  ;  36,  n.  n  :— 

Perjurata  suo  postponit  numina  lucro 
Mercator  [Stygiis  non  nisi  dignus  aquis]. 

The  full  couplet  is  quoted  by  Agrippa,  '  De 
Van.  Sc.,'  cap.  72. 

P.  72,  n.  9 ;  38,  n.  *  (second),  "  Salvianus- 
lib.  de  pro."  Shilleto  adds  iii.  See  '  De  Gub. 
Dei,'  iii.  x.  (57),  Migne,  53,  col.  68,  c. 

P.  74,  n.  1 ;  38,  n.  *  (at  foot),  "  Democrit. 
ep.  prsed."  See  xvii.  §§  49,  50. 

P.  81,  n.  7  ;  43,  n.  m.  Cf.  p.  289,  1.  1  ; 
Pt.  I.,  sect.  2,  mem.  3,  subs.  1 ;  p.  91,  1.  45  in 
ed.  6.  Shilleto  adds  "cap.  3"  to  the  number 
of  the  book  (ii.)  of  the  '  Institutiones '  given 
by  Burton.  One  may  add  the  section  (6). 

P.  82,  n.  7  ;  43,  n.  *,  "De  curial.  miser." 
P.  772  D,  E  in  Bas.  ed.  of  1571  (the  ep.  extends 
from  p.  720  to  p.  736).  ^Eneas  Sylvius's 
words  are : — 

"Stultus  est  qui  quseritat  quod  nequit  invenire  : 
Stultus  &  qui  quasrit  quod  nocet  inuentum  :  Stultus 
quoque  &  ille  est  qui  fine  proposito  ad  quern  tendit> 
cum  plures  habeat  calles,  deteriorem  deligit  & 

periculosiorem [5  lines  lower]  Mihi  uidentur 

omnes  qui  regum  uel  prineipum  latera  stipant,  aut 

honores  qiiEerere,  famamque  seculi  aut [4  lines. 

lower]  ut  facile  quiuis  eosdem  deliros,  amentes, 
insanos,  ac  stultissimos  queat  cognoscere." 

It  is  impossible  to  comment  in  every  case 
on  Burton's  curious  looseness  in  quotation. 
This  may  serve  as  a  sample. 

P.  85,  30  ;  45,  38,  "Austin..,. ..ad  ebrietatem 
se  quisque  paret."  Enarratio  in  Ps.  ciii. 
sermo  3,  §  13.  Migne,  37,  col.  1369. 

P.  86,  14;  46,  6,  "as  Phocion  concludes." 
Plut.,  'Reg.  et  imp.  apophth.,'  187,  F. 

P.  90,  n.  2  ;  48,  n.  g,  R.  Dallington  [A 
Svrvey  of  the  Great  Dvkes  State  of  Tuscany. 
In  the  yeare  of  our  Lord]  1596,  [Lond.  1605]. 
See  W.  C.  Hazlitt, '  Coll.  and  Notes,'  1876.  " 

P.  91,  22  ;  49,  20,  rj  Trevia  (rrdViv  ffjLiroifT  /cat 
KaKovpyiav.  Arist.  pol.  ii.  iii.  7  (6,  1265b). 
The  Latin  version  and  reference  at  the  end 
of  n.  5 ;  n.  b,  obviously  refer  to  this.  Shilleto- 
has  left  the  slip  uncorrected. 

P.  92,  n.  4;  49,  n.  f,  "Dousa  epid.  loquieleia 
turba,  vultures  togati."  Thus  misprinted  in 
ed.  6.  Shilleto  perverts  it  still  further  by 
turning  loquieleia  into  loquax !  Yet  on 
p.  360,  23  sqq. ;  134,  42,  Part.  I.  sect.  2,  mem.  3, 
subs.  15,  the  same  passage  of  Dousa  is  quoted 
at  greater  length,  the  epithet  of  turba  spelt 
loquuteleia  (i.e.,  loc^ltule^a),  and  the  reference 
given  by  Burton  to  Dousa,  'Epodon,'  lib.  ii. 
car.  2. 

P.  93,  n.  2 ;  50,  n.  d,  "  is  stipe  contentus," 
&c. ;  p.  93,  8 ;  50,  13,  "  damnificas  linguas,1' 
&c.;  p.  93,  n.3;  50,  n.  *,  "Plus  accipiunt," 
&c. ;  p.  93,  n.  4 ;  50,  n.  e,  "  Totius  injustitise," 


10"- s.  i.  APRIL  9, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


283 


«fec. ;  p.  93,  15  ;  50,  19,  "fovere  causas,"  &c.  ; 
p.  93,  15;  50,  20,  "  patrocinantur,"  &c. ;  p.  93, 
n.  7  ;  50,  n.  f,  "  Xam  quocunque  modo,"  <fec. ; 
p.  93,  1.  16;  50,  21,  "  ut  loculos,"  &c.  For 
these  eight  quotations  see  John  of  Salisbury's 
'  Policraticus,'  Lib.  V.  cap.  10,  the  same 
chapter  to  which  Burton's  two  preceding 
quotations  belong.  See  9th  S.  xi.  323,  col.  1. 
EDWARD  BENSLY. 

The  University,  Adelaide,  South  Australia. 
(To  be  continued.) 


DAMAGE  TO  CORN. 

IN  the  Month  for  February  last  there  is 
a  very  interesting  paper  by  the  Hon.  Mrs. 
Maxwell-Scott  on  Antoinette  de  Bourbon, 
Duchesse  de  Guise,  grandmother  of  Mary, 
Queen  of  Scots,  who  owed,  we  are  told,  a 
great  part  of  her  early  education  to  the 
Duchess's  care.  A  striking  passage  occurs 
in  this  article  (p.  182),  which  I  proceed  to 
quote  : — 

"  Her  [the  Duchess's]  children  were  not  allowed 
to  forget  their  duties  to  others.  One  day  the 
young  princes,  in  the  course  of  some  hunting-party, 
no  doubt,  rode  over  a  field  of  corn.  This  came  to 
their  mother's  knowledge,  and  the  next  day  at 
table  there  was  no  bread.  To  the  exclamations 
and  questions  of  her  sons,  she  simply  replied,  '  My 
children,  we  must  economize  the  corn,  as  you 
destroy  the  future  harvest ! ' " 

This  is  an  interesting  illustration  of  the 
religious  reverence  in  which  corn  was  held  in 
times  when  famines  were  frequent  and  the 
dread  of  them  ever  haunted  the  imagination 
of  the  poor.  The  occurrence  of  famines  even 
entered  into  the  dream- world  of  romance,  as 
the  Athenceum  pointed  out  some  time  ago 
(10  October,  1903,  p.  486),  for  in  the  'Lay  of 
Havelok  the  Dane '  we  hear  of  a  great  dearth 
at  Grimsby  when  food  was  plentiful  at 
Lincoln.  The  minds  of  men  were  deeply 
impressed  in  old  times  by  the  well-known 
fact  that  people  might  be  suffering  from 
hunger  in  one  part  of  the  island  while  the 
necessities  of  life  might  be  plentiful  in 
another.  Xow  such  horrors  are  wellnigh 
forgotten  by  all  but  historical  students,  but 
they  might  have  occurred  at  any  time  before 
the  modern  means  of  transit  had  been 
evolved.  Accidental  injury  to  corn-crops  is, 
I  need  not  say,  not  unfrequent  now,  but  we 
hear  little  of  wanton  damage.  Occasionally 
the  young  wheat  near  a  fox  cover  may  be 
trampled  out  of  life,  but  this  is  a  rare  occur- 
rence, and  when  it  does  happen  ample  com- 
pensation is  commonly  made  to  the  owner  ; 
but  in  manor  court  rolls  of  the  seventeenth, 
sixteenth,  and  earlier  centuries,  I  have  often 
met  with  regulations  and  fines  relating  to 


such  matters.  For  example,  in  the  Scotter 
(Lincolnshire)  Roll  for  1578  there  is  a  bylaw 
"that  no  man  shall  make  no  bye  wayea 
throughe  anie  parte  of  the  Corne  feildes,  in 
payne  of  euery  one  found  in  the  same  defalt 
xiid";  and  in  the  following  year  Richard 
Paycocke  was  fined  a  like  sum  because  he- 
permitted  a  mare  and  her  foal  "ire  ad  largum 
in  campo  seminato."  Sometimes  offences  of 
this  kind  found  a  place  in  the  literature  of 
the  people.  In  'The  Jolly  Finder  of  Wake- 
field  '  among  the  '  Robin  Hood  Ballads,'  for 
example,  the  fight  takes  place  because  Robin 
and  his  men  had 

Forsaken  the  king's  highway, 
And  made  a  path  over  the  corn. 

The  Church  in  the  Middle  Ages  undoubtedly 
regarded  acts  of  this  nature  as  sins.  In 
Myrc's  'Instructions  for  Parish  Priests,'  a 
fifteenth-century  poem,  issued  by  the  Early 
English  Text  Society,  we  read  (p.  46) : — 

Hast  fow  ay  cast  vp  lyde  3ate 

)>ere  bestus  haue  go  in  ate  ? 

Hast  )>ow  1-struyed  corn  or  gras 

Or  oj>er  ]>ynge  }>at  sowen  was  ? 

Hast  )>ou  I-come  in  any  sty 

And  cropped  3erus  of  corne  J>eby  ? 

Art  J>ou  I-wont  ouer  corn  to  ryde 

When  ]>ou  mystest  haue  go  by  syde  ? 

Taylor,    the    Water    Poet,    who    frequently 

reflects  the  thoughts  of  the  common  people,. 

tells  us  : — 

I  saw  a  fellow  take  a  white  loaf's  pith, 

And  rub  his  master's  white  shoes  clean  therewith  ; 

Aud  I  did  know  that  fellow  (for  his  pride) 

To  want  both  bread  and  meat  before  he  died. 

'Superbiae  Flagellum,'  p.  34. 
As  quoted  in  Southey's  'Common-Place  Book/ 
i.  517. 

In  Sweden  injuring  corn  is  regarded  as  a 
moral  as  well  as  a  legal  offence.  There  is 
a  pretty  legend  illustrative  of  this  wholesome 
feeling : — 

"Halting  at  Munketorp,  we  visit  a  chapel  of 
English  St.  David,  apostle  of  Wastmanlancf.  He 
came  from  Britain  shortly  before  Sigfrid  died,  and 
stands  high  in  the  annals  of  the  Church  for  the 
purity  of  his  life.  Tradition  tells  how,  when  his 
eyesight  began  to  fail,  as  he  entered  his  humble 
chamber,  a  sunbeam  was  peeping  through  the 
narrow  window.  Mistaking  it  for  a  peg,  he  sus- 
pended his  gloves  thereon,  and  the  sunbeam  bore 
them  up.  When  St.  David  sent  his  pupil  to  fetch 
his  gloves,  lo  !  to  his  surprise,  the  boy  beheld  them 
still  hanging  to  the  sunbeam  ;  he  ran  and  told  his 
master,  who  thanked  Heaven,  for  he  felt  this  to  be 
a  token  that  his  sins  were  forgiven.  From  that  day 
a  sunbeam  was  always  at  his  service.  Once  the 
gloves  fell  to  the  floor ;  then  the  holy  man  felt  he 
had  committed  some  sin,  and,  in  anguish  of  mind, 
recollected  how  that  day  he  had  trodden  down 
some  ears  of  corn,  and  though  but  few  grains  were 
spilt,  yet  even  this  little  was  the  Lord's  gift,  and 
should  have  been  food  for  the  poor." — Horace 
Marryat,  '  One  Year  in  Sweden, '1862,  vol.  ii.  p.  104. 


284 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  i.  APBIL  JUDO*. 


In  Crane's  'History  of  St.  Catherine  of 
Siena '  we  find  that  she  objected  to  even 
musty  corn  being  wasted.  "Will  you  cast 
that  away  that  God  hath  sent  for  the  sus- 
tenance of  man?"  she  said,  and  is  reported  to 
have  worked  a  miracle  to  make  the  bread  of 
this  corn  good  for  the  poor  (p.  201). 

Sir  Charles  Fellows,  in  his  '  Travels  in  Asia 
Minor,'  writing  of  Phrygia,  says  (p.  104)  that 

"as  soon  as  the  tray  was  removed,  the  carpet 
was  swept,  lest  any  crumbs  should  have  fallen,  it 
toeing  a  religious  law  never  to  tread  on  food." 

The  oath  by  grass  and  corn  seems  to  have 
Leen  regarded  as  a  very  solemn  one,  as  appeal- 
ing to  corn,  the  chief  need  of  man,  and  grass, 
that  which  sustains  his  servants  of  the  brute 
creation.  It  occurs  in  the  ballad  of  '  Young 
Huntin ' : — 

And  she  sware  by  the  grass  sae  green, 

Sae  did  she  by  the  corn, 
That  she  had  na  seen  him,  young  Huntin, 

Sin  yesterday  at  morn. 
W.  E.  Aytoun's  '  Ballads  of  Scotland,'  ii.  69. 

.Another  version  of  this  ballad,  containing 
the  above  lines,  occurs  in  Scott's  '  Border 
Minstrelsy,'  under  the  name  of  Earl  Richard. 

EDWARD  PEACOCK. 
Wickentree  House,  Kirton-in-Lindsey. 


THE  GERMAN  REPRINT  OF  LEIQARRAGA'S 
BOOKS.  (See  9th  S.  xi.  64,  112,  191,  276, 
-393.) — The  Editor  having  been  kind  enough 
to  recommend  to  the  "confidence"  of  his 
readers  (9th  S.  xi.  140)  my  reprint  of  Leigar- 
raga's  translation  of  St.  Matthew's  Gospel,  I 
feel  bound  to  point  out  that  I  stupidly  allowed 
some  of  the  "  Faults  committed  in  the  Print " 
•(.as  they  are  called  in  'The  Historieof  Tithes,' 
1618)  of  the  original  to  be  reproduced  in  that 
Gospel,  as  well  as  in  the  Oxford  reprint  of  the 
rest  of  the  New  Testament.  In  another 
•edition  they  must  be  corrected  by  reading  as 
follows :— p. 9,  v. 2, guenean;  p.  19,V.  16, agueri 
zaiztengat ;  p.  38,  v.  7,  ciradela  has ;  p.  58, 
v.  29,  cedin  Galileaco ;  p.  79,  v.  12,  lain- 
coaren;  v.  15,  haourrac;  p.  80,  v.  22,  recebi- 
turen  ;  p.  90,  v.  28,  zarezquiote  iusto ;  p.  399, 
v.  36,  nire;  p.  344,  v.  33,  vicitze  eman 
draucana;  p.  361,  v.  26,  citic  hire;  p.  376, 
v.  36,  egague  Arguia;  p.  378,  v.  3,  guciac ; 
v.  5,_  uric ;  p.  395,  v.  4,  ciraden  ;  p.  397,  v.  22, 
-officieretaric  batec,  present  cela,  cihor ;  p.  608, 
v.  1,  9areten  ;  p.  688,  v.  1,  §areten. 

Some  of  these  mistakes  of  the  first,  second, 
and  third  editions  are  not  mere  misprints, 
but  oversights  of  the  translator,  conflicting 
with  his  own  usual  practice  and  the  laws  of 
his  language.  Some  of  them  have  already  been 
^pointed  out  in  my  statement  published  in  the 


Annual  Report  of  the  Trinitarian  Bible 
Society  for  1903,  of  which  an  amended  off- 
print of  100  copies  was  distributed  last 
November. 

The  Royal  Academy  of  Sciences  of  Holland 
has  very  graciously  promised  to  publish  this 
month  my  '  Analytical  Synopsis  of  the  281 
Forms  of  the  Verb  which  occur  in  the  Epistles 
to  the  Ephesians  and  the  Thessalonians ' 
in  Leigarraga's  translation.  With  the  excep- 
tion of  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles,  all  the 
hitherto  unprinted  parts  of  this  laborious 
task  are  ready  for  press,  and  awaiting  the 
benevolence  of  individuals  or  societies  having 
funds  for  such  unremunerative  contributions 
to  comparative  grammar.  It  was  undertaken 
to  prevent  any  one  from  saying  again  of 
Baskish,  in  the  words  of  Psalm  Ixxiii.,  "Then 
sought  I  to  understand  this,  but  it  was  too 
hard  for  me."  E.  S.  DODGSON. 

CAPT.  WOGAN. — I  suppose  it  is  too  late  in 
the  day  to  attempt  to  open  the  eyes  of  those 
who  take  their  information  regarding  Scotch 
history  from  Walter  Scott.  But  I  would  like 
to  draw  the  attention  of  unbiassed  readers  to 
the  extraordinarily  inaccurate  allusions  to  the 
above  personage  in  Scott's  '  Waverley.' 
Wogan  is  first  mentioned  in  this  novel 
as  "  the  gallant  Capt.  Wogan,  who  renounced 
the  service  of  the  usurper  Cromwell  to  join 
the  standard  of  Charles  II.,  marched  a  handful 
of  cavalry  from  London  to  the  Highlands  to 
join  Middleton,  then  in  arms  for  the  King, 
and  at  length  died  gloriously  in  the  royal 
cause."  His  march  took  place  in  November- 
December,  1653,  and  he  went  to  join  Glencairn 
in  the  Highlands,  and  died  late  in  January  or 
early  in  February  of  1654.  Middleton  was 
not  then  in  Scotland,  but  arrived  some  time 
about  the  end  of  February  of  the  same  year. 
So  that  Wogan's  career  was  at  an  end  before 
Middleton  appeared  on  the  scene  (Gardiner, 
'  Commonwealth  and  Protectorate,'  ii.  403, 
407).  Nor  is  it  the  case  that  Wogan  renounced 
the  service  of  Cromwell  to  enter  on  this 
march.  He  had  deserted  the  Parliamentary 
service  to  join  the  Scotch  army  which 
invaded  England  in  1648  under  the  Duke  of 
Hamilton  (Carlyle,  '  Cromwell,'  ii.  p.  198) ; 
and  had  since  then  done  service  in  Ireland. 
He  now  started  from  Paris  to  make  his  way 
through  England  to  Scotland  to  take  part  in 
the  insurrection  there.  In  chap.  xxix.  we  are 
told  "  he  had  originally  engaged  in  the  service 
of  the  Parliament,  but  had  abjured  that  party 
upon  the  execution  of  Charles  I."  As  already 
pointed  out,  Wogan  had  left  the  Parlia- 
mentary service  before  the  death  of  Charles  I. 
We  are  next  told  that  "  on  hearing  that  the 


io*  s.  i.  APRIL  9,  low.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


285 


royal  standard  was  set  up  by  the  Earl  of 
Glencairn  and  General  Middleton  in  the 
Highlands,"  he  came  over  into  England.  The 
royal  standard  was  set  up  at  Killin  on 
27  July,  1653,  and  the  office  of  Comrnander- 
in-Chief  of  his  Majesty's  forces  in  Scotland 
was  held  by  Glencairn  until  the  arrival  of 
Middleton  at  the  end  of  February  of  the 
following  year.  Immediately  on  his  arrival 
Glencairn  was  superseded  by  Sir  George 
Monro.  But  Scott's  inaccuracy  in  this  matter 
surely  reaches  its  height  on  the  opposite  page, 
where  we  find  Flora  Maclvor's  poem  on  the 
oak  tree  marking  "  the  grave  of  Capt.  Wogan, 
killed  in  1649  (!)"  Yet  some  have  proposed 
that  our  youth  should  be  taught  history  in 
schools  by  means  of  Scott's  works. 

J.  WILLCOCK. 
Lerwick. 

4  THE  CREEVEY  PAPERS.'— On  p.  78  of  these 
there  is  a  letter  from  Mr.  Creevey  to  Dr.  Currie, 
dated  July,  1806,  and  on  p.  80  another  from  the 
same  to  the  same,  dated  "  12  July."  In  the 
latter  case  the  year  is  presumably  also  1806, 
since  Creevey's  account  of  what  took  place  in 
the  House  the  previous  night  is,  in  a  foot- 
note, buttressed  by  a  quotation  from  '  Han- 
sard '  of  11  July,  1806.  Now  the  curious  part 
of  the  matter  is  that  Dr.  Currie  (presuming 
the  Dr.  Currie  of  the  numerous  letters 
between  Creevey  and  Currie  to  be  one  and  the 
same  person)  died  31  August,  1805.  See  'Life 
of  Dr.  Currie,'  vol.  i.  403  (Longmans,  1831). 
Sir  Herbert  Maxwell,  on  p.  vi  of  the  Introduc- 
tion to  the  '  Papers,'  gives  a  brief  account,  in 
a  foot-note,  of  Dr.  Currie,  and  there  also  the 
dates  are  given  1756-1805. 

Whilst  on  this  matter  I  may  mention  that 
Sir  H.  Maxwell  says  nothingabout  T.  Creevey's 
parentage.  In  Boardman's  '  Liverpool  Table 
Talk  100  Years  Ago,'  published  by  Henry 
Young,  Liverpool,  1856,  which  is  a  running 
commentary  on  the  names  appearing  in  the 
first  Liverpool  Directory,  that  of  1766,  there 
is  the  entry,  "  Capt.  William  Creevy,  School 
Lane,  father  of  the  late  T.  Creevy,  Esq.,  M.P." 
Further,  in  Gomer  Williams's  '  The  Liverpool 
Privateers  '  (London,  Wm.  Heinemann,  1897), 
on  p.  489,  the  same  information  is  given. 
Capt.  William  Creevey  seems  to  have  been 
very  unfortunate.  While  collecting  slaves  in 
Melimba  Road,  Africa,  in  March,  1757,  he  and 
other  slavers  were  attacked  by  two  French 
frigates,  and  their  vessels  destroyed.  In  the 
following  year,  whilst  outward  bound  in  the 
snow  Betty,  he  was  captured  again  by  the 
French,  and  the  vessel  was  sunk.  In  1759  we 
find  him,  in  command  of  the  Spy,  safely 
arriving  on  the  African  coast,  but  after  that 
in  this  oook  all  is  silence.  J.  H.  K. 


THOMAS  RANDOLPH.  —  Thomas  Randolph, 
poet  and  dramatist,  who  is  referred  to  in 
MR.  BAYLEY'S  note  on  Shad  well's  '  Bury  Fair' 
(ante,  p.  221),  died,  as  there  stated,  within 
three  months  of  his  thirtieth  birthday.  This 
event,  which  was  the  result  of  excesses  into 
which  his  fashionable  life  had  led  him, 
occurred  at  the  house  of  William  Stafford, 
Esq.,  of  Blatherwyke  House,  Northampton- 
shire, and  he  was  buried  there  among  the 
ancestors  of  that  family,  "in  an  aisle  adjoining 
the  church,"  17  March,  1634.  A  monument, 
still  on  the  church  wall,  was  erected  to  his 
memory  at  the  expense  of  Sir  Christopher 
Hatton,  and  it  bears  an  inscription  composed 
by  Randolph's  most  intimate  friend,  Peter 
Hausted.  It  is  quaint  enough,  perhaps,  for  a 
place  in  '  N.  &  Q  ,'  and  runs  as  follows  : — 

Here  aleepe  thirteen  together  in  one  Tombe 
And  all  these  great — yet  quarrel  not  for  room. 
The  Muses  and  the  Graces'  tears  did  meet 
And  graved  these  letters  on  ye  churlish  sheete  j 

Who,  having  wept  their  Fountaines  drye 
Through  the  conduit  of  ye  eye 
For  their  friend  who  here  doth  lye, 
Crept  into  his  grave  and  died — 
And  so  the  riddle  is  untyed. 

For  which  this  Church — proudly  the  Fates  bequeath 

Unto  her  ever  honored  trust 

So  much  (and  that  so  precious)  dust — 

Hath  crowned  her  temples  with  an  ivy  wreath, 

Which  should  have  laurel  been 

But  that  the  grieved  plant  to  see  him  dead 

Took  pet  and  withered. 

Fuller  says  of  him  : — 

"  The  Muses  may  seem  not  only  to  have  smiled, 
but  to  have  been  tickled  at  his  nativity  and  the 
festivity  of  his  poems  of  all  sorts/' 

ALAN  STEWART. 

7,  New  Square,  Lincoln's  Inn. 

MARTELLO  TOWERS.— The  following  cutting 
from  the  column  headed  '  Books  and 
Authors'  in  the  Mowing  Post  for  4  March 
may  perhaps  be  thought  worth  preservation, 
though  I  am  not  sure  that  a  similar  expla- 
nation has  not  previously  been  given  in 
'N.  &Q.':- 

"  A  much-vexed  etymological  problem,  the  origin 
of  the  name  '  Martello  Tower/  can  now  be  regarded 
as  finally  solved.  The  curious  erections  to  be  seen 
along  the  southern  coast  were  known  to  have  been 
imitated  from  a  Corsican  fort,  first  taken  from  the 
French  by  a  member  of  the  Wolseley  family  in  1793, 
but  recaptured  and  again  held  against  the  British 
two  years  later.  How  the  name  arose  was  disputed. 
Two  explanations,  ingenious  but  quite  baseless, 
•were  propounded.  The  first  derived  it  from  a, 
designer,  one  Martel,  who  has  existed  solely  in  the 
realm  of  hypothesis.  The  other  took  the  term  to 
be  neither  more  nor  less  than  the  Italian  word  for 
'  hammer,'  it  being  supposed  that  a  small  instru- 
ment of  the  kind  was  used  to  strike  a  bell  inside 
the  tower  as  a  warning  of  approaching  pirates. 


286 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  i.  APRIL  9, 1904. 


The  simple  truth  is  that  the  word  should  really  be 
spelt '  Mortella,'  and  as  such  appears  in  the  con- 
temporary map  given  by  Sir  J.  F.  Maurice  in  his 
recently  issued  publication  of  '  Sir  John  Moore's 
Diary.'  The  name  was  applied  to  a  tower  and  bay 
on  the  north  coast  of  Corsica,  and  in  all  probability 
was  given  in  allusion  to  the  myrtle,  which  grows 
luxuriantly  on  that  part  of  the  coast." 

The  Punta  Mortella  is  a  small  promontory 
situated  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Florent,  on  the 
north-western  coast  of  Corsica,  a  few  miles 
to  the  north  of  the  town  of  that  name. 
Readers  of  the  late  Henry  Seton  Merriman's 
novel '  The  Isle  of  Unrest,'  which  gives  a  life- 
like picture  of  the  people  and  scenery  of 
Corsica,  will  remember  that  this  old  but 
decayed  town  frequently  figures  in  that  story. 
The  coast  of  Corsica  is  studded  with  these 
Genoese  watch-towers,  now  generally  in  a 
state  of  ruin.  In  the  interior  of  the  island 
the  forts  built  to  dominate  the  surrounding 
country  were  constructed  according  to  the 
approved  rules  of  fortification  in  the  four- 
teenth and  fifteenth  centuries,  and  are  gene- 
rally provided  with  moats  and  drawbridges. 
The  old  square  tower  of  Vivario  is  a  pic- 
turesque ruin.  The  fort  of  Vizzavona,  which 
was  built  upon  the  narrow  tongue  of  land 
that  forms  the  watershed  between  the  valley 
of  the  Gravona  to  the  south  and  the  valley 
of  the  Vecchio  to  the  north,  has  unfortu- 
nately undergone  a  sort  of  restoration.  The 
results  are  disastrous,  as  from  a  distance  it 
resembles  a  modern  house  with  a  tiled  pitched 
roof  and  gable  ends,  and  from  its  commanding 
position  it  forms  a  blot  upon  a  landscape  that 
otherwise  possesses  every  element  of  beauty. 
The  myrtle,  which  is  said  to  grow  luxuriantly 
upon  the  coast  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Mortella,  is  found  in  abundance  everywhere. 
With  the  arbutus,  the  cystus,  and  various 
other  shrubs,  it  forms  a  principal  constituent 
of  the  macchie,  Fr.  maquis,  or  Corsican 
"bush,"  of  which  the  aromatic  odours  im- 
pregnate the  atmosphere  of  the  island.  The 
Corsican  name  for  the  myrtle  is  murta  in  the 
dialect  of  Ajaccio,  and  morta  in  that  of  Bastia. 
Of  the  latter  word  mortella  may  perhaps  be 
a  diminutive.  W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

Vizzavona,  Corsica. 

TORPEDOES.— A  correspondent  in  the  Times 
has  drawn  attention  to  Ben  Jonson's  'Staple 
of  News,'  which  contains  the  following 
dialogue  : — 

Barber.  They  write  here  one  Cornelius  Son  hath 
made  the  Hollanders  an  invisible  eel,  to  swim  the 
haven  of  Dunkirk,  and  sink  all  the  shipping  there. 

Pennyboy.  But  how  is  't  done? 

Cymbal.  I  '11  show  you,  sir.  It  is  an  Automa,  runs 
under  water,  with  a  snug  nose,  and  has  a  nimble 
tail  made  like  an  auger,  with  which  tail  she  wriggles 


Betwixt  the  costs  (ribs)  of  a  ship,  arid  sinks  it 
straight. 

Pennyboy.  A  most  brave  device,  to  murder  their 
lat  bottoms. 

The  '  Staple  of  News  '  was,  I  understand, 
produced  in  1625.  Although  the  use  of 
torpedoes  in  naval  warfare  was  proposed  in 
the  early  part  of  the  nineteenth  century,  no 
successful  application  of  them  was  made  until 
the  American  Civil  War  of  1861-64.  This 
matter  is,  perhaps,  sufficiently  curious  to 
deserve  mention  in  '  N.  &  Q.' 

RICHARD  EDGCUMBE. 

Edgbarrow,  Crowthorne,  Berks. 

BURNS  ANTICIPATED. — It  is  mentioned  in  a 
MS.  album,  circa  1830-34,  in  my  possession, 
that 

"  there  is  a  remarkable  eoincidence,  almost  amount- 
ing to  identity,  between  a  passage  in  one  of  Burns's 
poems  and  a  sentence  in  an  old  dramatist.  Burns 
says : — 

Her  prentice  han' 

She  tried  on  Man 

And  then  she  made  the  Lasses,  oh  ! 

In  '  Cupid's  Whirligig,'  a  comedy  printed  in  1607, 
is  the  following  passage : — '  Man  was  made  when 
Nature  was  but  an  apprentice,  but  \Voman  when 
she  was  a  skilful  Mistress  of  her  Art.' " 

Whether  this  anticipation  of  Burns  has  been 
previously  noticed  in  print,  I  am  not  aware. 

W.  I.  R.  V. 

PIT  OF  A  THEATRE. — In  his  recently  pub- 
lished volume  on  the  Elizabethan  -  Stuart 
stage,  Dr.  Karl  Mantzius  hazards  a  guess  as 
to  the  original  significance  of  the  word  "pit" 
in  its  theatrical  application.  It  appears  to 
him  that  the  ground  was  so  called  because  it 
formed  the  base  of  a  well-like  structure.  But 
surely  there  were  other  and  more  distinctive 
reasons  for  the  upspringing  of  the  phrase. 
To  trace  its  origin  is  to  map  out  the  genesis 
of  the  English  theatre. 

When  the  players  were  forced  by  Bumbledom 
to  desert  their  temporary  scaffolds  in  the  old 
inn-yards,  they  removed  across  the  river  and 
built  themselves  permanent  theatres  on  the 
plan  of  the  neighbouring  amphitheatres  in 
which  bulls  and  bears  had  long  been  baited. 
That  is  to  say,  the  disposition  of  the  audi- 
torium was  circus-like,  out  the  arrangement 
of  the  stage,  with  its  traverses  and  permanent 
balcony,  remained  as  in  the  inn-yards.  For 
long  there  was  little  inclination  to  keep  the 
art  of  the  drama  free  from  the  brutalities  of 
bear-baiting.  Some,  but  not  all,  of  the 
theatres  were  built  with  removable  stages  so 
that  acting  might  be  diversified  occasionally 
by  less  refined  entertainments.  Ludwig, 
Prince  of  Anhalt,  visited  London  in  1596, 
and  subsequently  wrote  an  account  of  his 


i.  APRIL  9, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


287 


travels  in  which  he  pointed  out  that  in  the 
English  playhouses  bulls  and  bears  were  not 
only  baited,  but  cock-matches  fought.  On 
such  occasions  the  ground-floor  would  form 
the  bear-pit  or  cockpit,  and  by  a  natural 
transition,  the  place,  when  utilized  by  specta- 
tors, would  come  to  be  spoken  of  as  "the  pit." 
If  my  interpretation  be  correct,  the  expres- 
sion "  yard  "  as  applied  to  the  position  occu- 
pied by  the  groundlings  must  have  become 
obsolete  with  the  players'  abandonment  of 
the  old  inn-yards. 

What  is  the  earliest  known  use  of  the  word 
"  pit "  in  its  strictly  theatrical  sense  ?  I  can 
trace  it  in  Pepys  at  the  dawn  of  the  Restora- 
tion, but  no  earlier.  W.  J.  LAWRENCE. 

BISHOP  BUCKERIDGE'S  BIRTHPLACE.— John 
Buckeridge,  President  of  St.  John's  College, 
Oxford,  and  Bishop  of  Ely  in  1627,  was  not 
born  at  Draycot  Cerne,  as  stated  in  the 
'Dictionary  of  National  Biography,'  but  at 
Draycot  Foliat,  in  Chisledon  parish.  His 
secretary,  Anthony  Holmes,  was  told  by  the 
bishop  that  he  was  born  at  Draycot,  near 
Maryborough  (see  Fuller's  '  Worthies,'  under 
'  Wilts '),  to  which  town  Draycot  Cerne 
certainly  cannot  be  said  to  be  near.  To  show 
that  Draycot  Foliat  is  meant,  the  following 
extracts  from  the  Wilts  subsidies  may  be  of 
interest.  William  Buckeridge,  the  bishop's 
father,  occurs  in  the  subsidy  of  the  thirty-fifth 
and  fortieth  years  of  Elizabeth  under  Chisledon 

Krish,  in  which  Draycot  was  then  assessed, 
the  year  1600  Thomas,  son  of  William, 
occurs,  and  he  was  assessor  or  collector  of  the 
subsidy  in  the  years  1610  and  1628.  In  1641 
we  find  the  name  of  the  latter's  younger  son 
Anthony.  Thomas  Buckeridge  was  possessed 
of  the  farm  of  Draycot,  and  in  1649  his  elder 
son  Arthur  (see  'Chancery  Bills  and  Answers,' 
Buckeridge  v.  Fettiplace)  was  in  possession. 
The  family  came  from  Basildon,  Berks,  where 
the  elder  branch  died  out  in  the  year  1743. 
Another  branch,  that  of  Pangbourne,  the 
adjoining  village,  ceased  to  reside  there  in  or 
about  1868.  The  family  is  of  interest,  as  it 
was  kin  to  that  of  St.  John's  College,  and  the 
mother  of  Jethro  Tull,  the  writer  on  agri- 
culture, was  a  Buckeridge  of  Basildon.  The 
pedigrees  as  given  by  Wilder  of  Sulham  and 
Blandy  of  Chaddleworth  (see  Berry,  '  Berks 
Pedigrees,'  and  Burke's  'Landed  Gentry')  are 
incorrect.  The  two  families  claimed  kinship 
to  Sir  Thomas  White  through  the  Buckeridges, 
and  professed  to  be  descended  from  Thomas 
Buckeridge  of  Basildon,  brotherof  the  bishop. 
This  Thomas  was  in  reality  the  only  son  of 
John  Buckeridge  of  Basildon  and  Katharine, 
a  daughter  of  Thomas  Pleydellof  Shrivenham, 


and  his  will  was  proved  in  1653  ;  his  father, 
John,  was  a  first  cousin  of  the  bishop,  and 
therefore  not  entitled  to  kinship  with  the 
founder  of  St.  John's.  The  bishop's  brother 
Thomas,  as  we  see  in  the  subsidies,  was  of 
Draycot  (see  also  his  brother  Arthur's  will, 
which  was  proved  in  1638,  and  where  he  is 
styled  "  my  brother  Thomas  of  Dracot "),  but 
later,  probably  through  his  wife's  connexion 
with  the  place — she  was  a  Goddard  of 
Swindon  ;  and  in  his  will,  which  was  proved 
1655,  we  find  him  of  Ham,  in  ClifFe  Pypard. 
There  is  a  pedigree  (Harleian  MS.)  which 
correctly  states  the  descent,  and  as  this  and 
the  pedigrees,  as  given  in  Berry  are  certified 
by  heralds,  it  is  somewhat  difficult  to  attach 
importance  to  such  certificates. 

ARTHUR  STEPHENS  DYER. 
28,  Leamington  Road  Villas,  W. 

PIT=A  GRAVE. — Looking  through  the  six- 
teenth and  early  seventeenth  century  burial 
registers  of  the  church  of  St.  Peter,  Corn- 
hill,  I  was  struck  with  the  constant  use 
of  this  word.  The  following  are  a  few 
examples  : — 

"  1593,  25  Jan.  John  Randoll,  Draper  and  Sexton 
of  this  church,  his  pit  in  the  belfrie." 

"  1593,  8  Sept.  Henry  Drables,  sonne  of  Robert 
Drables,  Fishmonger,  his  pit  in  the  east  y"1." 

"1593.  Elizabeth  Whitehead,  Mr  Hunters  maid, 
her  pit  in  the  east  yard." 

"  1646,  Mar.  30.  Our  Reverent  Pastor,  Mr.  Tho. 
Colema',  pitt  in  ye  vpper  end  of  ye  chancell." 

The  grave  is  often  described  as  the  pit  by 
the  Psalmist ;  but  it  is  not  common  to  find  it 
so  designated  in  parish  registers,  at  all  events 
so  late  as  1646.  HENRY  FISHWICK. 

"  MUCK-A-LUCKS." — I  first  met  with  this  in 
the  Athenaeum,  6  January,  1900,  in  a  review  of 
a  book  called  '  Two  Women  in  the  Klondyke.' 
The  reviewer  remarked  that  the  author,  Mrs. 
Hitchcock,  "  wore  muck-a-lucks ;  what  they 
are  we  shall  not  attempt  to  guess."  The  term 
is  not  in  existing  English  dictionaries,  but  it 
is  to  be  found  in  most  modern  works  on  the 
Klondyke.  Jack  London  spells  it  muchics  in 
his 'Children  of  the  Frost,1  1902,  p.  90.  As 
the  '  N.E.D.'  will  doubtless  include  it,  I  have 
been  at  some  pains  to  trace  its  history.  It  is 
from  the  Eskimo  word  for  a  seal,  mcikloq  (so 
written  by  Father  Barnum,  in  his  '  Innuit 
Language,'  1901).  This  was  extended  to 
mean,  first,  the  skin  of  the  seal,  then  the 
sealskin  boots  of  the  white  miners,  pic- 
turesquely described  in  the  Pall  Mall 
Magazine,  vol.  xxiii.  p.  56,  as  "  water-tight, 
clumsy,  evil- smelling,  so  large  that  hay  is  put 
inside  to  make  a  good  bed  for  the  foot,  and 
so  loose  that  leather  thongs  must  be  wrapped 


288 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [w»  s.  L  A™,  9.  MM. 


around  instep  and  ankle."  That  the  above  is 
the  true  etymology  appears  from  the  following 
quotations  : — 

"  Their  boots  vary  in  length,  and  in  the  material 
used  for  the  sides,  but  all  have  soles  of  maclock,  or 
seal-skin." — F.  Whymper,  'Travels  in  Alaska,' 
1868,  p.  136. 

"  The  Innuit  name  of  the  same  seal  is  muklok, 
a  word  which  is  also  used  by  the  Russians  to 
designate  seal-skin."— W.  H.  Ball,  'Alaska,'  1870, 
p.  533. 

JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 


dgum.es, 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

"  SMALLAGE."  —  What  is  the  origin  of  this 
word  ?  It  does  not  occur  in  the  'Encyclo- 
paedic Dictionary,'  nor  in  Paxtori's  '  Botanical 
Dictionary,'  but  is  still  used,  I  believe,  at 
any  rate  in  some  parts  of  the  country.  In 
Herrick's  '  Hesperides,'  No.  220,  we  have  the 
lines  :— 

Dear  Perenna,  prithee  come 
And  with  smallage  dress  my  tomb. 

This,  in  Pollard's  edition,  is  explained  to 
mean  the  water-parsley.  In  Syme's  'English 
Botany,'  however,  we  are  told  (vol.  iv.  p.  99) 
that  smallage  means  the  wild  celery  (Apium 
graveolens),~with  which  agrees  the  'Cyclopaedia' 
of  Rees.  Halliwell  gives  "smallage,"  and 
calls  it  the  water-parsley,  quoting  a  passage 
from  Hey  wood's  'Marriage  Triumph'  (1613). 
But  according  to  Syine  the  latter  is  the 
English  name  of  a  species  of  CEnanthe. 

W.  T.  LYNN. 
Blackheath. 

[Smallage = water -parsley,  occurs  in  Barclay'8 
'  Argenis,'  translated  by  Le  Grys.] 

LORDS  RAYMOND  AND  PENGELLY. — On  p.  62 
of  a  booklet  entitled  "The  Stranger's  Guide 
through  London  ;  or,  a  View  of  the  British 
Metropolis  in  1808,  by  William  Carey,"  occurs 
this  note  :  "  Furnival's  Inn,  situated  in  Hoi- 
born,  contains  a  hall,  about  70  feet  by  24, 
in  which  are  portraits  of  Lords  Raymond 
and  Pengelly."  What  is  become  of  these 
portraits?  E.  S.  DODGSON. 

IMMUREMENT  IN  SEA-WALLS.—'  In  the  Fen- 
land  Past  and  Present,'  by  S.  H.  Miller  and 
S.  B.  J.  Skertchly,  1878,  it  is  said  that 
formerly,  when  an  inundation  was  caused  by 
neglect  of  the  sea-walls,  the  man  in  fault 
in  some  cases  "  had  his  sins  brought  home  to 
him  in  a  striking  manner — he  was  placed  in 
the  breach  and  built  in."  Whence  is  this 


statement  derived  1  Does  it  occur  in  Dug- 
dale's  '  History  of  Imbanking  and  Draining  of 
Fens  and  Marshes  "?  M.  P. 

"MONKEY  ON  THE  CHIMNEY."— This  saying 
indicates  the  existence  of  a  mortgage  on  a 
house.  It  is  said  to  be  current  in  Devonshire, 
but  I  have  not  met  with  it  before.  What  is 
its  origin,  and  how  does  the  comparison  hold 
good?  A.  J.  DAVY. 

Torquay. 

ST.  MEWBRED.— What  is  on  record  about 
this  saint,  to  whom  Cardinham  Church  is 
dedicated  ?  I  have  Mr.  lago's  paper  on  Car- 
dinham (Journal  It.  I.  Cornwall,  xix.,  Nov., 
1877),  which  quotes  William  of  Worcester 
for  St.  Mybbard  alias  Colrog  :  but  the  refer- 
ence "  concerning  St.  Mewbred  see  also  Bothes 
Reg.  fo.  22,"  is  beyond  my  reach. 

C.  S.  WARD. 

GERARDE  JODE.  —  Can  any  correspondent 
give  me  information  respecting  the  artist 
Gerarde  Jode?  WALTER  L.  JODE. 

[There  is  a  notice  of  this  artist  and  his  works  in 
Bryan's  '  Dictionary  of  Painters  and  Engravers.'] 

LESLIE  STEPHEN'S  'ENGLISH  LITERATURE 
AND  SOCIETY  IN  THE  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY.' 
— There  are  two  references  in  this  delightful 
volume  about  which  I  venture  to  ask  for 
information.  On  p.  100  Stephen  says :  "When 

the  'moneyed  men' were  roused  by  the 

story  of  Capt.  Jenkins's  ear,  Walpole  fell"; 
and  on  p.  136,  "Crusoe  is  the  voice  of  the 
race  which  was  to  be  stirred  by  the  story  of 
Jenkins's  ear  and  lay  the  foundation  of  the 
Empire."  Who  was  Jenkins,  and  what  is  the 
story  ? 

On  p.  123  occurs  : — 

"  The  taste  [for  gardening]  has,  I  suppose,  existed 
ever  since  our  ancestors  were  turned  out  of  the 
Garden  of  Eden.  Milton's  description  of  that 
place  of  residence,  and  Bacon's  famous  essay,  and 
Cowley's  poems  addressed  to  the  great  authority 
Evelyn,  and  most  of  all  perhaps  Maxwell's  inimit- 
able description  of  the  very  essence  of  garden,  may 
remind  us  that  it  flourished  in  the  seventeenth 
century." 

Will  some  reader  tell  me  something  of 
Maxwell  ?  G.  W.  P.  S. 

[For  the  War  of  Jenkins's  Ear  see  Prof.  Laugh- 
ton's  article  on  Robert  Jenkins,  master  mariner, 
in  the  'D.N.B.,' or  Rawson  Gardiner's  'Student's 
History  of  England'  under  1738-42.] 

SHAKESPEARE'S  GRAVE. — What  is  the  reason 
for  the  general  belief  that  the  slab  in  the 
chancel  in  the  church  at  Stratford  covers 
the  grave  of  Shakspere  ?  It  bears  four  lines 
of  doggerel,  but  says  nothing  about  Shak- 
spere. The  monument  in  the  north  wall  says 
that  Shakspere  is  "  within  this  monument." 


10*  s.  i.  APRIL  9, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


289 


Of  course  this  cannot  be  taken  literally, 
but  the  natural  interpretation  would  be  that 
the  body  was  beneath  the  monument,  not 
several  feet  away  and  beyond  another  grave. 
I  have  never  heard  of  the  matter  oeing 
questioned,  but  I  have  never  seen  it  stated 
on  what  authority  that  particular  grave  is 
identified  with  Shakspere's  earlier  than  Dug- 
dale's  statement  in  his  '  Antiquities  of  War- 
wickshire,' which  was  published  forty  years 
after  Shakspere's  death  and  would  seem  to 
be  mere  tradition.  Is  there  earlier  authority  ? 
De  Quincey  and  Knight  thought  that  the 
stone  with  the  doggerel  was  put  there  "  as  a 
sort  of  siste  viator  appeal  to  future  sextons," 
and  was  probably  written  by  the  grave- 
digger  or  trie  parish  clerk.  It  is  true  that  at 
the  time  of  the  publication  of  Dugdale's 
book  Shakspere's  daughter  Judith  and  his 
granddaughter  Elizabeth  were  still  living, 
and  he  might  have  obtained  his  information 
from  them.  Is  there  any  evidence  that  he 
did  1  ISAAC  HULL  PLATT. 

The  Players,  16,  Gramercy  Park,  New  York. 

"BADGER  IN  THE  BAG." — In  Lady  Guest's 
translation  of  the  '  Mabinogion,' '  Pwyll  Prince 
of  Dyyed,'  p.  17,  Nutt's  edition,  1902,  is  the 
following  :  "  Every  one,  as  he  came  in,  asked 
'  What  game  are  you  playing  at  thus  1'  '  The 
game  of  Badger  in  the  Bag,'  said  they.  And 
then  was  the  game  of  Badger  in  the  Bag  first 
played."  What  is  the  game  here  referred  to? 
I  do  not  find  an  explanation  in  any  book  of 
reference,  including  the  '  N.E.D.'  A.  G. 
Leeds. 

HALLEY'S  Two  VOYAGES,  1698-1700.  —  We 
may  not  turn  naturally  to  the  life  of  an 
eminent  physicist  for    tales  of    travel  and 
daring  adventure,  yet  these  and  more  may 
be  there.    A  bibliophile  often  finds  hidden 
treasure   in    unexpected    places,    conscious, 
however,  that  every   jewel  loses  brilliancy 
when  taken  from  the  sparkling  cluster  to 
which  it  belongs.    To  place  them  in  a  new 
setting  is  a  task  which  only  a  skilful  lapidary 
is  able  satisfactorily  to  perform.    Occasionally 
a  collection  can  be  transferred  intact,  leaving 
the  selection  of  individual  gems  to  a  later 
hand.     There  are  one  or  two  such  collections 
which  have  been  mentioned  in  these  columns, 
namely,  Capt.  E.  Halley's  '  Letters,'  written 
during  his  two   voyages,  and    the  original 
memoirs  of  that  astronomer  by  Folkes.    The 
former  are  in  the  Public  Record  Office  (9th  S. 
x.  361),  and   the  latter  ought  to  be  in  the 
archives  of  the  Academy  of  Sciences  at  Paris, 
though   some  inquiries  therefor  remain  un- 
answered   (9th    S.    xii.   127,   and   the    Inter- 
mddiaire,    xlviii.    557).      The  two  together, 


with  notes  and  appendices,  would  be  a  con- 
siderable contribution  towards  a  biography 
of  Halley.  They  might  very  appropriately 
be  accompanied  by  a  reprint  of  his  '  Log ' 
(22+83  pp.  4to),  published  by  Sir  Alex. 
Dalrymple  in  his  'Collection  of  Voyages, 
chiefly  in  the  Southern  Atlantick  Ocean  ' 
(London,  1775),  of  which  a  copy  is  in  the 
New  York  Public  Library.  The  writer  is 
indebted  to  Mr.  H.  M.  Lydenberg,  assistant 
to  director  of  that  library,  for  some  very 
interesting  particulars  of  the  book. 

In  9th  S.  x.  361  reference  was  made  to  the 
following  item  in  the  late  Bernard  Quaritch's 
'General  Catalogue  for  1880'  (p.  1202): 
"No.  12086.  Halley's  two  Voyages,  1699- 
1700,  Terra  Magellanica,  Falkland  Islands, 
4to,  hf.-bd.  6s.  1773-5." 

Can  any  reader  give  a  fuller  description  of 
this  book  ?  Does  it  consist  of  a  reprint  of 
Halley's  '  Journal '  or  '  Log,'  published  by 
Dalrymple?  EUGENE  F.  McPiKE. 

Chicago,  U.S. 

BARTOLOZZI. — Can  any  of  your  readers  tell 
me  the  exact  title  and  date  of  publication  of 
Melchiore  Missirini's  'Life  of  Bartolozzi'? 
I  shall  also  be  glad  of  the  references  to  this 
engraver  in  the  works  of  Misani. 

INQUIRER. 

'  JOHN  INGLESANT.'— I  am  told  the  localities 
of  the  scenes  in  '  John  Inglesant '  are  known ; 
that,  for  instance,  one  of  the  churches  (is  it 
Monks  Lydiard  ?)  is  near  Malvern.  The  book 
is  of  real  importance,  and  if  any  key  does 
exist,  and  some  contributor  would  send  it  to 
your  columns,  he  would  render  a  valuable 
service  to  others  besides  Lucis. 

RIVER  DIVIDED. — Nathaniel  Crouch,  using 
the  signature  of  R.  B.,  in  his  'Admirable 
Curiosities,  Rarities,  and  Wonders  in  Eng- 
land, Scotland,  and  Ireland,'  tells  his  readers 
that 


"  in  1399,  before  the  Wars  of  Lancaster  and  York, 
on  New  Year's  day,  the  deep  River  between  Suel- 
stone  and  Harwood  (two  Villages  near  Bedford 
Town)  call'd  Ouse,  stood  still,  and  divided  it  self, 
so  that  for  three  miles  the  bottom  remained  dry, 
and  backwards  the  Waters  swell'd  to  a  great  height, 
which  wonder  was  thought  to  presage  the  division 
of  the  People  and  King." — Sixth  ed.,  1702,  p.  11. 

No  authority  is  given  for  this  strange  tale. 
Is  it  a  mere  fable?  or  does  it  record  some 
geological  change  ill  understood  ? 

ASTARTE. 

FAIR  MAID  OF  KENT.  —  I  am  anxious  to 
discover  the  descendants  of  Joan,  the  Fair 
Maid  of  Kent.  Was  Thomas,  the  second 
Earl  of  Kent,  her  son  ?  In  that  case,  as  his 
daughter,  Margaret  Holland,  married  the 


290 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  i.  APRIL  9, 190*. 


Earl  of  Somerset,  Joan  Beaufort,  Queen  of 
James  L,  was  her  great-granddaughter.  And 
was  Eleanor  Holland,  who  married  Roger 
Mortimer,  the  son  of  Philippa,  daughter  of 
Lionel,  Duke  of  Clarence,  sister  to  the  above 
Margaret  1  And  is  there  any  record  of  issue 
of  the  Fair  Maid's  daughters,  Joan,  Duchess 
of  Brittany,  and  Maude,  who  married  the 
Comte  de  St.  Pol  ? 

Though  I  cannot  find  the  reference,  I  have 
seen  somewhere  that  the  mother  of  Margaret, 
Countess  of  Richmond,  was  Eleanor  Holland. 
Would  she  be  a  granddaughter  or  great- 
granddaughter  of  Joan  ?  I  may  mention 
that  a  descendant  of  the  Fair  Maid  of  Kent, 
through  Eleanor,  sister  of  the  last  earl,  is  the 
wife  of  a  yeoman  in  a  Worcestershire  parish, 
personally  known  to  me.  HELGA. 

ARCHITECTURE  IN  OLD  TIMES. —  In  Long- 
fellow's poem  of  '  The  Builders  '  we  find  this 
stanza  : — 

In  the  elder  days  of  Art 

Builders  wrought  with  greatest  care 
Each  minute  and  unseen  part ; 
For  the  goda  see  everywhere. 
That    this    is    something    more    than    mere 
poetical  hyperbole  seems  to  be  shown  by  a 
passage  in  Mozley's  '  Reminiscences  of  Oriel 
College,'  i.  32  :— 

"As  an  instance  of  the  way  in  which  religious 
sentiment  was  now  beginning  to  be  dissociated 
from  practical  bearings  and  necessities,  Froude 
would  frequently  mention  the  exquisitely  finished 
details  at  York  Minster,  and  other  churches,  in 
situations  where  no  eye  but  the  eye  of  Heaven  could 
possibly  reach  them."  (The  italics  are  mine.) 
It  would  be  interesting  to  have  other -illus- 
trations of  this  praiseworthy  sentiment,  so 
different  from  our  modern  utilitarianism. 
C.  LAWRENCE  FORD. 

FABLE  FROM  ARIOSTO.— In  Mr.  Christie 
Murray's  novel  'Hearts,'  chap.  v.  (1892) 
occurs  the  following  :  — 

"Ariosto's  fable  is  true.  God  found  one  day  a 
lump  of  gold,  and  he  wrapt  it  in  lead  and  cast  it 
upon  the  earth,  and  that  was  the  English  people 
And  you  have  been  ashamed  of  the  gold,  and  proud 
to  show  the  wretched  lead  ever  since." 

I  have  spent  some  time  in  seeking  for  this 
fable  in  my  folio  Ariosto,   of  nearly  1 000 
pages,  in  vain.     Can  any  reader  of  '  N.  &  Q 
place  the  "  dicte  and  saying  "? 

JAMES  HOOPER. 

Norwich. 

FISH  DAYS:  THEIR  NUMBER.  —I  am  anxiou; 
to  learn  if  the  153  fish  days  formerly  com 
pulsory  in  each  year  had  any  connexion  witl 
the  153  fash  in  the  miraculous  draught  o 
fashes  alluded  to  in  John  xxi.  11.  In  hi' 
life  of  Dean  Colet,  the  founder  of  St.  Paul'j 


School,  J.  H.  Lupton  states  that  the  number 
of  scholars  at  St.  Paul's  School  (London)  was 
;o  be  153,  according  to  the  number  of  fishes. 
Dr.  Colet  calculated  that  the  school  half- 
lolidays,  holidays,  and  Sundays,  in  which 
ihere  was  to  be  no  teaching,  also  amounted 
to  153  at  St.  Paul's.  Was  the  number  of 
hese  holidays  introduced  in  memory  of  the 
sacred  haul  of  fishes  ? 

J.  LAWRENCE-HAMILTON,  M.R.C.S. 

BARBERS. — I  have  been  preparing  for  some 
years  a  little  work  on  barbers,  which  will 
shortly  be  issued  under  the  title  of  'At  the 
Sign  of  the  Barber's  Pole.'  I  am  anxious  to 
include  in  it  short  notices  of  notable  barbers, 
and  of  the  famous  sons  of  barbers.  Refer- 
ences to  these  men  will  oblige. 

WILLIAM  ANDREWS. 

Hull  Royal  Institution. 

[See  9th  S.  ii.  191,413.] 

HERALDIC  REFERENCE  IN  SHAKESPEARE.— 
Has  the  following  description  ever  been 
identified  with  any  badge  or  device  borne  by 
the  Yorkist  party  1  or  is  it  only  an  imaginary 
one  suggested  by  the  "sun  and  cloud  "  known 
to  have  been  used  by  Edward  III.  and  his 
son  the  Black  Prince  ?  The  reference  is 
contained  in  the  speech  of  the  sea-captain  to 
the  Duke  of  Suffolk,  '  2  Henry  VI.,'  IV.  i.  :— 
And  now  the  house  of  York— thrust  from  the 

crown 

By  shameful  murder  of  a  guiltless  king, 
And  lofty  proud  encroaching  tyranny — 
Burns  with  revenging  fire ;  whose  hopeful  colours 
Advance  our  half- faced  sun,  striving  to  shine, 
Under  the  which  is  writ  "  Invitis  nubibus." 

The  commentaries  of  Malone  and  Dyce 
merely  quote  Camden's  remark  about 
Edward  III.'s  badge  without  making  any 
suggestion  as  to  its  later  use.  The  "  sun  and 
cloud  "  does  not  occur  in  the  usual  lists  of 
Yorkist  badges ;  but  Shakespeare  may  have 
intended  to  suggest  the  temporary  eclipse 
of  the  Yorkist  fortunes  by  indicating  the 
Yorkist  "sun  in  splendour  "  as  enveloped  in 
clouds  and  accompanied  by  a  suitable  Latin 
motto.  R.  H.  E.  H. 

HIEROGLYPHICS  AND  DEITIES. — After  con- 
sulting several  books  on  the  stone  hieroglyphic 
inscriptions  which  have  been  deciphered  of 
late  years,  I  am  unable  to  satisfy  myself 
whether  the  direct  intervention  of  the  deities 
of  Assyria  and  Egypt  in  the  events  recorded 
is  mentioned  or  implied,  or  whether  all  are 
related  in  a  rnatter-of-fact  way  without  re- 
ference  to  the  supernatural.  If  the  mira- 
culous occurs  at  all,  one  would  like  to  know 
to  what  extent — as  often,  say,  as  in  early 
Roman  history  ?  M. 


10*  s.  i.  APRIL  9, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


291 


N  PRONOUNCED  NG. 
(10th  S.  i.  247.) 

I  MUCH  deprecate  the  discussion  of  phonetic 
questions.  One  who  knows  the  answer  is  often 
placed  in  a  false  and  unenviable  position  by 
being  thus  asked  to  explain  technical  matters 
which  are  properly  treated  in  technical 
books,  such  as  Sweet's  'History  of  English 
Sounds.'  It  requires  preliminary  knowledge, 
such  as  the  majority  do  not  possess,  before 
an  answer  can  be  understood,  unless  one 
occupies  far  more  space  than  can  reasonably 
be  given  to  the  consideration  of  such  a 
subject  as  this. 

The  very  title  assigned  to  the  question 
shows  how  wholly  the  matter  is  misunder- 
stood. The  true  word  is  the  spoken 
utterance ;  the  mere  spelling  is  only  the  repre- 
sentation of  such  utterance,  and  often  repre- 
sents it  very  badly.  It  is  not  the  letter  n  that 
is  pronounced  as  ng  (though  such  vague 
expressions  are  only  too  common),  but  the 
sound  of  ng  that  is  represented  by  n  ;  which 
is  a  very  different  way  of  putting  it. 

The  fact  is  this.  We  have,  in  modern 
English  spelling,  adopted  this  rule,  viz., 
always  to  represent  the  sound  of  ngk  by  the 
symbol  nk.  The  rule  has  the  convenience  of 
saving  a  letter  withoutcausing  any  ambiguity. 
For  this  reason  it  was  that,  even  in  Gothic, 
in  which  the  symbol  for  the  sound  of  ngk 
happened  to  be  ggk  (in  imitation  of  Greek), 
it  was  not  unusual  to  write  gk  simply ;  hence 
the  Gothic  driggkan,  to  drink,  was  also 
written  drigkan. 

Similarly,  instead  of  A.-S.  dringcan,  it 
seemed  sufficient  to  write  drincan.  Wherever 
the  symbol  nc  occurs  in  A.-S.,  it  is  to  be 
understood  as  denoting  the  sound  which 
would  more  correctly  be  denoted  by  ngk  or 
ngc. 

One  great  trouble  is  that  ng  denotes  a 
simple  elementary  sound,  and  has,  in  philo- 
logical works,  a  special  symbol.  It  is  quite 
distinct  from  n  followed  by  g.  Neither  the 
ng  in  sing  nor  the  implied  ngg  in  single  is 
sounded  like  the  ng  in  sun-god.  This  should 
always  be  borne  in  mind. 

As  the  use  of  nk  for  ngk  is  invariable,  no 
harm  arises.  But  the  sounds  of  ng^  in  sing 
and  in  single,  though  quite  distinct,  are 
written  alike.  It  may  be  well  to  show  how 
this  arose. 

It  simply  arose  from  the  fact  that,  at  least 
in  the  earliest  A.-S.,  and  probably  in  the 
latest,  the  sound  of  ng  in  sing  does  not  appear 
to  have  existed  except  before  a  consonant, 


when  its  position  decided  its  value.  The  A.-S. 
sang,  a  song,  was  pronounced  sangg  (with 
Italian  short  a),  and  singan,  to  sing,  was  pro- 
nounced as  singgan.  But  there  came  a  time 
when  a  final  ngg  was  pronounced  as  ng  simple, 
giving  a  Middle-English  sang  or  song,  though 
the  verb  remained  as  singgen.  Then  came  a 
time  when  the  verb  was  reduced  to  sing-ge  (two 
syllables),  then  to  singg,  and  then  to  sing.  But 
such  reduction  never  occurred  in  words  where 
the  sound  of  ngg  was  never  final.  That  is  why 
we  still  say  lingger  and  fingger  and  singgle, 
whilst  singer  and  songster  are  reduced  to  con- 
formity with  sing  and  song. 

There  is  a  great  deal  more  to  be  said.  I 
will  only  say,  briefly,  and  (I  hope)  once  for 
all,  that  no  man  can  expect  to  have  any 
real  grasp  of  the  principles  of  English 
spelling  until  he  has  learnt  (1)  the  old  Roman 
pronunciation  of  the  Latin  alphabet  which 
we  employ  ;  (2)  the  sounds  and  sound-laws  of 
Anglo-Saxon  ;  (3)  the  sounds  and  sound-laws 
of  Anglo-French  ;  and  (4)  the  changes  made 
by  us  both  in  sounds  and  symbols  since 
A.D.  800.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

The  answer  to  W.  S.  B.  H.,  who  pertinently 
asks,  "  Why  is  the  letter  n  sounded  as  ng  before 
k,  &c.1"  is  that  the  practice  is  chiefly  an  out- 
come of  the  loose  and  careless  way  of  speak- 
ing which  has  long  since  spoilt  some  of  our 
habitual  locutions.  It  is  certainly  worse  in 
my  own  recollection.  But  those  persons  who 
have  a  mind  to  preserve  the  more  cultivated 
phases  of  the  English  tongue  will  continue 
to  say  an-chor,  an-guish,  Jenkins,  and  so  forth. 

After  purchasing  Annandale's  '  Concise 
English  Dictionary'  I  was  amazed  to  find 
these  "pronunciations"  given:  anchor= 
angker;  ankle = angkl ;  an ky losis = ang-kilosis; 
but  encroach=en-kroch  ;  enquire==en-kwir  ; 
also  incqnvenient=inkonvenient ;  increase^ 
inkres ;  inquire=inkwir,  &c.  It  looks  "  ing- 
konsistent"  to  treat  an  differently  from  en 
and  in.  One  cannot  find  refuge  in  respect  to 
the  accent— that  is  to  say,  apply  the  g  to  the 
prefix  when  it  is  accented.  No;  it  is  neither 
more  nor  less  than  needless  haste  in  speaking, 
and  consequent  failure  to  be  elegant. 

EDWARD  SMITH. 

It  is,  I  think,  convenience  of  speech  alone 
that  dictates  the  ringing  sound  of  ng  in  words 
where  the  semi-vowel  n  precedes  a  k.  If,  in 
ignoring  any  g  sound,  one  were  to  repeat  a 
dozen  times  any  one  of  the  words,  such  as 
"anchor,"  that  W.  S.  B.  H.  has  named,  it 
would  be  found  that  more  time  and  trouble 
would  be  necessary  than  would  be  involved 
in  the  articulation  of  the  g  sound.  Custom 
and  convenience  make  the  pronunciation 


292 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  i.  APRIL  9, 1901. 


"angchor,"  "Jengkins,"  &c.,   the  only  per- 
missible one.  J.  H.  MAcMiCHAEL. 

W.  S.  B.  H.'s  assumption  that  n  is 
"  always  sounded  as  ng  before  k,  c  or  ch  (pro- 
nounced ask),  and  x"  astonishes  me.  With 
the  single  exception  of  the  word  anxiety, 
which  is  sometimes  rendered  angxiety  by 
people  who  try  to  talk  very  nicely,  i  do  not 
think  the  examples  he  gives  would  be  con- 
firmed by  the  utterance  of  most  well-educated 
men.  ST.  SWITHIN. 


MARLBOROUGH  AND  SHAKESPEARE  (10th  S.  i. 
127,  177,  256). — It  seems  clear  to  me  that 
after  the  Eestoration  Jonson  and  Beaumont 
and  Fletcher  were  the  most  esteemed  of  the 
dramatists  that  flourished  during  the  reigns 
of  Elizabeth  and  James.  When  another  was 
mentioned,  it  was  Shakspeare.  Pepys,  in  his 
'  Diary,'  seems  to  reflect  the  opinion  of  his 
age,  and  evidently  holds  Jonsoii  in  the 
greatest  esteem.  We  can  also  gather  from 
the  '  Diary  '  that  the  plays  of  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher  were  the  most  frequently  performed. 
Of  the  '  Volpone '  of  Ben  Jonson  Pepys  has 
written  : — 

"  A  most  excellent  play :  the  best,  I  think,  I 
ever  saw." 

In  another  place  he  has  the  following  : — 
"I  never  was  more  taken  with  a  play  than  I  am 
with  this   '  Silent  Woman,'  as  old  as  it  is,  and  as 
often  as  I  have  seen  it.   There  is  more  wit  in  it  than 

goes  to  ten  new  plays The  best  comedy,  I  think, 

that  ever  was  wrote." 

He  has  written  as  follows  of  '  Bartholomew 
Fair '  :— 

"An  excellent  play.  The  more  I  see  it,  the  more 
I  love  the  wit  of  it." 

Shakspeare's  plays  evidently  appeared  to 
him  to  be  of  less  value  : — 

"To  the  King's   Theatre,  where  we  saw  'Mid- 
summer's Night's  Dream,'  which  I  had  never  seen 
before,  nor  shall  I  ever  again,  for  it  is  the  most 
insipid,  ridiculous  play  that  ever  I  saw  in  my  life." 
He,  however,  thought  better  of  '  Macbeth '  :— 

"A  pretty   good  play,  but  admirably  acted 

A  most  excellent  play." 

He  has  written  thus  : — 

"  To  Deptford  by  water,  reading  '  Othello,  Moore 
of  Venice,'  which  I  ever  heretofore  esteemed  a 
mighty  good  play,  but  having  so  lately  read  '  The 
Adventures  of  Five  Houres,'  it  seems  a  mean 
thing." 

The  'Diary'  contains  likewise  this  pas- 
sage : — 

"Saw  '  The  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,'  which  did 
not  please  me  at  all,  in  no  part  of  it." 

It  has  also  the  following  : — 

"Resolved  to  go  to  see  'The  Tempest.' The 

most  innocent  play,  that  ever  I  saw The  play 


has  no  great  wit,  but  yet  good  above  ordinary 
plays."* 

If  I  have  counted  them  rightly,  Pepys 
saw  eight  plays  of  Shakspeare.  Those 
on  which  he  has  made  no  remark  were 
'  Hamlet,1  '  Romeo  and  Juliet,'  '  Henry  IV.' 
He  saw  eleven  plays  of  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  and  five  of  Fletcher.  Milton,  in 
poetry  which  was  not  read,  acknowledged  the 
supremacy  of  Shakspeare.  Dryden  did  the 
same,  and  also  extolled  Milton.  But  not  till 
the  eighteenth  century  was  either  Shak- 
speare or  Milton  valued  at  his  real  worth 
by  the  public.  Hume,  in  his  'History  of 
England,'  referring  to  'Paradise  Lost.'  has 
written  the  following  sentence  : — 

"  Lord  Somers,  by  encouraging  a  good  edition  of 
it,  about  twenty  years  after  the  author's  death,  first 
brought  it  into  request ;  and  Tonsqn,  in  his  dedica- 
tion of  a  smaller  edition,  speaks  of  it  as  a  work  just 
beginning  to  be  known. 

Addison  must  have  spread  the  fame  of  our 
two  greatest  poets  by  what  he  wrote  con- 
cerning them  in  the  Spectator. 

E.  YARDLEY. 

TIDESWELL  AND  TlDESLOW  (9th  S.  xii.  341, 
517  ;  10th  S.  i.  52,  91,  190,  228,  278).— I  have 
read  the  articles  contributed  by  MR.  ADDY, 
PROF.  SKEAT,  and  DR.  BRUSHFIELD  on  this 
interesting  tumulus  and  its  connexion  with 
the  origin  of  the  name  Tideswell,  a  town  very 
prettily  situated  not  far  away,  and  can  testify 
to  the  local  pronunciation  being  Tidsa  for 
the  town,  and  Tidslow  for  the  ancient  burial 
mound. 

The  position  of  the  low  is  very  commanding, 
standing  as  it  does  on  the  highest  point  of 
Tideswell  Moor;  and  though  my  acquaintance 
with  Anglo-Saxon  grammar  is  too  meagre  to 
allow  me  to  enter  the  lists  with  such  able 
scholars  as  MR.  ADDY  and  PROF.  SKEAT,  I 
am  of  opinion  that  MR.  ADDY'S  theory  has 
much  support  from  natural  evidence,  such  as 
is  afforded  by  a  comparison  with  other  sites  ; 
for  instance,  Walder's  Low,  on  the  crest  of 
the  hill  about  eight  miles  north-west  of 
Sheffield,  brings  down  the  stream  of  time  the 
personal  name  of  an  old  chieftain  whose 
memory  is  embalmed  in  Waldershelf,  the 
ancient  name  of  the  district  now  known  as 
Bolsterstone. 

With  reference  to  the  suffix  ivell,  there  is 
in  the  Little  Don  valley  a  small  district 
known  as  Swinden  Walls,  but  I  cannot  find 
that  this  name  has  anything  to  do  with 
wells  or  springs  of  water  ;  on  the  contrary, 
the  fact  that  there  has  been  from  time  imme- 
morial a  cultivated  clearing  in  the  moorland 

[*  Is  not  this  reference  to  Dryden's  '  Tempest '  ?] 


.  i.  APRIL  9.19N.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


293 


at  this  place  would  appear  to  lend  force  to 
the  argument  that  well  or  \oall  indicates  an 
enclosure  or  cultivated  area. 

Another  district  in  the  same  region  is 
known  as  Whitwell,  and  answers  to  similar 
conditions. 

Further,  the  reference  to  Baslow,  in  Derby- 
shire, as  containing  the  A.-S.  name  Bassa  or 
Bassan  would  certainly  appear  to  be  con- 
firmed by  the  name  Bassenthwaite,  near 
Keswick,  in  Cumberland,  and  proves  how 
necessary  it  is  to  appeal  to  the  older  spelling 
of  place-names,  if  we  are  to  unravel  aright 
the  true  meaning  of  the  past. 

JOSEPH  KEN  WORTHY. 

Deepcar,  near  Sheffield. 

ST.  DUNSTAN  (10th  S.  i.  149,  216).— Allen 
quotes  Aubery  (1673)  as  follows  with  regard 
to  this  saint  and  the  devil : — 

"  There  was  also  a  chapel,  larger  than  at  Trinity 
College,  Oxford,  the  windows  of  the  fashion  as  the 
chapel  windows  at  the  Priory  of  St.  Mary  in  Wilts. 
There  were  no  escutcheons  or  monuments  remain- 
ing ;  but  in  the  parlour  and  chamber  over  it  (built 
not  long  since)  were  some  roundels  of  painted  glass, 
about  8  inches  diameter,  viz.,  St.  Michael  fighting 
with  the  devil,  St.  Dunstan  holding  the  devil  by 
the  nose  with  its  pincers,  and  having  retorts, 
crucibles,  and  chemical  instruments  about  him ; 
with  several  others,  so  exactly  drawn  as  if  done 
from  a  good  modern  print." 

The  above  appears  under  '  Waverley '  in 
'  Abbeys  around  London." 

JOHN  A.  KANDOLPH. 

SPEAKERS  OP  THE  IRISH  HOUSE  OF  COM- 
MONS, AND  MEMBERS  FOR  COUNTY  AND 
BOROUGHS  OF  KING'S  COUNTY  (10th  S.  i.  227). 
—The  Speakers  FRANCESCA  will  find  in  the 
'Journals'  of  the  Irish  House  of  Commons, 
the  members  in  part  ii.  of  the  'Official 
Return  of  Members  of  Parliament.' 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

The  following  editorial  note  appeared  in 
4th  S.  vii.  323  :— 

"Lodge's  'Parliamentary  Register  of  the  Irish 
House  of  Commons  from  1585  to  1769 '  is  printed  in 
the  '  Liber  Munerum  Publicorum  Hibernise,'  being 
the  Report  of  R.  Lascelles  published  by  the  Record 
Commission,  2  vols.  1824,  fol.  See  part  i.  pp.  1  to 
40.  For  a  continuation  of  the  list  to  the  year  1800, 
consult  'The  Journals  of  the  House  of  Commons 
of  Ireland,'  vols.  viii.  to  xix.,  Dublin,  1796-1800, 
fol." 

EVERARD   HOME   COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

LECHE  FAMILY  (10th  S.  i.  207,  274).— There  is 
a  reference  to  this  family  in  Edward  Hasted's 
'History  of  Kent,'  1778,  vol.  i.  p.  385,  from 
which  it  appears  that  Squerries  was  at  one 
time  possessed  by  Lambert,  the  Parliamen- 
tary general,  who  sold  it  to  John  Leach,  Esq., 


whose  son,  Sir  William  Leach,  Knt.,  sheriff 
of  the  county  in  1667,  sold  it  in  1681  to  Sir 
Nicholas  Crisp,  Bt.  W.  S. 

TORCH  AND  TAPER  (10th  S.  i.  109,  196).— 
The  following  extract  from  the  will  of  a 
John  Swynnerton,  proved  at  Lichfield  in 
1547,  may  be  read  with  interest : — 

"  Itm  I  will  to  have  iij  torches  tobringe  rne  home 
and  therafter  to  be  kepte  tyll  suche  tyme  as  God 
shall  caull  for  my  wiff.  And  after  her  decease  one 
to  be  gyven  to  Wolstanton  and  another  to  Thurs- 
felde  chappell  and  the  other  to  Astbury  towards 
the  maiutenynge  of  God  s'vys  and  to  be  praed  for." 

CHARLES  SWYNNERTON. 

JACOBITE  WINEGLASSES  (10th  S.  i.  204). — 
I  have  a  glass  goblet,  7|  in.  high,  3|  in.  in 
diameter.  It  belonged  to  my  great-grand- 
father, born  1708,  whose  father  lived  near 
Oxford.  On  it  are  a  star,  and  a  thistle  full 
blown  with  four  leaves ;  issuing  from  the 
stem  of  the  thistle  is  a  spray  consisting 
of  a  full-blown  rose,  a  bud,  and  four  rose 
leaves.  Is  it  Jacobite  ? 

To  5th  S.  i.  62  I  contributed  a  letter  pur- 
porting to  have  been  written  by  a  Fynmore 
to  his  son  at  Oxford,  who  had  sent  a  request 
for  money.  The  father,  in  sending  a  draft, 
expressed  his  satisfaction  at  his  son  s  conduct 
on  the  birthday  of  "that  old  rump  rogue 
with  an  orange  "  (William  III.).  Some  very 
extraordinary  advice  follows.  Fynmore  pro- 
ceeds :  "  Our  family  have  allways  been  in  the 
true  old  cause,  and  we  will  live  and  dye  by  it, 
Boy.  Damn  the  rump — that  is  my  motto." 

Another  family  manuscript  has  the  fol- 
lowing expression  :  "  King  Charles,  I  wish 
I  call  king  now."  R.  J.  FYNMORE. 

CLAVERING  :  DE  MANDEVILLE  (10th  S.  i.  149, 
213).— Saffron  Walden  was  head  of  the  Man- 
devilles'  honour  in  Essex,  and  members  of 
this  family  were  probably  overlords  to  Swain's 
descendants,  one  of  whom,  viz.,  Eleanor, 
daughter  and  coheiress  to  Henry  de  Essex, 
married  Roger  FitzRichard  ;  his  son  suc- 
ceeded to  the  manor  of  Clavering,  and  a 
great-grandson  became  Baron  of  Clavering 
y  writ.  The  manor  fell  subsequently  to 
Nevil  and  Barrington.  A.  H. 

FLESH  AND  SHAMBLE  MEATS  (10th  S.  i.  68). 
— The  only  explanation  of  this  seems  to  be 
that  the  "  Shambles,"  the  regular  meat- 
market,  were  closed  on  fast  days,  so  that 
any  meat  required  on  those  occasions  was 
necessarily  obtained  from  some  other  source. 
"  Flesh  daies  "  and  "  fysh  daies  "  are  fre- 
quently specified  in  the  '  Regulations  of  the 
Percy  Household,'  1827  ;  and  William  Benet 
bequeathed  "v£.  for  the  reparation  of  the 


294 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  APRIL  9, IOM. 


shambles    for    strange    butchers    to  occupy 
every   market-day."      See    N.    H.    Nicolas's 

*  Testamenta  Vetusta,'  1826,  p.  426. 

J.    HOLDEN   MAcMlCHAEL. 

J.  R.  GREEN  ON  FREEMAN  (10th  S.  i.  225).—- 
M.'s  translation  is  only  possible  on  the 
assumption  that  an  inter  has  fallen  out 
before  quas,  which  I  suspect  to  have  been 
the  case;  The  division  of  the  angels  into 
nine  choirs  divided  into  three  hierarchies  is 
due  to  the  Pseudo-Dionysius  ('Hierarchia 
Ccelestis,'  c.  6),  who  was  followed,  with  minor 
variations,  by  St.  Gregory  the  Great  (Horn, 
in  Ezek.  xxxiv.  7) ;  St.  John  Damascene  ('  De 
Fid.  Orthod.,'  ii  3);  the  majority  of  the 
schoolmen,  e.g ,  Hugh  of  St.  Victor  ('  De 
Sacr.,'  i.  5),  Peter  Lombard  ('Sent.,'  L.  ii. 
dist.  9  A),  and  St.  Thomas  Aquinas  ('  Sum- 
ma,'  P.  i.  qu.  108,  art.  6) ;  and  since  the 
Photian  Schism  by  the  Orthodox  Confession 
(P.  i.  qu.  xx.)  and  the  Confession  of  Metro- 
phanes  Oritopulos  (cap.  ii.)  in  the  East.  In 
the  last-cited  author  the  angels  collectively 
are  called  Swa//,«s.  It  ii?  probable  that 
virtutes  is  used  in  this  general  sense  in  the 
passage  under  discussion.  The  difficulty, 
however,  of  interpreting  it  without  inter- 
polating inter  is  that  most  writers  do  not 
rank  any  angels  (except  in  some  cases  the 
Thrones)  above  the  Cherubim  and  Seraphim. 
The  commonly  accepted  order  seems  to  be 
that  of  St.  Thomas,  viz  ,  I.  (1)  Seraphim, 
(2)  Cherubim,  (3)  Thrones  ;  II.  (4)  Domina- 
tions, i.e.,  Kupto-njTes,  (5)  Virtues,  i.e.,  8vva.fj.ei.?, 
(6)  Powers,  i.e.,  fgovcriai. ;  III.  (7)  Principali- 
ties, i.e.,  dpxal,  (8)  Archangels,  (9)  Angels. 
This  is  the  order  given,  for  example,  in  the 

*  Manual  of  Catholic  Theology '  by  Wilhelm 
v.  Scannell,  sec.  121  (3).     On  the  other  hand, 
the    authors    of    '  A    Catholic     Dictionary ' 
(apparently  following   St.   Gregory's   order) 
transpose  the  Virtues  and  Principalities,  and, 
speaking  of  the  division  of  angels  into  choirs 
generally,  observe  that    "the  existence    of 
these  particular  classes  of  angels  is  no  article 
of  faith."    Seraphim,  cherubim,  archangels, 
and    angels    are    often    mentioned    in    the 
Scriptures  ;  the  names  of   the  other  orders 
are  taken  from  Ephes.  i.  21  and  Col.  i.  16. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

COL.  ROGER  MACELLIGOTT  (9th  S.  xii.  328). 
—Among  the  regiments  ordered  to  be  estab- 
lished in  1688  by  King  James  was  one  for 
Col.  Roger  MacElligott,  a  very  experienced 
officer  of  an  ancient  Munster  race.  "The 
MacElligott  Regiment"  formed  part  of  the 
army  brought  over  to  England  by  James  as 
a  force  on  whose  fidelity  he  could  rely.  The 
Earl  of  Clarendon  in  his  '  Journal '  mentions 


the  fact  that  James  went  to  Hampton  Court 
to  inspect  "  MacGillicudd's  regiment  lately 
come  out  of  Ireland."  In  June,  1688,  this 
force  returned  to  Ireland.  In  1689  Col. 
MacElligott  was  M.P.  for  Ardfert,  in  Kerry 
in  the  National  Parliament  in  Dublin ;  and 
the  Comted'Avaux,  Louis  XIV. 's  ambassador 
to  King  James  in  Ireland,  in  a  letter  from 
Dublin,  immediately  before  the  meeting  of 
that  Parliament,  wrote :  "  M.  MacElligott, 
Gouverneur  de  Kinsale,  c'est  un  fort  honeste 
homme  de  mes  amis,  et  qui  me  les  fera  tenir 
fort  ponctuellement" ;  and  in  July,  1690, 
Col.  MacElligott  was  with  his  regiment  at 
the  battle  of  the  Boyne.  Cork  in  1690  was 
so  unfitted  to  endure  a  siege  by  the  Earl 
of  Marl  borough  (theretofore  the  friend  of  King 
James)  and  his  force  of  1,200  men,  besides 
ships  of  war,  that  Col.  MacElligott  and  his 
garrison  of  4,500  men  were  compelled  to 
capitulate.  Col.  MacElligott  was  sent  & 
prisoner  to  the  Tower  of  London  ;  but  in 
1697  he  was  exchanged,  and  permitted  to 
pass  over  to  France.  Meantime,  he  was  not 
forgotten  by  King  James,  who,  on  the  re- 
modelling of  the  Irish  army  on  the  Continent, 
made  him  colonel  of  the  "  Regiment  de  Clan- 
carty  Infanterie."  This  regiment,  after  the 
battle  of  La  Hogue  in  1692,  was  attached  to 
Marshal  de  Catinet's  army  in  Italy  ;  and  was 
finally  transferred  to  the  Duke  de  Ventome's 
army  in  Catalonia,  with  which  it  assisted 
at  the  reduction  of  Barcelona  in  1697. 

The  name  of  MacElligott,  besides  supply- 
ing a  major-general  and  a  baron  to  the 
military  service  of  Austria  under  the  Empress 
Maria  Theresa,  has  been  represented  in  the 
service  of  France,  where,  including  a  Mare- 
chal  de  Camp,  it  contributed  several  officers 
to  the  regiments  of  Berwick,  Clare,  Ros- 
common,  &c.  From  the  mention  of  a  General 
MacElligott  amongst  the  number  of  great 
military  and  civil  officers  of  Irish  birth  or 
descent  in  the  Austrian  service  who  dined 
together  in  Vienna  on  St.  Patrick's  Day, 
1778,  it  is  probable  that  the  brave  Col.  Roger 
MacElligott  emigrated  to  and  settled  in  the 
Imperial  dominions. 

In  a  letter  in  Sleator's  'Public  Gazetteer' 
of  1760  it  is  related  that  Lieut. -General 
MacGuire  commanded  afe  Dresden,  &c.,  and 
"  that  it  is  to  him  and  his  near  kinsman  and 
countryman,  the  brave  Major  -  General  Baron 
MacElligott,  who  is  indefatigably  climbing  to  mili- 
tary glory,  that  their  Imperial  Majesties  are 
indebted  for  forming  the  Croats,  Pandours,  and 
other  irregular  freebooters  into  as  regular  and  well- 
disciplined  troops  as  any  others  of  their  subjects." 

The  above  is  culled  from  '  King  James's 
Irish  Army  List,'  second  edition,  by  John 
D'Alton  (J.  R.  Smith,  1861),  and  '  History  of 


ID"- s.  i.  APRIL  9, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


295 


the  Irish  Brigades  in  the  Service  of  France,' 
by  J.  C.  O'Callaghan  (Glasgow,  Cameron  & 
Ferguson,  1870).       HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 
119,  Elms  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 

In  the  '  Annals  of  the  Kingdom  of  Ireland 
by  the  Four  Masters '  it  is  related  that  in  the 
year  1247 

"  a  great  war  was  kindled  by  Turlough,  the  son  of 
Hugh  O'Conor,  and  Donough,  the  son  of  Amnchadh 
O'Gillapatrick  of  Ossory,  against  the  English  o 

Connaught Many   persons  were    destroyed   b 

them,  with  MacElget  (Mageoghegan  calls  him  Mac 
Eligott),  Seneschal  of  Connaught,  who  was  killec 
by  the  aforesaid  Donough,  the  son  of  Anmchadh. 

It  is  also  recorded 

"that  a  family  named  Eligott,  and  probably  th 
descendants  of  this  seneschal,  settled  at  Bally-Mac 
Eligott,  near  Tralee,  in  the  county  of  Kerry,  wher 
they  were  highly  respectable  till  the  close  of  the 
seventeenth  century. 

Some  particulars  of  the  family  bearing  this 
name  during  the  eighteenth  century  will  be 
found  in  3rd  S.  xi.  196  ;  5th  S.  viii.  168. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

In  the  London  Library  copy  of  Wolseley's 
4  Life  of  Maryborough,'  on  pp.  175,  199,  205  of 
vol.  ii.  there  are  some  rather  interesting 
MS.  notes  in  pencil  concerning  this  officer. 
Among  other  things  it  is  mentioned  that  he 
was  sent  to  the  Tower  with  Lord  Clancarty, 
and  afterwards  allowed  to  go  to  France.  A 
manuscript  in  the  Record  Office  is  quoted, 
but  no  detailed  description  given  of  it. 

G.  GILBERT. 

PERIODICALS  FOR  WOMEN  (10th  S.  i.  228).— 
Besides  the  Ladies'  Magazine,  dating  from 
1710,  there  was  another  Ladies  Magazine,  by 
Jasper  Goodwill,  of  Oxford,  which  first 
appeared  in  1749  and  ceased  in  1753.  Then 
there  were  the  Ladies' Mercury  (London,  1693); 
the  Female  Taller  (Lond.,  1709) ;  the  Female 
Spectator  (Lond.,  1745) ;  the  Court  Magazine 
and  Monthly  Critic  and  Ladies'  Magazine  and 
Museum  of  the  Belles  Lettres,  first  published  in 
1756  ;  the  Ladies'  New  and  Elegant  Pocket 
Magazine  (Lond.,  1795) ;  and  the  Ladies' 
Monthly  Museum;  or,  Polite  Repository  of 
Amusement  and  Instruction  (Lond.,  1798). 
For  all  of  these  see  under  l  Periodical  Pub- 
lications '  in  the  Reading-room  Catalogue  of 
the  British  Museum  Library,  where  there  are 
probably  others. 

J.   HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

"PRIOR  TO"  (9th  S.  xii.  66,  154,  312  :  10th  S. 
i.  114,  175).— The  grammar  seems  to  be  quite 
right  in  the  sentence  quoted  by  J.  T.  F.  from 
Paley.  "  A  propensity  prior  to  experience  " 
may  be  compared  in  construction  with  Ad- 


dison's  ' '  A  great  man  superior  to  his  suffer- 
ings." In  one  or  two  sentences  quoted  by 
MR.  CURRY  "prior  to"  was  used  elliptically 
for  "at  a  time  prior  to."  And,  Ayhetner  the 
ellipsis  is  allowable  or  not,  prior  in  such 
cases  may  certainly  be  supposed  to  be  an 
adjective.  I  could  not,  however,  see  any 
defence  for  some  of  the  expressions ;  and  I 
agree  with  him  that  they  were  used  wrongly. 

E.  YARDLEY. 

BAGSHAW  (10th  S.  i.  9,  152).— In  my  library 
there  is  a  '  Gazetteer  of  Cheshire '  by  Samuel 
Bagshaw  :  "  Sheffield,  printed  for  the  Author 
by  George  Ridge,  5,  King  Street,  and  sold  by 
Samuel  Bagshaw,  Wentworth  Terrace,  Shef- 
field. Price  to  Subscribers,  14s.  6d  1850." 
The  preface  is  dated  "  Sheffield,  January  21st, 
1850."  T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 

Lancaster. 

TOPOGRAPHY  OF  ANCIENT  LONDON  (9th  S. 
xii.  429;  10th  S.  i.  70).— The  "jelusie"  or 
"gelosye"  circa  1277  was,  no  doubt,  the 
"  jalousie,"  a  sort  of  Venetian  blind,  a  varia- 
tion of  the  simple  window-shutter  of  the 
Middle  Ages,  which,  from  being  an  unusual 
feature  in  domestic  architecture,  served  well 
to  distinguish  the  house  which  it  adorned 
from  the  neighbouring  house  signs.  The 
balcony  at  its  first  adoption  in  London  served 
as  a  sign  in  a  similar  way,  as  did  an  "  iron 
gate"  or  a  "green  hatch,"  die.  "Jealous  "  is 
spelt  "gelous"  by  Lydgate,  the  fifteenth- 
century  poet  (Halliwell).  "Gelus"  was  the 
Middle-English  form  (Old  French  gelos\  as 
'  gelusie"(O.  French  gelosie)  was  of  "jealousy" 
Stratmann's  'Midd.  Eng.  Diet.'). 

It  is  difficult  to  say  where  "  Doggestrete  " 
was.     Possibly  it  was  a  street  which  led  to 
;he  Dog  House  on  the  north  side  of  Moor- 
ields,  in  which  were  kept  the  hounds  for  the 
amusement  of  the  Lord  Mayor  (see  Pennant's 
London,'  1793,  p.  264).    Or,  as  streets  often 
lerived  their  names  from  house  signs,  it  may 
lave  been  named  after  a  tavern  with  the  sign 
of  the  "  Dog,"  of  which  there  were  at  least 
/hree  instances  in  London — one  in  Holy \yell 
Street,  another  on  Ludgate  Hill,  and  a  third, 
f  uncertain  locality,  but  near  the  Houses  of 
3arliauient,  which  is  mentioned  by  Pepys  in 
us  '  Diary.' 

"The  cemetery  in  London"  could,  one 
would  have  thought,  be  identified  by  the 
context,  for  the  consecrated  enclosure  round 
any  church  was  often  called  a  cemetery  :  1485, 
Caxton,  'Chas.  Gt.,'  243,  "Two  cymytoryes 
or  chircheyerdes."  1530-1,  Act  22  Hen.  VIII., 
c.  14,  "Any  parishe  churche,  Cimitorie,  or 
other  lyke  halowed  place"  ('  H.E.D.'). 
The  date  might  also  help  to  identify  the 


296 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  L  A™,  9,  MM. 


lazar-house,  of  which  there  were  several  in 
the  suburbs  of  London  :  one  without  South- 
wark,  in  Kent  Street ;  another  between  Mile 
End  and  Stratford,  near  Bow  ;  another  at 
Kingsland,  between  Shoreditch  and  Stoke 
Newington ;  and  a  fourth  at  Knightsbridge. 
See  Stow's  'Survey,'  1720,  Appendix,  ch.  iv. 
p.  21.  Others  were  at  St.  Giles-in-the- Fields, 
St.  James's-in-the-Fields,  at  Hammersmith, 
Finchley,  and  Ilford  (ibid.).  "Mr.  Moser,  in 
his  vestiges  published  in  the  Europ.  Mag., 
vol.  li.  p.  331,  says  that  a  lazar-house  existed 
in  Lambeth  Marsh  "  (Thos.  Allen's  '  Hist,  of 
Lambeth,'  1837,  p.  304).  There  was  a  lazar- 
house  at  the  bottom  of  Highgate  Hill  (see 
John  Nelson's  'St.  Mary,  Islington,'  1811, 
p.  75 ;  and  S.  Lewis's  '  Hist,  and  Topog.  of 
St.  Mary's,  Islington,'  1842,  p.  288);  and 
another  at  Norbiton  at  the  beginning  of  the 
fifteenth  century  (W.  D.  Biden's  'Hist,  and 
Antiq.  of  Kingston,'  1852,  p.  126).  In  Pest- 
house  Fields  the  Lord  Craven  built  a  lazaretto, 
which  during  the  plague  of  1665  was  used  as 
a  pest-house,  whence  the  name  (Allen's  '  Hist, 
of  Lond.,'  1829,  vol.  iv.  p.  298).  Pest-House 
Row,  Old  Street,  St.  Luke's,  afterwards  Bath 
Street,  obtained  its  name  from  a  building 
that  stood  here  called  the  City  Pest-house. 
It  consisted  of  several  tenements,  and  was 
erected  for  the  reception  of  distressful  persons 
infected  by  the  plague,  as  a  lazaretto  (W. 
Harrison's  'New  Hist,  of  London,'  book  v. 
ch.  ii.  p.  541 ;  and  Maitland's  'London,'  1739, 

p.  776).  J.   HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

181,  Hammersmith  Road. 

As  the  four  names  mentioned  in  the  query 
appear  to  be  all  Jewish,  the  allusion  to  "  the 
Cemetery  "  seems  to  point  to  that  mentioned 
by  Stow  as  situated  on  the  west  side  of  Red 
Cross  Street.  This,  till  the  year  1177,  wa:_ 
the  only  one  allowed  to  the  Jews  in  England. 
MATILDA  POLLARD. 

Belle  Vue,  Bengeo. 

EGERTON-WARBURTON  (10th  S.  i.  169).— I 
possess  a  complete  set  of  the  Palatine  Note- 
Book,  also  a  letter  from  the  late  Mr.  J.  E 
Bailey,  dated  8  April,  1885,  explaining  that 
the  last  issue  was  dated  1  January,  and  the 
next  would  be  No.  49,  for  May,  1885.  I  never 
received  another,  which  I  think  I  should 
have  done,  as  I  had  paid  the  subscriptior 
for  the  year.  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

HORN  DANCING  (10th  S.  i.  5).— A  full  accoun 
of  this  old-time  occurrence  is  given  in  '  Th< 
Natural  History  of  Staffordshire,'  by  Rober 
Plot,  LL.D.  (Oxford,  168U).  The  paragrapl 
quoted  by  W.  B.  H.  shows  that  the  custom 
is  now  celebrated  four  months  earlier  than 


ormarly  (vide  Gough's  '  Camden,1  vol.  ii. 
).  514).  In  '  The  Beauties  of  England  and 
(Vales,'  edited  by  the  Rev.  J.  Nightingale, 
813,  vol.  xiii.  part  ii.  pp.  876-7,  under 
Abbot's  Bromley,'  will  be  found  a  full  de- 
cription. 

This  practice   seems    to  have  existed    at 
other  places  besides  Abbot's  Bromley,  for  we 
ind  hobbyhorse  money  frequently  mentioned 
n  the  old  parish  books  both  of  Stafford  and 
Seighford.      It   continued   in  force  till  the 
3ivil  War,  when  Sir  Simon  Degge  states  that 
saw  it  often  practised.    The  same  author 
adds,  in  another  part  of  his  work, 
'that  they  had  something  of  the  same  kind,  to  get 
noney  for  the  repair  of  the  church  of  Stafford,  every 
jommon  council  [man?]  then  collecting  money  from 
lis  friends,  and  whosoever  brought  in  the  greatest 
mm  to  the  hobbyhorse  was  considered  as  the  man 
>f  best  credit,  so  that  they  strove  who  should  most 
mprove  his  interest :  and  as  he  remembered  it  was 
iccounted  for  at  Christmas." 

As  a  Staffordshire  man  I  take  an  interest 
n  everything  pertaining  to  the  county,  more 
especially  from  an  antiquary's  point  of  view; 
[  should  therefore  be  obliged  if  any  reader 
:ould  tell  me  when  the  name  of  this  festival 
was  changed  from  Hobbyhorse  Dancing  to 
Born  Dancing. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D.,  F.R.Hist.S. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

LEPER  HYMN-WRITER  (10th  S.  i.  227).— I 
remember  that  Heine,  either  in  poetry  or 
prose,  mentions  this  singer  ;  but  I  cannot 
give  a  particular  reference.  E.  YARDLEY. 

"FuLTURE  "  (10th  S.  i.  225).— In  1692  a  jury 
for  the  manor  of  Holmesfield,  near  Dronfield, 
in  Derbyshire,  gave  permission  to  a  widow 
"  to  lay  her  manure  in  the  fold,  or  any  other 
f  ulter  what  so  ever."  I  gave  the  whole  verdict 
at  9th  S.  x.  501,  and  said  that  "  fulter  "  here 
represented  M.E./«M<?,  filth,  with  the  final  e 
sounded.  However,  the  two  extracts  from 
leases  given  by  W.  C.  B.  appear  to  show  that 
my  guess  about  the  final  e  was  wrong.  It  is 
interesting  to  note  that  Holmesfield,  Hans- 
worth  Wood  house,  and  Eckington  are  in  the 
same  neighbourhood.  S.  O.  ADDY. 

Would  not  this  word  refer  to  the  fixtures 
added  to  the  property  during  the  last  year 
of  the  tenant's  lease,  from  the  Latin  fulturus, 
a  support  or  prop  ;  but  no  doubt,  if  such  be 
the  case,  comprising  the  repairs  which  the 
tenant  had  made  of  dwelling-house,  barns, 
stables,  outhouses,  beams,  doors,  floors,  walls, 
gates,  bars,  posts,  stiles,  hedges,  ditches,  and 
fences?  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

"As  THE  CROW  FLIES"  (10th  S.  i.  204).— The 
late  Dr.  Brewer,  in  his  'Dictionary  of  Phrase 


io*  s.  i.  APRIL  9,  low.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


297 


and  Fable,'  says  that  the  crow  flies  straight 
to  its  point  of  destination,  and  the  route  is 
therefore  the  shortest  between  two  places. 

EVEEARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

LATIN  QUOTATIONS  (10th  S.  i.  188).— 

6.  "  Oves  et  boves  et  cetera  pecpra  campi" 
seems  a  free  quotation  of  Psalm  viii.  8,  "oves 
et  boves  universas,  insuper  et  pecora  campi." 

36.  "  Litera  scripta  manet."  The  question 
has  already  been  fruitlessly  raised  ;  see  5th  S. 
vii.  19,  39. 

45.  "  Nil  est  in  intellectu  quod  non  fuerit 
in  sensu."  John  of  Salisbury,  '  Metalogicus,' 
lib.  iv.  cap.  9,  "aitomnino  non  est  aut  vix 
est  cognitio,  deficiente  sensu."  The  unknown 
author  of  '  De  Intellectibus '  (printed  in 
'Abselardi  Opera,'  ed.  Cousins,  1859,  ii.  p.  747), 
"  tota  humana  notitia  a  sensitus  surgit."  This 
last  passage  gives  the  sense,  though  not  the 
words,  of  the  quotation,  which  when  quoted 
is  never  attributed,  so  far  as  I  can  find,  to 
any  author.  Gassendi,  writing  to  Descartes, 
gives  the  maxim  in  this  form:  "Quicquid  est 
in  intellectu prseessedebere  in  sensu"  (Blakey's 
'  Hist.  Philosophy  of  Mind,'  ii.  482  n.).  Aris- 
totle, 'An.  Post.,'  i.  18,  says  :  eiraxd^jvat  Se 
[IT]  IvovTas  aicrdrjcriv  a.8vvarov.  Cf.  Plato's 
'Phileous,'  §  82,  translated  by  Jowett,  iii. 
187-8. 

46.  "  Vivit  post  funera  virtus "  has  been 
discussed  without  result,  8th  S.  v.  129 ;  vi.  79; 
x.  362;  xi.  152.  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

"  THE  CROWN  AND  THREE  SUGAR  LOAVES  " 
(10th  S.  i.  167,  214).— May  I  ask  what  authority 
MR.  MAcMiCHAEL  has  for  stating  that  the 
name  of  the  "  Mitre  Tavern  "  was  changed  by 
Daniel  Rawlinson,  senior,  into  the  "  Mourning 
Mitre"?  His  son  Sir  Thomas  Rawlinson,  in 
January,  1700,  refers  to  the  "Mitre  Tavern,' 
in  occupation  of  Daniel  Rawlinson  (his  son), 
which  he  held  under  lease  from  the  Pewterers 
Company.  F.  M.  H.  K. 

NORTHALL,  SHROPSHIRE  (10th  S.  i.  226).— 
Only  one  place  of  this  name  is  mentioned  in 
the  'Imperial Gazetteer,'  and  this  is  a  hamlet 
in  the  parish  of  Eddlesborough,  near  Ivinghoe 
in  Bucks. 

Northall  as  a  surname  is  frequently  me 
with  in  the  Midlands.  A  Mr.  F.  A.  Northal 
resides  at  Dudley. 

CHARLES  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Bradford. 

AINOO  AND  BASKISH  (10th  S.  i.  264).— In 
1S88  Mr.  W.  Webster,  of  Sara  near  St.  Jean 
de  Luz,  lent  me  a  copy  of  Mr.  Chamberlain' 
English  translation  of  an  Ainoo  folk-tale  on 
*  The  Birds'  Tea-party,'    I  put  it  into  French 


rose,  and  asked  the  local  poet,  Augustin 
Itcheberri,  innkeeper  and  ex-shoemaker,  to 
ranslate  it  into  Baskish  rimes.  He  did  so, 
allowing  me  to  suggest  a  word  here  and  there, 
lis  poem,  under  the  title  '  Chorien  Besta,' 
.e.t  'The  Birds'  Feast,'  obtained  an  "honour- 
ible  mention  "  at  the  Bask  literary  festival, 
it  Christmas,  1888,  at  San  Sebastian,  and 
svas  published,  with  some  regrettable  deforma- 
ion  of  the  orthography,  in  the  Bevista 
Vuskal-erria,  printed  in  that  capital.  So 
Saskish  literature  has  been  enriched  by 
means  of  Ainoo,  through  the  intervention  of 
an  Englishman  and  the  Bask  bard  from  whom 
)r.  H.  Schuchardt  learnt  the  Labourdin 
dialect.  E.  S.  DODGSON. 

RODNEY'S  SECOND  WIFE  (10th  S.  i.  226).— 
Some  information  respecting  the  descendants 
of  Henrietta,  second  daughter  of  John  Clies, 
of  Lisbon,  by  Admiral  Lord  Rodney  (1718- 
1798),  will  be  found  in  'N.  &  Q.,'  6th  S.  vii. 
449 ;  viii.  415.  EvERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

"  BRIDGE  "  :  ITS  DERIVATION  (10th  S.  i.  189, 
250). — I  think  M.  Jean  Boussac  must  be  in 
r  when  he  affirms  that  bridge  was  intro- 
duced into  Paris  from  London  in  1893.  I 
was  in  1886,  and  for  many  years  after,  a 
member  of  the  Khediyial  Club  in  Cairo,  and 
bridge  was  the  principal  card  game  played 
there  at  my  entry,  and,  as  members  told  me, 
had  long  so  been.  Among  the  players  were 
many  Frenchmen,  though,  so  far  as  1  now 
recall,  no  Englishman.  I  infer  it  must  have 
been  known  in  France  years  before  1893. 

A.  M.  KEILEY. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED  (9th  S. 
xii.  188,  271). — At  the  latter  reference  MR. 
E.  H.  COLEMAN  stated  that  the  lines  com- 
mencing 

I  asked  of  Time  for  whom  those  temples  rose 
are  a  translation  by  the  Rev.  Charles  Strong 
of  a  sonnet  by  the  Italian  poet  Petrocchi, 
published  in  1862.  I  have  looked  up  Mr. 
Strong's  book,  and  find  the  wording  of  this 
sonnet  varies  very  considerably  from  the 
version  I  refer  to.  Has  any  other  trans- 
lation been  made  beginning  with  the  words  I 
have  quoted  ?  INDIANA. 

TEMPLE  COLLEGE,  PHILADELPHIA  (10th  S.  i. 
207).— I  know  nothing  about  the  degree- 
conferring  powers  of  this  college,  but  vol.  ii. 
of  the  Report  of  the  United  States  Commis- 
sioner of  Education  for  1902  (which  has  just 
reached  this  country)  includes  it  in  a  table 
of  '  Statistics  of  Schools  of  Theology  for  the 
Year  1902.'  From  this  table  I  gather  that  the 
full  title  of  the  institution  is  "  Philadelphia 


298 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  i.  APBIL  9,  im 


Theological  School  of  Temple  College  "  ;  that 
it  is  unsectarian,  was  opened  in  1894,  and 
has  Russell  H.  Conwell  as  Dean  or  President. 
The  number  of  professors  is  set  down  as  5, 
special  or  assistant  instructors  0,  whole 
number  of  students  42  (including  2  women), 
years  in  the  course,  5  (a  foot-note  to  this 
states  that  it  is  an  evening  school).  There 
are  no  entries  in  the  columns  headed 
"  Graduated  in  1902,"  "  Students  having  A.B. 
or  B.S.,"  "  Value  of  Grounds  and  Buildings," 
"Endowment  Funds,"  "Total  Income  in- 
cluding Benefactions,"  "  Benefactions  re- 
ceived," "  Bound  Volumes  in  Library." 

DAVID  SALMON. 

DICKENS  QUERIES  (10th  S.  i.  228,  272).—  I 
am  now  in  a  position  to  supply  an  answer  to 
one  of  my  queries  from  the  Globe  of  26  March  : 

"  Two  correspondents  send  the  same  solution  of 
the  question  we  quoted  last  week  from  Notes  and 
Queries  as  to  what  Mr.  Jingle  meant  when  he 
desired  the  festive  bottle  to  be  passed  'through  the 
button-hole.'  The  button-hole  is,  of  course,  always 
on  the  left  lappel  of  the  coat,  and  it  is  explained 
that  Jingle's  phrase  means  'right  to  left'  (i.e.,  'the 
way  of  the  sun  '),  just  in  the  way  that  a  posy  would 
be  brought  to  the  button-hole  from  the  right  hand 
[rather,  I  should  suppose,  the  way  the  button  goes 
through].  One  correspondent  points  out  that  in 
women's  clothing  the  arrangement  of  buttons  is 
reversed,  but  his  inquiries  as  to  the  cause  of  this 
have  been  fruitless." 

H.  K.  ST.  J.  S. 

The  expression  "  through  the  button-hole  " 
appears  to  mean  simply  "  from  right  to  left," 
the  bottle  being  naturally  on  the  right,  and 
button-holes  from  time  immemorial  on  the 
left  of  the  coat.  The  phrase  is,  therefore,  an 
equivalent  of  the  accompanying  "  way  of  the 
sun."  I  have  seen  this  query  asked  and 
answered  somewhere  before,  but  it  is  not,  as 
I  thought,  in  Calverley's  famous  Examination 
Paper  in  'Pickwick,'  though  other  Jingle- 
phrases  are.  F.  SIDGWICK. 

[CoL.  MALET  also  replies  concerning  "  through 
the  button-hole,"  and  COL.  DURAND  about  "Tama- 
roo."] 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 
Cambridge  Gild  Records.   Edited  by  Mary  Bateson. 

With   Preface   by  William    Cunningham,  D.D. 

(Cambridge,  Deighton,  Bell  &  Co.) 
Miss  BATESON'S  carefully  edited  work  is  a  very 
useful  addition  to  the  gild  literature  which  is  at 
present  accessible  in  a  printed  form.  No  pains 
have  been  spared  to  make  it  as  useful  as  possible, 
and  we  are  glad  to  find  it  nob  burdened  by  useless 
or  irrelevant  notes.  It  is,  however,  quite  evident 
that  a  great  part  of  the  documents  relating  to  these 
interesting  confraternities  have  been  lost.  Till 
recent  days  very  little  was  known  regarding  the 


mediaeval  gilds,  which  were  for  the  most  part 
ruthlessly  swept  away  by  the  storms  of  the  six- 
teenth century.  From  what  has  now  come  to  light 
it  is  evident  that  they  differed  very  much  in 
character  and  objects  among  themselves,  but  nearly 
all  had  certain  features  in  common :  they  relieved 
the  poor  members  of  their  own  body,  and  had 
religious  services  performed  for  the  living  and  the 
dead.  The  gild  life  of  Cambridge  goes  back  to  pre- 
Norman  days ;  but  whether  any  of  those  bodies 
whose  records  Miss  Bateson  has  edited  were  de- 
scendants of  those  of  an  earlier  time  may  well  be 
questioned. 

The  surviving  papers  of  eleven  gilds  are  here 
reproduced.  They  all  contain  interesting  things 
bearing  on  the  domestic  life  of  our  predecessors, 
which  indicate  how  free  our  ancestors  of  five 
hundred  years  ago  were  to  combine  for  social 
benefits,  and  suggest,  but  do  not  prove,  that 
such  was  the  case  in  more  remote  days,  concern- 
ing which  direct  evidence  is  wanting.  Though 
not  trade  gilds  in  the  strict  sense,  the  Cambridge 
gilds  sometimes  transacted  business  from  which  they 
drew  profit.  They  dealt  in  barley  and  malt,  from 
which  they  made  a  small  gain,  and  the  gild  of  St. 
Mary  traded  in  millstones.  In  the  year  1319  it  gained 
upwards  of  eight  pounds  by  this  means.  Were  these 
stones  of  the  small  sort  commonly  turned  by  hand, 
or  were  they  the  large  stones  used  in  wind  or  water 
mills?  Some  of  them  must  have  been  of  the  latter 
kind,  for  we  find  that  a  pair  were  sold  for  the  large 
sum  of  3/.  10s.  No  indication  is  given  as  to  the 
place  where  these  stones  were  quarried.  They  may 
have  come  from  Derbyshire  or  further  north,  but 
it  is  equally  probable  that  they  were  imported 
through  the  Netherlands  from  some  place  on  the 
Continent.  Turf-diggers  found  some  years  ago  near 
Nieuport  a  vessel  laden  with  the  stones  of  hand- 
mills  buried  about  five  feet  deep  in  the  peat.  It  is 
not  impossible  that  this  barge,  when  it  sank,  was 
making  its  way  down  a  canal  for  the  transshipment 
of  its  cargo.  Quern-stones,  we  find  from  an  Irish 
statute  of  1662,  were  at  that  time  imported  into 
the  sister  island.  In  1353  William  de  Lenne  and 
his  wife  Isabella,  on  their  becoming  members  of  the 
gild  of  Corpus  Christi,  contributed  to  the  expense 
of  a  play  called  '  The  Children  of  Israel.'  This 
probably  was  a  representation  of  the  slaughter  of 
the  Holy  Innocents  by  order  of  Herod,  as  a  copy 
of  a  drama  on  this  subject,  as  Miss  Bateson  points 
out,  has  come  down  to  us  ;  but  it  may  quite  pos- 
sibly have  been  a  dramatic  rendering  of  Moses 
leading  his  people  out  of  Egypt.  St.  Mary's  Gild 
had,  we  think,  a  special  service  for  those  who  died 
of  the  Black  Death.  This  was  probably  because 
many  of  them  must  have  passed  away  without  its 
being  possible  for  the  services  of  a  priest  to  be 
procured.  The  bede  rolls  of  St.  Mary's  Gild  are 
sjiven  in  full,  and  the  names,  as  well  as  all  others 
in  the  book,  have  been  carefully  indexed. 


BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES. 

THE  spring  and  Easter  bookselling  trade  is  evi- 
dently in  full  vigour,  if  we  are  to  judge  from  the 
interesting  catalogues  we  have  received. 

Mr.  James  Clegg,  of  Rochdale,  sends  List  No.  46, 
Spring,  1904,  containing  theological  works  from 
the  library  of  the  Rev.  R.  S.  Rowan  and  others. 
Among  general  literature  we  find  the  first  edition 
of  Addison's  '  Remarks  on  Several  Parts  of  Italy/ 


10*  s.  i.  APRIL  9, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


299 


17.  12*.  M.  ;  Burton's  '  London  and  Westminster,' 
1730;  Comines's 'Memoirs,' 1712;  Phillips's  ' Views 
of  the  Old  Halls  of  Lancashire  and  Cheshire,'  1893  ; 
Review  of  Jtfi'ieu's,  vols.  i.  to  xxii.,  37.  15s. ;  and 
Halliwell's  '  Dictionary  of  Archaic  and  Provincial 
Words.' 

Mr.  Bertram  Dobell  has  in  his  April  catalogue  a 
choice  selection  from  the  library  of  the  late  Sir  Thos. 
Dawson  Brodie.  This  includes  many  rare  works  of 
Scottish  interest.  In  the  general  list  are  Shelley's 
'  Queen  Mab,'  the  extremely  rare  original  edition,  a 
rather  short  copy,  but  in  sound  condition  and 


1810;  Donne's  'Poems,'  1649;  a  'Collection  of 
Curious  Tracts  relating  to  America,'  1665;  and 
some  manuscript  Psalters  on  vellum.  Under  Fitz- 
Gerald  is  a  copy  of  Major  Moor's  '  Mysterious 
Ringing  of  Bells  at  Great  Bealings.'  The  author 
was  a  firm  friend  of  Edward  FitzGerald,  whose 
autograph  is  on  the  title.  There  are  also  Halliwell's 
'  Contributions  to  Early  English  Literature,'  Brixton 
Hill,  1848  (there  were  only  75  copies  of  this  printed), 
and  a  first  edition  of  Home's  '  Douglas,'  the  volume 
containing  a  collection  of  cuttings  from  contempo- 
rary papers  and  three  portraits  of  the  author,  with 
his  autograph.  The  collection  is  from  the  library 
of  James  Maidment,  with  his  book-plate.  Under 
Coloured  Plates  are  '  The  Spirit  of  Cervantes  '  and 
'  Doctor  Syntax.' 

Mr.  Downing,  of  Birmingham,  "  Chaucer's  Head 
Library,"  has  a  new  list,  full  of  variety.  It  includes 
Baily's  Magazine,  54  vols.,  137.  13-?. ;  Blades's 
'  Enemies  of  Books,'  77.  ~s.  ;  Boccaccio,  1573, 21.  10s. ; 
Cruikshank's  'Table  Book,'  Punch  Office,  1845, 
47.  4s. ;  Fielding's  '  Works,'  with  introduction  by 
Edmund  Gosse ;  Leech's  '  Little  Tour  in  Ireland,' 
1859;  Leigh's  'Carols  of  Cockayne,'  first  edition, 
1869 ;  a  set  of  the  Magazine  of  Art ;  Musee  Frangais, 
4  vols.,  atlas  folio,  Galignani,  1829-30,  97.  9s. ; 
Fitchett's  '  Naval  and  Military  Works,'  9  vols. ; 
Pope's  'Works,'  20  vols..  1725-42;  Payne  Collier's 
'  Shakespeare,'  8  vols.,  207.  (this  edition  was  limited 
to  58  copies) ;  first  edition  of  Rowlandson's  '  Journal 
of  Sentimental  Travels,'  1821;  Pinkerton's  'Select 
Scottish  Ballads,'  1783 ;  '  Syntax  in  London,' 1820 ; 
and  Binns's  '  Century  of  Pottery  in  the  City  of  Wor- 
cester,' 1877.  There  are  also  interesting  items 
under  Birds,  Crustacea,  Zoophytes,  Fishes,  &c. 

Mr.  Francis  Edwards's  Easter  catalogue  contains 
Smith's  'Catalogue  Raisonn6  of  the  Works  of 
Dutch,  Flemish,  and  French  Painters,' 427. ;  Alpine 
Journal,  complete  set,  1869-1900, 267. ;  '  English  Dia- 
lect Dictionary,'  181. ;  Farmer  and  Henley's  '  Slang 
and  its  Analogues,'  complete  set ;  and  '  Hansard,' 
vol.  i.,  1803  to  1903,  5SO  vols.,  half-calf,  2507.  This 
set  includes  the  36  vols.  of  Cobbett's  '  Parliamentary 
History,  1066-1803.'  Mr.  Edwards  has  also  a  copy 
of  the  first  edition  of  '  Queen  Mab,'  an  exception- 
ally tall  copy,  bound  in  full  russia,  extra  gilt,  457. ; 
Sowerby's '  English  Botany,'  157. ;  Thomas  a  Kempis, 
Paris,  1856  (the  supplementary  volume  contains  a 
bibliography  and  index  of  MSS.) ;  Knight's  '  Gallery 
of  Portraits,'  1834-7,  147,  ;  '  Portraits  of  the  British 
Poets,'  1824 ;  Reclus's '  Universal  Geography,'  edited 
by  Ravenstein,  complete,  19  vols.  ;  Perrot  and 
Chipiez's  'History  of  Ancient  Art  and  Archaeology,' 
12  vols.,  1883-94;  '  Holbein  and  Vandyck  Pictures 
at  Windsor';  Nisbet's  'System  of  Heraldry,'  2  vols. 
folio,  Edinburgh,  1816 ;  Rossetti's  '  Ballads,'  small 


4to,  vellum,  1893,  57.  5s.;  Keats's  'Lamia,'  the 
rare  first  edition,  12mo,  20  guineas ;  the  Germ, 
January  to  April,  1850,  427. ;  Lamb's  '  Tales  from 
Shakespeare,'  first  edition,  2  vols.  12mo,  in  bright, 
fresh  condition,  407. ;  '  John  Woodvil,'  first  edition  ; 
and  '  Original  Letters  of  Sir  John  Falstaff.'  There 
is  a  considerable  collection  of  folk-lore,  and  works- 
on  art  and  costume ;  also  many  items  of  interest 
under  London,  Kent,  India,  and  Africa. 

Messrs.  William  George's  Sons'  (Bristol)  new  list 
consists  of  old  and  recent  books.  Under  Edward 
Bradley  ("Cuthbert  Bede")  is  'College  Lif«,'  a 
series  of  24  etchings,  Oxford,  1849-50.  The  cata- 
logue states  "  unknown  even  to  the  writer  of  the 
article  on  Bradley  in  'D.N.B.'"  There  is  a  set  of 
the  British  Association,  1831-81.  Various  other 
items  are  the  '  Calves-Head  Club,'  1706 ;  Chaucer,, 
black-letter,  47.  4s.,  Adam  Islip,  1602;  'Figaro  in 
London,'  1832-6  ;  works  on  Folk-lore ;  '  Biographie 
Universelle,'  52  vols.,  Paris,  1811-28,57.  5s. ;  'The 
Historical  Register,'  1716-38,  with  book-plates 
of  Lord  Cam  den;  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  "the 
Sealed  Book,"  the  famous  standard  of  1662  ~ 
the  London  Magazine,  from  its  first  issue,  1732, 
to  1773 ;  William  Morris's  works  in  the  Golden 
Type,  8  vols. ;  first  editions  of  Ruskin,  including 
'  The  Seven  Lamps  of  Architecture,'  47.  4s. ;  Lett- 
som's  '  Tea  Trade,'  1774,  with  Ellis's  '  Historical 
Account  of  Coffee';  and  Walpole's  'Anecdotes  of 
Painting,'  1828. 

Mr.  Charles  Higham,  of  Farringdon  Street,  has, 
as  usual,  a  large  number  of  theological  books,  also 
new  books  at  reduced  prices.  There  is  a  curious 
work,  '  A  New  and  more  Exact  Mappe  or  Descrip- 
tion of  New  Jerusalem's  Glory  when  Jesus  Christ 
and  His  Saints  with  Him  shall  Reign  on  Earth  a 
Thousand  Years,'  by  Mary  Gary,  J651.  'Critici 
Sacri,'  13  vols.  folio,  1698-1732 ;  '  A  Directory  for 
the  Publique  Worship  of  God,'  1645;  and  'Records 
of  the  Reformation,'  arranged  by  Nicholas  Pocock, 
Oxford,  1870,  are  other  items. 

Messrs.  J.  &  J.  Leighton's  catalogue,  Part  VI. 
N — Q,  is  full  of  valuable  books  and  illuminated 
MSS.  The  illustrations  add  much  to  its  interest, 
and  it  contains  a  note  of  the  sales  of  the  following 
libraries,  with  estimates  as  to  probable  cost,  as 
indicating  bookbuying  as  an  investment :  Rox- 
burghe,  cost  4,0007.,  realized  23,3977.;  Beckford,  . 
30,0007.,  73,5517.  ;  Spencer,  100,0007.,  250,0007.  ;  Ash- 
burnham,  60,0007.,  175,0007. ;  Ashburnham  (Barrois 
MSS.),  8,0007.,  33,2177.  Under  Psalms  and  Prayers 
are  many  very  choice  items.  A  finely  written 
manuscript,  '  Psalterium  Grsecum  Davidicum,'  is 
priced  at  907.  ;  another,  in  Latin,  657.  (this  came 
from  Carisbrooke  Castle,  and  is  supposed  to 
have  belonged  to  Charles  I.) ;  '  Heures  de  Rome,' 
illuminated  in  gold  and  colours,  Paris,  1518,  607. ; 
'Horse  Beatse  Marine  Virginis,'  MS.  of  the  fifteenth 
century,  illustrated  with  many  miniatures,  1207. 
There  are  also  choice  editions  of  Ovid,  Plato. 
Plautus,  Plutarch,  Phalaris  ;  a  set  of  the  works  of 
the  Philobiblon  Society,  1854-88,  407.  ;  '  Ptolemseus, 
Geographia,'  fine  clean  copy,  367.,  Rome,  P.  de 
Turre,  1490 ;  another  copy,  1520,  35  guineas ; 
Prynne's  '  Collection  of  Records,'  1665-70,  large- 
paper  copy,  morocco  extra,  377.  (the  Duke  of  Sussex's 
copy  of  this  work  sold  for  1557.) ;  and  under 
Portraits  we  find  Caulfield,  1819-^20;  Meyssens's 
'  Painters,'  1694  ;  Vandyck,  including  twelve  etch- 
ings by  his  own  hand,  Antwerp,  n.d.,  127.  12?. 


300 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io«>  s.  i.  APRIL  9,  wo*. 


Messrs.  Macmillan  &  Bowes,  of  Cambridge,  have 
a  selection  from  the  library  of  the  late  Rev.  Henry 
Russell,  rector  of  Layham.  These  include  Acker- 
mann's  'University  of  Cambridge'  and  'Univer- 
sity of  Oxford,'  21?.  each;  'Oxonia  Illustrata,' 
1675,  211.  ;  Chalmers's  'British  Essayists,'  48  vols., 
green  morocco,  6?.  6s. ;  Chalmers's  '  Poets,'  21  vols. ; 
Scott's  novels,  the  48- vol.  edition,  1830-3;  Strype's 
'Works';  a  fine  copy  of  'Tracts  for  the  Times,' 
Archbishop  Longley  s  copy  with  his  book-plate; 
•Cooper's  'Annals  of  Cambridge';  'Cambridge 
Calendar,'  1796  to  1903,  and  many  other  works 
relating  to  Cambridge;  'Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,'  by 
Leslie  and  Tom  Taylor;  Liddon's  '  Life  of  Pusey'; 
and  the  rare  first  edition  of  Beckford's  '  Vathek.' 
There  are  also  many  scarce  books  from  the  Kelm- 
scott  and  other  presses. 

Messrs.  Maggs's  Catalogue  of  Old-Time  Lite- 
rature, No.  201,  Part  I.,  A  —  M,  gives  us  the 
first  edition  of  '  Paradise  Lost,'  "  Printed  by 
S.  Simmons,  and  are  to  be  sold  by  T.  Helder 
at  the  Angel  in  Little  Britain,"  1660,  251. ;  also 
another  copy,  21?. ;  L.  Maiolus,  '  Epiphyllides 
in  Dialecticis,'  Venet.,  Aldus,  1497,  the  Syston 
Park  copy,  with  ex-libris,  8?.  18s.,  very  rare; 
Augustine,  'Select  Prayers,'  black-letter,  1586, 
•6?.  6s. ;  Bacon's  '  Essays,'  the  extremely  rare  fifth 
edition,  16mo,  bound  by  Riviere.  1612,  26?.  (this  is 
complete,  with  the  rare  blank  leaf  before  title) ; 
another  copy,  the  sixth  edition,  1613,  261. ;  a  Col- 
lection of  Ballads,  published  by  J.  Pitts.  Seven 
Dials,  1790-1840;  also  Payne  Collier's  'Book  of 
Roxburghe  Ballads.'  There  are  a  number  of  rare 
Bibles ;  Bieston's  '  The  Bayte  and  Snare  of  For- 
tune,' 1550,  30?.  ;  a  large  Collection  of  Broadsides, 
some  in  black-letter,  3  vols.  folio,  25?. ;  '  The  Report 
of  John  Stockdale's  Trial,'  Edmund  Burke's  copy, 
with  a  large  number  of  his  MS.  notes;  the  first 
Edinburgh  edition  and  first  issue  of  Burns's 
*  Poems,'  1787, 35?. ;  an  early  specimen  of  Cambridge 
printing,  '  Ecclesiastes,'  1580;  first  edition  of 
Camoens's  poems,  1595;  a  number  of  pamphlets 
relating  to  Charles  I.  ;  the  Kelmscott  Chaucer,  751.  ; 
first  edition  of  William  Collins's  'Odes,'  1747, 
10?.  10s.  (this  is  extremely  rare,  as  the  greater  part 
was  destroyed  by  the  author);  Crabbe,  'The 
Newspaper,  1785,  and  'The  Village,'  1783;  first 
edition  of  'Robinson  Crusoe,'  1719,  14?.  14s;  a 
number  of  valuable  items  under  Early  Printing, 
including  a  specimen  of  Notary's  press,  1506 ;  the 
English  Historical  Society's  Publications,  1838-56 ; 
Fabyan's  'Chronicle,'  1533;  Evelyn's  'Acetaria,' 
1699,  a  presentation  copy ;  Foxe's  '  Book  of  Mar- 
tyrs,' 1570, 251. ;  and  '  Fugitive  Tracts,'  with  notices 
T)y  Hazlitt  and  Huth,  printed  at  the  Chiswick 
Press  for  private  circulation. 

Messrs.  A.  Maurice  &  Co.'s  list  contains  some 
fine  illustrated  books  in  handsome  bindings.  These 
include  Count  Grammont's '  Memoirs,'  1889, 221. 10s. ; 
Gronow's  '  Reminiscences,'  1900,  71.  Is. ;  Foote's 
'  Table  Talk,-'  1882,  91.  9s. ;  an  extra-illustrated  copy 
of  Barras,  1895-6,  251.  ;  Forster's  'Dickens';  Blan- 
chard  Jerrold's  '  Life  of  Cruikshank  ' ;  Talfourd's 
'  Memoirs  of  Lamb' ;  Fraser's  '  Words  on  Welling- 
ton ' ;  Rogers's  '  Table  Talk ' ;  '  Memoir  of  Wai- 
pole  ' ;  and  many  others,  all  with  extra  illustra- 
tions ;  Burton's  '  Arabian  Nights,'  illustrated 
edition  ;  Blake's  '  Book  of  Job ' ;  Balzac's  '  (Euvres 
Completes,'  plates  by  Johannot ;  and  a  number  of 
modern  books  in  general  literature. 

Mr.  Thomas  Thorp,  of  St.  Martin's  Lane,  has  a 
copy  of  Piranesi,  '  Vedute  di  Roma,'  with  brilliant 


early  impressions,  price  34?.  10s.  ;  '  An  Exact  Col- 
lection of  the  Choycest  Poems  of  the  Rump,'  1681 ; 
'  Marguerite  de  Valois,'  Berne,  1780-1,  14?.  10s.  (the 
Hamilton  copy  sold  for  46?.);  Scott's  novels,  25  vols., 
1852-7 ;  Bewick,  a  large  collection  of  chap-books, 
73  vols.,  101.  10s.;  'British  Gallery  of  Portraits,' 
Cadell,  1822;  a  number  of  first  editions  of  R.  L. 
Stevenson  ;  Paynell's  '  Regimen  Sanitatis  Salerin,' 
1597  ("  after  we  have  dyned  or  taken  our  repast  we 
must  for  awhile  stand  upright,  that  so  the  meale  may 
descend  downe  to  the  bottome  of  the  stomacke  ") ; 
Mason's  '  Christian  Humiliation,'  a  treatise  on 
fasting,  1624,  bound  in  vellum  with  arms  of  James  I. ; 
and  Lysons's  '  London  and  Middlesex,'  1792.  There 
are  a  number  of  engravings  and  book-plates,  carica- 
tures, &c. 

Mr.  James  Wilson,  of  Birmingham,  sends  us  two 
catalogues  for  March  —  the  first  one  theological, 
three  pages  being  Roman  Catholic.  There  is  a  copy 
of  Julia  Cartwright's  (Mrs.  Ady)  '  Christ  and  His 
Mother  in  Italian  Art,'  price  21.  Is.  6d.  Of  this 
only  256  copies  were  printed  at  8?.  8s.  net.  The 
general  list  includes  Dugdale's  '  Monasticon  Angli- 
canum,'  14?.  14s.,  cost  100?.  Dibdin  describes  it  as 
"a  magnificent  national  work."  Viollet-le-Duc's 
' Dictionnaire  RaisonneY  10  vols.,  is  priced  at 
111.  15s.,  and  Gotch's  'Architecture  of  the  Renais- 
sance '  at  11.  18s.  A  set  of  the  '  National  Encyclo- 
paedia' is  to  be  had  for  21.  2s  ,  a  set  of  Punch  to  the 
end  of  June,  1891,  half-bound  in  red  morocco,  for 
121.  18s.  (a  note  is  made,  "  Times  price  25?.") ;  Maril- 
lier's  'Rossetti,'  best  edition,  2?.  10s.  ;  'Celebrated 
Crimes,'  by  Dumas,  8  vols.  ;  Lardner's  '  Cyclo- 
paedia'; Creeny's  'Incised  Slabs';  'Desiderata 
Curiosa,'  by  Francis  Peck,  1732-5  ;  a  scarce  lot  of 
portraits  illustrating  Alison's  '  Europe ' ;  first  edi- 
tions of  Rogers's  '  Italy '  and  '  Poems,'  1830-4 
(Ruskin  said  "  this  beautiful  edition  of  Samuel 
Rogers's  '  Poetical  Works '  was  the  book  which 
first  determined  his  devotion  to  the  study  of  art") ; 
Walker's  'Costume  of  Yorkshire  in  1814';  and 
Todd's  '  History  of  the  College  of  Bonhommes  at 
Ashridge,  Buckingham.'  Under  Natural  History  we 
find  Yarrell's  '  Birds  and  Fishes.' 


We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
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ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
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H.  J.  F.  A. — John  Christopher  Smith  was  a  friend 
of  Garrick  and  a  pupil  of  Handel.  He  is  included 
in  the  '  Diet.  Nat.  Biog.' 

Lucis  ("Sow  an  act,  and  you  reap  a  habit").— 
Charles  Reade.  See  9th  S.  xii.  377. 

NOTICE. 

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10*  s.  i.  APRIL  9, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

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NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io»s.i.  APRILS, 


MR.     MURRAY'S    NEW    BOOKS. 


Completion  of  the  Definitive  Edition  of  the 

THE    WORKS    OF    LORD    BYRON. 

A  New  Text,  collated  with  the  Original  MSS.  and  Revised  Proofs,  which  are  still  in  existence,  with 
many  hitherto  Unpublished  Additions.  Edited  by  ERNEST  H.  COLERIDGE  and  ROWLAND  E. 
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Crown  8vo,  6s.  each. 

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prose  writings  which  adds  enormously  to  our  intimate  knowledge  of  one  of  the  most  remarkable  figures  in  the  literature 
of  the  past  century,  and  that  the  editor's  work  has  been  performed  with  skill  and  judgment." — Athenaeum. 

"  Editor  and  publisher  alike  may  be  proud  of  the  edition,  which  is  now  complete.  Jaded  reviewers  have  welcomed 

each  successive  volume The  more  we  see  of  Byron's  letters  the  greater  is  our  astonishment,  not  only  at  his  originality, 

but  at  the  breadth  of  his  literary  knowledge Their  brilliancy  is  conspicuous,  and  they  range  over  a  very  wide  field  of 

human  emotion." — Morning  Pott.  

ELEANOR  ANNE  ORMEROD,  LL.D,, 


FIRST  EDITION  ALREADY  EXHAUSTED. 
SECOND  EDITION  IN  THE  PRESS. 

THE  GERMAN  OFFICIAL  ACCOUNT 
OF  THE  WAR  IN  SOUTH  AFRICA. 

J'rom  its  Commencement  in  1899  to  the  Capture  of  General 
Cronje's  Force  at  Paardeberg.  Prepared  in  the  Historical 
Section  of  the  Great  General  Staff,  Berlin.  Translated  by 
Col.  W.  H.  H.  WATERS,  R.A.  C.V.O.,  late  Military  Attache 
H.B.M.  Embassy,  Berlin.  With  Maps  and  Plans.  Demy 
8vo,  15s.  net. 

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war  has  been  discussed.  It  stands  alone  because  it  is  the 
only  work  in  which  the  war  has  been  surveyed  by  trained 
and  competent  students  of  war,  the  only  one  of  which  the 
judgments  are  based  on  a  familiarity  with  the  modern 

theory  of  war The  best  work  that  has  appeared  on  the 

South  African  War."— Morning  Post. 

"Col.  Waters  has  set  the  work  out  into  lucid  and  vivid 
English,  and  the  maps,  illustrations,  and  general  equipment 

of  the  work  are  masterly A  most  valuable  book." 

Pall  Mall  Gazette. 

RUSSIAN  AFFAIRS. 

By  GEOFFREY  DRAGS,  Author  of  '  The  Labour  Problem,' 
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A  NEW  EDITION. 

JOURNEY    TO    LHASA    AND 
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By  SARAT  CHANDRA  DAS,  C.I.E.,  of  the  Bengal  Educa- 
tional Service,  Member  of  the  Asiatic  Society,  Bengal,  &c. 
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"  A  thoroughly  admirable  piece  of  work,  indispensable  to 
all  students  of  the  history  and  social  polity  of  Tibet." 

Guardian. 

LORD  CARDWELL  AT  THE  WAR 
OFFICE. 

Being  a  History  of  his  Administration,  1863-1874.  By 
General  Sir  ROBERT  BIDDULPH,  G.C.B.  G.C.M.G. 

With  Portrait.    Demy  8vo,  9s.  net. 

LUCRETIA  BORGIA. 

According  to  Original  Documents  and  Correspondence  of 
her  Day.  By  FERDINAND  GREGOROVIUS.  Translated 
by  JOHN  LESLIE  GARNER.  With  Illustrations.  Large 
crown  8vo,  10s.  6rf.  net. 


Economic  Entomologist :  Autobiography  and  Corre- 
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burgh. With  Portrait  and  numerous  Illustrations.  Demy 
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MODERN  POETS  OF  FAITH,  DOUBT, 
AND  PAGANISM, 

and  other  Essays.  By  the  Hon.  ARTHUR  TEMPLE 
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which  inspired  them In  tone,  in   expression,  and   in 

insight  its  qualities  are  unimpeachable." — Daily  Chronicle. 


ADRIA :  a  Tale  of  Venice. 

By    the    Hon.    ALEXANDER   NELSON   HOOD. 
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With 


FOUNTAINS  ABBEY. 

The  Story  of  a  Mediseval  Monastery.  By  the  Very  Rev. 
DEAN  HODGES,  Principal  of  the  Episcopal  Theological 
School,  Cambridge,  Massachusetts.  With  Illustrations  and 
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"  Charmingly  written Amodel  of  what  a  brief  monastic 

history  should  be." — Scotsman. 


THE  PATHWAY  TO  REALITY. 

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Andrews,  in  the  Se»sion  1903-1904.  Second  Series.  By  the- 
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NOTES    AND    QUERIES: 


UleMmn  of 


FOR 


LITERARY    MEN,    GENERAL    READERS,    ETC. 

"When  found,  make  a  note  of." — CAPTAIN  CUTTLE. 


i  fi 

ID. 


SATURDAY,  APRIL  16,  1904. 


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March  22, 1904. 

OWNERS  of  GENUINE   SPECIMENS  of   OLD 
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A  THENJ5UM      PRESS.—  JOHN     EDWARD 


Lane.  B.C. 


FRANCIS.  Printer  of  the  Athmaum.  .Vo«»  and  Qutriti,  <kc.,  is 

of   BOOK,  NEWS, 
uildings,   Chancery 


-.  .  .  .  . 

prepared  to  SUBMIT  ESTIMATES    for  all  kinds  of   BOOK,  NEWS, 
and    PERIODICAL    PRINTING.—  13,   Bream's    B 


T^  UN  BRIDGE    WELLS.—  Comfortably    FUR- 
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Quiet,  pleasant,  and  central.    Three  minutes'  walk  from  8.B.R.  *  C. 
Station.    No  others  taken.—  R.  H.,  66,  Grove  Hill  Road,  Tnnbridge 
Wells. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  APRIL  16, 


IN  THE  PRESS.    READY  SHORTLY. 

AN  ENTIRELY  REWRITTEN  AND  COMPLETELY  UP-TO-DATE  EDITION  OF 

KING'S 

CLASSICAL    AND    FOREIGN 

QUOTATIONS. 

By    WILLIAM    FRANCIS    HENRY    KING,    M.A., 

Christ  Church,  Oxford. 

Proverbs,  Maxims,  Mottoes,  Phrases  and  Expressions  in  French, 
German,  Latin,  Greek,  Italian,  Spanish,  and  Portuguese. 

IN  ONE  HANDY  VOLUME. 

OS.     H6b.  Crown    8vo,   neat   cloth    binding,   top    edge          OS.     116  1. 

gilt, 

*#*  The  Author's  aim  has  been  to  produce  a  reliable  work  of 
reference  as  well  as  a  chatty  book.  Not  only  are  the  citations  given  and 
their  sources  traced,  but  their  story,  with  its  ana  and  anecdote,  is  told  in 
every  case  that  occasion  offers,  thus  forming  a  complete  Musee  de  la 
Conversation.  The  value  of  the  work  is  also  greatly  enhanced  by  the 
addition  of  several  Comprehensive  Indexes,  making  it  possible  for  any 
quotation  to  be  immediately  found. 

The  originality,  the  breadth  of  scope,  and  the  utility  of  this 
DICTIONARY  OF  QUOTATIONS  from  all  languages  and  all  ages, 
will  be  immediately  patent  to  all  who  look  into  it. 

The  revision  has  been  so  stringent  that  the  present  Edition  is 
practically 

AN    ENTIRELY    NEW    BOOK. 


London:  J.  WHITAKER  &  SONS,  LIMITED,  12,  Warwick  Lane,  E.G. 


10*8.  i.  APRIL  16, 1904.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


301 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  APEIL  16,  190k. 


CONTENTS.-No.  16. 

NOTES  :— Joanna  Soutbcott,  301— Westminster  Changes  in 
1903,  302  —  Bibliography  of  Publishing,  304  —  '  Derby's 
Ram '— •  Herring  Song/  306— The  Cedilla—"  Foulard  "— 
Lynold  Family  —  John  Gauden  :  Edward  Lewknor  — 
"  Wentworth  "  :  its  Local  Pronunciation,  307. 

QUERIES  :— "  Part  and  parcel"  —  Passim  —  Passing-bell— 
Francois  Vivares— Nelson  and  Wolseyr-Bass  Rock  Music, 
308— Engravings  — Admiral  Donald  Campbell  —  Arms  of 
Pope  Pius  X.— Wyburne  Family—"  Stat  crux  dum  vol- 
vitur  orbis"— Oxfor.1  Men  sent  to  the  Tower— "Foleif," 
309— Ralegh  Portrait- Jessamy  Bride— James  Brindley— 
Mitchel  &  Finlay,  Bankers— Good  Friday  and  Low  Tides— 
Early  MS.  Mention  of  Shakespeare— H.  Lawrance,  Fan- 
maker— White  Turbary,  310. 

REPLIES :—"  Our  Lady  of  the  Snows,"  311— American 
Loyalists—'  Examination  of  an  Old  Manuscript'— Oprower 
— '"'Scole  Inn,"  Norfolk,  313— "Kick  the  bucket"— Cam- 
den  on  Surnames  :  Musselwhite— Latin  Lines— Tass_o  and 
Milton,  314 — German  Reprint  of  Leicarraga — Miniature 
of  Newton— William  Willie-Sleep  and  Death,  315— "I 
expect  to  pass  through  " — "  Disce  pati  "—William  Hartley 
— "Drug  in  the  market" — "Old  England" — Tideswell 
and  Tideslow,  316-  Cobweb  Pills,  317— Wilton  Nunnery, 
318. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :  — Earle's  '  Microcosmographie '  — 
'  Great  Masters  '  —  Crof  ton's  '  Old  Moss  Side '— DobeH's 
'Rosemary  and  Pansies '—' Jesus  Christ  Gure  launaren 
Testamentu  Berria' — Magazines  and  Reviews. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


JOANNA    SOUTHCOTT. 

JOANNA  SOUTHCOTT'S  seals  are  referred  to, 
ante,  p.  280,  as  being  great  rarities.  That  is 
perfectly  true  ;  but  to  add  that  most  of  the 
thousands  distributed  were  sold  at  a  guinea 
each  is  absolutely  incorrect  and  misleading. 
Joanna  gave  strict  injunctions  that  they 
should  not  be  sold,  she  having  heard  that  in 
a  few  instances  small  sums  of  money  had 
been  received  for  them  on  wrong  pretences. 
I  am  the  fortunate  possessor  of  two  of  these 
certificates  of  future  millennial  joys,  and 
of  one  of  these  the  seal  is  still  unbroken, 
and  therefore  possibly  unique.  Another 
misleading  statement  is  that  Joanna  "  was 
•undoubtedly  mad."  She  was  perfectly  sane, 
and  above  the  average  for  shrewdness.  She 
had  a  genuine  religious  mind,  and  consider- 
able textual  knowledge  of  the  Bible ;  but 
she  belonged  to  that  comparatively  small 
section  of  humanity  in  which  the  subliminal 
consciousness  is  in  the  habit  of  rising  up 
over  the  threshold  and  quite  flooding  the 
house  of  reasoned  judgment  and  every-day 
experience.  One  of  the  effects  is  automatic 
writing,  and  Joanna  began  somewhat  in  this 
way,  and  would  have  so  continued,  but  no  one 
could  read  the  doggerel  writings  that  issued 
from  her  unpractised  pen  :  consequently  an 


amanuensis  was  required,  and  then  the  sub- 
liminal consciousness  had  to  speak  and  no 
longer  write. 

The  history  of  her  blameless  life,  her  en- 
thusiastic followers,  of  the  various  curious 
schisms  which  came  into  existence  at  Ashton 
and  elsewhere  later  on,  and  of  the  faithful 
few  who  even  now  in  England  and  America 
look  up  to  her  as  their  spiritual  mother — 
all  this  history  is  far  more  interesting  than 
votaries  of  Marie  Corelli  and  Rudyard  Kipling 
conceive,  and  is  adequately  known  to  very 
few  indeed.  NE  QUID  NIMIS. 

The  interesting  note  on  Mr.  F.  B.  Dickin- 
son's article  in  Devon  Notes  and  Queries  in- 
duced me  to  renew  my  acquaintance  with  the 
grave  of  Joanna  Southcott  in  the  burial- 
ground  attached  to  St.  John's  Chapel,  St. 
John's  Wood.  There  are  two  stones.  The  actual 
tombstone  lies  flat  on  the  ground,  and  is 
surrounded  by  a  low  iron  railing.  Near  the 
wall  of  the  burial-ground  is  another  stone, 
standing  erect,  and  bearing  an  inscription 
directing  the  visitor  to  the  grave  ;  this  stone, 
the  inscription  declares,  was  erected  in  1828. 
Both  stones  are  in  an  excellent  state  of  pre- 
servation, the  inscriptions  being  perfectly 
legible,  while  stones  lying  close  at  hand  be- 
longing to  graves  of  about  the  same  date  can 
only  be  read  with  great  difficulty.  It  is, 
therefore,  certain  that  the  stones  have  been 
cleaned  from  time  to  time,  if  not  recut ;  and 
their  smooth  surface  suggests  that  they  have 
been  actually  renewed  ;  in  the  latter  case, 
however,  the  restorer  failed  to  record  the 
fact.  It  may  also  be  mentioned  that  the 
attention  of  a  loving  hand  is  further  indicated 
by  a  wreath  with  card  attached,  bearing  the 
words  "In  Memory,"  which,  enclosed  in  a 
glass  case,  reposes  on  the  tomb. 

It  is  clear,  therefore,  that,  if  the  tomb- 
stone was  shattered  by  the  explosion  in  1874, 
a  new  one  was  provided  and  has  been  well 
looked  after  since.  All  the  same,  one  would 
like  to  know  the  original  authority  for  a 
statement  which,  to  me  at  least,  appears 
improbable.  After  examining  the  grave  I 
spoke  to  an  attendant,  who  told  me  that  he 
well  remembered  seeing  the  broken  windows 
in  the  houses  in  the  High  Street  overlooking 
the  burial-ground  ;  but  he  had  never  heard 
of  any  gravestones  being  injured  by  the 
explosion,  nor  could  he  remember  that  the 
stone  over  Joanna  Southcott's  grave  had  at 
any  time  been  renewed.  It  ought,  however, 
to  be  stated  that,  though  resident  in  the 
neighbourhood  in  1874,  it  was  not  till  many 
years  afterwards  that  he  was  employed  in 
the  burial-ground. 

I  also  learnt  from  the  same  attendant  that 


302 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  i.  APRIL  IB,  190*. 


the  periodical  cleaning  of  the  two  stones  is 
paid  for  by  a  gentleman  who  visits  the  grave 
two  or  three  times  a  year,  and  who  placed  on 
it  the  wreath  above  referred  to.  So  that  in 
1904,  no  less  than  in  1874,  Joanna  Southcott 
has  a  follower  who,  if  he  does  not  "  look 
forward  to  her  return  to  life,"  at  least  wishes 
to  do  something  towards  keeping  her  memory 
green.  F.  W.  BEAD. 

On  27  August,  1887,  I  visited  the  burial- 
ground  attached  to  St.  John's  Wood  Chapel 
for  the  purpose  of  trying  to  find  the  grave  of 
Joanna  Southcott.  I  searched  the  place 
pretty  thoroughly  several  times,  but  could 
find  no  memorial  of  any  kind  relating  to 
Joanna.  I  think,  therefore,  the  tombstone 
which  marked  her  grave  cannot  have  been 
replaced  after  being  shattered  by  theexplosion 
in  1874. 

In  '  Old  and  New  London,"  v.  253,  Mr. 
Walford  says  : — 

"  Her  remains  were  first  moved  to  an  undertaker's 
in  Oxford  Street,  whence  they  were  taken  secretly 
for  interment  in  this  cemetery.  A  tablet  to  her 
memory  contains  these  lines  : — 

While  through  all  thy  wondrous  days, 
Heaven  and  earth  enraptured  gaze  ; 
While  vain  sages  think  they  know 
Secrets  thou  alone  canst  show  ; 
Time  alone  will  tell  what  hour 
Thou  'It  appear  to  greater  power. 

Sabineus." 

I  have  seen  it  stated  that  Joanna  Southcott 
was  buried  under  a  fictitious  name.  Is  this 
true?  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 


WESTMINSTER    CHANGES    IN    1903. 
(See  ante,  p.  263.) 

I  STATED  at  9th  S.  x.  263  that  the  ground 
bounded  by  "  Millbank  Street,  Great  College 
Street,  Little  College  Street,  and  Wood  Street 
is  already  scheduled,"  and  at  the  reference 
previously  given  in  this  note  that  the 
"  houses  are  all  down  and  the  ground  nearly 
cleared,"  with  the  exception  of  the  houses 
Nos.  2  and  4,  Millbank  Street.  I  can  now 
add  that  that  stage  has  been  passed,  for 
those  two  houses  were  pulled  down  some 
months  ago,  and  the  foundations  are  now 
being  got  in  for  a  building  destined  to  be 
the  palatial  home  of  the  Ecclesiastical  Com- 
missioners, and  most  probably  of  other 
societies  as  well.  It  is  designed  by,  I  believe, 
Mr.  W.  D.  Caroe,  the  contractors  being 
Messrs.  J.  E.  Johnson  &  Son,  of  Leicester 
and  11,  Little  College  Street.  This  building 
will  be  a  great  ornament  to  the  neighbour- 
hood, and  will  be  well  seen  from  the  new 


ornamental  gardens  opposite,  and  from  the 
river,  which  it  will  front. 

At  the  corner  of  Little  College  Street,  and 
standing  upon  the  site  of  Nos.  10,  11  and 
12,  Great  College  Street,  lately  removed,  has 
been  erected  a  somewhat  peculiar  building 
for  the  offices  of  the  Lancashire  and  York- 
shire Eailway  Company,  which  had  been 
previously  housed  at  No.  1,  Great  College- 
Street.  At  the  other  end  of  the  latter  street 
a  notable  clearance  has  been  made  for  the- 
purpose  of  erecting  buildings  to  afford  extra 
accommodation  for  Westminster  School,  the- 
ground  being  cleared  from  No.  15,  Barton 
Street  round  to  the  Drill  Hall  of  the- 
Volunteer  Battalion  of  the  Royal  Fusiliers  in 
Tufton  Street,  a  building  itself  only  a  few- 
years  old. 

At  the  corner  of  Great  College  Street, 
opposite  the  entrance  to  Dean's  Yard,  was- 
"  Sutcliffe's,  the  immortal  "  tuck  shop "  of 
many  generations  of  Westminster  scholars, 
concerning  which  there  are  many  good  andf 
quaint  stories  on  record,  as  the  old  scholars 
delight  to  tell  them  at  every  opportunity. 
There  were  also  two  other  notable  shops  ir> 
this  street,  at  either  corner  of  Black  Dog 
Alley,  now  done  away  with,  one  being. 
Martin's,  from  which  boots  and  shoes, 
rackets,  balls,  and  such-like  goods  were 
supplied  to  the  scholars  for  many  years,  and 
the  other  Ginger's,  which  supplied  school- 
books  and  stationery  for  a  long  series  of 
years.  The  proprietor  was  somewhat  of  a 
droll,  and  full  of  eccentricities,,  and  was  well 
known  to  my  own  family  a  couple  of  gene- 
rations back.  This  house  was  burnt  down 
some  years  ago,  and  rebuilt,  but  has  now 
gone  for  good. 

The  house  built  at  No.  11,  Tufton  Street, 
for  the  Westminster  Female  Refuge,  has  been 
opened,  but  the  other  land  cleared  at  this- 
spot  is  still  unutilized. 

In  Great  Smith  Street  Nos.  22  to  14  are- 
empty,  and  likely  to  be  cleared  away  at 
an  early  date.  No.  12  has  been  used  as  the- 
entrance  to  the  stables  of  the  Duke  of 
Buccleuch,  who  has  had  to  make  several 
moves  on  account  of  the  various  changes  in 
the  neighbourhood  ;  and  Nos.  10  and  8,  lately 
rebuilt,  are  now  a  meter-testing  depot  of  the- 
L.C.C.,  and  extend  back  to  St.  Anne's  Street 
(formerly  Lane),  where  there  is  an  outlet. 
In  the  latter-named  thoroughfare  a  building 
numbered  15,  16,  and  17  has  been  erected  by 
Messrs.  Harborow,  the  shirt-makers  of  New 
Bond  Street,  and  is  devoted  to  workshops, 
which  were  occupied  early  last  year. 

In  Rochester  Row  Nos.  11,  13,  and  15i. 
occupied  by  Mr.  A.  Smellie,  wholesale  and 


ivs.  i.  APBIL  Kuan.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


303 


retail  ironmonger,  are  being  rebuilt,  and  not 
a  day  too  soon,  for  it  has  been  a  wonder  that 
they  stood  so  long.  I  cannot  find  out  the 
age  of  these  shops  ;  but  every  one  agrees 
that  they  were  very  old,  and  it  is  certain 
that  the  work  of  pulling  down  was  not  a  work 
of  much  labour.  The  new  Police  Court  has 
been  completed,  and  is  now  in  use.  It  is  a 
substantial  building ;  the  approaches  and 
waiting-rooms  are  spacious  and  handsome, 
all  the  former  objectionable  surroundings 
having  been  done  away  with,  but  the  court 
itself  is  the  same  building  which  has  been 
in  use  for  many  years.  It  has,  however,  been 
redecorated  and  refitted,  and  the  oak  benches 
and  desks  for  the  solicitors  and  the  various 
officials  give  the  place  a  decidedly  neat  and 
businesslike  appearance.  I  am  pleased  to  be 
able  to  state  that  the  old-fashioned  dock 
with  its  heavy  lead  flooring  has  been 
removed,  and  in  its  place  there  is  a  more 
modern-looking  structure,  answering  to  the 
true  court  of  justice  type.  It  is  upon  record 
that  the  old  one  was  so  strong  that  once, 
some  years  ago,  it  resisted  "  the  outward 
pressure  of  the  muscular  arms  of  Samson, 
of  Royal  Aquarium  fame."  The  old  coat  of 
arms,  which  adorned  the  bookcase  standing 
behind  the  magistrate's  chair,  is  still  there, 
and,  having  been  beautified,  carries  its  age — 
over  a  hundred  years — exceedingly  well.  The 
change  here  was  thoroughly  needed. 

In  Vauxhall  Bridge  Road  Nos.  82  to  94 
(even  numbers)  are  empty,  and  are  about  to 
be  rebuilt ;  while  in  Edward  Street,  adjoining, 
Nos.  2  to  10  (even  numbers)  are  all  empty, 
and  seem  to  be  included  in  the  same  scheme. 
No.  10,  at  the  corner  of  Douglas  Street,  has 
a  very  frail,  old-fashioned,  semicircular  iron 
balcony  to  the  window  in  the  angle  on  the 
first  floor.  No.  90,  Vauxhall  Bridge  Road  is 
also  empty,  with  a  view  to  rebuilding. 

Wheeler  Street,  a  short  street  in  the  same 
road,  has  been  widened  and  levelled,  an 
improvement  of  considerable  use  ;  and  at 
Strutton  Ground,  Pear  Street  has  been  made 
into  a  thoroughfare  for  carriage  traffic,  a 
house  having  been  pulled  down  and  some 
posts  removed  to  effect  this  ;  but  the  useful- 
ness of  the  change  is  not  very  clear,  as  the 
street  leads  nowhere  of  any  consequence. 

In  Elverton  Street — the  origin  of  the  name 
of  which  still  remains  in  obscurity — Brin': 
Oxygen  Company  have  put  up  a  building  for 
offices,  &c.,  which  gives  an  entrance  to  their 
works.  It  is  in  no  way  ornamental. 

In  Rochester  Street  and  Grey  Coat  Stree 
all  the  small  houses  (some  of  which  were  o 
considerable  age)  have  been  done  away  with 
and  the  same  thing  has  happened  in  Bel 


Street.  At  Millbank  (or,  as  it  is  now  called, 
jrpsvenor  Road)  the  Military  Hospital 
Buildings  are  being  rapidly  pushed  forward, 
and  the  public  garden  at  the  rear  of  the  Tate- 
allery  is  railed  in,  and  during  the  coming 
summer  will  be  found  a  great  boon  by  the 
residents  at  the  new  Millbank  dwellings, 
owned  by  the  London  County  Council. 

My  perambulation  of  St.  John's  parish  is- 
now  at  an  end.  In  St.  Margaret's  the 
changes  during  the  past  year  have  not  been 
so  numerous  ;  still  those  that  have  occurred 
are  of  some  interest,  and  particulars  of  them 
are  likely  to  be  inquired  for  in  the  future.  In> 
the  church  itself  some  changes  have  been 
made.  The  electric  lighting  has  been  re- 
arranged, not  altogether,  as  I  think,  to 
advantage  ;  and  the  font  set  up  by  public 
ubscription  in  Dr.  Farrar's  time,  at  a  cost  of 
50£.,  has  been  removed  from  the  west  end,, 
dismantled,  and  stowed  away,  and  a  much- 
smaller  one,  which  had  not  been  used  for 
many  years,  has  been  placed  in  the  south- 
west corner  of  the  church  in  its  stead,  and 
this  arrangement  must  be  deemed  an  im- 
provement. 

The  aspect  of  Victoria  Street  has  been 
much  altered  within  the  last  two  years,  and 
changes  are  still  taking  place,  most  of  them 
having  been  effected  during  the  last  twelve 
months.  A  great  number  of  the  ground-floor 
flats  have  been  converted  into  shops;  the 
exclusively  residential  character  of  the  street 
having  gone,  trade  has  come  in  the  wake  of : 
the  Army  and  Navy  Co-operative  Society, 
which  has  been  established  here  for  some- 
thing over  thirty-two  years.  This  spot  has- 
now  quite  a  businesslike  appearance,  and' 
certainly  the  most  artistic-looking  shop-front 
is  that  of  the  premises  occupied  by  Messrs. 
Berkeley,  the  outfitters,  which  has  been 
greatly  admired.  There  is  nothing  finer  any- 
where in  London  trading  quarters,  even  the 
noted  front  at  Swan  &  Edgar's  no  longer 
retaining  its  pre-eminence.  All  the  altera- 
tions are  in  good  taste,  and  have  done  much 
to  remove  the  dulness  of  the  street,  so  long 
complained  about,  not  without  cause. 

In  the  Sanctuary,  close  under  the  shadow 
of  the  Abbey  towers,  extensive  alterations 
are  in  progress  at  Nos.  1,  2,  and  3,  which  are 
the  offices  of  the  Clergy  Mutual  Assurance 
Society,  in  order  to  adapt  what  have  always 
been  looked  upon  as  excellent  specimens  of 
Gothic  dwelling- houses  (designed  many  years 
ago  by  the  late  Sir  G.  Gilbert  Scott,  R.A.)  to 
the  increased  requirements  of  their  business. 
A  frontage  is  being  added  in  Dean's  Yard, 
which  the  Precentor  of  Westminster  Abbey, 
the  Rev.  H.  G.  Daniell-Bainbridge,  says,  and . 


304 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  i.  APRIL  ie,  UM. 


not  unjustly,  is  like  nothing  so  much  as 
mortuary  chapel,  but  it  will  not  be  complete 
for  many  months.  The  Royal  Aquarium  ha 
entirely  disappeared,  the  last  portion  having 
been  demolished  just  before  Christmas,  anc 
with  it  have  gone  several  houses  in  Prince 
Street,  two  of  which  had  some  interest  fo 
me,  as  they  had  been  the  property  of  m\ 
grandfather  many  years  ago. 

A  portion  of  the  larger  pile  of  building; 
having  frontages  in  Tothill  Street,  New 
Tothill  Street,  and  Great  Chapel  Street  is 
nearing  completion.  The  building,  which  is 
to  be  known  as  Queen  Anne's  Chambers 
does  not  appear  (to  the  casual  observer,  at 
least)  to  be  entirely  satisfactory.  The 
stone  formerly  on  No.  4,  Tothill  Street 
between  the  two  centre  windows  on  the 
second  floor,  upon  which  the  date  1761  was 
cut,  and  which  I,  at  9th  S.  x.  _  223,  dared 
hope  would  be  inserted  as  near  its  old  posi 
tion  as  possible,  has  not  been  reinstated,  a 
matter  of  much  regret  to  Westminster  folk 
Our  landmarks  are  gradually  dwindling,  so 
that  efforts  ought  to  be  made  that  they 
should  not  be  entirely  lost  in  the  rebuilding 
going  on  around  us.  The  portion  of  this 
large  building  facing  Great  Chapel  Street  is 
not  likely  to  be  completed  for  some  time,  and 
it  is  to  be  feared  that  the  inner  portion  will 
suffer  sadly  from  insufficient  daylight.  Close 
at  hand  is  situated  Christ  Church,  the 
successor  of  the  old  "  New  "  Chapel.  It  was 
dedicated  on  14  December,  1843,  the  architect 
being  Mr.  A.  Poynter,  of  Park  Street  (now 
Queen  Anne's  Gate),  the  father  of  the  present 
President  of  the  Royal  Academy.  It  was  to 
have  had  a  spire  200  ft.  high,  but  this  part 
of  the  design  was  not  carried  out.  A  tower 
is  now  in  course  of  erection,  but  not  according 
to  the  original  drawing.  It  will,  however,  be 
a  great  gain  in  dignity  to  the  church  as  seen 
from  Victoria  Street. 

At  the  rear  of  Victoria  Street,  surrounding 
the  new  Roman  Catholic  Cathedral,  the 
locality  known  as  Ashley  Gardens  was  com- 
pleted last  year,  and  the  flats,  which  number 
227,  are  mostly  occupied.  The  Cathedral,  too, 
is  open  for  service,  the  first  function  having 
been  the  lying  in  state  of  Cardinal  Vaughan, 
and  lately  (although  this  properly  belongs  to 
1904)  another  imposing  ceremony  took  place 
when  Archbishop  Bourne  was  enthroned.  Of 
course  the  Cathedral  is  a  very  long  way 
from  complete  ;  but,  even  as  it  is,  it  is  an 
exceedingly  fine  building,  of  rare  artistic 
excellence  and  much  beauty. 

The  Government  offices  at  Parliament 
Street  are  progressing,  it  maybe  supposed, 
•satisfactorily,  after  some  delays,  and  before 


long  it  seems  likely  that  the  whole  of  Delahay 
Street  and  much  of  Great  George  Street  will 
be  required  ;  but  there  are  at  present  only 
rumours  of  what  is  intended  to  be  done,  ana 
speculations  as  to  when  it  will  be  done. 

This  will,  I  hope,  be  found  a  fair  and  ac- 
curate record  of  the  changes  of  the  locality 
during  the  past  year.  Truly  the  "  old  order 
changeth,"  and  most  especially  in  West- 
minster. I  would  that  time  served  for  me 
to  go  further  afield  in  the  old  city,  for  pulling 
down  and  rebuilding  are  going  on  all  around, 
and  we  may  but  hope  that  the  changes  will 
tend  to  the  promotion  of  health  and 
prosperity  within  our  borders. 

W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 
C2,  The  Almshouses,  Rochester  Row,  S.W. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  OF  PUBLISHING  AND 

BOOKSELLING. 
(See  ante,  pp.  81, 142, 184,  242. ) 

Page,  W.  G.  B.  (of  Hull).— The  Booksellers'  Signs 
of  London,  from  the  Earliest  Times.   2  vols.  8vo. 
This  was  announced  in  Book-Lore,  May,  1S86,  p.  183,  but 
has  not  yet  been  issued. 

Parker,  J.  W.,  1792-1870.— The  Opinions  of  certain 
Authors  on  the  Bookselling  Question  (i.e., 
Underselling).  8vo,  London,  1852. 

This  is  the  circular  letter  (dated  May  4,  1852)  announcing 
Mr.  Parker's  retirement  from  the  Booksellers'  Association, 
and  asking  for  an  expression  of  opinion  from  authors  as  to 
the  action  of  the  Association  in  refusing  to  supply  books  to 
undersellers. 

Copies  of  this  circular  letter,  together  with  many  original 
replies  from  authors,  among  whom  were  Carlyle,  Dickens, 
Leigh  Hunt,  J.  S.  Mill,  and  Herbert  Spencer,  are  now  in 
the  possession  of  the  Publishers'  Association. 

Carlyle  wrote  : — "  I  can  see  no  issue  of  any  permanency 
»o  the  controversy  that  has  now  arisen  but  absolute  '  Free- 
Trade'  in  all  branches  of  bookselling  and  book  publishing." 

Paul,  C.  Kegan,  1828-1902.— Biographical  Sketches 
(including  George  Eliot  and  John  Chapman). 
Crown  8vo,  1883. 

Faith  and  Unfaith,  and  other  Essays.    (Con- 
taining an  article  on  the  Production  and  the 
Life  of  Books.)    Crown  8vo,  London.  1891. 
Memories.    Crown  8vo,  London,  1899. 
Publishers'  Circular,  26  July,  1902,  Obituary 
Notice,  with  portrait. 
Perils  of  Authorship containing  copious  instruc- 
tion for  publishing  books  at  the  slightest  pos- 
sible risk.    By  an  Old  and  Popular  Author. 
18mo,  London,  n.d.  (?  1835). 

The  Author's  Advocate  and  Young  Pub- 
lisher's Friend  :  a  Sequel  to  '  The  Perils  of 
Authorship.'  By  an  Old  and  Popular  Author. 
London,  n.d. 

eriodical  Literature. — Report  issued  by  the  South 

Kensington  Museum   on  the  specimens  of  the 

Periodical  and  Ephemeral  Literature  published 

in  the  United  Kingdom  during  the  year  1866. 

These  specimens  were  exhibited  at  the  French  Exhibition 

f  1867,  and  formed  the   first  attempt  to  represent  litera- 

ure  at   International   Exhibitions.     On  8  November,  18(55, 

ie  French  Minister  of  Public  Instruction  addressed  a  report 

o  the  Emperor  in  which  he  urged  strongly  that  some  effort 

lould  be  made  to  have  literature  represented.  Acting  upon 

ie  suggestion,  the  Committee  of  Council  on  Education 


i.  APRIL  16,  low.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


305 


decided  that  "  on  the  occasion  of  this  great  Exhibition  at 
Paris  an  attempt  should  be  made  to  show  practically  and 
by  that  strongest  of  all  appeals,  an  appeal  to  the  senses, 
what  literature  has  done,  and  is  doing,  towards  advancing 
the  civilization  of  the  English  people."  The  collection  of 
books  was  made  by  the  Kev.  W.  H.  Brookfield,  while  the 
collection  of  periodicals  was  entrusted  to  Mr.  Charles  Alston 
Collins.  In  order  that  it  should  be  made  as  complete  as 
possible  Mr.  Collins  sought  the  aid  of  John  Francis,  to 
whom  he  rendered  generous  tribute  in  the  Official  Report. 

An  Index  to  Periodical  Literature  from  1802. 
By  W.  F.  Poole  and  W.   I.  Fletcher.    Third 
edition,  brought  down  to  January,  1882.    With 
Supplements  to  January,  1902. 
S.r.  Bookselling,  Book-trade,  Booksellers,  Publishers,  Ac. 

Index  to  Periodicals.     (By  Miss  Hethering- 
ton.)  —  'Review   of   Reviews'    office.      Vols. 
I. -XIII.     1890-1902. 
S.v.  Books,  Book-trade,  Bookselling,  Publishers,  &c. 

Perthes,  Friedrich  Christoph  (of  Gotha),  1772-1843. 
—Memoirs  of,  1789-1843.  2  vols.  8vo,  London, 
1856. 

The  Life  of.  By  his  Son,  Clemens  Theodor. 
Translated  into  English.  New  Edition.  Crown 
8vo,  London,  1878. 

Phillips,  Sir  Richard,  1768-1840.— Memoirs  of  the 
Public  and  Private  Life  of  Sir  Richard  Phillips. 
(By  himself.)  Fcap.  8vo,  London,  1808. 

An  Old  Leicestershire  Bookseller  (Sir  Richard 
Phillips).  By  F.  S.  Herne.  —  Journal  of  the 
Leicester  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society, 
January,  1893. 

A  Memoir  appeared  in  the  Gentleman's  Maga- 
zine, August,  1844,  pp.  212-14. 

See  Sorrow's  'Lavengro,'  chap,  xxxiii.  (the  vegetarian 
publisher  is  probably  intended  for  Phillips) ;  '  The  Ethics  of 
Diet,'  by  Howard  Williams,  London,  1883,  p.  235;  second 
edition,  1896,  p.  438 ;  '  Stray  Chapters,'  by  William  E.  A. 
Axon,  1888,  p.  237  ;  '  X.  &  Q.,'  9th  S.  xi.  382.  Phillips  was 
the  author  or  compiler  of  many  books  which  several  genera- 
tions of  booksellers  have  sold  as  l>eing  by  "  the  Abbe  Bossut," 
"  the  Kev.  John  Goldsmith,"  "  the  Rev.  David  Blair,"  &c., 
even  as  William  Godwin  published  several  educational 
books  as  by  "  Edward  Baldwin,"  which  had  a  very  fair  sale 
up  to  a  few  years  ago. 

Plantin  Family  (Antwerp),  1514-1876.— Christophe 
Plantin,  Imprimeur  Anversois.  Par  Max  Rooses. 
Illustree  de  plusieurs  centaines  gravures,  por- 
traits, vues,  lettrines,  litres  de  livres,  frontis- 
pices.  Second  edition.  Royal  8vo,  Antwerp, 
1897. 

Annales  de  1'Imprimerie  Plantinienne.  Par 
—  Backer  et  Ruelens.  Brussels,  ,1865. 

Correspondance  de  Plantin.  Editee  par  Max 
Rooses.  2  vojs.  Ghent,  1884-6. 

La  Maison  Plantin.  Par  Degeorge.  Third 
edition.  Paris,  1886. 

The  Plantin  Museum. — Harper's  Magazine, 
August,  1890. 

Catalogue  du  Musee  Piantin-Moretus.  Par 
Max  Rooses,  Conservateur  du  Musee.  Antwerp, 
1893. 

And  see  other  works  noted  in  the  above  catalogue.  The 
supreme  interest  of  the  family  history  and  of  the 
famous  Museum  at  Antwerp  is  my  excuse  for  including 
the  name  of  Plantin  in  a  list  ostensibly  devoted  only  to  the 
English  and  American  branches  of  the'subject. 

Plomer,  H.  R. — New  Documents  on  English  Printers 
and  Booksellers  in  the  Sixteenth  Century.  — 
Bibliographical  Society's  Transactions,  vol.  iv. 
4to,  London,  1898. 

Abstracts  from  the  Wills  of  English  Printers 
and  Stationers,  1492-1630.  Printed  for  the 
Bibliographical  Society.  4to,  London,  1903. 


Ponder,  Nathaniel,  fl.  1656.— Wellingborough  News, 
2  Oct.,  1903.  British  Weekly,  11  Sept.,  1903. 
(Notes  by  Mr.  W.  Perkins.) 

Ponder  was  the  first  publisher  of  Bunyan's  '  Pilgrim's 
Progress,'  1678.  Dunton  calls  him  "  Nathaniel  (alias  Bunyan)_ 
Ponder." 

Pope,  Alexander,  1688-1744.— The  Dunciad,  1728 
1729. 

Mentions  Edmund  Curll,  John  Dunton,  Bernard  Lintot, 
Thomas  Oslx>rne,  Jacob  Tonson,  &c. 

Portraits  of  Public  Characters.  By  the  author  of 
'  Random  Recollections  of  the  Lords  and  Com- 
mons'  (James  Grant,  1802-72,  the  once  well- 
known  editor  of  the  Morning  Advertiser). 
2  vols.  cr.  8vo,  London,  1841. 
See  vol.  ii.  for  Mr.  John  Murray  and  Mr.  Thomas  Tegg. 

Power,  John.— A  Handy  Book  about  Books  for 
Book-Lovers,  Book-Buyers,  and  Book-Sellers. 
Attempted  by  John  Power.  8vo,  London, 
1870. 

Prang,  L.,  &  Company,  Boston,  U.S.— The  Prang 
Souvenir  of  the  Twenty-fifth  Anniversary  of 
the  Founding  of  the  House  of  L.  Prang  &  Com- 
pany, held  at  Turn  Hall,  Boston,  25  Dec.,  1881. 
With  illustrations.  4to,  Boston,  1882. 

Printers. 
For  information  as  to  the  connexion  of  the  early  printers 

with  publishers  and  booksellers,  see  Bigmore  and  Wyman's 

'  Bibliography  of  Printing,'  3  vols.,  1880-86. 
For  the  whole  subject  of  printing  sec  Catalogue  of  the 

William  Blades  Library,  1899,  and  Catalogue  of  the  Passmore 

Edwards  Library,  1897.    These  are  both  compiled  by  John 

Southward.    The  two  collections  of  books  are  in  the  library 

of  the  St.  Bride  Foundation  Institute,  Bride  Lane,  London, 

E.G. 

Publishers'  Association  (The  London),  founded 
1896.— List  of  Members  and  Rules,  published 
annually. 

Publishers'  Board  of  Trade  (New  York).— Articles 
of  Association  and  By-Laws,  July,  1870.  Re- 
vised January,  1871.  8vo,  New  York,  1871. 

Publishers'  Circular  (The),  1837—. 
See  throughout  for  obituary  notices,  &c. 

Publishers'  Weekly,  New  York. 
Sec  throughout  for  obituary  notices,  &c. 

Putnam,  George  Havep.— Authors  and  Publishers- 
Containing  a  Description  of  Publishing  Methods 
and  Arrangements,  &c.  First  edition,  post  8vo, 
New  York  and  London,  1883 ;  seventh  edition, 
post  8vo,  New  York  and  London,  1900. 

Authors  and  their  Public  in  Ancient  Times  : 
a  Sketch  of  Literary  Conditions  and  of  the 
Relations  with  the  Public  of  Literary  Pro- 
ducers, from  the  Earliest  Times  to  the  Fall  of 
the  Roman  Empire.  12mo,  first  edition.  New 
York  and  London,  1893  ;  12mo,  third  edition, 
revised,  New  York  and  London,  1896. 

Books  and  their  Makers  during  the  Middle 
Ages  :  a  Study  of  the  Conditions  of  the  Pro- 
duction and  Distribution  of  Literature  from 
the  Fall  of  the  Roman  Empire  to  the  Close  of 
the  Seventeenth  Century.  2  vols.  8vo,  New 
York  and  London,  1897. 

Putnam,  George  Palmer,  1814-72.— A  Memorial  of 
George  Palmer  Putnam,  together  with  a  Record 
of  the  Publishing  House  founded  by  him.  (Pri- 
vately printed.)  New  York,  1903. 

Quaritch,  Bernard,  1819-99.— U(  1m),  A(dolph).  Ber- 
nard Quaritch  in  London.  Separat-Abdruck 


306 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  i.  APML  ie,  100*. 


aus  Petzholdt's  Neuern   Anzeiger  fur  Biblio- 
graphic und   Bibliothek-iuissenschaft,    Heft  11. 
8vo,  Dresden,  1880. 
(Wyman,  C.)  B.  Q.,  a  Biographical  and  Biblio- 

Eraphical  Fragment.  (25  copies  printed.)  16mo, 
ondon,  1880. 

Bernard  Quaritch's  Annual  Trade  Sale,  1885. 
Karl  W.  Hiersemann.  Sonder  -  Abdruck  aus 
dem  Bdrsenblatt  fur  den  Deutschen  Buchhandel, 
No.  265.  8vo,  Leipzig,  1885. 

Mr.  Bernard  Quaritch,  the  eminent  Biblio- 
grapher. By  F.  M.  Holmes.  With  portrait. — 
Great  Thoughts,  Third  Series,  vol.  ix.  No.  226. 
London,  1897. 

Bernard  Quaritch's  Semi-Centennial.  With 
portrait.— Publishers'  Weekly,  vol.  Hi.  No.  19. 
New  York,  1897. 

Quarterly  Review. — The  History  of  Bookselling  in 
England. — January,  1892. 

Ralph,  James,  1705  (?)-62.— The  Case  of  Authors  by 
Profession  or  Trade  Stated  ;  in  Regard  to  Book- 
sellers, the  Stage,  and  the  Public.  8vo,  London, 
1758. 

Rees,  Thomas,  1777-1864,  and  Britton,  John,  1771- 
1857. — Reminiscences  of  Literary  London  from 
1779  to  1853.  With  Interesting  Anecdotes  of 
Publishers,  Authors,  and  Book  Auctioneers  of 
that  Period.  Privately  printed,  1853.  New 
edition,  "  Edited  by  a  Book-Lover,"  New  York 
and  London,  1896. 

Eeligious  Tract  Society. ' 

The  Jubilee  Memorial  of  the  Religious  Tract 
Society,  containing  a  Record  of  its  Origin,  Pro- 
ceedings, and  Results,  A.D.  1799  to  A.D.  1849. 
By  William  Jones,  Corresponding  Secretary. 
Large  8vo,  London,  1850. 

The  Story  of  the  Religious  Tract  Society  for 
One  Hundred  Years.  By  Samuel  G.  Green, 
D.D.  8vo,  London,  1899. 

Richardson,  Samuel,  1689-1761.— The  Correspond- 
ence of  Samuel  Richardson.  With  Memoir  by 
Mrs.  A.  L.  Barbauld.  6  vols.  crown  8vo,  Lon- 
don, 1804. 

The  Collected  Works  of  Samuel  Richardson. 
With  a  Sketch  of  his  Life  by  the  Rev.  E. 
Mangin.  19  yols.  crown  8vo,  London,  1811. 

Samuel    Richardson :    a    Biographical    and 
Critical  Study.    By  Clara  Linklater  Thomson. 
With  portrait.    Crown  8vo,  London,  1900. 
Miss  Thomson's  book  lias  a  full  Bibliography  of  Hichard- 
Eoniana. 

Rivington,  House  of.— The  House  of    Rivington. 

By  Septimus  Rivington.    8vo,  London,  1894. 

1o^ublJ?he,rs'  9ircular'  J5  January,  1885 ;  2  June, 

1890.     Bookseller,  January,  1885;  6  June,  1890. 
Roberts,  William.— The  Earlier  History  of  English 

Bookselling.     Crown  8vo,  London,  1889;   new 

and  cheaper  edition,  London,  1892. 
"The  present  volume  only  brings  my  scheme  up  to  the 
«arher  part  of  the  last  [i.e.  eighteenth]  century."— Preface. 

16  Ao      1890*    ^    the   Poultry'  ~  City  Press' 
Rome.— The  Book -trade  of  Ancient  Rome.     See 

Book-Lore,  vol.  iv.  121.    London,  1886. 
Ruddiman,  Thomas,  1674-1757.— The  Life  of  Thomas 
Kuddiman,  Keeper  for  almost  Fifty  Years  ol 
the  Library  belonging  to  the  Faculty  of  Advo 
cates   at   Edinburgh.     By    George   Chalmers 
8vo,  London,  1794. 
Book  auctioneer,  printer,  Latin  grammarian. 


Ruskin,  John,  1819-1900.— Fors  Clavigera,  1871-84. 
(The  references  are  to  the  numbers  of  the 
letters. ) 

The  Author's  Battle  with  Booksellers,  a 
Losing  Game  at  First,  but  now  nearly  won,  62 ; 
and  those  they  hire,  89. 

Bookselling  Trade,  Author's  principles  as 
managed  by  Mr.  Allen,  6, 11,  16,  62,  89  (and  see 
Notes  and  Correspondence,  10,  14,  and  15). 

Publishing  and  Bookselling  Trade,  abuses  of, 
53,  57. 

Rylands,  W.  H. — Booksellers  in  Warrington,  1639, 
1657.  (Liverpool  Historic  Society's  Proceedings- 
vol.  xxxvii.)  8vo,  Liverpool,  1888. 

WM.  H.  PEET. 
(To  be  concluded.) 


'DERBY'S  RAM.' — The  following  song  was 
learnt  by  a  Cape  Cod  sailor  during  the  war 
of  1812-15,  when  it  was  common,  and  was 
taught  to  his  nephew,  of  whom  I  have  it : — 
As  I  was  going  to  Derby  on  a  pleasant  summer  day, 
'Twas  there  I  spied  the  biggest  ram  that  ever  was 

fed  on  hay. 

He  had  four  feet  to  walk  upon  and  four  feet  to  stand, 
And  every  foot  he  stood  upon  covered  forty  acres  of 

land. 
Chorus:  Turua  ra  zee,  sir, and  his  eyes,  sir, 

And  his  head  was  bigger  than  his  eyes. 

The  horns  upon  this  ram,  sir,  they  reached  up  to 

the  moon ; 
A  man  went  up  them  in  January  aud  didn't  come 

down  till  June. 

Chorus  :  Turna  ra  zee,  sir,  &c. 
The  wool  on  this  ram's  back,  sir,  it  reached  up  to 

the  sky, 
Where  the  eagles  built  their  nest,  for  I  heard  the 

young  ones  cry.  Chorus. 

The  man  that  butchered  this  ram,  sir,  was  drowned 

in  his  blood, 
And  forty  more  astanding  around  was  carried  away 

in  the  flood.  Chorus. 

Now  this  old  ram's  pizzle,  sir,  measured  forty  yards 

and  an  ell, 

That  was  sent  to  Ireland  to  ring  St.  Patrick's  bell. 

Chorus. 
There  was  forty  gentlemen  of  honor,  sir,  come  to  see 

this  old  ranrs  bones, 
And  forty  ladies  of  honor  went  to  see  this  old  ram's 

stones.  Chorus. 

The  man  that  owned  this  ram,  sir,  was  counted  very 

rich, 
But  the  one  that  made  this  song  was  a  lying  son  of 

a  bitch. 

GEORGE  DAVIS  CHASE. 
Wesleyan  University,  Middletown,  Conn. 
[This  version  of  the  well-known  song  differs  widely 
from  that  generally  cited.] 

'  HERRING  SONG.'— The  following  '  Herring 
Song '  was  sometimes  used  by  the  men  as  a 
cradle  song : — 

As  I  was  walking  down  by  the  seaside, 
I  saw  an  old  herring  floating  up  with  the  tide  ; 
He  was  forty  feet  long  and  fifty  feet  square, 
If  this  ain't  a  great  lie  I  will  sing  no  more  here. 


io*s.i.ApEiLi6,i9<H.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


307 


And  what  do  you  think  I  made  of  his  head  ? 
'Twas  forty  fine  ovens  as  ever  baked  bread, 
Some  shovels  and  pokers  and  other  fine  things, — 
Don't  you  think  I  made  well  of  my  jovial  herring? 

And  what  do  you  think  I  made  of  his  eyes  ? 
'Twas  forty  great  puddings  and  fifty  great  pies, 
Some  mustards  and  custards  and  other  fine  things, — 
Don't  you  think  I  made  well  of  my  jovial  herring  ? 

Now  what  do  you  think  I  made  of  his  fins  ? 
It  was  sixty  fine  Dutchmen  as  ever  drank  gin, 
There  was  Swedes  and  Norwegians  and  other  fine 

things, — 
Don't  you  think  I  made  well  of  my  jovial  herring? 

And  what  do  you  think  I  made  of  his  tail? 
'Twas  forty  fine  shipping  as  ever  sot  sail, 
Some  long-boats  and  barges  and  other  fine  things, — 
Don't  you  think  I  made  well  of  my  jovial  herring  ? 

And  what  do  you  think  I  made  of  his  scales  ? 
'Twas  forty  fine  blacksmiths  as  ever  made  nails, 
Some  carpenters  and  masons  and  other  fine  things, — 
Don't  you  think  I  made  well  of  my  jovial  herring  ? 

And  what  do  you  think  I  made  of  his  guts  ? 
Some  forty  pretty  maidens  and  fifty  great  sluts, 
Some  kitchen  maids  and  chamber  maids  and  other 

fine  things, — 
Don't  you  think  I  made  well  of  my  jovial  herring  ? 

'Tis  fixzlecum  fizzlecum  jig, 

A  long-tail  sow  and  a  short-tail  pig. 

GEORGE  DAVIS  CHASE. 
Wesleyan  University,  Middletown,  Conn. 

THE  CEDILLA.  —  This  well-known  mark 
(which  signifies  little  zeta  and  takes  the  place 
of  cz)  is  used  in  French  words  under  the 
letter  c  when  followed  by  one  of  the  vowels 
a,  o,  or  u,  to  indicate  that  it  has  the  soft 
sound,  as  before  e,  i,  or  y.  We  do  not  use  it 
in  English,  presumably  because  there  is  no 
exception  to  c  being  hard  (formerly  its 
universal  force)  before  a,  o,  or  u.  But,  oddly 
enough,  the  'Encyclopaedic  Dictionary' 
inserts  it  where  c  is  followed  by  e,  i,  or  y, 
in  which  cases  it  is  not  necessary  even  in 
French.  W.  T.  LYNN. 

Blackheath. 

"  FOULARD." — In  Larousse's  dictionary  the 
origin  of  the  word  foulard  ("  etoffe  de  soie  de 
la  famille  des  taffetas,"  <kc.)  is  stated  to  be 
unknown.  I  had  always  supposed  it  to  be 
derived  from  fouler,  to  press,  to  trample  on, 
&c.,  this  make  of  silk  being  so  soft  and 
uncreasable  that  it  can  be  rumpled  and  even 
squeezed  with  impunity  ;  but  it  occurs  to  me 
that  another  signification  of  fouler— i.e.,  to 
mill  (cloth,  &c.),  to  full— might  be  more  to  the 
point.  From  Webster's  Dictionary  and  from 
'Chambers's  Encyclopaedia,'!  gather  that  the 
essential  of  the  fulling  process  is  pressure, 
whether  by  beating  with  mallets  or,  as  of 
later  years,  by  mangling  between  rollers,  the 
object  being  to  shrink  and  thicken  the  cloth. 
One  of  the  equivalents  (?)  offered  in  Webster 


for  the  verb  t.  full  is  Low  Latin  folare,  to 
smooth,  bleach,  &c. 

I  have  learnt  from  the  buyers  of  two 
large  Kensington  houses  that  foulard  is  not 
made  of  silk  proper,  but  of  a  certain  refuse- 
part  of  the  cocoon  known  as  "shap";  that 
this  undergoes  a  process  of  pressure  similar 
to  that  by  which  waste  wool  is  converted 
into  "shoddy,"  and  that  the  material  is 
finally  highly  calendered.  It  may  be  ques- 
tioned whether  these  particulars  would  apply 
to  the  old  as  well  as  to  the  variety  of  modern 
productions  called  "foulard." 

Since  communicating  the  above  I  have 
seen  the  remark  in  Littre  that,  considering 
the  lack  of  historical  evidence,  it  cannot  be 
determined  whether  this  word  comes  from 
some  Oriental  term  or  from  fouler. 

ETHEL  LEGA-WEEKES. 
[The '  H.E.D.'  merely  says  adopted  from  Fr.  foulard.] 

LYNOLD  FAMILY.— One  of  the  persons  who 
witnessed  the  aurora  borealis  in  1639  was 
Mr.  Edmund  Lynold,  at  Healing  (ante,  p.  242). 
These  notes  about  him  may  be  useful. 

In  1631  John  Clarke,  of  Lincoln,  edited 
the  '  Colloquies '  of  Erasmus,  and  at  the  end 
of  the  volume  was  added  a  "lusus  anagram- 
maticus  "  on  Erasmus's  name  by  "  Edmundus 
Lynold,  de  Heling,  Lincoln  "  (ed.  1727). 

In  1634  "Edmund  Lyneold  "  was  suspended 
from  the  ministry  by  the  High  Commission 
for  refusing  to  conform  (S.  R.  Gardiner, 
'  History  of  England,  1603-42,'  vol.  x.,  1884, 
p.  224). 

There  are  marriage  licences  at  Lincoln : 
1606,  31  July,  Wm.  Dale,  parson  of  South 
Stoke,  and  Anne,  daughter  of  John  Lynold, 
"clk  dec'1,"  of  Healing;  and  1614,  30  June, 
Walter  Allen,  rector  of  Withcall,  and  "  Pris- 
cilla  Linolde,  of  Healing,  spr'J  (Gibbons, 
'  Lincoln  Marr.  Lie.,'  1888,  pp.  20,  38). 

W.  C.  B. 

JOHN  GAUDEN  :  EDWARD  LEWKNOR.  —  In 
its  memoir  of  Bishop  Gauden  the  'D.N.B.' 
says  that  in  1630  he  was  already  married  to 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Sir  William  Russell 
and  widow  of  Edward  Lewknor.  But  this  is 
impossible,  as  Edward  Lewknor  did  not  die 
till  December,  1634.  The  Denham  register  is 
my  authority.  A  portrait  of  this  Edward 
Lewknor  was  recently  sold  among  the  Rayn- 
liam  portraits  at  Christie's,  lot  152.  But  he 
was  wrongly  described  in  the  sale  catalogue 
as  brother  to  Mary,  first  wife  of  Horatio, 
Lord  Townshend.  He  was  her  father,  and  she 
was  an  only  child.  S.  H.  A.  H. 

"  WENTWORTH":  ITS  LOCAL  PRONUNCIATION. 
—PROF.  SKEAT  alludes  (ante,  p.  229)  to  the 
'act  that  "  Winta's  worth  has  become  Went- 


308 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  i.  A™,  i<uoot 


worth  ."  It  may  appropriately  be  added  that 
the  name  is  still  pronounced  locally  Wint'orth. 
In  1887  an  exhibition  in  honour  of  Queen 
Victoria's  jubilee  was  opened  at  Elsecar  by 
H.R.H.  the  Duchess  of  Teck.  After  the  cere- 
mony I  inquired  my  way  to  Wentworth,  and 
when  about  a  mile  away  inquired  again,  this 
time  of  a  lad  about  twelve  years  old.  He 
denied  all  knowledge  of  the  place.  I  then 
asked  him  whether  he  was  not,  like  myself,  a 
stranger  in  the  locality,  to  which  he  replied 
that  he  had  always  lived  thereabouts.  "Then," 
said  I,  "  you  must  know,  surely,  where  Earl 
Fitz  william  lives."  His  face  at  once  beamed 
with  intelligence  as  he  said,  "  Oh,  yp  meean 
Wint'orth,"  and  followed  up  by  directions 
which  were  all  that  one  could  wish.  This  is 
but  one  of  many  instances  which  might  be 
adduced  of  the  persistence  in  the  local  dialect 
of  the  pronunciation  as  recorded  in  Domesday. 

E.  G.  B. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

"  PART  AND  PARCEL."—  The  earliest  example 
of  this  locution  as  yet  sent  to  us  for  the 
'  Dictionary  '  is  of  1837,  "  this  being  part  and 
parcel  of  my  present  subject."  I  have  little 
doubt  that  much  earlier  instances  can  be 
furnished,  and  shall  be  obliged  to  any  reader 
of  N.  &  Q.'  who  will  send  them.  Address 
Dr.  Murray,  Oxford.  J.  A.  H.  M. 

PASSIM.—  When  did  this  Latin  adverb  begin 
to  be  used  in  English  context,  after  names  of 
authors  or  books  ?   We  greatly  want  examples 
before  the  nineteenth  century.     One  would 
expect  to  find  it  in  the  eighteenth  century, 
and  perhaps  in   the  seventeenth  :    but  the 
btanford  Dictionary'  has  it  only  from  1803. 
J.  A.  H.  MURRAY. 

PASSING-BELL.—  The  Sixty-seventh  Canon 
directs,  '  When  any  is  passing  out  of  this  life, 
a  bell  shall  be  tolled,  and  the  Minister  shall 
not  then  slack  to  do  his  last  duty."  Dr. 
Johnson  explains  "  Passing  -  bell  "  as  "The 
bell  which  rings  at  the  hour  of  departure,  to 
obtain  prayers  for  the  passing  soul  :  it  is 
often  used  for  the  bell  which  rings  imme- 
?uate  £  *fter  death."  Is  the  passing-bell  as 
thus  defined  now  rung  anywhere?  And  is 
the  name  "  passing-bell  "  commonly  given  to 
the  bell  rung  after  death  ? 

J.  A.  H.  MURRAY. 
Oxford. 


FRANQOIS  VIVARES.— J'ai  1'honneur  de  faire 
appel  a  1'intermediaire  de  votre  estimable 
journal  pour  obtenir,  s'il  est  possible,  des 
renseignements  relativement  a  une  etude 
historique  que  je  poursuis.  Elle  a  pour 
objet  la  vie  et  les  oeuvres  du  graveur  Fran- 
cois Vivares,  qui,  ne  en  France  en  1709, 
passa  en  Angleterre  a  1'age  de  dix-huit  ans 
et  vecut  a  Londres  jusqu'en  1780.  L'oauvre 
de  cet  artiste  est  ties  considerable,  et  a  eu 
une  influence  decisive  sur  1'orientation,  en 
Angleterre,  de  1'art  de  la  gravure,  qui  a 
atteint  dans  votre  pays  un  degre  de  per- 
fection si  remarquable. 

Je  suis  suffisamment  documente  sur  1'oeuvre 
de  Fr.  Vivares.  J'ai  le  catalogue  complet 
de  ses  planches  et  un  certain  noinbre  de  ses 
gravures.  J'ai  le  catalogue  de  la  vente  de 
son  fonds,  apres  sa  mort,  et  j'ai  releve  toutes 
les  notices  oiographiques  qui  ont  paru  a  son 
sujet  dans  les  ouvrages  anglais  et  etrangers. 

Ce  que  je  cherche  aujourd'hui,  ce  sont  les 
renseignements  inedits  qui  pourraient  me 
faire  penetrer  plus  avant  dans  la  vie  privee 
de  1'artiste  et  le  suivre  dans  sa  descendance. 
Peut-etre  existe-t-il  de  pareils  documents, 
soit  sous  forme  de  correspondances  manu- 
scrites,  de  memoires  non  publics,  &c.  Peut- 
etre  se  trouvent-ils  dans  des  bibliothequea 
publiques  ou  privees  dont  il  serait  possible 
de  les  faire  sortir  dans  1'interet  de  1'nistoire 
de  1'art. 

Puisque  votre  journal  a  pour  but  principal 
1'etude  des  problemes  de  ce  genre,  je  pense 
que  je  ne  suis  pas  indiscret  en  m'adressant 
a  lui  et  a  votre  obligeance. 

HENRY  VIVAREZ. 
12,  Rue  de  Berne,  Paris. 

NELSON  AND  WOLSEY. — Is  it  possible  that 
the  greatest  of  English  naval  commanders 
is  buried  in  a  second-hand  sarcophagus  ?  It 
appears  so,  for  the  tomb  at  St.  Paul's  is  said 
to  be  that  of  Cardinal  Wolsey.  BRUTUS. 

BASS  ROCK  Music. — James  Ray,  of  White- 
haven,  took  part  in  the  battle  of  Culloden  as 
a  volunteer  serving  under  the  Duke  of  Cum- 
berland. On  the  northward  march  in  Janu- 
ary, 1746,  he  records  in  his  letters  that  ''  we 
nad  a  fine  view  of  Tantallon  Castle  and  the 
Bass  Rock,  whence  the  Scots  derive  their 
uarch  on  the  drum."  This  must  mean  that 
is  soldiering  experience  in  Flanders  and 
lsewhere  had  made  Ray  familiar  with  a 
military  air  used  in  the  Scots  regiments  and 
named  after  the  Bass  Rock.  Can  any  reader 
say  whether  this  air  has  survived,  or  whether 
there  is  any  other  record  of  it  ?  It  has  been 
uggested  to  the  querist  by  a  military  author, 
2ol.  Greenhill-Gardyne,  of  Finavon,  Forfar- 


io<»  s.  i.  APRIL  16,  ION.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


300 


shire,  that  Ray,  beinj 
have  confused    the    1 


an  Englishman,  may 
•ass  with  the  rock  of 


Dumbarton,   and   been  thinking  about  the 

old  air : — 

Dumbarton's  drums  beat  bpnnie,  O, 
Aud  mind  me  o'  my  Johnnie,  0. 

The  gallant  officer  believes  this  to  have  been 
the  march  of  the  Royal  Scots,  that  oldest  of 
regiments,  but  he  fancies  that  the  drums 
were  those  of  a  Mr.  Dumbarton,  who  was 
colonel  of  the  regiment  when  the  air  was 
composed.  It  would  certainly  be  odd  if  the 
Royal  Scots  named  their  march  after  a  rock 
in  the  Lennox  instead  of  one  in  the  Lothians, 
with  which  they  were  and  are  territorially 
associated.  It  would  be  very  interesting  if  a 
'  Bass  Rock  March '  could  be  disinterred  that 
would  lilt  to  the  ballad  commemorating  the 
famous  fight  which  took  place  upon  the  sea 
beside  the  Bass  Rock  in  1489,  between  Sir 
Andrew  Wood,  of  Largo,  and  the  sturdy 
English  captain  Sir  Steven  Bull,  of  which 
the  final  verse  is  : — 

The  battle  fiercely  it  was  focht 

Near  to  the  craig  o'  Bass  : 
When  next  we  meet  the  English  loons, 

May  nae  waur  come  to  pass  ! 

GEORGE  LAW. 

ENGRAVINGS.— I  have  recently  bought  four 
steel  engravings  very  fine  work,  in  old  oak 
frames,  as  follows  : — 

"  No.  17.  The  North  View  of  Mettingham  Castle 
and  College  in  the  County  of  Suffolk.  Inscribed  to 
Tobias  Hunt,  Esq.  Sam1  and  Nath1  Black,  del.  et 
sculp.  Published  according  to  Act  of  Parliament, 
March  25th,  1738." 

"No.  22.  South  East  View  of  Caer-Phily  Castle, 
in  the  County  of  Glamorgan.  Inscribed  to  Herbert, 
Viscount  Windsor  and  Baron  Mountjoy.  Sam1  and 
Nath1  Black,  del.  et  sculp.  Publisht  according  to 
Aet  of  Parliament,  April  5th,  1740." 

"No.  38.  South  Eastern  View  of  Brecknock 
Castle.  Inscribed  to  William  Morgan,  Esq.  Sam1 
and  Nath1  Black,  del.  et  sculp.  Published  accord- 
ing to  Act  of  Parliament,  March  25th,  1741." 

"  No.  73.  North  East  View  of  Caernarvon  Castle. 
With  explanatory  notes.  Sam1  and  Nath1  Black, 
del.  et  sculp.  Published  according  to  Act  of 
Parliament,  Ap1  9th,  1742." 

Can  your  readers  tell  me  where  I  could 
obtain  others  of  the  series  ?  Were  Samuel 
and  Nathaniel  Black  famous  for  their  work  ] 
What  does  "  publisht  according  to  Act  of 
Parliament  "  mean  ?  I  shall  be  glad  of  any 
information  relating  to  this  series  of  fine 
steel  engravings.  BLANCHE  HULTON. 

Astley  House,  Boltoh,  Lancashire. 


ADMIRAL  DONALD  CAMPBELL. — This  British 
officer  was  in  the  Portuguese  service  1797- 
1805,  and  in  the  latter  year  gave  important 
information  to  Lord  Nelson  as  to  the  direc- 
tion the  French  fleet  had  taken,  viz.,  the 


West  Indies.  In  consequence  of  Campbell's 
action  he  lost  his  position,  and  died  shortly 
after.  Can  any  of  your  readers  refer  me  to  any 
work  giving  a  detailed  account  of  his  services, 
or  say  whether  the  British  Government  ever 
compensated  his  widow  and  family,  who 
suffered  distress  1  I  should  also  be  glad  to 
know  particulars  of  his  parentage. 

ALAISTER  MACGILLEAN. 

ARMS  OF  POPE  Pius  X.— At  6th  S.  vi.  81 
was  given  by  MR.  EVERARD  GREEN,  F.S.A., 
a  very  interesting  list  of  the  coats  of  arms 
of  the  Popes  from  Innocent  III.  to  Leo  XIII., 
covering,  therefore,  the  period  from  1198  to 
1903.  Could  this  now  be  completed  by  a 
description  of  the  coat  of  Pius  X.  ? 

A.  F.  R. 

WYBURNE  FAMILY. — This  family,  residing 
in  the  county  of  Cumberland,  bore  Sable, 
three  bars  between  as  many  mullets  or.  I 
shall  be  much  obliged  by  information  whether 
any  descendants  are  living  in  Cumberland  or 
in  the  North  of  England.  H.  D.  E. 

"SlAT     CRUX     DUM    VOLVITUR     ORBIS "     is 

quoted  in  the  Month  for  March  last,  p.  150. 
Is  the  author  known  or  where  it  first  occurs  ? 

N.  M.  &  A. 

OXFORD  MEN  SENT  TO  THE  TOWER. — I  shall 
be  much  obliged  to  any  one  who  will  give  me 
the  names  and  college  of  the  persons  to  whom 
reference  is  made  in  a  letter  from  Bp.  Quadra 
to  the  Duchess  of  Parma,  dated  15  November, 
1561  ('  Cal.  S.  P.  Span.,  Eliz.,'  vol.  i.  No.  143), 
as  follows  : — 

"  Two  days  ago  six  young  Oxford  students  were 
thrown  into  the  Tower  of  London.  They  were 
brought  before  the  Council  on  a  charge  of  having 
resisted  the  Mayor,  who  had  gone  to  take  away  the 
crucifix  from  their  college  chapel,"  &c. 

The  Register  of  the  Acts  of  the  Privy  Council 
from  12  May,  1559,  to  28  May,  1562,  is  un- 
happily lost.    Is  not  such  interference  of  the 
Mayor  in  a  university  matter  most  unusual  ? 
JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

"  FOLEIT'." — Perhaps  some  of  your  readers 
could  supply  an  interpretation  (which  has 
been  sought  vainly  in  Dufresne's,  Fennell- 
Stanford's,  and  other  dictionaries)  of  the 
word  foleit',  occurring  in  a  Barnstaple  mer- 
chant's inventory  of  1413  (Escheator's  In- 
quisitions, file  659),  thus :  "  unu  kercher  & 
foleitu'  de  Cotyn,  ijs.  ;  duo  foleit'  de 


tforthefolke,  xviid  ; unu  foleit'  de  Strau- 

bury  clothe,  ld  ob."  If  from  Lat.  foliatus, 
one  could  fancy  its  describing  some  scalloped 
or  gwm'-leaf-shaped  fichu  or  shawl ;  but  it 
might,  perhaps,  be  traced  instead  to  a  L. 

jatin  word  that  I  find  in  Webster's  Dictionary 


310 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io»  s.  i.  APEIL  16, 1004. 


(under  'Full,'  v.t),  folare,  to  smooth,  bleach. 
Again,  there  is  about  it  a  faint  suggestion  of 
the  French  foulard,  another  word  of  uncertain 
derivation.  I  have  just  found  in  Littre, 

"  Follette sorte  de  fichu  a  la  mode  vers 

1722."  ETHEL  LEGA-WEEKES. 

RALEGH  PORTRAIT.— Two  portraits  of  Sir 
Walter  Ralegh  engraved  by  Simon  Pass  are 
included  in  the  list  of  the  latter's  works  in 
Walpole's  'Anecdotes  of  Painting,'  &c.  (1876), 
iii.  145-6.  The  first  is  thus  described  :  "  Sir 
Walter  Raleigh  in  an  oval,  arms  and  devices. 
Sim.  Pass  sculps.  Comp.  Holland  exc.  Oval 
4to,"  and  is  to  be  found  in  Ralegh's  '  History 
of  the  World,'  from  the  third  (1617)  edition 
to  the  tenth  (1687).  The  second  is  simply 
noted  as  "  another  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  "; 


have  been  unable  to  meet  with  an  example  of 
the  latter,  and  should  feel  greatly  obliged  for 
any  information  where  a  copy  of  it  could  be 
seen.  T.  N.  BRUSHFIELD,  M.D. 

Salterton,  Devon. 

JESSAMY  BRIDE.— Can  any  of  your  readers 
tell  me  what  is  the  meaning  of  the  above 
name,  which  was  given  by  Goldsmith  to  Miss 
Mary  Horneck  ?  F.  E.  S. 

['The  History  of  Jemmy  and  Jenny  Jessamy,' 
3  vols.,  1753,  was  written  by  Mrs.  Eliza  Haywood. 
Pepys  talks  of  jessamy  gloves,  15  Feb.,  1668/9.  See 

'.  r-r&  P-/  ,8,'h  S<  xL  148>  213  '>  and  Austin  Dobson's 
'Life  of  Goldsmith,'  pp.  154-5.] 

JAMES  BRINDLEY.  —  Can  any  reader  of 
'N.  &  Q.'  tell  mo  where  James  Brindley, 
the  engineer,  was  born,  when  he  died,  and 
where  he  was  buried  ?  Does  any  illustration 
of  his  birthplace  exist?  and,  if  so,  where  is 
it  to  be  found  1  J.  R.  FINCH. 

[Neither  Smiles  nor  the  '  D.N.B.'  seems  to  supply 
the  information  you  seek.] 

MITCHEL  &  FINLAY,  BANKERS.— This  firm 
is  mentioned,  in  letters  written  early  in  the 
eighteenth  century,  as  near  the  Post  Office 
.London.  I  should  be  glad  to  know  how  long 
it  existed  and  the  name  of  the  senior  partner 
The  junior  was  Robert  Finlay,  who  married 
29  July,  1707,  at  St.  Audoen's,  Dublin,  Kathe 
rme,  eldest  daughter  of  Alderman  Thos. 
Somerville,  of  Dublin  (by  Katherine  King 
his  wife),  and  had  issue  James,  Katherine, 
&c.  Robert  Fmlay'e  address  in  1709  and 
subsequently  appears  to  have  been  "Shel 
burne  Lane,  nr  y  Post  Office,  London." 

CHARLES  S.  KING,  Bt. 

GOOD  FRIDAY  AND   Low   TiDEs.-At  St. 
Mary's,   Scilly,    it    is    firmly    believed    that 


:he  lowest  tide  of  the  year,  as  happened  to 
je  the  case  this  year,  is  invariably  on  Good 
Friday,  at  whatever  date  it  may  occur.  Is 
there  anything  to  justify  this  belief  on 
astronomical  ground  ]  and  are  like  super- 
stitions known  elsewhere  ?  H.  2. 

EARLY  MS.  MENTION  OF  SHAKESPEARE.— 
[n  Malone's  'Inquiry,'  1796,  p.  67,  is  the 
following  foot-note  : — 

' '  Venus  and  Adonis,'  16mo,  1596.— This  poem 
was  entered  on  the  Stationers'  Books,  by  Richard 
Field,  April  18,  1593 ;  and  I  long  since  conjectured 
that  it  was  printed  in  that  year,  though  I  bave 
never  seen  an  earlier  edition  than  that  above  quoted, 
which  is  in  my  possession.  Since  1  published  that 

Eoem  [in  17901  my  conjecture  has  been  confirmed, 
eyond  a  doubt ;  the  following  entry  having  been 
found  in  an  ancient  MS.  diary,  which  some  time 
since  was  in  the  hands  of  an  acquaintance  of  Mr. 
Steevens,  by  whom  it  was  communicated  to  me : 
'  12th  of  June,  1593.  For  the  Survay  of  Fraunce, 
with  the  Venus  and  Athonay  pr  Shakspere,  xiid.' " 

Afterwards,  as  he  states  in  a  note  to  the 
second  edition  of  his  '  Shakespeare '  (vol.  xx. 
p.  9),  Malone  acquired  a  copy  of  the  1593 
edition,  the  existence  of  which  he  had  con- 
jectured, but  he  now  says  nothing  of  the 
"ancient  MS.  diary."  Under  the  circum- 
stances it  was  not  necessary  that  he  should  ; 
it  is,  however,  possible  that  he  had  come  to 
have  doubts  of  its  existence.  I  have  not 
been  able  to  find  any  allusion  to  it  by  any 
subsequent  writer,  and  it  is  absent  from 
Ingleby's  'Centurie  of  Prayse'  and  from 
Furnivall's  'Fresh  Allusions.'  Is  anything 
known  of  it  ?  H.  A.  EVANS. 

Begbroke,  Oxon. 

H.  LAWRANCE,  FANMAKER,  PALL  MALL.— 
The  Duke  and  Duchess  of  Gordon  had  a  box 
at  the  King's  Theatre  for  the  opera  season 
1787-8.  The  fan  used  by  the  duchess  was 
made  by  the  above  fan  maker.  I  shall  be 
glad  to  learn  whether  the  ancestors  of  this 
fanmaker  were  in  any  way  connected  with 
the  Buchan  district,  Aberdeenshire,  where 
the  above  way  of  spelling  Lawrance  was 
once  extremely  common.  The  first  person  I 
have  come  across  in  history  to  use  it  either 
as  a  Christian  name  or  a  surname  was  Law- 
rance Fraser,  of  Philorth,  Fraserburgh,  circa 
1498.  Please  send  answers  relating  to  the 
above  or  any  Lawrances  connected  with 
Aberdeenshire  to 

ROBERT  MURDOCH  LAWRANCE. 

71,  Bon-Accord  Street,  Aberdeen. 

WHITE  TURBARY.  —  Could  any  of  your 
readers  give  me  the  botanical  name  of 
white  turbary  ?  A  name  for  it  in  Lancashire 
is  dewon.  W.  E.  S. 


i.  APRIL  16, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


311 


"OUR   LADY   OF  THE   SNOWS." 
(10th  S.  i.  246.) 

THOSE  who  refer  to  Kipling's  poem  »hould 
not  omit  the  "the."  I  believe  that  "Notre 
Dame  des  Nieges"  is  the  dedication  of  some 
chapels  among  the  mountains  in  Switzerland, 
but  I  do  not  know  whence  Kipling  got  the 
title.  He  told  me,  however,  that  it  had  been 
floating  in  his  mind  for  some  time  before  the 
occasion  for  the  verses  arose.  The  facts  of 
their  composition  constitute  so  remarkable 
an  illustration  of  his  genius  as  to  be  worth 
mention,  and  I  think  he  will  not  mind  their 
narration. 

The  news  of  the  Canadian  diminution  of 
the  duty  on  imports  from  England  arrived 
one  Saturday  morning.  I  was  then  staying 
at  Torquay,  and  Kipling,  who  was  living 
near,  came  over  the  following  Monday  morn- 
ing. He  spoke  of  the  Canadian  action,  and 
said  that,  while  cycling  the  day  before,  some 
lines  had  come  into  his  mind  about  it,  but  he 
had  not  written  them  down.  He  recited 
them  to  me,  and  said  that  he  thought  of 
working  them  up  for  a  week  or  two  and  then 
publishing  them.  I  urged  him  to  do  so  at  once, 
while  the  subject  was  fresh  in  the  mind  of 
the  public  (we  were  sitting  in  a  garden  looking 
over  the  bay  towards  the  west).  He  said,  "I 
will  come  to  your  rooms,  then,  and  write  them 
out."  He  did  so,  and  then  read  them,  dis- 
cussed a  line  or  two,  made  a  few  alterations, 
wrote  them  out  again,  put  them  in  an 
envelope  for  the  Times,  and  dismissed  them 
from  his  mind.  After  lunch  I  sent  them  off 
by  train  ;  they  appeared  in  the  Times  next 
morning,  and  the  same  evening,  having  been 
telegraphed  to  Canada,  were  recited  there  at 
a  meeting  of,  I  think,  the  imperial  League. 
The  verses  seem  to  me  a  marvellous  example 
of  work  struck  off  while  the  iron  is  still  glow- 
ing on  the  anvil,  their  spirit  breathing  the 
warmth  of  feeling  which  inspired  them,  and 
their  form  more  effective  than  that  which  any 
hammering  at  the  cold  metal  could  produce. 
The  Canadian  objection  to  their  title  is  surely 
an  instance  alike  of  ingratitude  and  of 
perverted  over-sensitiveness. 

WILLIAM  R.  GOWERS,  M.D. 

The  phrase  is  at  least  seven  or  eight  cen- 
turies old,  and  the  title  of  "  Our  Lady  of  the 
Snow  (or  Snows)"  is  known  to  every  well 
informed  Catholic. 

"Sancta  Maria  ad  Nives"  is  one  of  the 
several  titles  given  in  the  course  of  ages  to 
the  great  basilica  in  Rome  dedicated  to  Our 
Lady,  and  now  generally  known  as  that 


of    Santa  Maria  Maggiore,  or  Saint  Mary 
Major. 

The  French  expression  "Notre  Dame  des 
Nieges"  or  "Sainte  Marie  des  Nieges"  is 
equivalent  to  the  German  "Maria  zum 
Schnee,"  the  Italian  "La  Madonna  della 
Neve,"  and  the  Spanish  "Maria  de  las 
Nieves."  The  last  was  the  baptismal  name 
of  the  princess  of  Braganza  who  in  1871 
became  the  wife  of  Alphouso  de  Bourbon, 
brother  of  Don  Carlos,  and  no  doubt  the 
motive  of  her  being  so  called  was  the  fact 
that  she  was  born  on  5  August  (1852),  the 
day  of  the  dedication  of  the  said  basilica, 
which  in  the  Roman  kalendar  was  observed 
as  a  feast  of  St.  Mary  under  the  above  title. 
It  is  of  interest  to  note  further  that  it  was 
not  owing  to  her  complexion,  but  to  her 
baptismal  name  of  Maria  de  las  Xieves,  that 
this  Spanish  princess  was  popularly  known 
as  Dofia  Blanca. 

The  pious  legend  to  which  the  "pretty 
phrase"  no  doubt  owes  its  origin  is  given 
in  extenso  in  the  Roman  Breviary  for  the 
Nones  of  August.  There  it  is  related  how 
one  John,  a  Roman  patrician,  and  his  wife, 
having  a  large  fortune,  but  no  children  to 
inherit  it,  vowed  their  wealth  to  the  service 
of  the  Mother  of  God.  They  were,  however, 
at  a  loss  to  know  how  best  to  dispose  of  it. 
After  they  had  sought  Divine  guidance  in 
prayer,  the  Virgin  Mary  is  said  to  have 
appeared  to  each  separately  in  sleep,  as  also 
to  the  reigning  Pontiff,  Pope  Liberius,  and  to 
have  made  it  clear  to  them  that  she  desired 
that  the  money  should  be  devoted  to  the 
building  of  a  church  in  her  honour.  On  the 
same  night,  though  it  was  August,  snow  fell 
on  the  Esquiline  hill.  This  occurrence  was 
taken  to  be  a  supernatural  indication  of  the 
site  chosen.  The  plan  of  the  church  was 
marked  out  in  the  snow  as  it  lay  on  the 
ground,  "deep  and  crisp  and  even,"  and  the 
church  was  commenced  forthwith.  It  was 
at  first  known  in  history  as  the  Liberian 
Basilica ;  it  was  later  on  practically  rebuilt 
—and  dedicated  to  the  Mother  of  God— by 
Sixtus  III.  It  may  be  conjectured  that  it 
was  in  connexion  with  this  dedication  that 
the  aforesaid  legend  sprang  up,  but  appa- 
rently not  for  some  hundreds  of  years  after- 
wards. Be  this  as  it  may,  however,  the  truth 
of  the  legend  seems  to  lack  any  solid  evi- 
dence in  its  support.  (Cf.  'The  Holy  lear 
of  Jubilee,'  by  the  Rev.  H.  Thurston,  S.J., 
pp.  197  et  seqq.) 

In  the  thirteenth  century  the  feast  pt 
S.  Maria  ad  Nives  was  not  universally  ob- 
served in  the  Church  ;  on  the  other  hand, 
before  the  time  of  Paul  IV.  in  1558  the  feast 


312 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  i.  APRIL  ie,  190*. 


had  so  greatly  spread  that  that  Pontiff  was 
induced  to  transfer  the  feast  of  St.  Dominic 
from  the  5th  to  the  4th  of  August.  The  office 
of  the  feast  was  enjoined  on  the  entire  world 
by  Pope  St.  Pius  V,  (cf.  Dom  Geranger, 
'  L'Annee  Liturgique  ').  The  feast  was  kept 
by  the  Carthusians,  Benedictines,  Dominicans, 
Franciscans,  Carmelites,  and  others,  as  also 
in  the  Mozarabic  and  Ambrosian  Liturgies 
and  in  the  Sarum  Rite.  In  the  'Martiloge 
after  the  Use  of  the  Chirche  of  Salisbury' 
we  read  for 

"  The  v.  day  of  August.    Addicyons.    In  englonde 

at  douer  the  feest  of  S.  Thomas  a  monk At  rome 

ye  feast  of  our  lady,  called  ye  feast  of  say't  Mary  at 
the  snowe,  bycause  the  fyrst  chirche  of  our  lady  in 
rome  was  buylded  by  a  reuelacyon,  &  a  miracle  of 
snowe  y*  fell  there  in  grete  quantite  the  v.  day  of 
August." 

In  the  Aberdeen  Breviary  (ed.  1509-10) 
we  have  the  whole  story  given  at  even 
greater  length  than  in  the  Roman  Breviary, 
though  the  accounts  are  substantially  the 
same ;  but  the  former  Breviary  is  founded 
on  that  of  Salisbury.  Finally,  when  Bene- 
dict XIV.  collected  evidence  on  the  subject, 
the  earliest  authority  he  could  find  for  the 
legend  was  that  of  Pope  Nicholas  IV.  in  1287, 
who  reported  the  tradition  in  his  time.  Hence 
the  phrase  dates  back  at  least  to  the  thirteenth 
century. 

Many  no  doubt  are  the  shrines  in  various 
countries  known  under  this  title.  I  may 
instance  the  Snow  Kirk  (S.  Maria  ad  Nives), 
which  was  founded  by  Bishop  Elphinstone  in 
1497,  and  became  the  parish  church  of  Old 
Aberdeen.  It  was  a  beautiful  little  church 
of  pure  Scottish  Gothic,  but  it  was  destroyed 
under  Principal  Guild,  of  King's  College,  in 
1643.  It  occupied  the  site  of  what  is  now 
called  the  Snow  Kirkyard,  the  R.C.  burying- 
ground.  The  little  rustic  chapel  of  "  Maria 
zum  Schnee,"  which  stands  at  an  altitude  of 
8,411  ft.,  amidst  the  snows  and  glaciers  of 
Switzerland,  by  the  side  of  the  famous 
bchwarzsee,  or  il  Black  Lake,"  and  at  the  foot 
of  the  great  snow-white  Matterhorn,  is  also 
of  interest.  This  shrine  too  has  its  legend, 
but  it  will  suffice  here  merely  to  recall  its 
name.  The  Tablet  of  24  August,  1895,  gives 
the  details.  Many  an  adventurous  Alpine 
climber  has  passed  it  by,  or  entered  in  to 
pray,  before  attempting  to  scale  the  dangerous 
peak  above.  j^  w. 

See  Butler's  'Lives  of  the  Saints,'  sub 
5  August,  "The  dedication  of  St.  Mary  ad 
Nives." 

^  The  Canadian  legend  of  Our  Lady  of  the 
snows  is  most  interesting,  and  is  beautifully 
told  in  Canadian  Ballads,'  by  the  Hon.  T.  D. 


McGee.  Shortly  the  story  runs  as  follows. 
"  In  the  old  times,  when  France  held  sway," 
a  noble  Breton  cavalier,  whose  home  was 
beside  the  "  Rivers  Three,"  had  always  made 
it  his  pious  custom  to  repair  to  the  "  Ville 
Marie  (Montreal)  for  his  Christmas  duties. 
On  the  particular  occasion  which  the  ballad 
chronicles  the  snow  fell  thick  and  fast,  and 
eventually  the  cavalier's  horse  succumbed  to 
cold  and  fatigue,  fell  "  stiff  as  a  steed  of  stone," 
and  became  the  prey  of  the  howling  wolves. 
The  ballad  proceeds  : — 

Sad  was  the  heart  and  sore  the  plight 
Of  the  benumbed,  bewildered  knight, 
Now  scrambling  through  the  storm  ; 
At  every  step  he  sank  apace. 
The  death-dew  freezing  on  his  face. 
In  vain  each  loud  alarm. 
Down  on  his  knees  himself  he  cast, 
Deeming  that  hour  to  be  his  last, 
Yet  mindful  of  his  faith. 
He  prayed  St.  Catherine  and  St.  John, 
And  o\ir  dear  Lady  called  upon 
For  grace  of  happy  death. 
When  lo !  a  light  beneath  the  trees, 
Which  clank  their  brilliants  in  the  breeze, 
And  lo  !  a  phantom  fair  ! 
As  God  is  in  heaven  !  by  that  blest  light 
Our  Lady's  self  rose  to  his  sight, 
In  robes  that  spirits  wear  ! 
....... 

All  trembling,  as  she  onward  smiled, 
Followed  that  knight  our  Mother  mild, 
Vowing  a  grateful  vow  ; 
Until,  far  down  the  mountain  gorge, 
She  led  him  to  an  antique  forge, 
Where  her  own  shrine  stands  now. 

"Fronting  on  Sherbrooke-street  [Montreal]  a 
wall  of  defence  and  two  towers  are  still  erect,  to 
show  you  where  once  stood  Our  Lady  of  the  Snows. 

The  present  chapel  of  the  name  is  in  the  village 

of  Cote  des  Neiges,  behind  the  mountain."-  '  De- 
votion to  the  B.V.M.  in  N.  America,'  by  the  Rev. 
X.  D.  Macleod  (New  York),  pp.  139-43. 

HELLIER  R.  H.  GOSSELIN-GRIMSHAWE. 

Bengeo  Hall,  Hertford. 

I  may  remind  OXONIENSIS  that  the  Basilica 
of  S.  Maria  Maggiore  at  Rome  was  founded  on 
a  spot  which  the  Blessed  Virgin  pointed  out 
by  means  of  a  miraculous  fall  of  snow  on  the 
5th  of  August,  352.  "This  legend,"  wrote 
Augustus  J.  C.  Hare, 

"  is  commemorated  every  year  on  the  5th  of  August, 
the  festa  of  La  Madonna  della  Neve,  when,  during 
a  solemn  high  mass  in  the  Borghese  chapel,  showers 
of  white  rose-leaves  are  thrown  down  constantly 
through  two  holes  in  the  ceiling  '  like  a  leafy  mist 
between  the  priests  and  worshippers.'  "•  -'  Walks 
in  Rome,'  vol.  ii.  p.  83. 

If  the  weather  should  continue  its  arctic 
practices  of  the  last  few  years,  genuine  snow 
may  again  fall  on  the  Esquiline  in  August. 

At  Toledo  there  is  a  church,  Santa  Maria  la 
Blanca,  connected  with  a  legend  resembling 


10*  S.  I.  APRTL  16,  1904.]          NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


313 


that  which  belongs  to  S.  Maria  Maggiore, 
and,  I  think,  identical : — 

"The  origin  of  the  name dates  from  the  fourth 

century,  when  Our  Lady  in  a  miraculous  vision  is 
said  to  have  chosen  the  spot  for  the  erection  of  a 
church  in  her  honour,  wnich  was  covered  with 
snow.  Pope  Liberius  then  ordered  the  church  to 
be  built  and  consecrated  to  the  White  Lady — 
Nuestra  Senora  la  Blanca." 

Thus  did  the  late  Miss  Hannah  Lynch 
express  herself  in  'Toledo'  ("Mediaeval 
Towns  "),  P.  238. 

Seville  has  also  a  church  under  the  same 
invocation.  Murillo  took  the  legend  as  a 
subject  of  pictures  for  its  adornment.  The 
purity  of  snow,  I  imagine  it  was,  that  led 
to  its  being  associated  with  Our  Lady  in 
traditions.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

[MB.  GEORGE  ANGUS  is  also  thanked  for  a  reply.] 


AMERICAN  LOYALISTS  (10th  S.  i.  269). — The 
record  of  compensation  paid  to  the  United 
Empire  Loyalists  is  incomplete.  A  part  is, 
I  believe,  preserved  at  the  Treasury  ;  the 
remainder  of  the  roll  is  in  the  United  States 
— I  understand,  in  the  Record  Office  at 
Washington.  This  portion  has  been,  I  am 
told,  destroyed  to  a  great  extent  by  neglect 
and  exposure  ;  but  I  am  informed  that  its 
publication  will  shortly  take  place.  H.  M.  H. 
might  obtain  fuller  information  as  to  this 
from  the  secretary  of  the  United  Empire 
Loyalists'  Association  at  Toronto.  U.E.L. 

Egerton  Ryerson's  '  Loyalists  of  America,' 
vol.  ii.  pp.  159-82,  may  help  H.  M.  H.  The 
introduction  to  Lorenzo  Sabine's  '  American 
Loyalists '  is  also  useful.  Both  these  writers 
give  as  their  chief  authority  John  Eardley 
Wilmot's  '  Historical  View  of  the  Commission, 
with  Account  of  the  Compensation  granted 
by  Parliament.'  Wilmot  was  chairman  of 
the  Commission.  His  book  is  sometimes  to 
be  found  in  second-hand  bookshops,  and  is 
very  likely  in  the  British  Museum.  Van 
Tyne's  '  Loyalists '  is  a  small  book  lately 
published.  I  have  not  read  it,  but  it  may 
give  information.  Xo  one  has  yet  done 
justice  to  the  unhappy  Loyalists. 

M.  N.  G. 

'EXAMINATION  OF  AN  OLD  MANUSCRIPT' 
(10th  S.  i.  259). — I  appreciate  your  good  in- 
tentions in  finding  room  for  a  notice  of  my 
investigation  into  an  'Old  Manuscript';  but 
your  intentions  are,  I  fear,  made  of  none 
effect  by  the  writer  of  the  notice.  May  I 
state  that  the  MS.  in  question  is  not  the 
"first  leaf"  (afterwards  reduced  to  a  page) 
of  any  "  work,"  but  a  quire  of  eighty-eight 
—originally  ninety-six—pages?  The  "leaf" 


referred  to  was  really  and  only  the  front  half 
of  the  cover.  The  so-called  "  work  "  is  merely 
a  collection  of  written  copies  of  miscellaneous 
papers  and  groups  of  papers  numbering  six- 
teen separate  compositions  ;  and  so  far  from 
being  anonymous,  the  authors  of  all  but  one 
are  well  known.  Nor  has  this  collection  ever 
been  called  '  The  Conference  of  Pleasure.'  I 
show  clearly,  at  the  outset,  that  Spedding 
published  a  group  of  four  of  the  sixteen 
papers,  to  which  group  he  wrongly  gave 
the  title  '  A  Conference,'  &c. ;  while  Bacon's 
own  title  and  sub-titles  were  before  him  in 
the  page  of  scribble  !  Further,  the  names  of 
Shakespeare  and  others  had  little  or  nothing 
to  do  with  my  "conclusion,"  although  the 
relations  I  have  described  between  the  scrib- 
bler and  the  men  named  powerfully  support 
that  conclusion.  Finally,  to  the  writer's 
"  Voila  tout,"  I  answer  "  Ce  n'est  pas  tout"  ; 
for  over  and  above  my  identification  of  the 
scribbler  (which  is  not  unimportant),  my 
essay  has  bearings  of  which  the  greater 
importance  will  be  recognized  by  every 
educated  reader.  T.  LE  M.  DOUSE. 

OPROWER  (10th  S.  i.  227).— This  is  a  strange 
family  name,  whatever  it  means.  It  would 
seem  to  be  Dutch  or  Flemish.  Opi'oer  in 
Dutch  is  uproar  in  English,  Aufruhr  in  Ger- 
man, and  means  bustle,  as  well  as  the  more 
riotous-sounding  uproar.  I  cannot  find  Bustle 
either  in  Directory  or  Blue-Book,  but  there 
are  plenty  of  Bussells,  which  is  perhaps  much 
the  same  thing.  ALDENHAM. 

Is  not  this  a  dialectal  form  of  the  English 
word  "  approver  "  ]  OSWALD  J.  REICHEL. 

"  SCOLE  INN,"  NORFOLK  (10th  S.  i.  248).— 
What  the  inscriber  of  the  print  evidently 
meant  to  say  is  that "  Scole  Inn"  is  remarkable 
for  being  about  equidistant  between  Norwich 
on  the  north  road  and  Ipswich  on  the  south, 
i.e.,  twenty  miles,  the  village  of  Scole  being 
a  great  thoroughfare  on  the  high  road  from 
Ipswich  to  Norwich  and  Yarmouth,  and 
that  the  notable  circumstance  concerning 
the  village  is  that  its  inn  is  distinguished 
in  more  ways  than  one  as  a  resting-place 
for  travellers  between  those  parts.  It  was  built 
by  John  Peck,  a  merchant  of  Norwich,  in 
1655.  It  was  a  large  structure,  ornamented 
with  a  profusion  of  carved  work  the  size  of 
life.  Peck's  arms  and  those  of  his  wife  were 
placed  over  the  entrance  porch.  Among  the 
carvings  was  the  figure  of  an  astronomer 
seated  on  a  circumferenter  (a  theodolite), 
which  by  a  secret  device  acted  as  a  hygro- 
meter. In  fine  weather  it  turned  towards 
the  north,  and  when  it  rained  faced  the 


314 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  i.  APRIL  is,  190*. 


quarter  whence  the  rain  came.  This  remark- 
able sculpture  in  wood  was  executed  by  an 
artisan  named  Fairchild,  and  cost  1,057£. 
The  inn  also  contained  a  large  round  bed, 
capable  of  accommodating  forty  persons.  It 
would  be  interesting  to  know  what  has 
become  of  these  antiquities.  Are  any  of 
them  still  in  situ?  and,  if  not,  where  may 
they  be  seen  ?  J.  HOLDEN  MAC-MICHAEL. 

This  does  not  seem  to  be  a  difficult  problem. 
The  '  Promptorium  Parvulorum '  was  written 
at  Lynn,  and  contains  many  Norfolk  words. 
It  has  the  entry  :  "  Scale,  to  wey  wy  the,  scale, 
balawnce,  Libra,  balanx  vel  bilanx."  That  is, 
scole  is  an  old  Norfolk  word  for  a  pair  of 
scales.  And  seeing  that  the  arms  of  a  pair  of 
scales  are  of  equal  length,  it  appears  that  the 
"  Scole  Inn  "  was  so  called  because  it  was  at 
equal  distances  from  four  towns  which  are 
named,  the  distance  in  each  case  being 
twenty  miles. 

It  is  obvious  that  this  is  only  a  medieval 
joke  ;  for  the  conditions  are  hardly  possible. 
Neither  are  the  arms  of  the  balance  straight. 
There  is  actually  a  village  called  Scole,  near 
the  river  Waveney,  a  little  below  Diss  ;  and 
this  is  somewhere  near  the  position.  It  is, 
as  the  crow  flies  and  roughly  speaking,  about 
seventeen  miles  from  Norwich,  nineteen  from 
Thetford,  twenty-one  from  Bury,  and  twenty- 
two  from  Ipswich.  And  the  "  Scole  Inn  "  may 
really  have  meant  the  inn  at  Scole.  If  this  is 
not  correct,  perhaps  we  may  hope  to  be  told 
where  the  inn  actually  stood. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

If  a  misprint  in  the  I  for  r,  the  meaning 
is  clear ;  or  could  it  be  a  joke  on  schola, 
accommodation  for  learned  conversational- 
ists? HAROLD  MALET,  Colonel. 

The  late  Rev.  C.  R.  Manning,  of  Diss,  a 
frequent  contributor  to  '  N.  &  Q.,'  informed 
me  that  he  traced  the  name  to  a  shoal  in  the 
river  Waveney,  utilized  by  travellers. 

A.  HALL. 

"KICK  THE  BUCKET"  (10th  S.  i.  227).— This 
phrase  is  probably  drawn  from  the  expe- 
rience of  milking,  in  which  it  is  not  an 
unusual  occurrence  for  a  restive  cow  by 
an  unhappy  kick  to  upset  a  pail  full  of 
milk ;  '  for  we  must  needs  die,  and  are  as 
water  spilt  on  the  ground,  which  cannot  be 
gathered  up  again  "  (2  Samuel  xiv.  14). 

W.  C.  B. 

/  ^MDEN  °N  SURNAMES  :  MUSSELWHITE 
(10th  S.  i.  248).— The  passage  required  may 
be  in  the  author's  'Britannia,'  to  which  I 
cannot  at  present  refer,  but  it  is  also  con- 
tained in  his 'Remaines,' arid  runs  as  follows  • 


"  Neither  is  there  any  village  in  Normandy,  that 
gave  not  denomination  to  some  family  in  England  ; 
in  which  number  are  all  names,  having  the  French 
De,  Du,  Des,  De-la  prefixt,  and  beginning  or  ending 
with  Font,  Fant,  Beau,  Sainct,  Mont,  Bois,  Aux, 
Eux,  Vail,  Vaux,  Cort,  Court,  Fort,  Champ,  Vil, 
which  is  corruptly  turned  in  some  into  Feld,  as  in 
Baskerfeld,  Somerfeld,  Dangerfeld,  Trublefeld, 
Greenefeld,  Sackefeld,  for  Baskervil,  Somervil, 
Dangervil,  Turbervil,  Greenevil,  Sackvil ;  and  in 
others  into  Well,  as  Boswell  for  Bossevil,  Freshwell 
for  Freshevil." — Camden's  'Remaines,'  London, 
1614,  p.  113. 

The  only  change  in  the  spelling  I  have  made 
is  to  put  v  instead  of  u  in  such  words  as 
Baskervil.  JOHN  T.  CURRY. 

May  not  Mussell  be  derived  from  the 
mollusc?  A  Nicholas  le  Musele  is  found 
"  Placit :  in  Dom.  Cap.  Westminster,"  and  the 
humble  barnacle  and  whelk  both  lent  their 
names  to  human  beings. 

Camden  refers  to  the  Norman  origin  of 
many  English  surnames  in  his  'Remains 
concerning  Britain'  (p.  118,  ed.  M.  A.  Lower, 
1870) ;  and  there  is  much  information  on  the 
subject  in  chap.  vii.  of  the  late  Canon  Isaac 
Taylor's  well-known  '  Words  and  Places.' 

A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

"  Neither  is  there  any  village  in  Normandy 
that  gave  not  denomination  to  some  family 
in  England  "  occurs  at  p.  118  in  John  Russell 
Smith's  edition  of  Camden's  '  Remains.' 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

LATIN  LINES  (10th  S.  i.  248).— The  lines  are 
leonine  verse,  and  I  think  should  be  read  : — 

Hse  [sc.  literae]  regis  natte  sunt  mentis,  ibique  locates, 
Per  quas  irrores  nos,  Christe,  docendo,  sorores. 
O  felix  anima  quse  non  descendit  ad  ima 
Ut  facie  cseli  potiatur  luce  fideli ! 
Virgineus  coetus,  perdulci  carmine  Ijetus, 
Gaudet  in  aeternum  regem  speculando  supermini 
Hoc  nobis  dona  sanctorum  Christe  corona 
Sedibus  aeternis  quo  sociemur  eia. 

These  (pictures  or  letters)  are  sprung  from 
the  king's  mind,  and  are  placed  there  that 
by  them,  by  their  teaching,  thou  mayest 
refresh  the  sisters. 

0  happy  spirit  which  does  not  go  down  to  the  pit 
That  it  may  enjoy  the  face  of  heaven  in  loyal  light. 
The  assembly  of  maidens,  rejoicing  in  sweet  har- 
mony, 

Rejoices  for  ever  gazing  on  the  king  supernal ; 
Therefore  present  us,  0  Christ,  with  the  crown  of 

the  saints, 
That  we  may  be  joined  to  them  in  eternal  abodes. 

1  take  it  that  "  nobis  dona  corona"  is  careless 
Latin  for  "  nobis  dona  coronam." 

HERBERT  A.  STRONG. 
University,  Liverpool. 

TASSO  AND  MILTON  (10th  S.  i.  202,  249).— 
Voltaire  has  something  to  say  on  this  subject, 
and  as  his  remarks  are  very  sensible  they 


s.  L  APRIL  16,  loot.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


315 


may  be  worth  quoting.  The  following  is 
from  his  account  of  Milton  in  the  '  Essai  sur 
la  Poesie  Epique' : — 

"II  a  pu  prendre  dans  le  Tasse  la  description  de 
I'enfer,  le  earactere  de  Satan,  le  conseil  des  demons : 
imiter  ainsi,   ce   n'est   point  etre   plagiaire,  c'est 
lutter,  comme  dit  Boileau,  contre    son    original ; 
c'est  enrichir  sa  langue  des  beanie's  des  langues 
^trangeres;    c'est  nourrir  son  genie  et  Paccroitre 
du  genie  des  autres  ;  c'est  ressembler  k  Virgile,  qui 
imita  Homere.    Sana  doute  Milton  a  joute"  contre  le 
Tasse  avec  des  armes  in^gales;  la  langue  anglaise  ne 
pouvait  rendre  I'harmonie  des  vers  italiens  : — 
Chiama  gli  abitatori  dell'  ombre  eterne 
II  rauco  suon  della  tartarea  tromba ; 
Treman  le  spaziose  atre  caverne, 
E  P  aer  cieco  a  quel  rumor  rimbomba,  &c. 
Cependant  Milton  a  trouve  Part  d'imiter  heureuse- 
ment  tous  ces  beaux  morceaux.    II  est  vrai  que  ce 
qui  n'est  qu'un  episode  dans  le  Tasse  est  le  sujet 
meme  dans  Milton ;  il  est  encore  vrai  que,  sans  la 
peinture  des  amours  d'Adam  et  d'Eve,  comme  sans 
F'amour  de  Renaud  et  d'Armide,  les   diables  de 
Milton  et  du  Tasse  n'auraient  pas  eu  un  grand 
eucces." 

W.  R.  B.  PRIDEAUX. 

THE  GERMAN  REPRINT  OF  LEKJARRAGA'S 
BOOKS  (10th  S.  i.  284).— In  line  18  of  my 
article  read  p.  339,  not  p.  399  ;  and  insert 
before  that  item  "p.  120,  v.  9,  loannesez." 

E.  S.  DODGSON. 

MINIATURE  OF  ISAAC  NEWTON  (10th  S.  i. 
248).— MR.  BIRKBECK  may  count  himself 
fortunate  in  possessing  this  miniature,  and 
it  would  be  interesting  to  all  readers  of 
*N.  &  Q.'  to  learn  how  he  came  by  it,  and 
in  whose  possession  it  has  been  since  the 
death  of  Sir  Isaac  in  1726/7.  Of  the  Royal 
Academy  of  Sciences  at  Paris  Sir  Isaac  was 
elected  a  Foreign  Associate  in  1699.  He  had 
been  a  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society  since  1672, 
and  was  elected  its  Presidentin  1703,  continuing 
to  act  as  such  until  his  death.  He  presided 
for  the  last  time  on  28  February,  1726/7, 
and  the  miniature  would  doubtless  be  given 
him  when  he  was  first  elected  President.  Is 
MR.  BIRKBECK,  however,  quite  certain  of  the 
date  on  the  miniature  ]  Sir  Isaac  was  not 
knighted  by  Queen  Anne  until  1705,  two  years 
later  than  the  date  MR.  BIRKBECK  gives.  The 
painter  would  doubtless  be  a  Parisian. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Bradford. 

Sir  Isaac  Newton  was  the  first  President  of 
the  Royal  Society,  and  held  that  position 
from  1703  till  his  death,  which  took  place  on 
20  March,  1727.  The  honour  of  knighthood 
was  conferred  upon  him  by  Queen  Anne  on 
15  April,  1705.  The  Museum  of  the  Royal 
Society  was  commenced  in  1665,  and  the 
account  of  its  rarities  in  Hatton's  '  London,' 
1708,  occupies  twenty  pages,  which  probably 


was    known    as    the    "Royal    Academy    of 
Sciences."  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

WILLIAM  WILLIE  (10th  S.  i.  67,  257).— MR. 
F.  A.  HOPKINS  gives  a  very  interesting  paper 
as  to  "double  names."  The  practice  of 
duplicating  names  in  a  family  was  very 
common  in  my  younger  days.  If  a  John 
Smith  died,  his  parents  would  almost  as  a 
matter  of  course  christen  another  child  John, 
and  this  was  found  to  be  the  explanation 
of  many  apparently  wonderful  records  of 
longevity.  John  Smith,  born  in  1780,  dies, 
and  another  John  appears,  maybe  ten  or 
fifteen  years  afterwards ;  but  the  birthday 
of  his  elder  brother  is  claimed  for  him,  and 
the  register  of  the  baptism  seems  to  prove 
that  he  is  ten  or  fifteen  years  older  than  he 
really  is.  But  what  seems  curious  to  me  is 
how  few  double  names  of  any  kind  were  in 
use  seventy  or  eighty  years  ago.  I  had  as  a 
child  fully  thirty  near  relatives,  brothers, 
sisters,  uncles,  and  aunts,  and  none  had  two 
names.  I  had  at  school  some  thirty-five 
companions,  and  not  one  had  two  names 
except  myself.  What  a  curious  contrast  to 
the  present  order  of  things  !  G.  C.  W. 

John  Sylvester  John  Gardiner,  D.D.,  was 
rector  of  Trinity  Church,  Boston,  United 
States,  and  died  in  1830.  His  first  and  third 
Christian  names  were  the  same,  and  he  seems 
to  have  been  named  after  his  father,  grand- 
father, and  great-grandfather,  who  were  all 
distinguished  men  in  New  England.  Dr. 
Gardiner  was  learned,  eloquent,  and  witty. 
He  was  the  founder  of  that  valuable  library 
and  museum,  the  Boston  Athenseum. 

M.  N.  G. 

[The  question  of  the  rarity  of  the  early  use  of 
double  Christian  names  has  been  discussed.  See 
6th  S  vii.  119,  172 :  viii.  153,  273,  371 ;  ix.  36,  438 ; 
x.  214,  333 ;  9th  S.  vi.  107,  217.] 

SLEEP  AND  DEATH  (9th  S.  xii.  389,  512).— 
Most  poets  and  many  prose  writers  have 
touched  upon  this  obvious  simile.  ^Passages 
have  been  heaped  together  in  '  N.  &  Q.,' 
2nd  S  v.  229 ;  3rd  S.  ix.  413  ;  4th  S.  viii.  161, 
336  ;  but  especially  at  1st  S.  ix.  346.  I  can  add 
these  further  references  :— 

Boyle's  '  Reflections,'  1665,  i.  211. 

Browne,  Sir  Tho.  (another  passage  quoted  m 
Truths  Illustrated'). 

Butler's  '  Analogy.' 

Byron,  '  Sardanapalus,'  iv.  1 ;    Lara,  i.  29. 

Codd,  E.  T.,  '  Sermons,'  p.  1. 

How  ell's  '  Instructions,'  Arber,  p.  24. 

Johnson,  '  Adventurer,'  No.  39. 

Longfellow,  '  Sleeping  Child. 

Ovid,  '  Eleg.,'  ii.  9  (tr.  by  Marlowe,  18,0,  p.  2to). 

Owen,  'Epigrams'  (second  collection,  JNo.  IV6). 


316 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  i.  APRIL  is, 


Pope,  Homer. 

Psalms,  Bible  Yers.,  xiii.  3. 

Randolph,  T.,  'Poems,'  1668,  p.  311. 

Sackville,  '  Mirror  for  Magistrates,'  induction. 

Seneca,  '  Hercules.3 

Shakespeare,  'Mids.  N.  D.,'III.  ii. ;  and  Sonnet  73. 

Shelley,  '  Alastor '  (and  often). 

Taylor,  'Holy  Dying,'  1857,  pp.  4,  260. 

Tennyson,  '  In  Menioriam,'  Ixvii. 

White,  H.  K.  (often). 

Young,  '  Night  Thoughts,'  Nights  i.  ii. 

Unfortunately  I  have  not  preserved  notes 
of  volume  and  page  in  every  case.  At  1st  S. 
ix.  346  for  "  Dennis,  Sophonisba,"  read  Den- 
ham,  Sophy.  W.  C.  B. 

Hesiod  has  the  following  line : — 
•>*!  8'  '"Yirvov  fif.ro.  \fp(rL  Ko.ariyvrjTOV  Qav-droio. 

1  Theogony,'  756. 

Shelley  begins  one  of  his  poems  thus  : — 
How  wonderful  is  Death , 
Death  and  his  brother  Sleep  ! 

I  have  met  with  the  same  expression  in  a 
minor  poem  of  Butler,  the  author  of  '  Hudi- 
bras,'  and  elsewhere.  E.  YARDLEY. 

"I   EXPECT    TO    PASS    THROUGH"  (10th   S.    i. 

247).— I  feel  absolutely  convinced  that  I  saw 
this  quotation  the  other  day  in  Addison's 
Spectator,  the  paragraph  being  written  by 
Addison  himself.  It  would  be  rather  weari- 
some to  me  to  re-read  Addison  throughout  to 
endeavour  to  find  it,  but  I  am  of  firm  belief 
that  if  the  Spectator  were  thoroughly  searched, 
that  search  would  be  rewarded  by  a  dis- 
covery of  the  sentence. 

In  No.  1,  vol.  i.  of  the  Spectator  a  very 
similar  thought  occurs.  Addison  writes 
(Thursday,  1  March,  1710/11)  :— 

"If  I  can  in  any  way  contribute  to  the  diversion 
or  improvement  of  the  country  in  which  I  live,  I 
shall  leave  it,  when  I  am  summoned  out  of  it,  with 
the  secret  satisfaction  of  thinking  that  I  have  hot 
lived  in  vain." 

CHAS.  F.  FOESHAW,  LL.D. 
Bradford. 

"  DISCE  PATI  "(10th  S.  i.  248).-This  motto 
alludes  not  to  the  Camperdown  arms,  but  to 
the  crest,  a  dismasted  ship.  This  ship  is 
accounted  for  in  an  authenticated  heraldic 
tradition  which  says  that  a  member  of  the 
family  who  lived  some  two  hundred  years 
ago,  having  been  supercargo  on  board  a 
vessel  bound  from  Norway  to  his  native 
place,  Dundee,  was  overtaken  by  a 
tremendous  storm,  in  which  the  ship 
became  almost  a  wreck,  and  the  crew  were 
reduced  to  the  utmost  distress.  Contrary, 
however,  to  all  expectations,  they  were 
enabled  to  navigate  their  crazy,  crippled 
bark  into  port,  and  the  parents  of  the  thu 


brtunately  rescued  son  immediately  adopted 
;he  crest  alluded  to,  in  commemoration  of  the 
dangers  their  heir  had  so  providentially 
escaped  from.  See  Burke's  '  Peerage.' 

J.   HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

"  Disce  pati "  is  the  key-note  of  many 
passages  in  the '  De  Imitatione  Christi.'  The 
words  in  conjunction  with  others  will  be 
!ound  in  lib.  i.  cap.  xxiv.  1.  88  :  "  Disce  te 
nunc  in  modico  pati." 

J.  A.  J.  HOUSDEN. 

Canonbury. 

WILLIAM  HARTLEY  (10th  S.  i.  87,  156,  198, 

253). — I  must  apologize  to  MISTLETOE  for  not 

iqmprehending  that  Dr.  Joseph  Hartley  and 

Lieut.-Col.  Joseph  Hartley  were  one  and  the 

same  person.  A.  K.  BAYLEY. 

"  DRUG  IN  THE  MARKET  "  (10th  S.  i.  149, 
235).  —  MR.  MACMICHAEL'S  kind  quotation 
:rom  Brewer's  'Phrase  and  Fable'  puts  me 
into  the  ludicrous  position  of  explaining  that 

am  not  unaware  of  the  existence  of  that 
book.  Some  fifteen  years  ago,  however,  after 
having,  from  my  own  business  experience, 
checked  off  certain  of  its  statements,  I  discon- 
tinued the  use  of  it ;  and  the  1897  edition 
did  not  encourage  me  to  begin  again.  I  am 
not  sure  that  the  quotation  explains  the 
words  "  in  the  market,"  but  I  have  no  wish 
to  argue ;  though  "  rubbish "  is  not  now, 
and  was  not  in  1747,  the  only  meaning  of 
drogue.  I  had  consulted  Skeat's  'Etymolo- 

§ical  Dictionary,'  but  the  Free  Library  here 
oes  not  include  the  '  Concise.'      U.  V.  W. 
Carlisle. 

"  OLD  ENGLAND  "  (10th  S.  i.  189,  255).— The 
fond  term  "Old  England"  is  probably  much 
older  than  the  date,  1641,  which  is  claimed 
for  its  first  use  by  Dr.  Brewer.  Every  one 
in  Norfolk  in  the  olden  time  thought  Wey- 
bourne  Hoop  the  key  of  the  county,  and 
there  is  still  current  a  rime  which  is  probably 
of  ancient  origin  : — 

He  who  would  old  England  win 
Must  at  Weybourne  Hoop  begin. 

See  the  '  Norfolk  Antiquarian   Miscellany,' 
edited  by  Walter  Hye,  1877,  p.  286. 

J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

TIDES  WELL  AND  TIDESLOW  (9th  S.  xii.  341, 
517  ;  10th  S.  i.  52,  91,  190,  228,  278,  292).— I  be- 
lieve SIR  HERBERT  MAXWELL  and  myself  are 
in  substantial  agreement.  The  cases  which  he 
mentions  are  such  as  are  fairly  covered  by 
the  phrase  "  phonetic  causes."  I  fear  he  was 
misled  by  the  unlucky  misprint  of  u  for  nt 
and  by  my  use  of  the  word  "letter."  What  I 
meant  was—"  The  addition  of  a  letter  [i.e.,  a 


s.  i.  APRIL  16,  low.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


317 


letter  representing  a  real  sound],  excepting, 
of  course,  d  after  n  [not  «],  and  similar  well- 
known  insertions  due  to  phonetic  causes,  is 
quiteanother  matter,"  &c.  The  "  excrescent  d  " 
after  n,  as  in  Craigend  for  craigean,  is  due 
to  confusion  with  words  like  sound  (from 
French  son),  and  is  the  very  thing  I  meant. 
It  is  extremely  common,  and  is  explained 
in  my  'Principles  of  Eng.  Etym  ,'  first  series, 
p.  370,  with  many  examples.  Of  course,  in 
this  case  it  is  entirely  wrong,  because  (as  I 
suppose)  the  accent  doesnot  fallen  the  suffix 
-ean ;  but  it  became  possible  by  confusion 
with  other  cases.  Precisely  parallel  to  the 
excrescent  d  in  sound  is  the  excrescent  7) 
after  m,  as  in  Hampstead  :  I  explain  this  in 
the  same  work,  p.  373,  and  cite  as  examples 
em-p-ty,  glim-p-se,  whim-p-er,  sem-p-ster :  to 
which  add  Dem-p-ster.  I  also  show  (p.  370) 
that  d  occurs,  similarly,  after  I,  as  in 
al-d-er  (the  tree),  &c.  ;  so  also  Tinwald, 
where  the  d  shows  that  some  people,  at  some 
time,  turned  the  II  into  Id,  whether  it  is  done 
now  or  not. 

The  second  w  in  Wigtown  is  purely  phonetic ; 
it  shows  that  (it  may  be  long  ago)  the  suffix 
in  this  word  was  once  pronounced  as  in  the 
Scottish  toon,  rhyming  with  boon.  For,  after 
all,  town  is  merely  a  variant  of  tmtn,  the 
Anglo-French  form  of  A.-S.  tun  (pronounced 
toon,  as  above) ;  so  that  Wiy-toivn  was  once 
correct.  But,  of  course,  the  second  syllable 
has  long  since  been  reduced  to  tun  by  lack  of 
emphasis,  and  it  pleased  the  Anglo-French 
scribes  to  write  ton  for  tun,  monk  for  micnk, 
honey  for  huney,  and  the  like,  because  un  (in 
MSS.)  looked  indistinct.  It  is  the  fact  that 
Wigton,  but  not  Wigtoion,  has  lost  a  written  w. 
The  difference  of  spelling  indicates  that  Wig- 
town is  a  name  of  later  date  than  the  other, 
and  that  is  all.  Both  are  now  sounded  alike. 

In  words  like  Carlisle  there  is  no  inserted 
"  letter  "  in  the  sense  I  intended  :  for  the  s 
is  not  sounded.  I  was  referring  to  words  like 
Tideslow,  in  which  it  is  sounded.  There  is, 
however,  an  inserted  "symbol";  which  is  a 
very  different  thing,  and  due,  of  course,  to 
ignorance.  The  beginning  of  it  was  the  Lat. 
insula  ;  this  gave  O.F.  isle,  with  s  sounded. 
But  in  Norman  and  later  French  s  was 
dropped  before  I,  m,  and  n,  and  the  word 
became  really  He;  yet  s  was  still  written, 
and  found  its  way  into  island  and  Carlisle, 
by  mere  mistake.  Strictly,  there  is  no  gain 
of  s,  but  a  loss  not  only  of  s,  but  of  n :  for  we 
started  from  the  form  insula. 

Bardroch-wpod  is  an  excellent  example  ; 
the  ignorant  insertion  of  a  written  w  arose 
from  the  fact  that  theE.  wood  was  frequently 
pronounced  'ood,  as  it  is  still.  It  was  there- 


fore inferred  (through  ignorance)  that  what 
sounded  something  like  Bardrpchood  really 
meant  Bard rpch- wood.  If  this  belief  were 
to  become  universal,  the  sound  of  w,  and  not 
merely  the  symbol,  would  at  last  be  estab- 
lished ;  but  I  seem  to  gather  that  this  has 
not  yet  happened.  Still,  it  may  yet  do  so  ; 
for  the  force  of  "  popular  etymology "  is 
often  considerable.  The  result,  even  then, 
would  be  due  to  the  fact  that  ivood  became 
'ood  in  other  cases. 

After  all,  all  changes  in  the  spoken  names 
must  be  of  phonetic  origin  ;  for  even  when 
due  to  popular  etymology,  they  must  have 
been  suggested  by  analogy  with  some  change 
that  had  such  an  origin.  The  case  of  Tides- 
well  is  quite  different ;  for  if  the  name  could 
be  supposed  to  refer  to  tide,  the  name  would 
be  tide- well.  We  can  here  only  explain  the 
actual  presence  of  an  s  that  is  really  pro- 
nounced by  the  supposition  that  it  has 
always  been  pronounced. 

I  conclude,  as  before,  that  it  is  impossible 
to  discuss  pronunciations  within  reasonable 
limits.  If  I  am  obscure,  it  is  owing  to  the 
necessity  of  being  brief.  I  do  not  believe, 
any  more  than  I  did  before,  that  the  in- 
troduction of  letters  that  represent  real 
sounds  into  words  or  names  that  did  not  once 
possess  them  is  at  all  a  common  phenomenon  ; 
that  is,  when  we  make  due  allowances  for 
such  well-known  instances  as  are  found  in 
em-p-ty,  thun-d-er,  al-d-er,  slum-b-er,  amongs-t, 
most  of  which  are  due  to  what  has  been  so 
happily  called  "  dissimilated  gemination,"  as 
explained  in  my  'Principles  of  Eng.  Etym.,' 
p.  366. 

In  cases  where  place-names  have  been 
wilfully  perverted,  it  has  generally  been  done 
by  force  of  a  popular  etymology  that  tries  to 
give  a  new  meaning  to  a  word.  The  worst 
instances  of  this  character  are  not  those  due 
to  unlearned  people,  but  to  the  shameless 
and  unpardonable  meddlesomeness  of  those 
who  ought  to  know  better,  and  who  imagine 
they  know  what  is  correct  when  they  are  all 
the  while  in  the  blindest  ignorance.  Place- 
names  are  best  preserved  when  they  are  left 
in  the  keeping  of  the  illiterate,  who  speak 
naturally  and  are  not  ambitious  to  be  always 
inventing  theories.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

COBWEB  PILLS  (10th  S.  i.  205,  273).— In  the 
spring  of  1871  1  was  staying  at  Wakefield,  in 
the  house  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Pearson,  an 
old  West  Indian  missionary.  I  was  making 
merry  over  Wesley's  '  Primitive  Physic,'  and 
particularly  over  cobweb  pills  as  a  remedy 
for  ague,  or  for  anything.  Mrs.  Pearson 
quietly  observed,  "You  may  laugh,  but  I 


318 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [10*  s.  i.  APRIL  15,  im. 


have  many  times  cured  Mr.  Pearson  of  ague 
with  cobweb  pills,  when  we  were  abroad.'' 
"Six  middling  pills  of  Cobwebs"  are  pre 
scribed  by  Wesley  "For  an  Ague,"  par.  9 
Mrs.  Pearson  swept  down  the  cobwebs,  anc 
with  bread  mixed  them  into  pills. 

H.  J.  FOSTER. 

WILTON  NUNNERY  (10th  S.  i.  248).— Wilton 
Abbey  was  dissolved  in  the  thirty-fifth  year 
of  Henry  VIII.,  by  whom  the  site  and  build- 
ings were  granted  to  Sir  William  Herbert, 
afterwards  created  Earl  of  Pembroke.  Its 
religious  inmates  were  of  the  Benedictine 
order,  and  seem  to  have  been  usually  selected 
from  among  the  daughters  of  the  nobility. 
At  the  suppression  its  revenues,  according  to 
Dugdale,  were  estimated  at  601J.  11s.  Id.,  but 
Speed  states  their  amount  as  6521.  11s.  5d. 
The  prioress  of  this  nunnery  was,  in  right  of 
her  title,  a  baroness  of  England. 

That  it  was  restored  during  the  reign  of 
Queen  Mary  there  is  no  doubt.  The  former 
abbey  was  then — and  has  been  since — known 
as  Wilton  House.  Soon  after  the  dissolution 
of  Wilton  Abbey,  some  considerable  altera- 
tions were  made  (according  to  Mr.  John 
Britton,  F.S.A.)  in  the  arrangement  of  the 
buildings  for  domestic  purposes,  by  William, 
the  first  Earl  of  Pembroke.  Charles  I.  is 
said  to  have  been  particularly  partial  to 
Wilton,  and  frequently  resided  there.  The 
architects  Holbein,  De  Caus,  Inigo  Jones, 
Webb,  and  others,  were  successively  engaged 
to  enlarge  and  embellish  it.  Edmund  Lodge 
tells  us  that  Queen  Elizabeth  visited  the 
town  in  September,  1579,  and  that  the  Court 
resided  here  for  a  short  time  in  October,  1603. 

An  interesting  incident  in  connexion  with 
Wilton  Nunnery  has  hitherto  remained  un- 
recorded in  '  N.  &  Q.'  The  story  runs  that 
in  1299  there  was  a  certain  knight,  Sir  Osborne 
Gifford,  of  Fonthill,  who  stole  out  of  the 
nunnery  of  Wilton  two  fair  nuns  and  carried 
them  off.  This  coming  to  the  ears  of  the 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  John  Peckham, 
he  first  excommunicated  the  said  knight,  and 
then  absolved  him  on  the  following  con- 
ditions :  1,  That  he  should  never  come  within 
any  nunnery,  or  into  the  company  of  a  nun  ; 
2,  that  for  three  Sundays  together  he  should 
be  publicly  whipped  in  the  parish  church  of 
Wilton,  and  as  many  times  in  the  market- 
place and  church  of  Shaf  tesbury ;  3,  that 
he  should  fast  a  certain  number  of  months  ; 
4,  that  he  should  not  wear  a  shirt  for  three 
years;  and  lastly,  that  he  should  not  any 
more  take  upon  him  the  habit  and  title  of  a 
knight,  but  should  wear  apparel  of  a  russet 
colour  until  he  had  spent  three  years  in  the 


Holy  Land.  All  these  penances,  adds  God- 
win, Peckham  made  Gifford  swear  to  perform 
before  he  would  grant  him  absolution. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 
Bradford. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

Microcosmographie  ;  or,  a  Piece  of  the  World  Dis~ 
covered:  in  Essayes  and  Character.-!.     By  John 
Earle.    (Cambridge,  University  Press.) 
WITH  a  reprint  of  Earle's  witty  and  thoughtful 
'  Micrpcosmographie,'  to  a  knowledge  of  the  value 
of  which  the  world  is  tardily  awaking,  the  Cam- 
bridge University  Press  is  beginning  a  series  of 
reprints  certain  to  gladden  the  heart  of  the  scholar, 
the  antiquary,  and  the  bibliophile.    The  series  in 
question,  of  which  the  second  volume  will  consist 
of  Sidney's  '  Defence  of  Poesie,'  is  unlike  anything 
previously  attempted  by  the  Cambridge  Press,  and 
is  (issued  in  a  new  and  an  eminently  artistic  type 
and  in  a  strictly  and  narrowly  limited  edition,  but 
two  hundred  and  twenty-five  copies  in  all  being 
offered  for  sale,  and  the  type,  which  is  reserved  to- 
the  Cambridge  Press,  being  in  the  present  instance 
already  distributed.     How  beautiful  this  type  is, 
and  how  clear  also,  may  be  seen  from  the  work  and 
from  the  prospectus.    Altogether  exquisite  is  the 
reproduction  of  the  title  of  the  sixth  augmented 
edition  of  1633,  with  its  quaint  allegorical  printer's 
mark.    Neither  as  regards  text  nor  punctuation  is 
any  departure  froni  the  original  permitted,  and  the 
masterpieces  of  literature,  to  which  the  series  is 
confined,  will  be  placed  before  the  reader  of  to-day 
as  they  were  seen    by  their  producers.     On  the 
itness  of  Earle's  work  for  revival,  and  on  the  his- 
tory of  its  appearance,  we  commented  (9th  S.  xii. 
358)  in  dealing  with  a  previous,  if  less  ambitious, 
reprint  of  the  same  edition.    Seventy-eight  "cha- 
racters "  appear  in  this,  as  against  fifty-four  in 
:he  first  edition,  which  bears  date  1628.     Earle's 
'  Microcosmographie,'  it  may  be  mentioned,  was 
translated  into  French  —  no  common  fate  at  that 
;ime  for  an  English  book  —  so  early  as  1679  under 
the  title  of  '  Le  vice  ridicule  et  la  Vertu  louee.' 

A  greeting  is  merited  by  the  book  for  its  own 
sake,  as  introducing  to  general  notice  one  of  the 
nost  characteristic  works  of  early  Stuart  times. 
tfo  less  welcome  is  it  as  proof  of  the  resolution  of  a 
great  University  Press  to  be  known  as  producers 
of  beautiful  works.  No  long  time  can  elapse, 
aking  into  account  circumstances  and  conditions 
of  publication,  before  the  owner  of  these  dainty 
volumes  will  point  to  them  with  pride  upon  his 
shelves,  and  their  possession  will  be  disputed  in 
he  sale-rooms. 

Great  Masters.  Part  XII.  (Heinemann.) 
ANOTHER  part  of  '  Great  Masters  '  maintains  the 
ligh  level,  both  as  regards  selection  and  execution, 
hat  places  the  work  foremost  among  modern  art 
publications.  A  dozen  consecutive  parts  establish 
low  thoroughly  representative  of  the  great  galleries 
of  Europe  the  completed  work  will  be,  and  how 
artistic,  when  competently  exercised,  are  those 
processes  at  which  at  the  outset  we  were  disposed 
to  cavil.  First  of  the  four  plates  constitut- 
ing the  number  comes  Reynolds's  'The  Duchess 
of  Devonshire  and  her  Baby,'  from  the  Duke  of 


L  APRIL  is,  wo*.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


319 


Devonshire's  collection,  a  replica  existing  at  Wind- 
sor Castle.  Far  away  the  most  popular  is  this  of 
many  pictures  of  the  then  celebrated  lady  from  the 
brush  of  the  same  great  artist,  and  it  also  repre- 
sents the  supreme  accomplishment  in  portraiture 
of  the  English  School  of  the  eighteenth  century. 
Quite  delightful  and  exquisitely  easy  and  natural 
is  the  mimic  action  of  the  child.  Wonderful  is  the 
contrast  between  this  seductive  work  and  the  por- 
trait from  the  Berlin  Museum,  by  Albrecht  Diirer, 
of  Hieronymus  Holzschuher,  which  Dr.  Bode  de- 
clares "the  pearl  of  all  Diirer's  portraits."  Con- 
cerning it  the  same  eminent  authority  says  that 
"when  seen  close  it  has  all  the  delicacy  of  a  minia- 
ture, and  yet,  when  beheld  from  a  distance,  it  is 
none  the  less  broadly  effective  and  powerful."  On 
the  technical  qualities  of  the  workmanship,  making 
the  picture  unique  in  its  class,  this  is  not  the  place 
to  comment.  '  A  Fresh  Breeze,'  by  Jacob  van 
Ruijsdael,  from  Lord  Northbrook's  collection,  is  a 
magnificent  seascape,  presenting  a  wildly  tumul- 
tuous sea,  and  informed  by  the  very  spirit  of  the 
wind.  From  the  National  Gallery,  London,  where  it 
constitutes  the  lunette  over  the  artist's  best  picture, 
designed  as  an  altarpiecefor  the  church  of  St.  Fredi- 
ano  at  Lucca,  comes  '  The  Deposition '  of  Francesco 
Francia.  The  flesh  of  the  Christ  is  marvellous,  and 
the  faces  of  the  women  are  beyond  praise.  Fran- 
cesco Francia,  Aurifex,  as  he  described  himself, 
died  in  1517,  and  this  work  has  all  the  qualities  of 
the  century  preceding  his  death. 

Old  Moss  Side.    By  Henry  Thomas  Crofton.    (Man- 
chester, 'City  News'  Office.) 

THIS  is  a  reprint  of  papers  which  have  appeared  at 
intervals  in  the  Manchester  City  News.  They  were 
well  worthy  of  being  reproduced  in  a  permanent 
form,  as  they  record  much  that  is  of  interest  con- 
cerning men  and  things  when  Old  Moss  Side  was 
a  rural  place,  with  neither  churches  nor  chapels, 
and  did  not,  we  believe,  though  of  this  we  are  not 
quite  certain,  possess  one  single  shop.  In  1834  the 
district  had  progressed  so  far  as  to  have  one  public- 
house.  Mr.  Crofton  deals  mainly  with  modern 
times.  There  are,  however,  many  notes  on  family 
history  which  will  be  of  service  to  the  genealogists 
of  the  future,  and  these,  we  are  glad  to  say,  have 
been  indexed  most  carefully. 

As  the  name  of  the  district  indicates,  the  greater 
part  of  its  surface  was  covered  with  peat,  and  as 
a  consequence  the  roads  were  in  a  vile  condition. 
About  seventy  years  ago  one  of  them,  known  as 
Withington  Road,  "  was  such  a  quagmire  that  no 
cart  could  take  a  full  load  along  it."  Those  which 
carried  hay  and  straw  on  the  way  to  Manchester 
had  to  be  accompanied  by  men  armed  with  "  pikels," 
whose  function  it  was  to  hold  up  the  loads  so  as 
to  hinder  the  carts  from  overturning. 

The  writer  records  a  curious  piece  of  folk-lore 
which  is  worthy  of  attention.  There  was  a  place 
called  Twenty  Pits,  which  took  its  name  from  many 
deep  pools.  These  were  probably  of  a  relatively 
modern  date,  as  they  are  believed  to  have  been 
dug  for  the  purpose  of  getting  marl  for  agricultural 
purposes.  These  ponds  were  in  a  secluded  spot, 
and  had  become  the  haunt  of  ducks — wild  ones,  we 
imagine — which  nested  on  their  margins.  School- 
boys used  to  fish  for  sticklebacks  there  in  summer, 
and  elide  and  skate  thereon  in  winter.  As  these 
pools  were  deep,  it  is  not  surprising  that  from  time  to 
time  case«  of  drowning  occurred,  and  that  the  place 
acquired  an  evil  name.  A  malicious  water-hag,  we 


are  told,  dwelt  there  whose  name  was  Jenny  Green- 
teeth.  She  was  in  the  habit  of  seizing  those  who 
came  too  near  her  abode  and  dragging  them  down 
into  its  depths,  and  as  a  matter  of  course  they  were 
seen  no  more.  We  seem  here  to  have  a  tale  much 
older  than  these  ponds — if,  indeed,  they  were 
modern  marl-pits.  Probably  it  is  a  case  of  trans- 
ference from  some  demon-haunted  mere. 

Rosemary  and  Pansies.   By  Bertram  Dobell.    (Pub- 
lished by  the  Author.) 

ALTHOUGH  we  have  a  rule  not  to  review  books  of 
modern  verse,  we  feel  we  must  turn  aside  to  notice 
this  little  collection  by  an  old  friend    who    has 
already  rendered  good  service  to  literature  by  his- 
'  Sidelights  on  Charles  Lamb '  and  his  rediscovery, 
after  two  hundred  and  fifty  years,  of    the  poet 
Traherne.    These  recreations  of  Mr.  Dobell  are  put 
forward  with  such  modesty  as  to  disarm  criticism.. 
In  his  dedication  to  Arthur  H.  Bullen  he  says : — 
I  thought,  old  friend,  a  better  gift  to  bring 
Than  this  poor  garland,  rather  weeds  than  flowers,. 
Not  the  rich  product  of  calm  leisured'hours, 
But  such  as  I  from  toil  and  haste  could  wring. 
The  poems  include  one  'To  J.  W.  E.'    The  initials- 
will  be  recognized  by  lovers  of  old  ballads.     There 
is  one,  '  A  Song  of  Yearning,'  three  verses  of  whichr 
we  quote : — 
Our  eyes  are  dim  with  watching  for  the  dawning  of 

the  day, 
The  yearned-for  day  that 's  coming  when  our  griefs 

shall  melt  away : 
Oh  !  shall  we  never,  never,  of  that  dawn  perceive  a 

ray? 

Must  we  ever  wait  in  vain? 

Might  we  but  live  to  see  the  day  when  ancient 

wrong  departs, 
And  man  no  more  contends  with  man  save  in  the 

peaceful  arts ! 
Oh  what  a  thrill  of  love  and  joy  would  glad  our 

wearied  hearts 

On  such  a  blessed  dawn  ! 

It  is  a  dawn  we'll  hope  for  still,  ev'n  though  we 

hope  in  vain  ; 
We  will  not  think  the  world  was  made  for  naught 

but  care  and  pain  ; 
We'll  still  believe  we  shall  at  last  a  Golden  Age 

attain, 

And  every  dawn  be  blessed  ! 

Mr.  Dobell  is  right  in  the  hope  he  expresses  that, 
whether  the  verse  "attracts  or  repels,"  there  is 
much  in  this  little  volume  "  that  will  to  some  kind 
hearts  the  bard  endear." 

Jesus  Christ  Gure  launaren    Testamentu   Berria. 

(Trinitarian  Bible  Society.) 

WE  understand  these  mysterious  words  on  the 
title-page  of  this  little  volume  to  announce  it  as 
being  a  Basque  version  of  the  New  Testament. 
Hovelacque  tells  us  that  the  Spaniards  have  a  story 
that  the  Devil  spent  seven  long  years  among  the 
Basques  without  succeeding  in  understanding  a 
single  word  of  their  language.  As  we  have  not  even 
served  the  apprenticeship  of  the  Evil  One,  we 
may  be  pardoned  if  we  shrink  from  discussing 
the  merits  of  this  translation,  made  originally  by 
John  Leizarraga  in  1571;  but  as  it  has  had  the 
advantage  of  having  been  revised  by  Mr.  E.  S. 
Dodgson,  we  have  every  confidence  that  it  is  trust- 
worthy. 


320 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  i.  APRIL  IG,  1904. 


The,  Burlington  Magazine.  No.  XIII. 
IN  the  current  number  of  the  Burlington  Magazine 
appears  the  first  part  of  'Comments,'  by  Julia 
Cartwright,  upon  the  drawings  of  J.  F.  Millet  111 
the  collection  of  Mr.  James  Staats  Forbes,  which, 
unfortunately,  that  eminent  collector,  now  defunct, 
•will  be  unable  to  see.  Among  them  are  many  studies 
for  'The  Gleaners.'  Mr.  Lionel  Gust  sends  the 
first  of  a  series  of  papers  on  'Prince  Albert 
as  an  Art  Collector.'  'The  Blue  Porcelain  in 
the  Possession  of  Sir  William  Bennett'  supplies 
some  excellent  coloured  illustrations.  Clayden 
House,  the  seat  of  the  Verneys,  is  well  illustrated. 
Etchings  of  Rembrandt  in  the  Dutuit  Collection 
are  also  reproduced  The  frontispiece  to  the  num- 
ber, not  being  satisfactory  in  all  copies,  is  being 
reprinted. 

Yorbsldre  Notes  and  Queries,  edited  by  Dr- 
•Charles  L.  Forshaw,  has  to  be  added  to  the  long 
list  of  our  descendants.  It  is  issued  in  Bradford, 
and  contains  much  matter  of  moment  to  Yorkshire 
antiquaries. 

STRIKING  proof  how  interest  in  the  drama 
has  revived  during  recent  years  is  shown  in  the 
space  assigned  to  it  in  reviews  and  magazines.  In 
the  Fortnightly,  in  addition  to  a  third  list  of  sig- 
natures "in  support  of  a  movement  to  ameliorate 
the  British  Stage  "—which  includes,  among  others, 
that  of  Mr.  Swinburne  —  letters  concerning  the 
theme  are  published  from  Mary  Anderson  (Madame 
de  Navarro)  and  from  Mrs.  Craigie.  With  what 
the  latter  says  we  find  ourselves  in  full  accord, 
especially  when  she  asks  for  a  list  of  the  instructors. 
Miss  Bateman  also  furnishes  a  rhapsody  con- 
cerning the  new  play  of  Gabriele  D'Annunzio.— -In 
the  Nineteenth  Century  the  stage,  as  such,  has 
tio  place,  but  there  is  an  essay  by  Mr.  De 
Courcy  Laffan  on  '^Eschylus  and  Shakespeare.' 
Mr.  Reginald  J.  Farrer  gives  a  faithful  study  of 
'The  Geisha,'  and  shows  how  closely,  in  her 
most  exalted  aspects  as  in  the  more  debased,  the 
outcome  of  connexion  with  European  so-called 
civilization,  the  Geisha  corresponds  with  the 
Hetaira  of  Athens.  In  relation  to  this  subject  a 
striking  picture  is  afforded  of  the  status  of  the 
Japanese  wife.  Other  articles  of  interest  are  Mr. 
Frederick  Wedmore's  'The  Place  of  Whistler' 
-and  Prof.  Giles's  '  In  Chinese  Dreamland.' — In  the 
Pall  Mall  a  close  study  of  Mr.  Beerbohm  Tree  is 
given  under  the  title,  appropriate,  if  such  ever  was, 
of  '  Master  Workers.'  A  portion  of  the  observa- 
tions upon  Mr.  Tree  are  drawn  from  an  interview. 
It  is  interesting,  in  view  of  Mr.  Tree's  present 
undertakings,  to  find  that  he  thinks  that  in  its 
essence  acting  cannot  be  taught.  Mr.  Archer's 
^  Real  Conversations'  diminish  in  interest  as  they 
recede  from  the  drama,  and  what  he  and  Mr. 
Norman,  M.P.,  have  to  say  concerning  motoring 
has  no  strong  appeal  to  the  world  Mr.  Archer 
ordinarily  addresses. — Scribner's  has  a  paper  on 
'Playgoing  in  London,'  which  is  accurate  in  obser- 
vation, but  of  no  special  significance.  At  any  rate, 
what  is  said  is  sufficiently  eulogistic.  Mrs.  George 
Bancroft's  deeply  interesting  letters  are  concluded, 
.and  will  shortly  be  issued  in  a  separate  form.  They 
are  readable  and  valuable  in  themselves,  and  the 
illustrations  add  greatly  to  their  claims. — To  the 
Cornhill  Mr.  Frederic  Harrison  contributes  an 
estimate  of  Sir  Leslie  Stephen,  which  is  discrimi- 
nating as  well  as  eulogistic.  Mr.  Lang's  paper  on 
'The  Strange  Case  of  David  Dunglas  Home'  is  too 


near  our  own  time  to  figure  among  '  Historical 
Mysteries.'  At  any  rate,  we  find  it  less  interesting 
as  well  as  less  edifying  than  previous  contributions 
under  similar  headings.  Mr.  Alex.  Innes  Shand 
gives  us  a  peep  behind  the  Time*,  for  which  we 
have  long  craved.  It  is  good  so  far  as  it  goes,  but 
inadequate.— Most  interesting  among  the  contents 
of  the  Atlantic  Monthly  is  Mr.  Higginson's  '  Books 
Unread,'  a  good  paper  with  a  suggestive  title. 
'Prescott  the  Man'  and  'Theodor  Mommsen' 
repay  study.  Among  '  True  Poets/  in  an  article 
somewhat  arrogantly  so  named,  is  included  Mrs. 
Marriott- Watson.  —  Mr.  Heneage  Legge  in  the 
Gentleman's  deals  with  '  The  Bridge.'  Under  the 
title  '  A  Curiosity  of  Literature '  Mr.  Barton  Baker 
writes  concerning  James  Merry  and  Hannah  Cowley, 
and  others  of  the  Anna  Matilda  or  Delia  Crusca 
school.  —  '  Feathered  Foragers  '  in  Longman's  is 
excellent,  as  is  'In  Arcady.'  Into  '  At  the  Sign  of 
the  Ship'  Mr.  Lang  admits  a  tribute  to  Canon 
Ainger  other  than  his  own. 

MR.  FROWDE  is  about  to  publish,  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Literature, '  Queen 
Elizabeth  and  the  Levant  Company,'  which  sets 
out  the  details  of  a  curious  diplomatic  and  literary 
incident  in  the  establishing  of  our  trading  relations 
with  Constantinople.  The  volume,  which  will 
include  twenty-six  facsimile  illustrations,  has  been 
edited  by  the  Rev.  H.  G.  Rosedale,  D.D. 


ia 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
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To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
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heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  re.peat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "  Duplicate." 

E.  L.  ("Peacocks'  Feathers  Unlucky").  —  Dis- 
cussed at  great  length,  8th  S.  iv.,  v.,  ix.,  x.,  xi. 

W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY.— Proof  of  Queen's  West- 
minsters shortly. 

R.  S.  ('  Reminiscences  of  Thought  and  Feeling'). 
— Mary  Ann  Kelty,  for  whom  see  '  Diet.  Nat.  Biog.' 

R.  A.  B.  ("I  shall  pass  through  the  world"). — 
See  ante,  pp.  247,  316. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "  The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'" — Adver- 
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Lane,  B.C. 

We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
communications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do  not 
print ;  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


io"  s.  i.  APEU.  16, 1904.];       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

THE    ATHEN51UM 

JOURNAL  OF  ENGLISH  AND  FOREIGN  LITERATURE,  SCIENCE, 
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WOOD  ENGRAVINGS  ;  their  History,  Tech- 
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and  37  Illustrations  in  the  Text,  imperial  8vo, 
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to  China ;  in  this  volume  the  development  of  the  art  (which 
remained  stationary  in  China)  is  shown  through  Korea  to 
Japan.  Meeting  once  more,  for  Japan  adopted  the  European 
style,  it  now  promises  to  go  "  out "  altogether,  superseded 
by  processes  in  which  the  trained  eye  and  clever  hand  can 
take  no  part.  The  connoisseur  should  possess  this  little 
volume. 

BARCLAY  (Edgar)  .-STONEHENGE 

and  its  EARTHWORKS,  Folding  Plans  at 
various  periods,  Full- Page  Plates  and  many 
smaller  Illustrations,  4to,  cloth.  1895 
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A  full  description  of  Stonehenge  and  its  Earthworks — 
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Theories  and  the  Amesbury  Story— Worship  at  Stonehenge 
— Ancient  Customs— Bibliography,  &c. 

BERNIER  (Frangois).— TRAVELS  in 

the  MOGUL  EMPIRE  (1656-68),  History  of 
the  late  Revolution  of  the  Empire  of  the  Great 

Mogul with     Letter'    to    Colbert    on    the 

Decaying  States  of  Asia,  &c.,  Brock's  trans- 
lation, improved  by  Arch.  Constable,  with 
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"The  most  instructive  of  all  East  Indian  travellers." 

Major  BENXKLL. 

"  Bernier's  account  of  India  is  most  picturesque,  nor  can 
we  imagine  anything  more  interesting  than  his  descriptions 
of  the  barbaric  splendour  of  the  Court  of  Aurengzebe. 

Quarterly  Review,  January,  1828. 

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and  CORNERS  of  SHROPSHIRE,   Map   and 

numerous  Illustrations,  4to,  cloth,  1899  (pub. 

21*.)  7*.  6d. 

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POLLARD  (Alfred  W.).-ITALIAN 

BOOK  ILLUSTRATIONS,  chiefly  of  the 
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Examples  and  23  Illustrations  in  the  Text, 
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More_  than  one  critic  has  contrasted  the  art  of  wood 
engraving  as  practised  in  Germany  and  in  Italy — Dr. 
Lippmann  characterising  the  function  of  book  illustration 
in  the  former  as  for  instruction  ;  in  the  latter  for  ornament. 
Mr.  Pollard  thinks  this  distinction  rests  on  rather  a  slight 
foundation  of  fact.  In  any  case — despite  the  naivete  and 
quaintness  of  the  early  German  cuts,  and  the  real  beauty 
of  many  of  the  Dutch,  he  thinks  the  palm  must  certainly  be 
given  to  the  Italians. 

SLEEMAN  (Major-General  Sir  W.  H.). 

RAMBLES  and  RECOLLECTIONS  of  an 
INDIAN  OFFICIAL  (including  the  Author's 
Journey  from  the  Banks  of  the  Nerbudda  to 
the  Himmalayas,  1835-36), edited  by  VINCENT 
SMITH,  with  Memoir',  Notes,  Index,  and  a 
Bibliography,  2  vols.  12mo,  cloth.  1893  (pub. 
12*.)  '  45. 

This  work  contains  a  considerable  store  of  knowledge  con- 
cerning the  history,  manners,  and  modes  of  thought  of  the 
complex  population  of  India,  of  interest  alike  to  the  ethno- 
logist, antiquary,  missionary,  soldier,  and  general  reader. 
Col.  Sleeman  annihilated  the  Thugs,  of  whom  as  well  as 
poisoners  and  Indian  police  he  has  some  interesting  accounts 
in  this  work.  He  gives  bis  experience  of  famines  and  an 
authentic  history  of  the  celebrated  Kohinoor  diamond. 

TAVERNIER  (J.  B.).— TRAVELS  in 

INDIA,  Translated  from  the  Edition  of  1676, 
with  Biographical  Sketch,  Notes,  Bibliography, 
&c.,  Facsimile  Portraits,  Title,  Map,  and 
Plates,  2  vols.  8vo,  cloth,  1889  (pub.  42*.) 

10*.  6d. 

The  author  travelled  to  the  Court  of  Aurungzeb  at  Delhi, 
thence  to  Allahabad,  Benares,  Patna,  and  Dacca,  where  he 
visited  the  Nawab  of  Bengal,  in  1665-66.  In  addition  to 
descriptions  of  the  routes  followed  the  work  contains 
chapters  on  the  Currency,  Weights,  and  Measures  of  India  ; 
Mode  of  Travelling;  History  of  Father  Ephraim,  Capuchin, 
and  how  he  was  cast  into  the  Inquisition  at  Goa  ;  Historical 
and  Political  Description  of  the  Empire  of  the 
Great  Mogul,  with  details  of  his  Court,  &c. ;  Production* 
and  Merchandise  ;  Methods  for  establishing  a  Commercial 
Company  in  the  Ea»t  Indies  ;  Description  of  the  Diamond 
Mines,  Pearl  Fisheries,  and  Gold  Mines ;  on  Precious 
Stones,  Coral,  Amber,  Musk,  Bezoar,  and  other  Medicinal 
Stones  ;  Concerning  the  Religion  of  the  Muhammadans  and 
the  Idolaters  of  India;  Voyage  to  Surat  and  Batavia, 
and  from  Batavia  to  St.  Helena  and  Holland.  Among  the 
illustrations  are  figures  of  the  Koh-i-noor,  the  Pitt,  and 
other  diamonds  and  gems. 


MISCELLANEOUS  CATALOGUE  OF  RARE  AND  VALUABLE 
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NOTES    AND    QUERIES: 

3  Utebtum  of  intercommunication 


FOP. 


LITERARY    MEN,    GENERAL    READERS,    ETC. 

•'When  found,  make  a  note  of."—  CAPTAIN  CUTTLB. 


\Tr»    171  TI»TH  ~| 
1MO.    If.  LSEBIBS.J 


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321 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  APRIL  S3,  190!,. 


CONTENTS. -No.  17. 

NOTES  -.—Scotch  Words  and  English  Commentators,  321— 
Stamp  Collecting,  3:22 — Easter  Day  by  the  Julian  Beckon- 
ing—Kentish  Easter  Custom,  324— Antiquary— Drake  in 
Mexico— Links  with  the  Past — South  African  War— 
Irving's  'History  of  Scotish  Poetry,'  325  — "Pita"— 
Cornish  — Putting  Heads  Together,  326  —  Lobishome— 
John  Bcton,  327. 

QUERIES:— "A  past"— Women  Voters— Birds'  Eggs, 327 
— "Wax  to  receive"  —  Birch  Families — Elizabeth  and 
Foreign  Decorations — Marriage  of  Lord  Dunkeld— Napo- 
leonic Conspiracy  in  England— 'Die  and  be  Damned'— 
A.  Garden,  M.D.,  328— Step-brother— W.  Gibbard— Wel- 
lington's Horses— Fettiplace— Collins— Golden  Ball  Regis- 
ter— Lament  Harp— Sun  audits  Orbit — Wilkie's  Journal — 
Keade— Heraldry,  329. 

REPLIES  :— "  Smallage,"  330-Shakespeare's  Grave— Foot- 
ball on  Shrove  Tuesday — 'Edwin  Drood  '  continued,  331 
-Smothering  Hydrophobic  Patients— Hell,  Heaven,  and 
Paradise— Cosas  de  Espaiia,  332  — Snake- lore— Crouch  — 
Imaginary  Saints  —  Architecture,  333  —  Cottiswold  — 
W.  Stephens—  Leche  Family  —  Melancholy  —  Epitaphs- 
Japanese  Monkeys— Samuel  Haynes,  334— Copper  Coins 
— Charles  the  Bold  —  German  Quotation— Wreck  of  the 
Wager— "  Mustlar  ":  "  Muskyll "—"  Eternal  feminine," 
335— W.  Miller,  Engraver—  Chelsea  Physic  Garden— Im- 
mortality of  Animals— Herondas— Engravings  —  Pope  and 
German  Literature  —  Dean's  Yard,  Westminster,  336 — 
Thompson  Cooper— Dahuria  —  "  Anon  "  —  Irish  Ejacula- 
tory  Prayers  —  Nine  Parts  of  Speech  —  "  To  mug,"  337 
— '  Recommended  to  Mercy ' — Batrome — Knight  Templar 
—  "First  catch  your  hare"  —  Heraldic  Reference  in 
Shakespeare— First  Edtion  of  Horace,  338. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS:— 'New  English  Dictionary '-De  La 
More  Reprints— Gay's  '  Old  Falmouth ' — Thurston's  '  Lent 
and  Holy  Week  '  —  Atchley's  'Parish  Clerk '  —  ' Inter- 
mediaire'— '  Folk-lore.' 


SCOTCH    WORDS    AND   ENGLISH 

COMMENTATORS. 

(See  ante,  p.  261.) 

THE  interesting  communication  under  this 
heading  reminds  me  that  Burns  is  not  the 
only  sufferer  in  this  way.  Last  year  a  school 
edition  of  Scott's  'Rob  Roy'  was  issued  by  a 
well-known  London  firm,  originally  hailing 
from  Edinburgh.  The  notes  abundantly 
prove  how  hard  it  is  for  an  ordinary  English- 
man to  avoid  blunders  in  explaining  Scotch 
words,  phrases,  and  allusions.  An  exhaustive 
list  of  omissions  and  of  erroneous  or  mis- 
leading annotations  would  fill  several  pages 
and  tire  every  reader's  patience,  but  perhaps 
space  may  be  found  for  a  few  of  these. 

Names  of  dishes  of  food  are  often  difficult 
to  explain,  and  we  cannot  congratulate  the 
editor  on  interpreting  "crowdy"  as  "thick 
pottage  made  of  oatmeal,"  or  "  reisted 
haddock  "  as  "  roasted."  It  was  a  "  smoked  " 
haddock  that  the  Bailie  promised  Frank, 
which  might,  of  course,  be  roasted.  Again, 
"bag  puddings"  are  simply  "puddings 
boiled  in  a  bag  or  cloth,"  but  our  editor  must 
say  "  puddings  encased  in  pastry."  Nor  is  he 
'happier  in  stating  that  "  MacCullum  [sic] 


More"  is  "the  Scotch  title  of  the  Duke  of 
Argyle."  He  is  also  inconsistent.  On  one 
page  "  take  the  bent "  is  correctly  given  as 
"  take  to  flight,"  while  on  another  "  taen  the 
bent"  is  incorrectly  explained  as  "crossed 
the  slope."  One  would  imagine  "  ayont "  to 
be  well  known  as  equivalent  to  "  beyond," 
yet  we  are  told  it  means  "beside"  in 
"  the  auld  wife  ayont  the  fire."  Scott  uses 
"  penny-fee,"  as  Burns  does  in  *  The  Cotter's 
Saturday  Night,'  to  mean  "  wages,"  but  our 
editor  has  mixed  it  up  with  "  arles,"  and  says 
"  the  amount  paid  to  a  servant  when  hired." 
The  word  "  mint "  is  not  uncommon  in  the 
sense  of  "aim,  purpose,  threaten,"  but  here  it 
is  wrongly  explained  as  "  make,  pronounce." 
When  such  simple  words  are  misunderstood 
we  need  not  be  surprised  that  when  real  diffi- 
culties crop  up,  the  editor  takes  full  ad  vantage 
of  them.  There  is  a  peculiar  use  of  "  set  up  " 
in  several  Scotch  phrases,  where  the  locution 
expresses  contempt  for  one  who  is  too  pre- 
tentious or  puts  on  airs  of  distinction.  Scott 
has  it  twice  in '  Rob  Roy,'  and  twice  our  editor 
stumbles,  in  explaining  "  Set  hi*11  up  and  lay 
him  down!"  as  "taking  him  all  round, "and 
"Set  up  their  nashgabs  !"  as  "begun  their 
insolent  talk."  In  both  cases  he  ignores  the 
mark  of  exclamation,  and  does  not  see  that 
the  verb  is  imperative.  The  Bailie  says 
in  regard  to  the  ability  of  the  members  of 
Glasgow  University  to  speak  Greek  and 
Latin,  "they  got  plenty  o'  siller  for  doing 
deil  haet  else."  All  that  our  editor  does  is  toex- 

S'ain  "  haet "  as  "  smallest  thing  conceivable." 
ow  can  this  be  dovetailed  into  the  original 
so  as  to  give  sense?    "Haet"  is  "hae  it," 
i.e.,  "have  it";  and  so  "deil   haet  else"  is 
"  devil  another  thing  " — a  strong  negation. 

Neither  is  our  editor  at  home  in  Scotch 
history.  One  of  the  losses  enumerated 
by  Andrew  Fairseryice  as  resulting  from 
the  Union  of  1707  is  that  of  "  the  riding 
o'  the  Scots  Parliament."  The  only  expla- 
nation given  is  "  proclaiming  the  Parlia- 
ment open."  As  a  matter  of  fact  there  was 
a  picturesque  procession  on  horseback,  a  faint 
shadow  of  which  appears  in  Edinburgh  every 
May,  when  the  Royal  Commissioner  rides  in 
state  from  Holy  rood  to  open  the  General 
Assembly  of  the  Church  of  Scotland.  Rob 
Roy's  exploits,  says  the  Bailie,  are  such  as 
might  be  told  "owerat  the  winter-ingle  in 
the  daft  days,"  and  all  the  illumination 
granted  us  is  that "  daft  days  "  means  "merry 
times."  True,  but  in  old  Scotland  the  term 
"  daft  days  "connoted  the  Christmas  holidays, 
as  any  one  may  discover  from  Robert  Fer- 
gusson's  poem  on  the  subject.  In  another 
passage  Andrew  refers  contemptuously  to 


322 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  i.  APRIL  23, 190*. 


the  "  curate  linking  awa'  at  it  in  his  white 
sark,"  only  the  last  word  of  which  is  ex- 
plained. But  surely  "linking"  requires 
interpretation,  and  evidently  Scott  had  in 
his  mind  three  lines  from  the  description  of 
the  witches'  dance  in  '  Tarn  o'  Shanter ' : — 

Till  ilka  carlin  swat  and  reekit, 
And  coost  her  duddies  to  the  wark, 
And  linket  at  it  in  her  sark. 

The  origin  of  "true-blue"  as  an  epithet  of 
Presbyterian,  with  the  meaning  of  "staunch," 
is  unknown  to  our  editor,  for  his  note  is, 
"  blue  was  the  royal  colour."  If  the  history 
of  Scotland  in  the  seventeenth  century  is  a 
sealed  book  to  him,  surely  he  knows  that 
Scott  writes,  "Blue  was  the  favourite  colour 
of  the  Covenanters  ;  hence  the  vulgar  phrase 
of  a  true-blue  Whig"  ;  and  he  must  remember 
what  Butler  says  in  '  Hudibras ' :  —  "  His 

religion 'twas  Presbyterian  true-blue."^  A 

familiar  Scotch  title  prefixed  to  the  Christian 
name  of  a  clergyman  was  "  Mess,"  as  in  '  Hob 
Roy,'  "Mess  John  Quackleben."  Here  we 
find  the  very  mysterious  explanation  of 
"muster."  Did  the  annotator  write  "master," 
and  when  the  printer  turned  that  into 
"  muster  "  did  he  fail  to  see  anything  amiss  ? 
Several  other  misprints  seem  to  argue  the 
editor's  inability  to  know  whether  a  form  of 
Scotch  be  correct  or  not.  Burns  calls  Satan 
"Clootie"  and  "Auld  Cloots,"  referring  to 
the  cloven  hoof,  and  "hoof"  is  the  meaning 
of  "cloot"  in  Scott's  "if  they  lost  sae 
muckle  as  a  single  cloot,"  but  the  explanation 
given  is  "clout,  rag."  The  Devil  as  Old 
Clo'  is  rich  !  In  the  song  of  'John  Anderson' 
we  find  : — 

Your  bonnie  brow  was  brent, 

where  "  brent "  means  "  smooth,  unwrinkled," 
and  that  is  the  idea  in  the  lines  quoted  by  the 
Bailie : — 

Brent  brow  and  lily  skin, 

A  loving  heart  and  a  leal  within, 

Is  better  than  gowd  or  gentle  kin. 

But  our  annotator  says  "brent"  is  "burnt, 
i.e.,  sunburnt."  I  will  add  only  one  more 
blunder— in  some  ways  the  most  ludicrous. 
Andrew  Fairservice  gave  his  lawyer  "four 
ankers  of  as  gude  brandy  as  was  e'er  coupit 
ower  craig,"  where  the  concluding  words 
mean  "  poured  down  the  throat."  On  the 
authority  of  this  annotator  we  are  asked  to 
understand  them  as  meaning  "  rolled  over  a 
steep  rock  or  precipice,"  which,  in  Andrew's 
eyes  at  least,  would  have  been  a  shameful 
waste  of  good  stuff. 

And  this  editing  is  considered  good  enough 
for  schoolboys  and  for  Sir  Walter  Scott ! 

W.  M. 


STAMP  COLLECTING  AND  ITS 
LITERATURE. 

(See  2nd  S.  ix.  482;  9th  S.  x.  81, 172,  239, 333,  432, 470.) 
WRITING  to  'N.  &  Q.'  in  August,  1902, 1 
mentioned  that  Judge  Suppantschitsch,  of 
Vienna,  claimed  to  have  unearthed  a  reference 
to  collecting  in  the  Family  Herald  for 
22  March,  1851.  I  find  that  the  reference  is 
in  an  advertisement : — 

"Postage  Stamps.— To  collectors  of  the  Used 
Postage  Stamps.  The  Advertiser  will  give  (in  ex- 
change) four  of  the  Penny  Red  Stamps  for  one  Oval 
off  the  Stamped  Envelopes.  Any  person  that  would 
collect  a  few  would  be  kindly  thanked  by  T.  H.  S.,. 
Smith's  Library,  20,  Brewer  Street,  Golden  Square, 
N.B.  The  Ceiling  of  the  Library  is  decorated  with 
80,000  Postage  Stamps,  in  various  Devices,  and 
admitted  to  be  the  most  novel  Ceiling  in  England." 

This  advertiser,  however,  obviously  aims  not 
at  a  collection  in  the  philatelic  sense,  but  at 
a  mere  accumulation  of  used  duplicates. 

In  the  late  Mr.  J.  K.  Tiffany's  '  Philatelical 
Library '  (St.  Louis,  privately  printed,  1874), 
p.  94,  is  the  entry  "  Part  III.  Articles  on 
Stamp  Collecting.  *1.  Annuaire  scientifique, 
1855.  Stamp  Collecting."  The  prefixed  aste- 
risk shows  that  Mr.  Tiffany  had  not  seen 
the  article  in  question,  and  I  have  failed  to 
find  it,  or  even  an  Anmiaire  Scientifique  in 
1855.  The  only  periodical  of  that  name  that 
I  can  trace  is  the  Annuaire  Scientifique, 
edited  by  P.  P.  Deherain,  the  first  issue  of 
which  is  dated  1862. 

So  far,  then,  it  would  seem  that  1N.  &  Q.' 
contains  the  earliest  printed  reference  to 
philately.  As  nearly  forty-four  years  have 
elapsed  since  its  appearance,  on  23  June, 
1860,  the  note  may  be  reproduced  here  : — 

'Postage  Stamps. — A  boy  in  my  form  one  day 
showed  me  a  collection  of  from  300  to  400  different 
postage  stamps,  English  and  foreign,  and  at  the 
same  time  stated  that  Sir  Rowland  Hill  told  him 
that  at  that  time  there  might  be  about  500  varieties 
on  the  whole.  This  seems  a  cheap,  instructive,  and 
portable  museum  for  young  persons  to  arrange;  and 
ret  I  have  seen  no  notices  of  catalogues  or  specimens 
or  sale,  such  as  there  are  of  coins,  eggs,  prints, 
plants,  &c.,  and  no  articles  in  periodicals.  A  cheap- 
facsimile  catalogue,  with  nothing  but  names  of 
respective  states,  periods  of  use,  value,  &c.,  would 
meet  with  attention.  If  there  be  a  London  shop 
where  stamps  or  lists  of  them  could  be  procured, 
its  address  would  be  acceptable  to  me,  and  to  a> 
score  young  friends.  S.  F.  CRESWELL. 

"  The  School,  Tonbridge." 

MR.  CRESWELL  seems  to  have  met  with  no 
response,  and  the  next  references  are  found 
a  year  later  in  Beeton's  Boy's  Oivn  Magazine  : 

"  W.  T.  and  J.  F.  C.  should  advertise  in,  say,  for 
:heapness,  the  Daily  Telegraph,  for  old  foreign 
oostage  stamps.  You  cannot  get  them  gratuitously. 
We  know  several  collectors  who  have  to  pay  for 
;hem." — June,  1861. 


io«>  s.  i.  APRIL  23, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


32$ 


"  C.  J.  Armstrong,  Bexley,  Kent,  will  be  glad  to 
exchange  foreign  postage  stamps.  And  S.  G.  L., 
Arbourfiehl,  Streatham  Hill,  Surrey,  has  also  a 
collection.  The  latter  will  exchange,  but  will 
accept  no  remittance  beyond  postage  for  his  answers 
to  enquiries." — August,  1861. 

"  E.  Pemberton,  Warstone  House,  near  Birming- 
ham, would  be  glad  to  effect  exchanges  with  stamp 
collectors  per  post." — September,  1861. 

This  is  interesting  as  being  evidently  the 
first  appearance  of  Mr.  Edward  L.  Pemberton 
(born  1844,  died  1878),  the  well-known  writer 
on  philately.  An  '  In  Memoriam '  notice  and 
portrait  are  given  in  the  Philatelic  Record  for 
February,  1879. 

"  Extra  Prize  for  January. — We  have  received 
scores  of  applications  from  subscribers  to  open  up 
a  correspondence  on  the  subject  of  Foreign  Postage 
•Stamps,  giving  the  names  and  addresses  of  those 
who  are  desirous  of  exchanging  or  purchasing  such 
stamps.  As  far  as  we  could,  we  have  done  so  ;  but 
h'nding  it  impossible  to  meet  the  requirements  of  all 
our  applicants  in  this  respect,  we  now  offer  one  of 
our  usual  prizes  to  him  who  will,  on  or  before  the 
.">th  of  December  next,  send  us  the  completest  col- 
lection of  Foreign  Postage  Stamps,  such  collection 
to  be  engraved  and  published  in  the  Boy's  Own 
Magazine.  The  collection  must  be  accompanied  by 
an  introduction." — November,  1861. 

"H.  Barber,  44,  Douglas  Street,  Deptford,  S.E., 
wishes  to  announce  that  he  has  above  400  foreign 
postage  stamps,  many  of  them  duplicates." — Decem- 
ber, 1861. 

This  seems  to  be  the  first  trade  advertise- 
ment, as  after  this  H.  Barber  advertises  every 
month,  sometimes  mentioning  special  stamps. 

"  Foreign  Postage  Stamps ;  Extra  Prize  for 
January.— There  is  not  a  shade  of  doubt,  all  thin,, 
considered,  that  the  winner  of  this  prize  is  entitled 
to  it,  still  there  are  several  other  very  good  collec- 
tions. The  best  collection  possesses  the  following 
characteristics :  a  tersely  written  introduction, 
admirable  arrangement,  great  variety,  and  remark- 
able neatness  in  niounting.  On  the  first  opportunity 
we  will  publish  in  the  Boy's  Own  Magazine  a  selec- 
tion from  these  foreign  stamps.  Many  of  our  stamp- 
collecting  subscribers  will  be  pleased  to  possess  the 
following  list  of  those  with  whom  they  may  corre- 
spond with  reference  to  their  common  pursuit : 
H.  F.  Winter,  The  College,  Chester  (Prize),"  &c.— 
January,  1862. 

A  list  of  twelve  subscribers  follows,  several 
of  the  addresses  being  schools.  The  promisee 
selection  of  stamps  is  not  published  in  thi 
volume,  which  is  the  last  of  the  first  series. 

"  Foreign  Stamp  Collectors  are  informed  that  an 
advertisement  announcing  their  desire  to  exchange 
or  sell  foreign  stamps  can  be  inserted  in  the  Boy. 
Own  Magazine  for  1*.  6rf." — January,  1862. 

In  March  there  are  five  advertisements  foi 
exchange  or  purchase,  and   the  number  in 
creases  monthly ;  by  December,  1862,  there 
are    two    pages    of    advertisements,    doubl 
columns.    By  July  advertisers  offer  to  senc 
lists,  and  special  stamps — Modena,  Xaple 
&c. — are  mentioned.    In  September  and  the 


ollowing  months  there  are  advertisements  of 
lew  and  unused  foreign  stamps,  italicized  as- 
f  these  were  considered  specially  valuable. 

I  recently  received   some  interesting    re- 
miniscences from  Mr.  Samuel  Allan  Taylor, 
Boston,   the    doyen  of   American    philatelic- 
iealers  and  editors.  I  find  his  advertisements 
n  the  Boy's  Own  Magazine  for  1863,  and  I 
iave  before  me  vol.  i.  (the  late  Mr.  Tiffany's- 
>opy)  of  his  Stamp  Collector's  Record,  begun 
at  Montreal  in  February,  1864,  and  continued1 
t  Albany  and  Boston.    .Referring  to  Judge 
Suppantschitsch's    supposed    discovery,  Mr. 
Taylor  writes : — 

"I  do  not  think  that  any  German,  Frenchman,. 

Swede,    Russian,    Turk,    or   Southern    European 

leathen  of  any  kind  is  entitled  to  more  than  a  smile 

of  pity  from  Englishmen  when  he  attempts  to  dis- 

oyer  anything  concerned  with  Philately  or  any- 

hing  else   in    English    printed    literature The 

sarliest  notice  in  print  on  this  side  is,  as  far  as  I 
iave  ever  seen,  a  paragraph  in  November,  1860r 
which  stated  that  young  girls  were  collecting  the 
stamps  of  different  nations.  This  appeared  in  a< 
nonthly  periodical  called  Littell's  Living  Age,  pub- 
isbed  here  in  Boston.  When  the  Civil  War  broke 
out  in  1861,  the  Rebel  States  quickly  issued  stamps 
:or  themselves— special  ones  first  like  Mobile,  New 
Orleans,  Nashville.  &c.  These  were  counterfeited 
9y  a  Philadelphia  firm,  and  were  reproduced  in 
sheets  of  six  (i.e.,  six  of  a  kind)  and  sold  by  news- 
boys in  the  street  and  in  stationers'  stores,  not  at 
all  as  Philatelic  treasures,  but  as  curiosities  of  the 
Rebels.  They  sold  some  half  dozen  sheets  for  lOc. 
The  words  'Facsimile  Rebel  Postage  Stamp,  printed 
by  S.  C.  Upham.  Philadelphia,'  were  printed  in* 
small  type  on  each  sheet.  This  thing  was  largely 
instrumental  in  bringing  stamp  collecting  into  vogue. 
The  first  person  who  sold  stamps  as  a  business  was 
a  man  named  James  Brennan,  who  opened  a  small 
office  (a  very  small  place  not  over  10  feet  square)  at 
37,  Nassau  Street,  New  York,  in  1863.  He  pub- 
lished a  list,  the  type,  style,  size,  &c.,  having  been 
copied  from  one  printed  by  James  Robinson,  of 
Liverpool.  This  was  a  foolscap  size,  4  pp.  thing, 
but  the  prices  were  filled  in  with  the  pen.  Before 
that  one  A.  C.  Kline,  now  dead,  of  Philadelphiar 
had  issued  a  '  Manual,'  a  copy  of  Mount  Brown's 
first  issue  merely.  Kline  was  a  dealer  in  antiques, 
old  coins,  armour,  firearms,  &c.,  and  stamps  were 
only  a  small  portion  of  his  business.  He  kept  a 
quite  good-sized  store  on  the  ground  floor.  Another 
person,  \Vm.  P.  Brown,  212,  Broadway,  New  York, 
who  is  still  in  existence,  and  who  then  as  now  is 
more  of  a  coin  dealer  and  authority  than  a  stamp 
man,  sold  stamps,  but  only  through  the  medium  of 
the  mail,  not  having  any  office,  he  being  a  printer 
in  a  weekly  newspaper  office  (of  which  his  father, 
a  distinguished  clergyman,  was  editor).  I  believe 
that  for  some  time  he  had  a  stand  attached  to  the 
railing  of  the  City  Hall  Park,  as  also  had  another 
man  named  John  Bailey,  but  the  business  was 
largely  coins  and  odd  things,  even  military  buttons. 
No  one  then  knew  what  stamps  existed,  until  the 
manuals  of  Mount  Brown,  Baillieu,  Potiquet,  and 
others  appeared.  This  was  all  in  New  York  of 
course.  J.  W.  Scott,  who  is  a  native  of  London, 

came  to  New  York  in  1863,  he  being  then  a  lad  of 
fifteen  years.    He  came  across  Brown  at  his  stand 


324 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  i.  APRIL  23, 1904. 


and  made  exchanges  in  stamps  with  him,  but  shortly 
after  left  New  York  and  went  to  California. 

"I  was  in  Montreal  from  1860  to  1864.  I  had 
gathered  some  ten  or  a  dozen  foreign  stamps  as  far 
back  as  1857-8,  France,  England,  and  one  lOgr. 
Hanover ;  but  1  never  saw  or  heard  of  any  collectors 
until  1862,  when  I  chanced  to  see  the  collection 
<probably  forty  or  so)  of  a  man  named  J.  A.  Nutter, 
and  I  made  exchanges  with  him  for  local  stamps, 
as  I  (having  been  brought  up  in  New  York)  knew 
where  the  local  stamps  or  posts  were.  I  left 
€anada  in  1864,  and  after  a  short  time  abandoned 
the  druggist  business  and  came  to  Boston,  and  have 
been  here  ever  since.  J.  W.  Scott  I  never  heard 
of  until  1867  ;  the  previous  account  of  him  I  got 
from  W.  P.  Brown.  You  can  depend  on  it  that  no 
other  dealer  was  earlier  than  James  Brennan  in 

1863 1  note  in  the  Philatelic  Journal  of  America 

for  March,  1885,  being  the  first  number  of  that 
.paper,  the  statement  that  Dr.  Blackie,  of  Nashville, 
has  been  '  collecting  for  twenty-nine  years,'  but 
that  sort  of  talk  is  absurd.  Letters  from  foreign 
countries  were  almost  invariably  paid  in  money 
•and  were  stamped  paid  by  the  Postmaster.  Street 
letter-boxes  were  unknown  here,  at  any  rate,  and 
-where  would  he  have  got  the  stamps  in  1856?  But 
the  egotism  of  the  average  stamp-collector  is  some- 
thing very  awful My  earliest  commercial  rela- 
tions with  Great  Britain  were  with  F.  E.  Millar,  of 
Dalston,  George  Prior,  of  Fenchurch  Street,  London, 
a  H.  Hill,  of  Argyll  Street,  Glasgow,  and  H.  M. 
Lennox,  Newhall  Terrace,  Glasgow." 

At  9th  S.  x.  83  I  quoted  the  sum  of  1,920£. 
paid  in  1897  for  a  pair  (Id.  and  2d.)  of  "Post 
•Office  Mauritius"  as  a  record  price ;  but  that 
record  was  broken  on  13  January  last,  when  an 
•unused  copy  of  the  2d.  was  sold  by  Messrs. 
(Puttick  &  Simpson  for  1,450£.  The  discovery 
of  this  specimen  in  a  collection  formed  in 
11864  by  Mr.  James  Bonar,  now  of  Hampstead, 
is  chronicled  in  the  London  Philatelist  for 
1303,  pp.  269,  301;  1904,  p.  1. 

P.  J.  ANDERSON. 

University  Library,  Aberdeen. 


EASTER  DAY  BY  THE  JULIAN  RECKONING. — 
3-n  the  old  editions  of  the  Prayer  Book,  before 
the  reformation  of  the  Calendar  in  England, 
a  table  is  given  "  to  find  Easter  for  ever." 
'This  was  founded  on  the  notion  that  nineteen 
years  were  exactly  equal  to  235  lunations,  so 
that  at  the  end  of  each  period  of  nineteen 
years  (the  number  in  which  is  called  the 
•Golden  Number)  the  moon  will  be  at  the 
same  age  (as  it  is  called),  or  distance  from 
conjunction  with  the  sun.  As  a  matter  of 
fact,  235  lunations  exceed  nineteen  true 
tropical  years  by  about  two  hours,  and  fall 
short  of  nineteen  Julian  years  by  about  one 
and  a  half  hours.  But  there  was  no  provision 
in  the  Julian  calendar  for  readjusting  this 
•difference;  and  as  that  calendar  is  still 
•observed  in  the  Eastern  Church,  Easter— 
which,  with  us  and  all  Christian  nations 
-which  have  accepted  the  reformed  Gregorian 


calendar,  is  always  within  a  week  of  the 
paschal  full  moon  (there  is  a  special  provision 
that  it  shall  not  be  on  the  day  of  it)— now 
falls,  in  Russia  and  Greece,  more  than  a  week 
from  the  full  moon.  The  table  to  which 
reference  has  been  made  gives  the  Sunday 
letters  in  a  horizontal  line  above,  and  the 
Golden  Numbers  in  a  vertical  line  on  the  left, 
by  a  combination  of  which  the  date  of  Easter 
can  be  taken  out  at  sight.  It  seems  to  have 
been  forgotten  (I  have  before  me  the  edition 
of  1662)  to  note  that  leap  years  have  two 
Sunday  letters,  the  first  applicable  to  January 
and  February,  and  the  second  to  the  remainder 
of  the  year.  Thus  for  the  present  year  D  and 
C  are  the  Sunday  letters  ;  C  must  be  taken 
in  determining  Easter,  and  as  the  Golden 
Number  is  5,  Easter  Day  fell  by  the  Julian 
reckoning  on  28  March,  corresponding  to  our 
10  April  by  the  reformed  calendar,  and  was 
so  observed  in  the  Oriental  Church,  one 
week  after  our  Easter  and  eleven  days  after 
the  paschal  full  moon.  W.  T.  LYNN. 

Blackheath. 

KENTISH  CUSTOM  ON  EASTER  DAY.  —  The 
following  cutting  is  from  the  Standard  of 
4  April,  in  reference  to  a  custom  already 
alluded  to  in  former  series  of  '  N.  &  Q.' ;  but 
why  the  name  of  the  place  should  be  per- 
sistently called  Biddenham,  and  not  Bidden- 
den,  i  cannot  say.  The  former  place  is  in 
Bedfordshire,  the  latter  in  Kent,  about  five 
miles  from  Cran  brook  : — 

"The  village  of  Biddenham,  Kent,  was  crowded 
yesterday  with  visitors  from  the  adjoining  towns 
and  villages,  who  flocked  there  on  Easter  Day  to 
witness  the  annual  distribution  of  what  is  known 
as  the  'Biddenham  Maids.'  This  singular  custom, 
which  has  been  in  existence  for  several  hundred 
years,  consists  of  a  distribution  of  bread  and  cheese 
to  poor  residents,  and  the  presentation  to  all  visitors 
of  a  cake  made  of  flour  and  water,  bearing  an  im- 
pression of  the  famous  '  Maids,'  who  were  joined  at 
the  hips  and  shoulders.  The  legend  is  that  in  1100 
there  were  born  in  Biddenham  two  girls,  joined 
together  as  described,  and  they  lived  thus  for 
thirty-four  years,  and  when  one  died,  the  other, 
refusing  to  be  operated  upon,  also  died  within  six 
hours.  By  their  will  they  founded  the  charity." 

In  Lewis's  'Topographical  Dictionary,'  s.v. 
'Biddenden,'  is  the  following  notice  of  this 
custom : — 

"  A  distribution  of  bread  and  cheese  to  the  poor 
Lakes  place  on  Easter  Sunday,  the  expense  of  which 
^s  defrayed  from  the  rental  of  about  20  acres  of 
land,  the  reputed  bequests  of  the  Biddenden  Maids, 
:wo  sisters  of  the  name  of  Chulkhurst,  who,  accord- 
ing to  tradition,  were  joined  by  the  hips  and 
shoulders  in  the  year  1100,  and,  having  lived  in 
;hat  state  to  the  age  of  thirty-four,  died  within  six 
lours  of  each  other." 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 


io<»  s.  i.  APRIL  23, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


325 


ANTIQUARY  v.  ANTIQUARIAN.— In  an  excel 
lent  review  of  Mr.  Guy  F.  Laking's  recently 
published  book  on  '  The  Armoury  of  Windsor 
Castle,'  which  appeared  in  the  Athenceiim  for 
12  March,  the  writer  says  :  "  Mr.  Laking  is  a 
comparatively  recent  Fellow  of  the  Society 
of  Antiquaries.     Had  he  been  one  of  longer 
standing  he  would  probably  not  have  written 
about  'an  antiquarian.'"    As  I  have  always 
thought  that  "  antiquarian  "  employed  as  a 
substantive   is  a  detestable  word,  notwith- 
standing its  use  by  several  respectable  writers, 
as  Dr.  Murray's  '  Dictionary '  will  testify,  I 
was  very  glad  to  see  the  Athenaeum  lend  the 
weight  of  its  authority  against  a  practice 
which  seems  somewhat  on  the  increase.    In 
the  last  Indian  papers,  for  instance,  I  noticed 
that  the  Government  of  India  had  appointed 
Lieut-Co].  Waddell,  Indian  Medical  Service, 
to  be  principal  medical  officer  and   "anti- 
quarian" to  the  Tibetan  Mission.      Surely 
"archaeologist"  would    have  been  a   better 
word.    But  the  Athenceum's  orthodoxy  in  the 
matter  renders  it  all  the  more  surprising  that 
in  its  issue  for  13  February,   p.  200,  in   a 
review  of  Mrs.  Paget  Toy n bee's  edition  of 
Horace  Walpole's  '  Letters/  a  reference  should 
have  been  made  to  the  "Society  of  Anti- 
quarians," a  body  of  which  I  can  find  no 
record  in  Walpole's  day. 

There  is  another  apparent  slip  in  the  same 
review.  On  p.  199  the  writer  says  that 
Walpole's  letters  to  Madame  du  Deffand 
"were  destroyed,  at  his  own  request,  after 
Walpole's  death,  either  by  that  lady  herself 
or  by  Miss  Berry."  But  as  Madame  du 
Deffand  died  several  years  before  Walpole, 
it  was  impossible  that  she  could  have  de- 
stroyed the  letters  after  the  latter's  death. 
I  am  obliged  to  trust  to  memory  at  present, 
but  as  a  matter  of  fact,  I  believe  the  letters 
were  destroyed,  in  accordance  with  Walpole's 
injunctions,  by  Mr.  Berry,  the  father  of 
Horace's  two  young  lady  friends. 

W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 
Yizzavona,  Corsica. 

DRAKE  IN  MEXICO.— I  have  a  son  in 
Mexico  who  keeps  his  eyes  and  ears  open. 
His  letters  occasionally  reveal  very  startling 
side-lights  on  that  country.  The  following 
tit-bit  is,  perhaps,  worth  preserving  in  the 
pages  of  '  X.  ^  <§.'  :— 

"By  the  way,  I  heard  a  woman  calming  a 
tempestuous  child  by  saying  'Ahi  viene  Drake  r  I 
made  minute  inquiries,  and  found  that  it  is  a  com- 
mon threat  to  children  on  this  coast,  like  unto 
'  Bony  will  get  you  ! '  or  '  The  Black  Douglas  shall 
not  get  you  ! '  Fancy  people  still  living  in  terror 
of  seeing  Drake's  topsails  on  the  horizon  ! " 

EDWARD  SMITH. 


LINKS  WITH  THE  PAST.— In  'Old  Days  in 
Diplomacy,'  by  Miss  Disbrowe,  it  is  noted 
that  a  lady  who  died  in  1882  was  told  by  her 
father,  who  died  in  1818,  that  he  well  remem- 
bered his  great-aunt,  who  was  married  in  1693 ! 
Lady  Burdett-Coutts,  born  1814,  may  have 
known,  and  probably  did  know,  Lady  Louisa 
Stuart,  Lord  Bute's  daughter,  who  died  1851, 
aged  ninety-four.  She  in  her  girlhood  met 
Mrs.  Delany,who  died  1788,  aged  eighty  -eight,, 
and  she  knew  the  Countess  Granville,  born 
1654  ;  so  four  lives  bridge  250  years. 
George  III.  was  born  1738  ;  his  daughter- 
in-law  the  Duchess  of  Cambridge  died  1889j 
which  makes  the  time  covered  by  two  live» 
151  years.  HELGA. 

THE  SOUTH  AFRICAN  WAR.— On  2  March 
Mr.  Arnold  -  Forster,  Secretary  of  State  for 
War,  declared  in  the  House  of  Commons- 
that  the  casualties  throughout  the  late  war 
in  South  Africa  were  as  follows  : — 

Killed  or  died  of  Wounds.— Officers,  719  ; 
Warrant,  N.C.O.s,  and  men,  6,863. 

Deaths  from  Enteric  Fever.— Officers,  183 ; 
Warrant,  N.C.O.s,  and  men,  7,807. 

Deaths  from  other  Diseases.— Officers,  223  ; 
Warrant,  N.C.O.s,  and  men,  4,926. 

This  shows  a  total  loss  of  1,125  officers,  and 
19,596  Warrant,  N.C.O.s,  and  men— a  death 
oil  of  20,721  men  of  all  ranks  during  the 
;ourse  of  the  war.    I  think  that  this  official 
statement  should  find  a  permanent  place  in 
N.  &  Q.,'  for  the  use  of  future  historians  of 
the  war.  RICHARD  EDGCUMBE. 

Edgbarrow,  Crowthorne,  Berks. 

IRVING'S  'HISTORY  OF  SCOTISH  POETRY.'— 
.n    1861    Dr.    David    Irving's     'History    of 
Scotish  Poetry'  was  published  posthumously, 
with  a  memoir  and  glossary,  the  editor  being 
'arlyle's  brother,  Dr.  John  Aitken  Carlyle. 
.n    an    "advertisement,"    prefixed    to    the 
volume,    and  signed   with  his  initials,    Dr. 
Carlyle  explains  how  he  came  to  undertake 
he  editorial  work,  states  how  he  has  treated 
lis  material,   and  makes  it  perfectly   clear 
hatheisentirely  responsible  for  the 'History' 
as  it  stands.     After  the  table  of  contents 
.here  appears  a  twofold  memoir,  written  by 
)avid  Laing  and  Irving's  friend  General  Sir 
harles  W.   Pasley.      Each   section    of    the 
memorial  tribute  is  signed  by  its  respective 
writer,  and  it  seems  likely  that  the  appearance 
of  Lain  g's  name  has  misled  Mr.  J.  H.  Millar, 
/ho  mentions   the    work  at    p.   568  of   his 
Literary  History  of  Scotland.'    Mr.   Millar 
credits    Laing    with    the    editorship,    quite 
ustifiably  adding  that  he  was  "  probably  the 
greatest  of  all   the    Scottish   literary  anti- 
quaries."     Dr.    Carlyle    explains    that    he 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  i.  APRIL  23, 1904. 


Tecii.ied  the  extracts  used  in  the  book  by 
•reference  to  Laing's  editions  of  early  poets 
and  his  collations  from  the  MS.  of  the  '  King's 
•Quair,'  and  implies  that  he  did  all  this  under 
his  own  hand,  and  without  help  or  super- 
vision. It  seems  only  fair,  therefore,  that 
•ha  should  get  credit  for  a  piece  of  arduous 
work,  honestly  and  successfully  achieved. 
THOMAS  BAYNE. 

"  PITA."— In  a  former  article  (9th  S.  ix.  226) 
I  discussed  the  various  theories  which  exist 
as  to  the  etymology  of  the  term  pulque, 
-applied  to  a  wine  made  from  the  American 
aloe.  Pita,  the  term  applied  commercially  to 
the  fibre  of  the  same  plant,  is  equally  of 
doubtful  origin.  The  following  are  some 
possible  and  impossible  suggestions  • — 

(a)  The    '  Century    Dictionary '    calls    it 
Mexican,  for  which   there  seems  to  be  no 
evidence. 

(b)  Von  Martius,  4  Beitrage,'  1867,  guessed 
that  it  might  be  Carib. 

(c)  Barberena,  '  Quicheismos,'  1894,  rather 
speciously  claims  it  for  the  Maya  language 
of  Yucatan. 

(d)  Others  maintain  that  it  is  not  American 
at  all,  but  came  into  Spanish  from  the  lost 
tongue  of  the  Canary  Islands. 

(e)  The  great   '  Worterbuch  der    Kechua 
Sprache,'  by  Tschudi,   1853,   has   an   entry, 
"Pita,  ein  diinner  Faden  aus  Bast."     This 
seems  to  prove  that  this  much- disputed  word 
is  Peruvian,  and  should  be  of  interest  to  the 
editors  of  the  'N.E.D.'      JAS.  PL  ATT,  Jun. 

CORNISH  LEXICOLOGY.— There  can  be  no 
objection  to  the  preservation  in  'N.  &  Q.'  of 
the  information  contained  in  the  following 
letter  to  me: — 

13,  Ham  Street,  Plymouth,  4  June,  1893. 

Dear    Sir,— In     the     errata     ('  English-Cornish 

Dictionary')    I  find  under    'Owner'    a   reference 

which  is  itself  a  mistake.    How  this  happened  1  do 

not    now    remember.      In    my    'English-Cornish 

MH«0nnn?>  Pp>  ?i,atJd  xii>  is  a  list  of  the  Gwavas 
MHS.  Lhis  is,  I  believe,  a  complete  list  of  the 
Cornish  remains  which  have  never  been  printed. 
AH  the  other  Cornish  remains  are  in  print.  I  have 
no  knowledge  of  Basque  words,  and  cannot  say 
what  words  are  like  Cornish;  possibly  there  mav 
be  many  borrowed  words.  Still  the  Basque  is  so 
peculiar,  and  different  from  surrounding  languages 
ancient  and  modern,  that  the  origin  of  it  would  seem 
be  very  remote  from  where  it  is  now  spoken.  But 
ot  this  you  must  be  a  far  better  judge  than  myself 
alter  so  long  a  study.  By  this  post  I  send  you  the 
list  of  books  (No.  133)  by  Mr.  Bernard  Quaritch, 
lo  Piccadilly  for  April,  1893,  in  which  on  p.  16  yoil 
will  find  my  book  named  and  priced.  Since  the 
VsS2  Tgu°f  m£  Eaglish-CorniSh  Dictionary,'  in 
3iHnn  OnS  ^en  e"gased  in  writing  a  second 
Srnted  {misfn?whmshed.  This  has  not  been 
i  f K°n«am.S  t]1.r?e  tlines  the  amount  of 
m  the  first  edition  ;  but  whether  it  will 


ever  see  daylight  I  do  not  know,  I  am  hoping  that 
the  Royal  Institution  of  Cornwall,  Truro,  will 
publish  it.  But  their  funds  are  low,  and  I  cannot 
afford  to  publish  it  at  my  own  risk.  The  above 
MS.,  together  with  the  MS.  of  the  second  edition 
of  iny  '  Glossary  of  the  Cornish  Dialect,'  are  both 
at  present  in  the  hands  of  the  Royal  Institution  of 
Cornwall  for  their  consideration.  The  '  Glossary 
of  the  Cornish  Dialect '  is  nearly,  if  not  quite,  out 
of  sale.  There  may  be  a  few  copies  left  with 
Messrs.  Netherton  &  Worth,  Truro,  the  printers 
of  this  book.  The  second  edition,  in  MS.,  is  half 
as  much  bigger  than  the  first  edition  in  8vo,  issued 
in  1882.  The  Cornish  dialect  is  unique,  and  con- 
tains a  large  number  of  words  handed  down  and 
more  or  less  changed  from  the  ancient  Cornish 
tongue.  FRED.  W.  P.  JAGO. 

E.  S.  Dodgson,  Esq.,  Paris. 

Let  us  hope  that  Dr.  Jago's  manuscripts 
will  be  carefully  edited,  and  then  no  less 
carefully  kept  in  some  public  library  in 
England  or  Wales.  E.  S.  DODGSON. 

PUTTING  HEADS  TOGETHER.— The  following 
interesting  passage  occurs  in  '  Spanish  Life 
in  Town  and  Country,'  by  L.  Higgin  : — 

"A  curious  survival  exists  in  Valencia  in  the 
'Tribunal  de  las  Aguas,'  which  is  presided  over  by 
three  of  the  oldest  men  in  the  city  ;  it  is  a  direct 
inheritance  from  the  Moors,  and  from  its  verdict 
there  is  no  appeal.  Every  Thursday  the  old  men 
take  their  seats  on  a  bench  outside  one  of  the  doors 
of  the.  cathedral,  and  to  them  come  all  those  who 
have  disputes  about  irrigation,  marshalled  by  two 
beadles  in  strange  old-world  uniforms.  When  both 
sides  have  been  heard,  the  old  men  put  their  heads 
together  under  a  cloak,  or  manta,  and  agree  upon 
their  judgment.  The  covering  is  then  withdrawn, 
and  the  decision  is  announced.  On  one  occasion  they 
decreed  that  a  certain  man  whom  they  considered 
in  fault  was  to  pay  a  fine.  The  unwary  litigant, 
thinking  that  his  case  had  not  been  properly  heard, 
began  to  try  to  address  the  judges  in  mitigation  of 
the  sentence.  '  But,  Senores — '  he  began.  '  Pay 
another  peseta  for  speaking,'  solemnly  said  the 
spokesman  of  the  elders.  '  Pero,  Sefiores —  '  Una 
peseta  mas  !'  solemnly  returned  the  judge  ;  and  at 
last,  finding  that  each  time  he  opened  his  lips  cost 
him  one  more  peseta,  he  soon  gave  up  and  retired." 
-P.  33. 

I  think  it  may  be  fairly  doubted  whether 
the  tete-a-tete  business  was  of  Moorish  origin, 
for  I  have  in  one  of  my  scrapbooks  an  old 
newspaper  cutting  which  professes  to  be 
citing  'N.  &  Q.'  when  it  says  :  — 

"  I  have  been  assured  by  an  excellent  legal  friend 
of  mine  that  it  used  to  be  the  custom  in  one  of  our 
northern  counties  at  the  quarter  sessions,  when  the 
chairman  had  summed  up,  for  him  to  conclude  his 
address  to  the  jury  with  the  advice  given  by  Sydney 
Smith  to  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  St.  Pauls,  'to 
lay  their  heads  together'  with  a  view  of  producing 
the  best  and  hardest  pavement.  I  am  told  that  no 
sooner  were  the  words  uttered  from  the  bench, 
'  Now,  gentlemen,  lay  your  heads  together  and  con- 
sider your  verdict,'  than  down  went  every  head  in 
the  box,  and  an  official  approached  armed  with  a 
long  wand.  If  any  unlucky  juror  inadvertently 


i.  APRIL  23,  low.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


327 


raised  his  head,  down  came  the  stick  upon  his  pate  ; 
and  so  they  continued  till  the  truth  was  struck  out, 
in  their  ceredicliim,  an  excellent  plan  for  expediting 
business." 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

THE  LOBISHOME. — The  following  passage 
was  written  some  years  ago  by  the  late  Rev. 
John  Mason  Neale,  warden  of  Sackville 
College,  East  Grinstead.  He  travelled  in 
Portugal  in  1853  and  1854,  and  no  doubt  made 
a  record  of  this  superstition  on  one  of  those 
occasions.  We  have  just  come  upon  it  in  the 
St.  Margaret's  Magazine  tor  July,  1893,  which 
is,  we  believe,  issued  under  the  direction  of 
the  Sisters  of  the  Anglican  Convent  of  East 
Grinstead.  It  would  be  well  to  transfer  it  to 
'  N.  &  Q.'  for  several  reasons,  among  others 
because  it  is  probably  the  most  western 
version  of  the  werewolf  story  to  be  found  in 
Europe  : — 

"  The  lobwhome  is  a  young  man  or  girl  (for  they 
never  live  to  grow  old),  only  to  be  known  in  the 
daytime  by  their  gloom  and  wretchedness,  but 
under  a  spell  which  obliges  them,  at  night,  to  take 
the  form  of  a  horse  and  gallop  wildly  over  mountain 
or  valley,  without  pause  or  rest  till  daylight.  If 
the  clatter  of  hoofs  is  heard  through  a  village  of 
Traz  os  Moutes  at  night,  the  peasant  will  cross 
himself  and  say,  '  God  help  the  poor  lobishome  ! ' 
The  only  cure  is  this.  Advance  boldly  to  such  a 
miserable  creature,  and  draw  blood  from  its  breast. 
The  spell  is  broken,  and  that 'for  ever." 

N.  M.  &  A. 

JOHN  ECTON,  'D.N.B.,' xvi.  353.— Perhaps 
the  following  additional  facts  concerning  the 
author  of  '  Liber  Valorum  et  Decimarum ' 
are  worthy  of  a  note  in  these  columns.  In 
1711  he  gave  a  copy  of  his  book  to  Winchester 
College,  and  his  inscription  on  the  fly-leaf 
shows  that  he  had  been  educated  at  the 
college  as  a  chorister.  He  was  therefore,  no 
doubt,  the  Ecton  whose  name  is  on  the  school 
rolls  of  1688-93,  and  his  education  perhaps 
explains  the  collection  of  music  and  musical 
instruments  which  he  bequeathed  by  his 
will  to  James  Kent.  On  the  recommendation 
of  the  Governors  of  Queen  Anne's  Bounty  he 
was  appointed  collector  and  receiver  of  the 
tenths  of  the  clergy,  with  a  salary  of  3001.  per 
annum,  by  letters  patent  dated  6  December, 
1717  (Patent  Roll,  4  Geo.  1.,  part  3) ;  and  he 
held  the  office  until  his  death  at  his  house 
at  Turnham  Green  on  20  August,  1730 
('  Historical  Register,  Chronological  Diary 
for  1730,'  p.  55).  He  was  buried  in  Winchester 
Cathedral  on  26  August,  1730  (Cathedral 
Register).  His  widow  Dorothea,  who  is 
mentioned  in  the  '  Dictionary  '  as  his 
executrix,  was  probably  his  second  wife,  as 
the  Cathedral  Register  records  the  burial  on 
12  August,  1726,  of  "  Mrs.  Eliz.  Ecton,  the 


wife  of  John  Ecton,  esq.,"  "brought  from 
London  and  buried  here."  Is  anything 
known  of  either  lady  1  Mindful  of  certain 
discussions  in  these  columns,  I  add  that  he 
was  a  genuine  "esquire,"  being  styled  such 
in  the  above-mentioned  letters  patent.  It 
appears  from  his  will  that  he  owned  some 
freehold  property  at  Fritham,  Hants,  and 
had  a  youthful  kinswoman  named  Barbara 
Jones.  H.  C. 


Wj£  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  maybe  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

"A  PAST."  —  When  did  the  modern  phrase 
"  a  man  "  or  "  woman  with  a  past  "  come  into 
existence  ?  Who  was  its  author  ?  Are  there 
uses  leading  up  to  it  ?  J.  A.  H.  MURRAY. 

WOMEN  VOTERS  IN  COUNTIES  AND  BOROUGHS. 
—  John  Stuart  Mill,  in  his  speech  on  the 
admission  of  women  to  the  electoral  franchise 
in  the  House  of  Commons,  delivered  20  May, 
1867,  said  :  "There  is  evidence  in  our  con- 
stitutional records  that  women  have  voted 
in  counties  and  in  some  boroughs,  at  former, 
though  certainly  distant,  periods  of  our  his- 
tory." Can  any  of  your  readers  inform  me 
where  these  instances  are  to  be  found  or  in 
what  records  they  should  be  looked  for  ? 

M.  BETHAM-EDWARDS. 

Villa  Julia,  Hastings. 

BIRDS'   EGGS.—  Now  that  the  season  for 
birdsnesting  has  arrived,  it  may  be  amusing 
to  some  readers  to  notice  the  genuine  and 
naive  enthusiasm  of  the  pure  oologist,  who 
is  an   egg-collector  first   and   a   student  of 
natural  history  afterwards.     Take  the  case 
of  the  eggs  of  the  Limicplss,  i  e.,  the  division 
of  plovers,  snipes,  sandpipers,  &,c.    There  are 
about  fifty-five  species  of  birds  of  this  single 
class,  all  interesting  to  us  whose  lot  is  cast 
in  "this  sceptred  isle  ......  set  in  the  silver  sea," 

and  the  eggs  of  them  all,  except  three,  have 
been  discovered  and  properly  identified. 

But  the  eggs  of  the  sharp-tailed  sandpiper, 
the  curlew-sandpiper,  and  the  knot  are,  or 
were  very  recently,  unknown.  To  these  three 
particular  species  the  ardent  egg-collector 
directs  his  special  attention,  and  no  doubt 
will  continue  to  do  so  for  many  years.  Mr. 
Seebohm  and  others  have  been  very  nearly 
successful  with  the  second  unknown  egg,  viz., 
that  of  the  curlew  sandpiper,  but  they  have 
just  failed  under  provoking  circumstances, 
which  they  give  us  with  the  full  details,  and 
evidently  con  cwiore.  Mr.  Seebohm  saw  a 


328 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  i.  APML  23,  im 


bird  in  its  nuptial  dress  close  to  the  Arctic 
Circle  on  the  Yenisei.  This  was,  so  to  speak, 
an  outward  visible  sign  of  an  inward  and 
future  clutch — the  spolia  opima  of  the  whole 
egg-collecting  trip ;  but  circumstances  pre- 
vented Mr.  Seebohm  reaching  the  nesting 
ground  for  which  the  bridal  feathers  had  been 
growing.  Next  we  hear  of  Dr.  Finsch,  who 
delights,  as  all  oologists  should,  in  a  bird- 
like  name,  and  he  declared  that  he  had  found 
the  downy  young  on  the  Yalrnal  Peninsula. 
He  seems  to  have  failed  in  the  exactly 
opposite  way  to  Mr.  Seebohm.  We  hear 
nothing  from  Dr.  Finsch  of  a  nuptial  dress, 
he  has  to  confine  himself  to  baby-linen — the 
fluffy  down  of  the  plump  fledgelings. 

The  third  enthusiast,  a  Dr.  von  Midden- 
dorf,  nearly  obtained  the  object  of  his  quest, 
or  at  least  he  was  nearly  a  whole  egg-shell 
better  than  his  predecessors,  for  he  isdelighted 
to  tell  us  that  he  found  the  desired  birds  on 
the  tundras  of  the  Taimijr  in  lat.  74°  N.,  and 
secured  a  female  with  a  partially  shelled  egg 
in  her  oviduct  !  O  that  it  had  been  possible 
for  this  glory  to  have  fallen  to  one  of  our 
own  countrymen  !  Alas  !  it  has  been  other- 
wise, and  this  Dr.  von  Middendorf,  pre- 
sumably a  German,  holds  the  world's  record 
for  possessing  a  larger  quantity  of  authentic 
egg-shell  from  these  three  desired  varieties 
of  the  Limicolee  than  any  other  collector.  It 
seems  sad  to  end  the  tale  thus.  Cannot 
Britons  come  in  somewhere  or  somehow  ? 
Well,  there  is  just  a  chance.  Of  the  last 
variety,  the  knot,  there  is  an  egg,  not  per- 
fectly authenticated,  in  the  British  Museum, 
in  the  Kensington  department,  and  Dr. 
Bowdler  Sharpe,  the  Curator,  says, "  it  looks 
exactly  the  kind  of  egg  one  might  expect  the 
knot  to  lay,"  so  perhaps  the  British  Museum 
holds,  as  trustee  for  our  oologists,  the  world's 
record  after  all.  So  mote  it  be. 

To  put  myself  in  order  I  will  conclude  with 
a  query.  How  can  any  one,  even  an  expe- 
rienced oologist,  "  spot "  an  egg  before  it  is 
]aid  ?  NE  QUID  NIMIS. 

"WAX  TO  RECEIVE.  AND  MARBLE  TO  RE- 
TAIN. —Who  wrote  the  above,  referring  to 
the  mind  during  the  period  of  youth  ? 

Lucis. 

[Imitated  from  Cervantes  by  Byron,  '  Bepno  ' 
stanza  34.] 

BIRCH,  BURCII,  OR  BYRCH  FAMILIES.— I 
have  collected  a  large  amount  of  genealogical 
data  relating  to  families  of  the  above  name  in 
Lancashire,  Staffordshire,  Lincolnshire,  Berk- 
shire, Essex,  Kent,  Middlesex,  and  elsewhere, 
covering  the  last  300  years.  Being  desirous 
>f  obtaining  further  particulars,  I  shall  be 


pleased  to  correspond  with  any  one  able  to 
assist  me  or  desiring  information. 

HERBERT  BIRCH. 

10,  Palmerston  Mansions,  West  Kensington. 

[We  have  no  address  for  the  gentleman  after 
whom  you  ask  further  than  that  supplied.] 

QUEEN  ELIZABETH  AND  FOREIGN  DECORA- 
TIONS.— I  distinctly  remember  reading  some 
years  ago  an  incident  in  connexion  with 
Queen  Elizabeth  —  that  one  of  her  ambas- 
sadors, having  been  offered  a  decoration  by 
the  Government  to  which  he  was  accredited, 
applied  for  permission  to  accept  and  wear  it. 
This  application  she  indignantly  refused, 
with  the  remark  that  "  English  dogs  shall 
only  wear  their  master's  collars." 

Can  any  of  your  readers  kindly  tell  me 
where  this  characteristic  story  of  Queen 
Elizabeth  is  to  be  found  1  I  expected  to 
meet  with  it  in  Lord  Chancellor  Bacon's 
'  Collection  of  Apophthegms,  New  and  Old,' 
but  it  is  not  there.  JAMES  WATSON. 

Folkestone. 

MARRIAGE  OF  JAMES,  FIRST  LORD  DUNKELD. 
— G.  E.  C.,  in  his  '  Complete  Peerage,'  states, 
following  Douglas  and  Crawfurd,  that  Sir 
James  Galloway,  who  was  created  Lord 

Dunkeld     by     Charles    I.,     married     , 

daughter  of  Sir  Robert  Norter.  Can  any  reader 
point  out  where  proof  of  this  or  any  other 
marriage  of  Lord  Dunkeld  can  be  found,  or 
identify  Sir  Robert  Norter,  whose  name 
seems  to  be  utterly  unknown  1  It  seems 
possible  that  "  Norter  "  may  have  been  sub- 
stituted for  some  other  name  through  mis- 
reading of  a  MS.  or  misprint.  R.  E.  B. 

NAPOLEONIC  CONSPIRACY  IN  ENGLAND. — I 
am  desirous  of  knowing  of  a  book  or  pamphlet, 
or  other  source,  which  would  give  information 
as  to  a  plot  that  was  formed  in  England  in 
1814  to  assist  Napoleon  to  leave  Elba.  I 
understand  that  communication  was  entered 
into  with  him,  but  that  he  refused  to  accept 
the  offer  of  assistance.  F.  S. 

'  DIE  AND  BE  DAMNED.'—  Who  is  T.  Morti- 
mer, to  whom  the  Editor,  at  9th  S.  iii.  128, 
attributes  this  polemic  against  the  Methodists 
in  general,  and  the  Rev.  Mr.  Romaine  in  par- 
ticular ?  F. 

ALEXANDER  GARDEN,  M.D.— Dr.  Garden, 
a  botanist  of  Charlestown,  South  Carolina, 
and  a  vice-president  of  the  Royal  Society, 
died  in  1791.  In  the  '  D.N.B.'  his  father  is 
said  to  be  a  Rev.  Alexander  Garden,  of  the 
Church  of  England,  who  went  out  to  Charles- 
town  in  1719.  A  collateral  branch  of  his 
family  state  that  the  parentage  given  in 


10*  s.i.  APRIL  23, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


329 


this  dictionary,  and  all  other  dictionaries,  is 
an   error  :    that    his   father   was    the    Rev. 
Alexander    Garden,     Church    of    Scotland, 
Birse,  Aberdeenshire,   to   whose    memory  a 
marble  tablet,  with  a  Latin  inscription,  was 
placed  by  Dr.  Garden  in  the  Birse  Churc 
in  1789.    Can  any  of  your  readers,  or  Dr 
Garden's  descendants,  explain  the  apparen 
error?  ALAISTER  MACGILLEAN. 

STEP-BROTHER.  —  I  have  been  interestec 
lately  in  a  discussion  as  to  the  correct  meaning 
of  the  term  step-brother.  I  have  looked  the 
word  up  in  about  eight  different  dictionaries 
Two  give  decided  definitions,  but  as  they  are 
different,  they  do  not  help  much.  All  the 
rest  give  opinions  which  might  be  considerec 
either  for  or  against  one's  own. 

Must  a  person  and  his  step-brother  have 
one  common  parent?  or  is  it  when  a  widower 
with  children  marries  a  widow  with  children 
that  these  children  of  previous  marriages 
become  step-brothers  and  step-sisters  ? 

RACHEL  BLAIKLEY. 

WILLIAM  GIBBARD  was  admitted  to  West- 
minster School,  8  September,  1777,  and  became 
a  King's  Scholar  in  1783.  I  should  be  glad 
to  ascertain  any  particulars  of  his  career  and 
the  date  of  his  death.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

WELLINGTON'S  HORSES.— Where  can  infor- 
mation be  found  as  to  the  breeding  of 
Wellington's  chargers,  and  particularly 
whether  they  had  anything  to  do  with  a 
"  Wellesley  Arabian "  whose  portrait  was 
painted  by  J.  L.  Agasse?  it  seems  the 
Wellesley  Arabian  died  1811  (J.  C.  Whyte. 
'British  Turf,'  vol.  ii.  appendix);  and  in  the 
'  Racing  Calendar  '  for  1804  and  subsequent 


years  a  chestnut  Arabian  and  a  grey  Arabian, 
both  said  to  be  brought  from  India  in  1803 
by  "  the  Hon.  Mr.  Wellesley,"  are  advertised 
as  stallions.  The  Mr.  Wellesley  referred  to 
was  apparently  Henry  Wellesley,  afterwards 
the  first  Baron  Cowley,  youngest  brother  of 
Wellington.  I  believe  a  good  deal  has  been 
written  about  the  horse  on  whose  back 
Wellington  is  represented  at  Hyde  Park 
Corner.  C.  F.  H. 

FETTIPLACE. — Can  any  reader  inform  me  if 
any  MSS.  or  records  of  the  family  of  Fetti- 
place  are  in  existence  ?  I  believe  the  family 
at  one  time  owned  Ockwells  Manor  and 
Child  rey,  both  in  Berks,  also  property  in 
Oxon.  C.  P. 

COLLINS. — I  wish  to  learn  the  origin  and 
centre  of  distribution  of  the  name  Collins. 
The  name  is  found  in  Ireland,  and  very 
generally  along  the  South  of  England.  Some 


of  the  name  claim  it  as  Saxon,  others  as 
Celtic.  Can  any  of  your  correspondents 
throw  any  light  upon  this  matter,  or  give  me 
the  name  of  an  author  who  has  dealt  philo- 
logically  with  name-origins? 

EDWD.  JACKSON. 

[New  editions  of  Bardsley's  '  English  and  Welsh 
Surnames'  and  Barber's  'British  Family  Names' 
have  recently  appeared.] 

REGISTER  OF  THE  GOLDEN  BALL,  SOUTH- 
WARD —  Is  the  under- mentioned  marriage 
register  in  existence  ?  and  if  so  where  can  it 
be  seen  ] — 

"A  Register  kept  at  ye  Golden  ball  in  Blew 
ball  Alley  in  Sussex  Place  in  S'  George's  Parish  in 
South  wark." 

FRANCIS  R.  RUSHTON. 

LAMONT  HARP. — Who  bought  the  Lament 
harp,  sold  at  Edinburgh  on  12  March  for 
500  guineas?  As  this  passed  into  private 
hands,  its  destination  should  be  recorded  in 
'  N.  &  Q.'  for  future  reference. 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 

THE  SUN  AND  ITS  ORBIT.  —  The  Marquis 
of  Bute,  in  his  translation  of  the  Roman 
Breviary,  published  in  1879,  has  at  p.  408  a 
foot-note  in  reference  to  the  sun,  reading 
thus :  "  Modern  astronomers  believe  the 
centre  of  its  orbit  to  be  a  star  (Alcyone)  in 
the  constellation  Pleiades."  He  quotes  no 
authority  in  support  of  his  assertion,  nor 
lave  I  succeeded  in  finding  any.  Perhaps 
some  of  your  readers  may  be  able  to  throw  a 
ight  on  the  subject.  ROBERT  PARKER. 


WILKIE'S 
Ronald   S. 


JOURNAL 
Gower, 


in 


OR     DIARY.  —  Lord 
his  little  book    'Sir 


David  Wilkie,'  1902,  states  that  on  1  January, 
809,  the  artist  began  to  keep  a  journal.  Can 
any  reader  inform  us  in  whose  possession  the 
original  now  is  ?  I  presume  it  has  never  been 
printed.  W.  I.  R.  V. 

READE. — A  William  Reade  was  Bishop  of 
Jarlisle    about    1500,    and    was    afterwards 
;ranslated   to  Chichester.    In  the  latter  see 
le  was  succeeded  by  Robert  Reade,  where  at 
the  same  time  was  an   archdeacon  named 
William  Reade.    Were  these  dignitaries  re- 
lated  to  each  other?     To  which  family  of 
Reade  did  they  belong  ?    Is  anything  known 
of  the  descendants  of  either  of  them  ? 

W.R. 
Carlisle. 

HERALDRY. — I  want  the  owner  of  this 
coat  :  Sable,  an  escutcheon  of  pretence 
between  eight  howletts  sejant  guardant,  3, 
2,  3,  all  argent.  Crest,  an  howlett  sejant 
guardant  argent.  Motto,  "  Ex  caligine 
veritas."  FR.  ROLFE. 


330 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  i.  APRIL  23, 1904. 


"SMALL  AGE." 

(10th  S.  i.  288.) 

IN  my  '  Concise  Etymological  Dictionary  ' 
I  give  :  — 

"  Smallage,  celery.  For  small  ache  ;  from  F. 
ache,  parsley,  which  is  from  L.  apium,  parsley." 

The  explanation  is  simply  that  the  sound 
of  ch  in  ache  has  been  "  voiced  "  to  the  sound 
of  j  in  age,  owing  to  the  lack  of  stress  on 
the  syllable,  just  as  from  the  M.E.  know- 
lechen  we  have  obtained  the  modern 
Icnoivledcfe. 

I  simply  gave  "celery  "  as  the  explanation, 
because  it  seemed  sufficient  to  identify  the 
word.  The  Oxford  Dictionary  explains 
celery  as 

"an  umbelliferous  plant  (Apium  graveolens) 
cultivated  for  the  use  of  its  blanched  stalks  as  a 
salad  and  vegetable;  in  its  wild  form  (smallage) 
indigenous  in  some  parts  of  England." 

There  is  a  good  account  of  it  in  Lyte's 
translation    of    Dodoens,    book  v.  ch    xlii 
headed  :  —  '  Of    Marish   Parsely,   March,  or 
Smallach.'    As  to  the  name,  he  says  :  — 

"Smallach  is  called  in  Greeke  i\ioffe\ioi>  [sic]  ; 
in  Latine,  Apium  palustre  and  Paludapium—  that 
is  to  say,  Marish  Parsely:  of  some,  vSpoffiXtvov 
aypiov,  Hydroselinon  agrion—  that  is,  wild  water 
Parsely,  and  Apium  rmticum  ;  in  shops,  Apium  ; 
in  French,  De  L'ache:  in  high  Douch,  Epffich;  in 
base  Almaigne  louffrouw  merck  ;  and  of  some, 
alter  the  Apothecaries,  Eppe  :  in  English,  March 
bmallach,  and  marish  Parsely." 

*  Jhie^'E'  ache'  wild  <»lery,  is  as  old   as 
A-D-  130°-  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 


*,i8Qis  *.  Phonffci.c  Codification  of  small 
ache.    See    'Ache'   in    'New    English    Die- 


is  midhp  T?  if0rma,tion  scant  attention 
is  paid  to  the  philological  proprieties  •  other- 

Saxon  stock  welded  on  to  another  of 


ceased  to  have  an 


i^fPe^entexia^nceiaEnglur-Zaluge 


situations.  Like  most  popular  terms  of  the 
kind,  however,  "ache"  was  applied  to  various 
plants  resembling  one  another.  (See  the 
'N.E.D.,'  a.v.  'Ache,'  sb.  2.)  It  is  itself  a 
corruption  of  the  apium  which  garlanded 
the  brows  of  bibulous  Romans  (cf.  Horace, 
'  Odes,'  iv.  11),  and  which  was  used  as  a  mark 
of  distinction  in  the  Isthmian  games.  If, 
too,  one  trespasses  beyond  the  etymology  of 
"  smallage,"  the  literary  pedigree  of  the  plant 
can  be  traced  back  to  the  selinon  of  the 
'  Odyssey '  without  much  misgiving  as  to  the 
correctitude  of  the  generic  identification. 
We  can  hardly  credit  the  Greeks  with  such 
pedantic  accuracy  in  "  dressing  "  tombs  that 
they  always  chose  the  true  parsley  for  the 
purpose.  J.  DORMER. 

"  Smallage,  as  Pliny  writeth,   hath   a    peculiar 
vertue  against  the  biting  of  venomous  spiders. "- 
Gerarde  Q545-1607). 

"  The  leaves  of  this  plant,  which  they  termed 
by  the  name  of  Maspetum,  came  very  near  in  all 
respects  to  those  of  smallach  or  persely." — Holland 
(1551-1636),  '  Plinie's  Nat.  Hist./v.  ii.  p.  8. 

The  Rev.  T.  Lewis  O.  Davies,  in  his  '  Sup- 
plementary English  Glossary,'  gives  the 
same  meaning,  but  adds  that  Tusser,  in  his 
'  Husbandrie,'  1573,  recommends  "smalach  for 
swellings." 

Hey  wood,  in  his  '  Marriage  Triumphe,'  1613, 
says : — 

Smallage,  balme,  germander,  basell,  and  lilly, 
The  pinke,  the  flower-de-luce,  and  daffadilly. 

Herrick  (1591-1674),  in  addition  to  the 
quotation  already  given  from  the  '  Hesperides,' 

in  No.  82  has  :  — 

But,  now  'tis  known,  behold  !  behold,  I  bring 
Unto  thy  ghost  th'  effused  offering  ; 
And  look  what  smallage,  night-shade,  cypress,  yew, 
Unto  the  shades  have  been,  or  now  are  due. 

This  word  has  already  been  discussed  in 
4  N.  &  Q.,'  see  2nd  S.  xii.  252  ;  3rd  S.  iii.  158. 

EVERARD   HOME    COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

Gerarde,  in  his  '  Herbal,'  devotes  a  page  to 
the  description  of  smallage,  or  water  parsley, 
and  gives  a  woodcut  of  it.  He  says  it  is 
"  seldom  eaten,  neither  is  it  counted  good 
for  sauce,  but  it  is  very  profitable  for 
medicine."  Enlarging  on  this  latter  quality, 
he  says : — 

"The  juice  thereof  is  good  for  many  things:  it 
clenseth,  openeth,  attenuateth,  or  maketh  thin ; 

it  removeth  obstructions doth  perfectly  cure 

the  malicious  and  venomous  ulcers  of  the  mouth, 
and  of  the  almonds  of  the  throat  with  the  decoction 
of  Barly  and  Mel  rosarum,  or  hony  of  roses,  added." 

I  quote  from  the  edition  of  1633. 

HOWARD  S.  PEARSON. 

(DR.  FORSHAW,  A.  H.,  and  MR.  HOLDEN 
MAcMiCHAEL  are  also  thanked  for  replies.] 


i.  APRIL  23, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


331 


SHAKESPEARE'S  GRAVE  (10th  S.  i.  288).— Whj 
should  MR.  I.  H.  PLATT  go  out  of  the  trenc 
of  his  argument  to  assert  repeatedly  tha 
the  quatrain  on  Shakespeare's  tombstone  i 
doggerel  1  Surely  no  one  on  this  side  of  the 
pond  will  thank  him  for  it. 

"The  lines  are  said  to  have  been  written  b_ 
Shakespeare  himself;  but  may  we  not  rather  sup 
pose  that  the  sentiment  alone  is  his,  and  that  the 
words  in  which  it  is  conveyed  were  supplied  by  a 
reverential  survivor?" — 'Beauties  of  England  anc 
Wales.' 

MR.  PLATT  asks  if  there  is  any  earlier 
authority  than  Dugdale's  'Warwickshire. 
If  he  is  a  Shakespearian  student  he  shoulc 
know  that  the  monument  was  erected  within 
the  seven  years  preceding  Shakespeare's 
death,  and  that  a  prevailing  tradition  is  that 
the  bust  was  copied  from  a  cast  after  nature. 
There  can  be  no  question  as  to  the  slab  with 
the  "  doggerel "  lines  covering  the  actua! 
burial-place  of  the  "immortal  bard."  "With- 
in this  monument "  must,  of  course,  not  be 
taken  literally  ;  but  doubtless  the  following 
from  the  Warwickshire  volume  (1814)  of  the 
'Beauties  of  England  and  Wales'  will 
help  MR.  PLATT  to  grasp  more  fully  the 
situation  : — 

"About  five  feet  from  the  floor,  on  the  north 
wall,  is  a  monument  raised  by  the  grateful  tender- 
ness of  those  who  did  not  venture  to  apprehend 
that  the  works  of  such  a  man  must  embalm  his 
memory  through  every  succeeding  age.  Inarched 
between  two  Corinthian  columns  of  black  marble, 
with  gilded  bases  and  capitals,  is  here  placed  the 
half-length  effigies  of  Shakespeare,  a  cushion  before 
him,  a  pen  in  the  right  hand,  and  the  left  resting  on 
a  scroll.  Above  the  entablature  are  his  armorial 
bearings  (the  tilting  spear  point  upwards  ;  and  the 
falcon  supporting  a  spear  for  the  crest).  Over  the 
arms,  at  the  pinnacle  of  the  monument,  is  a  death's 
head ;  and  on  each  side  is  a  boy  figure,  in  a  sitting 
attitude,  one  holding  a  spade,  and  the  other,  whose 
eyes  are  closed,  bearing  with  the  left  hand  an  in- 
verted torch,  and  resting  the  right  upon  a  chapless 
skull.  The  effigies  of  Shakespeare  was  originally 
coloured  to  resemble  life,  and  its  appearance,  before 
touched  by  innovation,  is  thus  described :  '  The 
eyes  were  of  a  light  hazel,  and  the  hair  and  beard 
auburn.  The  dress  consisted  of  a  scarlet  doublet, 
over  which  was  a  loose  black  gown  without  sleeves. 
The  lower  part  of  a  cushion  before  him  was  of  a 
crimson  colour,  and  the  upper  part  green,  with  gilt 
tassels.' " 

This  is  a  quotation  from  Wheler's  'Strat- 
ford,' p.  72.  In  1748  this  monument  was 
repaired  by  a  company  of  strolling  players, 
who  raised  money  for  that  purpose  by  per- 
forming in  Stratford  the  play  of  'Othello.' 
In  this  repair  the  colours  originally  bestowed 
on  the  effigies  were  carefully  restored  by  a 
limner  residing  in  the  town  ;  but  in  1793  the 
bust  and  figures  above  it  were  painted  white 
at  the  request  of  Malone.  The  inscrip- 


tion on  the  monument  bears  date  and 
concludes  as  follows  :  "  Obiit  Ano.  Doi.  1616. 
^Etatis  53.  Die  23.  Ap." 

MR.  PLAIT'S  researches  would  be  greatly 
simplified  and  augmented  by  a  reference  to 
the  afore-mentioned  work. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D.,  F.R.Hist.S. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

FOOTBALL  ON  SHROVE  TUESDAY  (10th  S.  i. 
127,  194,  230).— Sunday  football  used  to  be 
common.  Until  1825  an  annual  match, 
beginning  on  the  racecourse,  was  played 
at  Beverley  on  the  Sunday  preceding  the 
races  (W.  Andrews's  'Old  Church  Lore,' 
1891,  p.  96).  Can  any  one  tell  me  whether 
in  this  game,  and  in  Shrovetide  football  in 
Derbyshire,  as  played,  for  instance,  at  Ash- 
bourne  and  Derby — also  in  the  Shrovetide 
football  at  Chester-le-Street — the  opposed 
sides  were  players  from  different  townships, 
districts,  or  trades  1 

From  the  information  afforded  by  corre- 
spondents of  'N.  &  Q.'  I  judge  that  Shrove 
Tuesday  football  is  nearly  allied  to  "camp- 
ing," a  once  popular  East  Anglian  sport, 
which  has,  I  fancy,  been  already  discussed  in 
these  pages.  Certain  French  ecclesiastical 
ball-games,  supposed  to  be  remnants  of  sun- 
worship,  should  also  be  remembered  in  this 
:onnexion,  and  I  believe  that  India  affords 
xamples  of  a  similar  kind.  G.  W. 

'  EDWIN   DROOD  '  CONTINUED   (9th  S.  xii. 
389,  510;    10th    S.  i.  37).— Although  Wilkie 
ollins    did    not    write    a    continuation    to 
Edwin  Drood,'  there  is  such  a  continuation 
attributed  to  him,  now  on  sale  in  the  United 
States,  and  possibly  also  in  Britain.  Its  title- 
page  reads  : — 

" '  John  Jasper's  Secret.'  Sequel  to  Charles 
Dickens'  'Mystery  of  Edwin  Drood,'  by  Charles 
)ickens  the  Younger,  and  Wilkie  Collins.  R.  F. 
Tenno  &  Co.,  9  and  11,  East  Sixteenth  Street,  New 
York  City,  1901." 

This  work  was  written  by  Henry  Morford, 
New  York  journalist,  assisted  by  his  wife. 
They  spent  several  months  in  England  in  the 
ummerof  1871,  living  in  London  and  working 
at  the  libraries,  but  also  visiting  Rochester, 
jradshill,  Cobham,  and  district  once  or  twice 
each    week.      They    worked    upon     "  hints 
upplied  by  him  [Dickens],   unwittingly,  for 
,  much  closer  estimate  of  the   bearings   of 
hose  portions  remaining  unwritten  than  he 
ould  probably  have  believed  while  in  life," 
ind   upon   "  many  other    particulars,     labo- 
iously  but  lovingly   procured.''     The   work 
vas    published   anonymously,    as   a    weekly 
erial,  in  the  Chimney  Corner  (London  and 
York)  in  1871  \  as  a  monthly  serial  in 


332 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [ioth  s.  i.  APRIL  23, 190*. 


shilling  parts  (1871-2)  ;  in  book  form  by 
T.  B.  Peterson  &  Brothers,  Philadelphia, 
1871  ;  and  again  in  London  (342,  Strand)  in 
1872.  At  least  one  other  edition  was  pub- 
lished by  the  Petersons,  so  that  the  present 
(Fenno's)  edition  is  the  third  (or  later)  in 
American  book  form.  I  think,  but  am  not 
quite  sure,  that  the  property  passed  through 
the  hands  of  another  publisher,  between  the 
Petersons  and  the  Fennos,  and  that  this  inter- 
mediate hand  placed  the  names  of  Charles 
Dickens,  jun.,  and  Wilkie  Collins  on  the  title- 
page,  at  a  time  when  both  the  parties  and 
also  the  real  author  were  dead.  Mrs.  Morford 
informs  me  that  these  facts  have  been 
brought  to  the  notice  of  Messrs.  Feuno  &  Co., 
who  have  undertaken  that  any  new  edition 
of  the  book  which  may  be  demanded  shall 
be  duly  credited  to  Henry  Morford. 

Particulars  of  other  "continuations"  of 
1  Edwin  Drood  '  are  to  "be  found  in  '  Dickens- 
iana,'  by  F.  G.  Kitton  (George  Redway, 
1886),  and  in  '  The  Minor  Writings  of  Charles 
Dickens,'  by  the  same  (Elliot  Stock,  1900). 
H.  SNOWDEN  WARD. 

Hadlow,  Kent. 

SMOTHERING  HYDROPHOBIC  PATIENTS  (10th 
S.  i.  65,  176,  210).—  That  this  custom  obtained 
in  England  in  the  eighteenth  century  seems 
very  probable,  for  Gunning,  in  his  'Remi- 
niscences of  Cambridge,'  mentions  it.  Speak- 
ing of  the  Rev.  Samuel  Peck,  B.D.,  one  of 
the  Senior  Fellows  of  Trinity  College,  he 
observes  :  — 

"An  opinion  once  prevailed  in  this  county  [Cam- 
bridgeshire] (and  I  fear  in  many  others)  that  when 
a  person  had  been  bitten  by  a  mad  dog,  and  symp- 
toms of  having  taken  the  infection  showed  them- 
selves, the  relations  of  the  suffering  party  were 
justified  in  smothering  the  patient  between  two 
leather  beds.  This  question  he  formally  proposed 
to  the  judges,  and  to  their  answer  that  'persons 
thus  acting  would  undoubtedly  be  guilty  of  murder  ' 
he  gave  all  possible  publicity.  For  this  he  deserved 
great  credit,  as  I  have  heard  persons  of  undoubted 
veracity  declare  that  it  was  considered  not  only  to 
be  legal,  but  really  to  be  an  act  of  kindness."- 
Vol.  n.  p.  108. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 
JNewbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

Under  the  heading  of  'The  Dog  Days' 
and  '  Mad  Dogs  '  in  his  '  Every  -Day  Book,' 
Hone  has  the  following  :— 


no  cure  for  the  bifce  of  a  mad  dog,  and 
as  at  this  time  dogs  go  mad,  it  is  proper  to  observe, 
Uiat  immediate  burning  out  of  the  bitten  part  bv 
caustic,  or  the  cutting  of  it  out  by  the  surgeon's 
kmte,  is  the  only  remedy.  If  either  burning  or 
cutting  be  omitted,  the  bitten  person,  unless 
opmmed  to  death,  or  smothered  between  feather 
beds,  will  m  a  few  days  or  weeks  die  in  unspeak- 
ible  agony.  Ihe  latter  means  are  said  to  have  been 


sometimes    resorted  to  as  a  merciful   method   of 
extinguishing  life." 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 
Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

HELL,  HEAVEN,  AND  PARADISE  AS  PLACE- 
NAMES  (10th  S.  i.  245).  —  Coventry  has  a 
Paradise  Street,  and  a  row  of  houses  in  it 
are  marked  Eden  Terrace.  Two  miles 
away,  but  still  within  the  city,  is  a  district 
always  known  as  Paradise. 

H.  C.  WILKINS. 

19,  Gloucester  Street,  Coventry. 

In  the  first  '  Gazetteer  of  the  Australian 
Colonies,'  compiled  by  W.  H.  Wells,  and  pub- 
lished in  1848,  localities  called  Paradise 
and  Pandemonium  are  noted  on  p.  330, 
and  one  styled  Purgatory  is  referred  to  on 
p.  350.  In  the  early  years  of  colonization 
there  was  a  good  deal  of  this  eccentric,  un- 
conventional nomenclature,  the  pioneer  gold- 
diggers  being  probably  the  worst  offenders. 
Many  of  the  erratic,  incongruous,  rough- 
and-ready  names  then  conferred  have  been 
very  properly  abolished  during  recent  years, 
and  the  places  rechristened  with  more  grace- 
ful and  euphonious  titles.  J.  F.  HOGAN. 

Royal  Colonial  Institute. 

The  pretty  little  Norwegian  village  of  Hell 
is  reached  by  a  line  connecting  Trondhjem 
with  Storlien,  twenty  (English)  miles  from 
the  former,  and  forty-six  from  the  latter.  I 
have  visited  it  on  several  occasions,  and  ca  i 
testify  it  is  by  no  manner  of  means  in  "a 
deep  hollow,  or  a  darksome  place"  (ante,  p.  95). 
It  lies  near  the  mouth  of  the  Stjordalselo 
and  in  the  midst  of  fine  scenery.  All  its 
houses  are  of  wood,  and  these  are  prettily 
painted — yellow,  grey,  and  a  dark  red  being 
the  predominant  colours.  The  church  itself 
is  of  a  Salvation  Army  red,  with  white  win- 
dow frames,  and  has  a  black  turret.  The 
very  signposts  are  a  pillar-box  red.  The 
name  "  Hell "  is  in  big  block-letters  upon 
the  railway  station  ;  whilst  just  outside  it  is 
a  public-house  rejoicing  in  the  sign  of  the 
"  Bell  Bageri."  HARRY  HEMS. 

Vester  Boulevard,  Copenhagen. 

Three  farms  near  Leyland,  in  Lancashire, 
are  named  the  Old  Purgatory  Farm,  the  New 
Purgatory  Farm,  and  Paradise  Farm. 

HENRY  TAYLOR. 

Birklands,  Southport. 

There  is  a  Paradise  Street  in  this  city  and 
a  Paradise  Works  in  it. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 
Bradford. 

COSAS  DE  ESPANA  (10th  S.  i.  247).  —  The 
troop  of  ostriches  in  the  gardens  of  the  Buen 


i.  APRIL  23, 1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


333 


Retire  at  Madrid,  mentioned  by  Miss  Higgin, 
attracted  the  attention  of  Beckford  in  1787 
('Spain,' Letter  xvi.).  E.  E.  STREET. 

DORSETSHIRE  SNAKE-LORE  (10th  S.  i.  168, 
253).  —  Compare  two  passages  in  Hardy's 
4  Return  of  the  Native.'  In  a  chapter  called 
'The  Closed  Door 'Mrs.  Yeobright,  on  her  sultry 
journey  across  Egdon  Heath,  has  been  bitten 
by  an  adder,  and  the  remedy  recommended 
by  the  rustics  is  oil  from  frying  the  fat  of 
other  adders  : — 

44 '  I  have  only  been  able  to  get  one  alive  and 
fresh  as  he  ought  to  be,'  said  Sam.  '  These  limp 
ones  are  two  I  killed  to-day  at  work  ;  but  as  they 
don't  die  till  the  sun  goes  down  they  can't  be  very 
stale  meat.'  " — P.  299,  new  edition. 

"'Well,  it  is  a  very  ancient  remedy — the  only 
remedy  of  the  viper-catchers,  I  believe,'  replied  the 
doctor.  '  It  is  mentioned  as  an  infallible  ointment 
by  Hoffman,  Mead,  and,  I  think,  the  Abbe  Fontana. 
Undoubtedly  it  was  as  good  a  thing  as  anything 
you  could  do  ;  though  I  question  if  some  other  oils 
would  not  have  been  equally  efficacious.' " — New 
edition,  p.  307. 

The  remedy  was  in  vain :  Mrs.  Yeobright 
died.  The  scene  is  apparently  in  Dorset,  and 
the  story  is  a  repertory  of  old  provincial 
manners  and  customs. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Xewbourue  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

The  belief  that  a  snake  can  only  die  after 
sundown  appears  to  be  shared  by  educated 
as  well  as  uneducated  people.  A  corre- 
spondent writing  from  Georgia,  U.S.,  says : — 

<;  We  killed  a  large  black  snake  very  early  in  the 
morning  one  day  last  September.  When  we  passed 
it  shortly  before  sundown  it  was  still  moving  and 
evidently  alive,  and  it  was  not  till  the  sun  had  gone 
down  that  all  motion  ceased.  The  negroes  all  say 
that  a  snake  can  only  die  at  nightfall,  and  it  looks 
as  though  that  might  be  true." 

I  have  heard   the  same  statement  made  in 
Virginia,  as  well  as  other  parts  of  the  South. 
FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

The  belief  that  a  snake  never  dies  till 
after  sunset  is  likewise  common  in  the  United 
States  among  children  and  superstitious 
adults.  It  matters  not  how  much  a  snake's 
body  may  be  mutilated,  the  belief  is  firm 
that  its  tail  will  show  active  evidence  of  life 
till  the  sun  disappears  below  the  horizon. 
I  had  always  assumed  that  this  superstition 
had  its  origin  among  the  American  Indians, 
but  it  is  now  interesting  to  note  its  existence 
elsewhere.  CHARLES  BUNDY  WILSON. 

State  University  of  Iowa,  Iowa  City. 

CROUCH  THE  MUSICAL  COMPOSER  (10th  S. 
i.  248). — In  the  words  of  the  song  to  which 
he  set  the  music,  "it  may  be  for  years  and 
it  may  be  for  ever  "  that  '  Kathleen  Mavour- 


neen'  will  live  in  the  heart  of  the  lover  of 
Irish  melodies.  It  was  one  of  '  The  Echoes 
of  the  Lakes,'  published  about  1838.  Crouch 
wrote  the  music  of  two  operas,  'Sir  Roger 
de  Coverley '  and  '  The  Fifth  of  November, 
1670.'  He  published  '  Songs  of  Erin,' '  Echoes 
of  the  Past,'  '  Bardic  Reminiscences,'  '  Songs 
of  the  Olden  Time,'  'Songs  of  a  Rambler,' 
'  Wayside  Melodies,'  and  many  detached  songs 
by  various  writers,  which  in  their  day  had 
great  popularity,  and  which  will  be  found 
duly  recorded  in  the  Music  Catalogue  of  the 
British  Museum.  See  also  Brown  and  Strat- 
ton's  '  British  Musical  Biography,'  1897.  One 
of  his  latest  songs  was  '  Donna  Dear.' 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

IMAGINARY  OR  INVENTED  SAINTS  (9th  S.  xiu 
127,  215,  369,  515  ;  10^  S.  i.  159).— Saint  Ubes, 
the  seamen's  corruption  of  Setubal,  a  well- 
known  port  eighteen  miles  south  of  Lisbon, 
may  be  included  in  the  list. 

A  note  in  Black's  'Guide  to  Cornwall,'  com- 
piled by  A.  R.  Hope  Moncrieff,  may  also  be  of 
interest,  not  only  as  giving  a  new  synonym 
for  the  Blessed  Virgin  Mary,  but  also  as 
furnishing  a  possible  explanation  of  the 
dedication  of  St.  Margaret  Moses,  which 
appears  in  the  old  lists  of  City  churches. 
Writing  on  the  subject  of  the  "Furry 
Dance"  on  8  May  at  Helston,  the  compiler 
quotes  the  following  verse  from  the  "  Furry 
Tune,"  sung  during  the  ceremony  : — 

God  bless  Aunt  Mary  Moses, 
With  all  her  power  and  might,  O, 
And  send  us  peace  in  merry  England 
Both  by  day  and  night,  0. 

A  note  adds  that  this  verse  is  explained  by 
Mr.  H.  Jenner,  of  the  British  Museum,  as 
referring  to  the  B.  V.  Mary,  in  Cornish  "  Mary 
Moivse."  It  is,  of  course,  well  known  that 
some  of  the  earliest  dedications  of  churches 
were  to  the  virgin  saints,  who  figure  so 
prominently  in  the  Roman  Liturgy,  and  it  is 
possible,  therefore,  that  St.  Margaret  Moses 
may  preserve  the  memory  of  a  pre-Saxon 
dedication.  H.  2. 

ARCHITECTURE  IN  OLD  TIMES  (10th  S.  i.  290). 
—In  all  but  the  output  of  the  most  ancient, 
i.e.,  archaic  art,  and  frequently  even  in 
examples  of  that,  MR.  FORD  may  find  that 
artistic  enthusiasm,  if  not  religious  sacrifice, 
compelled  finishing  to  the  utmost  the  sculp- 
tures that  adorned  antique  buildings.  The 
statues  from  the  Parthenon,  now  in  the  British 
Museum,  are  as  elaborate  and  fine  in  their 
backs,  which  were  never  seen  in  situ,  as  in 
their  fronts  which  faced  spectators  ;  the  bas- 
reliefs  of  the  frieze  on  that  building  were 
executed  without  stint  of  knowledge  and 


334 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io»  s.  i.  APRIL  23,  im 


care,  although  they  were  seen  by  reflected 
light  only.  Nevertheless,  Michael  Angelo  and 
other  sculptors  of  the  Renaissance  did  not 
illustrate  this  noble  law.  O. 

In  the  third  of  Frederick  Denison  Maurice1 
lectures  on    'Learning    and    Working,'    de- 
livered in  1854,  these  words  occcur  : — 

"  The  sense  of  responsibility  which  led  the  Greek 
to  be  as  diligent  in  working  out  that  part  of  the 
statue  which  would  be  hidden  by  the  wall  of  the 
temple  as  that  part  which  would  be  exposed  to  the 
•eye,  because  the  gods  would  look  upon  both,  seems 
to  have  departed  from  Christendom,  which  should 
•cherish  it  most.  The  flimsy  texture  which  cannot 
instantly  be  discovered— the  carelessness  which 
will  only  cause  some  boiler  to  explode  in  a  distant 
ocean,  where  no  one  will  hear  who  has  perished — is 
considered  no  outrage  upon  the  modern  morality." 

This  passage  may  be  of  some  use  for  illus- 
tration of  the  quotation  from  Longfellow's 
poem  '  The  Builders.'  At  a  later  period  some 
one  lectured  on  'Stucco  and  Veneer'  to 
inculcate  sound  morality.  F.  JARRATT. 

COTTISWOLD  (9th  S.  xii.  506).— The  Cots  wold 
games  are  mentioned  in  the  '  Merry  Wives  of 
Windsor '  (I.  i.),  where  Slender  asks  Page  :— 

How  does  your  fallow  greyhound,  sir? 

I  heard  say  he  was  outrun  at  Cotsole. 
A  full  description  of  the  amusements,  accom- 
panied with  quotations  from  old  authors  and 
illustrations,  will  be  found  in  Charabers's 
'  Book  of  Days,'  i.  712.  For  horse-racing  at 
Cotswold  in  1677  and  1682,  see  2nd  S.  ii.  418 
and  for  '  The  Cotswold  Sports,'  3rd  S.  ix.  80 
100,  128,  185,  355.  There  is  no  place  named 
Cotswold  excepting  that  in  Gloucestershire. 

EVBRARD   HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

WILLIAM  STEPHENS,  PRESIDENT  OF  GEORGIA 
(10*  S.  i.  144,  216).-The  Rev.  E.  B.  James, 
vicar  of  Carisbrooke,  Isle  of  Wight,  was  a 
very  old  friend  of  mine.  On  his  death  his 
widow  consulted  me  as  to  the  mode  of  issuing 
his  Letters,  Archaeological  and  Historical, 
relating  to  the  Isle  of  Wight,'  chiefly  con- 
tributions to  local  papers.  I  suggested  their 
being  placed  in  the  hands  of  some  London 
house  willing  to  undertake  their  publication 
Mrs.  James,  who  died  some  few  years  ago  at 
Shankhn  Isle  of  Wight,  was  a  sister  of  Sir 
Arthur  Charles.  JOHN  PICK  FORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

m  LECHE  FAMILY  (10th  S.  i.  207,  274,  293).— An 
interesting  genealogy  of  a  family  of  Leche 
can  be  compiled  from  the  lists  of  York 
freemen  published  by  the  Surtees  Society. 
Ihe  entries  show  incidentally  the  hereditary 
character  of  the  profession  betokened  in  the 
name,  for  no  fewer  than  eight  generations 


were  successively  members  of  the  York  Guild 
of  Barber  -  Surgeons.  The  registers  of  St. 
Michael  le  Belfrey  have  several  entries 
relative  to  the  family,  and  no  doubt  a  search 
in  other  city  registers  would  throw  consider- 
able light  upon  the  family  history.  In  the 
later  entries  the  name  is  generally  spelt 
Leach,  Leech,  or  Leache. 

GEORGE  A.  AUDEN. 

MELANCHOLY  (10th  S.  i.  148,  212).— See  also 
Cicero,  'De  Div.,'  i.  37,  and  Aul.  Gellius, 
xviii.  7,  "  quse  ptXayxoXia.  dicitur ;  non 
parvis  nee  abjectis  ingeniis  accidere." 

G.  T.  SHERBORN. 

Twickenham. 

EPITAPHS  :  THEIR  BIBLIOGRAPHY  (10th  S.  i. 
44,  173,  217,  252).— To  MR.  MAC-MICHAEL'S 
list  may  be  added  T.  Webb's  '  A  New  Selec- 
tion of  Epitaphs,'  1775,  of  which  there  is  a 
copy  in  the  British  Museum. 

ALBERT  MATTHEWS. 

Boston,  U.S. 

At  the  end  of  the  '  Book  of  Blunders,'  by 
David  Macrae  (published  by  J.  S.  Doidge, 
Douglas,  n.d.),  is  'A  Chapter  of  Queer  Epi- 
taphs,' pp.  91-116.  I  may  also  add  'Into 
the  Silent  Land  :  Epitaphs,  Quaint,  Curious, 
Historic,'  copied  chiefly  from  tombstones  by 
E.  M.  T.  (London,  Simpkin  &  Marshall ;  and 
Bakewell,  A.  E.  Cokayne,  n.d.). 

ERNEST  B.  SAVAGE. 

St.  Thomas,  Douglas. 

JAPANESE  MONKEYS  (9th  S.  xi.  9,  76,  430, 
517;  xii.  237).— Kitamura's  'Kiyu  Shoran,' 
ed.  Tokyo,  1882,  torn.  vii.  fol.  18  b,  quoting 
the  '  Mottomo-no-S6shi,'  written  in  the  seven- 
teenth century,  says  : — 

"  At  Awataguchi,  Kyoto,  exists  the  so  -  called 
'  Temple  of  the  Three  Monkeys,'  in  which  stand 
the  'Non-Speaking'  Monkey,  covering  the  mouth 
with  his  paws,  and  the  attendant  '  Non-Seeing'  and 
'  Non-Hearing'  Monkeys.  These  statues  were  carved 
by  Dengyo  Daishi  [who  first  introduced  to  Japan 
the  Tendai  sect  of  Buddhism,  767-822  A.D.],  and  a 
tradition  attached  to  that  of  the  '  Non-Speaking' 
Monkey  is  that  if  any  one  engaged  in  a  lawsuit 
should  temporarily  keep  it  in  his  house  he  would 
infallibly  succeed  in  his  case.'' 

It  is  almost  needless  to  observe   that  this 
uperstition  originated    in    the    Blue-Faced 
Vadjra's  inculcation  of  the  safety  of  the  non- 
speaking  party  (see  9th  S.  xi.  430). 

KUMAGUSU   MlNAKATA. 
Mount  Nachi,  Kii,  Japan. 

SAMUEL  HAYNES  (10th  S.  i.  269). —  The 
author  of  '  A  Memoir  of  Richard  Haines  : 
lis  Ancestry  and  Posterity,'  privately  printed 
L899,  on  p.  137  says  that  the  seventh  Earl  of 
Bridgewater  married  Charlotte  Catherine 


io*  s.  i.  APBIL  23, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


335 


Ann  Haynes,  "a  descendant  of  Hopton 
Haynes,  from  1696  to  1749  officer  of  the  Mint, 
who  was  probably  from  Gloucestershire  or 
Wiltshire."  To  judge  from  the  date  of 
Charlotte's  birth  (1753),  she  would  be  grand- 
daughter of  Hopton  Haynes,  or,  at  most, 
great-granddaughter.  In  virtue  of  the 
Bridgewater  -  Haynes  alliance  the  arms  of 
Egerton  impaling  Haynes  are  sculptured  over 
the  entrance  of  the  Egerton  family  mansion 
at  Ashridge,  Bucks.  The  Haynes  family  of 
Gloucester  appear  to  have  used  Or,  on  a  fesse 
gules  three  bezants  ;  in  chief  a  hound  courant 
sable,  collared  of  the  second. 

FRED.  HITCHIN-KEMP. 
6,  Beechfield  Road,  Catford,  S.E. 

Samuel  was  son  of  Hopton  Haynes, 
rector  of  Elmsett,  county  Suffolk,  who  died 
25  June,  1766,  aged  sixty-eight,  and  was 
buried  at  Elmsett.  He  was  Fellow  of  Clare 
College,  Cambridge.  He  married,  firstly, 
Margaret  White  on  13  February,  1728, 
at  St.  Helen's,  London,  and,  secondly, 
Mary  Bayley  (marr.  lie.  6  January,  1734/5). 
Hopton  Haynes's  brother  was  Samuel 
Haynes,  D.D.,  Canon  of  Windsor  and  rector 
of  Hatfield,  editor  of  the  Hatfield  House 
MSS.  They  were  sons  of  Hopton  Haynes, 
the  Unitarian,  and  friend  of  Sir  Isaac 
Newton's,  who  was  Assay  Master  of  the  Mint, 
and  wrote  several  books  on  theological 
matters  and  on  coinage.  I  have  many  notes 
about  him  and  his  father  and  grandfather, 
who  came  from  Ireland  and  from  VViltshire. 
He  used  for  arms  the  early  Haynes  coat  with 
bezants  and  greyhound,  and  the  eagle  crest. 
I  shall  be  glad  to  give  your  correspondent 
any  further  particulars  in  my  power. 

REGINALD  HAINES. 

Uppingham. 

COPPER  COINS  AND  TOKENS  (10th  S.  i.  248).— 
I  am  assured  by  a  local  numismatist,  whose 
collection  of  our  token  coinage  alone  is 
valued  at  upwards  of  three  thousand  pounds, 
that  there  is  no  better  method  of  cleaning 
copper  coins  than  to  steep  them  overnight 
in  petroleum,  and  in  the  morning  brush  them 
well  with  soft  soap  and  warm  water. 

An  old  way  of  reading  the  inscriptions  on 
defaced  and  worn  coins  is  to  place  them  on  a 
shovel  over  the  fire,  and  when  they  are  heated 
to  a  certain  point  the  lettering  is  usually 
readily  decipherable. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Bradford. 


the  bearings  on  the  shield  are  Gules,  three 
lions  passant  guardant  or,  with  the  legend 
"  Henry,  Count  of  Lancaster."  I  do  not  re- 
member the  bendlet  azure,  and  my  impres- 
sion is  that  there  is  not  one  ;  but,  speaking 
from  memory  after  the  lapse  of  a  year  or  two, 
I  may  be  mistaken.  J.  E.  NUTTALL. 

Lancaster. 

GERMAN  QUOTATION  (10^  S.  i.  248).— The 
words  "  Ohne  Phosphor  kein  Gedanke "  are 
the  words  of  the  Dutch  materialist  Jakob 
Moleschott,  and  date  about  1852-6. 

JAMES  B.  JOHNSTON. 

Falkirk. 

If  I  am  not  greatly  mistaken,  the  thought 
has  been  pronounced  by  Jakob  Moleschott, 
the  famous  materialist,  and  Karl  Yogt  has 
very  probably  repeated  it  more  than  once. 

G.  KRUEGER. 

Berlin. 

WRECK  OF  THE  WAGER  (10th  S.  i.  20 L,  230).— 
It  may  interest  W.  S.  and  some  others  of  your 
readers  to  know  that  among  the  MSS.  of 
Lady  Du  Cane,  the  report  of  which  will 
presently  be  issued  by  the  Historical  MSS. 
Commission,  there  is  a  copy  of  a  letter  from 
the  lieutenant  of  the  Wager,  written  on  his 
arrival  in  England,  and  giving  a  full  and 
interesting  account  of  the  adventures  and 
sufferings  of  the  ship's  company.  J.  K.  L. 

"MUSTLAR":     "MUSKYLL"  (10th  S.   i.  228). 

— Do  not  these  names  refer  to  previous  donors 
of  light-shot,  or  light-scot,  which  was  a  pay- 
ment for  the  maintenance  of  certain  altar- 
lights'?  Richard  Aleyn  and  Alice  Gen  till 
would  thus  be  merely  augmenting  a  pre- 
existing benefaction.  Gifts  of  candles  and 
lights  for  special  church  purposes,  when 
adequate,  perpetuated  the  name  of  the  donor 
by  being  called  after  him. 

J.   H.   MAC'MlCHAEL. 


CHARLES  THE  BOLD  (10th  S.  i.  189,  232).— 
The  replies  to  this  inquiry  give  all  the  par- 
ticulars required,  for  which  I  am  much 
obliged.  In  answer  to  MR.  LANE,  I  may  say 


"THE  ETERNAL  FEMININE"    (10th   S.    i.    108, 

234). — MR.  EDWARD  LATHAM'S  discovery  that 
this  phrase  was  employed  by  H.  Blaze  de 
Bury  in  his  translation  of  'Faust,'  so  far 
back  as  1847,  would  seem  to  show  that  the 
editorial  suggestion  to  the  effect  that  it 
originated  with  Goethe  is  correct.  But  I  am 
unable  to  believe  that  any  English  translator 
would  have  rendered  Goethe's  "Das  Ewig- 
Weibliche  "  by  such  a  phrase  as  "  the  eternal 
feminine."  It  would  be  interesting  to  learn 
how  it  has  been  rendered  by  the  best  English 
translators  of  '  Faust.'  I  am  unfortunately 
unable  to  refer  to  my  books  at  present.  As 
regards  the  main  point,  I  am  disposed  to 
think  that  the  expression  under  discussion 
was  borrowed  from  the  French  by  some  smart 


336 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      no'-  s.  i.  APKIL  23,  im. 


young  writer  on  the  English  press,  and  that, 
like  other  phrases  which  now  have  a  news- 
paper currency,  such  as  "That  goes  without 
saying,"  &c.,  it  properly  belongs,  not  to  lite- 
rature, but  to  "  journalese." 

W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 
Vizzavona,  Corsica. 

W.  MILLER,  ENGRAVER  (10th  S.  i.  247).— 
The  view  of  Hornby  Castle  is  to  be  found 
in  the  fourth  volume  of  Baines's  '  History  of 
Lancashire,'  published  by  Fisher  &  Co.  in 
1836.  W.  D.  MACRAY. 

The  engraving  of  Hornby  Castle  is  in 
'Lancashire  Illustrated,'  vol.  i.  p.  132,  pub- 
lished by  Peter  Jackson,  late  Fisher,  Son 
&  Co.,  London.  A,  H.  ARKLE. 

CHELSEA  PHYSIC  GARDEN  (10th  S.  i.  227, 
270). — As  a  sequel  to  the  information  already 
given  on  this  subject  I  may  add  what  ap- 
peared in  the  City  Press  of  1  April,  which  I 
think  should  be  recorded  in  '  N.  &  Q.' : — 

"The  Old  Cedars  at  Chelsea.— The  removal  of 
the  last  of  the  four  cedars  in  the  Chelsea  Physic 
Gardens  has  recently  been  effected,  says  the  Gar- 
dener's Magazine,  owing  to  its  having  become  so 
covered  with  a  destructive  fungus  as  to  be  a  menace 
to  its  neighbours.  The  tree  has  been  completely 
dead  for  quite  six  years,  and  the  committee  of 
management,  being  fully  alive  to  its  historical  in- 
terest, resolved  to  leave  it  standing  as  long  as  pos- 
sible. Lately  it  has  been  covered  with  a  highly 
infectious  fungus,  which  would  soon  have  spread  to 
the  healthy  trees  near.  The  wood  of  the  cedar  is 
care  fully  preserved,  but  the  trunk,  though  it  mea- 
sured 13  ft.  round  the  base,  is  entirely  rotten,  and 
would  before  long  have  become  dangerous,  and 
injured  the  trees  near  whenever  it  collapsed.  It 
was  only  when  the  retention  of  this  interesting 
relic— the  first  cedar  of  Lebanon  planted  in  Englanc 
—became  a  source  of  danger  to  the  rest  of  the  garden 
that  the  committee  of  management  sanctioned  its 
removal." 

EVERARD   HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

IMMORTALITY  or  ANIMALS  (10th  S.  i.  169 
256).— Those  who  take  interest  in  the  ques 
tion  itself  should  read  Dr.  Ludwig  Biichner 
'Kraft  und  Stoff,'  last  chapter  but  one,  ' Die 
Thierseele.'  G.  KRUEGER. 

Berlin. 

THE  MIMES  OF  HERONDAS  (10th  S.  i.  68,  216) 
—Scholars  in  England  who  write  to  '  N.  &  Q. 
will  probably  have  anticipated  anything  tha 
an  Antipodean  student  of  the  classics  coulc 
contribute  in  answer  to  MR.  R,  J.  WALKER' 
question.  Still,  it  may  be  worth  while  t 
mention  that  the  whole  external  evidence  fo 
the  date  of  Herondas  (Herodas?)  has  been 
brought  together  in  a  convenient  form  b1 
Otto  Crusius  in  his  edition  of  the  '  Mimes 
(Leipsic,  second  ed.,  1894).  The  most  im 


ortant  of  the  "  testimonia "  there  cited  is 
hat  of  Pliny  the  Younger,  "  Callimachum 
ne  vel  Heroden  vel  si  quid  his  melius  tenere 
redebam"  ('Epp.,'  iv.  3,  3).  Pliny  must 
lave  died  while  Herodes  Attlcus  was  still  a 
hild.  The  idea  that  Herodas  was  mentioned 
>y  Hipponax  as  a  contemporary  is  now  known 
o  have  arisen  from  a  misreading. 

The  internal  evidence  is  a  much  more  com- 
plex  question.      As    it    is    concerned    with 
iialect,  vocabulary,  metre,  and  literary  and 
listorical  allusion,  it  could  not  be  adequately 
reated  except  at  a  length  unsuited  to  the 
mges  of  '  N.  &  Q.'    One  may  say  confidently, 
lowever,  that  the  great  weight  of  scholarly 
authority  favours,  on  internal  grounds,  the 
view  that  the  poet  flourished  in  the  reign  of 
;he  third  Ptolemy.     It  seems  pretty  certain 
that  the  king  mentioned  in  the  thirtieth  verse 
of  the  first  Mime  is  Euergetes.    I  do  not  know 
whether  Prof.  Robinson  Ellis  still  inclines  to 
the  singular  theory    that    the  Greek    poet 
mitated  Catullus  and  perhaps  Vergil. 

ALEX.  LEEPER, 

Trinity  College,  Melbourne  University. 

ENGRAVINGS  (10th  S.  i.  309).— The  engravers 
referred  to  were  not  named  Black.    The  well- 
known    brothers    S.  and  N.   Buck    are  the 
ngravers.  E.  B — R. 

POPE  AND  GERMAN  LITERATURE  (10th  S.  i. 
209).— About  twenty  years  ago  a  German 
scholar,  Mr.  S.  Levy,  collected  some  parallel 
passages  in  the  works  of  Alexander  Pope  and 
Goethe,  which  seemed  to  indicate  that  the 
latter  had  been  influenced  by  the  former. 
The  results  were  published  under  the  title 
'  Einige  Parallelen  zu  Goethe  aus  Pope '  in 
the  Goethe  -  Jahrbuch,  vol.  v.  pp.  344,  345 
(Frankfurt  a/M.,  1884).  In  Eckermann's 
'Gesprache  mit  Goethe,'  vol.  i.,  Goethe  dis- 
cusses Lord  Byron  at  some  length,  and  on 
p.  142  he  briefly  compares  Byron  and  Pope. 
CHARLES  BUNDY  WILSON. 

The  State  University  of  Iowa,  Iowa  City. 

DEAN'S  YARD,  WESTMINSTER,  No.  17  (9th  B. 
xii.  265).  —  This  prebendal  house  never 
belonged  to  the  Bishopric  of  Gloucester,  as 
MR.  HARLAND-OXLEY  seems  to  imply.  Dr. 
Monk,  who  was  appointed  both  a  Canon  of 
VVestminster  and  Bishop  of  Gloucester  in 
1830,  did  not  succeed  to  the  occupation  of 
this  house  (then  known  as  No.  13)  until  after 
the  death  of  Canon  H.  H.  Edwards  in 
September,  1846.  On  Dr.  Monk's  death,  in 
June,  1856,  it  became,  under  the  provisions 
of  3  &  4  Viet.,  c.  113,  sec.  30,  and  an  order  in 
Council  dated  22  April,  1856,  the  Eectory 
House  of  St.  Margaret's,  and  Dr.  Cureton> 


io<»  s.  i.  APRIL  23,  low.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


337 


who  had  been  appointed  Canon  and  Rector  of 
St.  Margaret's  in  1849,  took  possession  of  it. 

With  reference  to  MR.  HARLAND-()XLEY'S 
remarks  concerning  Ashburnham  House,  I 
may  add  that  Lord  John  Thynne  succeeded 
Dr.  Milman  in  the  occupation  of  that  house 
in  1849,  and  that  on  Lord  John  Thynne's 
death  in  1881  it  was  conveyed  by  the  Dean 
and  Chapter  to  the  governing  body  of  West- 
minster School  under  the  provisions  of  the 
Public  Schools  Act,  1868,  sec.  20,  sub-sec.  9. 

G.  F.  R.  B. 

THE  LATE  ME.  THOMPSON  COOPER  (10th  S. 
i.  246).  —It  may  be  of  interest  to  state  that 
your  veteran  contributors  JOHN  EGLINGTON 
BAILEY  and  THOMPSON  COOPER  corresponded 
in  Pepys's  shorthand,  though  the  former  was 
a  disciple  of  Pitman  and  the  latter  of  Gurney. 
A  common  interest  in  the  history  of  steno- 
graphy, and  in  what  may  be  called  minor 
biography,  had  brought  them  together. 
COOPER,  as  I  learn  from  his  brother,  Dr. 
J.  W.  Cooper,  was  born  in  1837. 

J.  G.  ALGER. 

Holland  Park  Court. 

DAHURIA   (10th    S.    i.    248).  —  The    'Die 
tionnaire    Historique    et    Geographique '  of 
Bouillet  says  : — 

"  Daourie,  vaste  region  de  1'Asie  Centrale,  vers 
le  N.E.  entre  le  Saghalien  et  le  lac  Baikal.  Elle 
«st  tres-haute,  tres-froide :  les  monts  qui  la  couvrent 
font  partie  du  Grand  Altai',"  &c. 

C.  B.  B. 

Pierriere,  Geneve,  Suisse. 

Dahuria,  or  Dahouria,  is  a  district  in 
Eastern  Siberia  bordering  on  the  Stanovoi 
Mountains.  J.  DORMER. 

"ANON"  (10th  S.  i.  246).— The  'N.E.D.' 
justifiably  rejects  Thackeray's  use  of  "  anon  " 
in  the  passage  quoted  from  his  lecture  on 
George  IV.  It  is  an  erroneous  and  indefen- 
sible application  of  the  word,  probably  due 
to  some  vague  association  with  olim  in  the 
novelist's  mind.  He  is  not  likely  to  have 
been  thinking  of  the  obsolete  "  anone," 
which  in  Halli well's  '  Archaic  Dictionary ' 
is  said  to  have  meant  "at  one  time"  and  "in 
the  first  place;"  When  annotating  'The 
Four  Georges,'  last  year,  for  Messrs.  Blackie's 
"Red-Letter  Library,"  I  drew  attention  to 
the  anomalous  construction.  It  is  curious 
that  it  should  have  originally  found  its 
place,  and  remarkable  that  it  should  have 
been  allowed  to  keep  it  when  the  'Lectures' 
went  into  a  second  edition. 

THOMAS  BAYNE. 

IRISH  EJACULATORY  PRAYERS  (10th  S.  i. 
249). — These  were  common  in  the  West  of 


Ireland  at  least  seventy  years  ago,  and 
probably  at  a  much  earlier  date. 

A  usual  salutation  by  a  stranger  on  entering 
a  cottage  was,  "  God  save  all  here  ! "  And  this 
was  answered  by,  "And  you  too  !"  A  stranger 
meeting  another  on  the  road  generally 
addressed  him  with  the  words,  "God  save 
you  ! "  or  if  more  than  one,  "  God  save  ye  ! " 
the  common  response  to  which  was,  "God 
save  you  kindly  ! "  Friends  or  neighbours, 
however,  would  begin  the  morning  greeting 
with  "  Good  morrow,  Tom,"  or  Pat,  as  the 
case  might  be,  and  Tom  would  reply, 

Good  morrow  kindly." 

The  usual  expression  on  hearing  surpris- 
ing or  startling  news  was,  "  The  Lord  be 
praised  ! "  and  the  comment  on  a  great 
calamity,  such  as  a  sudden  death,  was, 
"God  is  good."  HENRY  SMYTH. 

Harborne. 

'  N.  &  Q.'  lays  us  under  such  obligations  to 
each  other  (if  we  are  not  basely  ungrateful) 
that  every  reader  should  add  his  mite  to  that 
great  "storehouse."  It  is  up  to  the  present 
moment  universally  the  custom  in  Ireland 
not  to  pass  a  stranger  without  saying,  "  God 
save  you!"  the  answer  being,  "God  save 
you  kindly  ! "  Of  course  this  does  not  apply 
to  towns,  but  only  to  the  country  roads. 

I  should  like  to  know  if  there  is  a  recog- 
nized salute  in  England  or  Scotland  amongst 
the  working  classes.  PATRICK. 

Dublin. 
* 

GRAMMAR  :  NINE  PARTS  OF  SPEECH  (9th 
S.  xii.  504  ;  10th  S.  i.  94).— These  interesting 
lines  were  set  to  music  in  1878  by  Mr.  John 
Longbottom,  then  head  master  of  Woodles- 
ford  Board  Schools,  Leeds,  and  subsequently 
master  of  the  old  grammar  school  at  Warley, 
near  Halifax.  Mr.  Longbottom  is  a  well- 
known  Yorkshire  author  and  antiquary,  and 
he  assures  me  that  the  lines  are  "  as  old  as 
Adam." 

If  MR.  COLEMAN  desires  a  copy  of  the 
words  and  music,  I  will  post  him  one  "  with 
the  author's  compliments." 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

The  verses  appeared  some  years  ago  in 
the  Leisure  Hour,  and  the  author  was  a 
librarian  at  Capetown.  In  spite  of  their 
heterodoxy  according  to  modern  standards, 
I  have  taught  them  to  my  own  children. 

BRUTUS. 

"To  MUG" (9th S.  xii.  5, 57,136,231,518).— The 
Rev.  A.  Smythe-Palmer,  in  his  'Folk-Etymo- 
logy,' says  that  "mug"  is  a  vulgar  word  for 
a  face  or  mouth  (especially  an  ugly  one),  and 


338 

stands  for  mwy,  Scot,  morgue,  a  solemn 
l^e  murgeon,  to  mock  by  making  mouths 
rTamieson)  :  from  Fr.  morgue,  a  sour  face,  a 
ofemn  Sntenance,  morguer  to  look  sourly; 
cf  Languedoc  murga,  countenance. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


alluded 


E3 


'RECOMMENDED  TO  MERCY  '   (10th   S  ..  i  .100, 

2o2\  _A  friend  remembers  reading  in  India 
a  book  with  this  title  by  Mrs.  Eilow*.R  ^ 

rWP  have  failed  to  find  this  under  Mrs.  Eiloart's 
name  in  the'  English  Catalogue.'  Mrs.  Houstoun's 
wo?k  with  the  same  title  is  not  the  one  MR. 
LATHAM  requires.] 

BATROME  (10*  S.  i.  88,  173,  252).-HELGA  is 
surely  mistaken  in  speaking  of  Barthram  8 
Dirge'  as  an  old  Border  ballad.  That  S 
Walter  Scott  believed  in  its  antiquity  cannot 
be  called  in  question,-  but  there  can  be  no 
doubt  that  it  was  composed  by  Robert  Surtees 
of  Mainsforth,  the  Durham  antiquary  For 
evidence  of  this  see  George  Taylor's  'Memoir 
of  Robert  Surtees,'  a  new  edition,  with  addi- 
tions by  the  Rev.  James  Rame  (issued  by  the 
Surtees  Society,  1852),  pp.  85,  2 


— . 

THE  FIRST  EDITION  OF  HORACE  (10th  S.  i. 
103).— As  regards    the    statement  that   t 
eight  spurious  lines  at  the  beginning  of  the 
tenth  Satire  of  the  first,  book  "are  said    t 
be  found  in  only  one  printed  edition  beta 
1691,   it   may  be  observed   that,   according 
to  Mr.  Alfred  Holder  (Keller  and   Holder's 
'Horace,'  vol.  ii.,  1869),   they  are  given  by 
several  editions  before  1515.     See  the  details 
in  his  critical  note.  EDWARD  BEN  SLY. 

The  University,  Adelaide,  S.  Australia. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 


KNIGHT  TEMPLAR  (10th  S.  i.,149,  211).- 
Much  information  on  this  subject  may  be 
found  in  »  Ars  Quatuor  Coronatorum  '  which, 
with  other  works,  may  be  consulted  at  bi, 
Lincoln's  Inn  Fields,  W.C.  P.  A.  X. 

«  FIRST  CATCH  YOUR  HARE"  (9th  S.  xii.  125, 
518-  10th  S.  i.  175,  254).—  In  my  copy  of  Ihe 
Art  of  Cookery,  by  Mrs.  Glasse"  (a  new  edition 
1803),  there  are  two  directions  which  might 
easily  have  led  to  the  above  expression.  lo 
Roast  a  Hare  '  (p.  22)  begins,  "  Take  your  hare 
when  it  is  cased,"  Ac.;  and  'Florendme 
Hare1  (p.  126)  begins,  "Take  a  full-grown 
hare  "  &c.  Mrs.  Raffald  (1807)  also  uses  the 
same  expression  (p.  118):  "To  Florendme  a 
Hare.  Take  a  grown  hare,"  &c.  It  is  easy 
to  imagine  a  wilful  misunderstanding  of  the 
word  "  take  "  in  these  instances,  and  to  treat 

" 


j/rgeicut,      jc«»*w»    "j_        , 
A"H"  Murray.    (Oxford,  Clarendon  Press.) 
A  DOUBLE  section  of  the  great  dictionary,  issued 
under  the  direct  charge  of  the  editor  111 .chief  « Con- 
tains a  total  of  3,803  words,  and  carries  the  alpha 
from  P  to  Pargeted.    Few  previous  parts  are  more 
interesting  or  instructive  than  tins,  and  in  none  is- 
the  editoml  comment  more  edifying  and  important. 
In    the   introduction    Dr.    Murray  explains,  how. 
while  as  an  initial  it  occupied  a  small  space  in  the 
Old  Engli  sh  vocabulary,  the  letter  p  has  grown  to  be 
one  of  the  three  gigantic  .letters  of  the  modem 
English    dictionarv.      He   is   responsible    tor    I 
startling  statement  that  of  the  2,4o4  mam  words 
discussed  in  the  double  section,  one  only, ,pan,  the- 
culinary  vessel,  can  claim  to  be  a  native  Old  Enghs 
word     From  France  came  the  great  invasion  which 
followed  the  few  Latin  words  that  preceded  the 
Norman  Conquest.    Many  of  these  supply,  proof  of 
Court   or   warlike    usage-as   page,  #***•.£** 
palfrey,  palisade,  papal,  pardon    and  the  like- 
though  a  few  were  derived  direct  from  the  Latin 
C  scholars.     While  individual  words  came  from 
Danish       Italian,     Burmese      Chinese,     .Malay, 
Algonquin,  Tamil,  &c.,   a  third  of  those  given  are 
of  Greek  derivation.    We  hope  Dr.  Murray  will 
no think  it  trifling  if  we  as/whether  it  » .asonb- 
able  to  the  growth  of   words  in  p  to  which  he 
refers    that    we   find,    in    the    alphabeted    books 
supplied  us  as  a  means  of  indexing  entries,  the 
letter  p  is    that   invariably  which    first    proves 
inadequate  and  gives  out.    The  numerous  words 
in  ph  answering  to  the  Greek  <f>  have,  it  is  stated, 
no  more  relation    to    the  p-  words    proper  than 
have  those  in  ch  to    c;    that  is    they  constitute 
alien    group,    and   only    for  alphabetical    con- 
venience are  assigned  the  place  they  occupy.  Under 


St.  Thomas,  Douglas. 

HERYLDIC  REFERENCE  IN  SHAKESPEARE 
(10th  S  i.  290).— In  'The  Glossary  of  Terms 
used  in  British  Heraldry,'  published  by  J.  H. 
Parker,  of  Oxford,  in  1847,  p.  34,  it  is  stated 
that  the  sun  behind  a  cloud  is  embroidered 
on  Richard  II.'s  robe  on  his  effigy  at  West- 
minster. N.  M.  &  A. 


however10  be  said"  "of  "other  significations  of  the 
term  as  well  as  of  innumerable  words  Padding, 
in  relation  to  literary  articles  or -books  is  firs graced 
in  1861,  which  we  suppose  is  about  the  time  of  its 
ntroduction.  A  singularly  interest"*  article  « ,  that 
on  pad.  As  applied  to  the  foot  of  the  fox,  no  earlier 
Instance  is  advanced  than  1790.  To  "pad  the  hoof 
is  used  by  Washington  Irving.  The  origin  of  all  the 
senses  of  paddle  seems  to  be  "rare,'  "unknown,. 


i.  APRIL  23,  IDG*.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


339 


or  "  obscure.''1    In  the  form  of  padenshaice  Padi 
••ihah  is  encountered  so  early  as  1612.     The  origin 
ordinarily   assigned    Paduasoy,  of   silk  of  Padua 
seems  scarcely  to  be  accepted.     Pcean,  a  song  o 
praise,  is  used  in  1544  as  the  title  of  a  book,  'The 
Prayse    of    all    Women,    called    Mulierum  Pean. 
Paj/cw— paramour  is    rare,   though   it  is  used   b; 
Shakespeare.      In  sense  2  the  words  of  the  song  pu 
by  Scott  into  the  mouth  of  one  of  the  characters  in 
'The  Abbot 'might  be  noted  :  "  The  pope,  that  pagan 
full  of  strife."     That  page=boy  is  derived  from 
Greek  iraioiov  is  doubted.   Thackeray's  use,  "Ho 
pretty  page  with  the  dimpled  chin,"  deserves  cita 
tion  as  an  instance  of  special  use.     Milton's  fine 
phrase 

Mask  and  antique  pageantry 

is  an  early  and  significant  use  of  the  last  word. 
Pagoda  appears  as  pagotha  in  1634.  Paigle  for  the 
cowslip,  and  pail,  a  vessel,  are  of  uncertain  origin. 
/>a/c*'l<e=peacock  as  is  supposed,  is  encountered 
only  in  Shakespeare.  Palace,  paladin,  palatine,  all 
repay  close  study.  Paladin  first  appears  in 
Daniel's  '  Delia,'  1592.  Palanquin  is  found  in  1588. 
Ben  Jonson  has  palindrome,  and  also  palinode 
Very  interesting  is  the  development  of  pall,  and 
not  less  so  that  of  palm  in  its  various  senses.  Pan 
should  be  closely  studied  in  all  its  senses.  Pang,  a 
brief  spasm  of  pain,  is  uncertain  in  origin.  The 
song  cited  for  pannuscorium,  and  called  popular,  is 
a  little  earlier  than  c.  1860,  and  is,  we  fancy,  by 
Planche.  Panorama  dates  from  1796.  Pantagmel, 
Pantaloon,  and  pantomime  have  all  much  interest. 
The  name  pantiles  seems  to  be  erroneously  applied 
to  the  parade  at  Tunbridge  Wells.  The  earliest 
quotation  for  .papa=father,  once  a  "genteel" 
word,  is  from  Otway.  Paraphernalia  has,  as 
scholars  know,  a  curious  origin  and  history.  Pap 
with  a  hatchet  and  Panjandrum  both  supply  enter- 
tainment. 

The  Prelude.     By  William  Wordsworth.     Edited 

by  Basil  Worsfold.    (De  La  More  Press.) 
Eikon  Basilike:  or,  the  King's   Bool:    Edited  by 

Edward  Almack.    (Same  publishers. ) 
Shakespeare's  Sonnets.    Edited  by   C.    C.    S  topes. 

(Same  publishers.) 

To  the  pretty,  artistic,  and  cheap  editions  of  the 
De  La  More  Press  have  been  added  three  works 
of  great  but  varying  interest.  Wordsworth's 
'Prelude'  forms,  of  course,  an  indispensable  portion 
of  his  poems.  It  contains  many  fine  passages,  but 
is,  on  the  whole,  more  valuable  from  the  autobio- 
graphical than  the  poetic  standpoint.  The  present 
edition  is  accompanied  by  an  admirable  portrait, 
a  map  of  the  Wordsworth  country,  an  introduc- 
tion, and  a  few  serviceable  notes. 

Mr.  Almack,  to  whom  is  due  a  'Bibliography  of 
the  King's  Book,'  for  an  appreciation  of  which  and 
of  the  compiler  himself  see  8th  S.  x.  147,  has  edited 
an  edition  of  the  '  Eikon  Basilike,'  the  work  in 
question.  Unlike  previous  modern  reprints,  this  is 
taken  from  the  first  edition,  an  advance  copy  of 
which,  saved  from  destruction  by  a  corrector  of  the 
press— a  most  interesting  item  in  many  respects — 
has  been  used.  Mr.  Almack  still  holds  strongly  to 
the  royal  authorship  of  the  volume,  and  is  in  entire 
opposition  to  the  claims  of  Bishop  Gauden.  The 
new  edition  is  beautiful  and  convenient.  It  is 
enriched  by  a  handsome  and  rather  sentimentalized 
portrait  of  Charles  I.,  and  has  some  interesting 
appendices.  Its  appearance  will  doubtless  com- 


mend the  work  to  some  to   whom  it  is  not   yet 
known. 

Mrs.  Stopes's  edition  of  Shakespeare's  Sonnets  is 
the  most  convenient  with  which  we  are  acquainted. 
So  handy  is  it  that  we  have  set  it  apart  for  that 
pocket  companionship  for  which,  before  almost  all 
others,  the  book  is  to  be  commended.  An  indis- 
pensable preliminary  to  solving  the  mystery  of 
Shakespeare's  Sonnets  is,  as  Mr.  Butler  has 
told  us,  to  commit  them  to  heart.  Special  value 
attaches  to  the  edition  from  Mrs.  Stopes's  introduc- 
tion. That  we  agree  with  all  her  conclusions  we 
may  not  say.  What  she  writes,  however,  is  worthy 
of  study.  So  firm  a  believer  in  the  Southampton 
theory  is  she  that  the  portrait  of  the  Earl,  repro- 
duced from  that  at  Welheck  Abbey,  forms  a  frontis- 
piece to  the  volume.  This  edition  of  the  Sonnets 
appears  to  form  part  of  what  is  called  '  The  King's 
Shakespeare.'  The  three  works  we  have  conjoin  to 
form  a  notable  addition  to  "  The  King's  Library." 

Old   Falmoitth.      By    Susan  E.     Gay.      (Headlejr 

Brothers.) 

MISTRESS  GAY  (if  we  may  use  the  old  term, 
ambiguously  convenient  to  a  reviewer)  has  made 
extensive  collectanea  of  all  that  illustrates  the 
history  and  fortunes  of  the  interesting  old  town 
from  which  she  writes,  and  we  can  hardly  find  fault 
if  Falmouthian  events  and  personages  loom  dispro- 
portionately large  in  the  eyes  of  its  enthusiastic 
historian.  At  times  the  minute  conscientiousness 
with  which  local  details  are  given  reminds  us  of 
those  old  chronicles  of  which  a  satirist  remarked — 

If  but  a  brickbat  from  a  chimney  falls 

All  these,  and  thousand  such  like  toyes  as  these, 

They  close  in  chronicles  like  butterflies. 

The  author's  industrious  researches  might  have 
been  prosecuted  more  widely  with  advantage.  She 
has  fhuch  to  tell  us  about  the  Killigrews  of  the 
seventeenth  and  eighteenth  centuries,  but  no 
reference  is  made  to  Pepys's  allusions  to  various 
members  of  the  family,  not  even  to  the  Tom 
Killigrew  who  was  the  favourite  poet  and  boon- 
companion  of  Charles  II.  And  what  warrant  is 
there  for  the  assertion  that  the  name  Killigrew 
means  "a  grove  of  eagles"? — which  on  the  face 
of  it  seems  unlikely.  It  is  surely  a  rash  con- 
clusion to  draw  from  the  mere  appearance  of  the 
name  "  Jerubbaal  Gideon"  in  a  baptismal  register, 
;hat  some  Jews  must  have  joined  the  Church  !  The 
Latinity  of  an  epitaph  (p.  46)  needs  some  revision 
to  make  it  intelligible.  And  what  a  quaint  correc- 
tion is  this  at  the  end  of  the  book,  that  for 
'  (Charles  II.  and)  his  father  "  (p.  20)  should  be  read 
'  his  royal  father  "  !  There  is  a  good  supply  of 
llustrations  pleasingly  produced,  some  of  very  local 
celebrities. 

Lent  and  Holy  Week.    By  Herbert  Thurston,  S.  J. 

(Longmans  &  Co.) 

Vlr..  THURSTON'S  book  comes  within  our  ken  as 
>eing  one  that  treats  of  the  ritual  observances  of 
he  Roman  Church  on  their  historical  and  anti- 
uarian  side  rather  than  their  devotional.  Such 
ubjects  as  the  Carnival,  the  Tenebrse  Herse, 
Vlaundy  customs,  the  Harrowing  of  Hell,  and  other 
ire-Reformation  beliefs  and  practices,  afford  him 
mple  material  on  which  to  enlarge,  and  though 
here  is  little  that  can  be  called  new  or  original, 
he  author  writes  lucidly  and  pleasantly,  and  with 
,n  agreeable  absence  of  controversial  acidity.  As, 


340 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [10*  s.  i.  APRIL  33, 1901. 


however,  he  disclaims  any  intention  of  discussing 
the  origin  and  meaning  of  folk-customs— the  use  of 
Easter  eggs  and  the  like— even  though  they  have 
been  more  or  less  recognized  by  the  Church,  his 
notices  of  such  subjects  are  somewhat  meagre  and 
disappointing.  Mr.  Thurston  candidly  admits  that 
many  of  the  accepted  symbolisms  of  the  Roman 
Church  are  without  doubt  mere  afterthoughts, 
which  never  entered  the  mind  of  the  framers  of 
the  ceremony.  To  esprits  forts  seme  of  them  appear 
to  be  (if  not  childish)  childlike  in  the  simplicity  of 
their  make-believe.  Such,  for  instance,  is  the 
custom  of  solemnly  inserting  five  grains  of  incense 
in  the  substance  of  the  paschal  candle  to  typify  the 
wounds  of  the  Divine  Victim.  This  particular 
.practice,  the  writer  conjectures,  may  have  arisen 
out  of  a  misunderstanding  of  the  Latin  words 
"  incensi  hujus  sacrificium,'  "the  sacrifice  of  this 
.lighted  [candle],"  as  if  they  meant  "  the  sacrifice 
of  this  incense.  The  book  is  excellently  printed 
and  illustrated,  and  deserves  the  attention  of  those 
interested  in  ritual  observances. 

The  Parish  Clerk  and  his  Right  to  Read  the  Litur- 
gical Epistle.  By  Cuthbert  Atchley,  L.R.C.P. 
(Longmans  &  Co.) 

IN  this  tract,  written  for  the  Alcuin  Club,  Mr. 
Atchley  makes  out  a  case  of  merely  academic 
interest  in  favour  of  the  lay  clerk  being  allowed 
to  read  the  Epistle  in  the  Communion  Service  as 
well  as  the  Lessons.  He  has  no  desire,  however, 
to  see  the  old  custom  revived.  Why  should  a 
young  man  "completely  baptized"  be  regarded  as 
somewhat  of  a  rarity  (p.  5)  ? 

AMONG  other  points  discussed  in  the  Intermediaire 
during  the  last  three  months  are  the  blood  of 
St.  Januarius,  the  first  introduction  of  pepper  into 
France,  symbolic  shells  used  as  amulets  from  pre- 
historic times,  and  the  authorship  of  the  well- 
'.known  phrase  "  Apres  moi  le  deluge."  This  saying, 
it  appears,  was  in  reality  coined  by  Madame  de 
Pompadour,  although  "  it  was  so  exactly  the  mot, 
the  expression  of  that  reign  of  from  hand  to  mouth, 
that  it  was  believed,  with  reason,  only  the  well- 
^beloved  king  could  have  uttered  it."  The  ritual 
murder  so  commonly  attributed  to  the  Jews  by 
narrow-minded  fanaticism  is  also  dealt  with.  It 
would  be  well  if  some  learned  Hebrew  would  pub- 
lish a  European  bibliography  of  this  subject,  with 
.a  suitable  introduction,  paying  due  attention  to 
the  fact  that  the  bloodshed  attributed  to  his  co- 
religionists in  the  Middle  Ages  can  only  have  been 
specially  horrible  from  theological  reasons.  Every 
•"  civilized"  country  in  those  days  was  so  habituated 
to  the  idea  of  violence  and  outrage  that  the  accused 
must  have  been  detested  because  they  were  held 
to  be  miscreants,  in  the  old  sense  of  the  word, 
rather  than  because  they  were  believed  to  be  human 
beings  who  had  slain  their  fellows. 

Folk-lore  for  March  contains  '  The  Story  of 
JDeirdre,  in  its  Bearing  on  the  Social  Development 
•of  the  Folk- tale,'  an  article  demonstrating  how  a 
legend  is  necessarily  modified  and  toned  down  by 
the  gradual  softening  of  manners  among  the  people 
who  transmit  it  from  generation  to  generation. 
•'  Arthur  and  Gorlagon,'  in  the  same  journal,  is  an 
English  version  of  a  curious  fourteenth-century 
Latin  text  in  which  the  werewolf  idea  occurs, 
sympathy  being  with,  and  not  against,  the  wolf. 
•'  Wizardry  on  the  Welsh  Border,'  by  Miss  B.  A. 
Wherry,  a  very  young  folk-lorist,  who  gives  promise 


of  doing  excellent  work  in  the  future,  is  decidedlj 
entertaining.  More  than  one  of  her  stories  exists 
in  a  slightly  different  form  in  Eastern  England 
For  instance,  Jack  Kent,  who  sent  the  crows  intc 
an  old  barn  while  he  went  to  a  fair,  had  a  fellow 
wizard  in  North- West  Lincolnshire,  where  Willian 
of  Lindholme,  who  also  disliked  "scaring  birds' 
from  the  crops,  imprisoned  the  sparrows  in  asimilai 
manner  while  he  went  to  enjoy  himself  at  Wrool 
feast.  The  legend  is  also  known  to  occur  in  Franc< 
and  Spain. 

PROF.  SAINTSBURY  has  prepared  a  list  of  the  mos 
important  of  Carolinian  poets  whose  work  has  beei 
practically  consigned  to  oblivion,  and  has  arrangec 
for  the  publication  of  their  chief  contributions  t< 
the  poetry  of  the  reigns  of  the  first  and  secom 
Charles.  The  scheme  already  includes  Chamber 
layne's  'Pharonnida'  (1659),  Marmion's  'Cupid  am 
Psyche'  (1637),  Bishop  Henry  King's  'Poems '(1657) 
Benlowes's  '  Theophila '  (1652),  T.  Stanley's  '  Poems 
(1651)and'Aurora'(1657),  Patrick  Hannay's' Poems 
(1622),  R.  Gomersall's  'Poems'  (1633),  Sidney  Godol 
phin's  '  Poems '  (a.  1643),  Kynaston's  '  Leoline  am 
Syndanis'  (1641),  T.  Beedome's  'Poems'  (1641) 
Robert  Heath's  '  Clarastella '  (1650),  Bishop  Josepl 
Hall's  'Poems'  (1651),  Flecknoe's  'Miscellanies 
(1653),  Flatman's  'Poems'  (1674),  Katherine  Phil 
lips's  ("Orinda")  'Poems'  (1667),  Philip  Ayres' 
'  Lyric  Poems  '  (1687),  Patrick  Carey's  '  Poems  an< 
Triolets'  (1651),  and  John  Cleveland's  'Poems 
(1653).  The  book,  which  will  contain  the  necessar; 
introductions  and  notes  to  each  group  of  poem 
and  a  general  introduction  by  Prof.  Saintsbury,  wil 
be  published  at  the  Clarendon  Press  in  two  octav< 
volumes,  of  which  the  first  will  be  ready  in  tb 
autumn.  

Ijtotltta  ia  l&mnsgBn'btntz. 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  followin 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  nam 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  put 
lication,  but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  pri  vatelj 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corn 
spondents  must  observe  the  following  rules.  Le 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separat 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  am 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answei 
ing  queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previou 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  t 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exac 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  t 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repea 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com 
munication  "  Duplicate." 

H.  J.  C.  ("  Quarter  of  Corn  "). — See  the  full  die 
cussion  at  9th  S.  vi.  32,  253,  310,  410. 

B.  W.— Proof  received  too  late. 
NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressei 
to  "  The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'" — Ad  vet 
tisements  and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub 
Usher  " — at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancer 
Lane,  E.G. 

We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  retur: 
communications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do  nc 
print ;  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


io*s.i.ApEii.23,i904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

THE    ATHEN^UM 

JOURNAL  OF  ENGLISH  AND  FOREIGN  LITERATURE,  SCIENCE, 
THE  FINE  ARTS,  MUSIC,  AND  THE  DRAMA. 


Last  Week's  ATHENJEUM  contains  Articles  on 

LOKD  ACTON'S  LETTERS.  The  DIARY  of  Sir  JOHN  MOORE. 

EUROPEAN  THOUGHT  in  the  NINETEENTH  CENTURY. 

CARDWELL  at  the  WAR  OFFICE. 

NEW  NOVELS :— Dwala ;  Green  Mansions  ;  The  Prince  of  Lisnover  ;  A  Ladder  of  Tears  ;  The  Triumph 

of  Mrs.  St.  George ;  The  Lion  of  Gersau  ;  Tally. 

SCOTCH  HISTORY.  ANTIQUARIAN  LITERATURE. 

RECENT  BIOGRAPHIES. 
OUR  LIBRARY  TABLE  :— From  Kabul  to  Kumassi ;  A  Dialogue;  The  Church  of  St.  Mary  the  Virgin, 

Oxford  ;  A  Bibliography  of  Coleridge  ;  Fabianism  and  the  Fiscal  Question  ;  Review  of  Canadian 

History  ;  Clifton  College  Twenty- five  Years  Ago. 
LIST  of  NEW  BOOKS. 
KEATS— SOME  READINGS  and  NOTES;  AFRICAN  LANGUAGES;  COLERIDGE'S  "BROTHER" 

in  WORDSWORTH'S  'STANZAS';  A  FOURTEENTH-CENTURY  DEBENTURE. 

ALSO — 

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SCIENCE  :— Geology ;  Societies ;  Meetings  Next  Week  ;  Gossip. 
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DRAMA  : — '  The  Two  Gentlemen  of  Verona ' ;  '  The  Sword  of  the  King ' ;  Gossip. 


The  ATHEK&JUM  for  April  9  contains  Articles  on 

GREEN'S  HISTORICAL  STUDIES.  Mr.  DRAGE  on  RUSSIAN  AFFAIRS. 

The  LITERATURE  of  the  HIGHLANDS.  HILL  TOWNS  of  ITALY. 

A  HISTORY  of  AMERICAN  LITERATURE. 

NEW    NOVELS  :— The  Gage  of   Red  and  White  ;    Red  Morn ;   Maureen  ;    To-morrow's  Tangle ;   The 

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OUR   LIBRARY    TABLE :  — Modern   Poets  of  Faith,    Doubt,  and   Paganism;    Selections   from    the 

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The  UNIVERSITY  of   DURHAM;   The  DATE  of  WYCLIFFE'S  DOCTORATE  of  DIVINITY; 

The  SPRING  PUBLISHING  SEASON. 

ALSO — 

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Churches ;  A  State  of  a  Sixteenth-Century  Woodcut ;  Sale ;  Gossip. 
MUSIC: — Johannes  Brahms:   Living  Masters  of  Music;   Essai  Historique  sur  la  Musique  en  Russie; 

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The  ATHENAEUM,  every  SATURDAY,  price  THREEPENCE,  of 
JOHN     C.     FRANCIS,    Athenaeum     Office,    Bream's   Buildings,    Chancery  Lane,   B.C. 

And  of  all  Newsagents. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [10*  s.  i.  APRIL  23,  iw*. 

POPULAR    SIX^SHILLING    NOVBLsT" 


By  Mrs.  HUMPHRY  WARD. 

LADY  ROSE'S  DAUGHTER. 

With  Illustrations.  [Over  160,COO  Copies  sold. 

"Readers  have  rarely  been  led  with  such  Interest  along  the  course 
of  any  novel."- MR.  WILLIAM  DEAN  Hoirxr.LS. 

ELEANOR.  [O***  1*0,000  Copies  fold. 

With  Illustrations  by  ALBERT  STERNER. 

"A  real  love  story.... Mrs   Ward  has  never  given  ua  a  book  that 
finds  its  way  to  one's  heart  so  completely."— London  Quarterly  ftnuf. 

HELBECK  of  BANNISDALE.  [7th  Edition. 

"  A  book  which  will  take  rank  with  Mrs.  Humphry  Ward's  best  work 
The  story  is  a  story  of  a  great  passion  worthily  told."— Times. 


SIR  GEORGE  TRESSADY. 


[t,th  Edition. 


"  An  exceedingly  able  book.    We  doubt  if  any  other  living  woman 
could  have  written  it."— Standard. 


By  A.  CON  AN  DOYLE. 

The  TRAGEDY  of  the  KOROSKO. 

With  40  Full-Page  Illustrations. 
"  A  masterpiece.'  —Speaker. 

UNCLE  BERNAC.  [**d  Edition. 

With  12  Full-Page  Illustrations. 
"The  fascination  of  it  is  extraordinary." — Daily  Chronicle. 

The  GREEN  FLAG,  and  other  TALES  of  "WAR 

and  8POKT.    With  a  Frontispiece. 

"These  stories  stir  the  blood  and  make  the  heartbeat  faster,  and 
any  Englishman  who  does  not  enjoy  them  must  have  something  wrong 
with  big  nature."— Times. 


By  S.  R.  CROCKETT. 


The  SILVER  SKULL. 


[3rd  Impression. 


With  12  Full-Page  Illustrations. 
'  A  work  of  real  genius,  full  of  glorious  adventures."— British  Weekly. 


LITTLE  ANNA  MARK. 


[2nd  Impression' 


With  a  Frontispiece. 
1 A  rattling,  rousing  story  of  adventure  and  misadventure." 

Daily  Telegraph. 


The  BLACK  DOUGLAS. 


With  8  Full-Page  Illustrations. 

"A  book  which  grips  the  imagination  in  a  thoroughly  satisfactory 
fashion."— Speaker. 

The  RED  AXE.  [3rd  Impression. 

With  8  Full-Page  Illustrations. 
"  A  powerful  story,  which  he  tells  in  his  own  masterful  style." 

Weekly  Sun. 

CLEG  KELLY,  ARAB  of  the  CITY. 

[MA  Impression. 

"  Teems  with  incidents  of  all  sorts,  and  it  carries  the  reader  along, 
keenly  interested  and  full  of  sympathy,  from  the  first  page  to  the  last." 

Spectator. 

By  BERNARD  E   J.  CAPES. 

The  SECRET  in  the  HILL. 

"  Picturesquely  fresh  in  handling — Mr.  Capes' s  fertility  of  inven- 
tion and  humour  is  at  its  best."—  Daily  Erjn-esa. 


A  CASTLE  in  SPAIN. 

"  A  really  stirring  romance."—  Out'ook. 


[3rd  Impression. 


By  JOSEPH  CONRAD  and  FORD 
MADOX  HUEFPER. 

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FLOTSAM. 

With  a  Frontispiece. 


[6t/l  Impression. 

a     rn. 

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[3rd  Impression,  j 


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The  MAKING  of  a  MARCHIONESS. 

[2nd  Impression 
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341 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  APRIL  30,  190l>. 


CONTENTS.-No.  18. 

NOTES  :— Cold  Harbour:  Windy  Arbour,  341— "Horse"  in 
'  Macbeth  '—Bibliography "of  Publishing.  342— M.  Hildes- 
ley,  344—  "Parade-Rest  "— Shanks's  Mare,  345— "  Only 
Fred" — "Chop-dollar" — Farnley  Hall — "  Vestibule "  as  a 
Verb— Siberia  — Georgiana  M.  Craik,  346— Russian  Folk- 
lore—" Copy  "=Copyhold— Moon  and  the  Weather,  347. 

QUERIES:  — Manzoni  in  English  —  Walbeoff  Family  — 
'Grenadier's  Exercise  of  the  Grenado,'  347— "Feed  the 
brute  "— Byard  Family— Hugo's  '  Les  Abeilles  Imperiales ' 
—  Massinger's  'Fatal  Dowry'  —  North  Australian  Voca- 
bularies —  Cathedral  High  Stewards  —  '  Athena  Canta- 
brigienses'— William  Peck— John  Smith,  Speaker  1705-8, 
348— Printing  in  the  Channel  Isles— '  Irus,'  Supposed 
Play  by  Shakespeare — Stoyle — "Barrar"' — St.  Fina  of 
Gimignano— Military  Buttons :  Sergeants'  Chevrons- 
Admiral  Sir  S.  Greig— Indian  Sport— Wesley  and  Gardens 
— Rev.  Arthur  Gallon— Nicomede  Bianchi,  349. 

REPLIES  :— Passing-bell,  350  — Dr.  Samuel  Hinds,  351  — 
Bellamy's  —  Shakespeare's  Grave  —  Easter  Day  by  the 
Julian  Reckoning  —  Flaying  Alive  —  Marlborough  and 
Shakespeare,  352 — "  Tugs,"  Wykehamical  Notion — Muti- 
lated Latin  Lines— Feudal  System,  353— The  Ploughgang 
— Penrith,  354— Westminster  Changes  in  1903—"  I  expect 
to  pass  through "—" Badger  in  the  bag"— 'The  Creevey 
Papers ' — Sleep  and  Death — Miniature  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton, 
355—"  Hanged,  drawn,  and  quartered" — Martello  Towers 
— Howe  Family—  N  pronounced  as  ng,  356 — Burns  Anti- 
cipated —  Leslie  Stephen  on  the  Eighteenth  Century — 
•  John  Inglesant, '  357. 

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sellers' Catalogues. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


goto. 

COLD  HARBOUR:  WINDY  ARBOUR. 
ALTHOUGH  this  interesting  subject  has 
often  been  discussed  in  'N.  <fe  Q..'  it  has 
never  been  exhausted,  and  unless  you  can 
refer  me  to  some  exhaustive  and  authorita- 
tive treatment  of  the  matter,  I  hope  you  will 
allow  me  sufficient  space  to  raise  certain 
points,  and  to  ask  your  many  readers  to  assist 
in  clearing  them. 

1.  As    to    meaning. — The  best  authorities 
seem  to  agree  that  Cold  Harbour  (with  its 
variants  Cold  Arbour,  &c.)  is  simply  a  com- 
bination   of     the    ordinary     word     "cold" 
(possibly  in  a  sense  nearly  akin  to  our  present 
"cool")  and   "harbour,"  in  the  sense  of  a 
shelter  or  resting-place.    Other  suggestions 
that  I  have  seen  appear  to  be  guesses  ;  but 
it  will  be  interesting  to  have  any  proof  or 
•evidence  that  may  seem  to  support  other 
theories  of  meaning  or  derivation. 

2.  As  to  kindred   "Col"  names. — If  the 
ordinary  suggestion  as  to  meaning  and  as  to 
use    (see  below)  of  the  Cold   Harbours    be 
accepted,  it  seems  curious  that  many  Cold 
Harbours  should  be  close  to  other  places  with 
"Col"  names.    For  instance,  to  mention  only 
a  few  :  Cold  Arbour,  two  miles  west-north- 
west of    Sittingbourne,   is  close  to  Keycol 


Hill  ;  Coldharbour,  two  miles  north  of  Wrot- 
nam,  is  not  far  from  the  Coldrum  Stones  ; 
and  Cold-harbour  farm,  four  miles  and  a 
naif  south-south-east  from  Canterbury,  is 
near  Cooling  Downs.  Near  other  Cold 
Harbours,  or  alongside  the  roads  with  which 
they  are  associated,  are  such  names  as 
dolman's  Ash,  Colley  Hill,  Collickmpor, 
Jolekitchen,  &c.,  and  the  meanings  or  deriva- 
tions of  some  of  them  may  throw  light  on 
some  of  the  Cold  Harbours. 

3.  As  to  equivalent  or  partially  equivalent 
names. — Windy  Arbour,  found  along  some  of 
bhe  old  roads  in  the  North  of  England,  has 
been  stated  to   be  the  exact  equivalent  of 
Cold  Harbour,  though  it  would  seem  to  imply 
that  the  name  was  given  in  an  unapprecia- 
tive  sense  rather  than  as  conveying  appre- 
ciation of    a  cool   shelter    in    the    summer 
travelling   time.     Caldecot,   Caldecote,   and 
corruptions  are  quoted  as  names  of  kindred 
significance,  and  these  seem  to  suggest  that 
the  coldness  is  bleak  and  undesirable  rather 
than  advantageous. 

4.  As  to  use. — It  is  stated  that  our  Cold 
Harbours    were    all    shelters,  or  unwarmed 
resting-places,  along  roads,  and  it  is  some- 
times   suggested   that  they  were  buildings. 
It  is  also  stated  that  they  were  camping- 
places  (without  buildings),  chosen  on  account 
of  sheltering  trees  and  suitable  water  supply 
for  the  travellers'  horses.    Again,  it  is  sug- 
gested that  the  shelters  were  not  connected 
primarily  with  travellers,  but  were  night- 
camping  places  for  drovers  moving  herds  of 
cattle  or  horses  to  distant  fairs  or  markets. 

5.  As  to  locality. — It  is  stated  that "  almost 
all  "  the  Cold  Harbours  and  Windy  Arbours 
are  along  Roman  roads,  and  they  are  asso- 
ciated with  the  Romans.    Alternatively,  it  is 
said  that  they  all  lie  near  old  roads,  without 
reference  to  the  Romans. 

The  collection,  collation,  and  study  of  facts 
from  a  large  number  of  localities  should 
throw  interesting  light  upon  several  points 
which  are  not  at  all  clear  at  present,  and  I 
suggest  that  your  readers  who  have  access  to, 
or  knowledge  of,  Cold  Harbours,  Windy 
Arbours,  Caldecotes,  &c.,  be  asked  to  com- 
municate the  following  particulars  :  —  1. 
Name,  as  now  spelt.  2.  Position.  3.  Local 
suggestions  as  to  meaning  or  derivation  ; 
with  evidence,  if  any.  4.  Other  local  "  Col  "- 
named  places,  stating  whether  the  o  is  pro- 
nounced long  or  short ;  and  their  direc- 
tion and  distance  from  the  Cold  Harbour, 
&c.  5.  Locally  accepted  derivations  of 
these  names.  6.  Distance  and  direction  of 
the  Cold  Harbour  (<fcc.)  from  nearest  old 
trade  road  or  Roman  road.  7.  Suitability 


342 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [10*  s.  i.  APRIL  so,  190*. 


of  the  Cold  Harbour  (&c.)  for  a  summer  or 
winter  shelter,  in  the  matters  of  aspect,  pro- 
tection from  wind,  supply  of  water,  &c 
8.  Suitability  for  a  drovers'  camp.  9.  Suit- 
ability (especially  if  far  from  any  known 
main  road)  for  a  great  fold  or  cattle  shelter. 
10.  Evidence  that  a  hostelry,  caravansary,  or 
built  shelter-house  anciently  existed.  11. 
Earlier  spellings  of  the  name,  and  earliest 
date  at  which  it  is  known  to  have  been  used 
(on  maps,  deeds,  &c.)  in  any  of  its  forms. 
12.  If  on  Ordnance  map,  state  the  fact ;  if 
not,  give  bearings  from  nearest  town,  village, 
farm,  &c.,  also  height  above  sea- level,  and 
nature  and  aspect  of  situation. 

A  reader  who  can  do  no  more  than  care- 
fully search  a  few  sections  of  the  Ordnance 
map,  and  drop  me  a  line  stating  which 
sections  he  has  examined,  and  giving  brief 
particulars  of  the  Cold  Harbours  (&c.)  found, 
or  a  statement  that  none  are  to  be  found, 
in  the  sections  in  question,  will  materially 
help. 

^  If  particulars  are  sent  to  me  I  will  carefully 
sift  and  digest  them.  With  anything  like  a 
general  response  from  your  readers,  it  should 
Be  possible  to  prepare  a  most  interesting 
report,  for  which  room  may  possibly  be  found 
in  your  pages.  H.  SNOWDEN  WARD. 

Hadlow,  Kent. 


SHAKESPEA  RIANA. 

HORSE. — If  ever  there  was  an  emendation 
to  be  made  in  Shakespeare  that  is  certain  and 
obvious,  it  is  that  "horses,"  in  'Macbeth,' 
II.  iv.  13,  is  a  mere  misprint  for  horse. 

The  First  Folio  prints  it  in  a  peculiar  way, 
which  intimates  that  the  printers  missed  the 
scansion  of  the  line.  It  appears  thus  : — 

Rosse.    And  Duncans  Horses, 
(A  thing  most  strange,  and  certaine) 
Beauteous  and  swift,  &c. 

The  right  reading  is  :— 

And  Duncan's  horse  (a   thing  most  strange   and 

certain), 
Beauteous  and  swift,  &c. 

The  point  is  simply  that,  being  a  neuter 
noun  with  a  long  stem,  the  A.-S.  hors  was 
unchanged  in  the  plural,  like  our  modern 
sheep  and  deer.  The  same  is  true  for  Middle 
English  generally— for  Chaucer,  and  (what 
is  here  very  material)  for  Shakespeare  also. 
Indeed,  we  find  it  again  in  the  very  same 
play  !  In  '  Macbeth,'  IV.  i.  140,  we  find  "  the 
galloping  of  horse" 

In  further  proof  of  the  point,  take  the  fol- 
lowing examples,  which  are  all  from  Shake- 
speare :— 


Some  in  their  hawks  and  hounds,  some  in  their 
horse.  Sonnet  91. 

A  team  of  horse  shall  not  pluck  that  from  me. 

4  Two  Gentlemen,'  III.  i.  265. 

Another  tell  him  of  his  hounds  and  horse. 

'  Tarn.  Shrew,'  Induct.,  6L 

Or  horse  or  oxen. — '  1  Hen.  VI.,'  I.  v.  31. 
Oxen,  sheep,  or  horse. — Id.,  V.  v.  54. 

So  also  '  3  Hen.  VI.,'  IV.  v.  12  ; '  Titus,'  II.  ii 
18  ;  '  Ant.,'  III.  vi.  45  ;  III.  vii.  7,  8. 

The  pi.  horses  also  occurs,  as  in  Sonnet  91  :. 
but  it  is  clear  that  the  older  plural  was  still 
well  known. 

The  passage  is  noted  in  Abbott's  'Shak. 
Gram.,'  §  471,  under  the  statement : — 

"The  plurals  and  possessive  cases  of  nouns  in- 
which  the  singular  ends  in  s,  se,  ss,  ee,  and  ge,  are 
frequently  written,  and  still  more  frequently  pro- 
nounced, without  the  additional  syllable." 

That  may  be  true  enough,  but  it  has  nothing 
to  do  with  the  present  passage.  His  alter- 
native note,  that ''  horse  is  the  old  plural,"  is 
alone  correct  here  ;  and  surely  it  suffices.  In 
Sonnet  91  it  rhymes  with/orce. 

The  final  s  ought,  in  fact,  to  be  struck  out, 
because  it  contradicts  Shakespeare's  usage- 
in  many  other  passages. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY  OF  PUBLISHING  AND 

BOOKSELLING. 
(See  ante,  pp.  81, 142, 184,  242,  304.) 

Scott,  Sir  Walter,  1771-1832.— The  Journal  of  Sir 
Walter  Scott,  1825-32,  from  the  Original  Manu- 
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Seeley,  The  House  of. — The  Bookman,  with  por- 
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Shaylor,  Joseph. — On  the  Selling  of  Books. — Nine- 
teenth Century,  December,  1896. 

Booksellers  and  Bookselling.  —  Nineteenth 
Century,  May,  1899. 

On  the  Life  and  Death  of  Books. — Chambers's 
Journal,  1  July,  1899. 

Bookselling  and  the  Distribution  of  Books.— 
Literature,  9  Feb.,  1901. 

Sixty  Years  of  Bookselling.  —  Publishers* 
Circular,  5  June,  1897. 

A  Few  Words  upon  Book  Titles.  —  Ditto, 
27  Nov.,  1897. 

Bookselling  and  some  of  its  Humours. — Ditto, 
5  March,  1898. 

Fiction :  its  Classification  and  Fashion.  — 
Ditto,  14  May,  1898. 

The  Revolution  in  Educational  Literature. — 
Ditto,  13  August,  1898. 

Some  Old  Libraries.— Ditto,  14  Jan.,  1899. 

More  Bookish  Humour.— Ditto,  12  May,  1899. 

On  the  Manufacture  of  Books.— Ditto,  17  Nov.,. 
1900. 

On  the  Decline  in  Religious  Books.— Sunday 
Magazine,  June,  1898. 


i.  APRIL  so,  1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


343 


Hymns,  Hymn- Writers,  and  Hymn-Books.— 
Young  Man,  June,  1899. 

The  Problem  of  Titles.— Book  Monthly,  Nov., 
1903. 

Shurtleff,  Nathan  B.-The  Old  Corner  Bookstore. 

—Publishers'  Weekly,  No.  807,  New  York,  1887. 

Smellie,  William,  1740-95.— Memoirs  of   the  Life, 

Writings,    and    Correspondence    of    William 

Smellie,  F.R.S.,  late  Printer  in  Edinburgh,  &c. 

By  Robert  Kerr,  F.R.S.   With  portrait.   2  vols. 

8vo,  Edinburgh,  1811. 

Partner  with  W.  Creech  (?.».),  and  friend  of  Robert  Burns. 

Smiles,  Samuel,  1816-1904.— Authors  and  Publishers. 

— Murray's  Magazine,  Jan. -Feb.,  1890. 
Smith,  T.  E.  V.— The  Book  Trade  of  New  York  in 
1789.— Publishers'  Weekly,  No.  908,  New  York, 
1889. 

Smith.  Elder  &  Co.— The  Sketch,  with  portraits 
and  illustrations,  3  July,  1895.  The  Bookman, 
with  illustrations,  October,  1901.  The  King, 
with  portrait  of  Mr.  Reginald  Smith,  18  Janu- 
ary, 1902.  Public  Opinion,  12  February,  1904. 
Smith,  George  Murray,  1824-1901.  —  Memoir  of 
George  Smith.  By  Sidney  Lee.  Prefixed  to 
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National  Biography.'  With  portrait.  Royal 
8vo,  London,  1901. 

In  the  Early  Forties.  Charlotte  Bronte. 
Our  Birth  and  Parentage.  Lawful  Pleasures.— 
Four  autobiographical  articles  by  George  M. 
Smith,  Cornhill  Magazine,  November,  1900,  to 
February,  1901. 

In  Memoriam  George   M.    Smith.      By   Sir 
Leslie  Stephen. — Cornhill  Magazine,  May,  1901. 
Smith,  William  Henry,  1825-91.— The  Life  and  Times 
of  the  Right  Hon.  William  Henry  Smith,  M.P. 
By  Sir  Herbert  E.  Maxwell,  Bt.     With  Por- 
trait and  numerous  Illustrations.    2  vols.  8vb, 
London,  1893 ;  1  vol.  crown  8vo,  London,  1894. 
Smith,   W.     H.,    &    Son.  — The    World's    Work, 

October,  1903. 

Smyth,  Richard,  1590  - 1675.  —  The  Obituary  of 
Richard  Smyth,  Secondary  of  the  Poultry 
Compter,  London  :  being  a  Catalogue  of  all  such 
Persons  as  he  knew  in  their  Life :  extending 
from  A.D.  1627  to  A.D.  1674.  Edited  by  Sir  Henry 
Ellis,  K.H.  Small  4to,  printed  for  the  Camden 
Society,  1849.  —  Reprinted  in  Willis1  Current 
Notes,  February,  1853. 

"  This  gentleman  was  one  of  the  most  ardent  of  the  book- 
loving  maniacs  of  whom  we  have  any  notice  during  the 
period  stated.  He  mentions  the  names  of  most  of  the  early 
booksellers  of  Little  Britain,  Paternoster  Row,  and  other 
bookshops  he  almost  daily  visited." — Extract  from  Catalogue 
of  W.  Ridler,  .=.3,  High  Street,  Bloomsbury,  W.C.,  1903. 

Spence,  Joseph,  1698-1768.  —  Anecdotes,  Observa- 
tions and  Characters  of  Books  and  Men.  8vo, 
London,  1820. 

Spencer,  Herbert,  1820-1903.  —  The  Bookselling 
Question  (1852)— Views  concerning  Copyright — 
Book-Distribution— The  "  Net-Price  "  System 
of  Bookselling  —  Publishing  on  Commission — 
American  Publishers.  See  '  Various  Frag- 
ments,' enlarged  edition,  8vo,  London,  1900. 

An  Autobiography.     2  vols.  8vo,  1904. 
See  Index  as  follows :  John  Chapman,  Williams  &  Kor- 
gate,  Longmans  &  Co.,  Experiences  of  Publishing,  Book- 
sellers' Dispute  with  Authors  in  1852. 

Spon,  Ernest. — How  to  Publish  a  Book.  London, 
1872. 


Sprigge,  S.  S.— Methods  of  Publishing.  Crown  8vo. 
London,  1890. 

Stanford,  Edward.— Edward  Stanford.  With  a 
Note  on  the  History  of  the  Firm,  from  1852. 
With  Illustrations.  4to,  London,  1902. 

Stationers'  Company.— Extracts  from  the  Registers 
of  Works  entered  for  Publication  between  1557 
and  1570.  With  Notes  and  Illustrations  by 
J.  Payne  Collier.  2  vols.  8vo,  printed  for  the- 
Shakespeare  Society,  1848. 

A  Transcript  of  the  Registers  of  the  Company 
of  Stationers  of  London,  1554-1646.  Edited  by 
Edward  Arber.  Vols.  I. -IV.  Text,  royal  4to, 
1875-7.  Vol.  V.  Index,  royal  4to,  1894.  Privately 
printed.  London. 

A  Short  Account  of  the  Worshipful  Company 
of  Stationers.  By  Charles  Robert  Rivington,. 
Clerk  of  the  Company.  Imperial  4to.  Privately 
printed.  London,  1903. 

Historical  Notices  of  the  Worshipful  Com- 
pany of  Stationers  of  London.  By  John  Gough 
Nichols,  Jun.  4to,  London,  1861. 

Steuart,  Basil,  1794-1886.— Manager  at  John  Murray' s- 
and  publisher. — See  Chambers's  Journal,  Sep- 
tember, 1903. 

Stevens,  Benjamin  Franklin,  1833-1902.— Memoir  of- 
By  G.  Manville  Fenn.  With  4  Portraits  and 
3  other  Illustrations.  Crown  8vo,  printed  for 
private  circulation,  London,  1903. 

Stott,  David.— The  Decay  of  Bookselling.— Nine- 
teenth Century,  December,  1894. 

Strahan,  Alexander,  c.  1830-  .—Twenty  Years 
of  a  Publisher's  Life. 

Appeared  serially  in  the  Day  of  Best,  1881  (Strahan  &  Co.). 
Announced  in  volume  form  by  Chatto  &  Windus,  1882,  but 
not  published. 

See  also  '  A  Great  Publisher  from  the  North  of  Scotland  r 
(Alexander  Strahan),  Inverness  Courier,  39  December,  1903 1. 
and  an  article  on  Charles  Knight,  by  Alexander  Strahan,  in 
Good  Words,  September,  1867. 

Tauchnitz,  the  Firm  of.— The  Tauchnitz  Edition  : 
the  Story  of  a  Popular  Publisher.  By  Tighe 
Hopkins.  With  Illustrations.— Pall  Mall  Maga- 
zine, October,  1901. 

Tegg,  Thomas,  1776-1846. 
See  Vol.  II.  of  '  Portraits  of  Public  Characters,'  by  the- 

author  (James  Grant)  of   '  Random  Recollections  of  the- 

Lords  and  Commons.'    2  vols.  crown  8vo,  London,  1841. 

Thorns,    William    John.    1803-85.  —  Curll    Papers, 

(Notes  on  Edmund  Curll.) 
See  under  Curll,  Edmund. 

Thomson,  Richard,  1794-1865. — Chronicles  of  London. 
Bridge.     By  an  Antiquary.     8vo,  London,  1827. 
See  pp.  374-8  for  '  Books  published  on  London  Bridge.' 
Timperley,  Charles  H.,  1794-1846.— A  Dictionary  of 
Printers    and  Printing,   with  th«  Progress  of 
Literature,     Ancient    and     Modern  ;     Biblio- 
graphical Illustrations,  &c.  Royal  8Vo,  London, 
1839. 

This  volume  is  especially  useful  as  containing  biogra- 
phical notices  of  English  printers,  publishers,  and  booksellers, 
from  the  earliest  times  to  18.38. 

Encyclopaedia  of  Literary  and  Typographical 
Anecdote.     Royal  8vo,  London,  1842. 
This  is  a  second  edition  of  the  '  Dictionary  of  Printers," 
and  has  a  continuation  of  the  biographical  matter  (chiefly 
of  booksellers),  1839-42. 

Tinsley,  William,  1831-1902.  -  Tinsley,  Edward, 
1835-66.— Random  Recollections  of  an  Old  Pub- 
lisher. By  William  Tinsley.  2  vols.  8vo,, 
London,  1900. 


344 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  i.  APRIL  so,  1904. 


'Treloar,  William  Purdie,  1843-  .— Ludgate  Hill, 
Past  and  Present.  With  Illustrations.  Second 
Edition,  London,  1892. 

Trevelyan,  Sir  G.  0.,  Bart.,  1838-  .—The  Life  and 
Letters  of  Lord  Macaulay.  2  vols.  8vo, 
Longmans,  1876. 

See  throughout  for  Maeaulay's  connexion  and  transac- 
tions with  Messrs.  Longman.    The  mother  of  Macaulay  was 
the  daughter  of  Mr.  Mills,  a  Bristol  bookseller. 
"Triibner,  Nicholas,  1817-84. 

In  Memoriam  Nicholas  Triibner.  By  William 
E.  A.  Axon.  —  The  Library  Chronicle,  vol.  i. 
No.  2.  London,  April,  1884. 

In  Memoriam  Nicholas  Triibner.  By  A.  H. 
Sayce. — Triibner's  American,  European,  and 
Oriental  Literary  Record,  Nos.  197-8.  London, 
April,  1884. 

Borsenblatt  fiir  den  Deutscher  Buchhandel, 
Nr.  118  und  121.  8vo,  Leipzig,  1884. 

Centralblatt  fiir  Bibliothekswesen.  8vo, 
Leipzig,  June,  1884. 

Mr.  Triibner's  MS.  in  German  on  the  'Book  Trade  of  the 
Ancients  '  (see  MR.  AXON'S  note,  9th  S.  xii.  316)  cannot  now 
be  found.  Mr.  Karl  Triibner,  of  Strasburg,  writes  that  "it 
"is  not  among  the  books  he  left  to  the  University  of  Heidel- 
berg, but  I  might  find  it  somewhere  else.  As  soon  as  I  get 
a  trace  of  it  I  shall  let  you  know." 
Tizetelly,  Henry,  1820-94.— Glances  back  through 

Seventy  Years.    2  vols.  8vo,  London,  1893. 
The  greater  part  of  this  book  deals  with  the  author's  life 
as  a  journalist,  but  he|was  connected  with  publishing  both  as 
a  young  and  an  old  man.    He  gives  some  interesting  details 
with  reference  to  Mr.  T.  N.  Longman  (I.),  chap,  x.,  and 
Mr.  John  Cassell,  chap.  xxiv. 
Wagner,   L.— How  to  Publish  a  Book  or  Article. 

8vo,  London,  1898. 

Waters,  A.  W.— A  List  of  the  Eighteenth-Century 
Tokens  issued  by  Publishers,  Printers,  and 
Booksellers.  With  Illustrations. — Publishers' 
Circular,  11  and  18  May,  1901. 

Welsh,  Charles.— Publishing  a  Book:  being  a  few 
Practical  Hints  to  Authors  as  to  the  Prepara- 
tion of  Manuscript,  the  Correction  of  Proof, 
and  the  Arrangement  with  the  Publishers.— 
Boston,  U.S. 
And  see  «.«.  Newbery. 

West,  William,  1770-1854.-Fifty  Years'  Recollec- 
tions of  an  Old  Bookseller  ;  consisting  of 
Anecdotes,  Characteristic  Sketches,  and  Original 
Traits  and  Eccentricities  of  Authors,  Artists, 
Actors,  Books,  Booksellers,  and  of  the  Periodical 
Press  of  the  last  Half  Century.  With  Portrait. 
8vo,  Cork,  1835. 

A  series  of  articles  on  Booksellers  and  Pub- 
lishers, by  William  West,  also  appeared  in  the 
Aldine  Magazine,  8vo,  London,  1838-9. 
Westermann  &  Co.,  New  York.— The  Golden 
Jubilee  of  B.  Westermann  &  Co.,  succeeded 
by  Lemcke  &  Buechner,  4  Dec.  1898.  By 
A.  Growoll.  With  4  Portraits.— Publishers' 
Weekly,  3  Dec.,  1898.  New  York, 


Wilson,  J.  F. — A  Few  Personal  Recollections.    By 
an  Old  Printer  (J.    F.   Wilson).    Printed  for 
private  circulation,  London,  1896. 
Contains  an  account  of  the  career  of  John  Cassell. 

Wilson  (John),  Hogg  (James),  Lockhart  (John 
Gibson). — Translation  from  an  Ancient  Chaldee 
Manuscript.— Blackwood's  Magazine,  October, 
1817.  Reprinted  in  vol.  iv.  of  the  collected 
edition  of  Prof.  Wilson's  Works,  with  Notes 
by  Prof.  Ferrier,  1855-8. 
In  this  squib,  among  the  persons  satirized .  or  otherwise 

described,  are  Blackwood,  Constable,  and  John  Ballantyne. 

Wolters,  W.  P.— The  Oldest  Bookselling  Firm  in 

Europe    (1580-    ).      (E.   J.   Brill,    of   Leyden.) 

Triibner's  American,  European,   &c.,   Record. 

Nos.  191-2.    8vo,  London,  1883. 

The  succession  is  as  follows:  Elzevier  (1580-1617),  Lucht- 

rnans,  Brill. 

Woodhouse,  James,  1735  - 1820.  —  The  Life  and 
Poetical  Works  of  James  Woodhouse.  2  vols. 
4to,  London,  1896. 

Though  Woodhouse  was  better  known  as  "  the  poetical 
shoemaker,"  lie  was  in  business  for  some  years  from  1803  at 
211,  Oxford  Street,  as  a  bookseller.  See  Blackwood't  Magazine, 
November,  1829,  art.  '  Sorting  my  Letters  and  Papers.' 
It  was  to  Woodhouse  that  Johnson  gave  the  advice,  "  Give 
days  and  nights,  sir,  to  the  study  of  Addison,  if  you  mean 
either  to  lie  a  good  writer,  or  what  is  more  worth,  an  honest 
man"  (Mrs.  Piozzi's  'Anecdotes  of  Johnson'). 

Wyer,  Robert,  fl.  1529-56.— Robert  Wyer,  Printer 
and  Bookseller.  By  H.  R.  Plomer.  With 
facsimiles  of  types  and  marks.  Small  4to,  Biblio- 
graphical Society,  1897. 

Wyman. — Authorship  and  Publication  :  a  Concise 
Guide  for  Authors  in  matters  relating  to 
Printing  and  Publishing.  Third  edit.,  London, 
1883. 

Yates,  Edmund,  1831-94.— Recollections   and   Ex- 
periences.   2  vols.  8vo,  London,  1884. 
References  made  to  Smith,  Elder  &  Co.  and  the  Cornhill 

Magazine,  David  Bogue,  John  Maxwell,  Edward  Tinsley, 

George  Bentley,  George  Routledge,  and  others. 

EPILOGUE. 

"If  asked,  Why  Printers  and  Booksellers,  in  par- 
ticular ? — I  answer,  they  are  a  valuable  class  of  the 
community — the  friendly  assistants,  at  least,  if  not 
the  patrons  of  literature, — and  I  myself,  one  of  the 
fraternity.  Let  the  members  of  other  professions, 
if  they  approve  of  the  suggestion,  in  like  manner 
record  the  meritorious  actions  of  their  brethren." — 
John  Nichols  (quoted  from  the  title  page  of 
Timperley's  '  Dictionary  of  Printers  and  Printing,' 
1839). 

WM.  H.  PEET. 


Wheatley,  H.  B.— Prices  of  Books :  an  Inquiry  into 
the  Changes  in  the  Price  of  Books  which  have 
occurred  in  England  at  Different  Periods.  Crown 
8vo,  London,  1898. 

Williamson,  R.  M.— Bits  from  an  Old  Book  Shop 
By  R.  M.  Williamson,  of  the  Waverley  Book 
Store,  Leith  Walk,  Edinburgh.  London,  1903. 

'Wilson,  Effingham,  1783-1868.  —  A  Biographical 
Sketch,  reprinted  from  the  City  Press,  18  July 
1868,  &c.  With  Portrait.  Printed  for  private 
circulation,  1868. 


MARK  HILDESLEY.— A  marble  tablet,  now 
broken  into  two  pieces,  with  a  somewhat 
curious  history,  may  be  seen  let  into  a  column 
in  the  crypt  beneath  the  chapel  at  Lincoln's 
Inn.  It  commemorates  Mark  Hilsley,  Hildsley, 
Hildesley,  or  Hildersley,  as  the  name  is 
variously  spelt,  and  was  discovered  built  into 
the  embrasure  of  a  window  at  No.  13,  Old 
Square,  when  that  building  was  demolished 
in  1881.  No.  8,  Old  Square  now  occupies 
part  of  the  site.  In  Foster's  'Alumni  Oxon.' 
it  is  stated  that  Mark  Hildesley  was  a 
Scholar  of  C.C.C.,  Oxford,  in  1649,  but  he 
graduated  B.A.  from  Emanuel  College,  Cam- 


10*.  s.  i.  APRIL  so,  1904.]      NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


345 


bridge,  in  1650,  and  in  the  same  year  became 
a  Fellow  of  Xew  College. 

The  Lincoln's  Inn  Records  prove  that  he 
was  admitted  a  member  of  that  Society  on 
30  December,  1648,  when  he  is  described  as 
"son  and  heir  app.  of  Mark  H.,  of  City  of 
London,  gen.";  and  at  a  Council  held  on 
26  June,  1650, 

"Mr.  Mark  Hildsley  is  admitted  to  a  Chamber  in 
the  Chapel  stairs  w$iieh  Mr.  Myles  Richardson 
now  holds,  paying  101.  forthwith  ;  '  soe  as  he  doe 
not  keepe  any  office  therein,  the  same  by  reason  of 
the  scytuacion  thereof,  soe  neere  the  Chappell, 
being  very  inconvenient  for  that  use.' " 

He  was  called  to  the  Bar  on  6  February, 
1656. 

Where  he  was  buried,  or  where  the  tablet 
in  question  originally  came  from,  is  at 
present  a  mystery.  The  inscription  itself  is 
not  altogether  free  from  errors  ;  probably 
the  stonemason  who  cut  it  was  an  illiterate 
man  ;  and  the  line  commencing  "Qua  Line's 
in"  appears  hopeless.  Nor  is  it  clear  why 
the  date  1692  should  appear  in  the  upper  part 
when  the  date  of  death  is  correctly  given  as 
1693  in  the  lower  part.  Possibly  some  reader 
may  be  able  to  suggest  an  amended  reading. 
The  inscription  runs  as  follows  : — 
On  the  upper  fragment — 

Optimus  &  Dominus  mihi  Maxim 

ut  Benedicat 
Oro  :  (ut  Fulvu'  Aurum  Virtus 

in  igne  Micat) 

His  mercys  are  to  all  yc  Heare  Him 

His  goodness  unto  ym  y°  Feare  Him 

Feb  xvto  MDCXCii0 

On  the  lower  fragment — 

Exuvia?  MARCI  HILSLY  DOM 

LINCOLNIEXS  :  Hospitio  Armg'. 

Hoc  in  Loco  inhumatur 

MHiLSU  corp'  vit£e  satur. 

Cui  Marc  (Alderman)  Pater 

&  DOROTHEA  fuit  mater 

&  STEPHAXUS  (mercator)  Frater 

P  Cantab  Oxon'  Hue  Meatur 

Qua  LINC'S  in,  Plus  ultra  Datur 

Conjugibus  Bis  Decoratur 

At  Licet  filial'  Quater 

Duob'  Tantu'  is  Beatur 

Natus  15  :  Apr.  1630  Denat  MDCXCIII 

JEr:  LXIII 

Est  mihi  mors  Lucruni.  Felix 
Post  Funera  Vivam. 

ALAN  STEWART. 
7,  New  Square,  Lincoln's  Inn. 
[Is  not  February,  1692,  merely  the  Old  Style  for 
1692-3?] 

"  PARADE  -  REST."  —  I  have  just  read  the 
following  in  the  latest  issue  of  the  '  Oxford 
English  Dictionary  ' : — 

"Parade-rest,  a  position  of  rest,  less  fatiguing 
than  that  of  '  attention,'  in  which  the  soldier  stands 
silent  and  motionless,  much  used  during  reviews. 


1888  Century  Mag.  xxxvii.  465/1.    A'ot  a  man. 

moved  from  the  military  posture  of  'parade-rest.'" 
I  think  some  readers  may  conclude  that  this- 
is  the  known  name  of  a  military  posture  in 
the  British  army  ;  but,  so  far  as  I  know,  it  is 
exclusively  American.  The  name  is  quoted 
from  a  paper  by  John  S.  Wise  in  the  Century 
Magazine  of  January,  1889,  and  its  title  is 
'  The  West  Point  of  the  Confederacy  :  Boys 
in  Battle  at  New  Market,  Virginia,  15  May, 
1864.'  W.  S. 

SHANKS'S  MARE.  (See  ante,  p.  219.)— In  a 
review  of  Mr.  Wright's  'English  Dialect 
Dictionary,'  at  the  above  reference,  this 

Eassage  occurs  :  "  Shanks'  mare  as  equiva- 
mt  to  'on  foot'  is  familiar.  Less  so  are 
such  phrases  as  shanks'  nag  and  shanks' 
galloway"  This  seems  hardly  applicable  to- 
the  practice  of  the  Scottish  Lowlands. 
"Shanks  nag,"  in  the  form  "shanks 
naggy"  or  "shanks  naigie,"  appears  to  be- 
in  general  use  at  the  present  time  in  at 
least  the  counties  of  Ayr,  Lanark,  Stirling,, 
and  Fife.  I  have  heard  "  shanks  naigie " 
hundreds  of  times,  but  my  only  familiarity 
with  "  shanks  mare  "  is  from  its  recognition! 
in  Jamieson's  '  Scottish  Dictionary,'  which 
gives  no  illustration  for  this  particular  form~ 
"Shanks  galloway,"  of  course,  is  a  perfectly 
possible  variant,  and  is  quite  likely  to  be 
common  in  the  south-west  of  Scotland,  but 
its  specific  reference  indicates  its  necessary 
limitations.  "  Shanks  naggy,"  on  the  other 
hand,  has  literary  value,  from  its  occurrence 
in  '  Scornfu'  Nancy,'  one  of  the  old  anonymous 
songs  of  Ramsay's  'Tea  Table  Miscellany' 
(1724).  In  this  song  the  wooer,  who  would 
fain  supplant  a  favoured  rival,  enumerates 
certain  credentials,  which  he  regards  as  per- 
sonal recommendations,  and  then  proceeds 
thus : — 

Although  my  father  was  nae  laird, 

'Tis  daffin  to  be  vaunty, 
He  keepit  aye  a  good  kail-yard, 

A  ha'  house  and  a  pantry : 
A  good  blew  bonnet  on  his  head, 

An  owrlay  'bout  his  cragy  ; 
And  aye,  until  the  day  he  dy'd, 

He  rade  on  good  shanks  naggy. 

In  his  'Ancient  and  Modern  Scottish 
Songs,'  1791,  Herd  reads  "  shanks-naigy  "  ; 
Ritson,  in  'Scotish  Songs,'  1794,  has  "shanks 
naggie,"  while  Johnson,  in  the  '  Musical 
Museum,'  and  Thomson,  in  his  '  Select  Collec- 
tion ' — anthologies  glorified  by  the  superin- 
tendence of  Burns  —  both  give  "  shank* 
nagy."  The  expression  does  not  occur 
in  Burns's  poems.  Jamieson,  who  enters 
"  shanks-naigie "  in  his  dictionary,  and 
gratuitously  terms  it  "  a  low  phrase,"  quotes 


3i6 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [10*  s.  i.  APRIL  ao,  wo*. 


ipm  Ritson  ut  supra,  and  gives  this  further 
illu stration  from  Gait's  'Sir  Andrew  Wylie,' 
"No  just  sae  far;  I  maun  gang  there  on 
Shanks-naggy."  THOMAS  BAYNE. 

"ONLY  FEED." — The  following  paragraph 
from  the  York  Courant  of  26  March,  1751,  has 
been  recently  revealed  : — 

"  Between  ten  and  eleven  o'clock  last  night 
<(20  March)  died,  at  Leicester  House  (to  the  utmost 
grief  and  concern  of  his  Royal  Family  and  House- 
hold, and  inexpressible  loss  of  the  public),  the  most 
High  Puissant  and  most  illustrious  Prince  Frederick 
Lewis,  eldest  son  of  our  Most  Gracious  Sovereign, 

George   II To   form    a   just   estimate    of   the 

nation's  loss  by  the  death  of  his  Royal  Highness 
one  should  be  able  to  do  justice  to  his  character, 
but  that  is  more  than  we  dare  venture  to  under- 
take, and  therefore  leave  it  to  some  masterly  hand 
to  tell  the  world  that  the  joy  of  Britain  is  withered, 
her  hope  is  gone.  The  merchant's  friend,  the  pro- 
tector of  arts  and  sciences,  the  patron  of  merit,  the 
fsnerous  reliever  of  the  distressed,  the  accomplished 
rince,  and  the  fine  gentleman  in  private  life  is 
now  no  more.  Weep,  all  ye  inhabitants  of  the  land, 
pour  out  floods  of  tears,  let  there  not  be  a  dry  eye 
in  the  nation  ;  humble  yourselves  under  this  fatal 
stroke  and  deprecate  the  wrath  of  heaven,  who 
seems  to  have  taken  away  this  great  and  good  Prince 
for  our  numberless  crying  sins." 

44 There's  no  more  to  be  said." 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

"  CHOP-DOLLAR."— In  many  places  in  China 
the  Mexican  dollar,  when  found  to  be  of 
good  silver,  often  receives  the  chop  or  stamp 
-of  the  tradesman  through  whose  hands  it 
passes.  At  Shanghai  the  chop  is  applied  in 
black  or  red  ink  by  means  of  a  rubber 
stamp.  At  Hong  Kong  a  die  is  used,  and 
some  of  the  metal  is  fetched  away  each  time 
the  chop  is  applied.  Hence  the  surface  of 
the  coin  becomes  pitted.  So  much  is  this  the 
case  that  dollars  of  good  silver  are  some- 
times rejected  because  they  have  lost  weight. 
The  interesting  part  of  the  case  arises  when 
we  find  the  term  applied  figuratively  to  any 
one  whose  face  is  pitted  with  smallpox.  On 
first  hearing  the  expression  is  startling,  but 
its  aptness  is  unmistakable. 

I  do  not  find  the  word  with  either  meaning 
in  the  'H.  E  D.'  It  may  be  as  well  to  say 
that  the  Indian  "chobdar,"  "chopdar,"  or 
beadle,  is  a  different  word  altogether. 

Du  AH  Coo. 
Hongkew,  Shanghai. 

FARNLEY  HALL.— In  your  notice  of 
Murray's  Handbook  for  Yorkshire,'  ante, 
p.  259,  you  inquire  if  Farnley  Hall,  three 
miles  west  of  Leeds,  has  disappeared,  and  say 
that  it  is  mentioned  in  '  Cassell's  Gazetteer.' 
Many  gazetteers  besides  Cassell's  mention 
the  Farnley  Hall  alluded  to,  but  what  is 


most  generally  meant  by  Farnley  Hall  is  the 
seat  of  the  Fawkeses.  Other  discrepancies 
and  omissions  in  this  excellent  work  could 
readily  be  pointed  out,  but  presumably  the 
book  has  already  assumed  sufficiently  alarm- 
ing dimensions  without  giving  every  place 
worth  mentioning  in  our  broad-acred  shire. 

We  have  in  Yorkshire — all  in  this  imme- 
diate district — Farnley,  in  the  parish  of 
Otley  ;  Farnley,  in  the  parish  of  Leeds  ; 
Farnley  Hey,  a  hamlet  in  the  parish  of 
Almond  bury  ;  and  Farnley-Tyas,  a  township 
in  the  parish  of  Almondbury.  In  the  last- 
named  Farnley  is  Woodsome  Hall,  one  of  the 
seats  of  the  Earl  of  Dartmouth,  which  is 
frequently  alluded  to  as  Farnley  Hall. 

As  regards  the  Farnley  Hall  which  is 
missing  from  'Murray,'  the  'National 
Gazetteer '  (1868)  says  :— 

"  Farnley  is  a  chapelry  in  the  parish  and  borough 
of  Leeds,  West  Riding,  co.  York,  four  miles  south- 
west of  Leeds  and  six  east  of  Bradford.  The 
Wortley  station  on  the  Great  Northern  Railway  is 

about  one  mile  to  the  north-east Farnley  Hall  is 

the  principal  residence." 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Bradford. 

"VESTIBULE"  AS  A  VERB. — The  announce- 
ment is  going  the  round  of  the  newspapers 
that  through  carriages  on  a  certain  train 
between  London  and  Hull  will  henceforward 
"  be  vestibuled  through "  to  an  express  at 
an  intermediate  station  ;  and  this  use  of 
"vestibule"  as  a  verb  seems  to  deserve  note. 

A.  F.  R. 

SIBERIA. — The  Russian  name  of  Siberia, 
viz.,  Sibir,  has  been  sometimes  connected, 
indeed,  with  the  Russian  and  Slavonic  word 
for  north  =  sever,  as  incidentally  suggested 
by  MR.  DODGSON  in  his  note  (ante,  p.  264). 
This  supposition  must  be,  however,  now 
entirely  abandoned,  since  it  is  unfounded. 
According  to  Potanin  (quoted  in  Vivien  de 
Saint-Martin's  '  Dictionnaire  Geographique,' 
vii.  885),  the  most  probable  derivation  of 
Sibir  is  from  the  name  of  a  Mongolian  or 
Tatar  tribe  first  known  to  Russia  in  the 
sixteenth  century,  and  afterwards  gradually 
extended  to  the  whole  of  Asiatic  Siberia. 
The  same  view  is  held  by  Prof.  Morfill,  as  he 
kindly  informed  me.  H.  KREBS. 

GEORGIANA  M.  CRAIK.— In  his  'English 
Literature  in  the  Reign  of  Queen  Victoria,' 
published  in  1881,  the  late  Henry  Morley  said 
that  "  Miss  Georgiana  Craik  began  to  write 
novels  in  1859."  He  repeated  this  in  the 
revised  '  First  Sketch  of  English  Literature,' 
in  which  he  practically  embodied  the  Vic- 
torian book.  The  attention  thus  given  by  an 


10*  s.  i.  APRIL  so,  1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


347 


industrious  and,  in  many  ways,  admirable 
historian  to  a  thoroughly  deserving  writer 
does  him  every  credit,  and  reference  is  now 
made  to  it  here  in  order  to  supplement  what 
is  said  as  to  the  author's  first  appearance  as 
a  novelist.  In  his  '  Memories  of  a  Long 
Life,'  David  Douglas  notes  with  interest 
the  fact  that  Mrs.  Carlyle,  in  a  letter  of 
5  November,  1857,  makes  an  allusion  to  Miss 
Craik's  first  novel.  The  point  is  not  one  of 
the  first  importance,  but  as  the  authors  of 
recent  literary  text-books  ignore  Miss  Craik, 
it  seems  worth  while  to  note  and  rectify 
Morley's  reference.  THOMAS  BAYNE. 

['Riverston,'  a  novel  by  Georgiana  M.  Craik, 
was  published  in  three  volumes  by  Smith  &  Elder 
in  1857.] 

RUSSIAN  FOLK  -  LORE.  —  The  following 
instance  of  Russian  folk-lore  of  a  new  kind 
appears  in  the  Morning  Post  of  4  April.  It  is 
worth  preserving  in  a  corner  of  '  N.  &,  Q.' : — 

"  The  St.  Petersburg  Correspondent  of  the  Petit 
Parisien  telegraphs  to-day  [3  April] :  '  Rumours  are 
current  among  tne  Russian  troops  in  Manchuria  to 
the  effect  that  the  Japanese  possess  wonderful 
magnetic  stones  endowed  with  magical  properties, 
rendering  the  adversaries  of  the  owners  incapable 
of  fighting.  The  Russian  officers  are  endeavouring' 
to  destroy  the  superstition  by  performing  experi- 
ments with  magnetised  stones  in  the  presence  of  the 
soldiers,  but  the  men,  nevertheless,  continue  to 
lament  their  hard  fate  in  being  sent  to  fight 
sorcerers.'"' 

ASTARTE. 

11  COPY  "=COPYHOLD.— "  My  leases  or  copies 
in  Nottinghamshire,  Lincolnshire,  Worcester- 
shire, or  elsewhere "  (will  of  Martin  Sandys, 
of  Worcester,  Esquire,  5  Sept.,  1750,  P.C.C. 
31  Searle).  GEORGE  SHERWOOD. 

50,  Beecroft  Roa.d,  Brockley,  S.E. 

THE  MOON  AND  THE  WEATHER.  —  The 
incessant  rain  for  the  last  year  or  more  has 
led  me  to  consult  'N.  &  Q.'  for  an  explana- 
tion. Its  pages  should  solve  every  difficulty; 
but  my  search  as  yet  has  been  unavailing.  I 
find,  however,  some  notes  under  the  above 
heading  in  the  First  and  other  Series,  but 
generally  dismissing  ex  cathedra  the  question 
of  lunar  influence. 

In  Dr.  Adam  Clarke's  works  ('Detached 
Pieces,'  vol.  ii.  No.  16)  there  is  an  article  on 
the  subject,  to  which  it  may  be  worth  while 
to  make  reference.  He  there  sets  out  a  table, 
said  to  have  been  prepared  by  Dr.  Herschel, 
and  "  professing  to  form  prognostics  of  the 
weather  by  the  times  of  the  change,  full  and 
quarters,  of  the  moon " ;  and  he  continues, 
"I  have  carefully  consulted  this  table  for 
several  years,  and  was  amazed  at  its  general 
accuracy."  This  table  was  disclaimed  by  Sir 


John  Herschel  as  the  work  of  his  father  ;  but, 
whoever  the  author,  Dr.  Clarke  considered 
"  the  table,  judiciously  observed,  might  be  of 
public  benefit."  The  general  principle  under- 
lying it  appears  to  oe  that  the  nearer  the 
change  of  the  moon  to  midnight,  the  greater 
the  probability  of  fine  weather.  This  is  sub- 
ject, of  course,  to  other  conditions,  all  of 
which  are  shown  in  the  table.  Dr.  Clarke 
was  hardly  the  man  to  write  carelessly,  and 
if  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  would  like  to  see  his 
table  I  will  forward  it. 

A  propos  of  this  subject,  there  are  some 
lines,  written  years  ago,  in  the  visitors' 
album  of  the  "  White  Lion  "  at  Bala  which 
should  not  be  lost.  I  quote  from  memory  :  — 
The  weather  depends  on  the  moon,  it  is  said, 

And  I've  found  that  the  saying  is  true, 
For  at  Bala  it  rains  when  the  moon 's  at  the  full, 

And  it  rains  when  the  moon 's  at  the  new. 

When  the  moon's  at  the  quarter,  then  down  comes 

the  rain ; 

At  the  half  it 's  no  better,  I  ween  ; 
When  the  moon's  at  three  quarters,  it's  at  it 

again, 
And  besides  it  rains  mostly  between. 


Lucis. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 
r. 

MANZONI  IN  ENGLISH. — I  should  like  to 
know  if  there  is  a  good  English  translation 
of  Manzoni's  'Cinque  Maggio/  and  of  the 
famous  chorus  in  the  'Conte  di  Carmagnola,' 
by  the  same  author.  Many  years  ago  I  read 
a  masterly  translation  of  '  Cinque  Maggio ' 
in  one  of  the  American  magazines  —  the 
Eclectic  Magazine— from  the  pen,  if  I  recollect 
aright,  of  Lord  Derby  ;  but  that  number  of 
the  magazine  is  now  out  of  print.  I  remember 
that  the  rendering  of  the  line 

Fu  vera  gloria  ?    Ai  posteri,  &c., 
was  striking  :— 

Was  it  true  glory  ?    Answer  ye 
That  are  not,  but  that  are  to  be. 

C.    LOMBARDI. 
Portland,  Oregon. 

WALBEOFF  FAMILY.— Can  any  reader  of 
'  N.  <fe  Q.'give  me  information  with  regard  to 
this  family  ?  Do  any  of  the  name  still  exist  ? 

DIPLOMAT. 

'THE  GRENADIER'S  EXERCISE  OF  THE 
GRENADO.' — Would  W.  S.  kindly  inform  me 
where  a  copy  may  be  seen  of  '  The  Grenadier's 
Exercise  of  the  Grenado  in  H.M.  First  Regi- 


343 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  i.  APRIL  so,  im. 


ment  of  Foot  Guards,'  1745  (ante,  p.  31)  ?  No 
mention  is  made  of  it  in  any  of  the  half-dozen 
military  library  catalogues  to  which  I  have 
referred.  Was  this  edition  of  1745  the  only 
one  issued  ?  M.  J.  D.  C. 

Solan,  Punjab. 

"FEED  THE  BRUTE."—  I  shall  be  glad  to 
know  the  origin  of  this  phrase.  I  have  some 
misty  recollection  that  it  appeared  in  Punch 
some  years  since,  but  am  not  certain  on  the 
point.  A.  G. 

BYARD  FAMILY.  —In  Ecclesfield  Church 
Yorkshire,  there  is  a  tablet  to  the  memory 
of  George  Byard,  Gent,  late  of  Farfield 
near  Sheffield,  and  formerly  of  St.  James's 
Clerkenwell,  London,  who  died  30  October, 
1813  ;  also  to  his  father  Kobert  Byard,  late  oi 
Covent  Garden,  London,  Gent.,  who  diec 
11  May,  1771.  Any  further  particulars  as  to 
this  family  would  be  acceptable. 

T.  WORSLEY  STANIFORTH. 

.Buxton,  Derbyshire. 

HUGO'S  'LES  ABEILLES  IMPERIALES.'—  Can 
any  reader  kindly  tell  me  in  what  part  of 
Victor  Hugo's  works  I  can  find  a  poem 
entitled  'Les  Abeilles  Iinperiales,'  which 
Gambetta  is  said  to  have  been  fond  of  reciting? 
I  have  searched  the  indexes  to  the  successive 
volumes  of  the  collected  edition,  but  in  vain. 

CYRIL. 

MASSINGER'S  '  FATAL  DOWRY.'—  At  the  end 
of  this  fine  play,  so  far  as  my  recollection 
goes  after  many  years,  Romont  (I  think  after 
the  death  of  Charalois)  says  as  follows  :— 
The  tears  which  I  was  never  wont  to  shed 
-Now  flow  from  me  like  a  woman's. 
Having  quite    recently  bought   a    copy    of 
Massmger  and  Ford's  plays,  I  do  not  find 
this  passage.    Can  any  of  your  readers  inform 
me  it  these  lines  are  really  to  be  found  in 
the  original  text,  or  if  they  belong  to  another 

Ki  M    The  °0Py  I  have  bought  is  published 
by  Messrs.  Routledge. 

GEORGE  W.  H.  GIRTIN. 

Pf  Sffge  TU-rS  V"  the  Place  indicated  in 
of  the  play  m  Gifford's  •  Massinger  '  of 
L813  which  is  authoritative.    Passages  of  somewhat 

*  niay  be  found-  but 


KX  Whlch'  as  thev  were  too  long  to 

f"  WaS   ?°ing    to  deP°8ifc   in    the 
Museum.    I  cannot  find  any  trace  of 


them  in  the  MS.  Department,  and  they  do 
not  seem  to  have  reached  the  Museum.  Can 
any  reader  say  where  they  are  1 

N.  W.  THOMAS. 
7,  Coptic  Street,  W.C. 

[Macgillivray  wrote  in  1852.] 

CATHEDRAL  HIGH  STEWARDS.—  What  are 
supposed  to  be  the  duties  of  these  func- 
tionaries ?  The  late  Earl  Kimberley  was 
High  Steward  of  Norwich  Cathedral,  and,  I 
believe,  drew  a  nominal  stipend  of  three  or 
four  pounds  annually.  It  seems  that  Norwich 
is  unique  in  possessing  such  an  official,  but 
I  have  been  unable  to  discover  the  origin 
and  cause  of  the  office  here. 

JAMES  HOOPER. 
Norwich. 


CANTABRIGIENSES.'  —  The  first 
volume  was  published  in  1858,  the  second  in 
1861,  and  at  the  end  of  this  it  is  announced 
that  "a  third  volume  is  in  preparation  and 
will  shortly  be  sent  to  press."  Was  the  latter 
ever  published  ? 

'  Graduati  Cantabrigienses  '  (Hustler),  1823,. 
and  '  A  Catalogue  of  Oxford  Graduates,'  1851,. 
are  lists  of  the  graduates  of  each  university. 
Each  begins  at  the  year  1659.  Is  this  merely 
a  coincidence,  or  is  there  some  reason  there- 
for? GEORGE  C.  PEACHEY. 

WILLIAM  PECK.  —  In  Head's  '  History  of  the 
Isle  of  Axholme'  there  is  a  biographical 
notice  of  William  Peck,  author  of  '  The 
Topography  of  Bawtry,'  and  also  of  'A 
Topographical  Account  of  the  Isle  of 
Axholme.'  This  biographical  notice  was 
written  by  his  daughter,  Elizabeth  Peck,  who 
says  :  "  He  left  behind  him  many  MSS., 
which  afterwards  passed  into-  other  hands." 
These  MSS.  probably  included  the  materials  for 
the  second  volume  of  the  '  Isle  of  Axholme/ 
which  was  never  published.  The  first  volume 
was  published  in  1815  at  Doncaster,  and  Mr. 
Peck  died  in  1824  at  Epworth. 

Could  any  one  give  me  information  about 
these  MSS.  1  Where  are  they  now  1  Do  they 
ontain  materials  for  the  history  of  the  Isle 
of  Axholme?  I  should  esteem  it  a  favour 
f  any  one  possessing  any  information  or  who- 
s  interested  in  the  subject  would  correspond 
with  me.  A.  T.  C.  CREE. 

Brodsworth,  Beckenham. 

RIGHT  HON.  JOHN  SMITH,  SPEAKER  1705-8. 
—  Who  was  his  wife  ?  What  family  had  he  ? 
Considering  his  position  as  Speaker  in  the 
irst  Parliament  of  the  Union,  very  little 
appears  to  be  known  of  him.  According  to 
Manning's  '  Speakers  '  he  left  "an  only  son,'* 
.  William  Smith,  who  died  without 


io*  8.i.  APRIL  so,  190*.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


349 


issue.  On  the  other  hand,  the  '  Diet.  Nat. 
Biog.'  states  that  a  monumental  tablet  to  his 
memory  was  placed  in  South  Tedworth 
Church,  Hants,  by  his  "fourth"  son,  Henry 
Smith.  Among  Musgrave's  '  Obituaries '  is 
that  of  Thomas  Smith,  Vice-Chamberlain  to 
the  Queen  Consort  and  M.P.  for  Tregony, 
died  3  August,  1728,  being  "son  of  John 
Smith,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Commons.'1 
Any  information  as  the  family  of  this  some- 
what obscure  Speaker  will  be  acceptable. 

W.  D.  PINK. 

PRINTING  IN  THE  CHANNEL  ISLES.  —  At 
what  date  was  the  art  of  printing  first 
practised  in  the  Channel  Islands  ?  and  what 
were  its  first  fruits  there  ? 

E.  S.  DODGSON. 

[Stead's  '  Cresarea ;  or,  History  of  Jersey,'  has 
the  rubric  Jersey,  1798.  This  appears  to  be  the 
earliest  instance.] 

4  IRUS,'  SUPPOSED  PLAY  BY  SHAKESPEARE. — 
A  book  called  Edward  Pudsey's  book,  pub- 
lished in  1888  at  Stratford,  contains  extracts 
from    a    play    called    'Irus.'      Is  anythin 
more  known  about  this  play  ?    I  can  find  n 
other  reference  to  it  in  Shaksperian  literature 

REGINALD  HAINES. 
Uppingham. 


Turkish  fleet  in  the  Bay  of  Chisney,  1770. 
This  event  led  to  the  Crimea  being  annexed 
to  Russia.  In  his  efforts  for  the  improvement 
of  the  Russian  navy  Admiral  Greig,  in  1776, 
drew  into  it  a  very  considerable  number  of 
British  officers,  principally  Scotchmen,  result- 
ing in  a  permanent  benefit  to  the  navy.  I 
should  feel  greatly  obliged  if  any  of  your 
readers  could  refer  me  to  any  books  which 
would  give  the  names  of  the  officers  in 
question.  ALAISTER  MACGILLEAN. 

INDIAN  SPORT.— Can  any  one  kindly  refer 
me  to  any  complete  list  of  record  "  bags  " 
in  India— such  as  the  largest  tiger,  the  largest 
number  killed  by  any  sportsman,  the  heaviest 
"bag"  of  snipe,  and  so  on  ]  I  should  also 
like  to  have  references  to  the  elephant  which 
carried  Warren  Hastings.  It  was  used  by 
several  succeeding  Governors-General.  Is  the 
animal  still  alive  ?  EMERITUS. 


STOYLE. — As  I  am  seeking  for  the  pedigree 
of  Stoyle  families,  and   wish,  if  possible,  to 
join  them,  I  should  be  grateful  for  any  in 
formation  bearing  thereon. 

(Rev.)  B.  W.  BLIN-STOYLE. 

Langden  House,  Braunston,  uear  Rugby. 

"  BARRAR."— In  the  overseers'  accounts  o: 
this  parish  for  the  year  1719  is  the  following 
entry  :  "  For  a  pese  of  flannel  for  an  under 
pettey  coat  and  a  barrar,  00.  01.  06."  What 
was  a  "  barrar  "  ?  FRANCIS  R.  RUSHTON. 

Betchworth. 

ST.  FINA  OF  GIMIGNANO.— A  painting  or 
fresco  by  Ghirlandaio  has  for  its  subject  the 
death  of  St.  Fina  of  Gimignano.  Can  any 
one  give  me  any  information  of  this  saint? 

W.  T.  H. 

MILITARY  BUTTONS  :  SERGEANTS'  CHEVRONS. 
— Am  I  right  in  conjecturing  that  there  is 
some  explanation  for  the  fact  of  military 
buttons  being  of  oval  shape  1 

About  what  period  did  the  custom  of  non- 
commissioned officers  wearing  chevrons  pre- 
vail ]  And  did  sergeants  previous  to  that 
have  any  particular  distinguishing  mark  ? 

R,  S.  C. 

ADMIRAL  SIR  SAMUEL  GREIG.— This  British 
officer  entered  the  Russian  navy  in  1763.  He 
was  instrumental  in  the  destruction  of  the 


JOHN  WESLEY  AND  GARDENS. — 1.  Wesley 
seems  to  have  been  an  admirer  of  gardens. 
In  his  journal  (22  March,  1775)  he  mentions 
"  Mr.  Gordon's  curious  garden  at  Mile  End," 
and  that  he  "  learned  there  the  real  nature 
of  the  tea-tree."  Is  anything  to  be  found 
about  this  garden  ?  and  is  this  Gordon  con- 
nected with  "  Gordon,  James,  sen.,  botanist 
and  gardener,  at  Barking,  co.  Essex,"  whose 
death  is  announced  in  the  Gentleman's  Maga- 
zine, 20  December,  1780] 

2.  On  16  October,  1782,  Wesley  "saw  such 
a  garden  at  Oxford   as  I  verily  believe  all 
England  cannot   parallel,"  and   after  some 
description  says,  "  for  all  which  why  should 
not    Mr.    Badcock's   name,  as    well  as   Mr. 
Roberta's,  be  consigned  to  posterity  ] "     Is 
anything    to  be    found  further  about   this 
garden  or  these  two  names  ? 

3.  On  11  November,  1773,  Wesley  "  met  with 
a  great  natural  curiosity,  the  largest  elm  he 
ever   saw ;  it  was  28  ft.    in  circumference, 
6  ft.    more    than    that    which    was    some 
years    ago   in  Magdalen  College    walks   at 
Oxford."    Is  this  elm  still  in  existence,  and 
where  ?    He    says    it  was    between   North- 
ampton and  Towcester.  F.  M.  J. 

REV.  ARTHUR  GALTON. — I  shall  be  glad  of 
any  particulars  concerning  the  writings,  &c., 
of  the  Rev.  Arthur  Galton,  of  the  Record 
newspaper.  M.  C.  BOYLE. 

NICOMEDE  BIANCHI. — Is  it  known  what  has 
>ecome  of  the  collection  of  notes,  letters, 
official  documents,  &c.,  once  in  the  possession 
of  the  late  Nicomede  Bianchi,  the  Italian 
historian  1  He  died  quite  recently— in  1888, 
I  believe.  L.  L.  K. 


350 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  i.  APRIL  ao,  10*. 


PASSING-BELL. 
(10th  13.  i.  308.) 

OCCASIONALLY  in  this  town  the  passing- 
bell  is  rung  at  the  time  of  the  funeral.  We 
have  in  the  Museum  attached  to  this 
building  a  very  interesting  relic  in  the  shape 
of  the  "dead  bell."  It  nas  more  than  a 
passing  interest,  because  it  came  through  the 
fire  on  the  occasion  of  the  burning  of  the 
former  Museum  in  1898,  when  so  many 
objects  of  old  association  were  destroyed, 
among  them  being  the  Killiecrankie  and 
Bannockburn  flags. 

Mr.  George  Watson,  who  was  some  time 
curator  of  this  Museum,  and  wrote  a  most 
interesting  brochure,  'The  Annals  of  Jed- 
burgh  Castle,'  has  a  short  paper  in  this 
month's  Border  Magazine  on  the  dead  bell, 
from  which  the  following  quotation  is 
taken  :  — 

"The  passing-bell,  or  soul  bell  as  it  was  also 
termed,  was  tolled  when  a  person  was  passing  — 
whence  the  term—  from  this  world  into  the  next. 
In  some  parts  it  invited  prayers  on  behalf  of  the 
soul  of  the  dying  person,  and  in  other  parts  of 
the  country  intercession  for  the  soul  of  the 
departed.  This  custom  is  distinctly  referred  to  by 
Bede  (A.D.  673-735)  in  connexion  with  the  death 
of  8t  Hilda.  The  former  of  these  was  owing  to 
the  current  belief  that  devils  lay  in  wait  in  order 
to  afflict  the  soul  the  very  moment  it  was  separated 
from  the  body,  the  opinion  being  that  the  sound 
of  the  bell  had  the  power  to  terrify  the  evil 
spirits...  The  custom  of  tolling  the  bell  at  funerals 
dates  back  fully  seven  centuries  ;  for  Durand,  who 
lived  about  the  end  of  the  twelfth  century,  informs 
us:  A  bell,  too,  must  be  rung  when  we  are  con- 
ducting the  corpse  to  the  church,  and  during  the 
bringing  it  out  of  the  church  to  the  grave.' 
When  thou  dost  hear  a  toll  or  knell 
Ihen  think  upon  thy  passing-bell. 

t."iA?utherJ0/   the  'melancholy  bells'  employed 
at  deaths  and  funerals  was  the  dead  bell  ......  Upon 

the  death  of  a  person  in  the  times  of  which  we 
speak,  the  intimation  of  such  was  immediately 
communicated  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  town  or 
village.  This  was  usually  done,'  says  the 
Rev.  Thomas  Somerville,  in  his  'Life  and 
Times'  1741-1814),  'by  the  beadle  or  kirk  officer, 
who  walked  through  the  streets  at  a  slow  pace 
tinkling  a  small  bell,  sometimes  called  the  dead 
bell  and  sometimes  the  passing-bell,  and,  with  his 
head  uncovered,  intimated  that  a  brother  or  sister! 
whose  name  was  given,  had  departed  this  life  A 
t  °ffiCer  in  ^burgh  was  obliged 


myddfchaa    ^  time  to  which 


I  refer 


the  rear  of  e    6mae  r?a"ves  walked 

rear  of  the  funeral  procession  to  the  gate 


r?la"ves  walked  in 


or 


threshold  of   the  churchyard,  where  they  always 

stopped  and  dispersed.' When    the  body  was 

removed  in  order  for  burial,  the  bellman  took  the 
bell  and  walked  in  front  of  the  bier,  giving  notice 
of  the  approach  of  the  funeral  procession  by  an 
occasional  toll  of  the  bell.  Such  was  the  custom 
in  Jedburgh,  and  the  practice  there  is  illustrated 
in  the  drawing  of  Jedburgh  made  by  one  of  the 
French  prisoners  in  1812,  in  which  a  funeral,  with 
the  bellman  proceeding  in  front,  is  seen  under  the 
bown  clock  on  its  way  to  the  churchyard.  Made 
by  a  John  Meikel,  of  Edinburgh,  it  is  nearly  a 
century  younger  than  Hawick  dead  bell,  as  is 
testified  by  the  inscription  \yhich  the  Jedburgh 
one  formerly  bore  :  'John  Meikel,  me  fecit.  Edr., 
1694.'" 

J.  LINDSAY  HILSON. 
Public  Library,  Jedburgh. 

In  these  parts  the  "  passing-bell "  is  under- 
stood to  be  only  a  poetical  phrase.  Here,  at 
least,  it  is  popularly  known  as  "  the  deed 
bell "  _  (death  bell).  In  our  villages  it  is  the 
practice,  at  the  moment  of  death,  to  call  up 
the  sexton,  who  then  goes  to  the  church,  ana, 
without  delay,  rings  out  the  announcement. 
First  of  all  he  rings  what  are  called  "  the 
tellers  "  ;  then,  after  a  pause,  he  continues  to 
toll  slowly  on  his  great  bell.  In  the  English 
Dialect  Society's  '  Northumberland  Glossary ' 
the  tellers  are  thus  described  : — 

"Tellers,  the  successive  strokes  on  a  church  bell, 
rung  to  tell  the  sex  and  age  of  a  person  just  deceased. 
It  is  usual  at  village  churches  to  knell  the  sex  of  an 
adult  by  nine  strokes  for  a  man,  or  six  strokes  for  a 
woman,  repeated  on  each  of  three  bells.  For  a  child 
three  strokes  are  given  and  similarly  repeated. 
Then  follow  a  number  of  strokes  on  the  treble  bell 
to  indicate  the  age,  each  stroke  counting  one  year. 
In  some  places  the  age  is  given  first." 

In  village  life  all  are  neighbours  and  are 
acquainted  with  the  ordinary  circumstances 
of  each  other's  households ;  so  that  the 
announcement  of  age  and  sex  is  generally 
sufficient  for  identification  of  the  deceased 
person.  When  the  function  occurs  through 
the  night,  its  effect  upon  awakened  villagers 
is  a  solemn  experience,  its  impressiveness 
heightened  by  personal  acquaintance  with 
those  for  whom  is  heard  the  knell  of  the 
passing  soul.  II.  OLIVER  HESLOP. 

Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

The  tolling  of  the  church  bell  at  the  burial 
of  a  parishioner  is  a  custom  identical  in  its 
origin  with,  and  complementary  to,  that  of 
tolling  at  the  actual  passing  of  the  soul  of 
the  deceased  (see  Brand's  'Antiquities,' 
Bohn,  1854,  vol.  ii.  p.  203).  The  passing-bell 
was,  I  think,  sometimes  called  the  soul  bell, 
and  the  custom  was  prevalent  much  later 
than  1732,  when  Nelson  alludes  to  it  in  his 
'  Fasts  and  Festivals  of  the  Church '  (p.  144). 
In  hamlets  and  villages,  where  greater  inti- 
macy prevails  among  the  people  than  in 


s.  i.  APRIL  so,  1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


351 


cities,  the  tolling  of  the  bell  to  register  th 

actual  death-stroke  is  probably  continued  k, 

this  day,  and  contributors  will  no  doubt  b« 

able  to  supply  instances  of  the  survival  o 

the  "  passing,"  as  distinct  from  the  "funeral 

bell,  other  than  those  furnished  below.     On 

of  the  peculiar  features  of  the   practice  i 

the  account  rendered  by  the  bellringer,  in 

the  number  of  his  strokes,  of  the  age  of  tb 

deceased.      In  some  -districts   it  is  alway 

rung  exactly  twenty-five  hours  after  death 

the  tenor  bell  for  the  adult  and  the  treble  fo 

a  child,    the    big    bell    being   reserved    fo 

funerals.    In  rural  districts,  we  are  told  in 

Mr.   William    Andrews's     'Curious    Churcl 

Customs,'  1895,  p.  129,  after  the  passing-bel 

has  tolled,  the  sex  of  the  deceased  is  indi 

cated  most  generally  by  tolling  twice  for  a 

woman  and  thrice  for  a  man,  and  to  this  is 

often  added  the  age  by  giving  one  toll  for 

each  year.    In  the  Penny  Post  of  1  February, 

1871,  the  passing-bell  is  described  as  being 

then  still  rung  "  at  a  village  near  Grantham, 

Lincolnshire"  (p.  55).      Up  till  1865  in  the 

town  of  Guildford  (and  possibly  it  is  still  the 

custom)  the  passing-bell   was    tolled   every 

morning  after  the  parishioner's  death  until 

the  funeral  morning  ;  and  a  lady  who  died 

about    the    year    1868,    aged    seventy-two, 

remembered  the  passing-bell  at  Somerton,  in 

Oxfordshire.      Some  information  as  to  this 

survival    may  also    be    found,  I    think,   in 

vols.  xxi.  and  xxiv.  of  the  Penny  Post. 

J.  H.  MACMlCHAEL. 

Passing-bells  are  by  no  means  out  of  use  in 
very  many  parish  churches,  even  in  London. 
At  present,  and  as  long  as  I  can  remember 
during  thirty  years,  announcements  of  the 
nature  in  question  are  and  were  frequent 
from  the  campanile  of  St.  Peter's,  Hammer- 
smith. I  remember  the  same  custom  obtain- 
ing when  I  was  a  boy  in  the  parish  church  of 
Bermondsey.  O. 

In  the  North  the  passing-bell  is  more 
generally  known  as  the  death  bell.  DR. 
MURRAY  will  find  scores  of  references  on  the 
subject  in  past  volumes  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 

The  Venerable  Bede  was  perhaps  the  first 
to  make  mention  of  the  passing  bell,  but  if 
DR.  MURRAY  will  look  up  Strutt's  '  Manners 
and  Customs '  and  Bourne's  '  Antiquitates 
Vulgares,'  he  will,  I  think,  find  much  of  the 
information  he  desires. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 
Bradford. 

The  custom  of  tolling  the  passing-bell  while 
a  person  is  dying  still  prevails  in  Belgium, 
and  probably  in  other  Catholic  countries  as 
well.  I  recollect  that  while  I  was  staying  in 


a  religious  house  near  Ghent  some  years  since 
the  bell  was  tolled  at  intervals  all  day  for  a 
member  of  the  community  who  was  on  his 
death-bed.  The  death  bell  is,  I  believe,  tolled 
in  a  different  manner,  so  that  those  who  hear 
it  know  at  once  whether  it  is  for  a  passing 
soul  or  for  one  who  has  already  passed.  In 
some  parts  of  Ireland  the  passing  as  well  as 
the  death  bell  are  still  rung,  I  am  told,  as  no 
doubt  they  were  in  many  places  in  England 
up  till  the  commencement  of  the  nineteenth 
century.  FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

I  believe  I  am  correct  in  saying  that  the 
passing-bell,  as  ordered  by  Canon  67,  is  still 
tolled  at  the  parish  church  of  Offham, 
St.  Michael,  in  Kent.  Why  this  ancient  and 
most  fitting  custom  should  have  been  allowed 
to  fall  into  disuse  it  is  hard  to  say,  but  most 
probably  negligence  has  been  the  cause,  as  is 
so  often  the  case  in  regard  to  old  customs. 
JOHN  SYDNEY  HAM. 


DR.  SAMUEL  HINDS,  FORMERLY  BISHOP  OF 
NORWICH  (10th  S.  i.  227).— I  have  made  a  con- 
siderable search  as  to  the  funeral  of  this  well- 
jnown  prelate,  but,  so  far,  find  no  record  of 
_t.  I  was  at  the  Guildhall  Library  about  a 
:ortnight  ago,  and  mentioned  the  matter  to 
an  elderly  clergyman,  an  entire  stranger  to 
me,  who  said  that  for  a  year  or  two  before 
the  bishop's  resignation  he  was  doing  tem- 
porary duty  in  the  Norwich  diocese,  and 
remembered  many  of  the  circumstances  of  the 

ie.    The  bishop's  resignation  was  entirely 
due  to  the  way  in  which  Mrs.  Hinds  (his  second 
vife)  was  received  in  Norwich  society.     It 
was  well  known  that  she  was  much  below 
lim  in  station,  and  was  (so   my  informant 
tated)  a  domestic  servant  in  his  household. 
?he  obituary  notice  of  about  a  quarter  of  a 
:olumn  in  the  Times  of  Monday,  12  February, 
872,  stated  that  "he  resigned  the  see  of 
Norwich  in  1857,  from  domestic  reasons  much 
anvassed    at    the    time,    and    retired    into 
private  life."    In  the  Times  of  the  previous 
Saturday,   among   the    deaths,    the    notice 
eads  : — 

"  On  the  morning  of  the  7th  inst.,  at  his  private 
esidence  at  Netting  Hill,  after  many  years  of  con- 
inuous  and  great  suffering,  the  Right  Rev.  Samuel 
[inds,  D.D.,  late  Bishop  of  Norwich,  in  his 
8th  year." 

The  'D.N.B.,'  in  its  notice  of  Dr.  Hinds, 
eems  rather  to  bear  out  the  statement  of  my 
[erica!  informant,  for,  while  it  gives  full 
articulars  of  his  first  wife,  his  second 
narriage  is  thus  recorded,  "He  married  a 
econd  time  some  years  before  his  death,"  no 
articulars  as  to  his  second  wife  being  given, 
'or  many  years  he  resided  at  Walmer  House, 


352 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io»  s.  i.  APRIL  so, 


Walmer  Road,  W.,  and  most  probably  it  was 
in  that  house  that  he  breathed  his  last.  With 
reference  to  the  funeral,  the  clergyman  to 
whom  I  have  alluded  stated  that  he  thought 
it  was  probably  extremely  plain,  and  that  he 
had  little  doubt  the  ceremony  was  performed 
by  the  chaplain  of  the  cemetery.  Neither  in 
the  Times  nor  in  the  Illustrated  London  News, 
which  in  those  days  made  a  feature  of  such 
information,  have  I  been  able  to  discover  any 
account  of  the  funeral.  I  remember  that  a 
portrait  of  the  deceased  prelate  appeared  in 
one  of  the  illustrated  papers  of  the  day,  and 
think  it  was  in  the  Illustrated  Times,  since 
incorporated  with  the  latter  of  the  papers 
mentioned  above. 

W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 
C2,  The  Almshouses,  Rochester  Row,  S.W. 

"  BELLAMY'S  "  (10th  S.  i.  169).— There  is  an 
account  of  our  own  House  of  Commons 
"  Bellamy's  "  in  '  Old  and  New  London.' 

J.   HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

SHAKESPEARE'S  GRAVE  (10th  S.  i.  288, 331).— 
At  the  last  reference  Shakespeare's  monu- 
ment is  said  to  be  "  five  feet  from  the  floor." 
Is  this  a  correct  measurement  1  Surely  it  is 
much  higher.  HARRIETT  M'!LQUHAM. 

In  my  reply  to  MR.  I.  H.  PLATT  an  obvious 
error  occurs.  Whether  I  am  to  blame,  or  the 
printer,  I  cannot  say  ;  but  I  meant  to  write 
"within  the  seven  years  succeeding  Shake- 
speare's death,"  not  "preceding"  it,  which, 
of  course,  makes  all  the  difference. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Bradford. 

[Our  correspondent  clearly  wrote  "preceding," 
which  puzzled  us  a  good  deal.] 

EASTER  DAY  BY  THE  JULIAN  RECKONING 
(10*  S.  i.  324).— May  I  point  out  a  slight 
mistake  in  the  note  on  the  above  subject  ? 
The  Sunday  letters  for  this  year  are  C,  B,  not 
D>  C.  C.  S.  H. 

FLAYING  ALIVE  (9th  S.  xii.  429,  489: 
J0»  S.  i.  15,  73,  155). -In  the  Library  of 
Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  is,  or  was,  a  piece 
of  the  skin  of  a  man  hanged  for  killing  his 
wife,  perhaps  four  inches  square  and  a  six- 
teenth of  an  inch  in  thickness,  resembling  in 
texture  a  fine  kid  glove.  In  the  same  case 
was  a  lock  of  Sir  Isaac  Newton's  hair,  and 
the  hair  will  last  long  after  the  body  has 
mouldered  into  dust. 

Readers  of  Dickens  may  remember  that  in 
the  Pickwick  Papers '  Mr.  Dowler,  who  is 
really  a  great  coward,  spoke  of  the  rules  of 
the  service  imperatively  requiring  that  he 
should  fulfil  his  promise  of  skinning  his 


adversary.  "Did  you  skin  him,  sir?"  said 
Mr.  Winkle,  faintly. 

There  is  the  ancient  legend  of  Apollo 
having  flayed  Marsyas  alive  for  his  presump- 
tion in  challenging  the  god  to  a  musical 
contest,  and  in  the  '  Dictionary  of  Greek  and 
Roman  Biography '  the  story  is  narrated  _at 
length.  It  seems  to  have  formed  a  favourite 
subject  with  sculptors  and  writers  of  anti- 
quity. P.  S.  (Philip  Smith,  B.A.),  the  writer 
of  the  article  '  Marsyas,'  observes  : — 

"In  the  fora  of  ancient  cities  there  was  fre- 
quently placed  a  statue  of  Marsyas  with  one  hand 
erect,  in  token,  according  to  Servius,  of  the  freedom 
of  the  state,  since  Marsyas  was  a  minister  of 
Bacchus,  the  god  of  liberty  (Serv.  in  '  ^En.'  iv.  528). 
It  seems  more  likely  that  the  statue,  standing  in 
the  place  where  justice  was  administered,  was 
intended  to  hold  forth  an  example  of  the  severe 
punishment  of  arrogant  presumption." 

The  circumstance  is  alluded  to  by  Juvenal, 
'  Sat.'  ix.  2,  and  Horace,  'Sat.'  i.  6,  120.  I  once 
saw  a  gruesome  engraving  of  it,  representing 
Marsyas  tied  to  a  tree,  head  downward, 
whilst  Apollo  was  stripping  off  his  skin. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

MARLBOROUGH  AND  SHAKESPEARE  (10th  S.  i. 
127,  177,  256,  292).— On  18  November,  1748, 
Chesterfield  gives  his  son  an  account  of  the 
career  and  character  of  Marlborough,  in 
which  he  says,  "He  [Marlborough]  was 
eminently  illiterate  ;  wrote  bad  English,  and 
spelled  it  still  worse."  But  Chesterfield 
writes  of  Marlborough  with  almost  open 
enmity,  and  perhaps  exaggerates  a  few  slips 
that  were  pardonable  before  the  days  of 
Murray  and  Mavor.  M.  N.  G. 

At  the  last  reference  MR.  YARDLEY  is  nob 
quite  accurate  regarding  Pepys's  references  to 
Shakespeare's  plays  in  his  '  Diary.'  Pepys 
mentions  eleven  of  the  plays,  the  three 
omitted  by  MR.  YARDLEY  being  'Twelfth 
Night,'  'Taming  of  the  Shrew,'  and 
'  Henry  VIII.'  So  far  from  making  no  remark 
on  'Hamlet,'  'Romeo  and  Juliet,'  and 
'  Henry  IV.,'  he  saw  the  first-named  several 
times,  and  the  following  is  but  one  of  many 
similar  remarks  on  it : — 

"  Saw  '  Hamlet,  Prince  of  Denmark,'  done  with 
scenes  very  well,  and  mightily  pleased  with  it,  but 
above  all  with  Betterton,  the  best  part,  I  believe, 
that  ever  man  acted." 

Of  '  Romeo  and  Juliet '  he  says  : — 

"Saw  ' Romeo  and  Juliet ' but  it  is  a  play  of 

itself  the  worst  that  ever  I  saw  in  my  life,  and  the 
worst  acted  that  ever  I  saw  these  people  do." 

The  first  time  he  saw  'Henry  IV.'  he 
writes  : — 

"  Bought  the  play  of  'Henry  IV.,'  and  so  went  to 
the  theatre  and  saw  it  acted,  but  my  expectation 


w*  s.  i.  APRIL  so,  1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


353 


being  top  great,  it  did  not  please  me  as  otherwise  I 
believe  it  would  ;  my  having  a  book,  1  believe,  did 
spoil  it  a  little." 

And  on  seeing  it  again  he  says  : — 

"  Contrary  to  expectation,  was  pleased  in  nothing 
more  than  in  Cartwright's  speaking  of  FalstafFs 
speech  about  '  What  is  honour.' " 

In  his  remarks  on  '  The  Tempest'  he  speaks 
of 

"a  curious  piece  of  music  in  an  echo  of  half 
sentences,  the  echo  repeating  the  former  half,  while 
the  man  goes  on  to  the  latter,  which  is  mighty 
pretty." 

This  bears  put  the  Editor's  note  at  the  last 
reference,  as  it  is  evidently  the  song  sung  by 
Ferdinand,  wherein  Ariel  echoes  "  Go  thy 
ways," in  an  adaptation  of  'The  Tempest '  by 
Davenant  and  Dryden.  This  fashion  of  alter- 
ing Shakespeare's  plays  is  always  to  be  taken 
into  account  when  speaking  of  Pepys  as  a 
Shakespearean  critic.  In  conclusion,  may  I 
quote  a  passage  from  some  remarks  that  I 
made  on  this  subject  before  the  Shakespeare 
Club  at  Stratford-on-Avon  1 

"  It  is  safe  to  say  that  very  few  of  Shakespeare's 
plays  seen  by  Pepys  were  acted  as  we  know  them 
now.  To  name  but  three  notorious  examples, 
Dryden  and  Davenant  adapted  '  The  Tempest,' 
Lacy  altered  '  The  Taming  'of  the  Shrew,'  and  the 
Hon.  James  Ho\yard  had  the  audacity  to  supply 
|  Romeo  and  Juliet'  with  a  happy  ending,  and  to 
introduce  another  character — the  wife  of  Count 
Paris.  After  this,  I  think  we  are  justified  in  pardon- 
ing Pepys  many  of  his  criticisms  of  Shakespeare's 
plays,  and  a  worse  offender  in  this  respect  than  he 
is  his  brother  diarist,  John  Evelyn,  generally 
accepted  as  a  more  refined  and  cultured  man  than 
Pepys,  who  in  1661  writes  :  '  I  saw  "Hamlet,  Prince 
of  Denmark,"  played,  but  now  the  old  plays  begin 
to  disgust  this  refined  age,  since  his  Majesty's  being 
so  long  abroad  ! ;  and  this  is  the  only  play  of  Shake- 
speare's which  he  mentions  in  his  Diary  as  having 
been  acted.'' 

CHARLES  E.  DAWES. 

I  am  sure  MR.  YARDLEY  will  permit  me 
to  call  his  attention  to  the  fact  that  eleven, 
and  not  eight,  was  the  number  of  the  plays 
of  Shakespeare  seen  by  Samuel  Pepys : 
'Hamlet,'  'Henry  IV.,'  'Henry  VIIL," Mac- 
beth,' 'Merry  Wives  of  Windsor,'  'Mid- 
summer Night's  Dream,'  'Othello,'  'Eomeo 
and  Juliet,'  'Taming  of  the  Shrew,'  '  Tempest,' 
and  '  Twelfth  Night.'  It  may  further  be 
remarked  that  the  exact  number  of  plays  of 
all  kinds  that  the  immortal  diarist  saw  was 
145  ;  for  the  names  of  which  see  'Samuel 
Pepys :  and  the  World  He  Lived  In,'  by 
Henry  B.  Wheatley,  F.S.A.  (London,  Bickers 
&  Son,  1880).  HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 

119,  Elms  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 

"TUGS,"  WYKEHAMICAL  NOTION  (10th  S. 
i.  269).— The  late  Warden  of  Merton  College, 


Oxford,  in  his  interesting  book  'Memories 
and  Impressions,'  a  copy  of  which  he  pre- 
sented to  me,  appears  to  derive  the  term 
"  tugs "  (togati)  (chap,  ii.),  a  term  applied 
to  the  Collegers  at  Eton  by  the  Oppidans, 
from  toga,  a  gown.  It  was,  I  have  heard, 
from  their  having  only  roast  mutton  for 
dinner.  The  slang  term  "togs"  is  applied 
to  articles  of  dress. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 
Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

MUTILATED  LATIN  LINES  (10th  S.  i.  268). — 
In  line  1  Flamen  seems  right. 

5.  Read  "  ne  qua." 

6.  Undique  and  Parthus. 

7.  Polluti     fratrum     membris     sparsique 
cruore. 

8.  Jussissent  hominum  millia  capta  neci. 

13.  Purgacordascelusque,domuuidescende, 
precamur. 

14,  Es  custos  nobis,  sicut  et  ante  tuia. 
The  lines  of  course  refer  to  St.  Elizabeth  : 

"  When  the  minister  so  wise  and  clever  of  the 
eternal  parent  guarded  her  couch  in  which  thou, 
0  aged  maiden,  wast  cherishing  the  child  and  wast 
mingling  holy  prayers  with  thy  cares,  lest,  violently 
advancing  along  the  whole  line  of  Jordan,  the 
Parthian  and  Arabian  fierce  should  vent  their 
wrath  on  every  side,  polluted  with  the  limbs  of 
their  brothers  and  sprinkled  with  blood,  should 
have  consigned  thousands  of  men  captive  to  death  : 

"  Thou  still  in  conscious  safety  in  the  shadow  of 
the  divine  deity  wast  impressing  many  kisses  on 
the  cheeks  of  thy  son. 

"Thus  when  proud  kingdoms  are  crushed  by 
punishment,  being  present  at  the  altar,  do  Thou, 
0  Christ,  protect  Thy  congregations. 

"Purge  our  hearts  and  purge  away  our  crime, 
and  come  down  to  our  home,  we  pray.  Be  guardian 
to  us,  even  as  Thou  wert  before  to  Thy  people  ! " 

H.  A.  STRONG. 

University,  Liverpool. 

FEUDAL  SYSTEM  (10th  S.  i.  248).  — The 
following  quotations  from  Stephen's  '  Com- 
mentaries '  should  explain  as  to  mesne 
tenant : — 

"The  stipendiary  (or  feudatory,  as  he  should 
now  rather  be  termed),  considering  himself  as  sub- 
stantially the  owner,  began  to  imitate  the  example 
of  his  sovereign  by  carving  out  portions  of  the 
benefice  or  feud,  to  be  held  of  himself  by  some  other 
person,  on  terms  and  conditions  similar  to  those  of 
the  original  grant ;  and  a  continued  chain  of  suc- 
cessive dependencies  was  thus  established,  con- 
necting each  stipendiary,  or  vassal,  as  he  was 
termed,  with  his  immediate  superior  or  lord. 

And  again  : — 

"Such  tenants  as  held  under  the  king  imme- 
diately, when  they  granted  out  portions  of  their 
lands  to  inferior  persons,  became  also  lords  with 
respect  to  those  inferior  persons,  as  they  were  still 
tenants  with  respect  to  the  king ;  and,  thus  par- 
taking of  a  middle  nature,  were  called  mesne,  or 


354 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       do*  s.  i.  APRIL  so,  1904. 


middle  lords.  So  that  if  the  king  granted  a  manor 
to  A,  and  A  granted  a  portion  of  the  land  to  B, 
now  B  was  said  to  hold  of  A,  and  A  of  the  king  ; 
or,  in  other  words,  B  held  his  land  immediately  of 
A,  but  mediately  of  the  king.  The  king  therefore 
was  styled  lord  paramount ;  A  was  both  tenant  and 
lord,  or  was  a  mesne  lord  ;  and  B  was  called  tenant 
paravail,  or  the  lowest  tenant." 

The  question  of  "  privileges  and  burdens  " 
(to  use  B.  R.'s  expression)  would  be  one 
of  fact,  having  regard  to  the  terms  of  the 
original  grant  to  the  tenant  in  capite,  and  to 
the  risk  of  the  king  exercising  his  power  of 
forfeiture  under  that  grant — to  say  nothing 
of  the  terms  of  the  grants  as  between  each 
immediate  lord  and  tenant.  MISTLETOE. 

THE  PLOUGHGANG  AND  OTHER  MEASURES 
<10th  S.  i.  101,  143).— If  MR.  ADDY  had  lived 
in  one  of  the  more  southern  counties,  such  as 
Oxford,  Buckingham,  or  Berkshire,  and  asked 
oneof  theolder  rural  labourers,  whose  memory 
took  him  back  to  days  before  Enclosure  Acts 
were  passed,  what  an  acre  was,  he  would 
have  been  told  that  an  acre  was  a  strip  of 
land  in  the  open  field  22  yards  wide,  that  half 
an  acre  was  a  strip  11  yards  wide,  and  a  quarter 
acre  or  rood  was  a  strip  5^  yards  wide.  To 
undertand  the  meaning  of  this  statement  he 
will  have  to  supplement  by  what  was  always 
understood,  that  the  normal  length  of  all  the 
strips  was  a  furlong,  or  220  yards.  Hence 
acre  as  a  measure  of  length— and  in  this  sense 
it  occurs  sometimes  in  Domesday— is  the 
equivalent  of  22  yards. 

A  glance  at  any  one  of  the  old  maps  show- 
ing the  strips  held  by  the  different  tenants  in 
the  open  field  would  have  convinced  him  that 
the  open  field  usually  consisted  of  three 
fields,  the  normal  size  of  each  of  which  was 
40  acres,  and  that  each  of  the  three  fields  was 
again  subdivided  into  shots,  so  arranged 
that  the  furlong  ran  to  220  yards.  When  the 
lie  of  the  ground  rendered  this  impossible— 
if,  for  instance,  the  furlong  were  of  extra 
length— the  normal  width  was  curtailed.  If, 
on  the  other  hand,  the  furlong  ran  short,  the 
normal  width  was  extended.  If  the  difference 
of  length  were  only  trifling,  the  normal 
width  was  adhered  to,  but  in  that  case  the 
nominal  acre  might  be  greater  or  less  than 
an  acre.  I  have  such  a  map  before  me,  show- 
ing the  holding  of  each  tenant,  either  acre, 
half  acre,  or  quarter  acre  nominal,  in 
each  shot  of  each  field,  and  specify- 
ing the  actual  acreage  by  admeasure- 
ment in  each  case.  I  therefore  very 
respectfully  submit  that  a  full  homestead 
or  house-land,  the  original  hide,  familia, 
or  casatus,  consisted  of  one  full  acre  in  each 
shot  of  each  field,  which  would  normally  be 


120.  As  the  villagers'  tenements  usually  lay 
near  to  each  other  in  the  township  (villa), 
whereas  the  open  field  lay  outside  the  village, 
it  seems  to  me  an  ingenious  theory,  but  one 
as  yet  far  from  proven,  that  the  size  of  the 
messuage  fixed  the  measure  of  a  quarter  acre. 

So  far  as  Devonshire  is  concerned  I  think 
MR.  ADDY  is  correct  in  giving  UO  acres  as  the 
extent  of  the  plough  or  teamland.  To  be 
strictly  accurate  he  should  have  said  64  ;  and 
if  to  this  is  added  the  amount  taken  up  by 
mere-balks,  linches,  and  green  ways,  the  team- 
land  would  cover  some  80  acres  as  measured 
on  the  Ordnance  Survey.  In  the  survey  of 
Berry  Pomeroy,  taken  in  1292,  in  'Testa  Nevil,' 
the  ferling  is  stated  to  consist  of  16  acres, 
and  the  normal  holding  of  each  villager  to  be 
2  ferlings,  or  32  acres,  which' agrees  with  MR. 
ADDY'S  statement.  Only  it  must  not  be  sup- 
posed that  these  32  acres  formed  one  piece  or 
lay  in  a  ring-fence.  They  were  interspersed 
with  the  acres  of  other  villagers. 

Two  years  ago,  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Cirencester,  I  saw  a  man  ploughing  with  eight 
oxen  ;  they  did  not  plough  four  abreast,  but 
only  two  abreast.  In  bygone  days  I  have 
frequently  seen  ploughing  done  with  four 
oxen  at  a  time,  but  they  were  also  two  abreast. 

OSWALD  J.  REICHEL. 
A  la  Ronde,  Lympstone,  Devon. 

PENRITH  (10th  S.  i.  29,  97,  156,  275).— MR. 
SCOTT  writes  of  Penrith.  Now  we  have  no 
concern  with  this  place  (or  Perest)  in  the 
quest  for  Penreth,  and  Mr.  Watson,  with 
whom  I  have  for  some  years  had  a  friendly 
correspondence,  has  clearly  proved  this  was 
not  the  place  from  which  John  Byrde  took 
his  title.  But  he  did  not  prove  that  it  was 
Pentruth  in  the  diocese  of  Llandaff—  there  is 
no  such  place  there.  This  name  seems  to 
have  slipped  into  a  letter  from  Mr.  Pritchard, 
of  Bangor. 

I  would  refer  your  correspondents  to  an 
article  of  mine  upon  the  subject  that  will 
probably  appear  in  the  forthcoming  number 
of  Archaeologia  Cambrensis. 

ALFRED  HALL. 

MR.  SCOTT  says  :  "It  was  decided  to  take 
the  title  of  Penrith,  on  the  supposition  that 
the  Cumberland  town  was  the  place  meant 
by  the  1534  Act.  Bishop  Goodwin  stopped 
that,"  &c.  In  the  article  which  Mr.  George 
Watson  contributed  in  July,  1898,  to  the  Trans- 
actions of  the  C.  and  W.  A.  and  A.  Society 
(vol.  xv.  p.  303),  he  shows,  it  is  true,  that 
John  Bird  was  bishop  of  some  place  in 
Wales ;  but  he  also  quotes  from  the  1534 
Act  the  name  "Pereth,"  and  this,  from  a 
comparison  of  the  spelling  in  the  State 


L  APRIL  so,  1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


355 


Papers  of  Henry  VIII.'s  time,  he  shows  to 
mean  "Penrith."  Bishop  Goodwin's  Act 
had  hardly  the  effect  ascribed  to  it  by  MR. 
SCOTT,  of  stopping  an  erroneous  use  of  the 
name.  U.  V.  W. 

WESTMINSTER  CHANGES  IN  1903  (10th  S.  i. 
263,  302).— MR.  HARLAND-OXLEY'S  interesting 
communication  on  this  subject  moves  me  to 
call  his  attention  to  the  fact  that  William 
Harrison  Ainsworth  selected  Westminster  as 
the  scene  of  the  plot  of  his  pleasing  tale 
entitled  'The  Miser's  Daughter,'  so  very 
charmingly  illustrated  by  George  Cruik- 
shank.  The  miser  himself  resided  in  an  old- 
fashioned  house  at  the  corner  of  the  little 
Sanctuary  ;  and  the  members  of  the  Jacobite 
Club,  often  referred  to  in  the  course  of  the 
story,  met  not  only  at  "The  Chequers,"  Mill- 
bank,  but  also  at  "  The  Rose  and  Crown," 
Gardiner  Street. 

With  regard  to  the  Irishman,  Mr.  Stephen 
Fitzgerald,  who  commenced  business  in  Tot- 
hill  Street,  moved  to  Millbank  Street  in  1812, 
and  became  a  member  of  the  Society  of 
Friends,  perhaps  I  may  mention  that  many 
years  ago,  when  I  occupied  a  house  in  Free- 
grove  Road,  N.,  a  son  of  my  landlord  and 
neighbour,  Mr.  John  Betts,  a  Quaker,  married 
a  daughter  of  Mr.  Alexander  Fitzgerald,  of 
Millbank  Street.  HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 

119,  Elms  Road,  Clapham  Park,  S.W. 

In  vol.  v.  of '  London,'  edited  by  C.  Knight, 
p.  208,  there  is  an  illustration  of  Christ 
Church  as  it  was  intended  to  be.  It  was 
inserted  to  show  the  progress  of  taste  in 
architecture,  and  as  representing  "  the 
grandest  art  in  its  grandest  form."  Does  the 
new  tower  follow  in  detail  Poynter's  design  ? 
and  is  it  an  instalment  of  an  effort  to  carry 
out  the  original  purpose  ?  FRANK  PENNY. 

tsl    EXPECT  TO  PASS    THROUGH"   (10th    S.    i. 

247,  316).— In  a  little  book  called  '  Blessed  be 
Drudgery,'  by  William  C.  Gannett,  published 
by  David  Bryce,  Glasgow,  there  is  one  paper 
called  '  A  Cup  of  Cold  Water,'  and  in  it  there 
is  this  sentence  : — 

"The  old  Quaker  was  right:  'I  expect  to  pass 
through  this  life  but  once.  If  there  is  any  kindness 
or  any  good  thing  I  can  do  to  my  fellow-beings,  let 
me  do  it  now.  1  shall  pass  this  way  but  once. 

Addison  was  not  a  Quaker,  so  if  this  sen- 
tence is  in  one  of  his  papers,  it  must  have 
been  a  quotation.  Who  was  "  the  old 
Quaker"?  G.  L. 

41  BADGER  IN  THE  BAG"  (10th  S.  i.  289).— 
As  the  English  term  is  simply  a  translation 
from  the  Welsh,  and  does  not  refer  to  any 
English  sport,  it  cannot  obviously  be  men- 


tioned in  the  'N.E.D.'  or  in  any  other 
English  source.  The  question  whether  the 
Welsh  storyteller  was  referring  to  a  game 
actually  in  vogue  in  Wales  in  the  Middle 
Ages  is  one  which  should  not  be  unanswerable 
by  Welsh  antiquaries.  ALF.  NUTT. 

«  THE  CREEVEY  PAPERS  '  (10tu  S.  i.  285).— 
I  am  obliged  to  J.  H.  K.  for  calling  my  atten- 
tion to  the  discrepancy  between  the  alleged 
date  of  Dr.  Currie's  death  in  1805  and  the 
actual  date  of  his  letters  written  in  1806,  and 
printed  by  me.  Currie's  biographer  and  the 
'D.N.B.'  must  be  in  error  in  stating  that 
the  doctor  died  in  1805.  I  have  had  letters  in 
my  hands  written  by  him  in  1806,  and  the 
two  letters  written  to  him  by  Creevey  in  1806 
(cited  by  J.  H.  K.)  contain  internal  evidence 
of  being  of  that  year,  for  they  deal  with  the 
administration  of  "  All  the  Talents." 

The  Creevey  MSS.  have  gone  back  to  their 
owner,  or  I  would  refer  to  a  long  printed 
obituary  notice  of  Dr.  Currie  which  is  among 
them.  *  HERBERT  MAXWELL. 

SLEEP  AND  DEATH  (9th  S.  xii.  389,  512;  10th 
S.  i.  315).— My  husband,  who  when  alive  was 
a   contributor  to    your   columns,    and  who 
after   his  death     was    spoken    of    by    the 
Athenaeum  as  "  one  of  the  best  of  the  minor 
poets,"  in  one  of  his  earliest  poems,    An  Ode 
to  Death,'  wrote  the  following  verse  :— 
Draw  nearer  still— upon  thy  breast 
Awhile  in  blissful  trance  I  fll  lie, 
And  gather  up  my  soul  to  rest ; 
^go— so,  sweet  Death  !  I  slumber,  I. 

CAROLINE  STEGGALL. 

Omar  Khayyam,  writing  circa  A.D.  1000, 
says  :— 

I  fell  asleep,  and  Wisdom  said  to  me, 
"  Never   from    Sleep  has   the  Rose  of  Happiness 

bloomed  for  any  one  ; 
Why  do  a  thing  that  is  the  Mate  of  Death  ? 

(Bodleian  MS.  Quatrain  27.) 

EDWARD  HERON- ALLEN. 

MINIATURE  OF  SIR  ISAAC  NEWTON  (10th 
S.  i.  248,  315).— I  must  take  the  earliest 
possible  opportunity  of  correcting  MR. 
COLEMAN'S  serious  misstatement  that  'Sir 
Isaac  Newton  was  the  first  President  of  the 
Royal  Society."  This  honour  belongs  to 
Viscount  Brouncker  and  Sir  Robert  Moray. 
Sir  Isaac  was  elected  President  of  the  Royal 
Society  on  30  November,  1703,  and  succeeded 
Lord  Somers,  who  had  retired  from  that 
position  in  the  autumn  of  that  year.  Bishop 
Wilkins  was  the  first  Chairman  of  the 
Society,  but  only  acted  in  this  capacity  for 
a  few  months,  or  until  the  election  of  bi 
Robert  Moray.  Sir  Robert  was  President 


356 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  i.  APRIL  so,  190*. 


from  6  March,  1661,  until  the  incorporation 
of  the  Society  on  15  July,  1662,  when  he  was 
succeeded  by  Lord  Brouncker. 

I  must  also  point  out  to  ME.  COLEMAN  that 
the  Royal  Society  was  never  known  as  the 
Royal  Academy  of  Sciences,  and  that  there 
can  be  no  possible  doubt  of  Sir  Isaac  being 
an  Associate  of  the  Royal  Academy  of 
Sciences  of  Paris,  by  the  Associates  of  which 
body  the  miniature  now  in  the  possession  of 
ME.  BIRKBECK  was  presented. 

CHAS.  F.  FOESHAW,  LL.D. 

Bradford. 

"  HANGED,  DEAWN,  AND  QUAETEEED  "  (10th  S. 
i.  809,  275). — When  1  ventured  to  ask  whether 
"hanging  "  did  not  come  before  "drawing,"  a 
long  and  unqualified  contradiction  was  the 
reply  at  7th  S.  xi.  502.  At  9th  S.  iv.  162  I 
gave  some  instances  to  show  that  the  order  of 
the  words  "  hanged,  drawn,  and  quartered  " 
had  a  foundation  in  fact.  It  is  true  that  the 
criminal  was  often  drawn  on  a  hurdle  to  the 
gallows,  but  it  is  just  as  true  that  the  with- 
drawing of  his  entrails  was  part  of  the 
sentence.  I  now  furnish  another  catena  of 
examples. 

_1441-2,  in  'Three  Fifteenth-Century  Chro- 

fllfiS.'     C*,R.mr\       Rn/>        T->      fi3   •     "TVio    r^ar-lra    \iraa 


:  "  There  can  be  no  hanging, 
quartering    on     the    present 


(1818,  iii.  290) 
drawing,  or 
occasion." 

1884,  Canon  Raine,  in  Surt.  Soc.,  vol.  Ixxix. 
p.  306 :  "Sir  John  was  hanged,  drawn,  and 
quartered  "  (1537).  W.  C.  B. 

MAETELLO  TOWEES  (10th  S.  i.  285). — In  con- 
firmation of  the  Morning  Post's  explanation, 
but  affording  additional  particulars,  is  the 
account  given  of  the  origin  of  these  towers 
in  Admiral  Smyth's  'Sailor's  Word-Book,' 
where  it  is  stated  that  they  were 
"  so  named  from  a  tower  in  the  Bay  of  Mortella, 
in  Corsica,  which,  in  1794,  maintained  a  very  deter- 
mined resistance  against  the  English.  A  martello 
tower  at  the  entrance  to  the  Bay  of  Gaeta  beat  off 
H.M.S.  Pomp6e  of  eighty  guns.  A  martello  is 
built  circular,  and  is  thus  difficult  to  hit,  with 
walls  of  vast  thickness,  pierced  by  loopholes,  and 
the  bomb-proof  roof  is  armed  with  one  heavy 
traversing  gun.  They  are  thirty  to  forty  feet  high, 
surrounded  by  a  dry  fosse,  and  the  entrance  is  by  cO. 
ladder  at  a  door  several  feet  from  the  ground." 
J.  H.  MACMICHAEL. 

In  'N.  &  Q.'  of  13  July,  1850,  p.  110,  a 
correspondent  (WM.  DUEEANT  COOPEE)  wrote 
that  Martello  was  "  a  mis-spelling  for  Mor- 
tella," and  gave  an  interesting  account  of  the 


Camd.  Soc.,  p.  63:  "The  clerke  was 
dampned  to  be  hanged,  drawe,  and  quartered." 

1549,  Latimer,  in  '  Seven  Sermons,'  Arber, 
p.  101  :  "  He  was  iudged  to  be  hanged, 
drawen,  and  quartred." 

1608,  in  Willet,  '  Exodus,'  p.  770. 

1623,  in  Shakespeare,  '  King  John,'  Act  II. 
sc.  ii. :  "  Hang'd,  and  drawn,  and  quarter'd." 

1641,  in  '  Diary  of  John  Rous,'  Camd.  Soc., 
p.  117  :  "  Thou  rnaist  whip  and  strip,  hang, 
draw,  and  quarter." 

1658,  in  'Obituary  of  Richard  Smyth,' 
Camd.  Soc.,  p.  47  :  u  Coll.  Ashton  &  one 
Batteley,  hanged,  drawn,  and  quartered." 

1660,  in  the  same,  p.  52:    "Coll.  Thomas 
Harrison  hanged,  drawn,  and  quartered." 

1661,  in  'Memoirs  of  Sir  John  Reresby,' 
1875,  p.  50  :  "  They  were  all  hanged,  drawn, 
and  quartered." 

« ri66!4'  V1  Surfcees  Soc.  Publ.,  vol.  xl.  p.  xix  : 
lo  be  hanged,  drawn,  and  quartered." 

J67u'™ntv£  Wood'  in  Oxf-  Hist  Soc->  xxi- 
Mr.  Richard  Langhorne  was  hanged, 
drawne,  and  quartered." 

1688  the  same,  xxvi.  276 :  "  Cornish  was 
nanged,  drawn,  and  quartered." 

1690,  the  same,  xxvi.  346:  "An  innkeeper 
was^hangd,  drawne,  and  quartered." 

"\    m    G.    Roussillon's     translation    of 

t  s    Revolution  in  Portugal,'  p.  88. 
101  *'  aS.an  edition  of  '  Hudibras,'  ii.  193. 
315,  Sir  W.  Scott,    in    the   'Antiquary' 


origin  of  the  towers  along  the  coasts  of  Kent 
and  Sussex,  which  were  constructed  in  con- 
sequence of  the  brilliant  defence  of  the  Tower 
of  Mortella  by  Ensign  Le  Tellier,  with  about 
forty  men,  against  a  formidable  attack,  both 
by  land  and  sea,  in  February,  1794.  A  further 
reference  to  the  name  is  to  be  found  at  p.  173. 

W.  S. 

When  I  visited  the  tomb  of  Csecilia  Metella* 
on  the  Appian  Way,  near  Rome,  the  guide 
Prof.  Reynaud  assured  the  party  that  the 
name  "  Martello "  was  a  corruption  given 
to  the  Channel  towers  from  their  likeness  to 
Metella's  tomb.  R.  B— E. 

ROWE  FAMILY  (10th  S.  i.  269).— Mark  Noble, 
in  his  'Lives  of  the  Regicides,'  says  that 
Owen  Rowe,  .the  regicide,  was  descended 
from  Sir  Thomas  Rowe,  Lord  Mayor  of 
London  in  1568.  The  following  may  be  con- 
sulted at  the  Corporation  Library,  Guild- 
hall : — 

"The  indictment,  arraignment,  tryal,  and  judg- 
ment at  large  of  twenty-nine  regicides,  the 

murtherers    of. King    Charles    I begun     at 

Hicks's-hall,  9th  Oct.,  1660,  and  continued  at  the 
Old-Baily."    London,  1739. 

See  also  1st  S.  ix.  449. 

EVEEAED  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

N  PEONOUNCED  AS   NG  (10th  S.  i.  247,  291).— 

Surely  ME.  SMITH    has    found    a  veritable 


i.  APRIL  so,  1904.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


357 


mare's  nest  in  the  supposed  inconsistency 
between  the  pronunciation  of  ankle,  anJci/losis, 
<fec.,  and  such  words  as  inquire,  inconvenient, 
inconsistent.  There  is  no  possible  relation 
between  the  two  classes  of  words.  The  latter 
are  compound  words,  consisting  of  a  verb  and 
a  prefix,  as  "in"  and  "qusero,"  while  the 
former  are  merely  the  arbitrary  English 
methods  of  spelling  Greek  words  which  are 
believed  to  have  been  pronounced,  so  far  as  this 
particular  sound  is  concerned,  as  we  usually 
pronounce  the  consonant  ng.  Why  the  sup- 
posed Greek  pronunciation,  for  example,  of 
dyKuAwcris  should  govern  that  of  compound 
words  derived  from  the  Latin  it  is  difficult 
to  see.  J.  FOSTER  PALMER. 

BURNS  ANTICIPATED  (10th  S.  i.  286).— In 
reference  to  the  very  striking  and  interesting 
parallel  furnished  by  him,  W.  I.  R.  V.  says, 
"Whether  this  anticipation  of  Burns  has  been 
previously  noticed  in  print  I  am  not  aware." 

I  may  say  that  it  appears  in  an  interesting 
article  on  'Parallel  Ideas  of  Nations,'  contri- 
buted to  Chambers^  Edinburgh  Journal  for 
3  February,  1844  (New  Series,  No.  5,  p.  70). 
It  is  also  given  in  Bartlett's  'Familiar  Quota- 
tions,' p.  226. 

The  context  of  the  above  article  also  gives 
two  other  anticipations  of  Burns  worth 
transcribing : — 

The  rank  is  but  the  guinea's  stamp, 
The  man 's  the  gowd  for  a'  that. 

Wycherley  says,  in  'The  Plain  Dealer,'  "I 
weigh  the  man,  not  his  title  :  'tis  not  the 
king's  stamp  can  make  the  metal  better  or 
heavier." 

This,  too,  is  given  in  Bartlett : — 

Whoe'er  thou  art,  O  reader,  know 

That  Death  has  murdered  Johnie  ; 
And  here  his  body  lies  fu'  low — 

For  saul,  he  ne'er  had  ony. 

"  In    a    rare    old    work,    '  Nugas    Venales,    sive 

Thesaurus  ridendi  et  jocandi,'   &c.,  bearing  date 

1663,  but  without  place  or  publisher's  name,  is  a 

Latin  epigram  turning  upon  exactly  the  same  jest : — 

Oh  Deus  omnipotens,  vituli  miserere  Joannis, 

Quern  mors  prasveniens  npn  sinit  esse  bovem  : 
Corpus  in  Italia  est,  habet  intestina  Brabantus, 
Ast  animam  nemo:  Cur?  quia  non  habuit." 

To  the  parallel  from  'Cupid's  Whirligig,' 
anticipating 

Her  prentice  ban'  she  tried  on  man,  &c., 
I  may  here  add  one  less  close,  but  similar 
•enough  to  be  interesting.  Steele,  in  his 
'  Christian  Hero,'  says  of  Adam  awaking  and 
seeing  Eve  :  "  He  beheld  his  own  rougher 
make  softened  into  sweetness,  and  tempered 
with  smiles  :  he  saw  a  creature  who  had,  as 
it  were,  Heaven's  second  thought  in  her  forma- 
tion." Here  we  may,  I  suppose,  see  a  tacit 


allusion  to  the  saying,  "  Second  thoughts  are 
best." 

The  similarity,  at  least  in  form,  between 
Burns's  'Twa  Dogs'  and  the  immortal 
'  Coloquio  de  los  Perros  '  of  Cervantes,  in  the 
'  Novelas  Ejemplares,'  has  probably  been 
often  noted.  C.  LAWRENCE  FORD,  B.A. 

LESLIE  STEPHEN'S  'ENGLISH  LITERATURE 
AND  SOCIETY  IN  THE  EIGHTEENTH  CENTURY' 
(10tn  S.  i.  288).— The  Maxwell  who  gave  a 
description  of  the  very  essence  of  garden  was 
probably  Sir  William  Stirling  Maxwell,  whose 
description  of  the  island  garden  of  Aranjuez 
is  quoted  at  pp.  286-7  in  'The  Praise  of 
Gardens,'  by  Albert  Forbes  Sieveking,  pub- 
lished by  Dent  &  Co.  in  1899. 

JAMES  WATSON. 

Folkestone. 

'JOHN  INGLESANT'  (10th  S.  i.  289).— Much 
information  is  given  in  the  articles  (princi- 
pally by  the  late  CUTHBERT  BEDE)  at  6th  S. 
vii.  341,  387,  457,  481. 

EVERARD   HOME   COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

The  Scots  Peerage.  Founded  on  Wood's  Edition  of 
Sir  Robert  Douglas's  '  Peerage  of  Scotland.' 
Edited  by  Sir  James  Balfour  Paul,  Lord  Lyon 
King  of  Arms.  Vol.1.  (Edinburgh,  Douglas.) 
To  a  |ociety  of  genealogists  and  men  of  letters  is 
owing  what  bids  fair  to  be  one  of  the  most  important 
genealogical  and  heraldic  works  of  modern  times. 
The  society  in  question,  which  numbers  many  well- 
known  writers  and  heraldic  experts,  is  presided  over 
by  Lyon  as  editor,  and  has,  accordingly,  a  cachet  of 
authority.  How  intricate  and  difficult  are  questions 
of  Scottish  descent  is  generally  known.  Our  own 
pages  overflow  with  correspondence  and  controversy 
on  a  subject  which,  in  a  time  happily  past,  led  to 
some  bickering.  For  the  basis  of  the  great  work 
now  undertaken  has  been  accepted  John  Philip 
Wood's  edition  of  '  The  Peerage  of  Scotland,'  by  Sir 
Robert  Douglas,  Bart.,  a  work  which,  in  spite  of  the 
castigation  it  received  from  Riddell,  is  recognized 
as  sound,  painstaking,  and,  considering  the  state  of 
knowledge  at  the  time,  authoritative — that  is,  as 
nearly  authoritative  as  it  could  be  expected  to  be. 
First  published  in  1764,  in  a  thick  folio  of  over  seven 
hundred  pages,  it  appeared  in  an  enlarged  form,  in 
two  volumes  folio,  in  1813,  with  the  additions  of 
Wood.  Much  of  the  original  matter  has  been  re- 
written— so  much,  indeed,  as  to  justify  the  editor  in 
giving  the  work  an  altered  title.  Himself  a  member 
of  an  old  Scottish  family,  Sir  Robert  Douglas  found 
open  to  him  the  records  of  the  principal  Scottish 
houses,  and  his  book  was  anotable  advance  upon  that 
of  George  Crawfurd,  published  almost  half  a  century 
earlier.  That  it  could  have  been  final,  even  as  regards 
the  period  reached,  no  one  with  the  slightest 
familiarity  with  Scottish  pedigrees  could  have 


358 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [io*  s.  i.  APRIL  ao,  1904. 


anticipated.      Since    Wood's   day    the   condition 
attending  genealogical  investigation  have  changed 
Nothing  in  the  way  of  printing  or  calendaring  publi 
or  private  records  had  then  been  done,  and  th 
writers  had  to  forage  as    they  could  among   ill 
arranged  and  unindexed  collections.    What  advancj 
has  been  made  in  these  matters  in  recent  years  i 
known  to  all,    and  especially  to  students  of    ou 
columns.  During  the  last  half  century  have  appearec 
'  The  Calendar  of  Documents  relating  to  Scotland, 
'  The  Register  of  the  Great  Seal,'  '  The  Exchequer 
Rolls,'  'The  Privy  Council  Registers,'  and  'The 
Lord  High  Treasurer's  Accounts.'  To  these  must  be 
added  the  publications  of  the  Bannatyne,  Maitland 
and  fepalding  Clubs.    About  one-fourth  has  been 
added  to  the  matter  contained  in  Wood's  Douglas 
As  the  task  of  revising  and  ordering  the  whole  of  the 
information  was  too  much  for  one  man,  the  greater 
portion  of  whose  lifetime  it  might  well  occupy,  and 
as,  moreover,  the  need  for  a  new  edition  was  urgent 
and  imperative,  it  has  been  entrusted  to  a  syn- 
dicate presided  over  by   the   most  accurate  and 
authoritative  of  Scottish  antiquaries.      There  is, 
indeed,  no  work  of  the  class  more  necessary  and  none 
likely  to  be  so  welcome.     The  aim  is,  of  course, 
primarily  genealogical,  historical  detail  being  neces- 
sarily subordinate.    To  the  historian,  however,  the 
work  also   appeals,    and    its  conclusions  will   be 
eagerly  anticipated  by  all  concerned  in  the  study 
of  both  subjects.    Fulness  of  reference  has  been  a 
special  aim,  and  the  peerage  seems  likely  in  this 
respect  to  set  a  notable  example.     Vol.  i.,  which, 
after   the   preliminary   portion   dealing  with   the 
Kings  of  Scotland,  begins  with  Abercorn,  Hamil- 
ton, Earl   of,  ends  with  Balmerino,  Elphinstone, 
Lord  ;  a   second   volume  is  in  the  press,  and  the 
whole,  which  is  to    be  in  six   volumes,   will   be 
issued   with   all    the   rapidity   reconcilable    with 
thoroughness  of  workmanship.      The  illustrations 
form    a     striking     and     important    feature.      A 
richly  coloured  plate  of  the  arms  of  the  Kings  of 
Scotland    constitutes    a     frontispiece  ;     full-page 
achievements  are  furnished  of  the  arms  of  sixteen 
peers.    Other  heraldic  designs  are  numerous. 

It  is  interesting  to  find  that  the  cost  of  the 
work,  which  is  issued  in  a  limited  edition  and  is 
brought  up  to  date,  would  have  been  almost 
prohibitive  but  for  the  assistance  furnished  by 
our  former  friend  and  contributor  Sir  William 
Fraser,  K.C.B.,  who  left  a  sum  of  money  to 
be  spent  in  printing  works  elucidatory  of  the 
history  of  Scotland.  It  must  not,  however,  be  sup- 
posed that  the  sum  in  question  was  sufficient  to 
cover  the  entire  outlay,  or  does  much  to  lessen  the 
obligation  due  to  the  enterprise  of  the  publisher. 
In  the  opening  portion,  on  the  Kings  of  Scot- 
land, the  point  of  departure  is  Malcolm  III., 
Ceannmor,  c.  1031-93,  the  record  closing  with  the 
Cardinal  Duke  of  York,  the  last  male  of  his  line, 
who  died  13  July,  1807.  All  concerned  with  this 
fine  production  are  to  be  congratulated  on  its 
inception,  and  the  execution  so  far  as  it  has  gone, 
and  scholars  generally  will  not  hesitate  to  acknow- 
ledge their  obligation. 

Great  Masters.  Part  XV.  (Heinemann.) 
FOR  '  The  Rest  on  the  Flight  into  Egypt '  of  Lucas 
Cranach,  from  the  Berlin  Museum,  it  is  claimed  that 
though  the  artist  was  a  manufacturer  who  turned 
out  pictures  as  a  cobbler  turns  out  boots,  this  work, 
painted  in  1504,  when  he  was  thirty-two  years  old, 
is  his  masterpiece.  It  has  but  recently  passed  from 


a  private  collection  into  its  present  home,  and  is, 
perhaps,  the  most  notable  acquisition  of  the 
Museum  during  recent  years.  From  the  Louvre 
comes  Leonardo's  '  Mona  Lisa,' ordinarily  known,  by 
a  name  Gabriele  d'Annunzio  has  once  more  brought 
into  celebrity,  as  '  La  Gioconda.'  The  expression, 
half  pleased,  half  amused,  of  this  lovely  portrait  is 
wonderfully  reproduced,  and  the  work  constitutes 
one  of  the  gems  of  the  series.  Another  recent 
acquisition  of  the  Berlin  Museum  is  '  The  Farm  '  of 
Adriaen  Van  de  Velde,  dated  1666.  It  is  a  thoroughly 
characteristic  picture,  the  trees  in  which  are  beauti- 
fully painted.  Before  them  the  animal  figures, 
which  are,  however,  much  praised,  seem  insignificant. 
Raeburn's  portrait  of  Mrs.  Hart  comes  from  Major 
Hotchkis's  collection.  It  was  painted  in  the  nine 
teenth  century,  its  date  being  about  1810,  and  so  is 
outside  the  general  scheme  of  the  series.  Few  will 
complain  that  the  directors  have  stretched  a  point 
in  order  to  include  it. 

CASSELL'S  "National  Library,"  which  has  been 
much  improved  in  shape  and  appearance,  opens  with 
a  cheap,  pretty,  and  handy  little  edition  of  George 
Eliot's  Silas  Mamer,  with  an  introduction  by  Stuart 
jr.  Reid,  and  a  reproduction  of  Sir  Frederick 
Burton's  portrait  of  the  author  from  the  National 
Portrait  Gallery. 

BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES. 

IF  the  April  catalogues  are  any  indication  as  to 
;he  condition  of  trade,  there  should  be  no  com- 
)laint  of  depression.  Fresh  lists  are  constantly 
>eing  received  by  us,  and  most  of  them  contain 
many  books  exceedingly  valuable  and  rare,  requir- 
ng  those  desirous  of  possessing  them  to  be  provided 
,vith  a  well-filled  purse. 

Mr.  Blackwell,  of  Oxford,  has  two  lists  of 
heological  works,  the  first  chiefly  English,  and 
he  second  foreign.  The  prices  are  moderate,  but 
among  the  more  expensive  are  'Chrysostomi  Opera 
3mnia,'  26  vols.  in  13,  royal  8vo,  half- vellum,  1839, 
01.  10s.  ;  '  Brentii  Opera,'  Tubingse,  1576-90,  51.  5s. ; 
Salmeronis  Opera,'  1606-15,  3/.  3s. ;  Melancththon, 
Brunswick,  1851-80,  28  vols.  4to,  51.  ;  and  Erasmus, 
540.  There  are  two  Hone  of  the  fifteenth  and  six- 
eenth  centuries. 

Those  seeking  works  relating  to  Scotland  will  do 
rell  to  consult  the  list  of  Mr.  Richard  Cameron, 
f  Edinburgh.  Among  many  items  referring  to 
cottish  burgh  records,  market  crosses,  scenery, 
nd  music  printers  will  be  found  '  Acts  of  the 
'arliament  of  Scotland,'  1224-1707,  12  vols.  folio, 
1.  10s.  ;  Scots  Magazine,  complete,  97  vols.,  1739- 
826,  W.  10s.;  a  set  of  The  Ten  Pounder,  1832; 
Spottiswoode  Miscellany';  Drummond's  'Ancient 
cottish  Weapons ' ;  and  a  set  of  Constable's  Miscel- 
any,  the  80  vols.  for  21.  15s.  Among  the  trials  is 
hat  of  James  Mackoull  for  robbing  the  Paisley 
>.ank  of  50,OOOZ.  in  1811. 

Mr.  James  Coleman,  of  Tottenham,  has  a  mixed 
atalogue  of  manuscripts  and  printed  books,  early 
>ourt  and  Rent  Rolls,  charters,  printed  pedigrees, 
nd  old  wills.  There  are  some  curious  deeds  relat- 
to  London,  comprising  one  with  reference  to 
and  in  Walbrook  in  1659;  another  (1712)  as  to  the 
anding-place  at  Fauxhall,  in  Lambeth  ;  an  account 
f  lands  given  to  St.  Giles,  Cripplegate,  1642;  a 
eed  between  the  Governors  of  the  Grey  Coat 
lospital,  Tothill  Fields,  and  Thomas  Cooper,  of 
t.  John's,  Westminster,  1756 ;  and  a  lithographic 


10*  s.  i.  APRIL  so,  loot.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


359 


sketch  of  the  north  bank  of  the  Thames,  1825,  being 
the  original  roll  showing  the  improvements  sug- 
gested by  Col.  Trench,  including  a  proposed  quay. 
Under  Oxford  we  find  the  decision  of  Dr.  Alworth, 
26  October,  1678,  "  that  Edmund  Warcup,  his  wife 
and  family,  alone  had  the  right  to  use  and  occupy 
the  north  aisle  in  the  parish  church  of  Northmore 
in  the  co.  of  Oxford." 

Mr.  Charles  Higham's  list  includes  a  unique 
library  of  hymnology  of  4,000  volumes,  many  of 
them  described  in  '  The  Dictionary  of  Hymnology,' 
1892,  but  others  of  earlier  date  and  not  known  to 
the  compilers  of  that  work.  The  great  majority  of 
the  books  are  in  English,  but  some  are  in  Greek, 
Latin,  French,  German,  and  other  languages.  The 
price  asked  is  3157.  Mr.  W.  T.  Brooke  has  largely 
assisted  in  the  collection.  The  catalogue  contains 
a  wide  selection  of  modern  theological  books.  We 
notice  one  exception,  a  copy  of  Baronius,  16  vols. 
folio,  calf,  1612-1727,  IQL  10s. 

Messrs.  Idle,  of  Bloomsbury,  have  a  catalogue  of 
modern  books  at  moderate  prices. 

Mr.  Macphail,  of  Edinburgh,  has  in  the  front 
page  of  his  catalogue  "an  ancient  prophecy  about 
to  be  fulfilled"  regarding  his  change  of  address 
to  St.  Giles  Street.  Among  rarities  in  Scottish 
literature  we  find  the  original  drawing  in  sepia 
of  'A Gala  Day  at  Abbotsford,'  by  Sir  William 
Allan.  The  picture  represents  Scott,  his  family, 
and  friends  in  the  grounds  at  Abbotsford.  The 
price  in  frame  is  4?.  4s.  Strangvage's  '  Mary  Stuart,' 
1624,  is  21*.  ;  first  edition  of  '  Rokeby,'  with  the 
portrait,  which  is  often  missing,  21s. ;  '  Acts  of 
the  Parliament  of  Scotland,'  1682-1731,  4  vols.,  35s. ; 
Lady  Anne  Barnard's  '  Auld  Robin  Gray,'  edited  by 
Scott,  1825,  42s.  (only  65  copies  printed) ;  and 
Buchanan's  '  Rerum  Scoticarum,'  1582.  There  are 
also  Jacobite  works ;  works  relating  to  family  his- 
tory, the  Bairds,  Dick  Cunynghames,  Douglases, 
Egertons,  Gowries,  Mures,  &c. ;  '  Views  of  London,' 
1794;  and  'Trials.' 

Messrs.  B.  &  J.  F.  Meehan,  of  Bath,  have  books 
relating  to  Bath  ranging  from  1770  to  the  present 
time.  There  is  a  '  Bath  Bibliography,'  containing 
200  works  in  prose  and  verse.  Other  items  are 
Cruikshank's  '  Odds  and  Ends,'  by  Merle,  1831, 
priced  at  2?.  2s. ;  'Scenes  from  the  Pickwick 

'1 

9  VO1S.,  il  IV,   i/wce  c*   it  CCA.,  10  vino.,  IOIKJ-W,  it.  jw.  -, 

Cripps's  'Old  English  Plate';  a  set  of  the 
Quarterly,  1809  to  1850,  87  vols.,  31.  3s. ;  and 
Wilkes's  Narlk  Briton,  including  No.  45,  which 
was  suppressed.  We  wish  Messrs.  Meehan  would 
print  their  catalogue  on  white  paper. 

Messrs.  Parsons's  catalogue  includes  Bryan's 
'  Painters,'  a  magnificently  extra-illustrated  copy, 
450£.  ;  a  large  collection  of  Alken's  illustrations ; 
Audsley^  '  Arts  of  Japan,'  1882-4,  very  rare,  1QL  10s. ; 
works  of  Bartolozzi ;  Boydell's  'Thames,'  14J.  14s. ; 
Burton's  'Arabian  Nights';  Rowlandson,  1811, 
&c.,  151.  15s.  ;  a  number  of  books  on  costume ; 
'  The  Politicke  and  Militarie  Discourses  of  Lord 
De  la  Noove,'  1587,  4?.  4s. ;  Dickens's  '  Grimaldi,' 
Bentley,  1838,  3i. ;  Edwards's  '  Etchings  of  Inns,' 
privately  printed,  1875-80,  12/.  12s. ;  Harding's 
'  Biographical  Mirrour,'  1795,  15/.  15s.  ;  original 
drawings  of  Gavarni,  50  guineas ;  Girtin's  '  Views 
of  Paris,'  1802,  11.  7s.  ;  '  Holbein's  Portraits,'  1812, 
HI  14s.  ;  '  Houghton  Gallery,'  Boydell,  1788, 


40  guineas ;  Houbraken  and  Yertue's  '  Heads  of 
Illustrious  Persons  of  Great  Britain,'  1756,  121.  12s. ; 
Kidd's  '  Views  of  Jamaica,'  1839 ;  '  Kit-Cat  Club 
Portraits,'  1735,  38  guineas  :  Madame  Lanchester's 
'The  Mirior  de  la  Mode,'  1803;  Lecomte's 
'  Costumes  de  Theatre  de  1600  £  1820,'  1830 ; 
Malton's  'Coloured  Views  of  Dublin,'  1791 ;  a  large 
number  of  works  on  military  costume,  including 
Smith's,  published  by  Colnaghi,  1815,  467. ;  coloured 
plate  books  of  battle  scenes ;  Millais's  sketches, 
25  guineas ;  an  original  unused  specimen  of  the 
Mulready  envelope,  10-9.  6d. ;  Nash's  'Mansions,' 
rare  coloured  copy,  1839-49,  38  guineas ;  original 
water  -  colours  of  English  ladies'  costume,  1800, 
25  guineas  ;  panoramas  of  Queen  Victoria's  Corona- 
tion, giving  the  Royal  cortege  and  the  whole  line  of 
decorated  streets,  also  Victoria's  Marriage,  and 
the  opening  of  the  Royal  Exchange  ;  Reynolds's 
complete  engraved  works,  1833-66,  180  guineas ; 
War  Tracts,  Americana,  &c.,  from  the  collection 
of  General  Knollys,  1689-97,  107.  10s. 

Messrs.  James  Rimell  &  Son  have  a  large  number 
of  choice  books  with  coloured  plates,  including  a 
copy  of  Pierce  Egan,  in  the  original  boards, 
1821-4,  131.  13?.  ;  Humphries's  '  Middle  Ages,'  81-. ; 
Mclan's  '  Clans  of  the  Scottish  Highlands,'  Acker- 
mann,  1845,  ll.ls.  ;  Racinet's' Costume  Historique,' 
21/. ;  Rowlandson's  '  Microcosm  of  London,'  24£.  ; 
'  Les  Peuples  de  la  Russie,'  Paris,  1812,  9/.  5-*. 
There  are  presentation  copies,  including  '  The 
Excursion.'  Written  on  the  flyleaf  is,  "  To  William 
Wordsworth  Talfourd,  from  his  friend  William 
Wordsworth,  London,  20  May,  1839."  This  is- 
priced  at  131.  13s.  The  catalogue  is  also  rich  in  his- 
torical and  personal  memoirs  and  military  works. 

Messrs.  Sotheran's  April  list  is,  like  all  their 
catalogues,  full  of  interest.  It  opens  with  subjects 
relating  to  Africa ;  then  we  have  Alp-lore,  then 
Americana,  including  Bancroft's  '  Historical  Wprka 
on  \Testern  American  Origins,'  San  Francisco, 
1883-93,  39  vols.,  211. ;  '  Harnman  Alaska  Expedi- 
tion,' 11.  15s.,  described  as  being  one  of  the  most 
important  works  on  North-West  America ;  Silk 
Buckingham's  works  on  America,  1842 ;  Kingsford's- 
'Canada,'  8  vols.,  31.  Is.  6d. ;  the  charter  granted 
by  William  and  Mary  to  the  inhabitants  of  Massa- 
chusetts Bay,  Boston,  1726,  rare,  181.  18s.  ;  '  The- 
Book  of  Mormon,'  1840-4, 2  vols.  16mo,  31.  3*.;  '  Vues- 
de  Boston,'  rare,  4£.  4s. ;  and  Schomburgk's  '  Guiana/ 
scarce,  31. 10s.  There  is  a  set  of  the  Annual  Register  r 
251.  Under  '  Botany '  occur  a  set  of  the  Botanical 
Magazine,  1787-1901,  150?. ;  Sander's  great  work  on 
orchids,  22/.  10s. ;  and  Sowerby's  '  English  Fungi,r 
1797-1803[-15],  extremely  scarce,  21/.  Napoleon's 
great  work  on  Egypt,  1809-22,  is  63/  ;  it  was  pub- 
lished at  1607.  unbound.  A  choice  copy,  in  the 
original  88  weekly  parts,  of  'Master  Humphrey's 
Clock,'  is  51.  5*.  Other  noteworthy  items  are  34  num- 
bers of  the  Eton  Miniature,  1805 ;  Florian's  works, 
printed  on  vellum  paper,  15  vols.,  Didot  I'ain6, 
1784-92,  107.  10s. ;  Cough's  '  Sepulchral  Monuments 
of  Great  Britain,'  very  rare,  1786-96,  251.  ;  Higgins's 
'  Celtic  Druids' ;  O'Donovan's  'Annals,'  7  vols.  4tor 
Dublin,  1856, 11. 10*. ;  Hodgson's  '  Northumberland,' 
large-paper  copy,  42/. ;  a  set  of  the  Royal  Society 
Transactions,  211. ;  and  in  the  Isham  reprints- 
'  Venus  and  Adonis,'  from  the  hitherto  unknown 
edition  of  1599,  'The  Passionate  Pilgrim,'  and 
others,  edited  by  Charles  Edmonds,  who  discovered 
them  over  a  stable  at  Lamport  Hall,  1870, 11. 11s.  6d. 
There  are  a  number  of  books  on  Scottish  subjects- 


360 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.      [ioth  s.  i.  APRIL  so, 


and  some  curious  works  on  witchcraft,  including 
' Pseudochristus,'  1650;  Hopkins's  'Discovery  o: 
Witches,'  1647 ;  Perkins's '  Discourse  of  the  Damned 
Art  of  Witchcraft,'  1608  ;  and  a  manuscript  list  of 
witches  in  Scotland,  1658. 

Mr.  James  Thin,  of  Edinburgh,  has  a  number  of 
anisoellaneous  books  on  the  fine  arts.  These  include 
Tadema,'  selected  by  F.  G.  Stephens,  21.  2s. ;  '  His- 
tory of  Art  Sales,  1628-1887,'  2  vols.  royal  4to,  issued 
to  subscribers  only,  1888,  24£.  ;  '  British  Gallery  of 
Pictures,'  31.  10s.  ;"'Life  of  Vicat  Cole,'  by  Robert 
•Chignell ;  '  Gallery  of  Pictures  selected  from  the 
•Galleries  and  Private  Collections  of  Great  Britain,' 
with  descriptions  by  S.  C.  Hall,  1872,  71.7s.  ;  Ottley's 
•'  Wood  Engraving,'  1816,  4£.  5s.  ;  Stafford  Collec- 
tion ;  Turner,  and  Raffaele.  The  law-books  include 
-a  set  of  the  Scottish  Jurist,  1829-73,  and  Scottish 
Law  Reporter,  27  yols.  Under  Military  will  be 
found  interesting  items.  Mr.  Thin  has  also  a 
•supplementary  list  of  new  books  at  very  reduced 
prices,  including  the  Anglo  -  Saxon  Review  for 
41.  15-s.,  and  Pearson's  '  Historical  Maps  of  England 
during  the  First  Thirteen  Centuries.' 

Mr.  Thorp,  of  Reading,  has  a  copy  of  the 
'Encyclopaedia  Britannica,  25  vols.,  Times  office,  as 
new,  for  91.  Spenser's  '  Faerie  Queene,'  the  beautiful 
illustrated  edition  of  1896,  is  51.  5s.  ;  Talfourd's 
'  Lamb,'  1838,  uncut,  scarce,  21.  10s.  ;  Barbault's 
'  Rome,'  1761,  large  thick  paper,  51.  10s.  ;  Holings- 
head's  '  Chronicles,'  1586-7,  101.  10s.  ;  Swift's 
•'  Directions  to  Servants,'  1745,  '  The  Injured  Lady, 
1746,  and  '  The  Chace,'  the  three  tracts  in  1  vol., 
;8vo.  calf,  51.  5s.  ;  the  Britannia,  weekly  journal, 
January,  1840,  to  December,  1849,  9  vols.,  11.  ; 
'Topself  s  '  History  of  Four-Footed  Beasts,  1607,  a 
•curious  work,  in  which  the  unicorn,  satyr,  ape,  and 
hunting  horse  are  described,  11.  10s. ;  a  set  of  the 
"  Anglo-Catholic  Theology  Library,"  Parker,  1841-67, 
.88  vols.  41.  4s. ;  first  edition  of  Byron's  '  Hours  of 
Idleness,'  Newark,  1807  ;  Dickens's  works,  a  set  of 
first  and  early  editions,  71.  10s. ;  Miss  Burney's 
'Camilla'  and  'The  Wanderer,'  first  editions; 
and  Parker's  'Archaeology  of  Rome.'  Interesting 
items  are  to  be  found  under  America,  Architecture, 
Angling,  Berkshire,  Chronicles,  &c. 

Mr.  Wilfrid  M.  Voynich  sends  us  another  of  his 
;short  catalogues,  and  we  take  the  opportunity  of 
offering  to  him  our  congratulations  on  his  becoming 
•  a  naturalized  Englishman.  The  Athencenm  believes 
that  he  is  the  first  Polish  political  exile  to  receive 
letters  of  naturalization.  The  new  list  is  full  of 
rarities.  Under  Americana  is  a  black-letter  Hak- 
luyt,  1589,  30Z.  Archaeology  includes  Alexandro, 
'  Dies  Geniales,'  ed.  princeps,  Rome,  1522 ;  Junius, 
•'  The  Painting  of  the  Ancients ' ;  and  Prasch's  collec- 
tion of  epitaphs,  Augsburg,  1624.  Under  Bibles  is 
the  very  rare  first  Polish  Bible  (the  British  Museum 
possesses  only  an  imperfect  copy,  and  Mr.  Voynich 
knows  of  no  copy  in  America),  Cracow,  1561.  The 
price  of  this  is  30?.  In  an  interesting  note  it  is 
mentioned  that  "  few  books  have  been  the  cause 

of  so  much  discussion and  the  vexed  question 

of  the  translator's  identity  is  still  unsettled." 
Other  noteworthy  entries  are  'Isocrates,'  Basle, 
1582  (no  copy  of  this  is  in  the  British  Museum) ; 
'  France  and  Spanish  Armada,'  Bergamo,  1594  (a 
rare  collection,  edited  by  Ventura);  Bunyan's 
'  Life  and  Death  of  Mr.  Badniau,'  1680,  201.  (this 
is  the  rare  first  edition,  "no  copy  has  been  sold 
in  the  auction-rooms  in  England  during  the  last 
: sixteen  years");  'Pilgrim's  Progress,'  Hamburg, 


1703,  12mo,  101.  10s.  (the  earliest  German  edition  in 
the  British  Museum  is  1751)  ;  English  Presses  before 
1640  ;  Erasmiana  ;  Greek  Presses  ;  Incunabula  ; 
Secrets,  Inventions,  and  Occult  Science  ;  and 
Shakespeariana. 

Messrs.  Henry  Young  &  Sons,  of  Liverpool,  have 
Beattie's  '  Castles  and  Abbeys,'  21.  10s.  ;  Walbran's 
'  Abbeys,'  41.  4s.  (complete  copies  of  this  are  seldom 
to  be  met  with)  ;  Archbishop  Parker's  rare  edition 
of  three  Chronicles,  including  Asser's  life  of 
Alfred,  1574,  41.  10s.  ;  Bewick's  '  Quadrupeds,'  1807, 
61.  6s.  ;  valuable  books  on  birds  ;  second  edition  of 
'  Don  Quixote,'  1652,  51.  5s.';  Skelton's  '  Charles  the 
First  '  ;  and  Cruikshank's  '  Lessons  of  Thrift,'  hand- 
coloured  etchings,  Boys,  1820,  51.  15s.  Under 
Early  Printing  are  St.  Jerome's  '  Lives  of  the 
Holy  Fathers,'  Venice,  1483  ;  '  The  Decrees  of  Pope 
Gregory  IX.,'  1482;  and  Thomas  a  Kempis,  12mo, 
1486.  Hayward's  'Edward  the  Sixt,'  1630,  and 
Milles's  '  Heraldry,'  1608,  are  notable,  as  are  items 
under  Tudor  Law,  Kelmscott  Press,  Naval  (including 
Pepys's  '  State  of  the  Royal  Navy  of  England,'  first 
edition,  1690),  Walter  Pater,  Plantin's  Press  ;  the 
second  edition  of  '  The  Faerie  Queen,'  fine  copy, 
1611,  10/.  10s.  ;  and  MacGillivray's  'Natural  History 
of  Dee  Side  and  Braemar,'  privately  printed  by  com- 
mand of  Queen  Victoria  (this  copy  was  presented 
by  Prince  Albert  to  Col.  Sir  T.  Cautley,  1855). 
There  are  also  a  number  of  bargains  for  book 
collectors. 


We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices  :  — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "  Duplicate." 

E.  S.  MARSHALL  ("Impression  of  Seal").—  To  us 
the  seal,  which  we  have  no  means  of  reproducing, 
seems  modern. 

C.  H.  BICKERTON  HUDSON  ("Somerset  Notes  and 
Queries").  —  You  had  better  inquire  of  Messrs. 
Meehan,  of  Bath,  or  Messrs.  George's  Sons,  of 
Bristol. 

CORRIGENDA.—  Ante,  p.  297,  col.  1,  1.  15,  for  "ait" 
read  aut  ;  and  1.  19,  for  "  sensitus  "  read  sensibus, 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "  The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'"  —  Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
lisher" —  at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  B.C. 

We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
communications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do  not 
print  ;  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


.  i.  APRIL  so,  i9M.]       NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  - 


BOOKSELLERS'    CATALOGUES    (APRIL). 


WILFRID  M.  VOYNICH, 

68,  SHAFTESBURY  AVENUE,  PICCADILLY, 

AND 

1,  SOHO  SQUARE,  OXFORD  STREET,  LONDON, 

Publishes  MONTHLY  LISTS,  containing  full  Biblio- 
graphical Description  of  all  Books.  Specialities :  English 
Literature,  Shakesperiana,  Bindings,  and  Incunabula. 

Illustrated  Lists  for  sale  at  2s.  6d.  each. 

ILLUSTRATED  LIST  VIII.  and  SUPPLE- 
MENT contains  descriptions  of  162  UNKNOWN 
BOOKS  and  an  UNKNOWN  MAGELLAN  MAP, 
•which  are  to  be  sold  as  a  Collection. 


FRANCIS    EDWARDS, 

83,  HIGH  STREET,  MARYLEBONE, 
LONDON,  W. 

CATALOGUES  JUST  READY. 
AUSTBALASIA.    Supplement.    56pp. 

ORIENTAL    CATALOGUE.     Part  V.     CHINA,  Ac. 
100pp. 

ORIENTAL    CATALOGUE.       Part    VL      JAPAN, 

FORMOSA,  PHILIPPINES,  &c.    84  pp. 
MILITARY  LITERATURE.    24  pp. 
RARE  and  VALUABLE  BOOKS  (No.  271).    48pp. 
Gratis  on  application. 


JUST  PUBLISHED. 

CATALOGUE  of  INTERESTING  BOOKS,  Pre- 
sentation Copies,  Sporting,  Angling,  &c.,  many  with 
Coloured  Plates  by  Alken,  Cruikshank,  Rowlandson,  &c. 

ALSO  LATELY  PUBLISHED. 

CATALOGUE  of  ENGRAVINGS,  chiefly  of  the 
English  School. 

POST  FREE. 

JAMES   RIMELL  &   SON, 

53,  SHAFTESBURY  AVENUE,  LONDON,  W. 
(Near  Piccadilly  Circus.) 

Books  and  Engravings  Bought  for  Cash. 


THOMAS    THORP, 

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361 


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CONTENTS. -No.  19. 

NOTES  :— Inscriptions  at  Orotava,  Tenerife,  351  —  Birth- 
Marks,  362— St.  Margaret's  Church  and  the  Queen's  West- 
minsters, 363— Jenny  Greenteeth— The  Cheshire  Cat  in 
America,  365  —  Nelson  at  Bath  —  Thomas  Rankin  —  Sir 
William  Catesby— "Hasped"  —  Casting  Lots,  366— Tower 
Bridge  Anticipated,  367. 

QUERIES  :— '  Ancient  Orders  of  Gray's  Inn  '—Commemo- 
rative Tablets  —  John  Mottley,  Dramatist,  367— Dryden 
Portraits— Lord  Gowran — Mirfield  Book  Society — "Send" 
of  the  Sea  -  Epitaph  on  Lieutenant  of  Marines — Lady 
Chan  trey —Brome— Edward  Williams— "  Sal  et  saliva"— 
St.  Bees'  Head,  Cumberland,  368  —  Roman  Tenement 
Houses— Brazen  Bijou  — "Gringo"  :  "  Griengro "—Chair 
of  St.  Augustine — Number  Superstition,  369. 

REPLIES  :— Engravings,  369—"  Hanged,  drawn,  and  quar- 
tered"— Burns  Anticipated— Tideswell  and  Tideslow,  371 
— "As  the  crow  flies" — Women  Voters  in  Counties  and 
Boroughs— Birds'  Eggs,  372— Arms  of  Pope  Pius  IX.— 
Latin  Lines— Manitoba— "  The  Crown  and  Three  Sugar 
Loaves,"  373  — Mitchel  &  Finlay,  Bankers  — Bass  Rock 
Music— Fair  Maid  of  Kent— "  Foleit' "—Torpedoes,  374— 
Tickling  Trout— Barbers— Scotch  Words  and  English  Com- 
mentators—" Ship  "  Hotel  at  Greenwich— Louis  XVII. — 
Battlefield  Sayings— James  Brindley,  375  — Nelson  and 
Wolsey,  376— "There  was  a  man"— Northall,  Shropshire— 
St.  Mewbread  —  Carson  —  Prints  and  Engravings,  377 — 
Batrome— Admiral  Donald  Campbell,  378. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS :  — Smith's  'Elizabethan  Critical 
Essays' — Jekyll's  '  Old  West  Surrey' — Almack's  'Book- 
plates'—Coleridge's 'Aids  to  Reflection'— 'Transactions 
of  the  Royal  Historical  Society  '—Magazines  and  Reviews. 

Michael  Lloyd  Ferrar. 
Notic«s  to  Correspondents. 


INSCRIPTIONS  AT  OROTAVA,  TENERIFE. 

THE  following  record  of  inscriptions  on 
tombs  of  persons  of  English  nationality  in 
the  English  cemetery  at  Port  Orotava,  Tene- 
rife, was  taken  on  22  February.  There  are 
a  few  interments  without  inscriptions,  and  a 
few  of  persons  of  other  nationalities,  which 
are  not  recorded  here. 

1.  Anne,  w.  of  Charles  Smith,  M.A.,  of  St. 
John's,  Cambridge,  and  2nd  dau.  of  the  late 
Benjamin  Thompson,  Esq.,  of  Workington, 
Cumberland,  b.  27  Dec.,  1801,  mar.  12  Sep., 
1833,    ob.   26    Nov.,    1862.      Also   the  above 
•Charles  Smith,  many  years  resident  in  the 
Valley  of   Orotava,    b.  31    Aug.,    1804,    ob. 
13  Aug.,  1885. 

2.  Mary  Smith,   sister   of   Charles   Smith, 
M.A.,  b.  in  London,  16  Feb.,  1795,  ob.  at  Port 
Orotava,  12  Nov.,  1875. 

3.  Fanny  Aimee  Kathleen,  d.  of  Derwent 
Smith  ana  Fanny  his  wife,  b.  5  May,  1875, 
•ob.  5  July,  1876. 

4.  Andres  Daniel  Goodall,  ob.  19  Dec.,  1879, 
a.  78. 

5.  Ysabel  Fleming  Goodall  de  Carpenter, 
ob.  3  July,  1873,  a.  79. 


6.  Tomas    Carpenter     ob.    1    June,    1871 
a.  84. 

7.  David  Boswell  Goodall,  ob.  29  Ap.,  1871. 

a.  70. 

8.  Juana  Goodall,  ob.  28  May,  1847. 

[The  above  are  all  enclosed  by  one  railing, 
and  the  last  inscription  is  already  very 
indistinct.  The  last  five  are  in  Spanish.] 

9.  Charles    Hughes    Cousens,  ob.   14  Ap., 
1898,  b.  26  Nov.,  1861. 

10.  George  Herbert  Wilson,  s.  of  the  Eev. 
John  Wilson,  M.A.,  Free  Church,  Canonbie, 
Scotland,  ob.  3  Feb.,  1889,  a.  3  months. 

11.  Betty,  only  child  of  Robert  and  Helena 
Acland  Hood,  b.  23  Ap.,   1900,   ob.  20  Feb., 
1901. 

lla.  George  Simpson  Nixon,  Oct.,  1890. — 
Indistinct. 

12.  Janet  Findlater  Andrew,  ob.  6  Feb.,  1903. 

13.  Joseph  Seymour  Biscoe,  Major  Bengal 
Staff    Corps,    previously    Royal     Artillery, 

b.  9  Aug.,  1843,  ob.  30  Oct.,  1890. 

14.  Brooke  Lewis  Laing,  b.  at  Colchester, 
ob.  suddenly  12  May,  1872,  a.  21.— In  Latin. 

15.  Benjamin  Smith,  M.D.,  b.  2  Feb ,  1804, 
ob.  10  Mar.,  1868,  at  Puerto  de  Orotava. 

16.  Susan  Heard  Dabney,  wid.  of  Charles 
William  Dabney,  of  Boston,  Mass.,  ob.  25  Dec., 
1896,  a.  77. 

17.  James  W.  Morris,  ob.  25  Nov.,  1878, 
a.  29. 

18.  George  Herbert  Marriott,  ob.  at  Oro- 
tava,  17  Aug  ,  1893,  a.   45.— Inscription  on 
local  stone,  and  already  indistinct. 

19.  Arthur  Henry  Pring,  b.  20  Sept.,  1855, 
ob.  17  May,  1893. 

20.  Alice  Evelyn  Wharry,  b.  19  June,  1889, 
ob.  15  May,  1890. 

21.  Walter  Long  Boreham,  1848-1890. 

22.  Maria  Carter  Kenshaw,  b.  26  Oct.,  1846, 
ob.  16  Mar.,  1880. 

23.  Adeline,    w.    of    Lieut.-Col.    Girardot, 
ob.  22  Feb.,  1889,  a.  39. 

24.  Fitzroy  William  Kichard  Hichens,  ob. 
12  Feb.,  1891,  a.  24. 

25.  M.     W.     Stuart     Isacke,     M.R.C.S., 
L.R.C.P.,  b.  18  Mar.,  1871,  ob.  27  Dec.,  1901. 

26.  Charles  William  Robinson,  b.  in  India, 
ob.  at  Puerto  Orotava,  19  Oct.,  1886,  a.  35. 

27.  Benjamin  Brancker,   b.  29  Nov.,  1819, 
ob.  16  Mar.,  1900. 

28.  John  Lanyon,  of  Lisbreen,  Fort  William 
Park,  Belfast,  ob.  at  Orotava,  13  Feb.,  1900, 
a.  61. 

29.  Florence  Sarah,  w.  of  G.  W.  Strettell, 
ob.  at  Orotava,  29  July  (her  natal  day),  1891, 
a.  39. 

30.  George  William  Strettell,  ob.  at  Orotava, 
17  June,  1898. 

31.  Alfred  William  Webster,  youngest  s.  of 


362 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         po*  s.  i.  MAY  7,  MM. 


the  late  James  Webster,  Esq.,  of  Hatherley 
Court,  Cheltenham,  b.  1847,  ob.  1895. 

32.  W.     Sealy     Vidal,      Captain     Royal 
Engineers,  ob.  14  Jan.,  1896,  a.  75. 

33.  John  Stirling,  gr.  son  of  John  btirling, 
of  Kippendavie,  Perth,  N.B.,  ob.  15  May,  1894, 

'34.' John  Ronald  Rainey,  ob.  at  Orotava, 
16  July,  1896,  a.  47. 

35    Robin  Perry,  b.  May,  1866,  ob.  Jan.,  1895. 
36.  Jean  Logan  Muir,  ob.  13  Feb.,  1893. 

37  Henry  W.  Isacke,  Col.  Royal  Artillery, 
b.  29  Sept.,  1841,  ob.  14  Mar.,  1902. 

38  Mabel    Burleigh,    b.    at    Kingstown, 
Ireland,  28  May,  1868,  ob.  at  Orotava,  20 Nov., 

1891 

39!  Edwin,  s.  of  John  and  Annie  Naylor,  of 
Fern  Hill,  near  Halifax,  England,  ob.  19  April, 
1891,  a.  34. 

40.  William  Howard,  of  Brading,  Bourne- 
mouth, ob.  30  Jan.,  1889,  a.  33. 

41.  Donald  A.  Kennedy,  b.  8  Dec.,  1860,  ob. 
12  Jan.,  1889. 

42.  Arthur  Grene  Robinson,  7th  s.  of  the 
late  Robt.  Robinson,  of  Partick,  Glasgow,  ob. 
at  Orotava,  17  Feb.,  1898,  a.  45. 

43.  George  Ballingall  Stuart, M.B., Surgeon 
Lieut. -Colonel,  formerly  of  the  Royal  Scots 
Greys  and  Grenadier  Guards,  b.  at  Bombay, 
8  July,  1848,  ob.  at  Orotava,  2  Aug.,  1897. 

44.  Peter  Mortimer  Turnbull,  of  Smithston 
Rhynie,    Aberdeenshire,   ob.   at  Hotel  Mar- 
tianez,  Orotava,  7  Mar.,  1898,  a.  51. 

45.  Norah  Grace,  d.  of  Vice-Admiral  T.  B. 
Sulivan  and  Isabel  his  w.,  ob.  1  June,  1897, 
a.  24. 

45a.  Alice  Haynes,  ob.  26  May,  1901. 

46.  Francis    William   Evelegh,    6th    s.    of 
Captain     George    Carter     Evelegh,    Royal 
Artillery,  of  Newport,  I.  of  Wight,  b.  17  Feb., 
1849,  ob.  30  Nov.,  1902. 

47.  Hugh    Lindsay    Maclennan,    Captain 
3rd  Batt.   Seaforth    Highlanders,    and    for 
thirty-one    years     Quartermaster     at    Fort 
George,  Scotland,  b.  4  Sept.,  1837,  ob.  12  Sept., 
1896. 

48.  Robert  William  Forrest,  B.A.,  Queen's 
College,  Oxford,  eldest  s.  of  the  Rev.  R.  W. 
Forrest,  D.D.,  Prebendary  of  St.  Paul's,  Vicar 
of    St.    Jude's,  South  Kensington,    and    of 
Isabella  his  wife,  b.  at  Liverpool,   20  Feb., 
1863,  ob.  22  Mar.,  1887. 

49.  Edward  Heron  Ryan   Tenison,  ob.  at 
Orotava,  14  Sept.,  1894,  a.  34. 

50.  Edward  Rendall,  b.   28  Feb.,  1855,  ob. 
29  Dec.,  1894. 

51.  The  wife  (no  name)  of  Stephen  Crosby 
Mills,  United  States  Army,  ob.  14  Dec.,  1889. 

52.  Agnes  Wemyss   Janson,  ob.    17   July, 
1892. 


53.  George  Puckle,  Lieut.  Royal  Marines, 
eldest  s.   of  Colonel  H.   G.  Puckle,  Madras 
Staff  Corps,  ob.  at    Orotava,  16  May,  1892, 
a.  25. 

54.  General  J.   W.   Orchard,   Bengal  Staff 
Corps,  ob.  18  Mar.,  1893,  a.  65. 

55.  Arthur  Patchett    Martin,   formerly  of 
Melbourne,  Australia,    b.    18  Feb.,  1851,  ob. 
15  Feb.,  1902. 

56.  Edith  Louise  Jennings,  ob.  10  Ap.,  1893,. 
a.  24. 

57.  John  Townsend  Kirkwood,  of  Boldre- 
wood,  Berks,  formerly  of  Yeo  Vale,  Bideford, 
Devon,  b.  7  Oct.,  1814,  ob.  10  Jan.,  1902. 

G.  S.  PARRY,  Lieut.-Col. 


BIRTH-MARKS. 

THE  note  on  still-born  children  (ante,  p.  281) 
calls  to  mind  the  various  curious  ideas 
about  mothers'  marks.  I  believe  medical 
men  nowadays  altogether  ridicule  the  wide- 
spread belief  that  pregnant  women  mark 
their  children  with  objects  they  have  longed 
for.  May,  in  Chaucer's  'Marchand's  Tale,'' 
says  : — 

I  telle  yow  wel  a  womman  in  my  plyt 
May  have  to  fruyt  so  gret  an  appetyt 
That  sche  may  deyen,  but  sche  it  have. 

In  my  edition  (Bell,  1878)  there  is  this 
note,  I  presume  by  Prof.  Skeat :  "  An  allu- 
sion to  the  well-known  vulgar  error  about 
the  longings  of  pregnant  women."  But  is 
it  quite  certain  that  this  is  a  vulgar  error  ? 
It  has,  of  course,  long  been  considered  sot 
for  as  far  back  as  1765  a  book  was  published 
entitled  'Letters  on  the  Force  of  Imagina- 
tion in  Pregnant  Women,  wherein  it  is  proved 
that  it  is  a  ridiculous  prejudice  to  suppose 
it  possible  for  a  Pregnant  Woman  to  mark 
her  child  with  the  figure  of  any  object  she 
has  longed  for.' 

Jacob's  stratagem  (Genesis  xxx.  37-39)  of 
preparing  streaked  rods,  whereby  "the 
flocks  conceived  before  the  rods,  and  brought 
forth  cattle  ringstraked,  speckled,  and 
spotted,"  is  a  very  ancient  example  of  the 
belief  of  the  power  of  imagination  in  such 
cases.  It  is  not  desirable  to  quote  old  Burton 
in  full  on  a  topic  so  congenial  to  him,  so  the 
following  may  suffice  : — 

"Jacob  the  Patriarke,  by  force  of  imagination, 
made  peckled  Larobes,  laying  peckled  roddes 
before  his  sheepe.  Persina,  that  Ethiopian  Queene 
in  Heliodorus,  by  seeing  the  picture  of  Perseus  and 
Andromeda,  in  steed  of  a  Blackmoore,  was  brought 
to  bed  of  a  faire  white  child." 
"Ipsam  faciem  quam  anirno  effigiat,  foetui 
inducit,"  and  so  on. 

A  note  in  Dr.  Douglas's  'Criterion'  (1754, 
p.  153)  is  very  much  to  the  point : — 


i.  MAY  7, 1904.]          NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


363 


"  For  many  curious  and  surprizing  Instances  of 
the  effects  of  the  Imagination  of  the  Mother  on 
the  Foetus,  the  Reader  may  consult  Fienus,  who  is 
very  copious  on  this  subject,  in  his  Treatise  'de 
Viribus  Imaginationis,'  Malebranche's  '  Recherche 
de  la  Verite,'  B.  ii.  C.  7,  and  Dr.  James's  'Dic- 
tionary' under  the  Article  of  Imagination.  As 
some  Physicians  pretend  to  doubt,  nay,  to  laugh 
at  such  Stories,  it  may  not  be  improper  to  sub. 
join  the  opinion  of  Dr.  Mead,  and  his  Testimony 
to  their  Truth.  '  Quid  mirabilius  iis,  quse  in 

fraviditatibus  non  raro  contingere  videnius  ? 
temina  in  utero  gestans,  si  forte  quid  appetiverit, 
et  frustra  fit,  interdum  rei  concupitse  figuram 
quondam,  aut  similitudinem,  in  hac  aut  ilia  corporis 
parte,  fcetui  suae  imprimit.  Imo,  quod  majus,  et 
prodigii  instar,  subita  partis  ahcujus  laesione 
perterrita  matre,  ipsa  ilia  pars  in  infante  noxam 
sentit,  et  nutrimenti  defectu  marcescit.  Scio  hujus- 
modi  onines  historias  a  Medicis  nonnullis,  quoniam 
qui  talia  fieri  possunt  baud  percipiunt,  in  dubium 
yocari.  At  multa,  qure  ipse  vidi,  exempla  mihi  hac 
in  re  scrupulum,  omnem  ademerunt.'  — '  Medica 
Sacra,'  p.  71." 

Maury,  in  his  great  work  on  magic, 
writes  thus  on  stigmatization  : — 

"  II  est  done  opere,  en  realite,  un  travail  dans 
1' economic,  Tame  a  agi  sur  la  chair,  et,  suivaut  quo 
son  action  a  ete  plus  ou  moins  puissante,  la  chair 
a  garde  des  traces  plus  ou  moms  apparentes  de 
1'idee.  Des  faits  de  ce  genre  tendent  a  nous  faire 
croire  quo  1'opinion  populaire  sur  les  envies  de 
femmes  grosses,  et  sur  1'influence  de  la  pense"e  de 
la  mere  sur  le  corps  de  1'enfant  qu'elle  porte  dans 
son  sein,  merite  un  serieux  examen." — 'La  Magie,' 
1864,  p.  403. 

Is,  then,  the  belief  in  these  ncevi  quite  a 
"vulgar  error"  after  all?  There  are,  we 
know,  many  people  bearing  birth-marks  of 
one  sort  or  another,  attributed  by  themselves, 
their  mothers,  and  other  relatives,  to  the 
cause  here  indicated. 

Dear  old  Montaigne,  in  his  very  curious 
chapter  on  'The  Force  of  Imagination,'  among 
many  whimsicalities,  has  this  : — 

"  Nous  veoyons  par  experience  les  femmes 
envoyer,  aux  corps  des  enfants  qu'elles  portent  au 
ventre,  des  marques  de  leurs  fantasies ;  tesmoing 
celle  qui  engendra  le  more :  et  il  feut  present^  £ 
Charles,  roy  de  Boheme  et  empereur,  une  fille 
d'auprez  de  Pise,  toute  velue  et  herissee,  que  sa 
mere  disoit  avoir  este"  ainsi  conceue  k  cause  d.'une 
image  de  sainct  Jean  Baptiste  pendue  en  son  lict." 
— Liv.  i.  ch.  xx. 

That  Dr.  Mead's  opinion  was  not  peculiar 
to  him  is  evidenced  from  the  following  defi- 
nition in  Dr.  Quincy's  '  Lexicon  Physico- 
Medicum,'  1794  :— 

"Ncevi,  signify  those  marks  that  are  made  upon 
the  foetus,  by  the  imagination  of  the  mother,  in 
longing  for  anything." 

JAMES  HOOPER. 

Norwich. 


ST.    MARGARET'S    CHURCH   AND   THE 
QUEEN'S   WESTMINSTERS. 

A  LARGE  number  of  our  English  cathedrals 
and  parish  churches  are  the  depositories  of 
old  regimental  colours,  which  from  a  variety 
of  causes  have  fallen  into  desuetude  by  the- 
regiments  to  which  they  belong  ;  and  thafe 
they  should  be  left  to  rest  in  these  sacred 
buildings  seems  a  good  and  salutary  custom, 
and  one  against  which  nothing  can  be  urged. 
Therefore  it  is  only  fit  and  proper  that  the 
interesting  old  colours  of  the  Queen's  West- 
minster Volunteers  should  have  found  a 
resting-place  within  St.  Margaret's  Church, 
for  they  have  a  very  respectable  antiquity, 
having  been  presented  to  the  Westminster 
Volunteers  in  1798  by  the  Countess  Grosvenor, 
whose  husband  was  the  colonel  of  the  regi- 
ment, which  had  just  been  raised.  The  pre- 
sentation took  place  on  the  site  of  the  Nelson 
Column  in  Trafalgar  Square.  In  1814  the 
corps,  along  with  the  remainder  of  the  volun- 
teer force,  being  disbanded,  the  colours  in 
question  were  presented  at  St.  Margaret's 
Church,  with  a  solemn  service,  to  the  rector, 
who  laid  them  upon  the  Communion  table. 
Hanging  upon  the  south  wall  of  the. church, 
just  inside  the  east  door,  entered  through 
the  Sherbrooke  Memorial  Porch  (see  8th  S.  xi. 
304),  is  a  small  framed  notice  : — 

The  Colours  were  presented  to  the  Saint  Mar- 
garet's and  Saint  |  John's  Volunteer  Infantry  by  the 
Countess  Grosvenor  on  the  |  17th  day  of  August, 
1798,  Robert,  Earl  Grosvenor,  being  the  first  |  Com- 
mandant of  the  Regiment. 

On  the  return  of  Peace,  and  the  further  services 
of  the  Volunteer  |  Infantry  being  dispensed  with  by 
His  Majesty's  Government,  they  were  |  by  permis- 
sion of  John  Cooper  and  William  Glasier  Esqre, 
Church  Ward*  |  of  this  Parish  here  deposited  for  a 
lasting  memorial  of  the  Loyalty,  |  Patriotism,  and 
Zeal  of  the  Inhabitants  of  these  Parishes  in  times 
of  the  |  utmost  danger  from  the  threatened  Invasion 
of  a  powerful  and  malignant  |  foreign  foe,  and  from 
the  traiterous  [sic]  and  desperate  designs  of 
domestic  |  enemies,  but  from  which  the  mercies  of 
Divine  Providence  have  now  |  happily  delivered  our 
beloved  Country. 

John  Jones,  late  Major  Commandant. 

Deposited  9th  December,  1814. 

So  far  as  can  be  ascertained,  there  is  no 
evidence  where  the  colours  were  afterwards 
placed  in  the  church,  or  for  what  period  after 
that  date  they  remained  on  view,  but  ulti- 
mately they  appear  to  have  been  put  in  a 
room  in  the  tower  where  a  large  quantity 
of  lumber  was  stored,  and  their  existence 
forgotten.  In  1886  they  were  discovered 
(together  with  the  document  above  quoted) 
packed  away  in  two  boxes  in  a  very  shabby 
condition.  It  was  at  once  arranged  that  they 
should  be  redelivered  to  the  Queen's  West- 


364 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.          [io*  s.  i.  MAY  7,  loo*. 


•minsters,  that  corps  being  rightly  considere 
as  the  successors,  after  an  interval  of  som 
forty-five  years,  of  the  old  Volunteer  Infantrj 
It  is  noteworthy  that  at  the  time  of  the  findin 
•of  the  old  colours  the  honorary  colonel  of  th 
•Queen's  Westminster  Volunteer   Corps  wa 
the    late    Duke  of    Westminster,   who    wa 
originally  the  colonel  commandant  of    th 
regiment,  as  his  ancestor  had  been  the  firs 
colonel  commandant  of  the  old  corps.    Th 
colours  had   been  renovated,   repaired,   an< 
relined,  as  they  were  in  a  very  dilapidatec 
condition,  and  all  being  ready,  it  was  decidec 
that  they   should  once  more  be  placed  ir 
St.  Margaret's  Church,  in  the  keeping  of  th( 
rector  and  churchwardens  for  the  time  being 
This  was  carried  out  on  the  afternoon  o 
'Sunday,  27  March,  1887,  when,  at  3  15  P.M.,  th 
regiment,  to  the  number  of  562  of  all  ranks 
assembled  at  the  new  Drill  Hall,  in  Jame. 
"Street  (now  Buckingham  Gate),  not  far  from 
St.  James's  Park  Railway  Station,  among  tin 
officers  present  being  Colonel  Commandan 
(now  Sir)  C.  E.  Howard  Vincent,  C.B.,  M.P. 
•Col.  Lynch,  and  Lieut.-Col.  Commerford.    I 
was  noted  at  the  time  that  the  "  men  were 
remarkable  for  the  fine  physique,  steadiness 
and  the  creditable  manner  in   which   they 
turned  out."    After  the  companies  had  been 
inspected  and  proved,  the  regiment  marchec 
off,  headed  by  their  excellent  band  and  the 
newly    formed    bugle    band,    which    playec 
alternately.  Immediately  followed  the  colours, 
with  an  armed  escort  of  forty  men,  selected 
half  from  the  St.  Margaret's  and  half  from 
the   St.  John's    companies,   which    in    1798 
furnished  the   bulk  of  the  regiment.     The 
officer  commanding   the   colour   escort  was 
Capt.  De  Castro,  the  colours  being  carried 
•by  Lieuts.  Rose  and  Dalton.     The  occasion 
was    thought    much    of     in     Westminster, 
there    being    a    large   concourse    of  people 
assembled  in  the  streets   to   see    the  regi- 
ment   pass,    and    when    the    church     was 
reached  it  was  found  that  every  seat  not 
.required  by   the  Volunteers  was    occupied, 
even  standing-room  being  utilized   to  the 
-full.     The  colours  escort  formed  up  on  each 
side    of     the     nave,    where    it    remained 
throughput   the   service,   the   band    playing 
the    regiment    in    to  the  strains  of   a  slow 
•march  called  'Flowers  of    Beauty.'    Among 
those  present   were   the  Speaker  (who    sat 
in  a  state  chair  in  the  chancel,   which  had 
-not   been  so    occupied  by   any  of  his  pre- 
decessors for  a  period  of  130  years),  the  Duke 
of  Bedford,  Baroness  Burdett-Coutts  and  Mr 
Burdett-Coutts,  M.P.,  Mr.  Talbot,  M.P.,  Col. 
Stracey,  and  two  former  commandants  of  the 
regiment,  Cols.  Bushby  and  Scrivener.    The 


churchwardens  of  St.  John's,  Messrs.  Holman- 
Bishop  and  Holder,  were  also  present.    The 
Dean  of  Westminster  (Dr.  Bradley)  and  Arch- 
deacon Farrar,  rector  of  the  parish,  conducted 
the  service,  assisted  by  the  Revs.  R.  Ashingtou 
Bullen  and  F.  G.  L.  Lucas.    The  office  of 
evensong  was  somewhat   shortened,  and  on 
its  conclusion  the  Dean,  the  Archdeacon,  and 
the  rest  of  the  clergy  and  the  choir,  pro- 
ceeded down  the  nave  to  the  west  end,  then 
returned  with  the  bearers  of  the  silver  staves 
of  the  parish  in  front,  immediately  followed 
by  the  churchwardens,  Messrs.  H.  A.  Hunt 
and  Charles  Wright,  behind  whom  were  Cols. 
C.  E.  Howard  Vincent  and  Lynch.     Next 
followed  the  colours,  with  Capt.  Probyn,  the 
adjutant,  between,  the  rear  of  this  little  pro- 
cession being  brought  up  by  an  escort   of 
four  colour-sergeants,  with   fixed  bayonets. 
As  the  procession  marched  the  choir  sang 
"Onward,  Christian  soldiers."    The   colours 
halted  at  the  chancel  steps,  when  the  two 
colonels  took  each  a  colour  from  its  bearer, 
and  handed  them  over  to  the  churchwardens, 
Col.    Howard    Vincent    saying,  in    a    voice 
distinctly  audible  all  over  the  church,  that 
he  handed  them  over  to  the  rector  "to  be 
kept  in  the  church  for  ever."    The  colours 
were  then  carried  to  the  Archdeaconry  the 
churchwardens,  who  placed  them  against  the 
screen  by  the  Communion  table.    While  this 
part  of   the  ceremony  was  taking  place,  a 
verse  of  the  National  Anthem  was  sung  by 
the    choir,    the    congregation     joining    in. 
Handel's  "  The  Lord  is  a  Man  of  War  "  was 
5nely  rendered  by  Messrs.  F.  Pownall  and 
Devonshire,   and    then    Archdeacon   Farrar 
delivered      an    appropriate    and     eloquent 
sermon,  taking  for  his  text  the  words  from 
Exodus  xvii.  15,  "And  Moses  built  an  altar, 
and  called  the  name  of  it  Jehovah-nissi " — the 
Lord  my  banner.    At  the  conclusion  of  this 
nemorable  service  the  regiment  filed  out  of 
church  and  marched  back  to  the  Drill 
ilall,   the    crowd    being    even    larger    than 
)efore. 

Within  the  next  few  weeks  the  colours 
were  placed  in  various  positions,  to  see  what 
;he  effect  would  be,  and  finally  they  were 
arranged  one  on  each  side  of  the  great  east 
window  against  the  wall.  A  small  brass 
ablet  was,  at  the  expense  of  the  Queen's 
iVestminster  Volunteers  and  with  the  con- 
urrence  of  the  rector,  affixed  at  the  foot  of 
he  third  pillar  from  the  Communion  table 
n  the  south  side  of  the  chancel,  bearing  the 
ollowing  inscription  : — 

The    ancient    Colours  |  of  |  the    Queen's  |  West- 
ninster  Volunteers,  |  presented  by  George  III.  in 
|  on  the  threatened  invasion  of  |  England  by 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


365 


Xapoleon  I.,  |  were  on  this  day  solemnly  received  | 
on  behalf  of  the  Parish  |  from  |  Colonel  Commandant 
|  C.  E.  |  Howard  Vincent,  C.B.,  M.P.,  j  and  |  the 
Officers,  N.C.O.,  and  |  Citizens  now  serving  to  the 
number  of  One  Thousand  |  and  Placed  in  the 
Chancel  |  of  8.  Margaret's  Church  |  as  |  a  monument 
of  |  National  Patriotism  |  for  |  the  Emulation  of 
Posterity.  |  Frederic  W.  Farrar,  D.D.,  |  Archdeacon 
and  Rector.  |  Henry  Hunt,  Chas.  Wright,  Church- 
wardens. 

Sunday  March  27th,  |  in  the  Jubilee  Year  |  of 
Queen  Victoria's  Reign  |  A.D.  1887- 

As  they  were  placed,  so  they  remained 
during  the  time  that  Archdeacon  Farrar  con- 
tinued rector  ;  but  upon  his  preferment  to 
the  Deanery  of  Canterbury,  and  the  appoint- 
ment of  the  Rev.  Robert  Eyton,  Rector  of 
Holy  Trinity,  Upper  Chelsea,  and  Prebendary 
of  St.  Paul's  (who  was  inducted  into  the 
rectory  in  July,  1895),  they  were  removed  to 
the  west  end  of  the  church,  the  reason  given 
for  this  proceeding  being  that  "they  disturbed 
the  symmetry  of  the  east  window,  and  did 
not  harmonize  with  the  colour  of  its  stained 
glass,"  both  of  which  statements  were  dis- 
tinctly true.  The  new  rector  was,  however, 
unacquainted  with  their  previous  history, 
and  thought  that,  as  no  faculty  had  been 
obtained  for  placing  them  in  the  chancel,  it 
was  in  order  for  the  rector  and  churchwardens 
for  the  time  being  to  place  them  in  any  other 
part  of  the  church.  In  March,  1896,  Col.  Sir 
Howard  Vincent  became  aware  of  the 
removal  of  the  colours,  and  as  colonel  of 
the  regiment,  and  the  officer  with  whom  the 
engagement  as  to  the  placing  of  the  colours 
in  the  chancel  had  been  made  by  the  late 
rector  and  churchwardens  in  1887,  and  as 
a  member  of  the  House  of  Commons,  of 
which  the  church  is  the  officially  recognized 
place  of  worship,  wrote  a  letter,  dated 
13  March,  1896,  to  Canon  Eyton,  stating  his 
objections  to  the  removal  of  the  colours,  and 
asking  him,  on  reconsideration,  to  restore 
them  to  their  former  position.  This  request 
met  with  a  decided  refusal  from  the  rector, 
whereupon  a  petition  was  filed  in  the 
Consistory  Court  of  London  by  Sir  Howard 
Vincent,  he  being  joined  in  the  matter  by 
Mr.  Tomlinson,  M.P.,  a  parishioner,  (1)  pray- 
ing that  Canon  Eyton  should  be  ordered  to 
replace  the  colours  in  their  original  position 
against  the  east  wall  of  the  church  ;  and  (2) 
asking  that  a  faculty  confirmatory  of  the 
erection  of  the  brass  tablet  in  the  chancel, 
and  of  the  affixing  of  the  colours  to  the 
chancel  wall  in  that  position,  should  issue. 
Canon  Eyton  opposed  in  person  the  applica- 
tion, on  the  ground  that  the  flags  in  1814  had 
become  the  property  of  the  rector  and  church- 
wardens and  their  successors,  and  subject  to 
their  control  as  to  the  position  they  occupied 


in  the  church,  and  that  they  could  not  be 
treated  as  a  fresh  gift  from  the  regiment  by 
their  re-presentation  in  1887.  He  therefore 
asked  that  the  faculty,  if  issued,  should  pro- 
vide that  the  position  of  the  flags  in  the 
church  should  be  under  the  control  of  the 
rector  and  churchwardens  for  the  time  being. 
Many  witnesses  were  called  and  examined,, 
and  ultimately  a  very  learned  judgment  was 
given  by  Dr.  Tristram,  the  Chancellor  of 
London,  on  23  July,  1896,  in  favour  of  the 
regiment,  extracts  from  which  are  given  here,, 
the  judgment  being  fully  reported  in  the 
Times  of  the  following  day. 

The  colours  now  hang  on  either  side  of  the- 
reredos  in  the  church,  at  a  lower  level  and 
better  angle  than  their  original  position,  and 
have  a  much  better  effect,  not  interfering, 
with  the  beautiful  east  window,  which  has- 
been  truly  said  to  be  the  "pride  of  the  parish 
and  gloiy  of  the  church,"  and  it  is  pretty 
safe  to  assert  that  they  are  not  likely  to  be 
moved  from  the  place  they  now  occupy. 

It  may,  perhaps,  be  allowable  to  add  that 
Col.  Sir  C.  E.  Howard  Vincent,  M.P.,  has 
lately  retired  from  the  command  of  the  regi- 
ment, being  succeeded  by  Col.  Trollope. 

W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 


JENNY  GREENTEETH.— In  your  review  of 
Mr.  Crof ton's  '  Old  Moss  Side '  (ante,  p.  319> 
reference  is  made  to  Mr.  Crofton's  description 
of  a  water-hag  called  "Jenny  Greenteeth." 
It  may  be  interesting  to  learn  that  at  this 
day  in  all  East  Lancashire  the  older  inha- 
bitants call  the  green  moss  which  covers  the 
surface  of  stagnant  ponds  "Jenny  Green- 
teeth."  Further,  I  have  often  been  told  by 
my  mother  and  nurse  that  if  I  did  not  keep 
my  teeth  clean  I  should  some  day  be  dragged 
into  one  of  these  ponds  by  Jenny  Greenteeth, 
and  I  have  met  many  elderly  people  who 
have  had  the  same  threat  applied  to  them. 
HENRY  BRIERLEY. 

Wigan. 

THE  CHESHIRE  CAT  IN  AMERICA.— In  the 
'Dictionary  of  Americanisms '  of  John  R. 
Bartlett  (1877  ;  not  in  the  first  edition,  1848) 
we  find  the  phrase  "to  grin  like  a  chessy 
cat."  A  writer  in  Dialect  Notes  (vol.  i.  p.  378) 
of  the  American  Dialect  Society,  when  giving 
the  phrase  in  a  word -list,  remarks:  "In. 
Bartlett,  but  no  locality  given.  Certainly 
not  widely  known." 

Before  ever  reading  this  notice,  I  heard 
the  expression  "  Jessy  cat  "  used  by  a  Phila- 
delphia woman,  with  the  usual  State-school 
education,  and  was  informed  by  other 
members  of  her  family  that  both  forms, 


366 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io*  s.  i.  MAY  7,  wot 


•"jessy"  and  "chessy,"  were  usual,  but  the 
Litter  predominant.  As  Bartlett  was  a  New 
Englander,  and  the  speaker  mentioned  a  born 
Pennsylvanian,  the  statement  in  Dialect 
Notes  needs  correction. 

Americans  who  have  not  read  English 
books  are  generally  ignorant  of  your  county 
names.  ALBERT  J.  EDMUNDS. 

Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

NELSON  AT  BATH.-— A  tablet  has  been  placed 
by  the  Corporation  on  the  house  No.  2, 
Pierrepont  Street,  Bath,  in  which  Nelson 
lived  from  the  autumn  of  1780  to  August  of 
the  following  year.  Broken  down  in  health 
after  the  Fort  St.  Juan  expedition,  he  came 
to  Bath  for  the  waters,  with  the  result  that 
his  complete  recovery  followed.  No  place  of 
its  size  in  England  has  so  many  houses  still 
standing  which  have  been  associated  with 
celebrated  people  as  Bath  has,  and  the 
number  of  them  marked  with  tablets  adds 
much  to  the  interest  of  that  charming  city . 
FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

THOMAS  RANKIN.— A  question  was  asked 
at  5th  S.  iii.  67  about  Thomas  Rankin,  and  it 
may  therefore  be  well  to  record  that  there  is 
a  notice  of  him  in  the  'D.N.B.'  (vol.  xlvii. 
p.  290).  In  addition  to  the  references  there 
given,  see  Jackson's  'Life  of  Charles  Wesley' 
(ii.  412);  Tyerman's  'Life  of  Whitefield ' 
(ii.  393);  the  same  author's  '  Life  of  Fletcher' 
(pp.  3,  447,  464) ;  Southey's  'Life  of  Wesley  ' 
(Bohn's  ed.  p.  505) ;  Stoughton's  '  Religion  in 
England  '  (vi.  278) ;  Sidney's  'Life  of  Walker, 
of  Truro'  (2nd  ed.  p.  260);  and  a  full  bio- 
graphy in  Jackson's  'Early  Methodist 
Preachers.'  His  portrait  appeared  in  the 
Arminian  (not  "Armenian,"  as  printed  in 
the  note  in  the  '  D.N.B.')  Magazine  of  1779, 
and  another  portrait  was  published  in  1794 
(see  Stevenson's  '  City  Road  Chapel,'  p.  401). 

FRANCIS  M.  JACKSON. 
-kJowdon. 

SIR  WILLIAM  CATESBY.— When  visiting  the 
church  of  Ashby  St.  Ledgers,  in  this  county, 
the  other  day,  in  order  to  take  rubbings  of 
brasses  there,  I  noticed  a  curious  coincidence 
with  respect  to  the  brass  of  Sir  William 
Catesby,  friend  of  Richard  III.  Sir  William 
was  taken  prisoner  at  the  battle  of  Bosworth 
Field,  and  executed  three  days  afterwards 
According  to  directions  contained  in  his  will, 
his  body  was  brought  for  interment  to 
Ashby.  He  is  buried  in  the  chancel,  and 
over  his  tomb  is  a  magnificent  brass  repre 
senting  life-size  effigies  of  himself  and  his 
lady.  These  are  intact  and  in  good  preserva- 
tion, except  that  across  the  neck  of  Sir 


William's  effigy  is  an  ugly  crack  which  almost 
severs  the  head  from  the  body.  Considering 
:he  fact  that  Sir  William  lost  his  head,  it  will 
oe  certainly  somewhat  strange  if  the  same 
tate  is  in  reserve  for  his  effigy. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 
West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

"HASPED."— This  word  has,  no  doubt,  its 
direct  physical  meaning  of  "  enclosed  with  a 
hasp,"  as  thus  used  in  Garth's  '  Dispensary  ' : 

Haspt  in  a  tombril,  awkward  have  you  shined. 
The  metaphorical  signification  is  suggested  by 
the  service  the  word  renders  the  Quaker  who 
rebukes  the  soldier  when,  with  others,  they 
are  travelling  by  coach,  as  described  in  the 
Spectator,  No.  132.  "To  speak  indiscreetly," 
he  says,  "  what  we  are  obliged  to  hear,  by 
being  hasped  up  with  thee  in  this  public 
vehicle,  is  in  some  degree  assaulting  on  the 
high  road."  In  conversation  with  myself  a 
Scottish  workman  recently  used  the  word  in 
the  purely  figurative  sense.  He  had  promised 
to  carry  out  a  contract  within  a  given  time, 
and  was  several  days  late  in  making  his 
appearance.  His  explanation  of  the  delay 
was  that  a  sudden  crush  of  unexpected 
business  had  disturbed  his  plans.  "  I  was 
fair  hespit,"  he  observed,  "and  couldna  come 
a  moment  sooner."  It  is  needless  to  say  that 
the  apology  was  deemed  amply  sufficient. 

THOMAS  BAYNE. 

CASTING  LOTS. — Few  dictionaries,  when 
treating  of  "casting  lots,"  allude  at  any 
length  to  the  military  custom  which  was 
common,  both  on  the  Continent  and  in  this 
country,  in  the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth 
centuries. 

Among  Callot's  illustrations  in  the  '  Miseres 
de  la  Guerre,'  1633,  is  one  which  shows  some 
soldiers  dicing  under  a  tree  (the  gallows). 
At  the  surrender  of  Winchester,  in  1645, 
some  captives  complained  of  having  been 
plundered,  whereupon  Cromwell  had  six 
of  his  soldiers  tried.  All  were  found 
guilty,  and  one  of  them,  by  lot,  was  hanged 
(Cromwell's  'Letters  and  Speeches,'  second 
edition,  vol.  i.  p.  252  ;  Firth's  '  Cromwell's 
Army,'  p.  295).  In  Tangiers  in  1663  two 
privates,  sentenced  to  suffer  death  by  being 
shot,  were  ordered  to  throw  dice  on  a  drum- 
head, "he  who  throws  the  least,  to  suffer." 
In  the  same  garrison  in  1665  tsvo  privates, 
for  theft  from  a  comrade,  were  sentenced  to 
be  hanged : — 

"You  are  to  see  Thomas  Shaw  and  Peter  Craggs 
within  mentioned  throw  dice  upon  a  drum-head  in 
the  face  of  the  parade,  and  that  being  done,  to 
cause  execution  to  be  made  upon  him  of  the  two 
who  throws  least." 


s.  i.  MAY  7,  loot.]          NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


367 


At  Portsmouth  in  May,  1693,  the  sentence 
of  a  court-martial  on  three  deserters  was 
that  one  of  them  should  suffer  death  by  being 
shot :  "  All  three  shall  lot  whose  chance  it 
shall  be  to  die."  In  August,  1693,  a  few 
weeks  after  the  battle  of  Neerwinden,  thirty 
English  linesmen  and  six  Guardsmen  were 
returned  from  Holland  by  the  authorities, 
and,  tried  for  desertion,  were  condemned  to 
death.  The  number  to  suffer  was  commuted 
to  six  linesmen  and  three  Guardsmen,  and 
the  whole  number  of  prisoners  cast  dice  to 
settle  upon  whom  the  lot  of  death  should 
fall. 

The  selection  of  officers  to  command  troops 
on  trying  occasions  was  sometimes  made  by 
"casting  lots."  The  brave  and  pious  Col. 
Blackader,  of  the  Cameronian  Regiment,  thus 
writes  of  the  siege  of  Douay,  under  date 
20  May,  1710  :— 

"  We  marched  straight  into  the  trenches.  I  was 
detached  upon  command  into  the  sap,  to  command 
the  grenadiers  and  those  who  were  to  fire  all  night. 
I  was  surprised  at  this,  because  I  was  not  near 
command  ;  but  it  was  the  pure  decision  of  Provi- 
dence, being  done  by  lot ;  so  I  went  cheerfully, 
being  assured  that  it  was  not  blind  chance,  but  God 
who  sent  me  there." 

w.  s. 

TOWER  BRIDGE  ANTICIPATED. — That  foolish 
libel  on  architectural  art,  the  most  unfortu- 
nate of  all  the  inartistic  bridges  on  the 
Thames,  the  Tower  Bridge,  a  structure  which 
puts  the  Tower  itself  to  shame,  seems  to 
have  been  anticipated  just  about  a  century 
ago  in  its  functions,  if  not  in  its  falseness. 
I  find  in  the  Catalogue  of  the  Royal  Academy 
Exhibition  for  1802  the  following  descrip- 
tion of  a  drawing  which  was  then  on  view  at 
Somerset  House  : — 

"6.  View  of  London,  and  some  improvements  of 
its  Port,  submitted  to  the  Select  Committee  of  the 
Honourable  House  of  Commons,  by  Mr.  Dance, 
•exhibiting  the  proposed  Double  Bridge  intended  for 
the  passage  of  Ships  by  the  alternate  elevation  of 
a  draw-bridge  in  either  of  the  two  bridges,  whilst 
an  uninterrupted  way  over  the  other  is  afforded  at 
all  times  for  carriages  and  foot-passengers,  without 
impeding  the  navigation,  and  without  the  neces- 
sity of  such  elevated  arches  as  the  height  of  ships' 
masts  require  ;  also  the  proposed  Embankment  and 
enlargement  of  the  Legal  Quays,  and  the  new  j 
Custom-House  in  the  centre  of  a  line  of  Ware- 
houses extending  to  the  Tower,  to  and  from  which 
goods  may  be  conveyed  by  carts  on  the  level  of  the 
area  round  the  Monument,  without  encumbering 
the  Quays.  The  Monument,  that  noble  column, 
erected  by  the  immortal  Sir  Christopher  Wren, 
is  seen  in  the  focus  of  an  extensive  amphi- 
theatrical  area  on  the  north  side  of  the  Thames, 
and  the  proposed  Naval  Trophy  is  placed  in  the 
centre  of  a  semicircular  range  of  buildings  on  the 
south  side  of  the  river. — W.  DANIELL." 

The  artistof  the  drawing  thus  described  was 


a  distinguished  architect  and  draughtsman, 
whose  'Views  of  London,'  1812,  possess  great 
interest  for  topographers,  to  say  nothing  of 
his  architectural  aquatints  from  monuments 
of  all  kinds  in  India,  as  well  as  his  drawings 
in  colours.  Born  in  1769,  he  became  a  student 
in  the  Royal  Academy  in  1799,  an  A.R.A.  in 
1807,  and  a  R.A.  in  1822.  He  died  in  1837. 
The  "Mr.  Dance"  whose  design  W.  Daniell 
drew  for  the  exhibition  was,  of  course, 
George  of  that  name,  son  of  another  George 
who  built  the  Mansion  House  in  1739.  The 
second  G.  Dance  was  the  famous  R.A.,  City 
Architect,  designer  of  the  now  destroyed 
Newgate  Prison,  and  brother  of  Nathaniel 
Dance,  who  took  the  name  of  Holland, 
became  a  R.A.,  a  baronet  and  M.P.,  and  died 
in  1811.  O. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

'  ANCIENT  ORDERS  OF  GRAY'S  INN.'  — 
Referring  to  the  earlier  records  of  Graj7's  Inn, 
Mr.  Douthwaite,  in  his  book  on  the  Inn,  at 
p.  24,  after  stating  that  a  manuscript  order- 
book,  not  now  to  be  found,  existed  in  Dug- 
dale's  time  and  was  largely  quoted  by  him, 
says  :  — 

"By  the  'Catalogi  Librorum  Manuscriptorum 
Angliae  et  Hibernise,  published  in  1697,  it  appears 
that  Francis  Bernard,  M.D.,  had  amongst  his  col- 
lection of-  manuscripts  a  folio  volume  entitled 
'  Ancient  Orders  of  Gray's  Inn...'  This  afterwards 
belonged  to  Charles  Bernard,  Esq.,  Serjeant-Surgeon 
to  Queen  Anne,  and  was  sold  at  the  sale  of  his 
library,  March,  1710." 

Could  any  of  your  readers  kindly  inform  me 
who  was  the  purchaser,  or  furnish  me  with 
any  particulars  respecting  the  subsequent 
history  of  the  manuscript  1 

JAMES  MULLIGAN,  Master  of  the  Library. 

COMMEMORATIVE  TABLETS.—  The  East  Herts 
Archaeological  Society  propose  from  time  to 
time  to  affix  small  commemorative  tablets 
to  houses  in  the  county  which  have  been 
the  residences  of  notable  persons.  As  hon. 
secretary  I  should  be  very  grateful  for  any 
information  as  to  the  size  and  material  for 
these  memorials,  also  the  probable  cost,  and 
whether  any  firm  of  masons  especially  under- 
take this  class  of  work.  W.  B.  GERISH. 

Bishop's  Stortford. 

JOHN  MOTTLEY,  DRAMATIST.—  I  shall  be 
greatly  obliged  if  any  one  will  give  me 
information  regarding  John  Mottley,  author 


368 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES.          [io<»  s.  i.  MAY  7, 190*. 


and  dramatist  (born  1692,  died  1750),  son  o 
Col.  Thomas  Mottley,  killed  at  the   battl< 
of  Turin   in    1706,    while  in   the  service  o 
Louis  XIV.      John  Mottley  was  educated  a 
Archbishop  Tenison's  Grammar  School,  St 
Martin's-in-the-Fields.    Was  he  married  ?  hac 
he  children  or  brothers  ?      Any  information 
regarding    him    beyond    that    given  in   the 
'  Dictionary  of  National  Biography  '  will  be 
most  acceptable.       WALTER  HOWARD,  Col. 
Ellerslie,  Waterden  Road,  Guildford. 

DRYDEN  PORTRAITS.—  I  should  be  glad  to 
know  particulars  of  any  original  portraits  oi 
the  poet  ;  also  the  present  whereabouts  oi 
the  following  pictures  mentioned  by  a  bio- 
grapher under  date  1800  :— 

Portrait  by  Kiley  in  the  possession  ol 
William  Davenport  Bromley,  of  Baginton 
Hall. 

Portrait,  formerly  belonging  to  Addison, 
the  property  of  the  Hon.  John  Simpson, 
second  son  of  Lord  Bradford,  in  1797. 

Portrait  by  Maubert,  owned  by  Horace, 
Earl  of  Orford,  or  duplicate  owned  by  C. 
Bedford,  of  Brixton  Causeway. 

Portrait  (head),  formerly  in  possession  of 
Rev.  -  Bilston,  chaplain  of  All  Souls' 
College,  Oxon. 

Portrait  in  pencil  in  the  possession  of  the 
Rev.  John  Dry  den  Piggot,  of  Edgmond,  near 
Shrewsbury.  P.  C.  D.  M. 

LORD  GOWRAN,  VIVENS  1720.—  Who  was 
this  nobleman  ?  I  shall  be  glad  to  have  his 
names  and  those  of  his  wife,  if  married,  and 
dates  of  their  death,  and  when  the  peerage 
became  extinct.  There  was  an  earldom 
of  Gowran,  created,  1676,  in  favour  of  John 
Butler,  fourth  son  of  the  first  Duke  of 
Ormonde,  but  it  became  extinct  the  year 
af£er.  CHARLES  S.  KING,  Bt. 

ot.  Leonards-on-Sea. 

[Richard  Fitzpatrick  was  created  Baron  Gowran, 
of  Gowran  cp.  Kilkenny,  in  the  peerage  of  Ireland, 
of  SfrJZrk  ¥?  mar"ed  Anne,  younger  daughter 
or  bir  John  Robinson,  Bt.,  of  Farming  Woods,  co. 
Northampton  The  title  became  extinct  in  1818 

ee  ±Jurkes  'Extinct  Peerages,'  s.v.  Fitz-  Patrick.] 

_MIRFIELD  BOOK  SOCIETY.  —  Can  any  one 
give  me  information  concerning  the  above 
society,  which  was  in  existence  about  1830 
or  a  reference  thereto  in  any  Yorkshire  book  ? 

A.  H.  ARKLE. 


-OF.THE    SEA.-ID   the  Times  of 
March  it  is  stated,    "Endeavours   were 
made  yesterday  to  lift  the  sunken  submarine 
enof  Wlre  hawsers,  but  owing  to  the 

he  S6u  -in,  fc-he  exposed  P™tion  ** 
wreck  is  lying,  the  haws  ers  parted." 


Is  send  in  the  sense  of  current  a  usual  ex- 
pression among  seamen  1     E.  S.  DODGSON. 

[Used  by  Longfellow  in  'Miles  Standish.'  See 
'  Encyclopaedic  Diet.'  and  Annandale's  '  Imperial.'] 

EPITAPH  ON  LIEUTENANT  OF  MARINES. — 
Where  can  the  following  epitaph  be  seen  I — 
Here  lies  retired  from  busy  scenes 
A  first  lieutenant  of  Marines, 
Who  lately  lived  in  gay  content 
On  board  the  brave  ship  Diligent : 
Now  stripp'd  of  all  his  warlike  show, 
And  laid  in  box  of  elm  below, 
Confined  in  earth  in  narrow  borders, 
He  rises  not  till  further  orders. 

A.  E.  C. 

LADY  CHANTREY.— Can  any  reader  inform 
me  where  the  widow  of  the  famous  sculptor 
Sir  Francis  Chantrey  is  buried  ?  She  died 
3  January,  1875.  W.  P.  GOLDEN. 

Renishaw,  Chesterfield. 

BROME  OP  BISHOP'S  STORTFORD. — Who  are 
the  present  representatives  of  the  above 
family  ?  They  seem  to  have  possessed  valuable 
MSS.,  &c.,  relating  to  their  ancestors  the 
Dennys.  (Rev.)  H.  L.  L.  DENNY. 

Londonderry. 

EDWARD  WILLIAMS,  DROWNED  1821.— Was 
he  a  descendant  of  Morgan  Williams,  Oliver 
Cromwell's  ancestor  1  What  General  Baird 
was  related  to  him  ?  A.  C.  H. 

"SAL  ET  SALIVA."— Nearly  all  the  guide- 
books state  that  these  words  form  the  in- 
scription on  the  fine  early  Perpendicular  font 
in  St.  Margaret's  Church  at  Ipswich.  Can 
any  explanation  be  given  of  this  curious 
ollocation?  JAMES  HOOPER. 

ST.  BEES'  HEAD,  CUMBERLAND.— There  is  a 

part  of  this  headland   known  locally    (and 

believe    marked    in    modern     maps)    as 

Tomline."  I  remember  being  told  some 
ive-and- thirty  years  ago,  by  a  friend  (long 
since  dead)  who  had  been  a  student  at  the 
Allege,  that  this  name  arose  out  of  a  joke. 
Dne  of  the  books  then  used  in  the  College  was 
Bishop  Tomline's  'Elements  of  Christian 
Theology,'  and  some  witty  student  pro- 
pounded the  question,  "  Why  was  this  place 
ike  Tomline?  "  the  answer  being  "  Because  it 
s  hard  to  get  up." 

Some  years  ago,  when  a  student  was 
mfortunately  killed  in  climbing  this  place, 

noticed  that  the  witnesses  at  the  inquest 
ailed  it  "Tomline," and  I  have  several  times 
asked  persons  living  in  the  neighbourhood  if 
hey  knew  the  origin  of  the  name;  but  the 
tory  told  me  does  not  seem  to  be  now  known 
here.  I  shall  be  glad  if  any  "  Hivite  "  now 
iving  can  confirm  it,  as,  if  true,  it  is  a  curious 


10th  S.  I.  MAY  7,  1901.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


369 


instance  of  how  names  which  puzzle  etymo- 
logists are  sometimes  acquired. 

H.  G.  P. 
Barrow-in-Furness. 

ROMAN  TENEMENT  HOUSES. — An  American 
writer  has  stated,  "  We  have  reason  to  believe 
that  the  great  majority  of  the  people  in  the 
city  of  Rome  lived  in  immense  tenement 
houses,  six  stories  high,  or  even  more,  and 
divided  into  rooms."  Is  there  any  foundation 
for  the  above  1  Upon  what  authority  is  the 
statement  made  ?  S.  P.  Q.  R. 

BRAZEN  BIJOU. — Amongst  a  number  of 
kitchen  utensils  metioned  as  being  in  use 
about  1830  occurs  "  one  Bijou  of  brass,"  with 
the  value  "  about  two  shillings  "  set  against  it. 
I  have  never  come  across  this  article  in  any 
list  of  such  kitchen  furniture  before,  with  the 
exception  of  the  allusion  to  it  in  Dickens's 
*  Great  Expectations  '  (chap,  xxv.),  "  A  brazen 
bijou  over  the  fireplace,  designed  for  the 
suspension  of  a  roasting  jack."  The  word 
probably  went  out  with  the  last-mentioned 
article.  Can  any  one  tell  me  its  derivation, 
and  also  its  proper  designation  to-day,  sup- 
posing such  still  to  be  in  use  in  kitchens  ? 
FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

"  GRINGO  "  =  FOREIGNER  :  "  GRIENGRO."  — 
"Gringo"  is  used  by  natives  of  the  River 
Plate  to  designate  all  foreigners  (see  9th  S.  vii 
389,  496  ;  viii.  21,  130,  210)  except  Spaniards 
Spanish-Americans,  and  Portuguese.  It  is 
applied  especially  to  Italians.  The  meaning 
given  in  a  large  Spanish  dictionary  is 
"unintelligible,"  and  the  word  is  stated  to 
be  "  Gitanesco,"  gipsy.  The  word  gnengro^  a 
horse-dealer,  occurs  several  times  in  'Aylwin,' 
referring  to  gipsies.  Is  it  possible  that  these 
two  words  are  identical?  The  equivalent 
griego,  given  by  '  La  Academia,'  does  not 
seem  right.  W.  L.  POOLE. 

Montevideo. 

CHAIR  OF  ST.  AUGUSTINE.— In  a  report  in  a 
London  paper  of  the  recent  dedication  of  the 
new  west  front  of  Hereford  Cathedral  is  the 
following  : — 

"  Speaking  at  a  subsequent  reception,  the  Bishop 
of  Hereford  expressed  the  hope  that  the  Arch- 
bishop would  help  to  restore  the  Chair  of  St. 
Augustine  from  Canterbury  to  Hereford." 

What  did  the  Bishop  allude  to  by  this  ? 
Was  the  seat  St.  Augustine  sat  in  removed 
afterwards  to  Hereford  from  the  conference 
in  Worcestershire  1  ALFRED  HALL. 

NUMBER  SUPERSTITION.— My  wife  asked  a 
little  Jewish  girl  how  many  children  there 
were  in  her  class  at  school.  The  answer  was 


"  Nicht  zwanzig."  Eventually  it  appeared 
that  the  number  was  exactly  twenty,  but  that 
to  name  the  exact  number  of  a  party  is 
unlucky,  and  involves  the  death  of  one  of 
them  during  the  year.  Can  any  reader 
explain  this  ?  FRED.  G.  ACKERLEY. 

Care  of  British  Vice-Consulate,  Libau,  Russia. 


ENGRAVINGS. 
(10th  S.  i.  309,  336.) 

I  ADVISE  MRS.  HULTON  to  apply  to  Mr. 
Daniel,  Mortimer  Street,  Cavendish  Square, 
or  any  similar  dealer  in  old  prints  and  books, 
for  the  remaining  prints  of  the  series  to 
which  her  note  refers. 

The  line  "publisht  according  to  Act   of 
Parliament,"  which  is  a  portion  of  the  so- 
called    publication    line,     means    that    the 
engravings    upon    which    it    appears    were 
issued  according  to  the  rules  and  conditions 
prescribed  by  what  is  known  as  Hogarth's 
Act,  a  measure  intended  to  secure  to  thps  e 
who  complied   with   them  some  protectio  n 
against  the  pirates    who— after,   and    eve  n 
before,  the  appearance  of  engravings— did  no  t 
hesitate  to  issue  fraudulent  copies  of  prints 
or  pictures  upon  which  artists  had  expended 
their    best    powers    and    (where    the    two 
functions  were  not  performed  by  one  person) 
publishers  their  capital. 

The  Act  in  question  bears  Hogarth's  name 
because,  owing  to  the  great  popularity  of 
some  of  his    earlier    prints,    especially    'A 
Harlot's    Progress'    in    1734,    unscrupulous 
persons    had    put    forth    copies    of    them, 
manifestly  to  his    injury    and,    the    copies 
being  invariably  bad,  the  degradation  of  his 
art.     Before  this  enactment  came  into  force 
there    was,    in    this    country    at   least,    no 
protection  whatever  for  painters  and  pub- 
lishers.    On    the    Continent    it    was    very 
different ;  in  fact,  centuries  before  Hogarth's 
time  the  Signory  of  Venice  had  defended 
Albert  Diirer  against  their  piratical  country- 
men, who,  nevertheless,  were  not  invariably 
bad  engravers.    After  a  great  deal  of  trouble 
Hogarth,  and  others   who  were  interested, 
procured  the  passing  of  the  Act  which  bears 
his  name.     In  consequence  the  publication 
lines  of  the  prints  of  'A  Rake's  Progress,' 
eight  in  all,  are  "Invented  Painted  Engrav'd 
&  Publishd  by  Wm  Hogarth  June  ye  25  1735 
According  to  Act  of  Parliament."    Probably 
this  is  the  earliest  instance  of  this  form  of 
the  publication  line  on  an  engraving.    The 
issue  of  '  A  Rake's  Progress'  was  delayed 
until  the  above   date,  which  had  been  fixed 


370 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io*  B.  L  MAY  7, 100*. 


by  the  Act  of  Parliament  referred  to,  i.e., 
8  George  II.  cap.  13.  In  the  date  "25"  of 
the  publication  line  of  No.  2158  of  the 
'  Catalogue  of  Satirical  Prints  in  the  British 
Museum '  are  distinct  traces  of  a  "  4  "  under 
the  "  5  " ;  this  may  be  accounted  for  by  sup- 
posing that  Hogarth  found  it  desirable  to 
secure  his  copyright  according  to  the  Act, 
which  gave  protection  to  works  published 
after  or  from  24  June,  1735. 

The  great  success  of  '  A  Harlot's  Progress  ' 
induced  Hogarth  to  produce  its  fellow  series. 
He  caused  advertisements  to  be  issued  which 
partly  explain  the  history  of  the  work  and 
the  mode  of  its  publication.  In  the  London 
Evening  Post,  3  June,  1735,  is  the  following : — 

"The  Nine  Prints,  from  the  Paintings  of  Mr. 
Hogarth,  one  representing  a  Fair  [i.e.,  'Southward 
Fair,'  which  is  No.  1960  in  the  National  Collection], 
and  the  others  a  Rake's  Progress,  are  now  printing 
off,    and   will    be   ready    to   be   delivered  on  the 
25th  instant.    Subscriptions  will  be  taken  at  Mr. 
Hogarth's,  the  Golden  Head,  in  Leicester  Fields, 
till  the  23  of  June,  and  no  longer,  at  half  a  guinea 
to  be  paid  on  subscribing  [the  etching  called  'The 
Laughing  Audience,'  B.M.  No.  1949,  was  given  as  a 
receipt],  and  half  a  guinea  on  the  delivery  of  the 
prints  at  the  time  above  nientioned :  after  which 
the  price  will  be  two  guineas,  according  to  the 
Proposal.— N.B.  Mr.  Hogarth  was,  and  is,  obliged 
to  defer  the  publication  and  delivery  of  the  above 
said  Prints  till  the  25th  of  June,  in  order  to  secure 
his  property,  pursuant  te  an  Act  lately  passed  both 
Houses  of  Parliament,  to  secure  all  new-invented 
Prints  that  shall  be  published  after  the  24th  instant, 
from  being  copied  without  consent  of  the  proprietor, 
and  thereby  preventing  a  scandalous  and  unjust 
custom     (hitherto    practised    with    impunity)    of 
making  and  vending  base  copies  of  original  Prints, 
to  the  manifest  injury  of   the   Author,  and  the 
great  discouragement  of  the  arts  of  Painting  and 
Engraving." 

This  advertisement  was  repeated  on  14  June 
1735. 

In  the  London  Daily  Post,  27  June,  1735 
p.  1,  col.  1,  we  may  read  the  following  :— 

"Certain  Printsellers  in  London,  intending  not 
only  to  injure  Mr.  Hogarth  in  his  Property;  bu 
also  to  impose  their  base  Imitations  (of  his  Eigh 

u-  i?  ,-u  v  .Rak,e'8  Progress)  on  the  Publick 
which  they,  being  obhg'd  to  do  only  [by]  what  they 
could  carry  away  by  Memory  from  the  sight  o 
the  Paintings  [which  were,  of  course,  exhibited  a 
the  Golden  Head],  have  executed  most  wretchedh 
both  in  Design  and  Drawing,  as  will  be  very 
obvious  when  they  are  exposed ;  he,  in  order  tc 
prevent  such  scandalous  Practices,  and  that  th 
Publick  may  be  furmsh'd  with  his  real  Designs,  ha 
permitted  his  Original  Prints  to  be  closely  copiec 
and  the  said  Copies  will  be  published  in  a  few 
Days  and  sold  at  2s  6d.  each  Sett,  by  T.  Bakewell 
EP£  a""1  Mapseller,  next  Johnson's  Court  ii 

leet  btreet,  London. 

This  attempt  to  take  the  wind  out  of  th 
sails  of  the  plates  by  means  of  Bakewell  am 
his  versions  of  '  A  Rake's  Progress '  was  no 


entirely    successful ;     but     as     the    British 
Museum,  rich  beyond  comparison  as  it  is  in 
prints  after  Hogarth's  designs,  contains  only 
one  print  which,  as  a  piracy,  can  be  com- 
pared with  the  reproductions  of  '  A  Harlot's 
Progress,'  it  seems  that  it  was  not  without 
ffect  of  a  sort.    See  B.M.  print  No.  2186. 
.s  to  Bakewell's  licensed  copies,  which  were 
eversed  and  reduced  from  their  originals, 
ee  B.M.  No.  2159.      It  is  true  there  were 
lagiaries,  not  downright  copies,  of  'A  Rake's 
'regress,'  as  well  as,  strange  to  say,  copies 
rom  the  plagiaries.    See  B.M.  No.  2171,  No. 
172,   &c.,    in    the  above-named   Catalogue, 
which   gives  an   exhaustive  account   of  all 
logarth's    satirical    prints,    their    subjects, 
Elusions,   and  histories,  as  well  as  of  the 
;opies  and  piracies  of  them  which  are  in  the 
British  Museum.    See  likewise  'Hogarth  and 
.he    Pirates,'     which    was    published,    with 
llustrations,  by    Messrs.  Seeley  &  Co.,   in 
e  Portfolio.  F.  G.  S. 

The  works  of  Samuel  and  Nathaniel  Buck 
are  recorded  in  Lowndes's  '  Bibliographer's 
VTanual '  and  elsewhere.  The  plates  issued  by 
;he  Bucks  were  probably  faithful  representa- 
ions,  and  prove  of  special  value  in  showing 
;he  extent  of  the  destruction  which  has 
'alien  to  the  lot  of  our  castle  ruins  since  the 
middle  of  the  eighteenth  century.  Plates 
are  to  be  picked  up  at  prices  ranging  from 
tialf-a-crown  upwards,  the  large  folding 
views  of  towns  being  priced  more  highly. 
The  best  show  of  the  fine  castle  plates  is  (or 
was)  to  be  seen  in  the  Midland  Railway 
Hotel  at  Derby,  where  a  room  was  panelled 
with  some  hundreds  of  the  prints. 

I.  C.  GOULD. 

"  Publisht  according  to  Act  of  Parlia- 
ment" refers,  I  believe,  to  8  Geo.  II.  c.  13. 
This  Act  was  amended  in  1766  by  7  Geo.  III. 
c.  38,  which  extended  the  time  of  protection 
from  fourteen  to  twenty-eight  years.  These 
Acts  were  probably  repealed  by  the  first 
Victorian  Copyright  Act. 

RALPH  THOMAS. 

The  reply  at  the  second  reference  is 
correct  ;  evidently  an  error  in  transcription 
was  made.  An  excellent  account  of  the 
work  of  the  brothers  Buck  will  be  found  in 
'  D.N.B.,'  vii.  198.  Any  second-hand  book- 
seller will  report  their  engravings.  I  take  it 
"  published  according  to  Act  of  Parliament  " 
complies  with  clause  1  of  the  Copyright  Act 
(Engravings),  8  Geo.  II.  c.  13,  which  states 
that  all  prints  shall  be  "  truly  engraved  with 
the  name  of  the  proprietor  on  each  plate, 
and  printed  on  every  such  print  or  prints." 
These  words  do  not  appear  on  some  twelve 


10th  S.  I.  MAY  7, 1904.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


of  the  Bucks'  engravings  in  my  possession, 
dated  1732-4,  and  consequently  before  the 
passing  of  this  Act.  R.  A. 


"  HANGED, DRAWN,  AND  QUARTERED"  (10th S. 
i.  209,  275,  356). — The  sentence  on  certain 
Maories,  which  was  the  cause  of  the  abolition 
of  the  old  treason  sentence  by  statute  in  this 
country  in  the  1868  Parliament,  ran  in  the 
order  of  the  title  quoted  by  your  corre- 
spondent W.  C.  B.  D. 

The  collection  of  instances  at  the  last 
reference  is  of  much  value.  The  right  answer 
is  given,  of  course,  in  the  'New  English  Dic- 
tionary,' s.v.  'Draw,'  sections  4  and  50.  It  is 
that  draivn  had  both  senses,  viz.,  (1)  drawn  on 
a  hurdle  before  hanging  ;  and  (2)  eviscerated 
after  hanging.  Something  depends  on  the 
date.  Thus,  all  the  examples  at  the  last 
reference  are  later  than  1440. 

But  sense  (1)  is  the  older,  the  original,  and 
the  most  common  use.  It  began  about  1330 ; 
and  in  1568  Grafton  says  ('Chron.,'  ii.  191): 

"Because  he  came  of  the  bloud  royall he  was 

not  drawne,  but  was  set  upon  a  horse,  and  so  brought 
to  the  place  of  execution,  and  there  hanged." 

It  is  remarkable  that  Garnett  was  "  drawn  " 
in  both  senses  ;  for  he  was  "sentenced  to  be 
drawn,  hanged,  disembowelled,  and  quar- 
tered." This  is  given  in  the  same  storehouse, 
which  is  all  too  little  consulted. 

Sense  (2)  is  explained  at  section  50  ;  but 
the  examples  are  not  numerous,  and  hardly 
one  of  them  is  quite  certain.  It  seems  to 
have  arisen  from  using  the  old  word  in  a  new 
sense.  WALTHR  W.  SKEAT. 

BURNS  ANTICIPATED  (10th  S.  i.  286,  357).— 
I  find  I  am  made  responsible  for  what  reads 
as  an  incorrect  statement. 

The  words  "  This,  too,  is  given  in  Bartlett " 
were  meant  to  refer  to  the  preceding  quota- 
tion, and  should  have  ended  with  a  full 
stop.  The  punctuation  given  makes  them 
apply  to  the  one  which  folloivs.  This  would 
be  incorrect,  as  the  "  Wee  Johnie  "  parallel 
is  not  in  Bartlett's  foot-notes,  but  is  one 
of  those  taken  from  Chambert's  Edinburgh 
Journal.  C.  LAWRENCE  FORD. 

TIDES  WELL  AND  TIDESLOW  (9th  S.  xii.  341' 
517  ;  10th  S.  i.  52,  91,  190,  228,  278,  292,  316).— 
I  am  obliged  to  PROF.  SKEAT  for  his  note  at 
the  last  reference.  It  is  scarcely  creditable  to 
my  acumen  that  I  did  not  detect  the  misprint 
of  u  for  n  in  his  former  note ;  had  I  done  so,  it 
would  have  been  clear  that  he  was  dealing 
with  operative  letters,  not  mere  symbols  or 
ghost  letters. 

I  agree  with  him  entirely  as  to  the  import- 


ance of  local  pronunciation  in  general,  but  it 
is  not  always  a  guide  to  etymology.  Thus 
Bridlington  in  Yorkshire,  a  station  on  the 
North-Eastern  Railway,  is  locally  pronounced 
"  Burlington,"  but  you  will  puzzle  the  booking 
clerk  at  King's  Cross  if  you  do  not  pronounce 
it  according  to  the  written  form,  which 
preserves  the  old  meaning.  Again,  Ruthwell, 
a  parish  in  Dumfriesshire,  is  pronounced 
locally  "  Rivvel,"  and  I  have  seen  it  so  written 
phonetically  in  documents  of  the  thirteenth 
or  fourteenth  century  (unfortunately  my 
references  are  not  at  hand) ;  but  there  can  be 
no  doubt  that  the  name  is  really  A.-S.  rod  ivel, 
as  the  famous  Ruthwell  cross  and  the  holy 
well  remain  to  testify.  In  Wigtownshire  the 
written  form  Kirkcolm  (a  parish)  bears  upon 
the  face  of  it  its  dedication  to  S.  Colum,  out 
it  is  always  pronounced  "  Kirkum,"  and  is 
sometimes  so  written  in  very  early  documents. 
It  happens  that  here  also  is  a  carved  cross  and 
"  S.  Colum's  well."  Another  Scottish  dedica- 
tion to  S.  Coluui— Kilmacdlm,  in  Renfrew- 
shire— has  suffered  grievously  from  the  name 
being  painted  up  at  the  railway  station 
"  Kilmalcolm."  Locally  it  is  still  pronounced 
correctly,  with  the  stress  on  the  last  syllable 
=  cil  mo  Coluim,  "  at  the  cell  of  dear  Colum  "; 
but  railway  officials  and  travellers  accent  the 
penultimate,  which  alters  the  meaning  into 
oil  niaoil  Coluim,  "at  the  cell  of  Colum's 
servant." 

Railway  usage  is  also  responsible  for  a 
change  in  stress,  and  consequent  obscuring 
of  the  etymology,  of  Carlisle,  which  rightly 
bears  the  accent  on  the  last  and  qualitative 
syllable.  HERBERT  MAXWELL. 

I  have  just  discovered  a  piece  of  evidence 
which  makes  it  certain  that,  before  the 
eleventh  century,  the  suffix  -ivelle  in  place- 
names  had  the  meaning  of  field.  In  Domes- 
day the  town  of  Duffield,  nineteen  miles  from 
Tideswell,  and  in  the  same  county,  appears  as 
Duuelle.  Here  the  prefix  is  the  woman's 
name  Duuua,  which  occurs  in  Domesday,  or 
Duua  (a  woman's  name?),  found  once  in  the 
Durham  l  Liber  Vitse.'  The  suffix  -elle,  for 
-ivelle,  is  translated  by  "field"  in  Duffield. 
Cold  Wall,  in  Derbyshire,  can  only  mean 
cold  field.  S.  O.  ADDY. 

In  support  of  DR.  BRUSHFIELD'S  contention 
that  Tideswell  was  popularly  named  from 
the  flowing  and  ebbing  well  situated  there, 
I  would  draw  attention  to  Joseph  Hall's 
'  Mundus  alter  et  idem,'  published  in  1607, 
and  partially  translated  by  Dr.  King  about  a 
century  later.  Describing  the  fanciful  country 
of  Crapulia,  he  speaks  of  the  hamlet  of  Mar- 
mitta  as  "  watered  by  the  river  Livenza  ; 


372 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io»  s.  i.  MAY  7,  im. 


which,  as  is  said  of  a  fountain  in  the  Peak  of 

Derby,  boils  over  twice  in  four-and-twenty 

hours."  E.  STEVENS. 

Melbourne. 

An  illustration  of  the  truth  of  what  PROF. 
SKEAT  says  at  the  end  of  his  latest  letter  on 
Tideswell  and  Tideslow  is  to  be  found  at 
Tintinhull  in  Somerset.  The  people  of  the 
village  still  pronounce  its  name  Tin  knell. 
Ihis  spelling  of  the  name  is  represented  on 
some  late  mediseval  brasses  on  the  pavement 
of  its  church.  Is  it  of  Keltic  origin  ? 

E.  8.  DODGSON. 

The  "growing  tendency  to  acrimonious 
disputation  in  'N.  &  Q.'»  is  greatly  to  be 
regretted,  and  has  been  most  ably  pointed 
out  by  MR.  PIERPOINT  at  p.  110  of  the  present 
volume.  His  remarks  I  respectfully  recom- 
mend to  the  attention  of  some  frequent  and 
important  contributors. 

T.  N.  BRUSHFIELD,  M.D. 
Salterton,  Devon. 

"AS  THE  GROW  FLIES  "  (10th  S.  i.  204,  296).— 

fi?1!  Z!ua  c°mraon  expression,  used  to  signify 
that  the  distance  is  to  be  measured  in  a 
straight  line  on  a  horizontal  plane.  If  to 
get  trom  one  place  to  another  it  is  necessary 
to  pass  over  a  mountain  the  distance  will  be 
much  greater  than  the  distance  measured  as 

he  crow  flies.  There  are  numerous  cases  in 
which  disputes  have  arisen  as  to  the  mode  in 
which  a  distance  is  to  be  measured.  It  may 
that  the  measurement  should  be  by  the 
nearest  public  road,  it  may  be  by  going  up 
hill  and  down  dale,  or  it  may  be  as  theiow 

ies.  In  order  to  avoid  disputes  in  the  con- 
struction of  Acts  of  Parliament,  the  Inter- 
pretation Act,  1889,  52  &  53  Viet.  c.  63 
sec.  34,  enacts 

"that  in  the   measurement   of   anv  distance  for 

commence 
unless  the 


See  also  section  231  of  the  Municipal  Cor- 
porations Act,  1882.  Every  one  has  seen  the 
crow  flying  home  at  the  end  of  the  day, 


6xPreTsTSion  is  often  used  in 


r-  AND  BOROUGHS 

-Jt  is  not  unlikely  that  the 

.        ,  °nreu°f  the  instan°es  in   the 
te       hn  Stuarfc  Mil1  when  he 


h-  wen    e 

made  his  memorable  speech  in  the  House  of 
Commons  in  favour  of  the  enfranchisement 
p  I**™**  in  hi*  '  Brevia  Parlia- 
Rediviva,'  refers  to  sundry  earls, 


lords,  nobles,  and  some  ladies  who  were  annual 
suitors  (freeholders)  to  the  county  court  of 
Yorkshire,  being  the  sole  electors  of  the 
knights,  and  sealing  their  indentures.  He 
gives,  pp.  152  and  153,  two  instances  of  such 
indentures.  The  earliest  is  dated  13  Hen.  IV., 
and  is  signed  by  an  attorney  of  Lucy, 
Countess  of  Kent.  Another,  in  2  Henry  V.,  is 
signed  by  the  attorney  of  Margaret,  widow 
of  Sir  H.  Vavasour.  In  7  Edward  VI. 
the  return  for  the  borough  of  Gatton  was 
made  by  the  Lady  Elizabeth  Copley,  widow 
of  Roger  Copley.  Other  instances  could  be 
cited,  but  I  fear  to  trespass  too  much  on 
your  valuable  space. 

HARRIETT  MC!LQUHAM. 

Miss  BETHAM-EDWARDS  will  find  much 
information  about  women  voters  in  Sydney 
Smith's  'Enfranchisement  of  Women  the 
Law  of  the  Land'  (1876),  Mr.  Chisholin 
Anstey's  papers  on  'The  Representation  of 
the  People  Acts,  1876,'  and  Miss  Helen 
Blackburn's  articles  in  the  Englishivomaris 
Revieio.  The  work  of  these  three  authors 
was  combined  and  much  expanded  by  Mrs. 
Stopes  in  her  '  British  Freewqmen,  their 
Historical  Privilege '  (Sonnenschein,  1894). 

A.  B.  0. 

See  4th  S.  xi. ;  6th  S.  iv. ;  7th  S.  vi.,  vii. 

EVERARD   HOME  COLEMAN. 
[Reply  acknowledged  also  from  ALICE  COBBETT.} 

BIRDS'  EGGS  (10th  S.  i.  327).- On  3  July, 
1897,  Mr.  Hugh  Leyborn  Popham  found  in 
the  valley  of  the  Jenessei  river,  in  Siberia,  the 
first  recorded  nest  of  the  pigmy  curlew  or 
curlew-sandpiper.  The  four  eggs  which  it 
contained  are  figured  in  the  Proceedings  of 
the  Zoological  Society  for  that  year  (plate  51), 
and  he  himself  described  the  circumstances 
of  the  discovery  in  the  Ibis  for  October, 
1898  (pp.  515-17).  The  "glory"  of  it  has 
therefore  "  fallen  to  one  of  our  own  country- 
men." So  with  the  knot.  Its  eggs  were 
found,  on  what  were  then  known  as  the 
North  Georgian  Islands,  in  Parry's  first 
Arctic  Expedition,  and  again  in  abundance 
in  Melville  Peninsula,  some  years  later,  by 
the  younger  Ross  —  facts  which  NE  Quro 
NIMIS  might  have  easily  ascertained  had^  he 
consulted  any  standard  authority,  which, 
however,  is  about  the  last  thing  that  an 
ordinary  writer  on  zoological  subjects  ever 
thinks  of  doing.  In  other  quarters  he  might 
as  easily  hear  of  the  achievements  of 
Alexander  Theodor  von  Middendorff  (who 
did  not  happen  to  be  exactly  a  German), 
but  as  they  concern  Siberian  exploration 
more  than  "birds'  eggs,"  I  need  not  dwell 
upon  them  here.  A  slight  acquaintance,  too, 


10th  S.  I.  MAY  7,  1904.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


373 


with  the  doings  of  English  oologists  during 
the  last  sixty  or  seventy  years  would  show 
that  the  names  of  Atkinson,  Dann,  Harvie- 
Brown,  Hewitson,  Hoy,  Proctor,  Salvin,  Tris- 
tram, and,  above  all,  Wolley,  form  a  roll 
which  cannot  be  approached  by  those  of  any 
other  country.  ANPIEL. 

It  may  be  material  to  this  subject,  and  to 
the  letter  thereon  of  NE  QUID  NIMIS,  to  state 
that  my  elder  brother  (now  dead)  made  in 
his  lifetime  a  collection  of  these,  which  I 
believe  to  be  still  in  existence  and  to  be  of 
considerable  value.  It  contained  some  eggs 
of  the  grasshopper  warbler  (a  compara- 
tively rare  bird  in  this  country),  which  he 
bought  from  the  old  woman  who  in  those 
days— fifty  or  more  years  ago — sold  cakes  and 
sweets  at  "  The  Wall "  in  front  of  Eton  College, 
giving  her  only  a  halfpenny  each  for  them, 
but  knowing  (though  she  did  not)  that  they 
were  worth  quite  half -a- crown  each.  I 
myself  assisted  my  brother  in  all  his  egg 
rambles.  EDWARD  P.  WOLFERSTAN. 

ARMS  OF  Pius  X.  (10th  S.  i.  309).— Azure,  in 
base  a  sea  proper,  over  all  an  anchor  of  three 
flukes  sable,  fouled  proper,  ensigned  with 
an  estoile  of  six  rays  argent ;  on  a  chief  of 
the  last  the  winged  lion  of  St.  Mark  of 
Venice,  guardant  and  passant,  holding  in 
dexter  paw  a  sword  erect  or,  and  between 
the  paws  an  open  book  proper,  inscribed, 
"  Pax  tibi  Marce  Evangelista  meus,"  sable. 
EVERARD  GREEN,  Rouge  Dragon. 

According  to  a  rude  sketch  in  an  Italian 
newspaper,  the  arms  of  Pope  Pius  X.  are, 
Gules,  issuant  from  a  base  wavy  an  anchor 
palewise  ;  in  the  centre  chief  a  mullet  argent. 

GEORGE  ANGUS. 

St.  Andrews,  N.B. 

LATIN  LINES  (10th  S.  i.  248,  314).— Coronam 
would  not  rime  with  dona.  We  must  take 
corona  as  a  vocative,  in  apposition  to  Christe; 
and  translate,  "  O  Christ,  Thou  crown  of  the 
saints  ! :)  E.  S.  DODGSON. 

MR.  STRONG'S  emendations  of  the  words 
sed  and  tuendo,  in  the  first  two  lines  of  the 
inscription  sent  by  DR.  FOSTER,  seem  some- 
what violent,  and  the  latterquite unnecessary. 
I  would  suggest  sede  for  sed,  which  is  a  much 
simpler  restoration  of  the  metre,  and  seems 
to  me  to  give  a  better  sense.  The  lines  would 
then  run  either,  "  These  [letters],  the 
daughters  of  the  King,  are  fixed  in  the  seat 
of  the  mind  that  by  them  Thou,  O  Christ, 
mayest  guard  and  refresh  us  sisters  ";  or  else, 
"  These  [letters]  are  fixed  in  the  seat  of  the 
King's  daughter's  mind  that  by  them " 


In  the  latter  case  the  nun  is  described  as  the 
King's  daughter  ;  in  either  case  the  meaning 
is  that  the  symbols  are  committed  to  memory 
in  order  to  keep  the  good  sisters  sound  in  the 
faith.  Such  aids  to  memory  blend  a  kind  of 
recreation  (iwores)  with  instruction  (tuendo\ 
though  the  latter  verb  may  have  also  the 
meaning  of  protection,  such  being  the  object 
of  this  teaching. 

In  the  last  sentence  there  is  no  need  to- 
assume,  as  MR.  STRONG  does,  that  there  is  a 
careless  confusion  between  the  two  construc- 
tions dona  nobis  coronam  and  dona  nos  corona 
("present  to  us  a  crown,"  "present  us  with 
a  crown ") ;  for  corona  is  manifestly  the 
vocative,  "O  Christ,  Thou  Crown  of  the 
saints  "  ;  and  hoc  is  the  object  to  dona. 

In  the  last  line  etherneis  may  be  meant  for 
cethereis,  though  it  is  by  no  means  impossible 
that  ceternus  may  be  spelt  two  ways  in  three 
lines.  W.  E.  B. 

MANITOBA  (10th  S.  i.  206,  275).— Early  in 
the  seventies,  when  the  Canadian  Pacific  Rail- 
way was  doing  much  to  bring  the  North- 
West  Provinces  before  the  people,  I  was 
stopping  for  a  few  days  in  a  village  of  Eastern 
Canada.  A  resident  of  the  little  place  cor- 
rected my  pronunciation  to  Manitoba ;  and 
as  he  was  alert  on  questions  of  the  day,  and 
also,  through  friends  in  the  Government  and 
the  colleges,  was  in  the  way  of  hearing  the 
educated  as  well  as  the  popular  usage,  I  think 
the  pronunciation  he  gave  may,  in  that  early 
day,  have  been  the  scholarly  and,  so  to  speak, 
the  official  one.  But  as  I  have  heard  the 
word  used  since  in  Montreal  and  elsewhere, 
my  strong  impression  is  that  the  easier  pro- 
nunciation, with  accent  on  the  penult,  has 
gained  the  day  in  all  classes.  Here  the  name 
is  rarer  in  speech,  and  authorities  differ ;  but 
I  note  that  in  most  recent  books  preference 
is  given  to  Manit6ba.  M.  C.  L. 

New  York  City. 

"  THE  CROWN  AND  THREE  SUGAR  LOAVES  " 
(10th  S.  i.  167,  214,  297).— Daniel  Rawlinson 
appears  to  have  been  a  staunch  royalist.  Dr. 
Richard  Rawlinson,  in  a  letter  to  Tom  Hearne, 
the  nonjuring  antiquary  at  Oxford,  says  : — 

"  Of  Daniel  Rawlinson.who  kept  the  'Mitre'  tavern 
in  Fenchurch  Street,  and  of  his  being  suspected 
in  the  Rump  time,  I  have  heard  much.  The  Whigs 
tell  this,  that  upon  the  king's  murder,  30  January, 
1649,  he  hung  Aw  sign  in  mourning  ;  he  certainly 
judged  right ;  the  honour  of  the  mitre  was  much 
eclipsed  by  the  loss  of  so  good  a  parent  to  the 
Church  of  England."— Burn's  '  Beaufoy  Tokens, 
No.  444. 

It  must,  however,  have  been  only  temporarily 
that  the  sign  was  known  as  the  "  Mourning 
Mitre,"  for  it  frequently  occurs  in  the  news- 


374 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.          [io*  s.  L  MAY  7,  MM. 


papers  after  the  year  1700  as  the  "Mitre" 
only.  The  "  Mourning  Bush  "  was  known  as 
such  so  late  as  1742  (see  the  Daily  Advertiser 
of  26  April  for  that  year) ;  and  in  Phoenix 
Alley,  afterwards  Hanover  Court,  on  the 
south  side  of  Long  Acre,  lived  Taylor,  the 
Water  Poet,  who  there  kept  an  alehouse  named, 
in  memory  of  Charles  I.,  the  "  Mourning 
Crown."  Under  the  Commonwealth,  we  are 
told,  he  prudently  changed  the  sign  to  the 
44  Taylor's  Head,"  with  the  lines  beneath  : — 

There 's  many  a  head  stands  for  a  sign  ; 
Then,  gentle  reader,  why  not  mine? 

'Hist,  of  Signboards.' 

J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

As  the  very  interesting  communications  at 
the  second  reference  imply  that  the  firm  of 
Davison,  Newman  &  Co.  still  exists,  it  may 
be  well  to  place  on  record  the  fact  that 
44,  Fenchurch  Street,  is  not  now  a  grocery 
establishment.  F.  W.  READ. 

MlTCHEL    &    FlNLAY,    BANKERS     (10th    S.    i. 

310).— I  have  in  progress  an  index  to  the 
London  rate-books,  &c.  It  may  interest  SIR 
CHARLES  KING  to  know  that  the  'Book  of 
Names  of  Inhabitants  of  St.  Mary,  Woolnoth, 
and  parts  of  St.  Mary,  Woolchurch  Haw,' 
gives  Charles  Mitchell  in  1789  and  1795,  also 
a  James  Mitchell  in  the  same  years.  As  the 
registers  of  this  parish  are  printed  down  to 
1760,  I  did  not  think  it  necessary  to  index 
this  book  before  1750. 

GERALD  MARSHALL. 
80,  Chancery  Lane,  W.C. 

For  "Shelburne  Lane,  nr  ye  Post  Office, 
London,"  read  Sherborne  Lane,  King  William 
Street,  E  C.,  near  the  Lombard  Street  post 
office.  A.  H. 

BASS  ROCK  Music  (10th  S.  i.  308).— George, 
Earl  of  Dumbarton,  was  colonel  of  the  Royal 
Scots  from  1645  to  1681.  W.  S. 

FAIR  MAID  OF  KENT  (10th  S.  i.  289).— For 
her  eldest  son,  Sir  Thomas  Holland,  second 
Earl  of  Kent,  see  '  D.N.B.,'  vol.  xxvii.  p.  157, 
and  for  her  third  son,  Sir  John  Holland,  first 
Duke  of  Exeter  and  Earl  of  Huntingdon,  the 
same  vol.,  p.  147.  The  former's  daughter 
Margaret,  first  Countess  of  Somerset,  was 
ruother  of  Joan  Beaufort,  Queen  of  James  I. 
ot  bcots,  and  ancestress  of  all  the  later  kings 
of  Scotland  (xxix.,  240).  Eleanor  Holland, 
Margarets  eldest  sister,  married  Roger  de 
Mortimer  (vi.),  fourth  Earl  of  March  and 
Ulster  (xxxix.  145),  thus  becoming  ancestress 
of  the  House  of  York. 

The  Lady  Margaret,  mother  of  King 
Henry  VII,  was  daughter  of  John  Beaufort] 


first  Duke  of  Somerset,  by  Margaret,  widow 
of  Sir  Oliver  St.  John,   and  heiress  to  Sir 
J.  Beauchamp,  of  Bletso.    She  erected  a  fin 
monument  over  her  parents'  grave  in  Wim 
borne  Minster.  A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

"  FOLEIT'  "  (10th  S.  i.  309).— We  shall  not 
arrive  at  the  sense  of  this  word  by  assign- 
ing impossible  origins.  The  Lat.  folidtus  is 
F.  feuilltf,  Anglo-French  foiU^  and  cannot 
possibly  give  a  F.  word  beginning  with  fol-. 
The  Lat./o^are  would  merely  g\vefole,foul£, 
and  does  not  help  us  with  respect  to  the 
suffix,  it  is  more  likely  that  we  have  to  dp 
with  some  derivative  of  follis.  The  F.  poil 
follet  means  "down";  and  follet  meant 
"foolish,  soft." 

However,  Godefroy's  O.F.  Diet,  gives : 
"  Folet,  follet,  adj.,  qualifying  a  sort  of  silk  ; 
as  in  '  Coustepointe  traciee  de  soie  follete 
a.  i.  feuillage  d'espine,'  and  also  sb.  m.,  as  in 
'donner  a  un  drap  blanc  qui  sera  taint  en 
folet  autre  liziere  que  blanche.'"  These  quo- 
tations are  dated  1316  and  1406  respectively. 

Mistral  gives  the  modern  Prov.  pe"u 
fouletin,  down  :  and  notes  that  fouletin  also 
appears  as  foulatin,  foulati,  fpuletil,  fulati. 
The  difficulty  is  in  the  suffix  -eit ;  we  should 
expect  foleif  to  result  from  a  Latin 
*follectum.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

TORPEDOES  (10th  S.  i.  286).— The  following 
extract  from  my  'History  of  Bampton'  is 
copied  from  an  old  manuscript  scrap-book 
which  belonged  to  a  youth  named  Tinklar, 
an  officer  on  the  ship  Maidstone  : — 

"The  American  Torpedo  boat,  which  was  sent 
down  from  New  York  for  the  destruction  of  His 
Majesty's  Ship,  Maidstone,  at  anchor  off 
Gardener's  Island. 

"  New  York,  June  29th,  1814. 

"Torpedo  Boat. — A  new  invented  Torpedo  Boat, 
resembling  a  turtle  floating  just  above  tiie  surface 
of  the  water,  and  sufficiently  roomy  to  carry  nine 
persons  within,  having  on  her  back  a  coat  of  mail 
consisting  of  three  large  bombs,  which  could  be  dis- 
charged by  machinery,  so  as  to  bid  defiance  to 
any  attacks  by  barges,  left  this  city  (New  York) 
one  day  last  week  to  blow  up  some  of  the  enemy's 
ships  off  New  London.  At  one  end  of  the  boat 

E  rejected  a  long  pole  under  water,  with  a  torpedo 
istened  to  it,  which,  as  she  approached  the  enemy 
in  the  night,  was  to  be  poked  under  the  bottom, 
and  then  let  off.  The  boat,  we  understand,  is  the 
invention  of  an  ingenious  gentleman,  by  the  name 
of  Berrian. 

"  June  22,  1814. — Received  information  of  the 
torpedo  having  been  driven  on  shore  close  to 
Oyster  Pond,  Long  Island,  where  she  was  com- 
pletely destroyed  by  the  boats  of  the  Maidstone 
and  Sylph.  The  militia  had  collected  on  the  neigh- 
bouring heights,  and  kept  a  sharp  fire  of  musketry 
on  the  boats  until  a  small  detachment  of  marines 
had  effected  a  landing,  when  the  militia  immediately 
decamped  with  unaccustomed  rapidity.  Pursued 


io»  s.  i.  MAY  7, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


375 


them  about  a  mile  and  a  half  till  the  woods  screened 
the  dastardly  refugees,  which  enabled  us  to  accom- 
plish the  object  of  the  enterprise  without  molesta- 
tion. Thus  without  loss  were  the  Yankees  disap- 
pointed, as  in  many  similar  attempts,  of  launching 
into  eternity  a  British  man-of-war  and  her  crew. 
A  mode  of  warfare  practised  by  no  other  nation,  as 
cowardly  as  it  is  detestable." 

Diagrams  showing  the  construction  of 
different  parts  of  the  boat  are  afterwards 
given.  MARY  E.  NOBLE. 

TICKLING  TROUT  (9th  S.  xii.  505  ;  10th  S. 
i.  154,  274). — When  I  was  a  boy  in  Hereford- 
shire I  often  saw  a  tailor  from  a  neighbouring 
village  wading  up  the  river  up  to  his  armpits 
•and  feeling  under  the  banks.  I  have  seen 
him  throw  out  many  a  big  trout,  one  after 
the  other,  on  to  the  bank.  This  was  called 
tickling  trout.  E.  M. 

BARBERS  (10th  S.  i.  290).— William  Falconer, 
the  poet  and  author  of  '  The  Shipwreck,'  was 
the  son  of  an  Edinburgh  barber.  There  is  an 
account  of  Jacques  Jasmin,  the  barber  poet 
of  Languedoc,  in  Eliza  Cook's  Journal  for 
15  March,  1851.  The  father  of  Jeremy  Taylor 
was  a  barber  in  Cambridge.  Lords  Tenter- 
den  and  St.  Leonards  were  both  sons  of 
barbers.  J.  H.  MACMICHAEL. 

SCOTCH  WORDS  AND  ENGLISH  COMMENTA- 
TORS (10th  S.  i.  261,  321).— It  seems  to  me  that 
Burns,  in 


dre 


The  bum-clock  hummed  wi'  lazy  drone, 
The  kye  stood  rowtin'  i'  the  loan, 


the 


his    inspiration      chiefly    from      

beginning  of  Gray's  '  Elegy  ' ;  but  Gray  and 
Collins  remembered  the  passage  in  'Macbeth  ; 
and  Gray  has  expressed  himself  as  though  he 
had  the  ode  of  Collins  in  his  mind  : — 

Ere  the  bat  has  flown 

His  cloistered  flight ;  ere  to  black  Hecate's  summons 
The  shard-borne  beetle,  with  his  drowsy  hums, 
Hath  rung  night's  yawning  peal. 

Shakespeare. 

The  lowing  herd  winds  slowly  o'er  the  lea, 
The  ploughman  homewards  plods  his  weary  way. 

Now  fades  the  glimmering  landscape  on  the  sight, 
And  all  the  air  a  solemn  stillness  holds, 
Save  where  the  beetle  wheels  his  droning  flight, 
And  drowsy  tinklings  lull  the  distant  folds. 

Gray. 

Now  air  is  hushed,  save  where  the  weak-eyed  bat 
With  short,  shrill  shriek,  flits  by  on  leathern  wing  ; 

Or  where  the  beetle  winds 

His  small  but  sullen  horn.  Collins. 

E.  YARDLEY. 

THE  "  SHIP  "  HOTEL  AT  GREENWICH  (9th  S. 
xii.  306,  375,  415,  431  ;  10th  S.  i.  111).— Is  not 
this  preserved  in  an  engraving  in  'Pendennis,' 
vol.  ii.  p.  26,  entitled  'Almost  Perfect  Happi- 


ness,' representing  Foker  on  a  balcony  over- 
looking the  river,  engaged  in  conversation 
with  Blanche  Amory  ?  Foker,  it  is  said, "  had 
some  delicious  opportunities  of  conversation 
with  her  during  the  repast,  and  afterwards 
on  the  balcony  of  their  room  at  the  hotel " 
(chap.  ii.).  JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

Louis  XVII.  (10th  S.  i.  267).— The  deeply 
calculated  barbarity  that  caused  the  linger- 
ing death  of  this  hapless  prince  is  minutely 
described  by  Thiers  in  his  '  History  of  the 
French  Revolution.'  With  regard  to  MADAME 
BARBEY-BOISSIER'S  firm  belief  in  "  the  sur- 
vival of  Louis  XVIL,  son  of  Louis  XVI., 
after  his  feigned  death  in  the  prison  of  the 
Temple  on  8  June,  1795,"  I  venture  to  think 
that  the  following  note  by  Mr.  Holland  Rose, 
at  vol.  iii.  p.  358  of  his  edition  of  Carlyle's 
'  French  Revolution,'  will  interest  her : — 

"The  royalist  reaction  was  further  checked  by 
the  death  of  the  little  Louis  XVII.  (8  June,  1795) 
owing  to  the  filth  and  darkness  in  which  the  Com- 
mittee of  General  Security  kept  him  of  set  purpose. 
This  was  a  blow  to  the  royalists,  who  cared  little 
for  the  next  claimant  to  the  throne,  the  Comte  de 
Provence.  The  stories  of  the  rescue  of  Louis  XVIL 
and  substitution  of  an  idiot  boy  are  very  far-fetched. 
For  that  theory  see  Louis  Blanc,  'La  Rev.  Fr.,' 
vol.  xii.  chap.  ii. ;  also  several  perversely  ingenious 
monographs." 

The  italics  are  mine. 

HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 
119,  Elms  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 

BATTLEFIELD  SAYINGS  (10th  S.  i.  268).— It 
was  on  the  day  of  the  fatal  battle  of  Pavia 
that  Francis  I.  wrote  his  mother  a  letter  con- 
taining the  oft-quoted  words,  "  All  is  lost, 
madam,  save  honour."  "  Let  posterity  cheer 
for  us"  is  attributed  to  Washington,  when 
some  of  the  American  troops  cheered  as  the 
sword  of  Cornwallis  was  given  by  General 
O'Hara,  at  the  surrender  of  Yorktown,  19  Octo- 
ber, 1781,  to  the  American  commander- 
in-chief.  The  story  has,  however,  been 
doubted.  Several  other  such  dicta  will  be 
found  in  S.  A.  Bent's '  Short  Sayings  of  Great 
Men,'  1882.  J.  H.  MACMICHAEL. 

JAMES  BRINDLEY  (10th  S.  i.  310).— The 
editorial  foot-note  is  partly  incorrect.  My 
copy  of  '  Lives  of  the  Engineers,'  by  Dr. 
Smiles,  is  the  "sixth  thousand,"  published  by 
Murray  in  1862,  and  on  p.  308  it  is  stated 
that  James  Brindley  first  saw  the  light  in 
a  humble  cottage  standing  about  midway 
between  the  hamlet  of  Great  Rocks  and  that 
of  Tunstead,  in  the  liberty  of  Thornsett,  some 
three  miles  to  the  north-east  of  Buxton.  The 
house  in  which  he  was  born,  in  1716,  has  long 
since  fallen  to  ruins,  the  Brindley  family 


376 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io*  s.  i.  MAY  7,  im. 


having  been  its  last  occupants.  The  walls 
stood  long  after  the  roof  had  fallen  in,  and 
at  length  the  materials  were  removed  to 
build  cowhouses;  but  in  the  middle  of  the 
ruin  there  grew  up  a  young  ash  tree,  forcing 
up  one  of  the  flags  of  the  cottage  floor.  It 
looked  so  healthy  and  thriving  a  plant  that 
the  labourer  employed  to  remove  the  stones 
for  the  purpose  of  forming  the  pathway  to 
the  neighbouring  farmhouse  spared  the 
seedling,  and  it  grew  up  to  a  large  and 
flourishing  tree,  6ft.  9  in.  in  girth,  standing 
in  the  middle  of  the  croft,  and  now  known  as 
"Brindley's  Tree."  This  ash  tree  is  nature's 
own  memorial  of  the  birthplace  of  the 
engineer,  and  it  is  the  only  one  yet  raised  to 
the  genius  of  Brindley. 

There  is  no  actual  illustration  of  Brindley's 
birthplace,  but  in  the  afore-mentioned  work 
is  an  engraving  of  this  tree  and  a  contiguous 
house,  which  is  still  called  "  Brindley's  Croft." 
On  p.  467  will  be  found  an  illustration  of 
'  Brindley's  House  at  Turnhurst.'  It  was  for- 
merly the  residence  of  the  Bellot  family,  and 
is  said  to  have  been  the  last  house  in  England 
in  which  a  family  fool  was  kept.  On  p.  470 
it  is  stated  : — 

"After  an  illness  of  some  duration,  he  expired  at 

u    £?use  -at  Turnhurst  on  27  September,  1772,  in 

the  fifty-sixth  year  of  his  age,  and  was  interred  in 

the  burymg-ground  at  New  Chapel,  a  few  fields 

distant  from  his  dwelling." 

A  view  of  '  Brindley's  Burial-place  at  New 
Chapel '  is  on  p.  476. 

9^e  of  my  proudest  possessions  is  an  oil 
painting  of  this  burial-place  and  the  church 
of  bt.  James  the  Less  at  Newchapel  (also 
depicted  on  p.  476),  for  of  this  church  my 
grandfather  (see  9th  S.  xii.  493),  the  Kev.  T. 
.borshaw,  was  vicar  for  thirty-five  years,  and 
many  a  time,  when  I  was  a  child,  the  dear  old 
gentleman  pointed  out  Brindley's  grave  to  me 

Brindley's  house  at  Turnhurst  was  resi- 
dentially  occupied  by  my  grandfather  and 
tamily  before  the  erection  of  the  vicarage  of 
JNewchapel,  which  was  built  by  my  ancestor 
m  1845,  on  land  given  by  Mr.  Lawton,  o 
Prestbury  Hal],  Cheshire. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 
.Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

James  Brindley  was  born  in  the  year  1716 
at  a  cottage  between  the  hamlet  of  Grea 
Kocks  and  that  of  Tunstead,  in  the  liberty  o 
Inornsett,  some  three  miles  to  the  north-eas 
-Buxton.  He  died  at  his  house  at  Turn 
hurst,  27  September,  1772,  and  was  buried  in 
the  ground  of  New  Chapel,  a  few  field 
distant  trorn  his  dwelling. 

These  particulars  are  taken  from  Smiles' 
-Lives  of  the  Engineers,'  ed.  1874.    The  sam 


nformation   is  given    in    a  'Dictionary    of 
biography,'  ed.  J.  Gorton,  1828. 

R.  A.  POTTS. 

See   John    Gorton's    '  Biog.    Diet.,'    1828  ; 
tVatkins's  '  Biog.  Diet.,'  1829  ;  and  Dugdale's 
British  Traveller,'  1819,  vol.   ii.  pp.  82,  83, 
where  there  is  a  long  biographical  account. 

J.   H.   MACMlCHAEL. 

Brindley  died  at  Turnhurst,  Staffordshire, 
0  September,  1772.  See  'Charabers's- 
Encyclopedia,'  1888,  vol.  ii.  pp.  455-6. 

W.  H.  PEET. 

[MR.  C.  S.  WARD  gives  the  date  of  death  as  27  or 
0  September,  with  a  reference  to  the  '  Penny 
yclopsedia'  and  Hole's  'Brief  Biog.  Diet.'  Numer- 
us  other  replies  acknowledged.  ] 

NELSON  AND  WOLSEY  (10th  S.  i.  308).— The 
arcophagus  in  which  the  remains  of  Nelson, 
ie  can  hardly  be  called  a  second-hand  oner 
eeing  that,  although  it  was  intended  for  the 
;orpse  of  the  magnificent  cardinal,  and  by  his 
means  designed  by  Torrigiano,  it  was  never 
occupied  until  1806.  From  c.  1525  until 
kelson's  day  the  cist  in  question  stood  empty 
n  Wolsey's  Chapel,  so  called,  at  Windsor. 

The  tomb-house  east  of  St.  George's  Chapel 
was  built  by  Henry  VII.  for  his  own  remains, 
Dut  he  afterwards  deserted  Windsor  for 
Westminster  ;  and  Henry  VIII.  granted  his 
lather's  first  mausoleum  to  Cardinal  Wolsey, 
who  began  his  own  tomb  within  it,  employing 
a  Florentine  sculptor  on  brazen  columns  and 
brazen  candlesticks,  which  were  sold  in  1646 
for  600£.  as  defaced  brass.  James  II.  con- 
verted the  tomb-house  into  a  Romish  chapel, 
which  was  defaced  by  a  Protestant  rabble. 
In  1742  it  was  appropriated  as  a  free  school- 
house.  Finally  George  III.  converted  it  into 
a  tomb-house  for  himself  and  his  descendants, 
and  it  has  since  been  vaulted  in  stone  and 
much  decorated  as  a  sepulchral  chapel  in 
memory  of  Prince  Albert. 

In  the  very  centre  of  the  crypt  of  St.  Paul's 
Cathedral  the  corpse  of  Nelson  lies  underneath  • 
a  splendid  black-and-white  sarcophagus  of 
the  sixteenth  century.  This  work  of  art, 
upon  which  Benedetto  da  Rovanza  and 
his  masons  spent  much  labour,  was  intended 
by  Wolsey  for  his  own  monument,  but  was 
confiscated  with  the  rest  of  his  goods.  His 
Ipswich  foundation  was  entirely  suppressed, 
but  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  as  the  creation 
of  his  cruel  master,  has  come  down  to  us,  an 
imperfect  realization  of  the  Cardinal's  great 
aim,  while  to  this  day  no  man  knows  the 
exact  spot  where  the  Abbot  of  Leicester  and 
his  monks  buried  the  great  Tudor  statesman. 

A.  R.  BAYLEY. 


s.  i.  MAY  7,i9oi.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


377 


"  THERE  WAS  A  MAN  "  (10th  S.  i.  227).— In 
West  Yorkshire,  some  years  ago,  the  complete 
rime  was  as  follows,  though  the  first  line  was 
sometimes  ended  "  he  lived  in  Leeds,"  and 
*'  seeds  "  took  the  place  of  "  seed "  in  the 
second  line  : — 

There  was  a  man,  a  man  indeed, 
He  sowed  his  garden  full  of  seed  ; 
When  the  seed  began  to  grow 
'Twas  like  a  garden  full  of  snow ; 
When  the  snow  began  to  fall 
'Twas  like  a  bird  upon  the  wall ; 
When  the  bird  began  to  fly 
'Twas  like  an  eagle  in  the  sky  ; 
When  the  sky  began  to  roar 
'Twas  like  a  lion  at  the  door ; 
WThen  the  door  began  to  crack 
'Twas  like  a  stick  about  my  back ; 
When  my  back  began  to  smart 
'Twas  like  a  penknife  in  my  heart ; 
When  my  heart  began  to  bleed 
'Twas  time  for  me  to  die  indeed. 

The  harrowing  narrative  was  supposed  to 
have  some  useful  moral  for  children,  but  I  do 
not  know  the  moral  intended. 

H.  SNOWDEN  WARD. 

Hadlow,  Kent. 

NORTHALL,  SHROPSHIRE  (10th  S.  i.  226, 297).— 
There  is  a  place  named  Northall,  near  Southall, 
Middlesex,  lat.  51°  33'  N.,  long.  0°  22'  W.,  as 
well  as  that  in  Buckinghamshire.  See  'Index 
Geographicus,'  by  Keith  Johnston,  Edinburgh, 
1864.  EVERARD  HOME  GOLEM  AN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

ST.  MEWBRED  (10th  S.  i.  288).— The  legends 
•concerning  St.  Mewbred  appear  to  be  very 
confused.  The  Rev.  S.  Baring-Gould  has 
stated  in  a  letter  to  me : — 

"  There  is  a  Mobart  in  Brittany ;  and  St.  Mobred, 
or  Mobart,  occurs  in  the  Cartularies  of  Landevennec. 
The  name  also  occurs  in  Nennius,  in  his  genealogy 
of  Vortigern ;  so  that  Mobratt,  or  Mobart,  would 
seem  to  have  been  a  Celtic  name  not  uncommon." 

The  following  statement  is  taken  from 
some  notes  by  the  same  writer  : — 

"According to  William  of  Worcester,  Mybard was 
a  son  of  a  King  of  Ireland  and  was  also  named 
•Colrog.  He  settled  at  Cardinham  (in  Cornwall)  as 
a  hermit,  where  he  was  murdered.  His  companions 
were  Mannach,  or  Mancus,  and  Wyllow.  In  the 
'Cartulary  of  Landeveunec,  in  Brittany,  he  occurs  as 
Sanctus  Morbretus,  who  made  over  his  settlement 
at  Lanrivoare  to  St.  Winwaloe,  and  the  date  of  the 
•forged  deed  is  31  March,  955.  Either  he  was  con- 
temporary with  Winwaloe  and  the  date  is  wrong, 
or  else  he  was  a  different  person,  who  gave  his  land 
to  the  abbey  at  this  later  period.  In  the  diocese  of 
Quimper,  at  Ploumodiern,  is  a  hamlet,  with  chapel, 
called  Loc-Mybrit ;  and  the  saint  is  said  by  tradi- 
tion to  have  for  a  while  led  a  hermit's  life  there ; 
but  this  is  the  Mybard  who  was  a  disciple  of  St. 
Winwaloe.  Meubred  is  represented  in  one  of  the 
old  windows  of  St.  Neot's  Church,  Cornwall,  wear- 
ing a  brass  cap,  or  yellow  cap,  on  his  head :  in  his 


left  hand  a  short  staff,  in  his  right  he  carries  his 
head.  The  inscription  is  '  Sancte  Maberde  ora 
pro  nobis.'  His  feast  at  Cardinham  is  on  the 
Thursday  before  Pentecost." 

An  inscribed  stone  occurs  in  Cornwall 
with  the  legend  "Clotuali  Mogratti  (or 
Mobratti) "  :— perhaps  the  concluding  word 
may  be  equivalent  to  Mewbred.  Accounts 
of  such  saints  seem  to  be  very  untrustworthy. 

W.  IAGO,  B.A. 

Bodmin. 

CARSON  (9th  S.  xi.  488 ;  xii.  19, 110, 331,  377  : 
10th  S.  i.  52).— John  Carson,  late  of  Taff's 
Well,  Cardiff,  was  L.R.C.P.I.,  L.R.C.S.L, 
and  L.M.  1868.  Alexander  Tertius  Carson, 
late  of  Toronto,  Canada,  was  M.D.  Edin.  1862. 
M.RC.S.Eng.  1861,  L.M.  1863,  L.A.H.Dub. 
1862,  M.C.P.S.Ontario,  1862.  William  Carson 
began  his  medical  career  in  Birmingham  in 
the  latter  part  of  the  "  seventies."  He  after- 
wards went  out  to  Newfoundland,  where, 
apart  from  being  a  distinguished  doctor,  he 
became  "  the  parent  of  agriculture  "  in  the 
colony,  and  the  founder  of  the  constitutional 
government  of  the  island.  His  son  Samuel 
Carson  was  also  a  well-known  figure  in  St 
John's  as  a  medical  practitioner,  and  at  the 
time  of  the  cholera  outbreak  there  saved 
many  lives  by  his  devotion  and  unwearied 
efforts  to  stamp  out  the  scourge,  which  so 
undermined  his  constitution  that  he  died  in 
the  prime  of  life.  Another  notable  Carson 
was  James,  brother  to  the  first-mentioned 
William.  He  was  also  a  doctor  of  medicine 
(of  what  university  ?),  and  was  spoken  of  as 
one  of  the  most  eminent  physicians  of  the 
day.  He  practised  in  Liverpool.  An  account 
of  William  and  Samuel  Carson  will  be  found 
in  Judge  Prowse's  'History  of  Newfoundland.. 
In  Lucerne  is  the  tomb  of  the  Rev.  H.  W 
Carson,  B.D.,  died  1  September,  1895. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

PRINTS  AND  ENGRAVINGS  (10th  S.  i.  268).— 
The  desired  information  would,  no  doubt,  be 
found  in  some  of  the  following  works : 
'  Eighteenth-Century  Colour  Prints,'  by  Mrs. 
Frankau;  'Fine  Prints,'  by  Frederick  Wed- 
more  (a  book  for  collectors  and  dealers  in  the 
engravings  of  Ostade,  Claude,  Vandyke,  and 
Hollar:  the  etchings  of  Rembrandt,  Whistler, 
and  Haden ;  mezzotints,  lithographs,  and 
woodcuts ;  Turner  prints  and  French 
eighteenth  -  century  prints ;  Italian  line 
engravings  ;  Diirer  and  the  Little  Masters  ; 
and  the  later  French  and  English  etchers) ; 
'  Engravers'  Marks  :  a  History  of  the  Art  of 
Engraving,  with  a  Collection  of  Marks  and 
Cyphers  by  which  the  Prints  of  the  best 
Engravers  are  Distinguished,'  1747 ; '  Reminis- 


378 


[10th  S.  I.  MAY  7,  1904. 


cences 


ueuues    of    Stothard ' ;     'Masters    of    Woo 
Engraving,'    by    W.    J.    Lin  ton ;    and   'En 

graving :  its  Origin,  Processes,  and  History 
y  Vicomte  Henri  Delaborde,  translated  b; 
E.  A.  M.  Stevenson,  with  an  additional  chap 
ter  on  English  engraving  by  William  Walker 
illustrated  (this  is  a  volume  of  the  "  Fine-Ar 
Library,"  edited  by  John  C.  L.  Sparkes).  See 
also  'Line  Engraving,'  in  Country  Life 
30  September,  1899;  'Arundel  Prints,'  in 
the  Queen,  10  October,  1903;  'Bartolozz 
and  his  Engravings,'  in  the  Queen,  14  Decem 
ber,  1901 ;  '  Wood  Engraving,  Historical  anc 
Practical,'  by  Chatto  and  Jackson  ;  'Practical1 
Manual  of  Wood  Engraving,'  by  W.  N 
Brown,  with  brief  historical  introduction 
(good  on  technique) ;  A.  F.  Didot's  '  Essai  sur 
la  Gravure  sur  Bois'  (advanced  criticism, 
historical  and  critical,  and  contains  list  ol 
artists  and  bibliography);  and  'Le  Peintre 
Graveur,'  by  J.  D.  Passavant,  6  vols.  (ad- 
vanced criticism). 

J.  HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

BATROME  (10th  S.  i.  88,  173,  252,  338).— I 
•was  aware  that  we  owed  our  knowledge  of 
'Barthram's  Dirge'  to  Surtees;  but  Scott 
expressly  states  that  "  it  was  taken  down 
by  Mr.  Surtees  from  the  recitation  of  Anne 
Douglas,  an  old  woman  who  weeded  in  his 
garden."  Is  Surtees  held  to  have  enacted 
the  role  of  Macpherson  and  Chatterton  ? 

HELGA. 

ADMIRAL  DONALD  CAMPBELL  (10th  S.  i. 
309).— MR.  ALAISTER  MACGILLEAN  will  find 
a  detailed  account  of  this  officer  in  '  Life  of 
Admiral  Lord  Nelson,'  by  J.  S.  Clarke  and 
J.  McArthur,  2  vols.  1809  (British  Museum 
Library,  1858  e).  He  is  not  to  be  confused 
with  the  Rear-Admiral  Donald  Campbell 
(1752-1819),  also  connected  with  Islay,  who 
died  on  his  flagship,  H.M.S.  Salisbury,  during 
his  command  on  the  Leeward  Islands  Station, 
and  who  is  buried  in  the  garrison  chapel  at 
Portsmouth.  LIONEL  A.  V.  SCHANK. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

Elizabethan  Critical  Essays.  Edited,  with  an  Intro- 
duction, by  C.  Gregory  Smith.  2  vols.  (Oxford, 
Clarendon  Press.) 

IT  will  perhaps  be  disappointing  to  Mr.  Smith 
when  we  say  that  the  primary  appeal  of  his  edition 
of  '  Elizabethan  Critical  Essays '  is  to  our  sense  of 
convenience.  It  is  very  pleasant  to  have  within 
two  thick,  but  well-printed,  legible,  and  handsome 
volumes  works  the  search  after  which  in  other 
forms  would  be  long,  and  in  some  cases,  perhaps, 
unremunerative.  With  most  of  the  works  now 
reprinted  the  student  of  Tudor  literature  is  bound 


to   be  familiar.    The  writings  of  Ascham,  Lodge, 
Webbe,  Puttenham,   and  others  are   part  of   his 
literary  equipment.  With  those  of  Nash  and  Gabriel1 
Harvey — unless  he  owns  the  Huth  Library  reprints 
of  Grosart,  not  common  as  a  private  possession,, 
and  not   readily  accessible   except  in   important 
libraries — he  has    less  chance   of   being   familiar. 
Prof.  Arber  has,  however,  brought  within  general  ken- 
many  works  until  recently  of  the  greatest  rarity, 
and  a  fascinating  branch  of  study  may  now  be 
pursued  with  moderate  comfort.     To  have  within 
handy  reach  a  series  of  works  such  as  Mr.  Smith 
gives  us  is  a  matter  for  devout  thanksgiving.    For 
the  first  time,  moreover,  the  majority  of  them  are 
issued  with  notes  and  illustrative  comment,  and 
the  whole  is  supplied  with  a  full  index,  which  trebles 
its  value.     Our  sense  of  obligation  does  not  stop 
even  here.    Mr.  Smith's  introduction  is  ample  and 
illuminatory.     For  a  century  past    the  value  of 
Elizabethan  criticism  has  won  recognition.    Hasle- 
wood's  reprint  of  'Ancient  Critical   Essays  upon 
English  Poets  and  Poesy '  was  one  of  the  most 
commendable  products  of  a  time  rich  in  such  boons 
-jo  the  student,  and  it  is  pleasant  to  find  this  work 
)f  a  respectable  antiquary  greeted  as  it  deserves  by 
lis  successor.      Comparative  criticism    has  made 
'emarkable  progress,  and   the  collective  value  of 
;he  works  reprinted— works  which  seem  at  times 
strangely  out  of  keeping  with  the  poetic  and  dra- 
natic  products  of  the  age  —  is,  perhaps,  for  the 
irst  time  evident.    Fresh  interest  is  given  to  the 
3ontroversial  aspect  of  the  writings — and  few  of 
hem  but  took  their  rise  in  controversy — from  the 
act  that  they  originated  in  that  attack  by  the 
Puritans  upon    English    poetry  and  plays    which 
nanfests  itself  in  so  many  different  ways  in  the 
England  of  Elizabeth  and  her  successors.     Attacks 
uch  as  Gosson's  '  School  of  Abuse,'  Northbrooke's 
Treatise,'  and   the  like,  are  not  included  in  the 
volumes,  though  passages  from  them  are  printed  in 
he   notes    to    Lodge    and    other   of   those    who 
ssayed  to  answer  them.    Puritan  teaching  is,  how- 
ver,  fully  illustrated   in  the  works    of    Ascham 
nd  others.    In  addition  to  his  well-known  arraign- 
ment of   the   '  Morte  Arthur '  Ascham   has  long 
irades   against    the    Italian    translations     which 
vere  then  in  fashion:    "Ten   ^ermons   at  Paules 
>osse  do  not  so  moch  good  for  mouyng  men  and 
rewe  doctrine  as  one  of  those  bookes  do  harme 
ith  inticing  men  to  ill  liuing."    As  regards  the 
ndebtedness  to  Italian  and  French  sources,  to  the 
atter    especially,  we    are  not  sure  that  the  last 
vord  has  been  said.    We  fancy  we  can  trace  obliga- 
ions  in  Puttenham  to  others  besides  Du  Bellay 
nd    Ronsard,  but    have  not    time  to  prosecute 
investigation.      Mr.    Smith,    however,    showa 
amiliarity  with  many  French  works  little  known 
nd  not  easily  accessible,  and  it  is  not  likely  that 
ess  thoroughness  should  be  displayed  in  this  than 
n  other  parts  of  his  work.     The  term  Elizabethan, 
s  used  in  the   strictest   sense,  to  the  exclusion 
F  some  early  works,   such    as    Richard  Sherry's 
Treatise  of  the  Figures  of  GrammerandRhetorique/ 
nd  Fulwood's  '  Enimie  of  Idlenesse,'  the  banish- 
lent  of  which  few  will  regret.     By  ending,  more- 
ver,  with  Elizabeth's  death  year,  the  critical  work 
t  Ben  Jonson  and  Bacon  is  omitted.    The  milieu  of 
lese  is  held  to  be  Jacobean,  and  it  is  said  that 
leir  works,  with  others  that  are  named,  will  supply 
aterials  for  another  volume.     All  the  writings  in 
le  body  of  the  work  are  in  prose.     Hence  Daniel's 
;lightful  poem  'Musophilus,'  in  its  line  altogether 


10th  S.  I.  MAY  7,  1904.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


379 


unequalled,  is  excluded  in  common  with  other 
works.  These  two  volumes  will  be  welcome  to 
scholars,  and  will  probably  serve  a  useful  purpose 
in  tuition. 

Old  West  Surrey  :  Some  Notes  and  Memories.    By 

Gertrude  Jekyll.  (Longmans  &  Co.) 
THE  part  of  Surrey  with  which  in  her  attractive 
volume  Miss  Jekyll  deals  is  that  south-western 
corner  abutting  on  Hampshire  and  Sussex,  and  in- 
cluding all  the  lovely  country  between  Guildford 
and  Godalming.  Of  scenes  and  nooks  in  this 
favoured  spot,  of  many-gabled  cottages,  mills,  wells, 
gates,  pumps,  and  the  like,  of  men  in  smock-frocks 
and  women  in  sun-bonnets,  she  gives  innumerable 
well-executed  photographs.  Then  follow  views  of 
farm  implements,  the  furniture  and  paraphernalia 
of  the  house,  and  of  implements  common  enough 
in  the  first  half  of  the  nineteenth  century,  but 
now  accepted  as  antiquities.  Here  are  tinder-boxes, 
warming-pans,  smoothing-irons,  butter-prints,  rush- 
light holders,  snuffers,  pattens,  pocket  lanterns,  and 
all  sorts  of  familiar  or  unfamiliar  objects  to  be 
found  in  the  cottage,  down  even  to  clay  pipes. 
Rustic  crockery  and  ornaments,  samplers,  and  the 
like  abound,  and  there  are  grimmer  souvenirs  of  the 
life  of  our  ancestors  in  the  shape  of  man-traps  and 
spring  guns.  These  things  are  varied  by  pictures  of 
cottage  gardens  and  hedgerows,  the  illustrations 
being  no  fewer  than  330.  To  the  antiquary  a  book 
which  preserves  the  memory  of  things  now  difficult 
of  access  is  delightful  in  all  respects. 

Book-plates.  By  Edward  Almack,  F.S.A.  (Methuen 

&Co.) 

To  the  Methuen  series  of ' '  Little  Books  on  Art,"  Mr. 
Almack  has  contributed  a  useful,  popular,  and  well- 
illustrated  treatise  on  book-plates.  It  has  forty- 
two  illustrations,  an  ecclesiastical  book-plate  it 
presents  being  probably  the  oldest  in  existence. 
It  serves  as  a  frontispiece  to  the  volume.  Many 
familiar  and  some  modern  plates  are  given,  and  there 
is  a  chapter  on  American  plates. 

Aids  to  Reflection,  and  Confessions  of  an  Inquiring 
Spirit.  By  Samuel  Taylor  Coleridge.  (Bell  & 
Sons.) 

THIS  cheap,  handsome,  and  legible  reprint  will  do 
much  to  diffuse  a  knowledge  of  Coleridge's  most 
prized  contributions  to  religious  philosophy.  With 
the  works  mentioned  are  also  given  Coleridge's 
'  Essay  on  Faith '  and  '  Notes  on  the  Book  of 
Common  Prayer.' 

Transactions  of  the  Royal  Historical  Society.    New 

Series,  Vol.  XVII.  (Offices  of  the  Society.) 
ALL  the  articles  in  this  volume  are  of  substantial 
value.  If  we  do  not  accept  every  statement  or 
deduction,  they  supply  thoughts,  and  direct  the 
reader  to  other  sources  of  knowledge,  which  will 
assuredly  extend  the  vision  of  those  to  whom  the 
study  of  history  is  not  a  labour  undertaken  for 
purposes  of  mere  utility. 

Miss  R.  Graham's  paper  on  '  The  Intellectual  In- 
fluence of  the  English  Monasteries  between  the 
Tenth  and  the  Twelfth  Centuries'  is  valuable  as 
throwing  light  on  a  complex  subject,  of  which 
many  people  are  content  to  be  as  uninformed  as 
their  forefathers  were  at  a  time  when  religious 
controversy  furnished  excuses  which  the  present 
times  do  not. 
Dr.  Firth  is  a  hard  worker.  Nothing  he  has 


hitherto  published  furnishes  stronger  evidence  of 
his  plodding  industry  than  his  '  Royalist  and  Crom- 
wellian  Armies  in  Flanders,  1657-62.'  The  subject 
has  never  been  worked  put  in  detail  before.  Future 
biographers  and  historians  will  find  the  details  he 
gives  of  immense  advantage  to  them,  not  only  on 
account  of  the  direct  instruction  imparted,  but  also 
because  their  attention  cannot  fail  to  be  directed 
to  fresh  avenues  of  knowledge. 

Mr.  Alexander  Savine's  '  Bondmen  under  the 
Tudors '  is  excellent  work,  but  we  cannot  unhesitat- 
ingly accept  all  his  conclusions.  He  has  not  been 
able  to  solve  the  very  difficult  question  as  to  when 
yillenage  died  out,  or  when  merchet  fines  for  marry- 
ing out  of  the  manor  came  to  an  end.  He  quotes  a 
heavy  one— five  shillings— inflicted  on  a  woman  of 
Scotter,  in  Lincolnshire,  on  this  account,  and  refers 
to  some  others  of  later  date;  but  in  these  sub- 
sequent cases  the  fine  was  less,  only  two  shillings. 
So  far  as  Mr.  Savine's  researches  go  (and  they  are 
confirmed  by  our  own),  it  would  seem  that  these 
fines  had  come  to  an  end  before  the  accession  of 
James  I.,  but  we  cannot  be  sure.  We  have  seen  a 
conveyance  of  property  whereon  there  were  coal- 
pits, dated  late  in  this  king's  reign,  by  which  the 
miners  were  conveyed  with  the  estate  ;  but  a  ques- 
tion arises  here.  The  extreme  conservatism  of  the 
legal  profession  is  of  long  standing.  Can  we  there- 
fore be  sure  that  the  words  were  anything  more 
than  a  mere  transcript  from  an  earlier  document  ? 

The  Right  Rev.  Dr.  Gasquet  furnishes  a  most 
useful  account  of  the  Premonstratensian  Order  in 
England,  which  every  one  should  master  who  is 
interested  in  our  raediteval  religious  history,  or  in- 
any  one  of  the  ancient  houses  of  this  once  dis- 
tinguished order. 

Mr.  R.  J.  WhitwelPs  paper  on  the  relations; 
between  Italian  bankers  and  the  English  Crown, 
contains  a  tabulated  list  of  advances  of  money 
made  to  the  Court  of  Rome  in  the  early  years  of 
the  thirteenth  century.  We  see  no  reason  for 
thinking  it  exhaustive ;  but  even  as  it  stands,  it 
goes  far  towards  explaining  the  sensitiveness  of 
many  Englishmen  to  the  continued  export  of  money 
to  the  Papal  Court. 

THE  English  Historical  Review  for  the  current 
quarter  contains  an  article  by  Mrs.  Armstrong, 
supporting  by  a  detailed  examination  of  sites  the 
theory  of  Norman  castles  associated  with  the  name 
of  Mr.  J.  H.  Round.  Mr.  Firth  continues  his  valu- 
able examination  of  the  sources  of  Clarendon's 
'  History.'  Prof.  Vinogradoff  writes  a  note  on 
'  Sulong  and  Hide.'  The  reviews  are  rather  briefer 
than  is  usual.  The  first  of  any  length  is  one  by  Mr. 
Figgis  on  Mr.  Carlyle's  '  Political  Theories  of  the 
Middle  Age'— an  interesting  subject.  Air.  J.  A. 
Doyle  criticizes  with  severity,  but  justice,  the  pre- 
sentment of  the  American  War  of  Independence 
by  Sir  George  Trevelyan.  Some  noteworthy  books 
on  Napoleon  are  noticed. 

THE  'Leaf  of  Olive'  is  the  mystical  title  of  a 
subtly  metaphysical  article  which  M.  Maeterlinck 
contributes  to  the  Fortnightly.  Its  gist  is  the  basis 
of  morality  when  that  of  religion  is  removed. 
Many  startling  paradoxes  are  maintained.  Here  is 
one  which  may  be  regarded  as  representative :  "  We 
should  be  better,  nobler,  more  moral,  in  the  midst 
of  a  universe  proved  to  be  without  morality,  but 
conceived  on  an  infinite  scale,  than  in  a  universe 
which  attained  the  perfection  of  the  human  ideal, 
but  which  appeared  to  us  circumscribed  and  devoid 


380 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.          [io<»  s.  i.  MAY  7, 190*. 


of  mystery.  '  Mr.  James  Baker  writes  eulogistici  11 
Concerning  R.  D.  Blackmore.    Mrs.  B.  A.  Crackan 
thorp    is    earnest    in    advancing    'A    Plea    for 
Reformed  Theatre.'    One  of  her  demands  is   th 
abolition  without  compensation  of  the  "  Financ 
Syndicate." — One  of  the  pleasantest  articles  in  th< 
Nineteenth  Century  is  that  of  Mr.  R.  Bosworth  Smith 
upon  'Bird  Life  at  Bingham's  Melcombe.'     Thr 
writer  is  an  observant  naturalist,  and  what  he  ha 
to  say  concerning  rooks,  magpies,  kingfishers,  &c. 
is  of  supreme  interest.    Sir  George  Arthur  writes 
earnestly  and  ably  on  '  Anti-Clericalism  in  France 
and  England,'  and  draws  some  striking  contrasts 
Sir   M.    E.    Grant   Duff    points   out   noteworthy 
things  in  '  Lord  Acton's  Letters.'    It  is  interesting 
to  find  Mr.  Hugh  Arthur  Scott  writing  '  Against  a 
Subsidized    Opera.'     Sir   Michael   Foster   has  an 
important  article    on    '  The    State  and   Scientific 
Research,'  and  Sir  William  Broadbent  a   second 
on  '  Dr.  Maclagan  and  his  Great  Work.'— In  the 
Pall    Mall,    the    cover   of    which    presents    the 
piping  of  Pan,  we  are  given,  under  '  Literary  Geo 
graphy,'  'The  Country  of  George  Meredith,'  which, 
as  it  happens,  is  Box  Hill,  that  of  his  residence.  It  is 
•conceded  that  Meredith  has  in  his  works  no  special 
atmosphere  such  as  that  of  Blackmore.    The  views 
are  those  of  Surrey  slopes  and  ridges.     There  is  also 
a  portrait  of  the  novelist.     A  very  readable  descrip- 
tion, with  illustrations,  of  '  Kilkenny  Castle '  consti- 
tutes an  attractive  feature.     '  The  Etiquette   of 
Visiting  Cards 'copies  many  invitations  from   dis- 
tinguished   folk  to  John   Wilson  Croker,   and    is 
fresh  and  suggestive.     Mr.  Andrew  Lang's  '  Captain 
Pink'  deals  with  an  adventure  in  Jacobite  times. 
Mr.  Max  Beerbohm  has  much  that  is  interesting  to 
say  on  'Whistler's  Writing.'— Though  it  appeared 
originally    as  a  lecture,   Canon   Ainger's   'How  I 
traced    Charles   Lamb    in    Hertfordshire,'  in    the 
'Cornhill,  is  a   model    magazine   article,  and  will 
;be   read   with   delight   by   lovers   of   Lamb.      It 
throws   much   light    upon    "  Elia."     No.    IV.    of 
TLady  Broome's    'Colonial   Memories'   deals  with 
Rodrigues,  and   is    so   far  the    most   interesting. 
No.  V.  of  Mr.  Andrew  Lang's  'Historic  Mysteries' 
describes  the  curious  case  of  Elizabeth  Canning, 
whom,  in  common  with  Fielding,  the  writer  regards 
as  "a  poor,  honest,  simple,  innocent  girl."     Miss 
Betham  -  Edwards  writes  on  '  French  Brides  and 
Bridegrooms.' — To  the  Gentleman's  Mr.  John  Stuart 
sends  a  good  paper  on  'Proverbs.'    What  is  said 
about  "  It 's  a  far    cry  to    Lochow "   is    unfami- 
liar.    Should    not    "Lochow"   be    "Lochawe"? 
'An  Old  Inventory'  has  antiquarian  interest. — In 
'  At  the  Sign  of  the  Ship '  in  Longman's  Mr.  Lang 
concerns     himself    principally    with    books,     and 
discusses  at  some  length  Mr.  Wilkins's  '  Queen  of 
Tears,'  which  he  truly  says  is  as  good  as  a  novel. 


MICHAEL  LLOYD  FERRAR.— MR.  FRANCIS  P. 
MARCHANT  writes: — "The  gentleman  whose  death 
is  mentioned  in  the  following  extract  from  the 
Times  of  26  April  was  an  occasional  contributor  to 
'  N.  &  Q.' :  '  Ferrar— On  23  April,  1904,  suddenly,  at 
Little  Gidding,  Baling,  Michael  Lloyd  Ferrar, 
ex-Scholar  and  B.A.  of  T.C.D.,  Indian  Civil  Service 
(Retired),  third  son  of  the  late  Michael  Lloyd 
Ferrar,  of  Belfast,  aged  sixty-four.  The  funeral 
will  leave  Little  Gidding  to-day  (Tuesday),  26th. 
at  2.30,  for  St.  Matthew's  Church,  Baling  Common, 
for  the  service  at  2.45.'  I  did  not  personally  know 
Mr.  Ferrar,  but  he  corresponded  with  me  over  an 


article  on  the   patriarch   Job,   to  which  he   made 
friendly  allusion  in  '  N.  &  Q.' "  [9th  S.  vii.  190].' 

The  Times  of  30  April   has  the  following  more 
comprehensive  account:— "A  correspondent  writes: 
The  ranks  of  retired  Indian  Civil  servants  have 
lost  a  well-known  and  much  esteemed  member  in 
the  person  of  Mr.  Michael  Lloyd  Ferrar,  who  died 
suddenly  at  his  residence,  Little  Gidding,  Baling 
on  the  23rd  inst.,  at  the  age  of  sixty-four.      Mr. 
Ferrar,  who  was  a  native  of  the  North  of  Ireland 
and  an  ex-Scholar  and  graduate  of  Trinity  College 
Dublin,  entered  the  Indian   Civil  Service  in  1863! 
and  was    appointed  to  Bengal.    After  two  years' 
service    in  that  province    he  was    transferred  to 
Oudh,  where  he  remained  for  nearly  twenty  years 
distinguishing   himself   by  carrying   through    the 
revenue  settlement  of  the  Sitapur  district.    Some 
time   after  the  amalgamation  of   Oudh   with  the 
North- Western  Provinces,   Mr.  Ferrar  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  latter,  where  in  1891   he  became  the 
first  Commissioner  of  the  Gorakhpur  Division.  He 
held  this  high  office  until  his  retirement  in  1896, 
and  during  his  tenure   of  it  was  called  upon  to 
display  courage  and  judgment  in  dealing  with  the 
'cow-killing'  disturbances  in  1893.     The  Commis- 
sioner's presence  at   Azamgarh  gave   the  needful 
support  to  the  youthful  and  inexperienced    local 
officers,  and  the  three  European  officials  who  had 
to  face  the  crisis  were  able  to  report,  after  a  few 
anxious    days,   that   the    danger   was  past.     Mr. 
Ferrar,    who    was    a   member  of    the   family    of 
Nicholas    Ferrar,    the    well-known    seventeenth- 
century  divine,  was  a  man  of  exceptionally  amiable 
disposition,    popular  among  both   Europeans  and 
natives.    He  was  especially  beloved  by  the  native 
gentry,  as  he  belonged  to  that  school  of  officials 
whose  sympathies  are  given  most  actively  to  the 
aristocratic  classes.    But  to  all  classes  he  was  kind, 
ust,  and  generous." 

Ijtoiitta  10  C0ms£0:ttal8» 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
lotices : — 

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aid  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
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10*  s.  i.  MAY  7, 1904.]          NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

"  The  Gardeners'  Chronicle  has  faithfully  held  to  its  promises.  It  is  still,  to-day,  the  best  gardening 
journal,  being  indispensable  equally  to  the  practical  gardener  and  the  man  of  science,  because  each 
finds  in  it  something  useful.  We  wish  the  journal  still  further  success." — Garten  Flora,  Berlin,  Jan.  15. 

"The  Gardeners'  Chronicle  is  the  leading  horticultural  journal  of  the  world,  and  an  historical 
publication.  It  has  always  excited  our  respectful  admiration.  A  country  is  honoured  by  the  possession 
of  such  a  publication,  and  the  greatest  honour  we  can  aspire  to  is  to  furnish  our  own  country  with  a 
journal  as  admirably  conducted." — La  Semaine  Horticole,  Feb.  13,  1897. 

"The  Gardeners'  Chronicle  is  the  most  important  horticultural  journal  in  the  world,  and  the  most 
generally  acknowledged  authority." — Le  Moniteur  d' Horticulture,  Sept.,  1898. 


The    Oldest   Horticultural   Newspaper. 

THE 


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CHRONICLE. 


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io*  s.  i.  MAY  u,  low.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


381 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  UAl'  U,  1901.. 


CONTENTS. -No.  20. 

ROTES  :— Carlo  Buffone  in  '  Every  Man  out  of  his  Humour,' 
381— Proverbs  in  the  Waverley  Novels,  383— The  Premier 
Grenadier  of  France,  38i— Hockey — Russian  Men-of-War, 
385  —  "  Peridote,"  386  —  Alexander  Pennecuik,  Gent.  — 
Jowettand  Whe well— Thieves'  Slang  :  "  Joe  Gurr  "— "  The 
present  century,"  3S6 — Walney  Island  Names,  387. 

QUERIES:  — The  Turin  National  Library  —  " Ashes  to 
ashes,"  3S7 — Authorship  of  Lines — "Run  of  his  teeth" — 
'The  Bailiff's  Daughter  of  Islington'  —  Coffin  House— 
Easter  Sunday  in  1512— Iberian  Inscriptions  in  Hibernia 
—  Armstrong  Gun  —  Martyrdom  of  St.  Thomas,  388  — 
Bradley,  co.  Southampton  :  Clark  Family— Huntington  : 
Courteney  :  Hone  —  Bristow  on  Eugene  Aram  —  Oldest 
Military  Officer — "  Humanum  est  errare,"  389. 

REPLIES  :— American  Loyalists — Easter  Day  by  the  Julian 
Reckoning,  390  —Kentish  Custom  on  Easter  Day— Hugo's 
'Les  Abeilles  Imperiales' — River  Divided,  391 — Jacobite 
Wineglasses — "Our  Lady  of  the  Snows,"  392  —  Reade — 
"Stat  crux  dum  volvitur  orbis,"  393  —  Derivation  of 
"Bridge"  —  Flesh  and  Shamble  Meats  —  "  Scole  Inn," 
Norfolk  —  Damage  to  Corn,  394  —  Boer  War  of  1881  — 
Moon  Folk-lore— Disguised  Murderer  in  Folk-lore — Step- 
brother, 395 — German  Prophecy — "  Monkey  on  the  chim- 
ney"— Genealogy:  New  Sources—" A  past" — Antiquary 
v.  Antiquarian — Fettiplace,  396— Leche  Family — Legend 
of  the  Council  of  Constance— Periodicals  for  Women — 
Indian  Sport,  397— Collins— Easter  Sepulchre,  398. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :—' Great  Masters '—' The  English 
Catalogue  of  Books  ' — Rogers's  '  Reminiscences  and  Table 
Talk ' — '  Some  Letters  of  St.  Bernard ' — Foat's  '  Semato- 
graphy  of  the  Greek  Papyri' — 'Burlington  Magazine' — 
'Quarterly'  and  'Edinburgh' — Henry  Vaughan's  Poems 
— Bell's  "  Miniature  Series  of  Musicians." 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


CARLO  BUFFONE  IN  'EVERY  MAN  OUT 
OF  HIS  HUMOUR; 

I  HAVE  a  few  words  to  say  still  about  the 
Jonson-Marston  war.  Gifford,  followed  by 
Fleay,  Penniman,  and  other  critics,  maintains 
that  Carlo  Buffone  is  Marston.  Fleay  says 
he  "  thought  that  if  anything  was  settled  in 
criticism  it  was  the  identity  of  Crispinus 
['  Poetaster ']  and  Carlo  Buffone  with 
Marston."  With  the  latter  part  of  this  con- 
clusion I  disagree  entirely,  after  much  study 
of  the  subject. 

I  will  first,  as  briefly  as  possible,  show 
why  Carlo  was  supposed  to  be  Marston ; 
secondly,  why  he  is  not  Marston ;  and  thirdly, 
who  he  probably  really  is. 

Gifford  says  in  a  note  to  the  words 
(addressed  to  Carlo):  "And  how  dost  thou, 
thou  grand  scourge,  or  second  untmisse  of  the 
time  ?""— 

"  The  allusion  is  here  to  Marston,  whose  satires 
called  the  '  Scourge  of  Villanie,'  in  three  books, 
were  printed  in  the  year  before  the  first  edition  of 
this  comedy,  1599." 

The  passage  is  in  '  Every  Man  out  of  his 
Humour,' II.  i.  (Cunningham's  'Gifford,'  86 a). 
Gifford  prints  "  Grand  Scourge,"  <tc.,  in  italics 


and  with  liberal  (four)  capital  letters.  In  the 
folios  untrusse  is  merely  in  italics.  When 
Gifford's  italics  and  capitals  are  removed  the 
allusion  to  Marston  becomes  quite  shadowy. 
"Scourge,"  I  take  it,  refers  simply  to  Carlo, 
as  he  is  introduced  to  us  at  the  end  of  the 
"  Induction,"  and  before  in  the  "  Character  of 
the  Persons  "  : — 

"An  impudent  common    jester,  a  violent  railer 

will  transform  any  person  into  deformity 

His  religion  is  railing,  and  his  discourse  ribaldry." 

The  expression  is  more  suitable  to  Carlo 
than  to  Marston's  poem  against  "  villany." 
As  for  "  second  untruss  of  the  time,"  if  it 
refers  to  a  literary  product,  which  is  doubtful, 
it  should  refer  to  Antony  Munday,  since 
Nashe  tells  us  he  wrote  "  a  ballet  of  Untruss  " 
(circa  1592).  See  Grosart's  '  Nashe,'  i.  Ixii. 

Nashe    speaks    of     "a    treatise     of ye 

exployts  of  Untrusse  "in  '  Pierce  Penilesse  ' 
(ii.  12),  which  is  duly  referred  to  by  Harvey. 
And  as  Marston  does  not  identify  his 
writings  anywhere  (to  my  knowledge)  with 
the  term  "  untruss ''  before  this  date,  this 
allusion  seems  to  me  unlikely.  He  uses  the 
word  later:  "WhipU  that's  good,  i'  faith! 
untrusse  me,"  'Eastward  Ho,'  I.  i.  (1604),  a 
play  partly  by  Jonson.  Hall's  'Virgide- 
marium '  preceded  Marston. 

The  next  argument  (?)  is  that  certain  words 
used  by  Carlo  (V.  iv.)— "gigantomachized," 
"grumbledories,"  &c.  ("strummel-patched" 
is  a  misreading  of  Gifford's,  from  folio  text) 
— "are  in  imitation  of  Marston's  language." 
None  of  these  words  are  in  Marston,  so  this 
evidence,  given  by  Penniman,  is  of  no  value. 

It  is  advanced  by  Penniman  that  Marston 
attacked  Ben  Jonson  as  "Torquatus  "  in  his 
'Scourge,' and  that  therefore  Ben  retaliates 
upon  him  as  Carlo  Buffone.  But  I  think  I 
have  proved  that  Torquatus  has  nothing  to 
do  with  Ben,  but  refers  without  a  doubt  to 
Gabriel  Harvey.  This  erroneous  supposition 
being  removed,  the  main  prop  of  the  Carlo- 
Marston  identification  falls  to  pieces.  There 
is  no  proof  that  there  was  any  enmity  be- 
tween Marston  and  Ben  at  the  date  of  '  Every 
Man  out  of  his  Humour.1  Even  if  Carlo  did 
indulge  in  a  sneer  at  Marston  in  the  above 
passage,  that  is  very  far  from  identifying  the 
two  characters.  There  is  no  doubt,  however, 
that  Clove,  in  III.  i.  (99b),  indulges  in  some 
tun  at  Marston's  expense— legitimate  criticism 
of  his  bombastic  language.  He  refers  to 
'  Histriomastix,'  a  play  of  Elizabeth's  time, 
and,  from  this  reference,  acted  in  or  before 
1599.  It  was  not  printed  till  1610,  and  in  its 
printed  form  Marston's  hand  is  obvious  when 

was  a  remodelled  play.  See  Simpson's 
'  School  of  Shakespeare. '  There  is  no  reason 


382 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io<»  s.  i.  MAY  u,  im. 


to  suppose  Marston  had  any  hand  in  the 
original  play.  In  the  added  bits  there  are 
undoubtedly  what  appear  to  be  gibes  ("trans- 
lating Scholler,"  &c.)  at  Ben.  This  sneer  at 
Ben  would  not  be  appropriate  till  later  than 
'Every  Man  in  his  Humour.'  The  words 
selected  for  ridicule  by  Clove  do  not  come 
from  '  Histriomastix,'  with  any  exception  of 
importance,  except  "paunch  of  Esquiline," 
but  "Port  Esquiline  "  is  referred  to  by  Spenser 
and  by  Hall  earlier.  The  uncouth  terms 
pilloried  by  Clove  come  from  the  'Scourge 
of  Villany.' 

If  any  one  is  identifiable  with  Marston, 
therefore,  it  is  Clove.  Clove  is  an  absolute 
nonentity,  a  mere  peg  upon  which  to  hang 
this  good-humoured  rebuke  to  Marston  for 
his  pedantic  language.  Clove  makes  reference 
to  other  empirics  in  the  tongue  besides 
Marston.  Clove,  in  fact,  began  the  paper 
war,  and  it  is  likely  that  Marston's  first 
retort  was  in  his  additions  to  '  Histriomastix'; 
but  with  this  question,  which  is  all  vague,  I 
have  dealt  already. 

It  seems  to  me  an  outrageous  thing  to 
identify  Marston  with  Carlo  Buffone.  As 
Penniman  says,  it  is  indeed  "  a  severe 
arraignment."  Carlo  is  an  abominable  cha- 
racter, a  cur  who  has  not  the  pluck  to  defend 
himself  when  Sir  Puntarvolo  strikes  him 
and  seals  up  his  mouth  with  "  hard  wax  "  in 
a  notable  scene  in  the  fifth  act.  Marston 
was  quite  famous  as  a  poet  from  his 
'  Pygmalion '  and  his  '  Scourge.'  There  is  not 
a  trace  of  the  literary  vein  in  Carlo.  Com- 
pare Carlo  with  Crispinus  in  the  '  Poetaster,' 
who  is  undoubtedly  Marston,  and  how  can 
any  one  suppose  them  to  represent  the  same 
person  ?  Crispinus  is  an  affected  versifier,  a 
spewer-up  of  terrible  words,  a  harmless, 
toadying  courtier — in  fact,  rather  a  pleasant 
if  silly  person.  We  know  nothing  against 
Marston  except  that  he  and  Ben  quarrelled  ; 
that  his  language  was  very  gross,  in  common 
with  that  of  numerous  of  his  contemporaries  ; 
and  that  his  muse  walked  upon  phraseo- 
logical stilts  in  a  manner  that  roused  the 
wrath  of  Ben,  the  Crites  of  the  stage. 

I  observe  that  Mr.  Bullen,  Marston's  last 
editor,  does  not  assimilate  the  identification 
of  Carlo  with  his  author.  He  barely  refers 
to  it. 

The  question  remains,  Who  was  intended 
to  be  represented  by  Carlo  Buffone  1  There 
are  undoubted  personal  allusions,  as  in  the 
drinking  bout  (borrowed,  apparently,  from  a 
German  custom)  in  Act  V.,  and  his  gluttony, 
there  and  elsewhere  referred  to;  and  in 
IV.  vi.,  "  Carlo  comes  not  to  Court  indeed  " 
is  surely  a  personal  reference  to  one  who 


had  been  forbidden  the  presence  for  some 
misbehaviour. 

Nares  quotes  from  'Aubrey  Papers,'  p.  514, 
that  Carlo  Buffone  is  said  to  have  been 
intended  for  one  Charles  Chester,  "a  bold 
impertinent— a  perpetual  talker,  who  made  a 
noise  like  a  drum  in  a  room."  There  are  various 
opinions  as  to  the  weight  to  be  attached 
to  the  statements  of  the  Oxford  antiquary 
(who  wrote  in  Charles  II. 's  reign)  on  account 
of  his  over-credulousness.  But  he  certainly 
picked  up  this  legend,  and  I  am  able  to  add 
likelihood  to  it  by  certain  references  to  this 
individual  which  I  have  not  seen  anywhere 
adduced.  I  would  dismiss  at  once  Collier's 
supposed  allusion  to  Charles  Chester  in 
Nash's  '  Pierce  Penilesse '  at  p.  38  in  Collier's 
edition  (Shakespeare  Society,  1842,  note  p.  99). 
I  wrote  "  bosh  "  against  that  note  many  years 
ago,  and  I  hold  the  same  opinion  still. ' 

Charles  Chester  was  quite  a  notable  person. 
In  '  An  Apology  for  the  Metamorphosis  of 
Ajax'  (Chiswick,  folio  50),  1596,  Sir  T. 
Harington  says  : — 

"You  know  the  book  well  enough Out  upon 

it,  have  you  put  it  in  print  ?  did  not  I  tell  you  then, 
Charles  Chester  and  two  or  three  such  scoffing 
fellows  would  laugh  at  you  for  it?" 

And  the  same  writer,  in  'A  Treatise  on 
Playe'  ('Nugse  Antiquse,'  ii.  180,  ed.  1779), 
circa  1600,  says  : — 

"Now  yf  the  yrreverent  Doctor  Fawstus,  or 

some  such  grave  patron  of  great  play,  should 

with  some  Chester-like  elloquens,  deride  the  weak- 
nes  of  the  conceyt,"  &c. 

E.  Guilpin  says  in  the  '  Preludium  '  to  his 
'  Satyra  Prima'  (' Skialetheia,'  rept.,  p.  27). 
1598:— 

the  Satyre  hath  a  nobler  vaine  : 
He 's  the  strappado,  rack,  and  some  such  paine 
To  base  lewd  vice  :  the  Epigram's  Bridewell, 
Some  whipping  cheere  ;  but  this  is  follies  hell. 
The  Epigram's  like  dwarfe  Kings  scurrill  grace, 
A  Satyre's  Chester  to  a  painted  face  : 
It  is  the  bone-ach  unto  lechery... 
It  is  the  scourge,  the  Tamberlaine  of  vice. 

The  use  of  the  word  "scourge"  may  be 
noticed  here.  King  is,  no  doubt,  "  little 
Numps,"  Humphrey  King,  to  whom  Nashe 
dedicated  his  '  Lenten  Stuffe,'  and  who  was 
a  bit  of  a  writer  himself. 

Guilpin  mentions   Chester    again    in    his 
'  Satyra  Secunda '  (p.  35)  :— 
Then,  what 's  a  wench  but  a  quirke,  quidlit  case, 
Which  makes  a  painter's  pallat  of  her  face  ? 
Or  would  not  Chester  sweareher  downe  that  shee 
Lookt  like  an  Elench,  logicke  sophistrie  ? 

Dekker  refers  to  some  of  these  charac- 
teristics of  Charles  Chester  under  the  name 
of  Carlo  Buffone  ;  at  least,  that  is  the  sense 
I  put  upon  the  following  passage  in  his 
'  Satiromastix '  (Pearson,  p.  263) :— 


io»  s.i.  MAY  14, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


383 


"  When  you  sup  in  Tavernes,  amongst  your 
betters,  you  shall  sweare  not  to  dippe  your  manners 
in  too  much  sawce,  nor  at  Table  to  fling  Epigrams, 

Embleames,    or  Play-speeches  about  you upon 

payne  to  sit  at  the  upper  end  of  the  Table,  a'  th' 
left  hand  of  Carlo  Buffon  "  (addressed  to  Tucca). 

From  a  passage  in  Jasper  Mayne's  'To 
the  Memory  of  Ben  Jonson'  ('Jonsonus 
Virbius ')  it  would  appear  to  have  been 
affirmed  that  Jonson  had  a  real  cause  of 
anger  with  the  person  intended  by  Carlo  : — 

Some say  thy  wit  lay  in  thy  gall : 

That  thou  didst  quarrel  first,  and  then,  in  spite, 
Didst  'gainst  a  person  of  such  vices  write  : 
That  'twas  revenge,  not  truth  :  that  on  the  stage 
Carlo  was  not  presented,  but  thy  rage. 

Finally,  the  name  Carlo  Buffone  is,  in 
accordance  with  Ben  Jonson's  custom  of 
imparting  names  to  his  characters  of  some 
fitting  signification  with  reference  to  their 
dominant  characteristics  or  positions  in  life, 
a  cogent  argument  in  favour  of  the  Charles 
Chester  identification.  For  what  is  Carlo 
Buffoon  but  Charles  the  jester,  i.e.,  Charles 
Chester  ?  The  opening  description  of  Carlo 
is  "  A  public,  scurrilous,  and  prophane  jester" 
(Dram.  Pers.) ;  and  at  his  first  appearance 
he  is  "  Carlo  Buffone,  an  impudent  common 
jester."  The  thin  pun  of  Chester  and  jester 
is  altogether  in  Ben's  style  (and  in  the  style 
of  another  who  shall  be  nameless). 

Any  further  references  to  Charles  Chester 
would  be  of  interest.  He  probably  dis- 
appeared with  Elizabeth's  reign,  since  he 
does  not  figure  in  the  gossiping  accounts  of 
James  I.'s  days.  Perhaps  '  Every  Man  out  of 
his  Humour'  killed  him. 

If  the  reference  to  the  earlier  stages  of  the 
quarrel  between  Ben  and  Marston  just  given 
be  slight,  or  even  perhaps  faulty,  the  neces- 
sary brevity  of  this  article  must  be  my  excuse. 
It  is  not  the  point  at  issue.  And  to  deal 
with  that  tedious  subject  would  require  an 
analysis  of  a  number  of  plays  (' Histriomastix,' 
'  Pasquil  and  Katherine,'  '  Patient  Grissel,' 
&c.),  which  has  been  ably  done  by  Penniman. 

In  conclusion,  I  have  to  thank  Mr.  Moore 
Smith  for  kindly  furnishing  me  with  a  quo- 
tation from  Harvey's  'Letter-Book  ' (Camden 
Soc.,  p.  110),  from  which  it  appears  that  his 
Angelica  is  a  loan  from  Aretine,  who  was 
much  read  by  Harvey. 

I  have  further  to  thank  the  same  corre- 
spondent for  the  correction  of  an  error  in  my 
paper  at  9th  S.  xi.  345,  where  I  referred  a 
passage  about  Pedantius  to  Nashe's  'Strange 
Xews.'  The  reference  should  be  to  his  '  Have 
with  you  to  Saffron  Walden'  (Gros.  iii.  pp.  117- 
118).  The  reference  to  Pedantius  in  '  Strange 
News '  (p.  244)  states  that  Harvey's  muse  was 
"  miserably  flouted  at  "  in  that  comedy. 


With  regard  to  the  mysterious  Constan- 
tinople allusions,  referred  to  above,  Nashe- 
may  be  again  referred  to  in  his  '  Pierce  Peni- 
lesse '  (Grosart's  '  Nashe,'  ii.  27).  Harvey  may 
have  contemplated  a  journey  there,  or  been 
associated  with  some  one  in  the  production 
of  a  "legend  of  lyes  of  his  travailes  into 
Constantinople."  H.  C.  HART. 


LOCAL  AND  PERSONAL  PROVERBS  IN  THE 
WAVERLEY  NOVELS. 

I  HAVE  made  a  collection  of  the  proverbs- 
and  proverbial  sayings  used  by  Scott  in  his 
romances,  limiting  myself  to  those  of  a  local 
or  personal  nature.  Although  I  have  com- 
piled this  list  very  carefully,  I  cannot  flatter 
myself  that  it  is  absolutely  complete  ;  but  I 
think  it  must  be  nearly  so.  I  presume  that 
most  of  these  proverbs  and  proverbial  sayings- 
are  quoted  by  Sir  Walter,  but  I  think  he  may 
have  invented  some  —  e.g.,  that  concerning: 
"the  Laird  o'  Hotchpotch's  lands,"  in  'The 
Bride  of  Lammermoor'  ;  "  John-a-Duck's 
mare,"  in  'Ivanhoe';  and  "the  piper  of  Sligo," 
in  '  Woodstock.'  But  it  is  quite  possible  that 
these  are  quoted  also,  although  the  source 
may  be  difficult  to  trace.  When  a  proverbial 
saying  occurs  more  than  once  I  have  noted 
each  instance.  Your  readers  will  observe  how- 
many  of  the  popular  sayings  used  by  Scott 
refer  to  the  Highlands  and  Highlanders. 

Some  of  the  sayings  I  have  noted  may 
possibly  come  under  the  head  of  simple 
phrases  or  "ower-words,"  rather  than  pro- 
verbs, such  as  William  Morris's  "  Hah  !  hah  T 
la  belle  jaune  giroflee,"  and  "Ah  !  qu'elle  est 
belle  La  Marguerite  !  "  or,  to  take  a  less 
dignified  example,  Lai  Dinah  Grayson's 
"comical  [i.e.  pert]  ower-  word,"  "m'appen  I 
may,"  in  Dr.  A.  C.  Gibson's  Cumberland 
song  entitled  'Lai  Dinah  Grayson.'  But  if  I 
have  erred  in  including  some  popular  phrases- 
as  well  as  real  proverbs  and  proverbial  say- 
ings, I  hope  I  shall  be  forgiven,  as  a  list  of^ 
this  kind  had  better  be  too  copious  than  toc^ 
meagre. 


A  Dutch  concert.  —  Chap.  xi. 

Blow  for  blow,  as  Conan  said  to  the  devil.  —  xxii.,. 
xxvii.,  xlii. 

Laissez  faire  b.  Don  Antoine.—  xxvii.  (Qy.  quoted 
from  some  drama  ?) 

Mac  Farlane's  buat,  i.e.,  lantern  (the  moon).— 
xxxviii. 

A  St.  Johnstone's  tippet,  i.e.,  a  halter  (not  for 
horses).  —  xxxix.  ;  also  'Old  Mortality,'  vii.  (Com- 
pare  "  a  Tyburn  tippet,"  '  Kenilworth,'  iii.) 

Mar  e  Bran  is  e  a  brathair,  If  it  be  not  Bran  it  is 
Bran's  brother.—  xlv.  (Bran,  Fingal's  dog.) 

It's  ill  taking  the  breeks  off  a  Highlandman.  — 
xlviii.  (See  also  '  Rob  Roy,'  xxvii.  ;  and  '  The  For- 
tunes of  Nigel,'  v.) 


384 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  MAY  u,  im. 


Duncan  MacGirdie's  mare.— liv.    (See  EvanMac- 
•eombich's  application  of  this  phrase.) 
Guy  Mannering. 

Downright  Dunstable.— Chap,  xvi.  (Also  in  '  Red- 
gauntlet,'  xvii.) 

A  gentleman  who  was  much  disposed  to  escape 
from  Coventry.  — xxxii.  (See  'St.  Ronan's  Well,'  xii.; 

He'll  be  a  Teviotdale  tup  tat  ane,  tat's  for  keeping 
ta  crown  o'  ta  causeway  tat  gate. — xxxvi. 

You  're   right,    Dandle  —  spoke    like  a  Hieland 
oracle.— 1.     (Also  in  '  Old  Mortality,'  xliv.) 
The  Antiquary. 

For  Aiken  was  ane  o'  the  kale-suppers  o'  Fife.— 
Chap.  iv. 

I  canna  take  mair  [care]  if  his  hair  were  like 
£that  is,  as  white  as]  John  Harlowe's. — viii. 

A  Highland  heart. — ix. 

It's  written  like  John  Thomson's  wallet,  frae  end 
1x>  end. — xv. 

Have  we  got  Hiren  here?  We 'II  have  no  swag- 
;gering,  youngsters.— xix.  (See  '  2  Henry  IV.,'  ii.  iv., 
twice.) 

Ye  wot  weel  1  sought  nane  and  gat  nane,  like 
Michael  Scott's  man. — xxviii. 

The  deil  gaed  o'er  Jock  Wabster. — xxix.  (Also 
in  '  Rob  Roy,'  xiv.  and  xxvi.) 

Highland  bail.— xxix. 

It's  just  a  Kelso  convoy,  a  step  and  a  half  ower 
"the  door-stane. — xxx. 

He  that  will  to  Cupar  maun  to  Cupar.— xlii.  (See 
'The  Bride  of  Lammermoor,'  xviii.,  and  '  Rob  Roy,' 
xxviii.) 

Old  Mortality. 

Saint  Johnstone's  tippet.  —  Chap.  vii.  (See 
*  Waverley,'  xxxix.) 

It  's  ill  sitting  at  Rome  and  striving  wi'  the 
Pope. — viii. 

You  have  been  reading  Geneva  print  this  morning 
already.  — xi.  (See  also  '  Redgauntlet,' chap,  [not 
Letter]  xiii. — "  Geneva  text.") 

D'  ye  think  I  am  to  be  John  Tamson's  man,  and 
maistered  by  woman  a'  the  days  o'  my  life? — xxx  viii. 

Lady  Margaret,  ye  speak  like  a  Highland  oracle. 
— xliv.    (See 'Guy  Mannering,' 1.) 
Rob  Roy. 

The  deil's  ower  Jock  Wabster.— Chap.  xiv.  and 
xxvi.  (See  'The  Antiquary,'  xxix.) 

He 's  like  Giles  Heathertap's  auld  boar — ye  need 
but  shake  a  clout  at  him  to  mak  him  turn  and 
gore.— xxi. 

Ye'll  cool  and  come  to  yoursell,  like  Mac-Gibbon's 
•crowdy  when  he  set  it  out  at  the  window-bole.— 

XXV. 

He  has  a  kind  o'  Hieland  honesty— he 's  honest 
.-ter  a  sort,  as  they  say. — xxvi. 

A  Hieland  plea. — xxvi. 

As  plain  as  Peter  Pasley's  pike-staff. — xxvi. 

The  truth  is  that  Rob  is  for  his  ain  hand,  as 
Henry  Wyrid  feught— he  '11  take  the  side  that  suits 
him  best.— xxvi. 

It's  ill  taking  the  breeks  aff  a  Hielandman. — 
xxvii.  (See  also  '  Waverley,'  xlviii.,  and  '  The 
Fortunes  of  Nigel,'  v.) 

Forth  [the  river]  bridles  the  wild  Highlandman. 
— xxviii.  (See  '  The  Bride  of  Lammermoor,' xii.) 

A  wilfu'  man  will  hae  his  way— them  that  will  to 
•€upar  maun  to  Cupar.— xxviii.  (See  'The  Anti- 
quary,' xlii.,  and  'The  Bride  of  Lammermoor,' 
xviii.) 

It's  a  far  cry  to  Lochow.— xxix.  (See  'The  Legend 
of  Montrose,'  xii.) 


It's  a  bauld  moon,  quoth  Bennygask — another 
pint,  quoth  Lesley. — xxix. 

Sic  grewsome  wishes that  they  suld  dee  the 

death  of  Walter  Cuming  of  Guiyock. — xxx.  (A 
foot-note  states  that  "the  expression,  Walter  of 
Guiyock's  curse,  is  proverbial.") 

They  '11  keep  a  Hielandman's  word  wi'  us — I  never 
kend  them  better— it  's  ill  drawing  boots  upon 
trews. — xxxii. 

A  Jeddart  [Jedburgh]  cast  :  i.e.,  a  legal  trial 
after  punishment.— xxxvi.  (See  '  The  Fair  Maid  of 
Perth,'  xxxii.) 

The  Heart  of  Mid-Lothian. 

But  he  's  as  gleg  [sharp]  as  Mac  Keachan's  elshin 
[awl]  that  ran  through  sax  plies  of  bend-leather 
[six  folds  of  thick  sole-leather],  and  half  an  inch 
into  the  king's  heel. — xvii. 

Bark,Bawtie,  and  be  dune  wi't. — xviii.  Bawtie  is 
the  name  of  a  dog  (see  'Waverley,'  xxxvi.,  spelt 
"  Bawty  "),  but  Meg  Murdockson  uses  the  saying  in 
a  personal  sense. 

Why,  when  it 's  clean  without  them  [bad  com- 
pany] I  '11  thatch  Groby  pool  wi'  pancakes. — xxix. 

They  hold  together  no  better  than  the  men  of 
Marsham  when  they  lost  their  common. — xxix. 

Grantham  gruel,  nine  grots  and  a  gallon  of  water. 
— xxix. 

The  same  again,  quoth  Mark  of  Bellgrave. — xxix. 

Leap,  Lawrence,  you  're  long  enough. — xxix. 

Dutch  courage. — xxx.  (See  '  Redgauntlet,'  xv., 
and  '  Woodstock,'  xii.) 

She's  as  fast  asleep  as  if  she  were  in  Bedford- 
shire.— xxx. 

The  land  of  Nod. — xxx. 

I  will  be  sworn  she  was  not  born  at  Witt-ham. 
— xxxii.  Note  :  A  proverbial  and  punning  expres- 
sion in  that  county  [Lincolnshire],  to  intimate 
that  a  person  is  not  very  clever. 

A  Leicester  plover,  i.e.,  a  bag-pudding. — xxxiii. 

Een  [eyes]  like  a  blue  huntin'  hawk's,  which  gaed 
throu'  and  throu'  me  like  a  Hieland  durk. — xxxix. 
(Hardly  a  proverb  perhaps.) 

It  is  our  Highland  privilege  to  take  from  all  what 
we.  want,  and  to  give  to  all  what  they  want. — 
xxxix. 

If  Skiddaw  hath  a  cap, 
Criffel  wots  full  weel  of  that. — xl. 
[See  Wordsworth's  '  Poems,'  ed.  1858,  iii.  240.   Note, 
with  a  quotation  from  Drayton  referring  to  Skiddaw 
and  Scruffel,  i.e.,  Criffel.) 

I  was  like  the  Mayor  of  Altrincham,  who  lies  in 
bed  whilst  his  breeches  are  mending. — xiv. 

The  Bride  of  Lammermoor. 

The  things  are  a'  lying  here  awa,  there  awa,  like 
the  Laird  o'  Hotchpotch's  lands.— xi. 

He  that  will  to  Cupar  maun  to  Cupar.— xviii. 
See  '  Rob  Roy,'  xxviii.,  and  '  The  Antiquary,'  xlii.) 

The  Legend  of  Montrose. 
It    is   a   far    cry    to    Lochow. — xii. 
See  also  'Rob  Roy,'  xxix.) 

JONATHAN  BOUCHIER. 
Ropley,  Alresford,  Hants. 

(To  be  continued.) 


and 


THE  PREMIER  GRENADIER  OF  FRANCE.— It  is 
well  known  that,  although  descended  from  one 
of  the  most  distinguished  families  of  France, 
La  Tour  d'Auvergne  persisted  to  the  last  in 


io*s.  i.  MAT  14, 19M.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


385 


carrying  a  musket  in  the  ranks  of  the  Repub- 
lican army.  Never  attaining  any  higher 
grade,  nor  known  by  any  other  title,  than 
that  of  "Premier  Grenadier  de  la  France/' 
conferred  upon  him  by  the  great  Napoleon 
himself,  he  lived  among  his  comrades  the  life 
of  a  simple  soldier,  fell  fighting,  and  was 
buried  on  the  field  of  battle  with  his  face  to 
the  enemy.  The  following  particulars  of  the 
recent  burial  of  the  heart  of  the  hero,  from 
the  Daily  Telegraph,  30  March,  deserve,  I 
venture  to  think,  preservation  in  'N.  &  Q.': — 
"  To-day  the  heart  of  a  hero  of  the  Army  of  the 
Revolution,  namely,  Theophile  Malo  Corret  de  la 
Tour  d'Auvergne,  called  the  First  Grenadier  of 
France,  was  deposited  with  great  military  pomp 
and  ceremony  in  the  Hotel  des  Invalides.  The 
heart,  long  in  the  possession  of  the  warrior's  family, 
has  been  presented  to  the  nation  by  one  of  De  la 
Tour  d'Auvergne's  descendants,  Col.  du  Pontayice 
de  Heussey,  formerly  French  military  attach^  in 
London,  and  now  commanding  the  Fourth  Regiment 
of  Artillery  at  Grenoble.  The  colonel  and  his  brother 
came  up  from  Grenoble  this  morning,  having  with 
them  the  heart  enclosed  in  an  urn.  They  were 
received  at  the  Gare  de  Lyon  by  various  officers, 
and  towards  nine  o'clock  the  urn  was  placed  on  a 
sort  of  stretcher,  with  it  being  the  sabre  of  the 
famous  soldier  and  a  facsimile  of  the  flag  of  his 
regiment,  which  had  been  made  and  embroidered 
by  the  wives  of  the  officers  of  the  46th  Infantry 
Corps,  called  that  of  La  Tour  d'Auvergne.  The 
stretcher  was  borne  by  non-commissioned  officers, 
and  outside  the  station  an  old-fashioned  ceremony 
was  carried  out.  Troops  presented  arms,  and  then 
the  colonel  of  the  46th  called  aloud,  in  muster 
parade  style,  'La  Tour  d'Auvergne.'  The  tradi- 
tional reply  was  given  by  the  senior  sergeant,  who, 
stepping  out  of  the  ranks,  saluted,  and  said  :  '  Mort 
au  champ  d'honneur,'  whereupon  martial  and 
patriotic  bosoms  vibrated  with  emotion.  This 
ceremony  was  repeated  twice  at  the  Invalides, 
whither  the  urn  was  carried  along  the  quays. 
Around  and  inside  the  Hotel  des  Invalides  an 
imposing  force  was  drawn  up.  Waiting  there  were 
President  Loubet,  General  Andre,  War  Minister, 
the  Military  Governor  of  Paris,  the  Grand  Chan- 
cellor of  the  Legion  of  Honour,  and  a  brilliant  staff 
of  officers.  On  the  arrival  of  the  urn  and  the  escort 
a  procession  was  formed.  This,  headed  by  the  Pre- 
sident of  the  Republic,  went  slowly  through  the 
Church  of  the  Invalides,  where  there  was  a  guard 
of  pensioners,  the  organ  pealing  forth  a  solemn 
march.  Finally  the  urn  was  placed  by  a  non-com- 
missioned officer  near  the  tomb  of  Turenue.  The 
War  Minister  made  a  short  speech  about  the  First 
Grenadier,  who  was  killed  at  Oberhausen,  in 
Bavaria,  in  June,  1800,  while  in  the  army  of  the 
Rhine.  Then  President  Loubet  thanked  Col.  du 
Pontavice  de  Heussey,  and  the  ceremony  con- 
cluded. The  Hotel  des  Invalides  possesses,  besides 
the  remains  of  Napoleon  I.  and  of  several  great 
soldiers  of  France,  the  hearts  of  some  other  historic 
celebrities.  These  are  Vauban,  the  military 
engineer  and  marshal,  famous  for  his  fortifications  ; 
General  Kleber,  who  was  killed  in  Egypt  in  June, 
1800 ;  and  Mile,  de  Sombreuil,  who  saved  her 
father,  a  Governor  of  the  Invalides,  from  the  fury 
of  the  Terrorists.  To  the  enshrined  heart?  of  these 


is  now  added  that  of  De  la  Tour  d'Auvergne,  '  who 
died  on  the  field  of  honour.' " 

HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 
119,  Elms  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 

The  Homing   Post  of  Maundy  Thursday 

five  an  account  of  the  presentation  to  the 
rench  nation  of  the  urn  containing  the  heart 
of  La  Tour  d'Auvergne.  It  is  probable  that 
there  are  not  many  of  your  younger  readers 
who  ever  read  a  poem  relating  to  him,  called 
'  Le  Premier  Grenadier  des  Armees  de  la 
Republique.'  It  was  written  by  J.  E. 
Inman,  author  of  'Sir  Orfeo,'  but  not 
published  until  after  his  death,  when  it 
appeared  in  La  Belle  Assemble  for  September, 
1844.  Inman's  verse,  I  have  understood,  was 
highly  thought  of  by  Rogers.  The  poem  I 
mention  would,  I  have  no  doubt,  be  appre- 
ciated in  France — if,  indeed,  it  has  not  been 
made  known  there  already; 

EDWARD  PEACOCK. 
Wickentree  House,  Kirton-in-Lindsey. 

HOCKEY. — Writing  to  John  Newton  on 
5  November,  1785,  Cowper  speaks  thus,  inter 
alia,  of  what  must  have  been  an  unchastened 
form  of  a  game  that  has  recently  become 
exceedingly  popular : — 

"  The  boys  at  Olney  have  likewise  a  very  enter- 
taining sport,  which  commences  annually  upon  thig- 
day  ;  they  call  it  Hockey,  and  it  consists  in  dashing 
each  other  with  mud,  and  the  windows  also,  so  that 
I  am  forced  to  rise  now  and  then,  and  to  threaten 
them  with  a  horsewhip,  to  preserve  our  own." 

Apparently  actual  mud-slinging  had  been 
a  feature  of  the  amusement,  for  the  poet 
continues  : — 

"  We  know  that  the  Roman  boys  whipped  topsr, 
trundled  the  hoop,  and  played  at  tennis  ;  but  I 
believe  we  nowhere  read  that  they  delighted  in 
these  filthy  aspersions:  I  am  inclined,  therefore,  to 
give  to  the  slovenly  but  ingenious  youths  of  Olney 
full  credit  for  the  invention." 

The  whole  description  may,  of  course, 
simply  be  a  satirical  way  of  saying  that  the 
game  was  played  in  the  public  streets  when 
they  were  in  a  very  sloppy  condition  ;  but 
it  was  hardly  worth  the  writer's  while  to- 
elaborate  such  a  little  jest  as  he  does  in  this 
passage,  especially  when  his  correspondent 
was  Newton.  THOMAS  BAYNE. 

RUSSIAN  MEN-OF-WAR.— It  may  perhaps 
be  worth  recording  and  explaining  several 
distinguishing  names  given  to  those  torpedo- 
boats  which,  among  others,  accompanied 
the  Russian  cruiser  Petro-Pavlovsky  on  its 
terribly  fatal  excursion  off  Port  Arthur 
(13  April);  for  instance,  Strasny=Fearful, 
Bezstrasny=Fearless,  Smely=Bold,  Bezum- 
ny ^Inconsiderate  or  Rash.  We  may  readily 


386 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  MAY  u,  190*. 


•compare  such  names  with  the  French 
Teiueraire,  or  with  our  Dauntless  and  the 
like.  H.  K. 

"PERIDOTE." — A  peridote  is  said  to  be  a 
•kind  of  chrysolite,  a  precious  stone  more  or 
less  like  topaz.  There  is  a  notice  of  it  in 
the  Daily  Telegraph  of  26  April,  p.  12,  col.  1. 
"This  concludes  with  the  remark  that  the 
name  "has  long  been  the  cause  of  struggling 
•among  philologists.  Some  pin  their  faith  to 
the  derivation  TrepiSoros,  a  wager  ;  others 
swear  by  Tre/nSc-ros,  banded.  The  Goldsmiths' 
•and  Silversmiths'  philologist  dogmatically 
states  that  the  word  is  derived  from  '  Feri- 
•det,'  a  precious  stone."  The  remark  is  hardly 
fair,  for  no  philologist  would  accept  these 
suggestions  of  a  Greek  origin.  The  word  is 
obviously  Eastern.  What  is  meant  by  "  Feri- 
•det "  we  are  not  informed. 

However,  when  we  compare  the  modern  Pers. 
ferseng  with  the  Old  Pers.  Trapacrdyyr),  as  pre- 
served in  a  Greek  dress,  the  supposition  that 
the  p  in  peridote  corresponds  to  a  modern 
Oriental  /  is  not  unreasonable.  I  find  in 
Richardson's  '  Arab.  Diet.'  these  entries  : — 

"Arab,  faridat,  a  precious  stone,  a  pearl; 
Arab,  farld,  a  precious  gem,  a  pearl,  especially  one 
of  a  larger  size,  or  a  bead  of  gold  placed  alter- 
nately between  smaller  ones  in  a  necklace  or 
bracelet ;  one,  unique,  incomparable.  Also  Pers. 
farld,  the  middle  bead  of  a  necklace." 

The  M.E.  peri/dote,  in  Ernare,  1.  155,  is 
from  the  O.F.  peridot,  fully  explained  by 
Godefroy.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

[See  also  8th  S.  i.  180,  296,  361,  423,  518  ;  9th  S.  vi. 
348,414;  vii.  215-1 

ALEXANDER  PENNECUIK,  GENT.— -In  1717 
Richard  Steele  was  one  of  a  commission  of 
twelve  appointed  to  visit  Edinburgh  with 
the  object  of  confiscating  the  lands  of  those 
nobles  and  gentlemen  who  had  been  con- 
cerned in  the  rebellion  of  1715.  Steele  was 
splendidly  entertained  in  the  northern 
capital,  and  received  a  special  welcome  from 
two  men  of  letters  —  Allan  Ramsay  and 
Alexander  Pennecuik.  In  the  monograph  on 
Steele  which  he  contributed  to  the  "English 
Worthies  "  series,  Mr.  Dobson  calls  Pennecuik 
"  an  unknown  '  Alexander  Pennicuik,  gentle- 
man,' author  of  a  volume  of  '  Streams  from 
Helicon.' "  This  worthy  seems  to  have  been 
rather  notorious  than  unknown  in  his  own 
day,  and  he  has  his  appropriate  place  in 
Scottish  literary  history.  He  figures  in  the 
biographical  dictionaries  of  Chambers  and 
Joseph  Irving,  and  he  is  estimated  with 
characteristic  fairness  and  lucidity  in  Dr. 
David  Irving's  posthumous  '  History  of 
Scptish  Poetry.'  The  critic  justifiably  con- 
siders the  '  Streams  from  Helicon '  not 


"always  very  pure  streams,"  and  he  thinks 
that  the  poet's  broadly  humorous  'Merry  Tales 
for  the  Lang  Nights  of  Winter '  show  him 
"  capable  of  employing  his  native  tongue 
with  considerable  effect."  "Streams  from 
Helicon ;  or,  Poems  on  various  Subjects,  by 
Alexander  Pennecuik,  Gent.,"  appeared  in 
1720,  and  this  was  followed  in  1726  by 
'  Flowers  from  Parnassus.'  The  author's  prose 
work,  '  The  Blue  Blanket ;  or,  Craftsman's 
Banner,'  has  value  as  a  curious  contribution 
to  local  history.  THOMAS  BAYNE. 

JOWETT   AND   WHEWSLL.— In   4th  S.    vi.   226 

is  recorded  the  election  of  Prof.  Jowett  as 
Master  of  Balliol,  but  I  do  not  see  in  any 
later  number  a  reference  to  the  "famous" 
verse  about  him  : — 

My  name  is  Benjamin  Jowett, 

I  'm  the  Master  of  Balliol  College  ; 

Whatever  is  known,  I  know  it, 

And  what  I  don't  know  isn't  knowledge. 

The  other  verse  on  Dr.  Whewell,  Master  of 
Trinity,  is  also  worth  recording  : — 

Should  a  man  through  all  space  to  far  galaxies 

travel, 

And  all  nebulous  films  the  remotest  unravel, 
He  will  find,  if  he  venture  to  fathom  infinity, 
The  great  work  of  God  is  the  Master  of  Trinity. 

I  quote  from  memory  in  each  case. 

Lucis. 

THIEVES'  SLANG:  "Jos  GURR."  —  The 
following  cutting  from  the  Sun  of  25  April 
seems  almost  worth  a  corner  in  the  pages  of 
'N.  &Q.':— 

"A  labourer  of  over  sixty  years  of  age  was 
charged  on  Saturday  at  Stratford  with  begging. 
The  prisoner  was  going  to  a  number  of  houses  in 
Vaughan  Road  asking  for  money  to  get  a 'night's 
doss,'  and  when  arrested  by  Detective  -  sergeant 
Marshallhe  said,  '1  haveoften  heard  of  "  JoeGurr," 
and  if  I  get  seven  days  I  shall  have  the  satisfaction 
of  knowing  what  it 's  like.'  He  now  made  no  defence, 
and  the  detective  explained  that  'Joe  Gurr '  was  a 
slang  word  for  prison.'1 

HERBERT  B.  CLAYTON. 

"THE  PRESENT  CENTURY."  — In  the  early 
years  of  a  century  we  are  apt  to  forget  that 
it  has  changed,  and  still  speak  or  write  as  if 
the  previous  century  was  still  present. 
Perhaps  I  may  mention  two  instances  of  this, 
and  be  pardoned  that  the  first  should  be  an 
error  of  my  own.  The  other  relates  to  a  work 
which  is  of  special  interest  at  this  season  of 
the  year. 

In  the  tenth  edition  of  my  '  Remarkable 
Comets,'  published  in  1902,  I  inadvertently 
used  the  expression,  at  pp.  13, 14,  "The  finest 
comets  of  the  present  century  were  those  of 
1811,  1858,  and  1861."  I  have  corrected  this 
in  the  last  edition,  which  appeared  at  the 


io*s.  i.  MAY  u,  wo*.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


387 


beginning  of  the  present  year,  into  "The  finest 
comets  of  the  nineteenth  century  were" — 
those  above  named. 

The  other  work  referred  to  (of  great  interest 
to  all  lovers  of  nature)  is  '  The  Country  Month 
by  Month,'  by  Mrs.  Visger  (nee  Owen,  under 
which  name  her  portions  appear)  and  Prof. 
Boulger.  In  the  second  edition,  published 
in  1902,  we  read,  at  p.  107,  "this  so-called 
'flowering  currant,'  introduced  from  North 
America  within  the  present  century."  I 
believe  two  species  of  Kibes  are  included  in 
this  description,  the  Ribes  sanguineum  and 
the  Ribes  sjjeciomm.  The  former  was  brought 
into  this  country  (according  to  Pax  ton)  in 
1826,  and  the  latter  in  1829.  Undoubtedly, 
Prof.  Boulger  meant  the  last,  not  the  present 
(twentieth)  century.  W.  T.  LYNN. 

WALNEY  ISLAND  NAMES.— At  8th  S.  xi.  365 
the  late  CANON  ISAAC  TAYLOR  refers  to  a 
curious  explanation  of  the  name  "  Cove  o' 
Kend "  (not  Cove  o'  Ken),  which  appears  as 
the  name  of  an  enclosure  near  Biggar,  on 
Walney  Island,  on  the  six-inch  O.S.  map  of 
Lancashire,  sheet  21,  surveyed  originally  in 
1847,  and  perpetuated  on  the  O.S.  maps 
engraved  in  1895.  As  a  matter  of  fact, 
"Cove  o'  Kend"  is  found  on  an  old  chart 
dated  1737,  as  the  name  of  the  enclosure 
referred  to,  and  thus  the  modern  surveyors 
cannot  be  blamed  for  the  " absurd  blunder" 
which  the  chart-maker  of  1737  appears  to 
have  originated.  In  a  list  of  field-names  in 
1805  of  an  estate  at  Biggar,  on  Walney  Island, 
the  name  appears  as  "Colvac  End  "  or  "Calvac 
End."  These  words  are  not  pronounced 
"  Goaf  Hook  End  "  by  the  natives  of  Walney 
Island,  but  Calvac  End — the  first  a  as  in 
"call,"  and  the  I  silent  as  in  "calf." 
Another  place-name  adjoining  Calvac  End  is 
spelt  on  the  O.S.  maps  ''Cove  Hakes,"  which 
appears  to  be  an  attempt  at  the  local  pro- 
nunciation of  "  Colv-heaks  " — pronounced  in 
a  breath  quickly.  It  is  impossible  to  put  in 
type  the  exact  local  sounds,  but  I  would 
suggest  that  the  word  "  Col  vacs  "  is  meant, 
and  that  the  plural  form  here  given  repre- 
sents the  possessive.  In  the  Furness  dialect 
there  is  no  apostrophe  s  to  represent  the 
possessive  case— e.g.,  ''Tom  wife,"  "Colvac 
End,"  "  Ashburner  wife  ford,"  except,  as  in  the 
case  of  "Col vacs,"  when  the  thing  possessed 
is  omitted.  Who  this  Colvac  may  have  been 
it  is  impossible  to  say,  but  it  is  not  unreason- 
able to  infer  a  settler  from  the  Isle  of  Man, 
or  Ireland,  where  the  word  was  a  common 
proper  name.  The  Isle  of  Man  can  be  dis- 
tinctly seen  from  Walney. 

HARPER  GAYTHORPE. 

Prospect  Road,  Barrow-in-Furness. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct.  

THE  TURIN  NATIONAL  LIBRARY.  —  The 
recent  fire  at  the  National  Library  of  Turin 
caused  the  total  or  partial  destruction  of 
many  treasures  belonging  to  one  of  the  most 
valuable  collections  in  the  world.  To  remedy 
this  terrible  evil,  which  struck  the  universal 
brotherhood  of  the  worshippers  of  artistic  and 
literary  memories,  a  spontaneous  offering  of 
help  sprang  from  every  side,  in  Italy  and 
abroad. 

The  Italian  Bibliographical  Society,  with 
the  aim  of  contributing  to  this  noble  deed  of 
reparation,  has  decided  to  co-operate  in  the 
restoration  of  the  lost  treasures,  according  to 
its  particular  competence,  namely,  gathering 
material  for  the  reconstruction  of  a  collection 
of  Italian  and  foreign  bibliography,  which  has 
been  completely  destroyed. 

This  project,  having  been  submitted  to  the 
judgment  of  the  Principal  of  the  National 
Library  of  Turin,  has  been  heartily  approved. 
Considering  one  of  the  greatest  helps  to 
scholars  to  be  the  consultation  of  catalogues 
of  libraries  and  archives,  and  of  the  biblio- 
graphical works  belonging  to  scientific  insti- 
tutions of  every  country,  the  Committee 
named  for  that  purpose  by  the  Italian  Biblio- 
graphical Society  appeals  for  copies  of  biblio- 
graphical works.  The  volumes  should  be 
forwarded  to  the  Societa  Bibliografica 
Italiana,  care  of  the  National  Library  in 
Milan. 

Each  work  will  have  a  special  ex-libris 
inserted  in  it,  with  the  name  of  the  donor ; 
and  the  National  Library  of  Turin  will  be 
presented  with  an  album  containing  a  list 
of  the  donors  as  well  as  of  their  gifts. 

GIUSEPPE  GIACOSO. 

Societa  Bibliografica  Italiana. 

" ASHES  TO  ASHES"  IN  THE  BURIAL  SER- 
VICE.— These  well-known  words  occur  in  the 
Collect  read  while  the  earth  is  cast  upon  the 
body,  and  are  coupled  with  "  earth  to  earth  " 
and  "  dust  to  dust."  At  first  sight  they  seem 
to  imply  or  record  the  rite  of  cremation,  for 
an  ash  is  usually  something  burnt  out.  Does 
ash  mean  metaphorically  a  light  of  life 
extinguished  ?  or  is  it  merely  a  way  of  ex- 
pressing nothingness,  as  in  Genesis  xviii.  27, 
where  Abraham  says  that  he  is  but  "dust  and 
ashes  "  1  The  references  in  the  margin  there 
give  instances  of  dust,  but  none  of  ashes  so 


388 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  MAY  H,  190*. 


used  elsewhere.  It  appears  from  variou 
commentaries  that  the  prayer  in  questior 
dates  from  1552  in  its  present  form.  I  shouk 
be  glad  to  learn  of  the  earliest  trace  of  th 
phrase,  and  its  original,  which  is  presumablj 
Greek  or  Latin.  Imayadd  thatlhave  consultec 
'The  Teacher's  Prayer-Book,'  'The  Prayer 
Book,  its  History,'  <fec.,  by  Evan  Daniel,  anc 
'  Proctor  on  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer  '  in 
vain  for  light  on  the  point.  HIPPOCLIDES. 

AUTHORSHIP  OF  LINES.— What  is  the  author 
ship  of  the  following  (I  am   quoting    from 
memory,  and  I  am  afraid  I  have  not  got  th 
lines  quite  accurately)  ? — 

Crime  enough  is  there  in  this  city  dark. 
Go  !  get  thee  back  unto  thy  fellow-men, 
And  make  thy  gold  thy  vassal,  not  thy  king: 
And  fling  free  alms  into  the  beggar's  bowl  ; 
And  bring  the  day  into  the  darkened  heart. 
It  is  rather  Tennysonian. 

Who  is  the  author  of  the  line  ? — 

Thou  hast  conquered,  0  pale  Galilaean. 
Of  course  I  know  Julian's  original  "  Vicisti, 
Galilsee."  GEO.  BEN.  DOUGHTY. 

[The  latter  is  from  Mr.  Swinburne's  '  Hymn  to 
Proserpine ' :  '  Poems  and  Ballads,'  First  Ser.  p.  7.] 

"  THE  RUN  OF  HIS  TEETH."— This  phrase  is 
current  in  conversation,  especially  in  con- 
nexion with  the  appointment  of  a  club 
secretary  who  has  an  annual  income  and  the 
right  to  take  his  meals  in  the  house.  Has  it 
appeared  in  print  1  Has  it  a  history  ?  When 
was  it  first  used  ?  H.  T. 

'THE  BAILIFF'S  DAUGHTER  OF  ISLINGTON.'— 
I  want  to  know  all  there  is  to  be  known  about 
this  ballad,  and  shall  be  glad  of  any  informa- 
tion. What  is  its  date  1  Is  it  founded  on 
fact  ?  Where  are  the  best  complete  versions 
to  be  found  ?  or  can  any  reader  give  one  ?  Is 
there  a  history  of  Islington  ?  OXSHOTT. 
,  JWe  can  only  advise  you  to  consult  Percy's 
K,eliqiies,  m.  177,  Ritson's  'Ancient  Songs,'  ii.  134, 
and  Child  s'  English  and  Scottish  Ballads,' iv.  158, 
in  all  of  which  it  will  be  found.  If  you  supplied  an 
address  for  publication,  you  would  probably  have  a 
copy  sent  you.  It  is  too  long  for  our  columns.  The 
8FIHHS1  totle  ,is  'True  Love  Requited;  or,  the 
Bailiffs  Daughter  of  Islington.'  The  books  we 
mention  are  in  most  good  public  libraries.] 

COFFIN  HOUSE.— In  King  Street,  Brixham, 
here  stands  a  detached  house,  bearing  a 
sign  with  the  following  inscription  :—"  Ye 
Olde  Coffin  House.  Only  one  in  England." 
it  is  built  m  the  shape  of  a  coffin— hence,  I 
presume,  its  designation.  All  the  informa- 
tion i  could  gam  on  the  spot  was  that  it  was 
reputed  to  be  upwards  of  600  years  old,  and 
to  _  have  been  the  first  house  in  which  the 
rrmce  of  Orange  stayed  after  he  lauded  at 


Brixham  Harbour.  If  there  is  any  further 
information  available  I  should  be  glad  to 
have  it.  A.  J.  DAVY. 

Torquay. 

EASTER  SUNDAY  IN  1512  AND  1513.— Will 
some  one  be  good  enough  to  tell  me  upon 
what  dates  (O.S.)  Easter  fell  in  the  years 
1512  and  1513  ?  Also,  what  would  be  the 
anniversary  date  (N.S.)  of  Easter  in  the  latter 
year? 

I  think,  but  am  not  sure,  that  in  1513 
Easter  may  have  come  on  27  March  (O.S.). 
If  the  Gregorian  calendar  had  then  been 
in  use,  would  that  date  have  been,  or  would 
its  proper  anniversary  now  be,  6  April 
or  8  April  ?  I  should  put  it  as  6  April, 
arguing  that,  as  the  Julian  calendar  was  then 
ten  days  behind  true  time,  the  same  difference 
of  ten  days  would  continue  through  all  anni- 
versary days.  But  a  valuable  reference  book 
issued  late  in  the  last  century  gh  es  the  date 
of  a  certain  event  as  Easter  Sunday,  8  April, 
1513.  If  I  am  right  as  to  the  O.S.  date  of 
Easter  in  that  year,  the  error  of  twelve  days 
which  had  accrued  before  1900  must  have 
been  counted.  Another  book  gives  the  date 
of  the  same  event  as  Easter  Sunday,  1512 

M.  C.  L. 
New  York. 

IBERIAN  INSCRIPTIONS  IN  HIBERNIA. — The 
:radition  that  the  people  of  Eireland,  or 
Hibernia,  once  came  from  the  Iberian 
peninsula  is  very  ancient.  Has  any  coin  or 
ither  object  bearing  an  Iberian  inscription 
aeen  discovered  in  the  soil,  or  inside  any  bit 
of  an  old  ruin,  in  Eireland  ?  Has  an  essay 
3een  published  on  the  resemblance  in  form  of 
;he  Iberian  letters  to  those  of  the  Etruscan 
and  the  Runic  alphabets  1 

E.  S.  DODGSON. 

THE  ARMSTRONG  GUN. — Can  any  reader 
dentify  the  Mr.  H.  Drake  frequently 
'eferred  to  in  the  Western  and  other  papers 
as  the  original  inventor  of  a  cannon  which 
was  rejected  by  the  Committee  of  Defence, 
and  afterwards  adopted  under  the  name  oi 
'Armstrong"?  W.  H.  H. 

MARTYRDOM  OF  ST.  THOMAS. — Will  any  of 

our   readers   kindly   refer   me  to  a   list   or 

)artial  list,   or    even   a  single    example,    of 

incient    pictorial     representations     of     the 

martyrdom  of  St.  Thomas  of  Canterbury,  in 

he  form  of  stained  windows,  frescoes,  illu- 

ninations  in  missals,  ike.,  stating  if  still  in 

xistence,  if  accessible,  and  in  what  state  of 

(reservation  ? 

I  also  desire   lists    of    churches,   chapels1, 
hantries,  &c.,  now  or  sometime  dedicated  to 


.  i.  MAT  U.1901.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


389 


St.  Thomas,  with  date  or  approximate  date, 
and  particulars  of  any  special  local  reason 
for  the  dedication  (such  as  a  reported  notable 
miracle)  or  of  any  connexion  with  special 
vows  or  pilgrimages  to  the  shrine  of 
St.  Thomas. 

Note  of  any  wells  or  "  waterings "  of 
St.  Thomas,  and  of  cures  or  special  properties 
attributed  to  the  water,  will  also  be  greatly 
appreciated.  H.  SNOWDEN  WARD. 

Hadlow,  Kent. 

BRADLEY,  co.  SOUTHAMPTON  :  CLARK 
FAMILY. — In  the  '  Calendar  of  State  Papers,' 
23  January,  1630,  there  is  a  letter  of  Sir  H. 
Wallop  to  the  Council  relating  endeavours 
made  by  himself  and  his  under-sheriff  to 
remove  Ths.  Taylor  out  of  the  manor  house 
of  Bradley,  and  to  give  possession  to  Sir 
Kenelm  Digby  as  his  Majesty's  farmer 
thereof.  Resistance  was  made  with  fire- 
arms ;  sheriff's  party  answered  with  ordnance, 
but  were  ultimately  obliged  to  retreat.  The 
old  manor  house  of  Bradley,  a  parish  near 
Preston  Candover,  co.  Southampton,  has 
marks  in  ancient  beams  of  the  roof  said 
to  have  been  made  by  Oliver  Cromwell's 
soldiers  in  the  Civil  War,  but  no  proof  of  this 
has  ever  been  found. 

Again,  a  family  of  the  name  of  Clark,  in 
this  and  adjacent  places,  are  stated  to  have 
descended  from  the  second  wife  of  Richard 
Cromwell. 

Are  both  or  either  of  these  legends  by 
mutual  confusion  mixed  up  with  the  trouble 
at  Bradley  in  1630  ?  If  so,  Cromwell's  army 
must  give  way  to  the  officers  of  the  Star 
Chamber. 

Bradley  is  a  commonplace  name  in  Hants, 
but  the  above  is  the  only  parish  of  this 
name.  VICAR. 

HUNTINGTON  :   COURTENEY  :   HONE. — In  his 

'Visitation  of  Devonshire'  (p.  247)  Col. 
Vivian  records  that  John  Courteney,  of 
Ottery  St.  Mary,  son  of  Sir  William 
Courteney,  of  Powderham,  married  Thomasine, 
daughter  and  heir  of  Nicholas  Huntington. 

In  Carewe's  '  Scroll  of  Armes  '  (published  in 
connexion  with  the  Devon  Notes  and  Queries) 
occurs  the  following  : — 

"  Er.,  bet.  2  bendlettes,  3  water  bougets  in  bend. 
Huntington.  This  coate  standethe  impaled  wth 
Job.  Courtney  in  Awtree  Church  on  a  pillar  in 
brass." 

In  the  will  of  Robert  Hone,  of  Ottery 
St.  Mary,  13  October,  1540,  we  read  : — 

"  I  forgive  all  debts  due  to  me  by  reason  my  wife 
was  ex'rix  to  John  Huntisdon." 

In  connexion  with  this  will  on  31  Jan.,  1581, 
a  commission  was  granted  to  Roger  Courtney, 


next  of  kin  of  said  deceased,  to  administer 
goods  not  fully  administered  by  Joan  the 
relict ;  and  this,  although  one  or  more  of 
Hone's  daughters  still  lived.  It  seems  pro- 
bable from  other  references  in  the  above- 
mentioned  will  that  Joan  was  the  widow  of 
John  Huntisdon  or  Huntington  (perhaps  of 
Honiton)  when  she  married  Robert  Hone. 

I  should  be  glad  of  any  information  con- 
cerning these  Huntingtons,  or  anything 
throwing  light  on  thekinshipof  the  Courtneys 
and  Hones.  It  is  by  the  way,  but  there  is 
some  reason  to  believe  that  there  is  a  mistake 
in  the  Courteney  pedigree  in  inserting  a 
John  Courteney  between  John,  who  married 
Thomasine,  and  Roger.  This  Roger  was 
very  poor  at  the  time  of  his  death,  and  had 
had  two  children,  William,  and  Thomasine, 
who  married  Thomas  Prust.  I  should  like  to 
trace  this  latter  William  Courteney.  Con- 
sidering how  many  Courteneys  there  were  of 
importance  prior  to  the  eighteenth  century, 
there  are  very  few  wills  of  the  family  pre- 
served in  the  courts  where  they  would  natu- 
rally be  sought.  (Mrs.)  ROSE-TROUP. 

Beaumont,  Ottery  St.  Mary. 

BRISTOW  ON  EUGENE  ARAM. — Among  the 
authorities  given  for  the  life  of  Eugene 
Aram  by  Dr.  Garnett,  in  the  'D.N.B.,'  is 
"  Bris tow's  contemporary  account,  Knares- 
boro',  best  ed.,  Richmond,  1832."  I  possess  a 
copy  of  this  best  edition,  wherein  the  editor 
(p.  47,  note)  complains  that  the  original 
compiler  suppressed  Aram's  second  confession, 
"  with  no  friendly  intention."  Can  any 
particulars  be  found  about  the  original  com- 
piler, Bristow,  or  the  editor  of  the  Richmond 
edition  of  1832 1  Has  the  "  second  confession  " 
been  published  ]  JAMES  HOOPER. 

Norwich. 

OUR  OLDEST  MILITARY  OFFICER.  —  Can 
any  correspondent  inform  me  which  British 
military  officer  now  living  was  the  earliest  to 
receive  his  commission  ?  DUNHEVED. 

"HUMANUM    EST    ERRARE."— Is    the    SOUrCO 

of  this  quotation  known  ]  Terence  has 
"  Censen'  me  hominem  esse  ?  ^  Erravi." 
Thucydides  has  dvflpcoTri'vcos  a/*apraveiv,  and 
there  is  a  similar  expression  in  the  '  Cyro- 
psedia,'  which  seems  to  show  that  the  idea 
was  a  commonplace  from  very  early  times  ; 
but  the  earliest  occurrence  of  the  phrase 
itself  (though  in  another  language)  that  is 
known  to  me  is  in  the  letters  of  Severus  of 
Antioch  (early  sixth  century),  who  has  "it 
is  human  to  sin,''  which,  through  the 
ambiguity  of  d/iapraveiv,  is  the  same  thing, 
and  I  should  be  glad  to  know  whether  this 


390 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io»  s.  i.  MAY  u,  im. 


expression  is  a  mere  coincidence,  or  was 
derived  from  Severus  from  some  written 
source.  If  the  latter  is  the  case,  it  would 
probably  come  f  rom  Menander,  whose  gnomic 
sayings  were  well  known  to  the  ecclesiastical 
writers  of  this  time  ;  but,  if  I  knew  where 
the  Latin  phrase  is  first  found,  I  should  have 
a  better  chance  of  tracing  it  to  its  source. 
I  have  tried  several  Latin  lexicons  and  dic- 
tionaries of  quotations  without  result. 

E.  W.  B. 


AMERICAN  LOYALISTS. 

(10th  S.  i.  269,  313.) 

THESE  were  a  long-suffering  people.  For  a 
decade  before  the  Revolution  they  had  been 
tarred  and  feathered  and  otherwise  ill- 
treated  ;  after  the  outbreak  of  the  war  they 
were  banished,  their  estates  were  confiscated, 
and  they  were  thrown  overboard  in  the 
treaty  of  peace.  Yet  two  such  ardent 
patriots  as  John  Adams  and  Thomas  McKean, 
both  of  whom  signed  the  Declaration  of 
independence,  agreed  in  1813-15,  at  which 
time  the  passions  engendered  by  the  war 
had  somewhat  subsided,  that  "full  one  third 
[of  the  American  people]  were  averse  to  the 
Revolution  "  ('  Works  of  J.  Adams,'  x.  63,  87, 
110). 

f  Much  has  been  written  about  the  Loyal- 
ists, though  no  exhaustive  work  on  the 
subject  has  yet  appeared.  The  following 
list  comprises  the  chief  books  and  articles  of 
value  :  — 

Davis,  Andrew  McF.,  The  Confiscation  of  John 
Chandler's  Estate  (190  ). 
Ellis,  George  E.,  The  Loyalists  and  their  For- 

hUQ«^~"N,a/*ra,Hveand  Criti°al  History  of  America' 
(18os),  vn.  185-214.  • 

.rFiick'uAlerXTai?der  C>>  Loyalism  in  New  York.— 
Columbia  University  Studies   in    History,    Eco- 
nomics, and  Public  Law  '  (1901),  xiv  1-281 

E"  L°yalists  of  America  and 


Sabine,  Lorenzo,  American  Loyalists  (1842)  ;  and 
Biographical  Sketches  of  the  loyalists  of  the 
American  Revolution  (1864). 

Tyler,  Moses  C,  The  Party  of  the  Loyalists  in 


1  J°hn  E'.'  Historical  View  of  the  Com- 
drl™    ^U1Ang     nt°Tthe  Losses,   Services, 
and  Claims  of  the  American  Loyalists  (1815) 

Wnm6  /.°1I?wi-DF  *Xtira#'  Which  is  based  on 
TVf  VS  Epical  View,'  is  taken  from 
1  rof.  Van  Tyne's  book  (pp.  301-3)  :— 

suh^neJ-ithie-peacfe'  °,ver  five  thousand  Loyalists 
=ubmitted  claims  for  losses,   usually  through 
agents  appointed  by  the  refugees  from  each 


rican  colony.  In  July  of  1783  a  Commission  of  five 
members  was  appointed  by  Parliament  to  classify 
the  losses  and  services  of  the  Loyalists.  This  Com- 
mission divided  the  Loyalists  into  six  classes  : 
(1)  Those  who  had  rendered  services  to  Great 
Britain  ;  (2)  those  who  had  borne  arms  against  the 
Revolution  ;  (3)  uniform  Loyalists ;  (4)  Loyalists 
resident  in  Great  Britain  ;  (5)  those  who  took  oaths 
of  allegiance  to  American  states,  but  afterwards 
joined  the  British  ;  (6)  those  who  took  arms  with 
the  Americans  and  later  joined  the  English  army 
and  navy.  They  then  examined  the  claims  with  an 
impartial  and  judicial  severity  which  the  Loyalists 

denounced  as  an  inquisition The  Commission  sat 

at  first  in  England,  but  soon  realized  that,  to  give 
fair  opportunities  to  all  classes  of  claimants,  it 
would  be  necessary  to  go  to  them.  Thereupon 
Dundee  and  Pemberton  went  to  Nova  Scotia,  and 
John  Anstey  to  New  York.  Between  the  years 
1785  and  1789  these  Commissioners  sat  in  Halifax, 
St.  John's,  Quebec,  and  Montreal.  In  the  whole 
course  of  their  work  they  examined  claims  to  the 
amount  of  forty  millions  of  dollars,  and  ordered 
nineteen  millions  to  be  paid.  At  first  the  per  cent, 
that  was  granted  was  not  fixed,  but  later  Pitt's 
plan  was  adopted,  which  fixed  by  schedule  the  per 
cent,  of  approved  losses  to  be  paid,  giving  greater 
consideration  to  the  small  losers  than  the  great. 
If  to  the  cost  of  establishing  the  Loyalists  in  Nova 
Scotia  and  Canada  we  add  the  compensations 
granted  in  money,  the  total  amount  expended  by 
the  British  Government  for  their  American  ad- 
herents was  at  least  thirty  millions  of  dollars. 
There  is  every  evidence  that  the  greatest  care  that 
human  ingenuity  could  devise  was  exercised  to 
make  all  these  awards  in  a  fair  and  equitable 
manner." 

ALBERT  MATTHEWS. 
Boston,  U.S. 

In  1783  Parliament  appointed  a  Commission 
to  investigate  the  claims  of  the  Loyalists. 
The  Commissioners  made  twelve  reports, 
which  will  be  found  among  the  proceedings 
of  Parliament  during  the  years  1783-1890,  in 
which  latter  year  the  proceedings  were  wound 
up.  The  reports  will  doubtless  be  found  in 
any  of  the  large  libraries  which  were  in 
existence  at  the  time.  One  of  the  Commis- 
sioners, John  Eardley  Wilmot,  published  a 
work,  ''Historical  View  of  the  Commission 
for  Inquiry  into  the  Losses,  Services,  and 
Claims  of  the  American  Loyalists,  &c.,  with  an 
Account  of  the  Compensation  granted  to  them 
by  Parliament  in  1785  and  1788.  London, 
1815."  AVERN  PARDOE. 

Legislative  Library,  Toronto. 


EASTER  DAY  BY  THE  JULIAN  RECKONING 
(10th  S.  i.  324,  352).— If  C.  S.  H.  will  kindly 
consult  a  Julian  calendar  for  this  year,  he 
will  see  that  by  that  reckoning  D,  C  are  the 
Dominical  Letters.  By  the  Gregorian  reckon- 
ing, 1  January  was  a  Friday  and  the  first 
Sunday  in  the  year  was  3  January,  so  that 
C  was  the  Sunday  Letter  until  the  end  of 


10*  8.  L  MAY  14,1904.]  NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


391 


February.  But  by  the  old  Julian  reckoning 
(still  observed  in  the  Eastern  Church)  1  Janu- 
ary this  year  was  a  Thursday  and  the  first 
Sunday  was  4  January,  so  that  D  was  the 
Sunday  Letter  till  the  end  of  February ; 
from  the  beginning  of  March  (and  therefore 
in  the  tabular  guide  to  Easter)  it  was  C.  As 
I  remarked  before,  taking  this  as  the  Sunday 
or  Dominical  Letter  and  5  as  the  Golden 
Number,  we  find  in  the  table  28  March 
(corresponding  to  the  Gregorian  10  April) 
for  Easter  Day.  W.  T.  LYNN. 

Blackheath. 

KENTISH  CUSTOM  ON  EASTER  DAY  (10th  S- 
i.  324). — In  the  Reliquary  for  January,  1900,  is 
a  paper  about  the  Biddenden  Maids  by  Mr. 
George  Clinch.  At  the  Canterbury  Probate 
Office  I  have  examined  the  Index  of  Wills 
proved  in  the  Archdeacon's  Court  and  Con- 
sistory Court,  and  there  is  no  name  of 
Chulkhurst. 

The  following  presentment  from  Bid- 
denden at  the  visitation  of  the  Archdeacon 
of  Canterbury  in  1605  possibly  refers  to  this 
custom  : — 

"52  was  not  observed  on  the  last  Easter  day. 
For  there  hath  been  a  custom  with  us  that  on  that 
day  our  parson  giveth  and  causeth  to  be  delivered 
unto  the  parishioners  bread,  cheese,  cakes,  and 
clivers  barrels  of  beer,  brought  in  there  and  drawn, 
not  without  much  disorder  by  reason  of  some 
unruly  ones,  which  at  such  a  time  we  cannot 
restrain  with  any  ease."— Vol.  Ixii.  fol.  150. 

The  "  52  "  evidently  refers  to  the  question 
of  inquiry,  not  preserved  with  the  volumes 
in  the  Cathedral  Library  at  Canterbury. 

ARTHUR  HUSSEY. 

Tankerton-on-Sea,  Kent. 

HUGO'S  '  LES  ABEILLES  IMPERIALES  '  (10th  S. 
i.  348). — The  poem  is  entitled  'Le  Manteau 
Imperial,' ana  is  to  be  found  in  the'Chati- 
naents,'  livre  v.  poeme  3.  J.  R. 

[MR.  A.  HAMONET  and  H.  G.  L.  S.  are  thanked 
for  similar  information.] 

RIVER  DIVIDED  (10th  S.  i.  289).— From  vol.  i. 
(1801)  of  the  '  Beauties  of  England  and  Wales,' 
p.  81, 1  cull  the  following.  It  will  be  observed 
that  Snelson  and  Harrold  are  the  names  of 
the  villages  mentioned,  instead  of  Suelstone 
and  Harwood  as  quoted  by  ASTARTE  : — 

"  Walsingham  relates  a  singular  circumstance 
•concerning  the  river  Ouse,  which  on  the  1st  of 
January,  in  the  year  1399,  suddenly  ceased  to  flow 
between  the  villages  of  Snelson  and  Harrold,  near 
Bedford,  leaving  its  channel  so  bare  of  water,  that 
people  walked  at  the  bottom  for  full  three  miles. 
Various  explications  have  been  given  of  this  remark- 
able phenomenon  ;  but  the  opinion  that  it  was  a 
portent  of  the  divisions  and  dire  wars,  which  the 
claims  of  the  rival  houses  of  York  and  Lancaster 
shortly  afterwards  occasioned,  seems  to  have  ob- 


tained most  credit  in  that  age  of  superstitious 
credulity.  Dr.  Childrey  endeavours  to  account  for 
it  by  supposing  that  the  stream  upward  was  con- 
gealed by  a  sudden  frost ;  yet  very  little  considera- 
tion enables  us  to  determine  that  this  conjecture 
is  untenable.  What  the  real  cause  was  cannot, 
perhaps,  at  this  distance  of  time,  be  discovered ; 
but  as  the  reasons  hitherto  assigned  have  proved 
unsatisfactory,  we  shall  offer  a  suggestion  that 
appears  to  us  more  deserving  of  belief.  Might  not 
the  earth  have  sunk  in  some  part  of  the  channel, 
and  admitted  the  waters  into  an  extensive  cavity, 
which  having  filled,  the  river  resumed  its  course, 
and  again  flowed  within  its  accustomed  bed  ?" 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D.,  F.R.Hist.S. 
Bradford. 

Capgrave  mentions  this  phenomenon  under 
the  year  1398,  not  1399  :-- 

"In  the  xxii  yere  [i.e.  of  Richard  II. 's  reign],  in 
the  fest  of  Circumcision,  a  depe  watir  in  Bedforth- 
schire,  that  rennyth  betwix  Snelleston  and  Harles- 
woode,  sodeynly  stood  stille,  and  departed  him  on- 
to othir  place ;  and  the  ry  ver,  that  was  wete  before, 
stood  drye  tlire  myle  o  length,  that  men  myte  go 
ovyr.  This  merveyle  betokned,  men  seide,  gret 
dyvysion  that  schuld  falle." 
See  'The  Chronicle  of  England,'  by  John 
Capgrave,  Rolls  Series,  1858,  p.  268. 

A.  T.  C.  CREE. 

Brodsworth,  Beckenham. 

There  is  an  old  Cambridgeshire  proverb, 
mentioned  by  Fuller,  in  allusion  to  the  inun- 
dations of  the  Ouse  :  "  The  bailiff  of  Bedford 
is  coming."  This  river,  when  swollen  with 
rain,  &c.,  in  the  winter,  "arrests  the  Isle  of 
Ely  with  an  inundation,  bringing  down 
suddenly  abundance  of  water,"  and  on  these 
occasions  the  Ouse,  as  Lysons  says,  is  "a 
most  rapacious  distrainer  of  hay  and  cattle." 
The  river  divides  the  county  of  Bedford  in 
two  parts,  and  in  the  year  1256  the  town  of 
Bedford  suffered  great  injury  from  one  of 
these  sudden  inundations,  and  again  in  1570. 
But  with  regard  to  the  account  of  the  par- 
ticular event  of  1399  it  is  attributed  by 
Lysons,  in  his  'Magna  Britannia,'  to  the 
fifteenth  -  century  monk  and  chronicler 
Thomas  Walsingham,  who  says  that  "the 
course  of  the  Ouse,  between  Harold  in  Bed- 
fordshire, and  Snelston  in  Buckinghamshire, 
was  suddenly  changed,  and  a  dry  channel 
left  for  the  length  of  three  miles."  Walsing- 
ham is  the  principal  authority,  for  the  reigns 
of  Richard  II.,  Henry  IV.,  and  Henry  V.,  for 
many  historical  incidents  not  to  be  met  with 
in  other  writers,  but  Lysons  does  not,  in  the 
edition  referred  to  of  his  '  Magna  Britannia  ' 
(1813,  vol.  i.  part  i.),  allude  to  any  prophetic 
interpretation  which  was  placed  upon  the 
eventby  Walsingham.  Dugdale  in  his '  British 
Traveller,'  however,  says  that  it  \yas  regarded 
as  presaging  the  subsequent  civil  war,  while 


392 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  MAY  u,  190*. 


a    similar    phenomenon   in   January,    1648> 
referred  to  the  death  of  King  Charles. 

J.  H.  MACMICHAEL. 

JACOBITE  WINEGLASSES  (10th  S.  i.  204,  293). 
— In  connexion  with  this  subject,  perhaps 
I  may  be  permitted  to  mention  that,  as  a 
frontispiece  to  Ainsworth's  interesting  tale 
'  The  Miser's  Daughter,'  George  Cruikshank 
has  given  us  in  his  own  inimitable  manner  a 
graphic  picture  of  a  meeting  of  members  of 
a  Jacobite  club  in  1744-5,  at  the  "  Rose  and 
Crown,"  Gardiner  Street,  Petty  France. 
Standing  around  a  table,  on  which  there  is  a 
large  bowl  nearly  full  of  water,  each  person 
held  in  his  outstretched  hand  a  wineglass, 
narrow  in  shape,  and  apparently  about 
six  inches  from  stem  to  rim.  The  hero  of  the 
story— who,  by  the  way,  was  only  invited  to 
the  gathering— nearly  came  to  the  end  of  his 
career  in  consequence  of  refusing  to  drink 
the  health  of  the  king— over  the  ivater. 

HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 

119,  Elms  Road,  Olapham,  S.W. 

"OUR  LADY  OF  THE  SNOWS"  (10th  S.i.246, 
311).— This  phrase  has  arisen  from  beliefs 
which  are  far  older  than  Christianity,  and 
"Our  Lady"  merely  stands  in  the  place  of 
Holda,  Hulda,  Holle,  or  Hulle,  who,  in  the 
words  of  Jacob  Grimm,  was  "the  kind, 
benignant,  merciful  goddess  or  lady."  In 
legend  and  tradition 

r^F*"  Holle  is  represented  as  a  being  of  the  sky, 
beginning  the  earth  ;  when  it  snows  she  is  making 
her  bed,  and  the  feathers  of  it  fly.  She  stirs  up 
snow,  as  Donar  does  rain  ;  the  Greeks  ascribed  the 
production  of  snow  and  rain  to  their  Zeus :  AIDS 
OMffpoe,  'II.' v.  91,  xi.  493,  as  well  as  vujtdSfs  Ato's, 
il\  Xlx-  357 ;  so  that  Holda  conies  before  us  as  a 

??  i  j  !.  of  no  mean  rank-  As  other  attributes  of 
liolda  have  passed  to  Mary,  we  may  here  also  bring 
into  comparison  the  Maria  ad  nives,  '  notre  dame 
aux  neiges,  whose  feast  was  held  on  Aug.  o :  on 
that  day  the  lace-makers  of  Brussels  pray  to  her 
that  their  work  may  keep  as  white  as  snow."— 
Deutsche  My  thologie,'  trans,  by  Stallybrass,  p.  267. 
"  T(Xe  9omParison  of  snowflakes  to  feathers  " 
says  Grimm  "is  very  old;  the  Scythians 
pronounced  the  regions  north  of  them  in- 
accessible because  they  were  filled  with 
leathers  (Herod.  4,  7,  conf.  31)."  Even  yet, 
W?  snow  begins  to  fall  in  Yorkshire, 
children  run  out  of  doors  to  catch  some  of 
the  first  flakes  and  say  :— 

Snow,  snow  faster, 
Hally,  Hally  Blaster- 
Plucking  geese  in  Scotland, 
And  sending  feathers  here. 

It  is  possible  that  "Hally"  is  here  identical 
with  the  German  Holle,  and  that  Blaster  is 

e  air>  mentioned  fa 


The  "  pious  legend  "  about  the  building  of 
a  church  on  the  Esquiline  hill,  because  snow- 
is  said  to  have  fallen  there  in  August,  has 
many  counterparts  in  legend  and  in  story. 
Not  only  does  falling  snow  indicate  the  spot, 
but,  as  Grimm  shows,  the  site  is  suggested  by 
cows  in  a  Swedish  story,  and  by  resting 
animals  in  a  beautiful  Anglo-Saxon  legend. 
And,  as  I  have  shown  in  my  '  Household  Tales 
and  Traditional  Remains,3  it  is  still  believed 
in  England  that  fairies  have  pointed  out  the 
sites  of  churches,  and  moved  the  stones 
away  if  the  builders  chose  the  wrong  site. 

As  everybody  knows,  divine  origins  were 
everywhere  attributed  to  natural  phenomena. 
Just  as,  for  instance,  Holda  made  the  snow 
by  making  the  feathers  fly  from  her  bed,  so 
there  was  a  being  who  scattered  great  stones 
on  the  Yorkshire  moors.  A  place  known  as 
the  Apronful  of  Stones,  near  Bradfield,  west 
of  Sheffield,  clearly  points  back  to  a  myth 
like  that  of  the  giantess  Zechiel,  who  had 
gathered  stones  in  her  apron  to  build  a 
bridge,  but  who  fell  down  dead  in  a  fright, 
"scattering  the  load  of  stones  out  of  her 
apron  higgledy  -  piggledy  on  the  ground " 
(Grimm,  ut  sujjra,  p.  537).  Mary  herself 
"  carries  stones  and  earth  in  her  apron,  like 
Athena  or  the  fay  "  (ibid.,  p.  xxxvii) ;  bub 
"  Our  Lady  of  the  Stones  "  would  not  please 
our  modern  ear,  though  Sancta  Maria  ad 
Lapides  would  sound  better.  On  Ashop 
moor,  in  the  High  Peak  of  Derbyshire,  nearly 
two  thousand  feet  about  the  level  of  the  sea, 
a  heap  of  large  boulders  is  called  Mad- 
woman's Stones.  There  must  have  been  a 
story  about  them,  and  it  is  evident  that  this 
strange  place-name  has  arisen  from  some 
such  belief  as  that  which  gave  rise  to  the 
Apronful  of  Stones.  How  else  could  men, 
who  were  ignorant  of  natural  laws,  have 
accounted  for  falling  snow,  or  for  masses  of 
rock  which  seemed  to  them  to  have  been 
thrown  wildly  over  the  land  ? 

S.  O.  ADDY. 

As  every  one  knows,  Montreal  originally 
was  named  Ville-Marie,  and,  as  was  to  be 
expected  in  a  town  thus  specially  devoted  to 
the  Virgin,  several  churches  and  religious 
foundations,  beside  the  great  Cathedral 
known  par  excellence  as  that  of  Notre  Dame, 
are  dedicated  to  her  under  various  character- 
izations —  6.17.,  Notre  Dame  de  Grace,  do 
Lourdes,  de  Bonsecours,  &c. 

English  as  the  aspect  of  the  city  is  in 
many  ways,  it  is  markedly  French  also,  and 
the  old  French  names  for  streets  and  districts 
remain. 

One  of  the  pleasant  drives  recom- 
mended to  visitors  is  that  around  the  moun- 


i.  MAY  14,  low.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


393 


tain,  which  takes  one  outside  the  city  limits, 
and,  partly  by  the  highway  having  the  same 
name,  through  the  suburb  or  district  called 
"  Cote  des  Xeiges,"  lying  on  the  western  slope 
of  the  beautiful  Mount  Royal  that  gives  dis- 
tinction as  well  as  name  to  the  city,  and  is 
justly  her  pride.  By  this  road  one  approaches 
also  the  main  entrance  to  the  French  Catholic 
"  Cote  des  Xeiges  Cemetery /'adjoining  on  its 
opposite  side  the  English  "Mount  Royal 
Cemetery."  On  the  Cote  des  Xeiges  road  are 
several  old  churches  and  other  religious  build- 
ings, and  though  with  no  aid  to  memory  I 
cannot  be  sure  of  their  names,  I  think  at  least 
one  of  them — church  or  convent — has  the 
Notre  Dame  appellation,  and  thus  might 
naturally  come  to  be  spoken  of  as  "  Notre 
Dame  des  Xeiges." 

However  this  may  be,  it  is  plain  to  one  at 
all  familiar  with  Montreal  that  in  writing 
of  "Sainte  Xotre-Dame ''  having  "  son  trone 
sur  notre  Mont  Royal,"  whence  she  "descend 

chaque  soir en  sa  Ville-Marie,"  "  ville 

au  collier  de  neige,"the  Canadian  poet  quoted 
refers  to  the  Cote  des  Xeiges. 

Whether  or  not  the  title  phrase  of  this 
poem  had  precedence,  the  same  designation 
which  Kipling  applied  to  all  Canada  (and 
thereby  gave  that  country  great  offence)  may 
easily  have  been  suggested  to  his  mind  during 
a  visit  to  Montreal  and  her  Cote  des  Xeiges. 

As  to  the  name,  I  have  been  told  that,  pro- 
bably from  the  direction  of  neighbouring 
hill-slopes,  the  section  is  noted  for  its  excep- 
tionally deep  snows.  M.  C.  L. 

New  York. 

The  Congregation  for  the  reform  of  the 
Breviary  under  Benedict  XIV.  reported  :— '• 

"  Lectipnes  secundi  nocturni,  quse  hac  die  usque 
modo  recitatae  sunt,  immutandas  sane  esse  existi- 
matur.  De  ea  solemnitate,  quse  hac  die  celebratur, 
eiusque  institutions  causa,  habentur,  ait  Baronius  in 
'  Martyrologio  Romano,'  vetera  monumenta  et  MSS. 
.  Huiusmodi  autem  monumenta  et  MSS.  nee  unquam 
vidimus,  nee  fortasse  unquam  videbimus.  Miran- 
dum  profecto  est,  ait  Baillet,  non  adhuc  tanti 
miraculi  et  tarn  mirabilis  historic  auctoreru  inuo- 
tuisse  :  insuper  quod  tarn  novum  tamque  stupendum 
prodigium  spatio  annorum  fere  mille  et  amplius 
profundo  sepultum  silentio  iacuerit,  nee  usquam 
inveniri  potuerit,  prreterquam  in  breviario  et  in 
Catalogo  Petri  de  Natalibus  lib.  7,  cap.  21." — '  Ana- 
lecta,'  p.  915. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

READE  (10th  S.  i.  329).— The  'D.X.B.,' 
vol.  xlvii.  p.  361,  under  Robert  Reade 
(d.  1415),  Dominican  friar,  and  bishop  suc- 
cessively of  Carlisle  and  Chichester,  says, 
"  There  does  not  seem  to  be  any  evidence  as 
to  whether  he  was  related  to  his  predecessor, 
William  Rede  or  Reade";  and  on  p.  376, 
under  the  latter  name  (d.  1385),  it  says  : — 


"A  William  Read,  who  was  archdeacon  of 
Chichester  1398-1411,  chancellor  in  1407,  and 
treasurer  in  1411,  may  have  been  a  relative  of 
William  Rede  the  bishop,  or  perhaps  more 
probably  of  Robert  Reade." 

Bishop  William,  a  native  of  the  diocese  of 
Exeter,  built  the  beautiful  library  of  Merton 
College,  Oxon,  of  which  he  was  Fellow,  and 
to  him  the  diocese  of  Chichester  is  indebted 
for  the  preservation  of  the  early  records 
relating  to  the  see.  The  next  three  bishops 
were  Thomas  Rushoke,  Richard  Metford,  and 
Robert  Waldby.  Then,  in  1397,  we  find 
Robert  Rede  a  bishop  of  Chichester,  who 
occupied  the  see  during  the  reign  of 
Henry  IV.  His  register  is  the  earliest  of 
those  that  remain,  and  testifies  to  the  zeal 
with  which  he  endeavoured  to  suppress  the 
doctrines  of  Wyclif  and  the  Lollards. 

A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

Lives  of  both  the  Bishops  of  Chichester  so 
named— William  (1368-85)  and  Robert  (1397- 
1417)— are  given  in  'D.X.B.,'  the  former 
much  more  fully  than  the  latter.  Additional 
information  can  be  found  in  the  late  Dean 
Stephens's  '  Memorials  of  the  See  of 
Chichester,'  119  and  124.  So  far  the  autho- 
rities have  found  no  evidence  as  to  any 
family  kinship  between  these  two  eminent 
prelates.  The  William  Read  mentioned  by 
your  correspondent  was  Archdeacon  of 
Chichester  1398-1411,  and  held  other  offices. 
The  '  D.X.B.'  biographer  thinks  that  he  may 
probably  have  been  a  relative  of  Bishop  Roberfc 
Reade.  C.  DEEDES. 

Chichester. 

"  STAT  CRUX  BUM  VOLVITUR  ORBIS  " 
(10th  S.  i.  309).— This  is  the  motto  of  the 
Carthusian  monks,  who  make  the  famous 
Chartreuse  liqueur.  Mr.  Ch.  Chaille-Long, 
the  writer  of  an  article  entitled  '  A  Visit  to 
the  Monastery  of  the  Grande  Chartreuse,' 
in  the  Catholic  World  for  October,  1894, 
tells  us  that  the  motto  and  the  arms  of 
the  Carthusians  were  composed  by  the 
"  Reverend  Father,"  or  General  of  the  Order, 
Dom  Martin,  in  1233.  The  accuracy  of  this 
statement  may  be  verified  by  the  assertion 
of  Helyot  in  his  '  Histoire  des  Ordres 
Religieux,'  vol.  vii.  cap.  lii.  p.  401,  §  2,  which 
runs  as  follows  : — 

"Dom  Martin,  onzieme  general  de  cet  Ordre  [des 
Chartreux],  lui  donna  pour  simbole  une  croix  pos6e 
sur  un  monde,  avec  cette  devise,  stat  crux  dnm 
volvitur  orbis." 

This  motto  was  at  one  time  the  cognizance 
of  an  Anglican  sisterhood  founded  by  the 
late  Dr.  Xeale,  who  unquestionably  pirated 
the  same.  It  is  of  interest  to  note  that  in  the 
same  locality  there  is  established  the  great 


394 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  MAY  u,  im 


Carthusian  monastery  of  Parkminster,  over 
the  outer  gateway  of  which  are  carved  the 
arms  and  the  motto  mentioned  by  Helyot, 
with  the  addition  of  seven  stars.  It  is  but 
just  to  add  that  when  these  ladies  discovered 
this  "  coincidence,"  namely,  that  they  were 
making  use  of  the  exclusive  cognizance  of 
the  Carthusians,  they  very  creditably  relin- 
quished it,  and  adopted  other  arms. 

B.  W. 

"BRIDGE"  :  ITS  DERIVATION  (10th  S.  i.  189, 
250,  297).— Sir  Horace  Rumbold,  describing 
St.  Petersburg  society  about  1869,  says  : — 

"  The  men,  of  course,  had  the  resource  of  the 
Yacht  Club,  with  high  play — for  those  who  cared 
for,  and  could,  or  could  not,  afford  it — at  ieralasch, 
a  Russian  form  of  whist,  which  1  take  to  be  the 
parent  of  the  now  so  popular  game  of  bridge."- 
'  Recollections  of  a  Diplomatist,'  1902,  vol.  ii. 
p.  260. 

WILLIAM  GEORGE  BLACK. 

FLESH  AND  SHAMBLE  MEATS  (10fch  S.  i.  G8, 
293). — In  connexion  with  this  query,  the 
following,  though  riot  a  reply,  may  be  of 
interest.  An  old  Devonian  servant,  now 
nearly  eighty  years  of  age,  in  describing  his 
early  days  on  a  farm,  said,  "  Us  didn't  have 
no  shammel  mate  ! " — that  is,  no  meat  killed 
in  the  shambles,  but  only  the  home-killed  pig 
in  its  various  forms. 

In  the  number  of  the  Somerset  and  Dorset 
Notes  and  Queries  for  March  is  the  text  of  a 
play  acted  by  Christmas  mummers  in  West 
Dorset.    On  p.  18  are  these  lines  : — 
Don't  tell  I  about  the  cock,  goose,  capon,  and  swan, 
That 's  not  the  diet  for  an  honest  old  husbandman. 
Let  I  have  a  good  old  rusty  piece  of  bacon,  a  peck 
of  (pickled?)  pork  and  a  douse  (?)  always  in 
my  house,  and  a  good  hard  crust  of  bread  and 
cheese  once  now  and  then, 
That 's  the  diet  for  an  honest  old  husbandman. 
(Mrs.)  ROSE-TROUP. 

"SCOLE  INN,"  NORFOLK  (10th  S.  i.  248, 
313).— I  have  the  engraving  published  in  the 
Imperial  Magazine,  1762,  and  there  it  is 
called  ' '  Schoale  or  Scale  Inn ."  Has  the  name 
any  connexion  with  the  word  scale,  so  com- 
mon in  place-names  of  the  Lake  District,  such 
as  Portinscale,  Seascale,  Scale  Hill,  Scale  Inn 
.and  Waterfall  inEnnerdale,  and  many  others  ? 
None  of  the  explanations  of  the  place-names 
seems  to  explain  the  meaning  of  this  word. 

A.  H.  ARKLE. 

That  the  Scole  Inn  means  the  inn  at  Scole. 
PROF.  SKEAT  may  be  certainly  assured.  I 
have  many  times  been  inside  that  great  inn, 
in  "  the  pleasant  village  and  parish  of  Scole 
two  miles  from  Diss,"  as  the  '  Norfolk  Direc- 
tory has  it.  The  '  Directory  '  of  1883  states 
tnat  the  bed  and  the  costly  sign  were 


"  destroyed  above  100  years  ago."  There  is  a 
fine  engraving  of  the  sign  in  the  Norwich 
Castle  Museum,  and  there  is  a  full  descrip 
tion  of  it  in  the  second  volume  of  the  '  Papers 
of  the  Norfolk  and  Norwich  Archaeological 
Society '  (p.  217).  The  proper  title  of  this 
celebrated  tavern  is  the  "White  Hart,"  and 
it  has  still  a  fine  oak  staircase  and  a  few 
remaining  picturesque  features,  carvings,  &c. 
In  'Domesday  Book'  the  village  stands  as 
Osrnundestuna,  and  it  is  sometimes  called 
Osmundiston  now,  though  the  shorter  Scole 
has  almost  superseded  the  ancient  name.  In 
the  Rev.  G.  Munford's  work  entitled  '  An 
Attempt  to  ascertain  the  True  Derivations 
of  the  Names  of  Towns  and  Villages,  and  of 
Rivers,  £c.,  of  the  County  of  Norfolk,'  1870 
(p.  165),  it  is  stated  that  the  place  is  "  com- 
monly known  as  Scole,  according  to  Blome- 
field  from  Scoles,  which  was  a  hamlet  to 
Osmundiston  in  Ed  ward  the  Third's  time,  but 
the  local  name  Scole  came  into  use  at  too  late 
a  period  to  warrant  our  looking  for  a  very 
early  origin." 

I  greatly  doubt  if  PROF.  SKEAT'S  ready 
reference  to  '  Promptoriuin  Parvulorum ' 
supplies  the  correct  derivation.  There  is  a 
poor  locality  in  Norwich  known  as  Scole's 
Green,  named,  I  believe,  after  some  former 
landowner  in  the  neighbourhood. 

I  take  leave  to  think  that  the  mediseval- 
joke  theory  is  anything  but  obvious. 

JAMES  HOOPER. 

Norwich. 

DAMAGE  TO  CORN  (10th  S.  i.  283).— The 
following  anecdote  of  S.  Herve,  given  in 
Alfred  Le  Grand's  'Les  Vies  des  Saints  de 
la  Bretagne  Armorique'  (pp.  235,  236),  is 
a  propos : — 

"Le Saint,  par  sesprieres, obtint  une  fraische 

fontaine  dans  ce  champ,  lequel  appartenoit  a  un 
honneste  personnage,  nomme  Innoco :  le  Saint  le  fit 
appeller.et,  luyayantfait  sgavoir  la  volontede  Dieu, 
le  supplia  de  fuy  donner  un  quartier  de  ce  champ 
pour  y  edifier  un  petit  Monastere  pour  soy  et  ses 
Moynes.  '  Ouy  bien  (dit  Innoco)  tnais  vous  ne 
dites  pas  que  mou  bled  est  encore  tout  vert,  et  par 
ainsi,  ce  que  vous  en  couperez  &  cette  heure  sera 
perdu  ;  patientez  un  peu  jusques  a  1'Aoust 
prochain. — Non,  non  (dit  saint  Herve)  il  n'en  ira 
pas  ainsi :  car  tout  autant  de  bled  que  je  vous 
couperay  maintenant,  autant  vous  en  rendray-je 
de  sec  et  meur  au  temps  de  la  moisson.'  A  cela 
il  s'accorda,  et  tous  commencerent  a  arracher 
du  bled,  lequel  ils  lierent  par  faisceaux  et  gerbes, 
et  les  mirent  k  part,  et  Dieu  les  favorisa  telle- 
ment  qu'au  temps  de  la  moisson  ces  gerbes  qui 
avoient  est£  cueillies  toutes  vertes  non  seulement 
devinrent  meures,  mais  outre  s'enflerent  et  multi- 
plierent  tellement,  que  d'une  on  en  fit  deux." 

Another  Breton  instance  worth  repeating 
occurs  in  Anatole  Le  Braz's  '  Au  Pays  des 


io*s.  i.  MAY  u,  loot]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


395 


Pardons '  (pp.  242,  243).  People  are  crowding 
to  see  the  great  bonfire  at  St.  Jean-du- 
Doigt  :— 

"Ce  n'est  pas  1'esplanade  settlement  qui  est 
envahie :  les  talus  d'alentour,  les  cultures  meme  qu'ils 
enclosent  sombrent,  sillon  apres  sillon,  sous  le  flux 
sans  cesse  grossissaut  oil,  parmi  le  noir  compact  des 
feutres  d'hommes,  la  legerete  des  coiffes  feminines 
frisotte  avec  des  blancheurs  d'ecume.  Vainement  les 
metayers  des  fertnes  voisines  s'efforcent  de  sauve- 
garder  leurs  champs. — Epargnez  au  moins  le  ble ! 
supplient-ils  d'un  ton  lamentable. — Bah  !  saint  Jean 
vous  dedommagera !  leur  est-il  riposte.  Notez 
qu'en  temps  ordinaire  ces  feroces  pietineurs  de 
moissons  tiendraient  pour  sacrilege  celui  d'entre 
eux  qui  se  risquerait  a  fouler  un  epi.  '  Sois  pieux 
envers  1'herbe  au  pain,  respecte-la  comme  ta  mere,' 
dit  un  proverbe  breton.  Mais  il  s'agit  bien  de 
proverbes,  le  jour  du  Tantad  !— Puis,  m'explique 
Parkik,  soyez  stir  qu'au  fond  les  paysaus  leses  ne 
sont  pas  aussi  faches  qu'ils  en  ont  Fair.  Us  ne 
sont  pas  nes  de  ce  matin.  Lorsqu'ils  ont  sem6,  a 
rautonme,  ils  savaient  de  science  certaine  que  la 
recolte  n'iraitpqinta  maturite.  S'ils  ont  seme  quand 

meme,  c'est  qu'il  leur  plaisait  ainsi II  y  a  des 

pertes  qui  sont  des  gains Orges,  froments,  seigles, 

saccages,  tout  cela,  monsieur,  c'est  L6d  an  Tdn 
(la  part  du  Feu) !  Et  1'offrande  qu'on  fait  au  feu,  le 
feula  rembourse  au  centuple. — Alors.ces  malheureux 
qui  se  plaignent  seraient  plus  malheureux  encore  si 
les  fideles  du  Tantad  ne  leur  donnaient  pas  sujet 
<Je  se  plaindre. — Comme  vous  dites.  La  preuve, 
c'est  qu'il  n'y  a  pas  dans  la  paroisse  de  fermiers  plus 
prosperes." 

ST.  SWITHIX. 

BOER  WAR  OF  1881  (10th  S.  i.  226,  277).— 
MAJOR  MITCHELL  will  find  much  detail  in 
that  very  interesting  paper  the  Neios  of  the 
Camp,  edited  by  Charles  Du-Valand  Charles 
Deecker.  Pretoria  from  within  was  well 
attended  to  during  the  whole  "100  days" 
of  trial.  Du-Val  and  his  co-editor  would,  or 
should,  have  "Varieties"  and  "Martini- 
Henrys  "  also.  A  copy  is  hard  to  find. 
Deecker  himself  has  not  got  one,  though  he 
owns  and  edits  a  paper  in  Cape  Colony. 

This  "100  days'"  diary  is  pleasant  read- 
ing, and  was  much  enjoyed  by  a  friend  of 
Du-Val's,  before  the  latter  finally  adopted 
the  "variety"  stage.  JAMES  HAY. 

Ennis. 

I  trust  that  the  following  incomplete  list 
of  authorities  may  be  of  some  help  to  MAJOR 
MITCHELL  :— Bellairs (Lady),  'The  Transvaal 
War,  1880-81,'  1885  ;  Carter  (T.  F.),  'Narra- 
tive of  the  Boer  War,  1881,'  1899  ;  Haggard 
(H.  Eider),  '  Cetewayo  and  his  White  Neigh- 
bours,' 1882  ;  Moodie  (D.  C.  F.),  '  History  of 
the  Battles  and  Adventures  of  the  British, 
the  Boers,  and  the  Zulus  in  South  Africa,'  &c., 
2  vols.,  Cape  Town,  1888  ;  Theal  (G.  McC.), 
*  History  of  the  Boers  in  S.  Africa,'  1887.  Con- 
sult also  Parliamentary  Papers  ;  the  London 
Gazette;  records  of  those  regiments  which 


took  a  part  in  the  war,  such  as  Porter  (W.), 
'Hist.  Corps  Royal  Engineers,' 2  vols.,  1889; 
biographies,  journals,  memoirs,  par  exemple, 
'  Life  of  Sir  G.  Pomeroy-Colley,'  and  '  Military 
Memoirs  of  Twenty-five  Years,'  1893,  by 
Sergeant-Major  Mole.  M.  J.  D.  COCKLE. 
Solan,  Punjab. 

MOON  FOLK-LORE  (10th  S.  i.  125,  175,  252).— 
Those  who  are  interested  in  this  subject  may 
like  to  know  how  the  new  moon  is  greeted  by 
Pathan  Muhammadans  and  other  dwellers  in 
the  Upper  Pan  jab.  On  seeing  a  new  moon 
people  first  of  all  make  a  lowly  triple  salaam. 
Then,  with  hands  joined  and  uplifted,  they 
say,  "  O  Moon,  may  you  be  lucky  ! "  or  they 
look  at  the  right  hand  and  wish ;  or  they  look 
at  a  piece  of  gold,  or  silver,  or  even  glass,  and 
breathe  a  prayer  for  good  fortune  whether  in 
love  or  in  business ;  or,  gazing  at  the  moon 
herself,  with  hands  reverently  joined,  they 
pray  for  luck,  or  for  peace  and  rest,  to  the 
angels  who  bear  the  moon  in  their  hands. 
CHARLES  SWYNXERTON. 

In  Ireland,  sixty  years  ago,  children,  at 
their  first  glimpse  of  the  new  moon,  were 
taught,  in  order  to  escape  bad  luck  or  some 
dire  calamity,  to  use  the  following  invoca- 
tion : — 

I  see  the  moon, 
And  the  moon  sees  me. 
God  bless  the  moon, 
And  God  bless  me. 

HENRY  SMYTH. 
Harborne. 

[These  lines  were  familiar  in  the  West  Riding  a 
couple  of  generations  ago.  ] 

DISGUISED  MURDERER  IN  FOLK  -  LORE 
(10th  S.  i.  266).— I  often  heard  a  tale  told  on 
somewhat  similar  lines  when  I  was  a  boy.  In 
this  case  it  was  a  farmer  on  his  way  to  Derby 
market.  The  details  were  somewhat  different, 
for  the  "  woman  "  who  wanted  a  lift  by  the 
way  was  shown  to  be  a  man  by  the  whiskers, 
which  were  revealed  through  the  slipping 
aside  of  the  poke  bonnet  and  mufflers  as 
the  man  was  getting  into  the  market  cart. 
Seeing  this,  the  farmer  swung  his  heavy  whip- 
stock,  knocking  the  man  off  the  step.  The 
basket  which  had  been  handed  up  contained 
a  big  carving-knife.  THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 

Worksop. 

STEP-BROTHER  (10th  S.  i.  329).— I  should 
have  no  doubt  that  the  sons  of  a  widower 
married  to  a  widow  are  not  step-brothers  to 
her  children  born  of  her  first  marriage.  If 
brought  up  in  one  family  they  would  natur- 
ally be  called  brothers  or  brother  and  sister  ; 
the  marriage  between  such  a  brother  and 
sister  is,  of  course,  perfectly  legal.  I  have 


396 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io»  s.  i.  MAY  u,  MM. 


known  a  case  j  such  cases  are  not  common, 
it  being  generally  supposed  that  children 
brought  up  in  one  household  are  not  prone 
to  fall  in  love.  If  two  men,  not  related, 
marry  two  sisters,  they  do  not  thereby 
become  brothers-in-law.  In  French  there  is 
but  one  word  —  beau-frere  —  for  step-brother 
and  brother-in-law.  How  came  the  word 
beau  to  be  used  in  this  sense  ?  T.  WILSON. 
Harpenden. 

GERMAN  PROPHECY  (9th  S.  xii.  330).—  See 
the  note  on  'Enweri'  in  'Noten  und  Abhand- 
lungen  zum  west-6'stlichen  Divan,'  by  Goethe, 
Weimar  ed.,  vol.  vii.  p.  54. 

J.  E.  R.  STEPHENS. 
Temple,  E.G. 

"  MONKEY  ON  THE  CHIMNEY  "  (10th  S.  i. 
288).—  The  saying  here  is  "monkey  on  the 
house,"  and  the  meaning  is  the  same—  a 
mortgage,  or,  as  some  put  it,  "the  house  is 
in  pop."  Quite  near  me  is  a  house  which  for 
many  years  has  been  known  as  "  the  monkey 
house  "—a  former  owner  had  mortgaged  it 
heavily.  Often,  with  reference  to  property, 
the  question  is  asked,  "  What  monkey  is  on  ?  " 

THOS.  RATCLIFFE. 
Worksop. 

GENEALOGY  :  NEW  SOURCES  (10th  S.  i.  187, 
218,  258).—  The  following  extract  from  the 
Admiralty  Bill  Books  speaks  for  itself  as  to 
the  value  of  them  in  matters  of  pedigree  :— 

."To  Sarah  Clarke  \vidw  of  Jeremy  Clarke,  late 
midshipman  on  board  the  Milford,  who  died  of  the 
WT  v  n,>e  uecd  in  fi£ht  against  the  French  the 
7  Jan/  96,  the  summ  of  16/.  10s.  being  their  Mai18 
Gracious  Bounty.  More  to  her  for  the  use  of  her 
fa  ve  children,  bam1,  aged  13  years  ;  Elizabeth,  aged 
10  ;  Edmund,  aged  9  ;  Sarah,  aged  5;  Michael,  aged 
%  at  51.  10*.  each,  Til.  10*.  In  all,  the  sum  of  forty- 
four  pounds.  Dated5Feb>1699/1700."-Bill  Book  77. 
GERALD  MARSHALL. 


'i          w10Ul  S"  L  327)--In  Act  I.  of 
Lady  Wmdermere's  Fan'   the  Duchess   of 
Berwick  says  :  ''Many  a  woman  has  a  past  ; 

tfff  fC        11  8Jle>,h^,  at  Jeaafc  a  dozen'  and 
,hat  they  all  fit."    This  play  was  given  for 

Snr?      onVu  the  Sfc>  Jarae3's  Theatre  on 
Saturday,  20  February,  1892. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 
ANTIQUARY  v.  ANTIQUARIAN  (10th  S  i  325) 
—1  can  remember  once  observing  to  a  lady 
who  applied  the  latter  term  to  me  that  I  w« 

mnS  £  ft"  6  and  not  an  adJective/'  which 
must  be  the  correct  answer.  The  former  is  an 
abstract  term  the  latter  a  concrete  term 
According  to  Butler,  an  abstract  implies  a 

res?n   ShS-if  ^?Jy  are  both  n(A  and 
Stuart  Mill  divides  them  into  conno- 


tative  and  non-connotative.  We  should  not 
recognize  Jonathan  Oldbuck  of  Monkbarns 
as  an  "antiquarian." 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 
^N'ewbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

I  quite  agree  that  the  use  of  the  adjective 
as  a  substantive  in  this  case  is  most  objec- 
tionable. I  think  it  would  be  better  to  use 
the  phrase  applied  to  myself  by  a  somewhat 
illiterate  colleague  on  a  public  body,  who 
asked  for  my  opinion  on  the  ground  that  I 
was  "an  antique  sort  of  person." 

E.  E.  STREET. 

FETTIPLACE  (10th  S.  i.  329).- This  name 
frequently  occurs  in  Sir  Thomas  Phillipps's 
'Chipping  Norton  Register '(British  Museum). 
Dr.  Marshall's  'Genealogist's  Guide'  also  con- 
tains a  number  of  references  to  the  same 
name.  WILLOUGHBY  A.  LITTLEDALE. 

I  am  the  possessor  of  many  deeds  tracing 
the  genealogy  of  the  Fettiplace  family  for 
centuries,  and  shall  be!  glad  to  hear  from 
C.  P.  E.  C.  DAVEY. 

Athenreum,  Bath. 

There  are  plenty  of  records  of  the  family 
of  Fettiplace  in  existence.  If  C.  P.  will  apply 
to  me  I  can  help  him  to  some  references. 

GEORGE  SHERWOOD; 

50,  Beecroft  Road,  Brockley,  S.E. 

There  are  wills  under  that  name  in  the 
literary  department  of  Somerset  House. 

D.  E.  F. 

Has  C.  P.  consulted  the  references  con- 
tained under  this  name  in  '  The  Genealogist's 
Guide,'  by  Dr.  George  W.  Marshall,  Rouge 
Croix  1  The  name  is  also  spelt  Fettyplacer 
Fetyplace,  and  Phetiplace. 

A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

St.  Margaret's,  Malvern. 

An  account  of  this  family  will  be  found  in 
Burke's  'Extinct  Baronets,'  but  fuller  details 
in  county  histories  and  'Landed  Gentry.' 
It  dates  from  Norman  times  in  the  person 
of  an  official  termed  "  usher  "  to  William  the 
Conqueror;  its  landed  possessions  involved 
branches  at  Child rey,  Bessel's  Leigh,  Fern- 
ham,  Lambourne,  Kingston  Lisle,  Swinbrook, 
Denchwith,  Letcombe.  The  baronetcy,  con- 
ferred in  1661,  failed  in  1743  from  want  of 
male  heirs,  but  is  represented  through 
females  by  Bushel,  who  assumed  the  original 
name  of  Fettiplace.  A.  it. 

Where  was  Ockwells  Manor  situated,  which 
C.  P.  mentions  at  the  above  reference  ?  I 
cannot  find  the  name  Ockwell  in  any  gazetteer 
in  my  library.  Doubtless  the  name  takes  its 


s.i.  MAY  14,  low.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


397 


•derivation  from  the  River  Ock  in  Berkshire, 
•or  from  the  parish  of  Ock  in  the  same  county. 

I  do  not  know  of  any  records  of  the  family 
of  Fettiplace,  but  near  Wantage  is  an  ancient 
building,  formerly  occupied  by  the  Fetti- 
places,  wherein  Charles  I.  slept  on  his 
inarch  from  Oxford  to  Marlborough. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Bradford. 

This  is  the  fifth  occasion  on  which  inquiries 
have  appeared  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  for  particulars 
of  persons  bearing  this  singular  name,  and 
information  has  generally  been  obtained. 
See  2nd  S.  iii.  ;  6th  S.  v. ;  7th  S.  vi.,  viii.  ; 
€th  S.  iv.  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

LECHE  FAMILY  (10th  S.  i.  207,  274,  293,  334). 
— Two  branches  of  this  family  have  pedi- 
grees in  Ormerod's  '  Cheshire,'  one  resident 
at  Mollington  on  the  Birkenhead  side  of 
Chester,  the  other  for  generations  occupying 
the  fine  old  hall  at  Garden,  close  to  Broxton 
station  of  the  line  between  Chester  and 
Mai  pas.  When  I  was  a  boy  the  then  squire 
•was  John  Hurleston  Leche,  High  Sheriff  of 
Cheshire  in  1853.  He  died  recently,  and  was 
succeeded  by  his  son,  also  John  Hurleston 
Leche,  who  was  born  19  November,  1858. 
Several  of  the  family  held  corporate  office 
in  the  city  of  Chester.  The  following  were 
sheriffs :  George  Leeche  (1536-7) ;  Henry 
Leeche  (1564-5);  Randal  Leeche  (1578-9)"; 
John  Leeche  (1628). 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 

Lancaster- 

LEGEND  OF  THE  COUNCIL  OF  CONSTANCE 
(10th  S.  i.  8). — Maikov  is  probably  adopting  for 
his  own  purposes  an  old  legend  of  the  Council 
of  Basle,  told  by  Heine  in  his  '  Germany,' 
first  part,  book  i.  On  Heine's  story  C.  G. 
Leland  has  the  following  note  ('The  Works 
of  Heiurich  Heine,'  vol.  v.,  pp.  13  14)  : — 

"It  may  interest  many  readers to  know  how 

Heine  himself  translated,  for  which  reason  I  give 
the  original  of  this  tale,  as  first  told  by  Manlius,  and 
repeated  by  Grosius  in  his  '  Magica,  seu  Mirabilium 
Historiarum  de  Spectris  et  Apparitionibus,'  Islebife, 
1597.  It  occurs  in  several  later  works.  Heine  took 
his  version  from  Kornmann,  Temp.  N.H.,  1611  : 
'  Docti  quidani  viri  in  Concilio  Basliensi  animre 
[Leland  animd]  gratia  in  sylvulam  egressi  fuerant, 
ut  amice  de  controversiis  illius  temporis  conferrent. 
Inter  eundum  [L.  eundem]  aviculam  in  modum 
lusciniffl  dulcissime  canentem  audiunt :  admirantur 
vocis  dulcedinem  ;  cujus  sit  avis  cantus  dubitant. 
Ingressi  silvam,  arbori  insidentem  aviculam  conspi- 
cantur,  eamque  citra  remissionem  quam  suavissime 
canentem  attentis  omnes  et  animis  et  auribus  aus- 
cultant.  Tandem  is,  qui  caeteris  cordatior  videri  vole- 
bat,  alloquitur  his  verbis  aviculam  :  "  Adjuro  te  in 
nomine  Christi,  ut  indices  nobis,  quis  sis?" 


Respoudit  avicula:  "  Se  esse  unam  ex  damnatis 
animabus,  et  destinatam  esse  ad  eum  locum,  usque 
ad  diem  novissimum.  et  tune  supplicium  aeternum 
subeundum  esse."  His  dictis  avolavit  ex  arbore, 
clamitans:  "O  quam  diuturna  et  immensa  est 
seternitas  !  "  "  Indieo  fuisse  Diabolum,"  inquit 
Philippus  Melancthon.  "  in  illo  loco  habitantem." 
Omnes  vero  qui  huic  adjurationi  interfuerunt, 
vehementer  negrotare  cceperunt,  et  paulo  post  sunt 
mortui  (*  In  Collectaueis  Manlii ')." 

Leland  goes  on  to  point  out  the  differences 
between  this  story  and  Heine's  version  of  it. 
JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

PERIODICALS  FOR  WOMEN  (10th  S.  i.  228, 
295). — Let  me  add  another  to  the  lists  which 
have  already  appeared — the  Ladies'  Cabinet, 
in  small  8vo,  illustrated  with  steel  engravings, 
price  sixpence  monthly.  It  certainly  ran  a 
career  for  several  years,  and  I  can  remember 
it  in  existence  in  1843. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

INDIAN  SPORT  (10th  S.  i.  349).— EMERITUS 
will  find  much  valuable  information  on  the 
subject  of  Indian  sport,  with  reference  to 
tiger  shooting,  buffalo  hunting,  snipe  shoot- 
ing, &c.,  in  a  work  en  titled  'Letters  on  Sport 
in  Eastern  Bengal,'  illustrated,  by  Frank  B. 
Simson,  of  the  Bengal  Civil  Service,  pub- 
lished by  R.  H.  Porter,  6,  Tenterden  Street, 
London,  in  1886.  Mr.  Simson  was  in  India 
from  1847  to  1873,  and  his  last  appoint- 
ment was  that  of  Commissioner  of  Dacca. 
During  those  years  he  was  a  most  distin- 
guished sportsman,  and  his  book  can  be 
thoroughly  relied  upon  for  accuracy  in  every 
respect.  He  never  exaggerated  his  exploits, 
and  there  is  no  embroidery  whatever  in  any 
of  his  descriptions. 

At  p.  33  he  writes  :  "  I  killed  nine  tigers  in 
the  first  three  days.  I  shot  on  the  island  of 
Duakin-Shabazpore."  Duakin-Shabazpore  is 
an  island  in  the  Soonderbuns,  near  Backer- 
gunge,  full  of  tigers. 

At  p.  116  Mr.  Simson  remarks  : — 

"As  to  the  size  of  the  tiger  you  will  has-e  very 
different  accounts.  There  was  an  article  on  this 
subject,  written  by  my  friend  Sir  Joseph  Fayrer 
in  Xature  for  November,  1878.  The  statements  of 
many  experienced  sportsmen  .were  recorded,  my 
own  among  the  number.  I  say  there  that  no  tiger 
killed  by  me  measured  more  than  eleven  feet  from 
snout  to  tail  when  properly  measured.  I  may 
remark  that  the  most  experienced  tiger-shooter  in 
my  own  service  stated  that  he  did  not  think  he  had 
once  killed  one  more  than  eleven  feet  and  a  few 
inches  long,  and  I  know  he  killed  between  four  and 
five  hundred  tigers.  The  conclusion  Sir  Joseph 
comes  to,  after  careful  comparison  of  accounts,  is 
that  anything  over  ten  feet  is  very  large,  but  that 
tigers  may  exceed  ten  feet  three  inches :  and  that 
in  a  few  rare  exceptional  instances  eleven  and  even 
twelve  feet  have  been  recorded." 


398 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [ioth  s.  i.  MAY  u,  1004. 


Again,  at  p.  151  this  grand  sportsman,  writ- 
ing of  an  exceptional  day  in  the  jungles  near 
Mymensing  in  February,  1866,  when  five 
tigers  were  shot  down,  remarks:  "I  never 
shot  five  tigers  at  any  other  time  ;  I  have 
killed  three  tigers  in  a  day  more  than  once." 
Of  elephants  he  observes  at  p.  89  : — 
"Elephants  are  delicate  animals  ;  they  often  ail, 
and  often  die  after  short  illnesses.  The  male 
elephant  belonging  to  the  Nazir  of  Noakholly,  and 
two  very  valuable  elephants  of  my  own,  died  while 
in  my  possession,  though  it  is  stated  that  the  life 
of  an  elephant  should  average  one  hundred  years." 
As  Warren  Hastings  left  India  for  England, 
never  to  return,  on  7  February,  1785,  the 
answer  to  the  question  "Is  the  elephant 
which  carried  Warren  Hastings  still  alive1?  " 
must  surely  be  in  the  negative. 

JAMES  WATSON. 
Folkestone. 

COLLINS  (10th  S.  i.  329).— The  Collins  family 
has  been  established  in  this  village  for  the 
past  170  years.  The  first  entry  in  our 
registers  is  the  marriage  of  Richard  Collins 
to  Mary  Ford  on  19  September,  1731.  At  the 
present  time  Collins  is  one  of  our  commonest 
surnames  ;  it  is  borne  by  no  fewer  than  five 
distinct  families,  all  of  whom  belong  to  the 
agricultural  labouring  class. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

EASTER  SEPULCHRE  (10th  S.  i.  265).— If  he  is 
not  already  familiar  with  the  book,  W.  C.  B. 
may  be  glad  of  a  reference  to  H.  J.  Feasey's 
'  Ancient  English  Holy  Week  Ceremonial ' 
(London,  Thos.  Baker,  1897),  which  contains 
much  interesting  matter  concerning  the 
Easter  Sepulchre,  pp.  129-78. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. " 
Great  Masters.  Part  XIV.  (Heinemann.) 
THE  fourteenth  part  of  this  choicest  of  art  publica- 
tions opens  with  a  portrait  of  Dr.  Peral,  by  Fran- 
cesco Jose  de  Goya,  in  character  a  sort  of  modern 
Cellini,  examples  of  whose  paintings  are  rare  in  this 
country.  The  present  work,  a  superb  picture  of  a 
man  in  a  species  of  Directoire  costume,  is  from  Mr. 
G.  Donaldson's  collection,  and  was  exhibited  at  the 
Guildhall  in  1901.  Some  of  Goya's  customary  traits 
are  shown  us  in  the  work,  which  depicts  a  strong 
and  singularly  resolute  man.  Gainsborough's 
'  Duke  and  Duchess  of  Cumberland,'  from  Windsor 
Castle,  exhibited  in  1777,  comes  next.  The  duke 
and  duchess  walk  arm  in  arm  in  a  park,  with  Lady 
Elizabeth  Luttrell  seated  in  the  background.  It 
is  almost  more  noticeable  as  landscape  than  as 
portraiture,  and  compares,  as  says  the  criticism 
appended,  with  the  work  of  Watteau.  Jan  Steen's 
'  Christmas  Eve,'  from  the  Rijksmuseum,  Amster- 


dam, is  a  signed  and  an  eminently  characteristic 
work  of  that  cheerful  master.  It  has  no  fewer  than 
ten  figures,  niost  of  them  supposed  members  of  the 
artist's  family,  and  has  a  sweet,  homely,  domestic 
atmosphere.  '  Venus  with  the  Mirror,'  by  Velas- 
quez, is  one  of  the  rare  examples  of  the  nude  by  this- 
greatest  of  masters.  The  figure  has  a  delicious  pose, 
partly  suggested,  as  is  rightly  said,  by  the  Roman 
statue  of  the  '  Hermaphrodite.'  The  model  has  her 
back  to  the  spectator,  and  is  reclining  on  a  couch, 
with  dark  drapery.  It  is  from  the  collection  of  Mr. 
H.  E.  Morritt,  and  seems  to  have  been  painted  for 
Philip  IV.  as  a  companion  to  a  Venus  executed  for 
Philip  II.  by  Titian.  Nothing  could  be  better  than 
the  slope  of  the  figure  and  the  poise  of  the  head. 

The  English  Catalogue  of  Books  for  1903.   (Sampson 

Low  &  Co.) 

THE  sixty-seventh  yearly  issue  of  '  The  English 
Catalogue  of  Books '  keeps  up  the  reputation  of  one 
of  the  most  useful  of  bibliographical  works.  It 
occupies  close  upon  three  hundred  pages,  and  gives, 
in  addition  to  a  list  of  the  works  published,  the 
names  and  addresses  of  the  publishers  of  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland,  and  the  principal  publishers  of 
the  United  States  and  Canada.  The  only  improve- 
ment we  can  suggest— and  it  applies  to  the  work 
from  the  beginning — is  that  Christian  names  should, 
when  possible,  be  given  in  full — as  Austin  (Alfred), 
instead  of  Austin  (A.).  In  some  cases,  where  two- 
men  have  the  same  initial,  as  for  instance  in> 
Smith  (J.),  confusion  might  be  caused.  The  work 
remains  indispensable. 

Reminiscences  and  Table   Talk  of  Samuel  Rogers. 

Edited  by  S.  H.  Powell.  (Brim ley  Johnson.) 
THIS  reprint  is  welcome.  With  some  alterations  of 
the  prefatory  matter,  it  supplies  the  contents  of 
Dyce's  '  Recollections  of  the  Table  Talk  of  Samuel 
Rogers,'  issued  in  a  handsome  and  limited  edition 
from  Southgate  in  1887.  The  portrait  is  different. 
Rogers's  '  Table  Talk '  is  interesting ;  much  of  it 
casts  a  strong  light  upon  literary  history  at  the 
beginning  of  last  century. 

Some  Letters  of  Saint  Bernard.    Selected  by  F.  A. 

Gasquet,  D.D.    (Hodges.) 

THIS  selection  appearing  in  a  series  of  "Great 
Letter- Writers,"  we  presume  we  are  intended  to- 
estimate  its  contents  not  so  much  for  their  weight 
and  religious  fervour  as  for  their  literary  excellence; 
No  one  probably  would  think  of  including  the- 
epistles  of  St.  Paul — with  the  exception,  perhaps, 
of  that  to  Philemon — in  such  a  series.  Our  present 
consideration  is  not  whether  the  Abbot  of  Clairvaux 
was  an  eminent  saint,  an  acute  theologian,  or  an 
influential  factor  in  the  life  of  Europe  in  the  twelfth 
century — all  which,  no  doubt,  he  was — but  how 
far  his  letters  deserve  to  be  regarded  as  typical 
specimens  of  the  art  of  letter-writing  in  point  of 
style  and  self-disolosure  of  the  writer.  Was  he  in 
any  sense  a  forerunner  of  Madame  de  Sevigne,  and 
Walpole,  and  Cowper,  and  Southey,  or  a  successor 
to  Cicero  and  Pliny  ?  On  the  contrary,  St.  Bernard 
seems  rather  to  have  grudged  the  time  spent 
in  necessary  correspondence  with  potentates  and 
his  co-religionists,  and  he  never  took  up  his  pen 
except  to  instruct  and  edify  or  arrange  matters  of 
business  concerning  the  welfare  of  his  monasteries. 
He  expressly  states  in  Letter  xxvi.  that  he  found 
correspondence  laborious  and  irksome,  a  task  frotn< 
which  he  would  gladly  be  exempt,  whereas  the  true- 


.  i.  MAY  u,  190*.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


399 


letter-writer  finds  it  as  facile  and  pleasant  as  con- 
versation itself.  Even  of  those  letters  essentially 
didactic,  the  selection  here  offered  does  not  seem  to 
be  happy.  That  numbered  lx.,  so  far  from  being 
suitable  for  a  popular  collection,  is  nothing  else  than 
a  dry  theological  treatise  of  thirty-five  pages  on  the 
errors  and  heresies  of  Abaelard,  and  even  this 
requires  a  long  prefatory  explanation  of  twenty-one 
pages. 

The  selection  is  made  from  the  excellent  transla- 
tion of  St.  Bernard's  works  by  Dr.  Eales.  and  in 
some  instances  the  editor  has  conveyed  the  material 
without  making  the  necessary  corrections  and 
excisions  of  cross-references  to  letters  and  passages 
not  contained  in  the  present  volume,  which  is 
puzzling  to  the  reader.  The  candour  of  the  modern 
Benedictine  is  to  be  admired  in  including  Letter  xl  v. , 
in  which  the  saint  earnestly  repudiates  the  newly 
introduced  Festival  of  the  Immaculate  Conception 
of  St.  Mary,  and  condemns  it  in  round  terms  as  "  a 
presumptuous  novelty,  against  the  custom  of  the 
Church." 

Sematography  of  the  Greek  Papyri,  by  F.  W.  G. 
Foat,  is  a  paper  of  great  interest  reprinted  from  the 
Journal  of  Hellenic  Sttidies.  The  first  word  of 
the  title  being  recently  invented,  we  believe,  and 
possibly  obscure  in  meaning  to  the  ordinary  reader, 
we  should  say  that  Dr.  Foat's  learned  study,  based 
on  the  examination  of  the  Greek  of  about  three 
hundred  papyri,  supports  the  thesis  that  the  various 
symbols  and  abbreviations  which  recur  are  not 
irrational  or  arbitrary,  but  natural  curtailments  of 
real  words.  In  fact,  the  cursive  hand  of  one  genera- 
tion is  the  symbol  of  the  next.  Some  such  process 
is  unconsciously  introduced  in  many  careless 
handwritings  of  to-day,  which  are  quite  easy 
to  us,  but  very  difficult  to  a  foreigner  not  used 
to  the  common  endings  of  our  language.  Dr. 
Foat  points  out  that  some  symbols  can  be  traced 
from  a  simple  ligatured  cursive  to  a  conventional 
form  ;  thus  a  mutilated  gamma  standing  for  yivtrai 
is  put  before  a  total.  The  whole  study  suggested 
is  extremely  interesting,  and  most  of  Dr.  Foat's 
results  are  ingeniously  worked  out,  with  abundant 
references  to  the  work  of  distinguished  exponents  of 
the  papyri,  both  German  and  English,  in  pioneer 
work  like  this  it  is  easy  to  be  led  away  on  fanciful 
paths,  data  not  being  obvious  for  intermediate 
forms,  but  we  think  that  Dr.  Foat  has  found  out  so 
much  which  is  certain  that  he  deserves  high  credit 
for  his  researches.  He  notes  by  the  way  that  it  is 
surprising  that  hundreds  of  common  words  have 
not  been  forced  into  abbreviated  forms  in  modern 
English.  The  eighteenth  century  was  in  this 
respect,  we  may  say,  more  daring  than  we  are 
to-day,  though  some  "copy"  for  the  press  would 
satisfy  even  a  zealous  reformer,  and  we  saw  in  a 
book  we  handled  but  yesterday  "  Norm."  printed 
in  the  current  text  throughout  for  Norman. 

IN  the  Burlington  appears  the  second  portion  of 
'  The  Drawings  of  Jean  Francois  Millet  in  the  Col- 
lection of  the  late  Mr.  Staats  Forbes.'  With  this  is 
§iven  a  brief  account  of  that  regretted  collector.  The 
esigns  include,  with  others,  those  for  'Le  Semeur,' 
'  Deux  Faneuses,' '  Les  Moissonneurs,"Le  Planteur,' 
'  Lea  Vignerons,'  '  Les  Bucherons,'  and  '  L'Homme  a 
la  Brouette.'  Specially  interesting  are  the  reproduc- 
tions of  the  miniatures  of  the  Harleian  MS.  of  '  The 
Chronicle  of  Jehan  Creton  concerning  Richard  II.' 
Half  these  superb  miniatures  are  reproduced  in 
the  present  number.  'Italian  Boxwood  Carvings 


of  th«  Sixteenth  Century '  and  '  Portraits  by  John 
Van  Eyck '  also  repay  close  study.  A  reproduction 
of  Leonardo's  'Portrait  of  Lucrezia  Crivelli,' from 
the  Louvre,  makes  a  fine  frontispiece  to  an  attrac~ 
tive  number. 

'LESLIE  STEPHEN  AND  HIS  WORK,'  in  the 
Quarterly  Review  for  April,  is  a  most  interest- 
ing paper  by  one  who  must  have  made  a 
study  of  Stephen's  career.  Stephen  was  a  typical 
utilitarian  of  the  higher  class,  and  conse- 
quently was  attracted  by  the  men  of  the  eigh- 
teenth century.  Those  among  us  who  are  at 
the  opposite  pole  of  thought  cannot  but  admire 
Stephen's  honesty  and  the  careful  manner  in  which 
he  avoided  all  overstatement.  "In  dealing  with 
Froude,"  we  are  told  "  Stephen  was  almost  too 
kind";  we  think  his  reviewer  errs  in  the  same- 
direction.  To  excuse  Froude's  blunders  and  para- 
doxes—not to  use  stronger  words — by  his  love  of 
mischief  is  surely  itself  mischief-making.  We  have 
a  right  to  demand  that  books  of  history  or  bio- 
graphy, if  written  at  all,  should  tell  the  truth. 
Froude's  style  is  not  of  such  a  transcendent 
quality  as  certain  persons  have  represented  it, 
but  it  is  quite  sufficiently  attractive  to  have  per- 
manently distorted  the  vision  of  those  who  have 
been  captured  by  it.  For  ourselves,  we  have  no 
hesitation  in  saying  that  Leslie  Stephen's  style  is- 
not  only  more  accurate,  but  far  nobler,  than  that 
of  the  man  who  gave  us  so  much  of  history  in 
masquerade.  To  speak  of  Freeman  as  not  having^ 
"  a  spark  of  humour "  is  outrageous,  as  every  one 
who  had  the  pleasure  of  knowing  him  will  testify  ? 
he  was,  however,  too  conscientious  to  distort 
history  for  the  sake  of  amusing  the  groundlings. 
The  reviewer  ends  his  paper  with  the  welcome  and 
absolutely  accurate  statement  that  it  is  impossible 
to  have  read  Stephen's  books  "  without  reverence 
for  the  fidelity  of  the  artist,  and  affection  for  the 
personality  of  the  man."  Mr.  Reginald  Blomfield's- 
'  Art  of  the  French  Renaissance '  has  given  us  great 
satisfaction.  The  Revolution  wrought  destruction- 
among  the  great  houses  of  France  almost  as  terrible 
as  what  occurred  to  our  monasteries  during  the 
period  of  the  Reformation.  We  have,  however, 
hardly  any  plans  or  drawings  of  the  great  Gothic 
buildings  which  were  swept  away  in  this  country, 
while  we  believe  that  many  of  the  great  French 
houses  that  have  disappeared  have  left  some 
memorials  behind  them — very  imperfect,  in  most 
cases,  it  is  true,  but  not  without  much  interest  for 
the  lovers  of  art.  It  is  not  clear  why  many  of  these- 
noble  structures  came  into  being  ;  our  interpretation' 
is  that  in  not  a  few  instances  it  was  merely  from  a 
feeling  of  vulgar  display,  for  among  the  French' 
aristocracy  the  love  of  home  life  which  has  been 
a  passion  with  Englishmen  was  well-nigh  unknown. 
We  have  evidence  of  this  in  the  fact  that  when 
taste  changed  the  great  nobles  neglected,  and  in 
some  instancese  ven  destroyed,  the  palaces  in  which 
their  forefathers  had  taken  pride,  for  it  must  be 
remembered  that  by  no  means  all  the  losses  we  have 
to  mourn  were  the  work  of  the  Revolutionists.  Mr. 
Edward  Wright  has  a  very  good  paper  on  'The 
Novels  of  Thomas  Hardy,'  and  Mr.  Henry  James 
writes  skilfully,  if  not  wisely,  on  Gabriele  D'An- 
nunzio. 

'  SIR  GEORGE  TREVELYAN  ON  THE  AMERICANA 
REVOLUTION,'  in  the  Edinburgh  Review  for  April, 
is  a  remarkably  picturesque  paper,  but  we  are  not 
in  full  sympathy  with  some  of  the  critic's  con- 


400 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io»  s.  L  MAY  u,  190*. 


elusions.  Of  course  we  must  admit  that  the  line 
taken  by  George  III.  and  his  advisers  was  technic- 
ally defensible  —  unanswerable,  indeed,  from  the 
pedant's  point  of  view— but  this  affords  no  justi- 
fication whatever  for  a  reversal  of  the  verdict  which 
posterity  has  almost  unanimously  given  against  it. 
Our  Civil  War  of  the  seventeenth  century  had  then 
been  fought  out  little  more  than  a  hundred  years. 
Now  it  has  become  a  mere  matter  of  history,  like 
the  Crusades  or  the  Plantagenet  wars  in  France, 
known  to  the  non-reading  class  from  school-books 
or,  it  may  be,  university  lectures  ;  but  then  many 
men  were  alive  whose  grandfathers  had  suffered  in 
the  contest,  and  traditions  were  living  in  every 
«ounty — nay,  in  alniost  every  village— of  the  sorrows 
and  hardships  which  Englishmen  had  endured.  We 
are  aware  that  the  issues  on  the  two  occasions  were 
by  no  means  strictly  parallel,  but  they  were  nearly 
eo,  and  to  the  American  mind  as  well  as  to  the 
sympathizers  at  home  they  presented  a  far  closer 
analogy  than  they  now  do  to  the  student  who  views 
them  in  the  dry  light  of  history.  The  hiring  of 
German  soldiers,  also,  to  slaughter  our  own  people 
across  the  Atlantic  was  an  unpardonable  outrage, 
which  it  is  hard  to  forgive  even  now,  though  far 
more  than  a  century  has  passed  away  ;  but  an  even 
deeper  stain  rests  on  the  rulers  of  those  German 
states,  who  saw  no  harm  in  selling  "  their  subjects 
to  be  slaughtered  in  hundreds  or  thousands  in  a 
cause  of  which  they  had  no  knowledge,  and  in 
which  they  had  no  concern."  '  The  Women  of  the 
Renaissance,'  so  far  as  it  treats  of  its  birth-land — 
Italy — is  exceptionally  good  ;  but  we  can  say  little 
in  commendation  of  the  latter  part,  wherein  the 
ladies  of  France  are  noticed.  In  France  a  move- 
ment which,  on  its  inception,  was  distinctly  a 
matter  of  culture  only,  soon  became  so  blended 
with  narrow  theological  schemes  that  it  lost  its 
humanistic  flavour.  The  Renaissance  in  its  purity 
was  to  be  found  in  Italy,  and,  as  it  seems  to  us, 
nowhere  else,  though  in  diluted,  and  often  cor- 
rupting, forms  it  spread  its  influence  over  the 
whole  of  the  west  of  Europe.  We  hear  much  of 
Isabella  d'Este,  a  stately  and  lovable  figure,  of 
whom  we  can  never  tire,  though,  with  all  her 
learning  and  attractiveness,  there  were  traits  in 
her  character  which  give  pain  to  the  modern  mind. 
For  example,  when  the  wife  of  her  brother  Alphonso 
died  her  "only  idea  was  to  send  him  her  dwarf  for 
consolation."  This  was  perhaps  not  so  strange  as 
it  seems.  There  may  have  been  reasons  which, 
could  we  know  the  details,  would  change  the  aspect 
of  this  grotesque  incident  into  a  real  act  of  thought- 
ful kindness  ;  but  it  is  impossible  to  find  any  excuse 
for  her  treatment  of  the  painter  Mantegna  when 
old,  poor,  and  in  debt.  To  take  from  him  his 
greatest  treasure,  "an  antique  head— a  Faustina — 
which  he  loved  more  passionately,  perhaps,  than 
any  human  being,"  and  then  not  to  fulfil  the  terms 
of  her  cruel  contract,  was  a  piece  of  heartlessness 
which  it  is  impossible  to  excuse.  Yet  she  was  a 
woman  of  deep  and  constant  affection,  as  is  shown 
by  her  treatment  of  her  husband  when  she  had 
much  to  complain  of.  It  is  indicated  also,  as  some 
will  maintain,  by  her  having  a  cypress-shaded 
•cemetery  for  her  favourite  cats.  '  The  Letters  of 
Horace  Walpole'  relate  to  a  fascinating  subject. 
What  the  writer  stigmatizes  as  "Lord  Macaulay's 
fierce  assault  on  Walpole  "we  admit  required  an 
answer,  and  here  we  have  it  executed  with  great 
care  and  discretion;  but  as  the  Whig  historian 
failed  in  one  direction,  so  the  present  writer  has 


done  in  another.  No  one  will  question  that  the 
Walpole  correspondence  is  valuable  on  account  of 
the  multitude  of  social  facts  embedded  therein  ;  so, 
for  that  matter,  are  Tom  Hearne's  diaries ;  but 
there  are  persons  who,  not  content  with  this,  regard 
Walpole's  carefully  elaborated  style  as  a  something 
good  in  itself.  He  was  a  man  of  moods  and  feelings, 
and  his  attitude  to  many  of  his  contemporaries 
shows  an  incapacity  for  appreciating  characters 
different  from  his  own.  Had  this  arisen  from 
political  prejudice  many  excuses  might  be  made, 
for  -we  all  know  how  very  far  political  hatreds 
reach  ;  but  we  are  convinced  that  Walpole's  ani- 
mosities arose  from  far  shallower  motives.  '  The 
Philosophy  of  Herbert  Spencer '  is  one  of  the  fairest 
articles  we  have  encountered  on  a  subject  which 
is  now  undergoing  discussion  everywhere. 

To  the  "  Little  Library"  of  Messrs.  Methuen  has 
been  added  a  complete  edition  of  The  Poems  of 
Henry  Vaughan  (the  Silurist),  edited  by  Mr. 
Edward  Hutton.  It  includes  '  Silex  Scintillans,' 
'Olor  Iscanus'  (1651),  'Thalia  Rediviva'  (1678), 
'Pious  Thoughts  and  Ejaculations,'  'Hymns,' and 
other  writings  o_f  an  author  whose  works  are  not, 
easily  accessible  in  so  comprehensive  and  convenient 
a  shape. — Messrs.  Methuen  have  also  issued  a  useful 
and  well-illustrated  guide  to  Hampshire,  by  Dr.  J. 
Charles  Cox,  F.S.A. 

To  Bell's  "Miniature  Series  of  Musicians"  have 
been  added  satisfactory  lives,  with  portraits  and 
other  illustrations,  of  Mendelssohn  and  Handel. 


10 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 

Eut  in  parentheses,   immediately  after  the  exact 
eading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which    they    refer.      Correspondents    who    repeat 
queries    are    requested  to   head   the  second  com- 
munication "  Duplicate." 

Hie  ET  UBIQUE  ("Rime  v.  Rhyme").  —  Because 
the  former,  invariably  used  by  Shakespeare,  is 
correct,  and  the  latter  an  error,  based  on  a  mis- 
conceived analogy  with  rhythm. 

Q.  E.  D.  ("Women  and  Crests''). — See  the  long 
discussion  on  the  right  of  women  to  arms,  9th  S. 
ix.,  x.,  xi. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
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io«-s.i.MAvu,i904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

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401 


LONDON,  SATURDAY.  MAY  11,  190ft. 


CONTENTS.-No.  21. 

NOTES --Lincoln's  Inn,  401  — Proverbs  in  the  Waverley 
Novels,  402-  Substituted  Portrait  of  Raleigh,  403  — 
•"  Haklet "— "  Pontificate  "  —  Bell's  '  Chaucer '— "  Schlen- 
ter"  — 'The  Scots  Peerage,'  404  —  Aristotle  and  Moral 
Philosophy  —  Hawker's  '  Trelawny '  Anticipated— Carter 
Braxton— St.  Paul's  Quotation  from  Bpimenides,  405— 
Mother  Shipton— Phctbe  Hessel,  the  Stepney  Amazon- 
Sex  before  Birth,  406. 

QUKRIBS:-"The  glory  of  the  Methodists  "—Jeremy  Taylor 
Quotations— North  Devon  May  Day  Custom,  406— Port 
Arthur  —  Worm  —  "  Painted  and  popped"  — Lieut.-Col. 
Cross  —  Building  Customs  and  Folk-lore  —  "Jenion's 
Intack"— 'The  Children  of  the  Chapel'— Wolverhampton 
Pulpit— Gilbert,  407— Marlowe's  Birth— "En  pentenne  " 
—  Tiger-claw  Weapon  —  Lyon  Family  —  Tighern-mas  - 
Catesby— Arms  on  Sarpi's  'Council  of  Trent.'  408— Pre- 
scriptions —  French  Poems  — Poems  on  Shakespeare  — 
"Luther's  distich"— The  Poet  Close— The  Syer-Cuming 
Collection— Taylor  the  Platonist— Watson  of  Hamburg, 
409. 

EBPLIBS  :—"  Hanged,  drawn,  and  quartered,"  410— Mar- 
tello  Towers,  411  — 'The  Grenadier's  Exercise  of  the 
Grenado '— "  Kick  the  bucket  "—Cathedral  High  Stewards 
—'Athens;  Cantabrigienses '— Speaker  Smith,  412— Cold 
Harbour:  Windy  Arbour— Walbeoff  Family— Kev.  Arthur 
Galton,  413— Mark  Hildesley— Byard  Family— Miniature 
of  Sir  Isaac  Newton— Links  with  the  Past,  414— Bishop 
Hinds— St.  Finaof  Gimignano — 17,  Dean's  Yard— Shanks's 
Mare,  415— "  Feed  the  brute  " —  Wellington's  Horses- 
Shakespeare's  Grave— Wilton  Nunnery,  416— The  Lobis- 
home— Birch  Family — Nelson  and  Wolsey — Dr.  Alexander 
Garden,  417. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :—  Stubbs's  '  Lectures  on  European 
History' — Collins's  "Sir  Thomas  More's  Utopia' — Book- 
sellers"' Catalogues. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


LINCOLN'S  INN. 

A  NOTEWORTHY  contribution  has  recently 
been  made  by  Mr.  W.  Paley  Baildon,  F.S.A., 
in  vol.  iv.  of  the  Lincoln's  Inn  Records, 
known  as  the  Black  Books,  of  which  he  is  the 
learned  editor,  to  the  old  controversy  as  to 
whence  the  site  now  known  as  Lincoln's  Inn 
derived  its  name. 

It  has  been  generally  agreed  by  London 
topographers  that  the  Society  succeeded  to 
the  possession  of  the  town  house  of  Henry 
Lacy,  last  Earl  of  Lincoln,  who  died  full  of 
years  and  honours  in  the  year  1311,  and  took 
their  title  from  him. 

But  Mr.  Baildon  suggests  that,  though  the 
latter  statement  is  correct,  the  former  is  a 
mistake,  and  his  theory,  which  is  both 
ingenious  and  possible,  and  possesses,  more- 
over, the  somewhat  uncommon  merit  of 
originality  is  briefly  as  follows. 

1.  It  is  certain  that  this  nobleman  owned 
considerable  property  in  the  immediate 
neighbourhood,  including  the  Manor  of 
Holborn,  and  that  he  did  purchase  the  house 
of  the  Black  Friars  near  the  top  of  Chancery 
Lane,  whence  Stow  and  his  successors  sur- 
mised that  Lincoln's  Inn  must  be  on  the  site 
of  that  house.  This  assumption,  however,  is 


erroneous.  The  Earl's  private  mansion  was 
not  on  the  site  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  nor  in 
Chancery  Lane  at  all ;  it  stood  at  the  north- 
east corner  of  Shoe  Lane,  close  to  St.  Andrew's 
Church.  In  later  times  it  passed  to  the 
Stanley  family,  and  was  identical  with 
"  Darby  Howse  in  Showe  Lane,"  as  it  was 
called  on  a  document  dated  1548 ;  and  it 
was  not  finally  swept  away  until  1855. 

2.  The  site  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  as  we  know 
it,  was  granted  by  King  Henry  III.  in  1226 
to  Ralph  Neville,  Bishop  of  Chichester.    He 
built  a  palace  upon  it,  and  died  there  in  1244. 
It  was  occupied  by  his  successors  in  the  see 
until  the  death  of  Bishop  Reade  in  1415. 

3.  In  1422— at  which  date  the  Black  Books 
commence — the  Society  of  Lincoln's  Inn  are 
found  in  occupation  of  the  bishops'  property, 
paying  rent  for  it  to  the  see,  and  they  con- 
tinued to  pay  rent  until  they  purchased  the 
freehold  in  1580. 

How  then  came  it  about  that  a  society 
living  on  the  property  of  the  Bishops  of 
Chichester  was  yet  named  after  the  Earl 
of  Lincoln,  and  adopted  his  arms  ? 

Mr.  Baildon  finds  a  clue  in  a  statement  of 
Dugdale's  :— 

"  Of  this  Henry,  Earl  of  Lincolne,  is  the  tradition 
still  current  amongst  the  Antients  here  [i.e.,  at 
Lincoln's  Inn]  that  he,  about  the  beginning  of  King 
Edward  the  Second's  time,  being  a  person  well 
affected  to  the  knowledge  of  the  Lawes,  first  brought 
in  the  professors  of  that  honourable  and  necessary 
study,  to  settle  in  this  place:  but  direct  proof 
thereof  from  good  authority,  I  have  not  as  yet  seen 
any." 

It  is  clear  that  the  tradition  was  inaccurate. 
The  Earl  certainly  could  not  have  "brought 

in  the  professors to  settle  in  this  place," 

but  it  is  quite  possible  that  he  might  well 
have  been  the  founder  or  patron  of  the  Society 
in  another  place. 

Now  opposite  his  house  in  Shoe  Lane  there 
lived  a  body  of  lawyers  and  students  in  whom 
he  took  the  deepest  interest,  and  doubtless 
he  proved  himself  a  kind  and  munificent 
patron  to  his  scholarly  neighbours.  We  do 
not  know  what  the  name  of  this  body  was. 
What  can  be  more  probable  than  that  out  of 
gratitude  they  assumed  the  Earl's  title  and 
called  themselves  the  Society  of  Lincoln's 
Innl 

The  Society  flourished  and  outgrew  the 
resources  of  their  hospitium.  What  was  to  be 
done  1  Building  was  impossible,  as  their 
funds  were  insufficient,  and,  moreover,  the 
dwelling  in  which  they  lived  was  not  their 
own  property.  It  belonged  to  one  Thavie,  an 
armourer,  who  died  in  1348,  and  who,  in  his 
will,  refers  to  "iliud  hospitium  in  [quo] 
apprenticii  habitare  solebant."  They  must, 


402 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  MAY  21,  im. 


then,  either  divide  and  found  elsewhere  a 
colony,  as  it  were,  or  the  Society  as  a  whole 
might  migrate  to  another  building  of  greater 
capacity. 

In  1347,  or  thereabouts,  a  number  of  them 
actually  did  move  into,  and  joined,  if  they 
did  not  found,  the  legal  colony  in  the  Temple  ; 
but,  notwithstanding  the  relief  thus  afforded, 
their  numbers  continued  to  increase.  Luckily 
Lord  Furnival's  house  and  gardens  in  Hoi- 
born  before  very  long  became  available,  and 
the  Society  removed  thither  in  a  body  at  some 
date  before  1383,  still  retaining  their  "usuall 
and  antient  name  "of  Lincoln's  Inn. 

When  this  occurred  the  owners  of  the  old 
premises  would  probably  wish  to  get  a  similar 
class  of  tenants  to  replace  them  ;  and  it 
would  be  only  natural  that  the  original  body 
would  desire  to  keep  up  its  associations  with 
its  old  quarters,  sending  readers  to  the  new 
tenants  there,  and  admitting  them  as 
members  on  more  easy  terms  than  were 
granted  to  outsiders.  This,  in  fact,  happened, 
and  the  new  Society  assumed  the  name  of 
the  old  armourer,  and  styled  themselves 
Thavies  Inn. 

The  old  Society  of  Lincoln's  Inn  continued 
to  flourish  in  their  new  location  to  such  an 
extent  that,  in  less  than  forty  years,  larger 
accommodation  again  became  imperative.  At 
that  time  the  Bishop  of  Chichester's  property 
became  vacant,  and  they  moved  bodily  once 
more  from  Lord  Furnival's  premises  to  Chan- 
cery Lane,  just  as  they  had  before  removed  to 
Lord  Furnival's  house  from  Shoe  Lane,  still 
retaining  the  old  title  by  which  they  had 
then  been  so  long  distinguished  ;  and  they 
were  succeeded  in  their  Holborn  quarters  by 
a  new  subsidiary  body,  which  then  took  the 
name  of  Furnival's  Inn. 

Thus  the  bishops'  palace  became  the 
liospitium  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  i.e.,  of  the 
Society  of  that  name,  and  thus  also  may  the 
connexion  between  that  Society  and  the  Inns 
of  Chancery  known  as  Furnival's  Inn  and 
Thavies  Inn  respectively  be  easily  and  reason- 
ably accounted  for. 

The  above  is  but  the  barest  outline  of  Mr. 
Baildon's  suggestion.  For  the  arguments  by 
which  it  is  supported,  and  the  more  detailed 
reasons  on  which  he  relies,  recourse  must  be 
had  to  the  work  in  which  it  first  saw  the 
light.  The  perusal  cannot  fail  to  be  of  much 
interest  to  those  who  take  pleasure  in  such 
studies,  and  readers  of  'N.  &  Q.'  may  be  glad 
to  have  their  attention  called  to  the  subject. 
ALAN  STEWART. 

7,  New  Square,  Lincoln's  Inn. 


LOCAL  AND  PERSONAL  PROVERBS  IN  THE 

WAVERLEY  NOVELS. 

(See  ante,  p.  383.) 

Tvanhoe. 

I  am  like  John-a-Duck's  mare  that  will  let  no 
man  mount  her  but  John-a-Uuck. — Chap.  xxvu 
The  Monastery. 

An  the  whole  pack  of  ye  were  slain,  there  were 
more  lost  at  Flodden.— Chap.  x.  (See  'The  For- 
tunes of  Nigel,'  xv.) 

Mac-Farlane's  geese  which  liked  their  play  better 
than  their  meat. — xiii.  (Also  in  '  The  Abbot,'  xix.) 

I  make  my  vow  to  sun  and  moon,  I  will  not  see  a 
proper  lad  .so  misleard  [ill-taught,  ill-bred]  as  to 
run  the  country  with  an  old  knave,  like  Simmie  and 
his  brother. — xxiv.  (See  '  The  Fortunes  of  Nigel,* 
xv.) 

The  Abbot. 

The  tongue  of  a  tale-bearer  breaketh  bones  as 
well  as  a  jeddart  -  staff. — Chap.  iv.  (See  '  The 
Fortunes  of  Nigel,'  xxxiii.) 

And  so  she  'scapes  Border  doom  [i.e.  death].— 
xviii. 

While  Adam  Woodcock,  after  he  had  compared 
his  companion  to  the  "  Laird  of  Mac-Farlane's- 
geese  who  liked  their  play  better  than  their  meat." 
— xix.  (See 'The  Monastery,' xiii.) 

Kenilworth. 

Do  not  scowl  on  them  like  the  devil  looking  over 
Lincoln. — Chap.  i.  (Also  in  '  The  Fortunes  of 
Nigel,'  xxi.) 

By  Pol,  Tre,  and  Pen, 

You  may  know  the  Cornishmen. — i. 

Whose  neck  is  beyond  the  compass  of  a  Tyburn 
tippet. — iii.  (See  "a  St.  Johnstone's  tippet," 
'  Waverley,'  xxxix.,  and  '  Old  Mortality,'  vii.) 

"  The  hope  of  bettering  myself,  to  be  sure," 
answered  Lambourne,  "as  the  old  woman  said 
when  she  leapt  over  the  bridge  at  Kingston." — iv. 
(This  is  in  Sam  Weller's  manner.)  vjiM>S"'2' 

Make  yourself  scarce— depart — vanish— or]  we'll 
have  you  summoned  before  the  Mayor  of  Halgaver, 
and  that  before  Dudman  and  Ramhead  meet. — iv.  ~ 

He  was  born  at  Hogsnorton,  where,  according  to 
popular  saying,  the  pigs  play  upon  the  organ. — ix. 
(See  also  '  Woodstock,'  iii.) 

The  Pirate. 

Very,  very  Fifish  [crazy,  eccentric]. — Chap,  ix, 
(See  'Redgauntlet,'  vii.) 

Lambmas  brother  and  sister. — xxxii.  (See  verses 
and  foot-note.) 

Drunk  as  Davy's  sow. — xxxiv.  ("David's  sow  " 
in  'Redgauntlet,'  xiv.) 

They  [Mr.  Yellowley's  bees]  died  of  ower  muckle 
care,  like  Luckie  Christie's  chickens.— xxxv. 

The  Fortunes  of  Nigel. 

The  Scot  will  not  fight  till  he  see  his  own  blood. 
— Chap.  i. 

He  came  to  an  Annandale  end  at  the  last. — v. 
(This  appears  to  mean  that  he  was  slain  in  fighting, 
not  executed.) 

It 's  ill  taking  the  breeks  aff  a  wild  Highlandman. 
— v.  (See  '  Waverley,'  xlviii.,and  '  RobRoy.'xxvii.) 

There  was  mair  tint  [lost]  on  Flodden-edge. — xv. 
(See  '  The  Monastery,' x.) 

As  sib  [related  by  blood]  as  Simmie  and  his 
brother. — xv.  (See  '  The  Monastery,'  xxiv.) 

You  look  on  me  as  the  devil  looks  over  Lincoln. — 
xxi.  (See  '  Kenilworth,'  i.) 


io*  s.  i.  MAY  -21, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


403 


Thou  knowest  no  more  of  a  woman's  heart  than 
doth  a  Norfolk  gosling. — xxi. 

We  shall  put  you  in  the  way  to  walk  with  your 
beaver  cocked  in  the  presence,  as  an  [i.e.  if]  ye  were 
Earl  of  Kildare.— xxiii.  (Qy.  Is  this  a  proverbial 
saying  ?) 

I  come  as  Harry  Wynd  fought,  utterly  for  my 
own  hand,  and  on  no  man's  errand. — xxxi.  (See 
'  Rob  Roy,'  xx vi.) 

Todlowrie,  come  out  o'  your  den. — xxxi.  (Is  this 
a  proverbial  saying?) 

I  ken  nae  Court  in  Christendom  where  knaves 
are  not  to  be  found  ;  and  if  men  are  to  break  the 
peace  under  pretence  of  beating  them,  why,  it  will 
rain  Jeddart  staves  in  our  very  antechamber. — 
xxxiii.  (See  4  The  Abbot,' iv.) 

Though   they  threatened  to  make  me  hug  the 
Duke  of  Exeter's  daughter  [i.e.  the  rack]. — xxxv. 
Peceril  of  the  Peal:. 

Until  "  Take  him,  Tppham,"  became  a  proverb, 
and  a  formidable  one,  in  the  mouth  of  the  public. 
— Chap.  xx. 

To  forget  the  Manx  custom  of  bolting  the  boiled 
meat  before  the  broth,  as  if  Cutlar  Mac  Culloch  and 
all  his  whingers  were  at  the  door. — xxii. 

What,  Master  Peveril,  is  this  your  foreign 
breeding?  or  have  you  learned  in  France  to  take 
French  leave  of  your  friends? — xxiii.  (See 'Red- 
gauntlet,'  xiv.) 

One  may  see  with  half  an  eye,  for  all  your  laced 
doublet,  that  you  have  been  of  the  family  of 
Furnival's  before  your  brother's  death  sent  you  to 
Court. — xxvii.  (Qy.  meaning?) 

Quentin  Dunvard. 

I  am  of  the  Douglases'  mind,  who  always  kept 
the  fields,  because  they  loved  better  to  hear  the 
lark  sing  than  the  mouse  squeak. — Chap.  iv.    (Also 
in  'The  Fair  Maid  of  Perth,'  xxx.) 
St.  Sonan's  Well. 

So  far  as  society  was  concerned,  on  the  road 
towards  the  ancient  city  of  Coventry. — Chap.  xii. 
(See  'Guy  Mannering/  xxxii.) 

But,  Captain  MacTurk,  since  sae  it  be  that  ye 
are  a  captain,  ye  may  e'en  face  about  and  march 
your  ways  hanie  again  to  the  tune  of  Dumbarton 
drums. — xii.  (See  '  Waverley,'  xxxiv.) 

Your  memory  must  have  been  like  Pat  Murtough's 
greyhound,  that  let  the  hare  go  before  he  caught 
it. — xxx. 

As  for  first  cousins — wheugh  !  that 's  all  fair — 
fire  away,  Flanigan  '.—xxxi.  (Capt.  MacTurk  stating 
his  views  on  "  prohibited  degrees"  in  duelling.) 

My  eye,  and  Betty  Martin. — xxxi. 
Redgauntlet. 

The  Aberdeen-man's  privilege  of  "taking  his  word 
again,"  or  what  the  wise  call  second  thoughts. — 
Letter  vii. 

And  then  bob  it  [.dance]  away,  like  Madge  of 
Middlebie.—  Letter  xii. 

"  I  was  just  coming  to  it."  "  As  Tweed  comes  to 
Melrose,  1  think,"  said  the  litigant. — Letter  xiii. 

He's  dead  foundered,  man,  as  cripple  as  Eckie's 
mear  [mare].— Chap.  v. 

"Just  Fifish,"  replied  Peter ;  "  wowf— a  wee  bit 
by  the  East  Nook  or  sae "  [crazy]. — vii.  (See 
'  The  Pirate,'  ix.) 

Geneva  text.— xiii.     (See 'Old  Mortality,'  xi.) 

As  drunk  as  David's  sow. — xiv.  (See  '  The  Pirate,' 
xxxiv.) 

French  leave.  — xiv.  (See  '  Peveril  of  the  Peak,' 
xxiii.) 


No  Dutch  courage  for  me. — xv.  (See  '  The  Hearb 
of  Mid-Lothian,'  xxx.,  and  '  Woodstock,'  xii.) 

Cave  ne  ^literas  Bellerophontis  adferres. — xvi, 
(See  the  or^fiara  \vypa  of  King  Proitos,  '  Iliad,' 
vi.  168.) 

Downright  Dunstable.— xvii.  (See  also  '  Guy 
Mannering,'  xvi.) 

Giving    Scarborough  warning,    first    knock    you 
down,  then  bid  you  stand. — xix. 
Woodstock. 

A  ragged  Robin.— Chap.  ii.  (Note.— The  keeper's 
followers  in  the  New  Forest  are  called  in  popular 
language  Ragged  Robins.) 

Trip  like  the  noodles  of  Hogs-Norton  when  the 
pigs  play  on  the  organ. — iii.  (See  '  Kenilwprth,'  ix.) 

He  concluded  that  they  had  been  fortifying  them- 
selves against  the  horrors  of  the  haunted  mansion 
by  laying  in  a  store  of  what  is  called  Dutch  courage, 
—xii.  (See  '  The  Heart  of  Mid-Lothian,'  xxx.,  and 
'  Redgauntlet,'  xv.) 

You  taught  him  to  know  the  Duke  of  Norfolk 
from  Saunders  Gardner  [alluding  to  fencing]. — xviii. 
(Qy.  Who  is  Saunders  Gardner?) 

Quoit  him  down  stairs  instantly,  Joceline.  Know 
we  not  Galloway  nags  ? — xix.  (See  '  2  Henry  IV.,' 
II.  iv.) 

I  think  he  could  eat  a  horse,  as  the  Yorkshireman 
says,  behind  the  saddle. — xx. 

So,  sir,  I'm  making  up  for  lost  time,  as  the  piper 
of  Sligo  said  when  he  ate  a  haill  sideo'  mutton. — xx. 
Again  in  Sam  Weller's  way.  (See  'Kenilworth, 
iv.) 

Chronicles  of  the  Canongate. 

Keeping  a  Highlandman's  promise.— Chap.  vii. 
The  Fair  Maid  of  Perth. 

Thou  thought'st  thpu  hadst  Jamie  Keddie's  ring, 
and  couldst  walk  invisible? — Chaps,  v.  and  xxii. 

"  St.  Johnston's  hunt  is  up  !  "  This  cry,  the  well- 
known  rallying-word  amongst  the  inhabitants  of 
Perth,  and  seldom  heard  but  on  occasions  of  general 
uproar. — xviii. 

You  know  the  proverb— A  Perth  arrow  hath  a 
perfect  flight. — xxiv. 

As  for  the  ten  miles,  they  are  but  a  Highland  leap 
when  one  bears  a  message  between  his -friend  and 
his  chief.  — xxvii. 

I  will  act  by  the  Douglas's  own  saying,  "It  is 
better  to  hear  the  lark  sing  than  the  mouse 
squeak."— xxx.  (See  '  Quentin  Durward,'  iv.) 

We  will  have  Jed  wood  justice — hang  in  haste,  and 
try  at  leisure.— xxxii.  (See  ' Rob  Roy,'  xxxvi. — "a 
Jeddart  cast.") 

JONATHAN  BOTTCHIER. 

Ropley,  Alresford,  Hants. 


SIR  WALTER  RALEIGH  :  A  SUBSTITUTED  POR- 
TRAIT.—The  April  number  of  the  Pall  Mall 
Magazine  contains  an  article  on  '  Sherborne 
Castle,'  by  the  Rev.  A.  H.  Malan.  It  is  illus- 
trated with  a  number  of  beautiful  wood- 
engravings,  to  one  of  which  I  wish  to  draw 
attention,  viz.,  to  that  of  a  portrait  stated  to- 
be  copied  from  "  a  small  oak  panel  of  Sir 
Walter  (Zucchero),  the  only  likeness  of  '  the 
Builder  '  in  the  house."  It  is  a  half-length, 
and  has  been  taken  apparently  from  a  photo- 
graph. The  figure  is  habited  in  plate  armour;, 
head  to  the  left,  and  on  it  a  soft  cap  with 


404 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  MAY  21, 1904. 


a  feather;  three-quarter  face,  with  long 
moustache  and  goatee  beard  ;  a  broad  ruff 
round  the  neck.  On  the  right  side  of  the 
head,  and  in  letters,  probably,  of  later  date 
than  when  the  painting  was  executed,  are 
these  words:  "Sr  Walter  Rawleigh."  This 
inscription  has  led  many  persons  to  regard 
the  portrait  as  that  of  Sir  W.  Ralegh,  to 
swhom,  however,  it  bears  no  resemblance 
whatever.  As  a  matter  of  fact  it  represents 
Robert  Dudley,  Earl  of  Leicester  (ob.  1588), 
and  is  a  facsimile  of  an  engraving,  penes  me, 
inscribed  "Adru  Werff  pinx.  Vermeulon 
sculpsit."  The  face  bears  a  close  resemblance 
to  that  of  the  portrait  of  the  Earl  by  Mark 
<Garrard  in  the  collection  at  Hatfield  House. 
T.  N.  BRUSHFIELD,  M.D. 

"HAKLET." — In  the  survey  of  the  manor 
of  Brecknock  (Duke  of  Buckingham's  forfeited 
possessions)  taken  13  Henry  VIII.  occurs  the 
following  :— 

"There  is  due  for  the  Duk's  party  yerely  for 
oon  haklet  within  age,  soolde,  as  it  is  said  by  the 
King,  to  oon  John  Braynton  in  Herefordshire,  £4." 

Hakluyt  was  a  family  name  in  Hereford- 
shire, ofwhich  family  the  famous  Hakluyt, 
the  cosmographer  and  traveller,  was  a  mem- 
ber. "Oon  haklet"  was  therefore  a  ward 
under  age,  the  guardianship  of  whom  had 
been  sold  by  the  Duke  of  Buckingham  to 
John  Braynton.  JOHN  LLOYD. 

"  PONTIFICATE." — The  following  paragraph 
(Daily  Mail,  30  April)  contains  an  unusual 
employment  of  this  word  : — 

"  All  rumours  as  to  the  serious  illness  of  Arch- 
bishop Bourne  are  now  disposed  of,  says  the 
-  Catholic  Herald,  as  his  Grace  returns  to  town  to- 
day and  will  pontificate  at  Westminster  Cathedral 
to-morrow." 

In  the  first  place  this  is  a  substantive 
denoting  the  dignity  of  a  pontiff ;  in  the 
second  it  can  apply  only  to  the  Pope.  This 
usage  cannot  be  commended. 

FRANCIS  P.  MARCHANT. 

[The  '  Encyclopaedic  Dictionary '  says :  "  To  ponti- 
ficate at  high  mass  =  to  celebrate  high  mass  as  a 
prelate."    The  verb  is  also  in  Annandale's  'Im- 
perial,' 1882.] 


BELL'S  "CHAUCER." — MR.  HOOPER  quotes 
(ante,  p.  362)  a  note  from  R.  Bell's  edition  of 
Chaucer,  adding  :  "I  presume  by  Prof. 
Skeat."  I  beg  leave  to  say  this  is  a  mistake. 
My  contributions  to  that  volume  were  a 
preliminary  essay  and  such  a  rearrangement 
of  the  material  as  helped  to  distinguish  the 
spurious  from  the  genuine  poems.  At  p.  12 
of  vol.  i.  I  was  careful  to  say  that  the  notes 
"  were  writtten  by  Mr.  Jephson,"  except 
where  I  had  made  an  obvious  correction  and 
had  appended  my  initials  to  it.  It  was  not 


for   me  to  suppress   an   annotation   on    the 
subject  of  birth-marks. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

"ScHLENTER."— This  technical  term  fora 
false  diamond,  known  to  all  South  Africans, 
appears  to  be  missing  from  '  Slang  and  its 
Analogues,'  which  I  am  glad  to  see  is  at  last 
completed.  The  term  is  interesting  on 
account  of  its  etymological  connexion  with 
our  adjective  Blender.  As  Prof.  Skeat  has 
shown,  English  slender  originally  meant 
dragging,  trailing,  and  thence  developed  the 
sense  of  thin.  In  German  schlender  or 
schlenter  still  retains  the  older  meaning  of 
loitering,  lounging,  sauntering.  In  Jewish 
German  it  passed  through  the  sense  of  easy, 
lax,  trifling,  into  that  of  worthless,  poor, 
bad.  In  Yiddish  anything  can  be  depreciated 
by  prefixing  schlenter,  but  in  English  the 
expression  seems  to  have  been  taken  over 
only  in  reference  to  diamonds.  I  subjoin  a 
couple  of  quotations  to  show  how  it  is  used 
in  modern  English  literature  : — 

"The  things  were  schlenters,  or  snyde  diamonds, 
imitations  made  of  glass  treated  with  fluoric  acid 
to  give  them  the  peculiar  frosted  appearance  of 
the  real  stones." — G.  Griffith. '  Knaves  of  Diamonds,' 
1899,  p.  37. 

"  What !  Not  paste  ?  Not  schlanters  ?  Oh  no,  of 
course  not !  " — 0.  Crawfurd,  '  Ways  of  the  Million- 
aire,' 1903,  p.  62. 

JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

'  THE  SCOTS  PEERAGE.'— From  the  fact  that 
this  '  Peerage '  is  edited  by  the  Lyon  King  of 
Arms  one  would  have  supposed  that  special 
attention  would  have  been  paid  to  the 
heraldic  portion  of  the  work,  and  those  who, 
like  myself,  take  an  interest  in  heraldry,  had 
looked  forward  to  the  issue  of  vol.  i.  It 
is  disappointing,  therefore,  to  find  that  the 
treatment  of  this  part  of  the  book  is 
inadequate.  In  the  first  place,  the  achieve- 
ments reproduced  are  not  printed  in  the 
usual  conventional  manner,  and  any  one 
who  is  not  already  familiar  with  the  arms 
of  the  Scottish  peers  is  unable  to  blazon 
them  without  turning  to  the  description  at 
the  end  of  each  article.  In  the  second  place, 
these  descriptions  do  not  state  for  what 
families  the  different  quarterings  are  borne. 
A  coat  of  arms  should  be  an  epitome  of  the 
history  of  the  family,  showing  at  a  glance  its 
alliances  and  descent ;  but  to  one  who  is 
ignorant  of  Scotch  family  history  a  mere 
narration  of  the  different  quarterings  of  an 
achievement  conveys  nothing.  Take,  for 
instance,  the  arms  of  the  Duke  of  Athpll.  No 
fewer  than  eight  families  or  dignities  are 
here  represented  : — 1.  The  ancient  earldom 
of  Atholl ;  2.  Stewart;  3.  Murray  ;  4.  Stanley; 


io»  s.  i.  MAY  21, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


405 


5.  Isle  of  Man  (of  which  they  were  lords) ; 

6.  Latham ;    7.    Strange ;    8.   Percy.      '  The 
Scots  Peerage '  merely  blazons  the  achieve- 
ment, "First  grand   quarter,"   &c.,   without 
stating  for  which  family  each  separate  coat 
is  borne.     This,  I  think,  is  a  serious  omission, 
and  I  trust  it  may  be  rectified  in  the  suc- 
ceeding volumes.  T.  F.  D. 

ARISTOTLE  AND  MORAL  PHILOSOPHY. — The 
fact  that  Shakespeare  and  Bacon  appear  to 
have  shared  the  same  error,  of  having  mis- 
quoted Aristotle,  in  saying  that  young  men 
are  thought  unfit  auditors  of  moral  philo- 
sophy, has  been  much  commented  upon  from 
time  to  time.    Mr.  Sidney  Lee,  in  his  '  Life 
of  Shakespeare,'  refers  to  it,  and  says  that 
this    supposed    erroneous   interpretation  of 
Aristotle's     language    is     common     among 
sixteenth  and  seventeenth  century  writers. 
Thatitwasshared  by  contemporary  dramatists 
with  Shakespeare  is  easily  proved,  although  j 
I  believe  it  has  not  yet  been  noticed.    The  \ 
evidence  for  this  is  to  be  found  in  Beaumont  j 
and  Fletcher's  play  of  '  Valentinian,'  Act  I.  J 
scene  i.,  where  Chilax  says  : — 
And,  as  the  tutor  to  great  Alexander 
Would  say,  a  young  man  should  not  dare  to  read 
His  moral  books,  till  after  five-and-twenty. 

E.  F.  BATES. 

HAWKER'S  '  TRELAWNY'  ANTICIPATED.— We 
have  all  heard  of  the  ballad  by  Hawker  of 
Morwenstow  by  which  Macaulay  was  taken 
in  (vide  chap.  viii.  of  his  'History  of  England'). 
A  somewhat  similar  refrain  was  current 
two  centuries  before  Hawker's  time.  In  a 
letter  printed  in  Thurloe's  'State  Papers,' 
21  July,  1653,  reference  is  made  to  John 
Lilbourne's  trial.  The  writer  says  :  "  There 
were  many  tickets  throwne  about  with  these 
words  : — 

And  what,  shall  then  honest  John  Lilbourn  die  ? 
Three  score  thousand  will  know  the  reason  why." 

J.    WlLLCOCK. 

Lerwick. 

CARTER  BRAXTON. — In  his '  Autobiography ' 
(i.  16)  Herbert  Spencer  says  some  compli- 
mentary verses  addressed  to  his  maternal 
grandmother,  Jane  Brettel,  by  Sarah  Crole, 
"  were  written  in  Richmond,  Virginia,  to  which 
place,  some  time  after  1780,  Jane  went  to  take 

charge  of  the  house  of  a  '  Carter  Braxton,  Esqr.' 

It  seems  that  Sarah  Crole  was  a  governess,  and  that 
the  verses  were  addressed  to  my  grandmother  on 
her  departure  for  England  in  July,  1788." 

To  some  of  those  who  tread  the  byways  of 
educational  history  the  name  of  the  employer 
may  be  familiar  as  that  of  the  "  wealthy 
merchant  of  West  Point,  Virginia,"  whose 
service  Andrew  Bell,  the  founder  of  the 


Madras  system,  entered  as  private  tutor  in 
1779.  Bell  left  for  England  in  March,  1781,  "in 
consequence  of  the  political  state  of  the  pro- 
vince "  (Southey's  '  Life  of  Bell,'  i.  29). 

Though  the  two  accounts  speak  of  two 
places  about  forty  miles  apart,  there  can  be 
no  doubt  that  they  speak  of  the  same  man,  as 
successive  letters  from  Carter  Braxton,  jun., 
to  Bell,  are  dated,  one  from  West  Point,  and 
the  other  from  Richmond. 

DAVID  SALMON 

Swansea. 

ST.  PAUL'S  QUOTATION  FROM  EPIMENIDES. 
(See  9th  S.  xii.  487.)— At  the  reference  indi- 
cated, under  the  heading '  Molubdinous  Slow- 
belly,'  MR.  HEBB  says  :  " '  Slowbelly '  occurs 
as  a  quotation  from  Callimachus,  an^Alex- 
andrian  poet  of  the  time  of  the  Ptolemies,  in 
Paul's  pastoral  epistle  to  Titus."  There  is  a 
double  inaccuracy  in  this  statement.  St.  Paul 
manifestly  takes  the  quotation  direct  from 
Epimenides.  His  own  words  are  ttTrev^Tis  t£ 
auTwv  tSios  avT&v  7rpo<£i/r7js  (Tit.  i.  12). 
Again,  though  it  is  true  that  a  line  of  Calli- 
machus, in  his  '  Hymn  Jto  Zeus,3  opens  with 
the  words  Kp^rts  <iet  i/'evo-rat,  he  says  nothing 
whatever  about  "slowbellies."  Possibly  Cal- 
limachus was  consciously  quoting  from  Epi- 
menides ;  but  it  is  equally  possible  that  the 
words  may  have  become  a  proverbial  phrase 
by  the  time  of  Callimachus. 

ALEX.  LEEPER. 

Trinity  College,  Melbourne  University. 

MR.  HEBB  states  that  the  expression 
"  slowbelly  "  occurs  in  St.  Paul's  epistle  to 
Titus  "  as  a  quotation  from  Callimachus,  an 
Alexandrian  poet  of  the  time  of  the  Ptole- 
mies." I  am  no  classical  scholar,  and  have 
no  books  or  means  of  reference  at  hand 
which  might  do  away  with  the  necessity  of 
appealing  to  l  N.  &  Q. ' ;  but  in  my  copy  of 
the  New  Testament  in  Greek  I  find  that  I 
have  made  a  note  opposite  the  above- 
mentioned  passage  (Titus  i.  12),  "  The  Cretians 
are  alway  liars,  evil  beasts,  slow  bellies," 
that  the  author  of  the  resonant  hexameter — 
Kpi?Tes  del  T/reuo-rcu,  KOKCI  Oypia,  yao-rfpes 

apycu, 

of  which  this  was  a  translation,  was  Epi- 
menides, and  not  Callimachus.  St.  Paul 
himself  states  in  the  same  verse  that  the 
author  was  "one  of  themselves,  even  a 
prophet  of  their  own." 

It  must  be  in  the  memory  of  some  reader* 
that  this  passage  had  a  very  interesting 
historical  significance  given  to  it  at  the  time 
when  the  recent  internal  trouble  in  Crete, 
engendered  by  the  dangers  of  the  political 


401 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  MAY  a,  100*. 


situatio  i  in  the  Near  East,  necessitated  the 
presence  of  the  allied  fleet  in  its  waters. 
Bismarck  had  been  asked  as  to  some  state- 
ment alleged  to  have  been  made  by  him 
with  reference  to  the  above  matter,  when  he 
contented  himself  with  referring  his  inter- 
rogator to  the  first  part  of  the  above  passage 
from  St.  Paul.  Apparently,  however,  the 
Iron  Chancellor  did  not  at  the  same  time 
indicate  the  original  authority  for  his  reply. 
Will  one  of  your  many  scholarly  corre- 
spondents kindly  say  whether  I  am  wrong 
in  attributing  the  authorship  of  the  above 
verse  to  Epimenides1?  J.  S.  UDAL,  F.S.A. 

Antigua,  W.I. 

[You  will  see  that  your  question  is  answered  in 
anticipation  by  PROF.  LEEPER.] 

MOTHER  SHIPTON.  —  In  Webster's  '  Inter- 
national Dictionary,'  in  the  section  of  '  Noted 
Names  in  Fiction,'  I  find  the  following 
under  the  above  heading  :  — 

"  The  nickname  of  a  Welshwoman  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  VIII.,  who  was  reputed  to  have  foretold 
many  public  events.  Her  rhymed  prophecies  still 
have  some  currency,  although  most  of  them  are 
forgeries,  many  being  of  recent  origin." 

I  always  thought  "  Mother  Shipton  "  was 
&  Yorkshirewoman,  and  lived  in  the  reign  of 
H.mry  VII.  !  OH  AS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Bradford. 

[As  a  legendary  figure  Mother  Shipton  appears 
in  many  districts.  But  see  under  the  heading  the 
'D.N.B.'] 

PHCEBE  HESSEL,  THE  STEPNEY  AMAZON.  — 
The  renaming  Morgan  Street,  St.  George's- 
in-the-East,  Hessel  Street,  in  memory  of 
Phoebe  Hessel,  is,  I  think,  worthy  of  note,  and 
would,  I  am  sure,  have  met  with  the  approval 
of  the  late  Sir  Walter  Besant,  one  of  whose 
pet  schemes  was  the  naming  of  streets  and 
localities  after  celebrated  people  identified 
•vith  them.  This  famous  amazon  was  born 
in  Stepney  in  1713,  and  while  in  her  teens 
fell  in  love  with  a  soldier  in  the  regiment 
known  as  Kirke's  Lambs.  Refusing  to  part 
with  him  when  he  was  ordered  to  the  West 
Indies,  Phoebe  disguised  herself  and  enlisted 
in  the  same  regiment.  She  served  in  various 
parts  of  the  world,  was  wounded  by  a  bayonet 
at  Fontenoy,  and  ended  her  days  at  Brighton 
at  the  advanced  age  of  108  years. 

FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 


^  BEFORE    BIRTH.—  In   1529  a  testator 

gives  a  legacy  "  puero  in  vent-re  uxoris  mese  " 
('  Visitations    of    Southwell/    Camd.     Soc., 

6134).    I  have  seen  a  later  instance  at  York. 
ontaigne,  addressing   the   Lady   Diana  of 
Foix,  speaks  of  the   "little  lad"   to  whom 
she  is  soon  to  give  birth,  "for  you  are  too 


generous  to  begin  with  other  than  a  man 
childe"  ('Florio,'  Dent,  1897,  i.  209).  In  1670 
W.  Marshall,  of  the  College  of  Physicians, 
published  'Answers  upon  severall  Heads  in 
Philosophy,'  one  of  which  was  "Of  judging 
sex  before  birth."  Mrs.  Joceline,  who  wrote 
'A  Mother's  Legacy  to  an  Unborn  Child,' 
seems  to  have  counted  on  a  boy  (see  '  Memoirs 
of  Legh  Richmond,'  by  Grimshawe,  sixth  ed., 
1829,  p.  418).  The  subject  has  been  briefly 
mentioned  in  'N.  &  Q.,'  1st  S.  ii.  20;  4th  S. 
iii.  288.  W.  C.  B. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

"THE     GLORY    OF     THE     METHODISTS."— All 

original  autograph  letter  of  John  Wesley  has 
been  in  my  possession  for  about  twenty-five 
years,  and  so  far  as  I  am  aware  has  never- 
been  published.  It  belonged  to  a  relative  of 
mine  who  was  the  daughter  of  a  Methodist 
preacher,  whose  ministry  probably  extended 
back  very  nearly  to  the  days  of  Wesley,  as  he 
died  many  years  ago  at  an  advanced  age. 

Aberdeen,  5th  May,  1784. 

DEAR  JEMMY, — All  Letters  to  any  part  of  (Scot- 
land must  go  thro'  Edinburgh.  Therefore  it  is 
sufficient  to  direct  thither  till  the  15th  instant,  & 
then  to  Newcastle-on-Tyne. 

I  objected  to  nothing  in  that  Sermon  but  a  few 
tart  Expressions  concerning  the  Clergy  :  when  these 
are  altered,  I  believe  it  will  be  of  use  :  And  the 
more  of  them  you  can  sell  the  better. 

You  have  done  well  in  restoring  the  meetings  at 
five  in  the  morning.    These    are  the  Glory  of  the 
Methodists.    My  kind  love  to  Hetty  Roe.    I  am, 
Dear  Jemmy, 

Your  affectionate  Friend  &  Brother 
J.  WESLEY. 

Who  was  Jemmy  1       WILMOT  CORFIELD. 
Calcutta. 

JEREMY  TAYLOR  QUOTATIONS.  —  (1)  "No 
man  is  a  better  merchant  than  he  that  lays 
out  his  time  upon  God  and  his  money  upon 
the  poor"  (Jeremy  Taylor,  'Holy  Living,' 
ch.  i.,  vol.  iii.  p.  8  of  Eden's  edition,  1847).  Is 
this  Taylor's  own,  or  is  it  a  quotation  ? 

(2)  Prayer  is  "a  building  to  God  a  chapel 
in  our  heart"  ('Holy  Living,'  ch.  i.  §  iii., 
vol.  iii.  p.  26  of  Eden's  edition).  Who  was 
the  "  spiritual  person  "  who  said  this  1 

ROBIN. 

NORTH  DEVON  MAY  DAY  CUSTOM. — Flowers 
and  garlands  are  associated  with  May  Day, 
yet  I  do  not  remember  to  have  seen  elsewhere 
the  curious  custom  which  prevails  here. 


L  MAY -2i,  1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


407 


The  children  bring  round  dolls,  posies,  and  a 
horn.  The  dolls  are  brought  by  the  girls, 
and  the  posies  (which  generally  take  the 
form  of  a  Latin  cross)  by  the  smaller  boys. 
The  bigger  boys  come  with  a  horn  and  ask 
if  you  would  like  to  hear  it.  Boys  without 
the  horn  are  formidable  enough,  and  they 
are  invariably  excused  the  performance. 
Of  course  the  quest  is  the  nimble  penny  ; 
but  what  about  the  origin  of  the  custom  ? 
Perhaps  some  of  your  correspondents  can 
throw  light  upon  that.  H.  T.  JENKINS. 
S.  Monica,  Ilfracombe. 

PORT  ARTHUR.— What  is  the  origin  of  the 
name  Port  Arthur]  How  comes  it  that, 
almost  alone  of  the  Far  Eastern  places  of 
which  we  now  daily  read,  this  place  is  in- 
variably called  by  an  apparently  English 
name  1  By  what  name  is  it  known  to  the 
Chinese  and  Japanese  ?  KAPPA. 

[Port  Arthur  is  named  from  Capt.  Arthur,  who 
commanded  one  of  H.M.  ships  when  the  coast  line 
of  the  Liao-tung  peninsula  was  being  surveyed. 
See  9th  S.  i.  367,  398,  437;  ii.  78,  111.] 

WORM.— Can  any  of  your  readers  inform 
me  what  disease  was  in  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury known  as  "  the  worm  "  ]  I  do  not  think 
it  can  be  "  the  worms "  in  our  use  of  the 
phrase.  It  is  always  used  in  the  singular. 
Some  one,  supposed  to  be  Lord  Balcarres, 
•writes  to  Sir  Arthur  Forbes,  14  June,  1653  : 
"I  am  tormented  with  the  worm"  (Firth, 
'Scotland  and  the  Commonwealth,'  p.  145). 
Baillie  writes  :  — 

"  What  shall  I  doe  with  the  worme,  it  hes  im- 
prisoned me? If  the  Parliament  would  put  on 

him  the  penaltie  of  my  worme,  I  think  it  would 
quickly  temper  his  very  uncivill  pen."—'  Letters,' 
iii.  454. 

I  have  also  seen  the  phrase  used  in  a  passage 
of  a  letter  given  in  Thurloe's  'State  Papers,' 
though  I  cannot  give  the  reference.  It  seems 
quite  a  common  phrase  of  the  time,  though 
I  notice  that  Dr.  Firth  is  puzzled  by  it  and 
puts  a  [1]  after  it.  Is  it  the  gout  1 

J.  WILLCOCK. 

"  PAINTED  AND  POPPED."— In  a  work 
attributed  to  Milton,  recently  published,  and 
which  I  think  there  is  little  or  no  reason  to 
doubt  came  from  his  pen,  the  above  phrase 
is  used  in  describing  the  appearance  of  over- 
dressed, frivolous  ladies,  of  which  apparently 
the  author  highly  disapproved.  What  is  the 
meaning  of  the  word  "  popped,"  and  what  can 
be  its  derivation  1  Ben  Jonson  I  believe  uses 
it  also.  MELVILLE. 

Melville  Castle,  Midlothian. 

[Popped= nicely  dressed,  Halliwell.  Unknown 
derivation,  '  Eng.  Dial.  Diet.'] 


LIEUT. -CoL.  WILLIAM  CROSS,  C.B.— To  what 
family  of  Cross  did  Lieut.-Col.  William 
Cross,  C.B.,  who  served  in  the  36th  Regiment 
from  1802  to  1824,  belong  ?  Where  can  I  find 
details  connected  with  his  life  ?  B.  T. 

BUILDING  CUSTOMS  AND  FOLK-LORE.— I 
should  be  grateful  for  any  information  with 
regard  to  old  customs  and  folk-lore  connected 
with  building  houses  and  cottages.  Do  the 
racial  divergencies  in  various  partsof  England 
account  for  the  different  types  of  cottage  to 
be  found  therein  1  References  to  any  books 
relating  to  cottage  architecture  would  be  very 
acceptable.  P.  H.  DITCHFIELD. 

Barkham  Rectory,  Wokingham,  Berks. 

"JENION'S  INTACK."— On  an  old  map  of 
Cheshire,  printed  by  William  Darton  &  Son, 
58,  Holborn  Hill,  London,  but  in  what  year 
I  know  not,  though  evidently  it  must  have 
been  before  railways  were  in  operation,  I 
find  "  Jenions  Intack  "  marked  thereon.  The 
situation  is  near  the  junction  of  the  road 
leading  from  Ashton  Heys  to  Weaverham, 
east  by  north  about  thirteen  miles  from 
the  city  of  Chester,  and  about  two  miles 
south  from  Kingsley,  on  the  western  side 
of  the  road  leading  thence  to  Delamere 
Forest.  In  late  county  maps  of  Chester, 
published  by  G.  W.  Bacon  &  Co.  and  George 
Philip  &  Son  (of  Bartholomew's  'New Reduced 
Survey,'  sheet  12),  I  see  no  mention  of 
"Jenions  Intack";  perhaps  it  was  only  a 
temporary  construction.  My  foreparents, 
named  Janion,  lived  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
the  "  intack,"  or  intake,  for  many  years,  their 
abodes  being  at  Aston,  Bradley,  Bradley 
Orchard,  Newton,  and  Kingsley,  all  to  the 
north  of  Delamere  Forest.  Can  any  of  your 
readers  oblige  me  with  information  about 
the  said  intake?  CHARLES  JANION. 

Registrar-General's  Office,  Wellington,  N.Z. 

'THE  CHILDREN  OF  THE  CHAPEL.'— Can  any 
reader  tell  me  where  I  could  see  or  buy  an 
anonymous  pamphlet  entitled  'The  Children 
of  the  Chapel  Stript  and  Whipt'  (1576),  or 
suggest  the  author  f  C.  C.  STOPES. 

WOLVERHAMPTON  PULPIT.  —  The  current 
(April)  number  of  the  Antiquary  contains  a 
picture  and  brief  description  of  the  pulpit 
in  St.  Peter's  Collegiate  Church  at  Wolver- 
hampton,  contributed  by  Miss  Barr  Brown. 
She  writes :  "  Only  one  other  pulpit  of  its 
kind  exists  in  England."  Where  is  this  1 
T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 

Lancaster. 

GILBERT. — Thomas  Gilbert  was  admitted 
to  Westminster  School,  26  January,  1778, 


408 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io«>  s.  i.  MAY  21, 190*. 


and  Richard  Gilbert,  7  February,  1780.  I 
should  be  grateful  for  particulars  of  their 
parentage  and  career.  G.  F.  R.  B. 

MARLOWE  :  DATE  OF  HIS  BIRTH.— Was 
Christopher  Marlowe  two  months  older  or 
ten  months  younger  than  Shakspere  ?  The 
statement  contained  in  all  biographical 
sketches  of  Marlowe  is  that  the  register  of  the 
church  of  St.  George  the  Martyr,  Canterbury, 
says  that  Marlowe  was  christened  26  Feb- 
ruary, 1564.  Does  this  mean  1563/4  or 
1564/5  ?  Unless  the  record  has  been 
corrected  it  clearly  means  the  latter — 1564, 
Old  Style — and  consequently,  contrary  to  all 
statements  I  have  seen,  Marlowe  was  ten 
months  younger  than  Shakspere,  who  was 
christened  the  26th  of  the  previous  April. 
Will  some  one  who  has  access  to  it,  or  an 
official  copy,  give  the  exact  record  as  it 
appears  in  the  St.  George's  Church  register  1 
ISAAC  HULL  PLATT. 

The  Players,  16,  Gramercy  Park,  New  York. 

[The  'D.N.B.'  says  Marlowe  was  baptized 
"26  Feb.  1563-4."] 

"EN  PENTENNE":  ITS  ORIGIN.  —  Littre  in 
his  dictionary  says  very  little  about  pentenne, 
proposes  no  etymology  for  it,  and  does  not 
allude  to  its  use  as  a  nautical  term.  Le 
Journal  des  Ddbats  of  16  March,  1804,  con- 
tains an  instance  of  its  use  : — 

"On  a  remarque,  le  10  mars,  h  Boulogne,  que 
chaque  vaisseau  de  la  division  anglaise  avait  ses 
mats  en  pentenne.  Ue  signe  de  deuil  a  fait  pr^sumer 
la  mort  du  roi." 

It  was  reproduced  in  the  number  of  the  same 
date  for  this  year,  1904.  Will  some  philo- 
logist inform  the  readers  of  'N.  &  Q.'  of  the 
history  of  this  expression  ?  E.  S.  DODGSON. 

THE  VAGHNATCH,  OR  TIGER-CLAW  WEAPON. 
— Readers  of  Col.  Meadows  Taylor's  'Tara' 
will  remember  how  Sivaji  killed  Afzul  Khan 
with  the  dagger  shaped  like  a  tiger's  claw.  I 
should  like  to  know  the  fate  of  this  particular 
weapon,  which  was  long  treasured  at  Saltara. 
It  may  be  somewhere  in  England,  because  it 
appears  to  have  been  given  to  Mountstuart 
Elphinstone  in  1826  by  the  Raja  of  Saltara 
(see  'Life  of  Elphinstone,'  ii.  188).  But  Lady 
Falkland  ('Chow-Chow,'  ii.  34),  who  was  at 
Saltara  some  time  in  the  fifties,  says  she  was 
shown  it  there.  EMERITUS. 

LYON  FAMILY.  —  In  Welles's  '  American 
Family  Ancestry,'  vol.  ii.,  article  'The  Lyon 
Family  in  America,'  the  statement  is  made, 
without  proof  cited,  that  the  William  Lyon 
who  came  to  America  in  the  Hopewell, 
11  September,  1635,  then  described  as  "four- 
teen years  of  age,"  was  William  Lyon,  of 
Heston,  Middlesex,  England,  baptized  there 


23  December,  1620.  Can  documentary  evi- 
dence be  found  to  justify  this  identification? 
I  am  a  descendant  of  William  Lyon. 

A.  B.  LYONS. 

72,  Brainard  Street,  Detroit,  Mich. 

TIGHERN-MAS. — Near  what  ancient  church 
in  England  was  the  iron  crosier  called  the 
Tighern-mas  found  1  I  shall  be  glad  of 
references  to  books  or  monographs  on  the 
subject.  RED  CROSS. 

CATESBY  FAMILY.— Can  anyone  give  par- 
ticulars of  the  James  Catesby  who  died  at 
Windsor  about  1770-2,  his  age,  profession, 
whether  married,  any  descendants,  and  if  a 
descendant  of  the  historic  Northamptonshire 
family  ? 

Did  any  of  the  Catesby  family  emigrate 
to  America  ? 

Is  it  a  fact  that  a  Catesby  went  to  an 
English  convent  for  ladies  in  Germany  ? 

Had  the  Catesbys  at  any  time  property 
in  Brighton,  Chelsea,  Bayswater  1 

Can  any  one  give  the  date  of  enlistment 
and  discharge  of  Henry  Catesby,  who  enlisted 
in  the  British  army  about  1840— regiment 
not  known? 

Please  address  replies  care  of  Beard  more  & 
Co.,  58,  Cleveland  Street,  Fitzroy  Square,  W. 
JAMES  CATESBY. 

ARMS  ON  SARPI'S  '  COUNCIL  OF  TRENT  '  IN 
FRENCH. — I  have  before  me  in  three  volumes, 
4to,  a  work  with  the  following  title  : — 

"Histoire  Du  Concile  De  Trente,  Ecrite  en 
Italien  Par  Fra-Paolo  Sarpi,  De  1'Ordre  Des 
Servites ;  Et  Traduite  de  nouveau  en  Francois, 
Avec  des  Notes  Critiques,  Historiques  et  Theo- 
logiques,  Par  Pierre-Francois  le  Courayer,  Docteur 
en  Theologie  de  I'universite  d  Oxford,  &  Chanoine 
Regulier  &  ancien  Bibliothecaire  de  1'Abbaye  de 
Ste  Genevieve  de  Paris.  A  Amsterdam,  Chez 
J.  Wetstein  et  G.  Smith.  M.DCC.LI." 

All  the  volumes  are  uniformly  bound  in 
full  calf,  and  on  the  two  panels  of  each  there 
is  stamped  in  gold,  in  excellent  preservation, 
a  coat  of  arms.  As  I  could  not  trace  any 
resemblance  to  the  latter  in  either  Burke  or 
Debrett,  I  was  fortunate  in  getting  access  to 
the  following  French  publication  : — 

"La  Science  Heroique,  &c.  Par  Marc  De  Wilson, 
Sieur  De  La  Colombiere,  Chevalier  de  1'Ordre  de 
S.  Michel,  &  Gentilhomme  ordinaire  de  la  Maison 
du  Roy.  Seconde  Edition.  Reyeue,  corrig^e,  & 
augmentee  des  ArmesdeplusieursillustresMaisons, 
A  Paris,  Chez  Sebastien  Mabre-Cramoisy,  Impri- 
meur  du  Roy,  rue  S.  Jacques  aux  Cicognes. 
M.DC.LXIX.  Avec  Privilege  De  Sa  Maieste." 

On  p.  329  I  found  an  engraved  shield  (No.  7) 
answering  to  the  arms  stamped  on  the  panels 
referred  to  (I  should  say  in  the  latter  the 
supporters  are  lions  rampant,  and  the  crest 


s.  i.  MAY  21, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


409 


what  appears  to  be  a  baron's  coronet),  with 
the  following  description  on  p.  328  : — 

"Bvllion,  ecartele,  au  premier  &  quatrieme, 
coup£  d'azur  au  Lion  naissant  d'or,  surfasce  ond6 
d'argent  &  d'azur,  au  second  &  tiers,  d'argent  a 
la  cotice  de  gueules,  accompagnee  de  six  coquilles 
de  mesme  en  orle. 

"  Cre'meavx-Chamovsset :  d'ou  pleusieurs  Coiute 
de  Lion,  Commandeurs  de  Malte,  &c.,  de  gueules  a 
trois  croix  recroisettees  au  pied  fich6  d'or,  au  chei 
d'argent,  charg6  d'vne  onde  ou  fasce  ondee  d'azur. 
Le  Marquis  d'Entragues,  Comte  de  S.  Trivier, 
Gouverneur  du  Maconnois,  est  Chef  de  cette 
Maison-la.'1 

Evidently  before  the  work  was  bound  in 
leather,  someone  wrote  in  French  somethin 
on  the  top  and  side  margins  of  p.  249  of  vol.  iii. 
(the  title-page  of  the  '  Defense '),  both  notes 
bearing  the  initials  "  B.  N."  or  "  B.  M."  It  is 
the  second  letter  I  am  in  doubt  about ;  there 
is  no  mistaking  the  first.  Then  on  p.  264  of 
the  same  volume  there  is  a  long  manuscript 
note,  also  in  French,  on  the  side  and  foot 
margins ;  but  the  binder,  no  doubt  from 
instructions,  folded  in  the  first,  so  that  his 
plough  might  not  cut  away  what  had  there 
been  written.  These  manuscript  notes — 
perhaps  from  the  pen  of  some  notable  man — 
I  am  sorry  to  say  I  cannot  decipher,  but  they 
are  all  in  the  same  handwriting.  I  may  add 
that  inside  the  front  cover  of  the  first  volume 
there  is  the  trade  ticket  of  "Thomas  Clark, 
Law  Bookseller,  32,  George's  Street,  Edin- 
burgh." 

The  language  of  heraldry  is  to  me  very 
mysterious  indeed  ;  and  I  shall  esteem  it 
a  favour  if  some  kind  reader  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 
will  interpret  for  me  the  quotation  from 
Wilson's  work  quoted  above,  and  also  tell 
me  if  the  family  referred  to  by  him — the 
Entragues — may  have  formerly  owned  the 
volumes.  Who  was  "  Thomas  Clark,"  the 
bookseller,  and  when  did  he  flourish  ? 

A.  S. 

PRESCRIPTIONS. — Can  any  one  inform  me 
as  to  the  origin  of  the  signs  used  by  apothe- 
caries and  physicians  in  their  prescriptions  ? 
HOLCOMBE  INGLEBY. 

Heacham,  Norfolk. 

FRENCH  POEMS.— I  shall  be  glad  to  know 
where  I  can  obtain  an  English  translation  of 
French  folk-songs,  poems,  recitations,  &c., 
by  unknown  and  comparatively  unknown 
(in  England)  French  authors.  I  also  seek 
for  Dutch,  Spanish,  and  Italian  pieces  of  a 
similar  class.  S.  J.  A.  F. 

POEMS  ON  SHAKESPEARE. — I  am  compiling 
a  volume  of  poetical  tributes  to  Shakespeare, 
and  shall  be  deeply  grateful  if  readers  will 
inform  me  where  such  may  be  found.  There 


must  be  many  thousands  in  existence.  It 
matters  not  how  lowly  the  minstrel  may  be, 
so  long  as  he  has  tuned  his  lyre  in  praise  of 
our  immortal  bard.  Answers  direct,  please, 
and  as  early  as  possible. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 
Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

"  LUTHER'S  DISTICH."  —  Samuel  Teedon, 
schoolmaster,  of  Olney,  Bucks,  the  friend 
and  "oracle"  of  the  poet  Cowper,  in  his  MS. 
Diary  (ed.  T.  Wright,  and  most  incorrectly 
printed  for  the  Cowper  Society  in  1902) 
mentions,  under  date  of  29  April,  1792,  the 
giving  by  his  cousin  and  school-assistant 
"  Worthy  "  (i.e.,  Eusebius  Killing  worth, 
amateur  bookbinder,  musician,  &c.)  of  a 
Prayer  Book,  in  which  he  (Teedon)  wrote  the 
intended  recipient's  name  and  "  Luther's 
distich."  Can  any  reader  state  what  this 
latter  probably  was  1  E.  C. 

THE  POET  CLOSE. — Can  any  reader  of 
'  N".  &  Q.'  tell  me  whether  a  complete  collec- 
tion of  the  works  of  the  poet  Close  has  ever 
been  published  ?  His  lines  on  the  death  of 
the  Prince  Imperial  and  some  of  his  West- 
morland poems  are  to  be  met  with ;  but  I 
have  failed  so  far  to  find  anything  like  an 
entire  collection.  He  has  still  a  large  number 
of  admirers,  and  many  pilgrimages  are  made 
to  Enterber  Cottage,  where  he  lived  so  long, 
and  to  his  grave  in  Kirby  Stephen  Cemetery. 
FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

[No  collected  edition  seems  to  have  been  issued.] 

THE  SYER-CUMING  COLLECTION.— The  late 
Henry  Syer-Cuming  gave  his  library  and 
museum  to  one  of  the  London  boroughs. 
Can  any  one  say  whether  they  are  now  open 
to  public  inspection,  and  if  any  proper  cata- 
logue has  been  printed  ?  If  so,  at  what  price 
can  it  be  obtained  1 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 

Lancaster. 

THOMAS  TAYLOR,  THE  PLATONIST,  AND 
WILLIAM  MEREDITH  OF  HARLEY  PLACE.— Can 
any  one  inform  me  if  there  are  descendants  of 
Thomas  Taylor  now  living,  and  if  so,  where  ? 
Also,  are  there  any  descendants  of  his  friends 
William  and  George  Meredith  who  have  kept 
in  touch  with  the  Taylor  family  1 

MARY  FORSTER. 

University  Club  for  Ladies. 

WATSON  OF  HAMBURG.— Stephen  Watson 
of  Cleadon,  co.  Durham,  third  sou  of  William 
Watson,  sheriff  of  Newcastle  1747,  married 
at  Whitburn,  May,  1784,  Elizabeth,  daughter 
of  Ven.  Archdeacon  Benjamin  Pye,  LLD.,  and 
had  surviving  issue :  1,  Charles  Stephen,  born 


410 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  MAY  21, 1004. 


1785  ;  2,  William  Robert,  1786 ;  3,  Thomas, 
1788 ;  4,  Elizabeth  Ann,  1789  ;  5,  Bathurst 
Pye,  born  1793,  gazetted  Lieutenant  in  the 
27th  Northumberland  Light  Infantry  Militia 
in  1812  ;  6,  Mary,  who  died  the  same  day  as 
her  husband,  A.  G.  C.  D'Arien,  at  Hamburg, 
6  July,  1824  ;  7,  Benjamin,  born  1796  ; 
8,  George  Pye,  1797  ;  and  9,  Isabella,  born  in 
1799. 

Mr.  Watson  and  his  family  in  July,  1800, 
settled  in  Hamburg,  where  hedied  6  December, 
1821.      Information    relative  to  any    of  his 
children  or  their  descendants  will  oblige. 
H.  R.  LEIGHTON. 

East  Boldon,  Durham. 


"HANGED,  DRAWN,  AND  QUARTERED." 
(10th  S.  i.  209,  275,  356,  371.) 

ONE  lives  and  learns.  When  I  wrote  the 
article  at  the  last  reference,  I  was  only  aware 
of  the  apparent  fact  that  the  phrase  "  hanged, 
drawn,  and  quartered  " — in  which  "  drawn  " 
means  eviscerated — was  an  adaptation  of  the 
older  phrase  "drawn,  hanged,  and  quartered," 
in  which  "  drawn  "  meant  "  dragged  along." 
I  now  find  that  the  latter  phrase  is  also  not 
original,  but  was  a  mere  translation  of  a 
phrase  in  Anglo-French,  which  was  the 
language  of  England  for  legal  purposes. 
This  phrase  occurs  more  than  once,  for  ex- 
ample, in  the  continuation  of  Higden's  '  Poly- 
chronicon,'  vol.  ix.  p.  151.  The  sentences 
passed  upon  Blake  and  Usk  in  1388  were  :— 

"Que  Blake  serra  traigne  del  tour  deLoundres 
tanque  a  Tybourne  et  illoeqes  penduz.  Et  le  dit 
Uske  sera  auxint  traigne  et  peuduz  et  son  test 
coupe  et  mys  sur  Neugate." 

Or,  as  we  should  now  say,  "  that  Blake  shall 
be  drawn  from  the  Tower  of  London  as 
far  as  Tyburn,  and  there  hanged  ;  and  the 
said  Usk  shall  also  be  drawn  and  hanged,  and 
his  head  shall  be  cut  off  and  set  up  over  New- 

fite."    The  insular  independence  of  Anglo- 
rench  appears  in  the  masculine  test. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

In  justice  to  myself  I  beg  to  point  out  that 
I  quoted  the  'N.E.D.'  at  9th  S.  iv.  162,  and 
gave  this  reference  ante,  p.  356.  W.  C.  B. 

PROF.  SKEAT  seems  to  go  too  far  at  the  last 
reference  when  he  suggests  that  the  sentence 
passed  upon  Henry  Garnett  in  1606  was 
"remarkable"  by  reason  that  it  included 
both  the  drawing  to  the  gallows  and  the  dis- 
embowelling. There  was  nothing  remarkable 
in  that.  The  ordinary  form  of  the  horrible 
judgment,  as  it  formerly  ran,  against  a  man 


onvicted  of  high  treason  is  given  in  Coke's 
'Institutes'  (3  Inst.  210,  211,  edition  of  1660) 
thus  :  — 

"  Et  super  hoc  visis,  et  per  curiam  hie  intellectis 
omnibus  et  singulis  pnemissis,  consideratum  est. 
quod  praedictus  R.  usque  f ureas  de  T.  1  trahatur,  et 
2 ibidem  suspendatur  per  collum,  et  vivus  ad  terram 
prosternatur,  et  3  interiora  sua  extra  ventrem 
suum  capiant.ur,  [4]  ipsoque  vivente  eomburantur, 
et  5  caput  suum  amputetur,  quodque  6  corpus  suum 
in  quatuor  partes  dividatur  ;  ac  7  quod  caput  et 
quarteria  ilia  ponantur  ubi  dominus  rex  ea  assignare 
vult."* 

"And  all  these  severall  punishments,"  says 
Coke  (loc.  cit.\  "  are  found  for  treason  in  holy 
scripture."  Whereupon  he  proceeds  to  cite 
the  following  precedents  : — 

Drawing.— 1  Kings  ii.  28,  &c.,  "  Joab  tractus,"  &c. 

Hanging. -^Esther  ii.  22,  23,  "  Bithan  suspensus," 
&c. 

Bowelling. — Acts  i.  18,  "Judas  suspensus  crepuit 
medius,  et  diffusa  sunt  viscera  ejus." 

While  alive.— 2  Sam.  xviii.  14,  15,  "  Infixit  tres 
ianeeas  in  corde  Absolou  cum  adhuc  palpitaret,"  &c. 

Beheading.— 2  Sam.  xx.  22,  "  Abscissum  caput 
Sheba  filii  Bichri." 

Quarters  hanged  up. — 2  Sam.  iv.  11,  12,  "  Intei- 
fecerunt  Baanan  et  Rechab,  et  suspenderunt  manus 
et  pedes  eorum  super  piscinam  in  Hebron." 

The  form  of  the  judgment  was  modified  by 
the  Treason  Act,  1814  (54  Geo.  III.,  c.  146), 
which  abolished  both  the  cutting  down  alive 
from  the  gallows  and  the  disembowelling.  It 
was  again  modified  by  the  Forfeiture  Act, 
1870  (33  &  34  Viet.,  c.  23,  s.  31),  which 
abolished  the  preliminary  drawing  on  the 
hurdle  and  also  the  beheading  and  quarter- 
ing after  death. 

The  view  expressed  by  A.  H.  at  the 
second  reference,  that  the  drawing  on  the 
hurdle  was  a  "  pretence "  or  substitute  for 
disembowelling,  has  no  historical  basis. 

H.  C. 

As  an  example  to  which  the  term  "drawn  " 
might  be  applied  in  both  the  senses  men- 
tioned by  PROF.  SKEAT,  I  may  cite  the  sen- 
tence passed  on  Col.  Despard  and  his 
accomplices  in  February,  1803.  It  was 
delivered  by  the  judge,  Lord  Ellenborough, 
as  follows  : — 

"It  only  remains  for  me  to  pronounce  the  sad 
and  painful  sentence  of  the  law  upon  the  crime  of 
which  you  are  convicted  ;  and  that  sentence  is,  and 
this  Court  doth  adjudge,  That  you,  the  several 

*  The  record  of  the  proceedings,  including  the 
judgment,  was  drawn  up  in  Latin  down  to  1733  (see 
4  Geo.  II.,  c.  26  ;  6  Geo.  II.,  c.  15) ;  but  the  sentence, 
as  delivered  in  court,  was,  of  course,  in  English, 
and  often  expressly  directed  a  certain  savage  indig- 
nity against  the  convict's  person,  which  is  not 
specified  in  Coke's  text.  See,  for  instance,  the 
sentence  against  Thomas  Harrison  in  1660  in  '  State 
Trials,'  v.  1034  (8vo  edition,  1810). 


10*8.  i.  MAY  21, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


411 


Prisoners  at  the  bar,  be  severally  taken  from  henc 
to  the  place  from  whence  you  came,  and  from 
thence  be  severally  drawn  on  an  hurdle  to  the 
place  of  execution,  and  there  be  severally  haugec 
by  the  neck,  but  not  until  you  are  dead,  but  thai 
you  be  severally  taken  down  again,  and  that  whilst 
you  are  yet  alive,  your  bowels  be  taken  out  anc 
burnt  before  your  faces  ;  and  that  afterwards  your 
heads  be  severed  from  your  bodies,  and  your  bodiei 
be  divided  each  into  four  quarters,  and  your  head; 
and  quarters  to  be  at  the  king's  disposal.  And  may 
God  Almighty  have  mercy  on  your  souls." 

It  is  necessary  to  add  that  the  most 
revolting  part  of  the  sentence  was  not  carried 
out.  The  king's  (Geo.  III.)  warrant  for 
execution,  dated  19  February,  1803,  directed 
as  follows  : — 

"And  whereas  we  have  thought  fit  to  remit  part 
of  the  sentence,  viz.,  the  taking  out  and  burning 
their  bowels  before  their  faces  and  dividing  the 
bodies  of  [here  follow  names]  severally  into  four 
parts,  our  will  and  pleasure  is  that  execution  be 
done  upon  the  said  [names  again  repeated]  by  their 
being  drawn  and  hanged  and  having  their  heads 
severed  from  their  bodies,  according  to  the  said 
sentence  only." 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 
West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

There  does  not  seem  to  be  any  doubt  that 
the  proper  order  of  the  words  is  "  drawn, 
hanged,  and  quartered."  This  was  the  form 
of  the  sentence.  Thus  the  sentence  passed 
on  Edward  Coleman,  condemned  for  high 
treason  in  November,  1678,  runs  thus  :  — 

"You  shall  return  to  prison,  from  thence1  be 
drawn  to  the  place  of  execution,  where  you  shall 
be  hanged  by  the  neck,  and  be  cut  down  alive,  your 
bowels  burnt  before  your  face,  and  your  quarters 
severed  and  your  body  disposed  as  the  king  thinks 
fit, 

In  the  report  of  the  trial  of  the  "  five 
Jesuits,"  some  time  later,  the  recorded  judg- 
ment (abbreviated)  is  "  to  be  drawn,  hanged, 
and  quartered."  The  sentence  on  Fitzharris, 
tried  in  June,  1681,  is  given  in  Latin  in  the 
report  of  the  trial  :— 

"Ad  furcas  de  Tyborne  trahatur,  et  super  furcas 
illas  suspendatur,  et  vivens  ad  terram  prosternatur, 
ac  interiora  sua  extra  ventrem  suum  capiantur, 
ipsoq.  vivente  comburentur  :  et  quod  caput  ejus 
amputatur,  quodq.  corpus  ejus  in  quatuor  partes 
dividatur,  et  quod  caput  et  quarter,  ill.  ponantur 
ubi  nos  ea  assignare  voluerimus." 

The  drawing  was  originally  a  dragging 
along  the  ground  ;  this  was,  later,  mitigated 
by  interposing  a  hurdle,  and,  later  still,  a 
sledge.  But  the  sentences  in  the  Popish 
Plot  trials  specified  sometimes  a  hurdle, 
sometimes  a  sledge. 

The  sentences  quoted  will  be  found  in  the 
4  State  Trials.'  ALFREP  MARKS. 

No  one  can  reasonably  doubt  that  persons 
condemned  to  this  penalty  should  strictly 


have  been  disembowelled  before  death. 
Between  the  beginning  of  February,  1577/8, 
and  the  end  of  January,  1585/6,  the  following 
Catholic  martyrs,  according  to  Challoner;.s 
'  Missionary  Priests,'  were  certainly  disem- 
bowelled while  yet  alive  : — 

Beati. — John  Nelson,  Thomas  Sherwood, 
Everard  Hanse,  William  Hart  (and  probably 
Richard  Thirkell). 

Venercibiles.— George  Haydock,  James  Fenn, 
Thomas  Hemerford,  John  Nutter,  Richard 
White,  Edward  Strancham,  Nicholas  Wheeler 
(and  probably  John  Munden). 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

"  The  Lord  Steward  then  addressed  the  prisoners 
in  a  pathetic  speech,  and  concluded  by  pronouncing 
sentence  in  the  following  words: — 'The  judgment 
of  the  law  is,  and  this  High  Court  doth  award,  that 
you,  William  Earl  of  Kilmarnock,  George  Earl  of 
Cromarty,  and  Arthur  Lord  Bal merino,  and  every 
one  of  you,  return  to  the  prison  of  the  Tower  from 
whence  you  came ;  from  thence  you  must  be  drawn 
to  the  place  of  execution ;  when  you  come  there, 
you  must  be  hanged  by  the  neck,  but  not  till  you 
are  dead ;  for  you  must  be  cut  down  alive  ;  then 
your  bowels  must  be  taken  out  and  burnt  before 
your  faces  ;  then  your  heads  must  be  severed  from 
your  bodies,  and  your  bodies  must  be  divided  each 
into  four  quarters :  and  these  must  be  at  the  king's 
disposal.  And  God  Almighty  be  merciful  to  your 
souls  ! '  " — Jesse's  '  Memoirs  of  the  Pretenders, 
p.  391. 

W.  E.  WILSON. 

Hawick. 

MARTELLO  TOWERS  (10th  S.  i.  285,  356)  — 
Since  writing  my  note  I  have  been  enabled, 
in  the  course  of  a  tour  round  Cap  Corse,  to 
take  a  close  observation  of  the  point  and  bay 
of  Mortella.  I  was  unable  to  discern  any 
vestiges  of  a  fort  on  the  point.  If  it  were 
destroyed  in  1793,  the  work  must  have  been 
very  thoroughly  done.  The  nearest  Genoese 
watch-tower  is  situated  at  Farinole,  a  mile 
or  two  to  the  northward.  The  myrtle  abounds 
in  the  neighbourhood,  and  the  vicinity  of  St. 
Florent  is  the  only  part  of  Corsica  in  which 
the  oleander  grows  wild.  It  is  a  pretty 
Corsican  custom  to  strew  branches  of  myrtle 
before  the  residence  of  a  bride,  and  in  driving 
through  Patrimonio,  a  village  near  St. 
Florent,  we  passed  a  house  from  which  a 
marriage  procession  had  just  departed,  the 
air  being  thick  with  the  odour  of  the  crushed 
eaves.  It  would  be  interesting  to  receive 
farther  evidence  with  regard  to  the  alleged 
derivation  of  Martello  from  Mortella. 

W.  F.  PRIDEAUX. 

Bastia. 

I  believe  the  surname  Martelli  is  of  con- 
siderable antiquity  in  Florence  and  other 
parts  of  Italy.  I  do  not  suggest  that  the 


412 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        cio*  s.  i.  MAY  21, 1901. 


Martello  Towers  are  named  after  this  family, 
but  the  similarity  in  the  two  words  is 
certainly  very  marked.  In  May,  1901,  1 
copied  the  following  inscriptions  from  two 
mural  tablets  at  the  west  end  of  the  nave  of 
St.  Clement's  Church,  Hastings  : — 

Near  this  spot 

are  deposited  the  remains  of 

Horatio  Martelli  Esq. 

who  died  29th  Decr  1817 

aged  48  years. 

This  monument  was  erected  to 

his  beloved  memory  by  his 

afflicted  widow  and  eight 

children. 

Also  the  remains  of 

Catherine 
widow  of  the  above  mentioned 

Horatio  Martelli 
She  died  the  10th  June  1818 

aged  37  years 
This  tablet  was  erected  to  her  lamented  memory 

by  her  orphans. 

"  I  will  not  leave  you  comfortless :  I  will 
come  to  you."  John  xiv.  18  ver. 

On  the  upper  tablet  is  a  coat  of  arms  which 
I  read  as  follows  :  Per  fess  or  and  argent,  in 
chief  an  eagle  displayed  and  crowned  proper ; 
in  base,  on  a  mount  vert,  a  [?  Martello]  tower, 
supported  by  two  lions  rampant  gules ; 
in  the  dexter  and  sinister  base  points  a 
fleur-de-lis  azure.  On  an  escutcheon  of 
pretence,  Argent,  a  fess  gules  between  three 
crescents  sable,  a  canton  ermines,  impaling 
Sable,  a  chevron ;  in  chief  two  (?)  tigers 
passant,  and  in  base  an  annulet,  all  argent. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 
West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

'  THE  GRENADIER'S  EXERCISE  OF  THE 
GRENADO  '  (10th  S.  i.  347).— Immediately  fol- 
lowing p.  306  in  Sibbald  Scott's  'British 
Army,'  vol.  ii.,  1868,  are  two  plates,  one  of 
which,  "No.  45,"  represents  a  'Grenadier 
of  H.M.  1st  Regiment  of  Foot  Guards, 
A.D.  1745';  and  at  p.  307  it  is  stated  that 
"  the  Grenadier  on  plate  xlv.  is  copied,  by 
kind  permission,  from  the  Journal  of  the 
Arch&ological  Institution,  No.  91.  It  is  taken 
from  an  engraving  by  Bernard  Lens,  limner 
to  George  II,  which  is  in  a  rare  book  in 
the  RA.  Library,  Woolwich,  entitled,  '  The 
Grenadier's  Exercise  of  the  Grenado  in  H.M 
First  Regiment  of  Foot  Guards.' "  W.  S. 

"  KICK  THE  BUCKET  "  '(10th  S.  i.  227,  314).— 
It  would,  perhaps,  be  impossible  to  settle 
with  absolute  certainty  the  origin  of  this 
phrase.  It  becomes,  therefore,  more  or  less  a 
question  of  weighing  probabilities,  and  none 
of  the  explanations  seems  to  equal  in  merit 
the  one  familiar  to  me  from  my  youth  up. 
When  a  butcher  slings  up  a  sheep  or  pig 


after  killing,  he  fastens  to  the  hocks  of  the 
animal  what  is  technically  known  in  the 
trade  as  a  gambol,  a  piece  of  wood  curved 
somewhat  like  a  horse's  leg.  This  is  also 
known  in  Norfolk  as  a  bucket,  a  variation, 
according  to  Forby,  of  bucker.  The  'N.E.D./ 
by  the  way,  is  silent  on  this  point,  and  does 
not  even  mention  gambal,  which  may  be 
found  in  any  London  advertiser's  catalogue ; 
but  gamble  as  a  variant  of  gambrel  or  gambril 
is  given.  Bucket,  I  may  add,  is  not  only 
well  known  in  Norfolk  in  this  sense,  and 
commonly  used,  but  with  some  of  our  folk 
is  the  only  word  known  for  the  article  in 
question.  To  "kick  the  bucket,"  then,  is  the 
sign  of  the  animal's  being  dead,  and  the 
origin  of  the  phrase  may  probably,  if  not 
indisputably,  be  referred  to  this  source. 

HOLCOMBE  INGLEBY. 
Heacham,  Norfolk. 

CATHEDRAL  HIGH  STEWARDS  (10th  S.  i.  348). 
— Norwich  is  not  unique  in  possessing  such 
an  official,  for  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of 
Canterbury  have  such  an  officer,  whose  office 
appears  to  be  a  survival  of  the  layman  of 
power  and  importance  in  the  county,  who 
was  steward  of  the  Prior  and  monks  of 
Canterbury.  ARTHUR  HUSSEY. 

Tankerton-on-Sea,  Kent. 

'  ATHENA  CANTABRIGIENSES  '  (10th  S.  i. 
348).— In  the  'D.N.B.,'  under  Charles  Henry 
Cooper  (1808-66),  is  the  following  :— 

"After  the  decease  of  the  principal  author,  the 
University  handsomely  offered  to  defray  the  cost  of 
printing,  at  the  University  Press,  the  remainder  of 
the  '  Athense,'  but  his  two  sons,  after  making  some 
further  progress  with  the  preparation  of  the  manu- 
script, were  reluctantly  obliged,  by  the  pressure  of 
their  professional  avocations,  to  finally  abandon  the 
undertaking.  The  extensive  collection  of  notes 
for  bringing  the  work  down  to  1866  remains  in  the 
possession  of  Cooper's  widow." 

LIONEL  A.  V.  SCHANK. 

RIGHT  HON.  JOHN  SMITH,  SPEAKER  (10th 
S.  i.  348).— MR.  PINK  will  find  plenty  of 
material  for  this  family  which  has  never 
been  properly  dealt  with.  Mr.  C.  Reade 
('  Smith  Family ')  cannot  even  give  the  Chris- 
tian name  of  the  Speaker's  father.  The  fol- 
lowing rough  notes  may  be  of  use.  In  the 
Subsidy  Rolls,  John  Smith,  Esq.,  has  3l.  in 
land  in  North  Ted  worth  (temp.  Car.  II). 
John  Smith,  of  Aldermanbury,  London,  and 
afterwards  of  North  Ted  worth,  had  a  daughter 
Jane,  who  was  mother  of  Serjeant  Webb 
(born  about  1663)  and  of  the  well-known 
General  John  Richmond  Webb  (born  about 
1667).  In  1683  John  Smith,  of  South  Ted- 
worth,  widower,  married  Ann,  eighteenth 
daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Strickland,  Bart.  la 


io»  s.  i.  MAY  -21, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


413 


the  first  year  of  William  and  Mary,  John 
Smith  of  Ted  worth  was  a  collector  for 
Wilts.  A  John  Smith  of  Tedworth  married 
Anne,  daughter  of  Sir  Nicholas  Stuart  of  Hart- 
ley Mauduit,  who  died  1709,  cet.  ninety-three. 
Thomas  Smith,  of  Tedworth  (died  1662),  had 
a  daughter  Jane,  married  to  William  Gore, 
and  by  him  ancestress  of  Lord  Temple.  The 
Speaker,  who  died  in  1723,  had  a  sister  who 
married  Sir  Samuel  Dashwood,  Lord  Mayor 
of  London,  and  left  many  children  by  him, 
Lord  Archer  (born  1695)  being  her  grandson. 
The  will  of  Henry  Smith,  of  South  Tedworth, 
was  proved  (P.C.C.)  1732.  SARUM. 

COLD  HARBOUR  :  WINDY  ARBOUR  (10th  S.  i. 
341). — There  really  cannot  remain,  at  the 
present  date,  any  doubt  whatever  as  to  the 
sense.  It  simply  means  "harbour  without  a 
fire,"  and  is  explained  in  '  H.E.D.,'  otherwise 
known  as  'N.E.D.'  (Neglected  English 
Dictionary),  s.v.  'Harbour,'  section  2. 

Just  in  the  same  way,  a  "cold  chamber" 
meant  a  room  without  a  fire.  Thus  in 
Malory's  '  Morte  Arthure,'  bk.  vi.  c.  2:  "They 
leyd  him  in  a  chamber  cold."  It  seems  to  me 
that  the  attempt  to  connect  Cold  with  places 
containing  Col-  will  be  all  lost  labour ;  we 
know  for  certain  that  there  is  no  connexion 
except  when  Col-  represents  cool ;  and  even 
this  is  accidental. 

It  will  be  much  more  to  the  point  if  some 
one  will  give  us  more  information  about  the 
Cold  Harbour  in  London,  which  was  neither 
mixed  up  with  any  Col-,  nor  beside  a  country 
road,  nor  beside  a  Roman  road.  Stowe,  in 
his  '  Survey  of  London,'  says  that  the  steeple 
and  choir  of  the  church  of  Allhallows  the 
Less 

"  standeth  on  an  arched  gate,  being  the  entry  to 

a  great  house  called  Cold  Harbrough Touching 

this  Cold  Harbrough,  I  find  that  in  the  thirteenth  of 
Ed  ward  II.  Sir  John  Abel,  knight,  demised  or  let  unto 
Henry  Stow,  draper,  all  that  his  capital  messuage 
called  the  Cold  Harbrough,  in  the  parish  of 
All  Saints  ad  ffenum,  and  all  the  appurtenances 
within  the  gate,  with  the  key  which  Robert 
Hartford had  and  ought," 

i.e.,  possessed.  The  same  Cold  Harbrough 
was  sold  to  John  Poultney,  four  times  Mayor, 
and  took  the  name  of  Poultney's  Inn.  Sub- 
sequently Poultney  gave  to  Humphrey  de 
Bohun,  Earl  of  Hereford,  "his  whole  tene- 
ment called  Cold  Harbrough  [so  that  the  old 
name  stuck  to  it],  with  all  the  tenements  and 
key  adjoining/'  We  find  several  other  par- 
ticulars, such  as  that  Edmond,  Earl  of  Cam- 
bridge, "  was  there  lodged  "  ;  and,  in  the  time 
of  Henry  VIII. ,  "  Cuthbert  Tunstal,  Bishop 
of  Durham,  was  lodged  in  this  Cold  Har- 
brough";  and  finally,  it  was  pulled  down, 


and  replaced   by  a  great  number  of   small 
tenements. 

This  Cold  Harbour  was  evidently  a  "great 
house,"  used  as  a  lodging  by  great  people  ; 
in  fact,  a  large  hostel.  1  contribute  a 
reference  to  it  on  my  own  account,  dated 
1410:  "  L'oustiel  appellez  le  Coldherbergh  en 
Londres  "  ('  Proceedings  and  Ordinances  of 
the  Privy  Council,'  ed.  Sir  H.  Nicolas,  i.  330). 
WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

It  is  to  be  hoped  that  MR.  SNOWDEN  WARD'S 
request  for  an  exhaustive  list  of  places  bear- 
ing this  name  will  meet  with  a  good  response, 
if  only  to  give  us  a  chance  of  testing  the 
theoretical  connexion  with  Roman  villas  and 
Roman  roads  that  has  been  confidently  pro- 
claimed for  so  many  years.  Would  it  be  a  very 
bold  thing  to  suggest  that  "cole  arbour,"  so 
often  found  as  the  older  spelling,  gives,  after 
all,  the  true  origin,  viz.,  "charcoal-burners' 
hut"?  It  would  then  be  precisely  parallel 
to  the  countless  "  colcots,"  and  explain  such 
frequent  names  as  Cole  Farm,  Cole  Barn, 
Coles  Hill,  Cole  Allen,  Collier's  Green,  Collier's 
Hill,  Collier  Street. 

As  MR.  WARD  asks  for  similar  forms,  the 
following  may  interest  him :  Coldstaple, 
Cold  roast,  Cold  Ash,  Cold  Comfort,  Cold 
Kitchen,  Cold  Bridge,  Coldswood,  Cold  Blow, 
Key  Cold  Hill.  SARDM. 

WALBEOFF  FAMILY  (10th  S.  i.  347).— See 
Dwnn's  'Visitations  of  Wales,'  ii.  37,  58,  and 
Jones's  '  History  of  the  County  of  Breck- 
nock,' ii.  583.  A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

This  was  a  Norman  stock,  dwelling  for 
many  centuries  in  the  South  Wales  Marches, 
on  the  Herefordshire  border.  Persons  of  the 
name  (mostly  in  humble  circumstances)  were 
living  in  the  same  district  down  to  the  nine- 
teenth century,  and  the  surname  could  pro- 
bably even  yet  be  found  extant.  I  have  a 
short  Elizabethan  pedigree  of  the  family  of 
Walbeoff  of  Llanhamulch. 

JOHN  HOBSON  MATTHEWS. 

Mon  mouth. 

REV.  ARTHUR  GALTON  (10th  S.  i.  349).— 
If  I  am  right  in  identifying  this  gentleman 
with  the  Rev.  Arthur  Howard  Galton,  then 
Crockford's  '  Clerical  Directory '  supplies 
information.  Mr.  Galton  joined  the  Church 
of  Rome,  and  was  ordained  priest  in  1880. 
His  'Thomas  Cromwell'  appeared  in  1887. 
Since  his  readmittance  to  the  Church  of 
England  (1898)  he  has  published:  'The 
Message  of  the  Church  of  England '  (1899)  , 
'Rome  and  Romanizing'  (1900);  'Our  Atti- 
tude towards  English  Roman  Catholics  and 
the  Papal  Court '  (1901) ;  and  k  Ecclesiastical 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        tio*  s.  i.  MAY  21,  im. 


Architecture  "(theopeningsectionof  Barnard's 
'Companion  to  English  History  ')  in  1902. 

C.  S.  WARD. 

Mr.  Galton  would,  of  course,  be  best  able 
to  supply  the  list  applied  for  by  Miss  M.  (J. 
BOYLE  ;  but  in  lack  of  this  more  satisfactory 
method  of  information,  I  subjoin  a  brief 
bibliography  of  such  of  Mr.  Gallon's  works 
•as  are  known  to  me  : — 

'  The  Character  and  Times  of  Thomas  Cromwell,' 
1887,  Cornish,  Birmingham,  5s. 

'  Mathew  Arnold,'  1897,  Elkin  Mathews,  3s.  6d. 

'  The  Message  and  Position  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land,' 1899,  Kegan  Paul,  Trench  &  Co.,  3s.  6d. 

'Rome  and  Romanizing:  some  Experiences  and 
a  Warning,'  1900,  Skeffington  &  Son,  Is 

'The  Catholicity  of  the  Reformed  Church  of 
England.'  1901,  Skeffington  &  Son,  6d. 

'  The  Protestant  ism  of  the  Reformed  and  Catholic 
Church  in  England,'  1901,  Skeffington  &  Son,  Gd. 

'  The  History  of  the  Mediaeval  and  Papal  Doc- 
trine of  Confession,'  1900  Ladies'  League,  3d. 

'  The  Anglican  Position,'  1900,  same  publisher. 

Also  articles  on  political  topics  in  National 
Review,  and  life-sketch  in  '  Roads  from  Home,' 
1902,  R.T.S.,  2s.  6rf.  J.  B.  McGovERN. 

St.  Stephen's  Rectory,  C.-on-M.,  Manchester. 

MARK  HILDESLEY  (10th  S.  i.  344).— I  suggest 
that  MR.  STEWART  has  overlooked  some 
abbreviation  marks  in  the  inscription,  and 
inserted  some  commas.  In  the  ninth  line  of 
the  lower  fragment  is  it  quite  certain  that 
the  small  word  is  in,  and  that  there  is  a 
comma  after  it?  Otherwise,  I  suggest  ne 
•without  a  comma.  With  meatus,  datus, 
decoratus,  beattts,  the  meaning  seems  plain. 

F.  P. 

In  the  first  and  second  lines  of  the  epitaph 
read  Maximus,  not  "  Maxim  ut  "  ;  in  the  fif  th 
and  sixth  if  =  that,  not  "ye."  The  line 
which  "appears  hopeless"  may  possibly 
mean  :  "  By  which  [migration]  Lincoln's  Inn 
is  still  further  endowed  [with  distinction,  or 
a  legacy?]."  E.  S.  DODGSON. 

On  p.  281  of  'Memoirs  of  Mark  Hildes- 
ley, D.D.,  Lord  Bishop  of  Sodor  and  Mann,' 
by  the  Rev.  Weeden  Butler,  is  the  inscrip- 
tion, "on  a  free-stone  upon  the  pavement  of 
the  chancel  opposite  the  door  "  in  the  church 
of  St.  Margaret,  Hemingford  Abbats,  to  the 
memory  of  the  bishop's  great-uncle  :— 

"  Here  lieth  |  John  Hildesley,  Esq.,  barrister  at 
law.  |  He  was  the  eldest  son  of  Mark  Hildesley, 
Esq.  |  of  Kingston  upon  Thames,  in  the  county  of 
I  Surry,  |  barrister  at  law ;  |  Grandson  of  Mark 
Hildesley,  Esq.  |  lord  mayor  elect,  and  representa- 

&SiLi      th?  ~city  of  London  I  died  April  the 

^  17ol,  aged  70  years." 

A  note  by  the  editor  is  inserted  throwing 
doubt  upon  the  statement  that  the  grand- 
father represented  the  City,  as  his  name  does 


not  occur  in  any  list  of  "members  for  London," 
nor  in  the  various  lists  of  sheriffs.  Possibly 
the  burial  took  place  at  Kingston. 

ERNEST  B.  SAVAGE. 
St.  Thomas,  Douglas. 

BYARD  FAMILY  (10th  S.  i.  348).— Inquiries 
were  made  for  a  family  of  this  name  so  long 
ago  as  May,  1859  (2nd  S.  vii.  436).  The  reply 
(p.  506)  referred  to  Capt.  Sir  Thomas  Byard, 
and  George  and  Leonard,  of  the  parish  of 
Owstou,  co.  York.  Should  this  reference 
be  considered  of  any  value  by  your  corre- 
spondent, I  will  send  him  a  MS.  copy  of  it. 

EVERARD   HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

The  Rev.  Frank  Byard  is  the  vicar  of 
Dalton-in-Furness. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL  D. 

MINIATURE  OF  SIR  ISAAC  NEWTON  (10th  S. 
i.  248,  315,  355). — I  am  deeply  indebted  to 
DR.  FORSHAW  for  directing  attention  to  rny 
egregious  error,  which  I  am  unable  to 
explain.  On  referring  to  the  Transactions  of 
the  Royal  Society  (London)  for  the  year  1699 
I  find  the  name  of  Newton  as  that  of  one  of 
the  eight  Foreign  Associates  of  the  Royal 
Academy  of  Sciences  at  Paris,  founded  in 
1666,  and  abolished  by  the  National  Con- 
vention in  1793. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

I  regret  I  am  unable  to  give  any  history 
of  the  miniature,  as  I  purchased  it  from  a 
dealer  who  had  bought  it  at  a  sale;  but  there 
can  be  no  doubt  of  its  being  genuine.  The 
date  of  the  inscription  is  clearly  1703,  en- 
graved on  the  silver  back  of  the  frame,  which 
is  beautiful  work  of  early  eighteenth-century 
date.  Possibly,  although  dated  1703,  in  com- 
memoration of  Sir  Isaac  Newton  having  been 
elected  President  of  the  Royal  Society  in 
that  year,  the  miniature  may  have  been 
painted  after  he  was  knighted  in  1705. 

ROBERT  BIRKBECK. 

LINKS  WITH  THE  PAST  (10th  S.  i.  325).— An 
instance  of  longevity  in  the  family  of  Sir 
Rowland  Hill  eclipses  the  case  mentioned  by 
HELGA.  My  great-grand-uncle,  John  Hill, 
was  born  in  1719  (served  as  a  volunteer  in 
"  the  '45  "  against  the  Jacobites),  and  died  in 
1810,  aged  ninety-one.  His  grand-nephew, 
my  uncle  Frederic  Hill,  was  born  in  1803,  and 
died  in  1896,  aged  ninety-three.  The  span 
of  years  bridged  by  these  two  long  lives  is 
therefore  not  far  off  two  centuries,  or  177 
years.  ELEANOR  C.  SMYTH. 

Harborne. 

The  Spectator  recently  had  a  large  number 
of  these  in  its  columns.  It  may  be  of  some 


s.i.  MAY  2i,  1904.]          NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


415 


interest  to  state  that  in  the  town  of  Nairn 
there  is  living  a  lady,  now  in  her  ninety-sixth 
year,  who  when  a  child  talked  to  men  who 
had  been  "out  in  the  Forty -five."  In 
Moffat  there  lives  a  lady,  now  in  her  hun- 
dredth year,  who  can  remember  Waterloo, 
and  who  travelled  in  the  stage  coach  with 
Charlotte  Carpentier,  Lady  Scott. 

W.  E.  WILSON. 
Ha  wick. 

DR.  SAMUEL  HINDS,  FORMERLY  BISHOP  OF 
NORWICH  (10th  S.  i.  227,  351).— MR.  HIBGAME 
might  like  to  know  that  the  Doctor's  portrait 
was  painted  by  T.  Wagernan  in  1834,  and 
that  I  have  an  engraving  of  it — quite  at  his 
service  should  he  care  to  see  it. 

HAROLD  MALET,  Colonel. 

Radnor  House,  near  Sandgate. 

The  late  Canon  Howell,  of  Drayton  Rectory, 
near  Norwich,  was  a  near  relation  of  this 
bishop.  A  letter  to  Miss  Hinds  Howell,  his 
daughter,  would  no  doubt  obtain  the  in- 
formation which  is  required.  She  was  living 
a  few  years  since  in  the  Close  at  Norwich, 
and  may  still  be  resident  there.  If  not,  her 
address  would  be  known  to  the  cathedral 
officials.  W.  P.  COURTNEY. 

Si.    FlNA  OF    GlMIGNANO   (10th  S.    1.   349).— 

There  are  two  frescoes— Vision  and  Burial. 
These  are  in  the  Santa  Fina  side-chapel  in 
La  Collegiata  at  San  Gimignano,  not  far 
from  Siena.  Fina  (perhaps  a  pet  form  of 
Serafina)  was  a  very  poor  girl  who  suffered 
cruelly  from  disease,  practically  unrelieved 
by  any  healing  ministry,  and  borne  with 
exemplary  patience.  She  found  comfort  and 
courage  in  a  sense  of  fellow-suffering  with 
St.  Gregory  the  Great,  whose  last  years  had 
been  one  long  torture  from  gout.  He 
appeared  to  her,  and  promised  her  release 
on  his  day.  She  died  accordingly  on  12 
March,  1253.  There  is  a  'Life'  in  'Acta 
Sanctorum '  (12  March,  ii.  236),  which  is 
sufficiently  represented  in  Baring-Gould's 

*  Saints'  ('March,'  p.  239).     Mrs.  Jameson  has 
a    pleasant   notice  of    her    in  'Sacred   and 
Legendary    Art,'    p.    650,    and    assigns   the 
frescoes  to  Sebastian  Mainardi  (?). 

C.  S.  WARD. 
An  account  of  St.  Fina  will  be  found  in 

*  The  Story  of  Siena  and  San  Gimignano,'  by 
E.   G.    Gardner  (Dent  &  Co),   one  of    the 
charming  "  Mediaeval  Town  Series." 

HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 
119,  Elms  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 

DEAN'S  YARD,  WESTMINSTER,  No.  17  (9th  S. 
xii.  265;  10th  S.  i.  336).— In  'Recollec- 
tions of  a  Town  Boy  at  Westminster, 


1849-1855,'  by  Capt.  F.  Markham,  pp.  22-3 
(London,  Edward  Arnold,  1903),  this  house  is 
referred  to  as  "a  prebendary's  residence, 
then  occupied  by  the  Bishop  of  Gloucester, 
who  was  a  Canon  of  the  Abbey." 

T.  F.  D. 

SHANKS'S  MARE'(10th  S.  i.  345).—"  Shanks's 
pony  "  is  also  employed.  As  to  galloway,  the 
word,  though  of  course  Scotch,  is  sometimes 
heard  south  of  the  Humber.  Probably  it  was 
in  trod  uced  by  horse-cou  pers  and  cattle  d  rovers 
in  the  days  before  animals  were  sent  by  rail. 
Many  so-called  Scotch  words  are  English 
enough.  "Bairn,"  for  instance,  has  always 
been  current  so  far  south  as  Lincolnshire,  at 
least.  But  some  few  others  owe  their  pre- 
sent range  to  the  men  who  used  to  bring 
herds  from  all  parts  of  the  Scotch  Lowlands 
to  the  English  fairs.  Some  of  these  people 
are  said  to  have  known  every  road  and  by- 
path from  the  Highland  line  to  the  Mid- 
lands. There  is  a  story  that  the  rents  of  the 
Carrs,  who  held  property  at  Sleaford,  used  to 
be  sent  into  Northumberland  in  the  charge 
of  a  trusted  drover,  whom  no  highwayman 
ever  suspected  of  carrying  an  important  sum 
of  money.  Though  shorn  of  much  of  its 
importance,  Horncastle  horse-fair  is  still  well 
frequented.  In  the  year  of  the  Franco- 
German  war,  not  only  did  Scotch  and  Irish 
dealers  flock  to  it  as  usual,  but  French  buyers 
were  also  in  the  field.  It  is  not  unusual  for 
foreigners  to  frequent  English  fairs  and  to 
pick  up  our  horsy  words.  M.  P. 

The  slang  expression  current  hereabouts  to 
denote  a  journey  performed  on  foot  is  always 
"Shanks's  pony."  Miss  Baker  has  the  fol- 
lowing in  her  '  Glossary  of  Northamptonshire 
Words  and  Phrases  ': — 

"Shanks'  Poney.  A  low  phrase,  signifying 
travelling  on  foot,  or,  as  it  is  sometimes  said,  on 
ten  toes.  Hartshorne  inserts  it ;  Moor  has  Shank's 
Nag ;  Jamieson,  Shank's  Nagie ;  and  Craven 
Dialect,  Shank's  Galloway." 

A  somewhat  similar  phrase  is  "  Shoe-cart." 
I  was  talking  to  a  labouring  man  the  other 
day  about  some  one  being  unable  to  afford 
the  cost  of  a  horse  and  trap  to  take  him  to  a 
certain  place.  "He  must  do  as  I  should," 
said  he,  "  go  in  a  shoe-cart." 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

"To  shank  oneself  away"  occurs  in  'The 
Antiquary,'  by  Scott  (chap,  xxvii.).  Similar 
phrases  are  "to  borrow  Mr.  Foot's  horse"; 
"  to  go  by  Walker's  'bus  ";  "  to  travel  by  the 
marrow-bone  stage";  "to  go  on,  or  ride 
Bayard  of  ten  toes."  The  "marrow -bone 
stage"  is  probably  in  allusion  to  the  first 


416 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


s.  i.  MAY  21,  MO* 


omnibus  run  from  the  "Yorkshire  Stingo" 
in  Marylebone,  which,  as  is  well  known,  is 
pronounced  "  Marrybun."  There  is  also  the 
slang  phrase  "to  pad  the  hoof";  and  "to 
take  one's  foot  in  one's  hand  "  is  to  depart 

or  make  a  journey:   "Andrew made  his 

bows,  and,  as  the  saying  is,  took  his  foot  in 
his  hand  "  (1  Smollett). 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

"FEED  THE  BRUTE"  (10th  S.  i.  348).— This 
phrase  refers  probably  to  the  following  story, 
which  went  the  rounds  of  the  American 
papers  some  years  ago.  A  married  lady  was 
asked  how  she  managed  to  get  on  so  well 
with  her  husband.  She  answered,  "I  feed 
the  brute— his  stomach  with  food  and  his 
head  with  flattery."  This  story  may  have 
first  appeared  in  P^lnch,  though  the  bitter, 
cynical  humour  seems  to  me  more  American 
than  English.  M.  N.  G. 

One  is  under  the  impression  that  this  was 
PwwcA's  truthfully  humorous  answer  to  the 
question  of  the  hour,  "How  to  be  happy 
though  married."  J.  H.  MACMICHAEL. 

In  'Lady  Windermere's  Fan,'  Act  I.,  pro" 
duced  at  the  St.  James's  Theatre  22  February' 
1892,  the  Duchess  of  Berwick  says  :  "  Noio  I 
know  that  all  men  are  monsters.  The  only 
thing  to  do  is  to  feed  the  wretches  well.  A 
good  cook  does  wonders,"  &c.  But  this  may 
be  an  adaptation  by  Oscar  Wilde  of  an 
earlier  apophthegm.  A.  K.  BAYLEY. 

WELLINGTON'S  HORSES  (10th  S.  i.  329).— Some 
of   the  particulars   required   by  your  corre- 
spondent  will  be  found  in  the  answers  to 
previous  inquiries  in  '  N".  &  Q.'    See  8th  S  iv 
447,  489 ;  v.  53,  154,  215. 

EVERARD   HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

SHAKESPEARE'S  GRAVE  (10th  S.  i.  288,  331, 
352).— I  wish  to  thank  DR.  FORSHAW  for  his 
kind  reply  to  my  query  about  Shakespeare's 
grave,  and  to  express  my  sorrow  that  I 
offended  him  by  calling  the  lines  on  the 
tombstone  doggerel.  Evidently  the  ideas  as 
to  what  constitutes  poetry  differ  on  the  two 
sides  of  "  the  pond." 

Does  "the  prevailing  tradition  that  the 
bust  was  copied  from  a  cast  after  nature" 
apply  to  the  bust  which  is  at  present  in  the 
btratford  Church,  which  was  placed  there 
about  1746  by  John  Ward,  the  grandfather 
of  Mrs.  Siddqns,  and  the  leader  of  the  com- 
pany of  strolling  players  to  which  DR.  FOR- 
SHAW refers,  or  to  the  original  bust  which  it 
replaced,  and  to  which  it  bears  no  resemblance 
either  jn  attitude  or  features,  and  which  is 


figured  in  Dugdale's  'Warwickshire'?   I  might 
add  that  as  I  formerly  lived  in  Gloucester- 
shire, within  four  miles  of  Stratford,  I  do  not 
need  to  go  to  Wheler's  '  Stratford  '  to  lean* 
about  the  existing  form  of  the  monument. 
ISAAC  HULL  PLATT. 
The  Players,  New  York. 

The  point  MRS.  MC!LQUHAM  raises  seemed 
so  interesting  to  me  that  I  determined 
to  visit  Stratford  to  obtain  the  correct 
measurements.  My  journey  well  repaid  the 
time  thus  expended,  for  Mr.  W.  Bennett, 
the  parish  clerk,  informed  me  that  the  ques- 
tion of  distance  had  never  been  raised  before. 
The  correct  height  of  the  monument  from 
the  floor  is  six  feet  three  inches,  and  the 
nearest  distance  from  the  monument  to  the 
slab  over  Shakespeare's  grave  is  eight  feet 
three  inches.  Mr.  Bennett,  who  assisted  me 
with  the  measurements,  informed  me  the 
general  impression  was  that  the  lines  were 
the  outcome  of  Shakespeare's  aversion  to  the 
removed  bones  in  the  charnel-house  which 
almost  immediately  adjoins  both  monument 
and  tombstone. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

Allow  me  to  refer  to  the  sixth  edition  of 
Halliwell-Phillipps's  '  Outlines,'  in  which  full 
information  may  be  found.  In  regard  to  the 
original  tombstone  once  covering  the  remains 
of  Shakspeare,  Halliwell-Phillipps  observes  : 

"The  original  memorial  has  wandered  from  its 
allotted  station,  no  one  can  tell  whither— a  sacrifice 
to  the  insane  worship  of  prosaic  neatness,  that 
mischievous  demon  whose  votaries  have  practically 
destroyed  the  priceless  relics  of  ancient  England 
and  her  gifted  sons." — Vol.  i.  p.  240. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A, 
Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

WILTON  NUNNERY  (10th  S.  i.  248,  318).— DR. 
FORSHAW  dismisses  my  request  for  evidence 
with  an  airy  "There  is  no  doubt" — sed  quaere. 
Scott,  who  cites  no  authority,  would  appear 
to  have  borrowed  his  account  from  Aubrey 
('  Letters,'  ii.  479),  whose  story,  whencesqever 
derived,  is  stigmatized  as  "  improbable "  by 
the  'D.N.B.'  (xxvi.  222).  The  Pope  had 
assented  to  the  retention  of  ecclesiastical 
property  by  the  spoilators,  whose  title  was 
further  confirmed  by  1  &  2  Phil.  &  Mar.  c.  8, 
and  though  the  Crown  refused  to  avail 
itself  of  the  permission  accorded,  I  know  of 
no  subject  whose  conscience  was  so  tender ; 
and  in  point  of  fact  the  Earl  of  Pembroke 
appears  to  have  been  still  resident  at  Wilton 
House  in  August,  1558  (see  'S.  P.  Dom.  Mary,' 
xiii.  63).  If  it  was  restored  to  the  nuns 
between  that  date  and  the  death  of  the 


i.  MAY  21, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


417 


queen  on  17  November,  one  would  expect  to 
find  some  contemporary  evidence;  but,  so  far 
as  my  information  goes,  there  is  none. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

THE  LOBISHOME  (10th  S.  i.  327).— It  does 
not  seem  right  that  a  witch,  or  wizard,  who 
is  transformed  to  a  horse,  should  be  called  a 
were-wolf.  But  a  witch  is  supposed  capable 
of  changing  herself,  or  her  victims,  to  any 
animal ;  and  the  way  to  undo  the  witchcraft 
is  to  draw  blood.  In '  Henry  VI.'  Talbotsays 
to  Joan : — 

Blood  will  I  draw  on  thee.    Thou  art  a  witch. 
Washington  Irving  mentions  the  Belludo, 
a  supernatural  horse  of  Spain,  that  gallops 
by  night.     But  that  is  a  ghost.     Churchill, 
in  'The  Ghost,'  has  written  these  lines  : — 

Sad  spirits,  summoned  from  the  tomb, 

Glide,  glaring  ghastly  through  the  gloom, 

In  all  the  usual  pomp  of  storms, 

In  horrid  customary  forms, 

A  wolf,  a  bear,  a  horse,  an  ape. 

E.  YAEDLEY. 

It  is  somewhat  curious  that  no  story 
or  legend  of  the  were-wolf  (iohishomem, 
according  to  Valdez)  is  given  in  Braga's 
^Portuguese  Folk-lore.'  In  C.  Sellers's 
'  Tales  from  the  Lands  of  Nuts  and 
Grapes,'  p.  17,  a  story  is  told  of  a  wolf- 
child  from  the  north  of  Portugal.  There  the 
enchanted  Moors  who  live  underground  are 
credited  with  the  power  of  placing  this  curse 
on  a  baby,  branding  it  with  the  sign  of  the 
crescent.  E.  E.  STREET. 

BIRCH,  BURCII,  OR  BYRCH  FAMILIES  (10th  S. 
i.  328). — MR.  HERBERT  BIRCH  may  care  to  be 
referred  to  the  following  : — 

1.  Walter  de  Gray  Birch,  long  an  assistant 
in  the    Printed    Books  Department  of  the 
British  Museum,   now  retired,  and  residing 
at  1,  Rutland  Park,  Willesden  Green,  N.W. 

2.  George  Henry  Birch,   the  curator  of  Sir 
John  Soane's  Museum.     [Recently  dead.] 

3.  Rev.  W.   M.   Birch,  long  vicar  of  Ash- 
burton,   Devon :    present  address,  Bampton 
Aston,  Oxford. 

4.  Henry  John  Birch,  the  oldest  solicitor 
in  Chester,  of  the  firm  of  Birch,   Cullimore 
&  Douglas,  and  residing  at  Corville,  Liver- 
pool Road. 

5.  Arthur  Burch,  Registrar  to  the  Bishop 
of  Exeter,  formerly  an  Alderman  of  the  City. 

€.  Miss  Margaret  Birch  (of  Shropshire 
descent),  18,  Upper  Northgate  Street,  Chester. 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 
Lancaster. 

NELSON  AND  WOLSEY  (10th  S.  i.  308, 376).— 
In  my  former  reply  I,  with  inexcusable 


fatuity,  turned  for  the  history  of  the  sar- 
cophagus wherein  are  the  remains  of  Nelson 
to  the  late  Dean  Milman's  'Annals  of 
St.  Paul's  Cathedral,'  1868,  p.  485,  and  read 
that  Torregiano  was  the  sculptor  of  Wolsey's 
tomb.  A  wiser  inquiry  and  repentance 
directed  me  to  the  'Italian  Sculpture'  of 
C.  E.  Perkins,  1883,  pp.  247-8,  which  states, 
following  an  account  of  the  Cardinal's  monu- 
ment :  "  Before  Cardinal  Wolsey  gave  Bene- 
detto [da  Rovezzano]  the  commission  for  his 
monument,  he  had  negotiated  for  it  with  one 
of  his  contemporaries,  Piero  Torrigiano." 
Something  to  this  effect  must  have  misled 
the  Dean,  often  unlucky  as  he  was  when 
tombs  were  in  question  ;  witness  the  lament- 
able history  of  his  strenuous  opposition  to 
the  placing  on  a  fit  site  in  St.  Paul's  of 
Alfred  Stevens's  noble  monument  of  Welling- 
ton, which  lie  relegated  to  an  uncomfortable 
corner.  Witness,  likewise,  the  dogged  un- 
reasonableness which  led  him  to  veto  the 
completion  of  Stevens's  design  for  this  monu- 
ment by  placing  the  equestrian  statue  of  the 
Duke  as  the  crowning  element  of  the  whole 
composition.  I  suppose  that  the  Dean,  who 
had  written  a  popular  history  of  the  Jews, 
fancied  an  analogy  between  the  horse  of 
Wellington  and  the  Golden  Calf  of  Moses. 
At  any  rate,  Milman  was  actually  found 
capable  of  declaring  that,  so  far  as  he  could 
prevent  it,  no  figure  of  an  animal — at  least 
of  a  quadruped— should  ever  be  placed  in 
St.  Paul's.  Of  course,  this  curious  and,  for 
the  nonce,  disastrous  whim  was  opposed  to 
the  history  of  art  under  all  nations  and  creeds, 
including  that  of  St.  Paul's  itself.  O. 

ALEXANDER  GARDEN,  M.D.  (10th  S.  i.  328).— 
In  Hew  Scott's  '  Fasti  Ecclesise  Scoticanse  '  it 
is  stated  that  the  Rev.  Alexander  Garden, 
A.M.,  translated  from  Kinnairney,  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  parish  of  Birse  in  1726,  and 
that  he  died  in  1778,  in  his  ninety-first  year, 
and  the  fifty-eighth  of  his  ministry  ;  also 
that  he  married  in  1759,  and  had  two  sons — 
Dr.  Alexander,  physician,  Charlestown,  South 
Carolina,  known  for  his  learning  and  courtesy, 
and  John,  a  merchant  in  London.  W.  S. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &o. 

Lectures  on  European  History.  By  William  Stubbs, 
D.D.  Edited  by  Arthur  Hassall,  M.A.  (Long- 
mans &  Co.) 

THE  publication  of  these  lectures  by  Bishop  Stubbs, 
delivered  in  Oxford  as  Regius  Professor  of  Modern 
History  between  1860  and  1870,  is  expedient  in  all 
respects.  It  is  possible  that,  had  they  been  issued 
under  the  personal  supervision  of  the  author,  they 


418 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io<»  s.  i.  MAY  21,  UM. 


might  have  been  altered  and  modified  in  some 
respects.  Mr.  Hassall,  to  whose  care  and  judgment 
is  attributable  their  appearance,  has,  however 
hesitated  before  making  important  alterations  in 
work  entitled  to  so  much  consideration,  and  has 
confined  himself,  as  he  states,  to  the  addition  of  a 
few  notes,  the  insertion  of  some  genealogical  tables, 
and  the  removal  of  some  (not  all)  colloquialisms 
This  was  doubtless  the  most  expedient  as  well  as 
the  most  respectful  course,  though  it  might,  with 
advantage,  have  been  carried  further.  Almost 
in  limine  we  encounter  references  to  boyhood,  it 
development  and  its  opinions,  which  have  no  direct 
connexion  with  the  subject.  That  subject,  disposed 
under  three  headings,  is  European  history  between 
1519  and  1648,  a  period  which  witnessed  the  growth 
of  the  Reformation,  that  of  the  anti-Reformation, 
and  the  conflict  between  the  two.  The  whole  is 
held  by  Mr.  Hassall  to  constitute  one  historical 
drama,  the  first  act  in  which  consists  of  the  reign  of 
Charles  V.,  the  second  the  period  between  his 
death  and  the  beginning  of  the  seventeenth  century, 
and  the  third  the  Thirty  Years'  War.  It  would  be 
futile  to  complain  that  no  prologue  gives  us  the 
reign  of  Ferdinand  and  Isabella,  the  growth  of 
the  Inquisition,  and  the  extirpation  of  that  Iberian 
reformation  which  seemed  to  be  in  the  air,  and 
would  presumably  have  commended  itself  more 
readily  to  Latin  races  than  did  the  teaching  of 
Luther  or  that  of  Calvin.  It  is  not  easy  to  find 
within  a  similar  space  a  more  orderly  and 
systematic  disposition  and  description  of  the  forces 
which  led  straight  up  to  modern  history,  and  found 
their  culmination  in  the  triumph  of  revolution  and 
the  ultimate  extinction  of  "  the  Empire."  It  is 
obviously  impossible  to  give  an  idea  of  the  general 
treatment  of  the  great  themes  with  which  Stubbs 
deals. 

Once  more  we  find  ourselves  compelled  to  admire 
the  accuracy  and  insight  displayed  in  the  character- 
painting.  Now  and  then  a  few  allusions  to  the 
politics  of  the  last  generation  are  traced.  Who 
can  mistake  the  reference  when  we  find  in  an 
analysis  of  the  character  of  Henri  IV.  the 
words,  "  Like  the  statesman  of  the  present  day, 
he  had  not  the  slightest  difficulty  in  training 
his  conscience  to  believe  that  the  course  most 
expedient  for  him  at  the  moment  was  the  one 
which  his  higher  nature  recommended  to  him, 
which  the  development  of  his  own  views  showed 
him  to  be  the  right,  nay,  which,  under  a  different 
form,  was  the  course  which  he  had  always  intended 
to  hold.''  How  far  the  analogy  holds  good  we  are 
scarcely  prepared  to  say.  What  is  said  about  the 
relations  of  Henri  IV.  to  women  has  to  be  read  by 
the  light  of  Stubbs's  own  position  and  the  audience 
lie  had  to  address.  For  his  excesses  Henri,  says  our 
author  in  guarded  language,  "cannot  claim  the 
excuse  of  youth,  if  there  be  any  truth  in  such 
excuse."  Altogether  successful  are  the  short 
sketches  given  of  the  more  important  characters. 
More  than  once  Bishop  Stubbs  dwells  on  the 
influence  in  clearing  the  European  board  of  the 
years  1558  and  1559— Charles  V.  dying  in  September 
and  Queen  Mary  and  Cardinal  Pole  in  November  of 
the  former  year,  and  Pope  Paul  IV.  in  August  and 
Henri  II.  of  France  in  July  of  the  later.  There  are 
few  works  which  present  a  more  condensed  and 
trustworthy  view  of  the  epoch.  A  history  in  the 
full  sense  of  the  word  the_  work  does  not  form, 
and  traces  of  the  constitutional  historian  are 
found  in  the  absence  of  detail  concerning  the 


murder  of  Henri  IV.  or  the  assassination  of  (Juise 
or  Wallenstein.  In  philosophic  grasp  and  in  con- 
densation the  volume  is  most  noteworthy.  It  is, 
however,  welcome  in  all  respects,  and  is  commended 
to  general  use  by  a  fairly  comprehensive  index. 
The  added  pedigrees,  consisting  of  those  of  the 
House  of  Hapsburg  and  of  the  Houses  of  Valois 
and  Bourbon,  increase  the  value  of  the  work. 

Sir  Thomas  More's  Utopia.    Edited  by  J.  Churton. 

Collins.  (Oxford,  Clarendon  Press.) 
A  CRITICAL  edition  of  the  'Utopia'  is  a  boon  to 
the  student.  References  to  the  work  are  abundant  ; 
but  those  who  have  read  it/ either  in  the  transla- 
tion of  Robynson  or  in  that  of  Burnet,  remain  few,, 
even  though  modern  reprints  by  benefactors  such 
as  Prof.  Arber  and  William  Morris  have  com- 
mended it  to  two  classes  of  collectors  or  readers, 
and  though  there  is,  we  are  told,  a  class  of  Com- 
munists who  have  made  of  the  'Utopia'  a  text- 
book. Those  who  know  it  not  can  scarcely  make 
its  acquaintance  in  a  form  more  convenient  and 
attractive  than  now  it  assumes.  Of  the  numerous 
editions  which  have  appeared  during  late  years 
Mr.  Churton  Collins  awards  justly  the  palm  to 
Dr.  Lupton's  edition  of  the  Latin  text  with 
Robynson's  translation,  which,  however,  is  more 
ambitious  in  scope  than  his  own,  and  is  not,  like 
his  own,  intended  to  be  of  service  to  the  junior 
student.  In  praise  of  an  edition  by  Dr.  Lumby  for 
the  Pitt  Press  Series  he  also  speaks.  Mr.  Collins- 
himself  reprints  Robynson's  translation,  supplying 
a  preface,  a  life  of  More,  and  essays  on  the  '  Origin- 
and  Inspiration  of  the  Utopia,'  on  its  framework 
and  models,  its  plot,  its  purpose,  and  on  early 
editions  and  translations.  That  the  source  is  in 
Plato  none  will  deny.  Mr.  Collins  traces,  how- 
ever, a  very  probable  source  of  inspiration  in 
Erasmus,  the  close  friend  of  the  author.  The 
notes  are  excellent,  and  there  is  a  serviceable- 
glossarial  index.  More's '  Utopia '  is  generally  taken 
a  little  too  seriously,  since^  in  spite  of  its  philo- 
sophical and  satirical  purpose,  it  is,  as  Robynson 
calls  it,  "afruteful  and  pleasaunt  Worke."  It  is- 
a  playful  satire  on  the  world  of  his  day,  and  to- 
some  extent  an  adaptation  of  Plato's  '  Republic,' 
with  reminiscences  of  the  '  Civitas  Dei '  of  St. 
Augustine  and  other  Christian  works. 


BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES. 

THE  catalogues  for  May  are  as  numerous  as  those 
during  April,  and  are  equally  full  of  interest. 

From  Oxford  we  have  Mr.  B.  H.  Blackwell's- 
atalogue,  opening  with  books  of  Alpine  travel, 
ollowed  by  Art  and  Architecture,  where  we 
ind  Fulleylove's  'Holy  Land';  Foster's  'Minia- 
,ure  Painters,'  2  vols.  folio,  51.  5s.  ;  Jameson's- 
History  of  our  Lord,'  1857-94,  61.  6s.  ;  Parker's 
Terms  used  in  Architecture,'  1850,  31.  7s.  6d.  ;. 
Turner  and  Ruskin,'  by  F.  Wedmore,  2  vols.  folio, 
900,  151.  15*.  Under  Biography,  Dante,  Shake- 
;peare,  are  many  interesting  items.  Folk-lore 
ncludes  Budge's  'Book  of  the  Dead,'  3  vols.,  30*., 
898;  Early  English  Text  Society,  1864  to  1870, 
01.  10-s.  ;  Nutt's  'Legend  of  the  Holy  Grail,'  1888, 
Ms.  Under  General  is  a  copy  of  '  Memoirs  (Secret 
ind  Private)  of  the  Various  Courts  of  Europe,' 
\ichols,  1895-9,  45  vols.  8vo,  uncut,  10£.  10s. 

Mr.  Cadney,  of  Cambridge,  chooses  for  the  motto 
f  his  catalogue  "  My  library  a  dukedom  large 


io<»  s.i.  MAY  -21,  low.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


419 


enough."  To  this  most  of  the  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 
will  assent.  His  small  list  of  sixteen  pages  is  well 
worth  looking  through.  There  is  a  choice  lot  of 
valuable  book-plates  for  ]'2l.  12.?.  :  a  collection  of 
'200  theatrical  portraits,  1770-1830,  51.  5s.  Autograph 
Letters  include  those  of  Wellington,  Gladstone, 
Dickens,  and  Rossetti.  Under  Ruskin  is  'The  Bow 
in  the  Cloud,'  1834.  In  reference  to  this  Dr. 
Bourdillon  said  in  the  Ath<nceum  of  21  June,  1902: 
"A  Cambridge  bookseller,  Mr.  D.  Cadney,  has 
discovered  what  appears  pretty  certainly  to  be 
the  first  published  poem  of  Ruskin,  in  a  volume 
dated  1834 — that  is,  a  year  before  the  verses  on 
Salzburg  appeared  in  '  Friendship's  Offering.' " 

Messrs.  Deighton,  Bell  &  Co.,  Cambridge,  include 
in  their  list  a  large  and  valuable  collection  of 
drawings  and  engravings  of  the  University,  town, 
and  county  of  Cambridge,  4  vols.  atlas  folio,  251. ; 
Dilettanti  Society,  Vol.  I,  1809,  31.  :  'Corpus 
Scriptorum  Ecclesiasticorum  Latinorum,'  1866-86. 

Mr.  Bertram  Dobell  has  a  large  selection  of  books 
from  the  library  of  the  late  Win.  Ernest  Henley ; 
also  a  collection  of  angling  and  sporting  books  from 
Mr.  W.  Anford  Proud's  collection.  There  is  a  first 
edition  of  Borrow's  '  Lavengro,'  1851,  11.  15s.  :  set 
of  Folk-lore  Society.  1878-93,  111.  10s.  ;  four  finely 
finished  original  water-colour  drawings  by  Row- 
landson,  \l.  15.?.,  and  'The  Vicar  of  Wakefield,' 
with  Rowlandson's  plates,  12/.  12.?.  ;  Charles  Tenny- 
son's 'Sonnets,'  Cambridge,  1830, 1?.  Is.,  and  Tenny- 
son's '  Poems,'  first  edition  (Moxon,  1842),  4J.  4s.  ; 
Wither's  '  Collection  of  Emblemes,'  1635,  61.  15s. 
Under  Shakespeare  Mr.  Dobell  has  his  usual 
rarities. 

Mr.  Downing,  Chaucer's  Head,  Birmingham,  has 
three  short  lists,  containing  many  items  of  interest. 
Among  these  we  find  editions  de  luxe  of  Charles 
Dickens's  works,  30  vols.,  half -morocco,  22?.  10-?.  ; 
also  of  Thackeray.  26  vols.,  221.  10-?.  Other  items 
include  a  beautifully  illuminated  \vork,  '  Les  Evan- 
giles  des  Dimanches  et  Fetes,'  with  100  full-page 
miniatures,  boiind  in  vellum  by  Zaehnsdorf,  17/.  ; 
Barney's  'History  of  Music,'  4/.  15-?.  ;  the  Copper- 
Plate  Magazine,  1792-1802,  31.  a«.  ;  an  extra-illus- 
trated copy  of  Wheatley's  'London,'  181.  18s.; 
Lodge's  '  Portraits,'  22/.  10-?. ;  Rogers's  '  Italy,' 
2  vols.  4to,  1838,  81.  8s.  :  '  Transactions  of  the 
Exeter  Diocesan  Architectural  Society,'  10  vols.. 
51.  15*. ;  Hogarth,  3  vols.  4to,  1808-17,  31.  3s.  ;  '  Bits 
of  Old  Chelsea/ 1894, 5/.  5s.  ;  the  illuminated  edition, 
from  the  Ashendene  Press,  of  'The  Song  of  Solomon,' 
12/.  12--.  :  aset  of  "  Oxford  English  Classics," 44  vols.. 
1825-7,  l-l.  10s.  ;  '  Parables  from  the  Gospels,' printed 
throughout  on  Roman  vellum  at  the  Vale  Press, 
one  of  eight  copies  only,  101. ;  the  Abbotsford  edition 
of  Scott,  1842-51,  IS/.  18-?.  There  are  also  important 
books  on  natural  history. 

Mr.  Francis  Edwards  sends  his  June  list  of 
"  more  books  at  remainder  prices."  These  include 
Arber's  '  British  Anthologies,'  24-?.  ;  Barclay's 
'  Stonehenge,'  6s.  :  Beames's  '  Grammar  of  Indian 
Languages,'  12--?.  frJ.  (this  was  published  at  48-?.) ; 
Brandon's  '  Gothic  Architecture,'  18s.,  published  at 
51.  5s.  :  Borlase's  'Dolmens  of  Ireland,'  21.  10s.,  pub- 
lished at  57.  5-?.  ;  Burke's  'Colonial  Gentry,'  12s  6d. 
(these  two  volumes  contain  the  pedigrees  of  over  500 
colonial  families) :  Farmer  and  Henley's  '  Slang  and 
its  Analogues,'  7  vols.  4to  (subscription  price  127.  5?. 
net),  offered  at  11.  Is.  :  the  works  of  John  Ford, 
12.?.  0(1. :  Fletcher's  '  English  and  Foreign  Book- 
binders,' 51.  5-s. 


The  general  list  of  Messrs.  William  George's  Sons 
Bristol,  includes  Bowman  and  Crowther's  'Churches 
of  the  Middle  Ages,'_3/.  10,.;  an  Autograph  Letter 
of  Dickens,  1844,  of.  5?.  ;  '  Memoirs  of  Henry  Hunt 
(Radical)  1820,  50s  ;  Wes tails  '  Victories'^  the 

X6  2;  lVell^gtQn'  6'-  6s'  ;  and  P"g''n'8  Glossary/ 
18o8,  4/.  4.?.  There  are  a  number  of  works  under 
bcandmavia,  and  under  Spenser  are  some  original 
??^  uuP»bllsh<rd  drawings,  ninety-five  in  number 
T '  '  ?'  JfTL'V?  r«Port  of  the  great  Tichborne 
Trial  edited  by  Dr.  Kenealy,  10  vols.,  3/.  10.?  The 
list  closes  with  a  large  number  of  works  on  Theology. 

.  JhiT  Eh?  ^°,t,-bo°^8  °n  Africa  and  Australia, 
should  obtain  William  George's  Sons'  special  cata- 
logue, its  forty-eight  pages  being  devoted  to  these. 

Mr.  Charles  Higham,  of  Farringdon  Street,  ha* 
a  fresh  catalogue  of  miscellaneous  theological  books 
and  also  a  collection  of  Roman  Catholic  theology.    ' 

Messrs.  Macniven  &  Wallace,  of  Edinburgh  have 
a  new  catalogue  devoted  to  second-hand  modern 
Iheological  Books.  The  items  occupy  36  pages. 

Messrs.  Maggs  Bros.'  Catalogue  of  Old-Time 
-Literature,  M— Z,  comprises  rare  works  published 
prior  to  1800.  These  include  Miltonfs  'Church 
Government,'  first  edition,  1641,  81.  12.?.  6cl.  Under 
S7  £?wsPaPers  are  Mercurius  Publicus,  1659- 
1663  281.  10*.  :  Mercurim  Pragmaticus,  1647-8, 
tt  15*  Under  Old  Plays  are  many  first  editions. 
Ritson  s  English  and  Scottish  Poetry,'  beautifully 
bound  by  .Riviere,  is  181.  !&?.  Under  Scotland  is 
Monipennies  Summarie  of  the  Scots  Chronicles  ' 

printed  at  Brittaine's  Burse  by  John  Budge,"  161'5 
i(M.  10s.  Jhere  is  a  choice  copy  of  Sheridan'-* 
Pizarro,'  1799  m.  9s.;  and  under  Spenser  a  SJ 
tall  copy  of  'Colin  Clout's  Come  Home  Againe  ' 
the  rare  first  edition  with  the  dedication  leaf  to  Sir 
Walter  Raleigh,  1595,  55^.  Under  Swift  are  manv 
rarities.  Ihere  is  also  the  extremely  scarce  fourth 
?dli!?n  °f  Watts  s  '  Divine  and  Moral  Songs,'  1720 
•  j }°?' A  I-OQ  earhest  copy  in  the  British  Museum- 
is  dated  1728.  Roxburghe  Revels,'  1837,  is  21  18? 
In  the  Athenceum,  4  January,  1834,  is  an  article  of 
over  sixteen  columns,  giving  a  complete  history  of 
the  late  Mr.  Dilke  having  purchased  Mr.  Joseph 
Haslewood  s  MbS.  for  SOI.  In  tbeAthenaum  article 
the  club  is  shewen  up,"  "finely  larded"  with 
sauce  01  its  own  preparing. 

Messrs.  A.  Maurice  &  Co.  have  a  good  list  of  mis- 
cellaneous subjects.  Under  Bibliography  we  find 
Rouveyre  s  '  Connaissances  Necessaires  a  un  Biblio- 
phile, 10  vols.  8vo,  half-crimson  morocco  at  the 
low  price  of  ol.  5s.  Herne's  account  of  the  Char- 
terhouse 16/7,  is  21s.  There  are  extra-illustrated 
copies  of  Peter  Cunningham's' Nell  Gwynn  '  10Z  10s- 
Doran  s  'Annals  of  the  English  Stage,'  30J.  ;  'The' 
Public  and  Private  Life  of  Mrs.  Jordan,'  &.  6s.  ; 
lorn  laylors  Leicester  Square,' 8/  8s  •  Forster's 
'  Life  of  Goldsmith,'  10^.  10?.  ;  and  there  is  an  in- 
teresting souvenir  of  Dickens,  being  a  copy  of  '  Bar- 
naby  Rudge  bound  with  wood  cut  from  one  of  the 
oak  beams  over  the  main  gateway  of  old  Newgate. 
,.  Mr;.  A-  Russell  Smith  has  a  catalogue  of  old  Eng- 
lish literature  of  the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth 
centuries.  In  it  we  find  a  complete  copy  of  Bacon's 
1  he  Historic  of  Life  and  Death,'  original  calf,  1638, 
6/.  6s.  ;  Hall  s  Downfall  of  May  Games,'  1661,  31.  3s  • 
;-Jietl7°oes  'TheEnKlishMirror.'4to,  black-letter, 
Jo8b,  81.8s.  ;  Venetian  Engravings,'  Venetia,  1614, 
211.  ;  and  one  of  the  earliest  manuals  of  Church 
music,  Compendium  Musices,'  Venet  L  de- 


420 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        cio*  s.  i.  MAY  21, 


Giunta,  1573,  121.  12s.  Under  Song-Books  there  is 
'The  Bottle  Companions,'  1710,  51.  5s.  Mr.  Smith 
has  been  able  to  trace  only  one  perfect  copy  besides 
this,  and  that  is  in  the  British  Museum. 

Messrs.  W.  H.  Smith  &  Son's  May  catalogue  is 
full  of  works  in  all  branches  of  general  literature, 
and  has  also  some  valuable  new  remainders. 

Messrs.  Sotherau's  catalogue  dated  the  7th  inst. 
opens  with  four  fine  early  manuscripts  on  vellum. 
These  are  followed  by  a  complete  copy  of  the 
first  Polyglot  Bible,  6  vols.  folio,  1514-17,  1251.  Sir 
John  Thorold's  copy  sold  for  176?.,  Beresford 
Hope's,  1601.,  and  the  Sunderland,  195/.  The  1679 
edition  of  Beaumont  and  Fletcher  is  101.  10s. ;  a  fine 
and  uniform  set  of  Bewick,  1797-1820,  11.  10s.  ;  also 
the  memorial  edition,  limited  to  750  copies,  61.  6s.  ; 
Blake's  '  Songs  of  Innocence '  (privately  printed, 
1876),  4?.  10s.  ;  Milman's  'History  of  Christianity,' 
1840-54,  Ql.  9s.  (this  copy  belonged  to  Henry  Buckle, 
and  contains  110  pages  of  his  MS.  notes  bound  in) ; 
the  rare  first  edition  of  Bunyan's  '  Holy  War,'  1682, 
4£.  10s.  ;  Claude  le  Lorrain,  '  Liber  Veritatis '  ;  300 
prints  by  Richard  Earlom  in  the  collections  of  the 
Duke  of  Devonshire,  the  British  Museum,  &c., 
Boydell,  1777-1819,  81.  10s.  :  Dickens's  '  Oliver 
Twist,'  including  the  rare  'Fireside'  plate,  1838, 
very  scarce,  31.  3s.  ;  also  'Joseph  Grimaldi,'  1838, 
1'2l.  12s.  ;  one  of  the  four  sets,  printed  throughout 
on  vellum,  of  the  '  Dramatists  of  the  Reformation,' 
large-paper  size,  14  vols.,  1872-9,  601.  ;  Griffiths's 
'  Paintings  of  Buddhist  Cave  Temples,'  11.  10s.  ; 
several  interesting  items  under  Junius,  including 
the  first  authorized  edition  (Henry  Sampson  Wood- 
fall,  1772).  There  is  a  choice  copy  of  Lysons's 
'  Magna  Britannia,'  1813  -  22,  601.  ;  a  set  of  the 
Microscopical  Society,  1853-92,  16/.  16s.  :  and  a  very 
fine  copy  of  Motley's  '  Historical  Works,'  first 
editions,  very  scarce.  Not  the  least  interesting 
item  is  a  reprint  of  '  The  Manners  and  Customs  of 
the  French,'  being  a  facsimile  of  the  rare  edition 
published  by  Thomas  Sotheran  in  1815.  When 
reviewing  this  book  we  mentioned  that  Mr.  Henry 
Sotheran  remembers  hearing  his  father  say  of  the 
illustrations,  which  are  in  the  Rowlandson  style, 
"  that  they  were  by  one  Benjamin  Rotch,  a  Middle- 
sex magistrate/'  and  it  was  suggested  "  that  the 
mystery  may  yet  be  threshed  out  in  the  pages 
of  •  N.  &  Q.' " 

Mr.  Albert  Sutton,  of  Manchester,  has  a  selection 
from  the  library  of  Mr.  Edward  Hibbert.  There  is 
a  copy  of  Grose  and  Astle's  '  Antiquarian  Reper- 
tory,' 1807-9,  81.  3s. ;  Burton's  'Arabian  Nights,' 
12  vols.,  81.  10s.;  Britton  and  Brayley's  'England 
and  Wales,'  1801-23,  31.  7s.  6d.  ;  and  a  fine  set  of  the 
Powys-Land  Club,  1868-98,  201.  There  are  interest- 
ing works  under  Military,  including  Costume. 
There  is  an  extra-illustrated  copy  of  Dowden's 
'  Life  of  Shelley,'  the  two  volumes  being  extended 
to  four  by  the  insertion  of  two  hundred  finely 
engraved  portraits  and  views.  Mr.  Sutton  has 
purchased  the  Manchester  reprint  of  Dickens's 
'  Sunday  under  Three  Heads,'  and  offers  the  12mo 
edition  for  6d.  a  copy  and  the  small  4to  at  Is. 

Mr.  Thomas  Thorp,  of  St.  Martin's  Lane,  has, 
like  Mr.  Dobell,  in  his  May  catalogue  a  number 
of  books  from  Mr.  Henley's  library ;  also  a  valu- 
able collection  of  book-plates,  101.  10s.;  'Bent- 
ley's  Miscellany,'  1837-61, 11.  Is.  ;  a  first  edition  of 
Miss  Burney's  'Camilla,'  1796,  4:1.  10s.  ;  a  collection 
of  19  vols.  of  '  Illustrated  Books  of  the  Sixties,' 


<U.  17s.  6d.  Under  London,  as  well  as  under  Ire- 
land, are  many  works  to  select  from.  Among  the 
former  we  find  a  collection  of  350  coats  of  arms  of 
citizens,  17 — ;  Jesse's  '  Literary  and  Historical 
Memorials,'  first  edition,  1847;  'Old  London  Song 
Sheets,'  Seven  Dials ;  Stow's  '  Survey,'  John 
Forster's  copy,  with  his  book-plate.  There  is  an 
uncut  copy  of  Rawlinson's  'Oriental  Monarchies,' 
81.  15s.,  and  a  first  edition  of  Carlyle's  '  French 
Revolution,'  1837,  81.  8s.  A  large  number  of  recent 
books  are  included  at  second-hand  prices. 

Recent  purchases  of  Mr.  George  Winter,  of 
Charing  Cross  Road,  include  a  good  general  collec- 
tion of  modern  literature,  and  under  Engravings 
is  to  be  found  an  interesting  selection  of  portraits 
and  illustrations. 

In  the  May  catalogue  of  Messrs.  Henry  Young  & 
Sons,  of  Liverpool,  we  find  Moryson's  '  Itinerary,' 
1617,  11.  Is. ;  and  Hanno,  first  edition,  1559,  11.  10s. 
Under  Blake  occur  '  There  is  no  Natural  Religion, 
1886,  scarce,30s. ;  Swinburne's  'Critical  Essay,'  1868, 
also  scarce,  21.  2s.  ;  Gilchrist's  '  Life,'  and  many 
others.  There  is  a  remarkable  collection  of  old 
herbals,  including  Dodoens's,  1578,  181.  18s.  This  is 
the  second  English  herbal  published.  The  catalogue 
is  rich  in  Rowlandsons  and  Cruikshanks.  Under 
French  engravings  wefind  Boccace,  "  Le  Decameron, 
traduit  par  A.  Le  Ma9on,"  211.,  1757-61.  Lady 
Dilke,  in  her  work  on  the  '  French  Engravers  of  the 
Eighteenth  Century,'  justly  styles  it  the  "famous 
Boccaccio,  enlivened  with  brilliant  vignettes  of 
delightful  baby  groups,  who  mimic  every  shade 
of  human  conduct."  There  is  a  large-paper  copy 
of  Houbraken  and  Vertue's  '  Heads  of  Illustrious 
Persons,'  1747-51,  151.  15s.  :  also  Granger's  '  Bio- 
graphical History,'  1804-22,  9/.  9s.  Under  Mezzo- 
tints we  find  '  The  Life  and  Works  of  John  Raphael 
Smith,'  1902,  311.  10s. ;  only  350  sets  were  issued. 
Under  Napoleon  there  is  much  of  interest ;  and 
Messrs.  Young  include  their  usual  bargains  to  book 
collectors. 

Utotim  10  €ontKgonl3mtst 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "Duplicate." 

CHB.  WATSON. — In  sending  future  replies  please 
add  the  reference  to  the  pages  on  which  the  queries 
occur. 

F.  HITCHIN-KEMP.— We  are  glad  to  be  able  to 
say  that  COL.  PRIDEAUX  is  still  contributing  to 
'  N.  &  Q.'  See  p.  411. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "  The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'" — Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
lisher " — at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  B.C. 


io*  s.  i.  MAY  si,  loot]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


BOOKSELLERS'    CATALOGUES    (MAY). 

(Continued  from  Second  Advertisement  Page  ) 


A.  RUSSELL  SMITH, 

24,  GREAT  WINDMILL  STREET,  LONDON,  W. 
(Close  to  Piccadilly  Circus). 

OLD  ENGLISH    LITERATURE, 

TOPOGRAPHY,  GENEALOGY,    TRACTS,   PAM- 
PHLETS, and  OLD  BOOKS  on  many  Subjects. 

ENGRAVED  PORTRAITS  AND  COUNTY 
ENGRAVINGS. 

CATALOGUES  post  free. 


LEIGHTON'S 

CATALOGUE  OF  EARLY  PRINTED  AND 
OTHER  INTERESTING  BOOKS,  MANU- 
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Part  VI.,  containing  N— Q,  with  about  150  Illustrations, 

price  2s.  (now  ready). 
Part  I.,  containing  A— B,  with  120  Illustrations,  price  4s. 

Part  II.,  C,  with  220  Illustrations,  price  St. 

Parts  III.— V.,  D— M,  with  380  Illustrations  in  Facsimile, 

price  2s.  each. 

J.    &    J.    LEIGHTON, 

40,  BREWER  STREET,  GOLDEN  SQUARE,  W. 


A.    MAURICE    &    CO., 

Ancient  and  Modern  Booksellers  and 

Printsellers, 
23,  BEDFORD  STREET,  STRAND,  LONDON. 

MONTHLY  CATALOGUES  of  Fine  Books 
and  Engravings  post  free  on  application. 

The  following  just  published  :— Nos.  138-UO-145,  New 
Series.  Finely  ENGRAVED  PORTRAITS,  including  many 
Mezzotints,  LONDON  ENGRAVINGS,  SPORTING,  4c. 
Nos.  139-143-148-147.  BXTRA-ILLUSTRATED  BOOKS, 
Standard  Books  in  fine  Bindings,  FRENCH  MEMOIRS, 
DRAMA,  TRAVELS,  and  many  out-of-the-way  items. 

BOOKS  BOUGHT  FOR  CASH, 

From  a  Library  to  a  Single  Volume. 


BERTRAM    DOBELL, 

Ancient  and  Modern  Bookseller, 

54  and  77,  Charing  Cross  Road,  London,  W.C. 

CATALOGUES  issued  Monthly.     Post  free 
to  Bookbuyers. 

Mr.  Bertram  Dobell  has  always  on  hand  a  large 
and  varied  stock  of  interesting  books,  including 
First  Editions  of  Ancient  and  Modern  Authors, 
Old  English  Books,  Americana.  First  Editions  of 
Works  in  all  branches  of  Literature. 


CATALOGU  E 

OP 

SECOND-HAND  BOOKS, 

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ORIENTAL  LITERATURE. 

DEIGHTON,    BELL    &    CO., 

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CLEARANCE  CATALOGUE  OF 
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INCLUDING  MANY  SCARCE  AND  DESIRABLE. 

ALSO — 

CATALOGUE  OF  OLD  FANCY  PRINTS 
OF  THE  ENGLISH  SCHOOL, 

IN  COLOURS,  STIPPLE,  AND  MEZZOTINT. 
EITHER  OF  THE  ABOVE  SENT  POST  FREE. 

E.    PARSONS    &    SONS, 

45,  BROMPTON  ROAD,  LONDON,  S.W. 


ALBERT     SUTTON, 

43,  Bridge  Street,  MANCHESTER. 

THE   FOLLOWING    CATALOGUES    SENT 

FREE  ON  APPLICATION:— 
SPORTING  BOOKS. 
BOOKS  of  the  "SIXTIES." 
SHAKESPEARE  and  the  DRAMA. 
MISCELLANEOUS  LITERATURE. 

BOOKS  AND    LIBRARIES    PURCHASED. 

Established  1848. 


Just  published. 

LIST  of  CHOICE  BOOKS,  English  and  Foreign, 
in  various  Departments  of  Literature,  ON  SALE  by 

A.    OWEN    &  CO., 

English  and  Foreign  Booksellers  and  Publishers, 
286,  HIGH  HOLBORN,  LONDON,  W.C.  Sent  post 
free  on  application.  Messrs.  A.  OWEN  &  CO., 
having  their  own  Agents  in  all  the  great  centres  of 
Europe,  are  able  to  find  rare  Out-of-print  Books  at 
the  shortest  notice  and  at  very  moderate  prices. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         cio»  s.  i.  MAY  21, 1904 

SMITH,    ELDER    &   CO.'S   PUBLICATIONS. 


W.    M.    THACKERAY'S   WORKS. 

"  I  do  not  hesitate  to  name  Thackeray  first.  His  knowledge  of  human  nature  was  supreme,  and  his 
characters  stand  out  as  human  beings  with  a  force  and  a  truth  which  has  not,  I  thinlt,  been  within  tha 
reach  of  any  other  English  novelist  in  any  psriod." — ANTHONY  TROLLOPS  on  English  Novelists  in  his 
Autobiography. 

THE    BIOGRAPHICAL    EDITION. 

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This  KTew  and  Bevised  Edition  comprises  Additional  Material  and  hitherto  Unpublished  Letters, 
Sketches,  and  Drawings,  derived  from  the  Author's  Original  MSS.  #nd  Note -Books;  and  each 
Volume  includes  a  Memoir  in  the  form  of  an  Introduction  by  Mrs.  Bichmond  Bitchie. 

V  Also  the  "LIBRARY,"  "CHEAPER  ILLUSTRATED,"  and  "POCKET"  Editions  of  THACKERAY'S  WORKS. 


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THE   LATE    MATTHEW  ARNOLD. 
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LIFE  of  HENRY  FAWCETT.     With 

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The  SCIENCE  of  ETHICS:  an  Essay 

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NOTES    AND    QUERIES: 

%  UleMum  oC  iuUrcommnnication 

FOE 

LITERARY    MEN,    GENERAL    READERS,    ETC. 

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10*8. 1.  MAY  28,  1904.]  NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


421 


LONDON,  SATUEDAY,  MAY  SS,  190l>. 


CONTENTS. -No.  22. 

JIOTES  -.—The  Certosa  of  Pavia,  421— The  Fleetwoods  and 
Milton's  Cottage,  422  —  Shakespeariaua,  424— "Pearl  "— 
.Sherlock— Crucifixion  Folk-lore,  426. 

QUERIES  :— The  First  Wife  of  Warren  Hastings,  426  — 
Documents  in  Secret  Drawers  —  Madame  du  Tencin  — 
Wyrley's  Derbyshire  Church  Notes  —  Consumption  not 
Hereditary — Murray  Baronetcy — A  Phrase  :  What  is  It  ? — 
Baxter's  Oil  Painting — Masonic  Portrait  of  Lord  Chatham, 
427— The  Western  Rebels  and  the  Rev.  John  Moreman— 
Authors  Wanted — Gaboriau's  '  Marquis  d'Angival' — Name 
Jesus  —  Thomas  Farmer  —  Blin  —  Bellinger— '  The  Yong 
Souldier,'  428. 

HEPLIES  :—"  Ashes  to  ashes,"  429  — Birth -Marks,  430  — 
Dickens  Queries  —  "Sal  et  saliva,"  431— "As  the  crow 
flies  "— Stoyle— Ainoo  and  Baskish,  432— Admiral  Greig— 
"  I  expect  to  pass  through  " — Authors  of  Quotations — 
Pamela,  433— William  Peck — '  Recommended  to  Mercy'— 
Potts  Family—'  Ancient  Orders  of  Gray's  Inn  ' — "  Barrar," 
434— Dryden  Portraits— The  Sun  and  its  Orbit— Football 
on  Shrove  Tuesday,  435— Printing  in  the  Channel  Islands 
— "  Tugs,"  Wykehamical  Notion— '  The  Creevey  Papers' 
— The  Syer-Cuming  Collection  —  The  Armstrong  Gun — 
"The  run  of  his  teeth"— The  Cope,  436— Battlefield  Say- 
ings—Bass Rock  Music  —  Latin  Quotations— Last  of  the 
War  Bow,  437. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— Hakluyt's  'Principal  Navigations' 
—  Alry's  'Charles  II.'  — 'Great  Masters '  —  ' England's 
Elizabeth' — 'The  Cattle-Raid  of  Cualnge '  —  Macray's 
'  Register  of  St.  Mary  Magdalen '  —  '  The  Reliquary  — 
'  The  Rutland  Magazine.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


THE    CERTOSA    OF    PAVIA. 

THE  little  museum  near  the  old  pharmacy 
of  the  Certosa  of  Pavia  has  been  lately 
enriched  by  a  large  and  faithful  copy  (executed 
by  Carlo  Cam  pi,  of  Milan)  of  the  original 
altar  which  belonged  to  that  church  about 
the  end  of  the  fourteenth  century,  and  the 
existence  of  which,  together  with  that  of  the 
four  columns  of  its  pyx,  was  only  discovered 
in  1894  in  the  parish  church  of  Carpiano,  a 
small  village  lying  between  Locate  and 
Melegnano.  It  was  removed  there  by  the 
Carthusian  monks  themselves  in  1567,  and 
I  am  rdeaaed  to  place  before  readers  of 
'  N.  &  Q.'  some  notices  relating  to  such  an 
important  masterpiece,  and  supplementing 
the  sketch  by  the  late  Eugene  Miintz  in  the 
Chronique  des  Arts  of  15  December,  1899, 
and  the  'Cicerone'  of  Burckhardt,  eighth 
edition,  i.  400d. 

This  altar,  a  fine  sculptured  work  of  the 
fourteenth  century,  in  the  style  of  Giovanni 
da  Campione,  which  has  been  at  Carpiano 
since  1567,  I  was  led  to  recognize  in  March, 
1894,  as  the  original  high  altar  of  the  Certosa 
of  Pavia  on  account  of  its  dimensions  and 
its  extraordinary  artistic  importance,  and 


especially  on  account  of  the  sculptured 
figures  in  honour  of  the  Virgin,  taken  from 
the  apocryphal  Gospels  —  figures  agreeing 
perfectly  in  style  with  those  in  the  ivory 
triptych  which  stood  upon  the  said  altar, 
and  remained  in  the  possession  of  the  Certosa. 
The  four  wreathed  columns  in  Gandoglia 
marble,  which  belonged  to  the  destroyed  pyx 
of  the  altar,  are  now  to  be  seen  in  the 
pronaos  of  the  church  of  Carpiano.  A 
portrait  of  Caterina  Visconti,  foundress  of 
the  famous  monastery,  has  been  sculptured 
in  one  of  the  bas-reliefs. 

The  prebend  of  the  parish  of  Carpiano  was 
given  by  Leo  X.,  by  his  letter  of  20  April, 
1518,  to  the  Carthusians  of  the  Certosa  of 
Pavia,  who  owned  property  at  Carpiano, 
with  the  obligation  of  maintaining  the 
regular  or  secular  priest,  and  of  providing 
the  humble  church  of  the  borough,  dedicated 
to  S.  Martino,  with  the  things  necessary  for 
divine  service. 

That  duty  was  fulfilled  by  the  monks  in 
1567,  on  the  occasion  of  a  complete  restora- 
tion executed  by  the  care  of  the  fourth 
Carthusian  priest,  Giovan  Battista  Verano, 
who  removed  to  Carpiano  the  high  altar  of 
the  mother  church,  together  with  other  pieces 
of  marble,  as  appears  on  the  little  grave- 
stone which  was  discovered  on  1  October, 
1896,  in  the  interior  of  the  altar,  with  the 
name  of  the  above-mentioned  priest  and  the 
date  1567. 

The  sculptures,  admirable  for  their  in- 
genuousness and  exquisite  sentiment,  appear 
to  be  of  the  Campionese  school,  and  they 
have  already  begun  to  be  studied  by  the  aid 
of  some  notes  made  in  1396  in  the  ledger  of 
the  Carthusian  monastery  at  Pavia. 

But  what  is  most  imposing  is  the  monu- 
ment itself,  which  possesses  much  artistic 
interest ;  and  though  this  remarkable  work 
was  begun  about  1396,  at  the  same  period  as 
the  ivory  triptych,  it  was  not  consecrated 
with  the  church  till  the  year  1497  by  the 
Cardinal  Carvajal,  on  account  of  the  long 
interruptions  in  the  work  of  building.  The 
ceremony  included  the  deposition  in  the 
altar  of  seven  relics  for  worship. 

The  fact  that  the  removal  of  this  altar  to 
Carpiano  took  place  in  1567  confirms  what 
has  been  recently  ascertained— namely,  that 
the  richer  high  altar,  which  is  now  to  be  seen 
at  the  end  of  the  central  apse,  was  begun 
only  in  that  year,  and  not  earlier,  as  was  at 
first  supposed,  and  that  during  its  consecra- 
tion— performed  nine  years  after  (1576)  by 
Don  Angelo  Peruzzi,  Bishop  of  Cesarea— the 
seven  relics  of  the  primitive  altar  of  1396 
(now  to  be  seen  at  Carpiano)  were  placed 


422 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  MAY  28,  im 


there,  as   appears   on  an  epigraph  of   the 
Carthusian  monastery. 

The  Communion  table  lies  upon  a  four- 
faced  plinth  (pallium),  2  metres  long,  1  '27  broad, 
and  1  metre  high,  and  is  formed  of  seven 
Carrara  marble  slabs,  in  which  are  sculptured 
eight  bas-reliefs  depicting  events  in  the  life 
of  St.  Anne  and  the  Virgin.  Two  slabs  (one 
with  the  first  two  bas-reliefs,  and  the  other 
with  the  third)  form  the  front ;  three  slabs, 
with  a  bas-relief  on  each,  face  the  apse  ;  and 
the  other  two  slabs  form  the  sides. 

The  subjects  represented  are  the  follow- 
ing :— 

In  the  front. — (1)  Joachim  chased  from  the 
Temple  for  the  sterility  of  his  marriage  with 
St.  Anne.  (2)  An  angel  announcing  to  St. 
Joachim  in  the  desert  that  God  will  grant 
him  a  son.  (3)  Meeting  of  St.  Joachim  and 
St.  Anne  at  the  Golden  Door  of  Jerusalem. 

At  the  right  side.— (4)  The  birth  of  the 
Virgin  Mary.  The  Duchess  Visconti  appears 
disguised  as  St.  Anne,  with  the  cap  and  the 
ducal  crown. 

In  the  rear. — (5)  Mary  presented  in  the 
Temple.  (6)  The  wedding  of  Mary  and 
Joseph.  (7)  The  death  of  Mary  among  the 
Apostles. 

At  the  left  side.— (8)  The  crowning  of 
Mary  among  the  celestial  band  by  the  Saviour. 

May  this  magnificent  masterpiece  of  the 
fourteenth  century  speak  to  the  numerous 
connoisseurs  of  fine  arts,  not  only  of  the 
recently  restored  church  of  Carpiano,  where 
the  precious  work  is  preserved,  but  of  the 
very  Pantheon  of  Lombard  sculpture — that 
is,  the  Certosa  of  Pa  via,  whence  it  has  come 
— and  as  a  brilliant  gem  of  the  national 
artistic  patrimony  ! 

(Dr.)  DIEGO  SANT'  AMBROGIO. 

Milan. 

THE  FLEETWOODS  AND  MILTON'S 

COTTAGE. 
(See  9th  S.  ix.  261.) 

A  FURTHER  study  of  a  number  of  Fleetwood 
wills  enables  me  to  add  considerably  to  the 
results  recorded  in  my  previous  communica- 
tion regarding  the  family  of  George  Fleet- 
wood,  the  regicide. 

John  Fleetwood,  of  Chalfont  St.  Giles, 
co.  Bucks,  died  intestate,  and  administration 
was  granted  to  his  sister  Anne  Fleetwood, 
10  March,  1669/70  (P.C.C.  Penn). 

Anne  Fleetwood,  "  eldest  daughter  of  Mr. 
George  ffleetwood,  late  of  the  Vach,"  co. 
Bucks,  spinster,  made  her  will  18  April,  1674. 
The  will  was  proved  20  May,  1675  (P.C.C. 
Dycer,  fol.  45),  and  is  a  particularly  interest- 
ing document.  She  mentions  her  brother 


Robert,  and  sisters  Hester  and  Elizabeth,  a 
legacy  of  1001.  apiece  being  payable  to  the 
latter  two  at  twenty-five  or  marriage,  if  they 
marry  with  consent  of  mother  and  uncles- 
Sir  James  Smith  and  (Samuel  ?)  Cradock. 

She  leaves  a  life  interest  in  129?.,  now  in 
the  hands  of  Mr.  Matthew  Cradock,  to  her 
mother,  to  whom  she  also  bequeaths  101.  and 
a  ring  of  10s.  To  uncle  Mr.  David  Fleet- 
wood  likewise  101.  and  a  ring  of  10s. 

"  Alsqe  I  give  to  him  and  to  his  heires  for  ever  my 
house  with  all  the  Apurtenances  to  it  which  is  situate- 
in  the  Towne  of  Chalfont  St.  Giles,  and  is  now  in 
the  occupation  of  the  widow  Gosnald." 

To  her  aunt  Mrs.  Honoria  Cradock  she 
leaves  "  my  father's  little  picture  and  my 

brother's    picture my    mother's   wedding 

ring,"&c.  Several  relatives  of  the  Cradock, 
Clarke,  and  Cooper  families  are  mentioned, 
while  her  uncle  Samuel  Cradock,  of  Wick- 
hambrook,  co.  Suffolk,  is  residuary  legatee 
and  sole  executor. 

The  allusion  to  "  my  father's  little  picture >T 
renders  it  certain  that  we  have  here  the  will 
of  the  regicide's  daughter,  as  it  is  the 
miniature  now  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  G. 
Milner-Gibson-Cullum,  F.S.A.,  who  has  a 
complete  record  of  its  previous  ownership. 

The  trustees  of  Milton's  Cottage  at  Chal-" 
font  St.  Giles,  about  two  years  ago,  had  two- 
deeds  relating  to  the  cottage  presented  to 
them.  One  is  the  original  deed  of  sale  of  the 
house  by  David  Fleetwood  to  Thomas  Cock 
the  younger,  a  carpenter,  for  63/!.,  in  the  year 
1683.  It  mentions  John  and  Anne  as  being 
brother  and  sister,  and  further  states  that  in 
one  part  of  the  cottage  "  Elizabeth  Gosnold, 
widdowe,  now  dwelleth,"  so  there  can  be  no 
doubt  as  to  the  cottage  bequeathed  by  Anne 
Fleetwood  being  Milton's  cottage.  It  is  to  be 
hoped  that  both  deeds  will  eventually  be 
printed,  owing  to  their  great  interest  as- 
documents  relating  to  Milton's  residence  in 
Chalfont. 

The  Fleetwood  deed  is  of  much  importance 
in  connexion  with  the  regicide's  pedigree. 
The  '  Dictionary  of  National  Biography ' 
states  that  George  was  the  "  third  son  "  of 
Sir  George  Fleetwood,  of  the  Vache,  but 
among  the  eight  sons  of  Sir  George  there 
was  no  David.  MR.  PINK  has  drawn  atten- 
tion (9th  S.  ix.  430)  to  the  Inq.  p.m.  regard- 
ing Charles  Fleetwood,  who  died  28  May, 
1628  (Genealogist,  New  Series,  xviii.  129).' 
Three  children  are  mentioned  therein,  viz.r 
George  (who  must  have  been  born  about 
1622),  David,*  and  Catherine.  Turning  now 


*  David  is  an  unusual  name  in  the  Fleetwood 
family.  A  David  Fleetwood  appears  in  the  register* 


i.  MAY  28,  wo*.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


423' 


to  the  '  Visitation  of  London,  1633-5'  (Harl. 
Soc.  xvii.),  in  the  pedigree  of  Watkins, 
Aldgate  Ward,  we  find  Anne,  daughter  of 
Nicholas  and  Margery  Watkins,  married 
Charles  Fleetwood.  Though  not  shown  in  this 
pedigree,  Anne's  elder  brother,  Sir  David 
Watkins,  Knt.,  married  Honora  Fleetwood, 
Charles's  sister,  at  Chalfont  St.  Giles,  21  Jan., 
1629.  Sir  David  Watkins  died  25  Dec.,  1657, 
and  was  buried  at  Chalfont.  I  draw  atten- 
tion to  him  as  I  suggest  he  was  godfather 
to  Charles  Fleetwood's  second  son,  David. 
Charles  Fleetwood's  daughter,  Catherine, 
married  George  Clerke,  a  merchant  of 
London  ('Visitation  of  Warwickshire,  1682,' 
in  Misc.  Gen.  etHeraldica,  New  Series,  iv.  73). 
She  is  the  aunt  "Mrs.  Katherine  Clarke" 
mentioned  in  the  will  of  Anne  Fleetwood, 
the  regicide's  daughter.  ME.  PINK  says  she 
died  in  1678  (9th  S.  ix.  430). 

Let  us  revert  now  to  George  Fleetwood, 
the  regicide.  The  'Dictionary  of  National 
Biography'  quotes  the  Mercurius  Attlicus  of 
7  Dec.,  1643,  in  which  it  is  stated  that  young 
Fleetwood  of  the  Vach  had  raised  a  troop  of 
dragoons  for  the  Parliament;  and  again, 
towards  the  end  of  the  article,  his  plea  for 
mercy  after  his  trial  is  mentioned,  viz.,  his 
youth  when  he  signed  the  death  warrant. 

The  regicide  was  baptized  at  Chalfont  St. 
Giles,  15  Feb.,  1622.  I  have  gone  into  the 
question  of  his  "youth"  at  some  length,  as 
at  first  sight  it  seemed  doubtful  if  so  young 
a  man  could  take  so  prominent  a  part  in 
public  matters.  Men  matured  more  quickly 
in  the  olden  time,  e.g.,  Cardinal  Wolsey  had 
taken  the  degree  of  B.A.  at  fifteen,  while  two 
Fleetwoods  are  recorded  as  having  married 
at  fourteen  and  eighteen  respectively.  In 
'  Chalfont  St.  Giles,  Past  and  Present,'  p.  31, 
with  reference  to  the  regicide's  baptismal 
entry  in  the  registers,  it  is  stated  that  he  was 
the  son  of  Charles  Fleetwood. 

All  the  evidence  I  have  adduced  points  to 
an  error  in  the  pedigree,  and  leaves  no  doubt 
in  my  mind  that  George  was  not  the  son,  but 
the  grandson,  of  Sir  George  Fleetwood  of  the 
Vache.  The  '  Dictionary  of  National  Bio- 
graphy '  does  not  appear  to  be  certain  that 
his  elder  brothers  left  no  issue,  although 
accepting  the  statement  that  he  was  the  son 
of  Sir  George. 

The  will  of  Anne,  the  regicide's  daughter, 
discloses  the  fact  that  her  father  was  twice 
married,  as  she  could  not  leave  her  mother's 


of  Stratford-on-Avon,  as  father  of  Ann,  baptized 
9  Oct.,  1642,  and  Katherine,  baptized  17  March, 
1643  (Parish  Register  Society,  vol.  vi.).  The  same 
registers  record  the  baptism  of  a  John,  son  of 
William  Fleetwood,  26  July,  1640. 


wedding  -  ring  to  her  aunt  Mrs.  Honoria- 
Cradock,  were  her  own  mother  alive.  This- 
strengthens  Waters's  surmise,  quoted  in  my 
previous  article,  that  John  and  Anne  were- 
the  grandchildren  of  John  Oldfield. 

With  regard  to  the  regicide's  second 
marriage,  I  have  found  the  will  of  his  widow,. 
Hester  Fleetwood,  "of  Jordans  in  the  parish' 
of  Giles  Chalfont,  co.  Bucks,  widow,  of  a 
great  age,"  dated  11  August,  1712,  proved 
13  May,  1714  (P.C.C.  Aston,  94).  She  makes- 
bequests  to  her  grandsons  George  and  John, 
and  granddaughter  Anne,  and  daughter-in- 
law  Anne.  Other  relatives  are  mentioned. 
The  remainder  of  her  estate  is  left  to  her 
grandson  Robert  Fleetwood,  who  is  sole 
executor.  I  quote  the  following  extracts 
from  her  will : — 

'  Item,  unto  my  loving  friends  William  Russell) 
and  Bridgett  his  wife  (with  whom  I  have  long 
sojourned)  I  give  the  sum  of  Tenn  pounds  of  like- 
lawfull  money  as  an  acknowledgment  of  their  kind- 
ness to  me  and  a,  token  of  my  love  to  them " 

"item,  my  will  and  desire  is  that  my  Body  may 
be  laid  in  the  Burying  Ground  called  New  Jordons,. 
belonging  to  my  friends,  the  people  called 
Quakers " 

"Item,  unto  the  poor  of  the  Parish  of  Giles 
Chalfont  aforesaid  (in  which  I  have  long  lived,  and 
in  which  I  desire  to  be  buried)  fifty  shillings." 

The  witnesses  to  the  will  are  Tho.  Ellwood,. 
Mary  Baker,  and  Joseph  Dodd.  Ellwood,  of 
course,  would  be  Milton's  friend,  who  engaged 
the  cottage  in  Chalfont  for  him,  and  was  in 
prison  when  Milton  went  to  reside  there. 

Hester  Fleetwood  died  the  12th  mo.  9th 
day  (9  Feb.),  1713/14.  She  was  a  member  of 
Upperside  Monthly  Meeting,  and  was  buried 
at  Tring,  her  name  appearing  in  the  list  of 
members  of  the  Upperside  Meeting.  As  her 
executor  resided  in  London,  and  she  died 
at  a  time  when  communication  would  be 
difficult  owing  to  the  state  of  the  roads,  it  is 
possible  the  instructions  in  her  will  were  not 
known,  though  why  Tring  should  have  been 
chosen  for  the  interment,  instead  of  Jordans, . 
which  was  much  nearer,  is  certainly  curious. 

It  was  Hester  Fleetwood  who  petitioned  in 
1664  against  the  regicide's  proposed  deporta- 
tion to  Tangier,  where  food  was  so  dear  that 
she  would  be  unable  to  relieve  him.  She 
was  the  daughter  of  Robert  Smith,  of  Upton, 
co.  Essex,  barrister  -  at  -  law  (created  a 
baronet  30  March,  1665),  by  his  wife  Judith, 
daughter  of  Nicholas  Walmesley.  The  '  Visi- 
tation of  Essex,'  vol.  xiv.  p.  713,  of  the 
Harleian  Society,  does  not  give  all  the 
children  of  Robert  Smith,  but  Berry's  '  Essex 
Genealogies,'  pp-  34,  35,  is  fuller.  This 
pedigree  shows  that  his  daughter  Judith 
married  Thomas  Brand  (of  Moulsey,  co. 


424 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  L  MAY  28,  HOI. 


Surrey) ;  another  daughter,  Mary,  married 
Sir  Edward  Selwyn  (of  Friston,  co.  Sussex), 

Knt.  Both  the  pedigrees  cited  state  that 
Hester  Smith  married  R.  Fleetwood,  but  as 
she  mentions  sisters  Brand  and  Selwin  (sic) 
in  her  will,  they  are  evidently  incorrect. 

Betham's  Baronetage '  is  also  in  error,  as  it 
gives  the  husband's  name  as  Robert.  Inci- 
dentally, this  answers  the  query  in  9th  S.  ix. 
513 

I  now  come  to  the  will  of  Robert  Fleetwood, 
citizen  and  glass-seller,  of  London,  son  of  the 
regicide  and  Hester  Fleetwood  (Robert  the 
first,  of  my  first  paper).  In  his  will,  dated 
9  July,  and  proved  15  August,  1712  (P.C.C. 
Barnes,  153),  he  directs  that  he  is  to  be 
interred  in  the  parish  church  of  St.  Andrew 
Undershaft,  in  which  parish  he  was  living, 
or  in  the  vault  belonging  to  the  said  parish  ; 
the  will  likewise  mentions  that  the  house 
was  in  Lime  Street  Ward.  He  leaves  to  his 
honoured  mother  Hester  Fleetwood  101.  per 
annum,  "  according  to  obligation  I  am  under 
•for  that  purpose,"  and  requests  that,  should 
he  predecease  her,  she  would  be  pleased  to 
name  his  son  Robert  as  her  executor.  To 
his  eldest  son  George  he  leaves  two  shillings 
and  sixpence  "  and  no  more,  he  having 
already  had  a  full  Child's  part  and  more," 
and  been  an  expense  to  him.  To  his  son  and 
daughter  Cleaver  he  leaves  a  guinea  apiece 
for  a  ring,  his  daughter  having  already  had 
her  portion.  After  various  bequests  he  leaves 
the  residue  of  his  estate,  South  Sea  stock, 
goodwill  of  business,  &c.,  to  be  divided  into 
three  equal  parts,  for  his  wife  Anne  and  his 
sons  Robert  and  John.  He  wishes  Robert  to 
have  the  management  of  the  business,  and 
that  John  should  serve  the  full  term  of  his 
apprenticeship  with  his  brother.  The  exe- 
cutors are  his  wife  and  the  sons  Robert  and 
John,  with  Benjamin  Steward,  glass-seller, 
as  overseer  and  arbitrator  if  need  be. 

The  following  extracts  from  the  parish 
registers  relate  to  him  and  his  family  ;  a 
further  search  would  probably  disclose  other 
-entries  :  — 

Christenings. 

1720,  April  6.  John,  the  son  of  Robert  Fleetwood 
and  Jane  his  wife. 

1721,  April  25.  Charles,  ye  son  of  Robert  Fleet- 
wood  and  Jane  his  wife. 

Burials. 

1712,  Aug.  10.  Robert  Fleetwood. 
1721,  April  28.  Charles,  ye  son  of    Robert  and 
Jane  Fleetwood. 
1721,  Oct.  6.  Robert  Fleetwood. 

The  children  baptized  must  have  been  the 

grandchildren  of  Robert  who  died   in   1712. 
obert  Fleetwood  who  died  in  1721  was  in  all 
probability  the  father  of  the  children. 


Administration  of  the  estate  of  Jane 
Fleetwood,  late  of  West  Moulsey,  co. 
Surrey,  widow,  was  granted  to  her  son 
Robert  Fleetwood,  17  March,  1752  (P.C.C. 
Bettesworth),  but  I  cannot  state  positively 
that  she  was  the  widow  of  Robert  and 
mother  of  the  two  children  baptized  in  1720 
and  1721,  though  the  connexion  of  the  Brand 
family  also  with  Moulsey  can  hardly  be  a 
coincidence. 

With  regard  to  Hester  Fleetwood 's  con- 
nexion with  the  Quakers,  I  must  express  my 
obligation  to  Mr.  Norman  Penney  (of  the 
Friends'  Library  at  Devonshire  House, 
12,  Bishppsgate  Street  Without,  where  many 
interesting  Quaker  records  are  preserved), 
who  has  been  at  great  pains  to  verify  that 
she  was  a  member  of  that  body.  R.  W.  B. 


SHAKESPEARIANA. 

"  HORSE  "  (10th  S.  i.  342).— The  suggestion 
of  "  horse  "  for  "  horses  "  in  '  Macbeth,'  II. 
iv.  13,  would  slightly  improve  the  scansion  of 
the  line,  and  is  so  far  desirable  ;  but  in  face 
of  Shakespeare's  free  use  of  extra  syllables  in 
his  verse,  it  is  not  cogent  on  that  ground.  Is 
it,  then,  cogent  on  any  other?  Are  we  to 
understand  that  any  emendation  restoring 
"Anglo-Saxon"  or  "Middle  English"  forms 
to  Shakespeare  is  desirable?  Perhaps  not. 
We  are  asked  to  strike  out  the  s  in  the  I.e. 
"because  it  contradicts  Shakespeare's  usage 
in  many  other  passages."  Now  what  is 
Shakespeare's  usage?  PEOF.  SKEAT  admits 
that  the  form  "  horses "  is  found  in  Shake- 
speare. It  is.  Schmidt's  'Lexicon'  gives 
eleven  references,  "&c.,"  for  it.  For  "horse" 
as  plural  it  gives  eleven  only  (including  PKOF. 
SKEAT'S  ten).  Admitted  these  latter,  the 
poet's  usage  seems  to  prefer  the  dissyllabic 
plural.  But  I  propose  to  examine  the  eleven 
more  closely. 

Let  me  premise  that  while  Schmidt's 
'Lexicon'  as  a  work  of  reference  is  of  the 
highest  utility,  the  lexicographer's  dicta  on 
English  meanings  and  usage  are  not  to  be 
swallowed  uncritically ;  and  few  that  read 
his  inept  note  on  "  organ-pipe  "  ('  Temp.,'  III. 
iii.  98)  will  defer  to  his  taste. 

In  Sonnet  91  there  seems  to  me  not 
the  slightest  presumption  that  "horse"  is 
plural.  A  man  keeps  more  than  one  hawk, 
more  than  one  hound,  but  often  not  more 
than  one  horse. 

In  'Tarn.  Shr.,'  Induct.,  61,  the  same 
applies. 

'  1  Henry  VL,'  V.  v.  54,  proves  nothing  : 
in  a  category  of  things   they  need   not  be 
all    in    the    same    number  (e.g.,   "  Verbera, 
;arnifices,  robur,  pix,  lammina,  tsedse  "). 


io*s.  i.  MAY  as,  MM.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


425 


'2  Henry  VI.,'  V.  i.  52  (if  "horse"  is  the 
correct  reading),  proves  nothing  ;  to  my  mind 
one  horse  is  here  meant,  as  with  the  following 
word  (one)  armour.  Cf.  '2  Henry  IV.,'  IV. 
v.  30,  and  '  TVo  Noble  Kinsmen,'  III.  vi.  3. 
N.B.  Schmidt's  second  class  of  the  word 
"armour"  is  a  good  sample  of  vacuous 
profundity. 

'  1  Henry  VI.,'  I.  v.  31,  though  a  strong 
instance,  does  not  seem  to  me  decisive.  Cate- 
gories may  fluctuate  between  plural  and 
singular,  especially  when  "disjunctive." 

'  Ant.,'  III.  vii.  7,  is  enigmatical ;  but  I  see 
nothing  in  the  context  to  show  that  horse  is 
not  singular.  I  suspect  a  play  on  words,  with 
allusion  to  the  fact  that  one  horse  may 
"serve"  several  mares. 

In  '  Macbeth,'  IV.  i.  140,  "horse  "  is  surely 
used  in  the  "  military "  sense  (implying  the 
mounts),  as  in  "  The  king  to  Oxford  sent  a 
troop  of  horse,"  "  A  cornet  of  horse,"  &c.  Of 
this  use  Schmidt  quotes  sixteen  instances 
from  Shakespeare ;  I  have  not  examined 
them. 

This  specialized  use  as  a  collective  noun  is 
natural  enough  (cf.  17  tWos  in  Greek).  It 
naturally,  too,  belongs  to  any  collection  of  the 
animals  that  can  be  viewed  as  a  unit — for 
example,  "team  of  horse"  in  'T.  G.V.,'IIL 
i.  265.  In  '  T.  A.,'  II.  ii.  18,  'Ant.,'  III.  vi. 
45,  and  '  3  Henry  VI.,'  IV.  v.  12,  this  "  mili- 
tary "  sense  appears  ;  the  second,  however,  is 
rather  bolder  than  the  others. 

To  conclude,  then,  in  only  two  instances 
at  most,  of  the  eleven,  do  I  find  even  a  primd 
facie  case  for  considering  "  horse  "  as  a  plural. 

If  we  are  to  purchase  smoothness  of  scansion 
(by  no  means  one  of  Shakespeare's  fetiches) 
by  reading  "horse"  in  'Macbeth,'  II.  iv.  13,  I 
maintain  that  we  should  go  further,  and  read 

"  minion  of  his  race his  stall he  would 

make he  eat  himself he  did  so."  Or 

else  we  must  take  "  horse  "  in  the  "  military  " 
sense,  and  retain  the  plurals.  The  omen  will 
then  be  even  more  impressive.  Of  course 
I  do  not  deny  that  a  singular  form  (especially 
with  numeral  or  quantitative  adjective  pre- 
fixed) is  often  used  as  a  "  collective,"  or  that 
Shakespeare  may  have  used  it  so  in  some  of 
the  passages ;  but  I  may  not  believe,  short 
of  an  undoubted  instance,  that  he  ever  con- 
sciously used  "horse"  as  a  plural  form,  to 
indicate  several  distinct  units  ;  still  less  can 
I  assent  to  an  emendation  introducing  such 
an  instance.  Rather  would  I  hold  it  more 
reasonable  to  emend  all  the  monosyllabic 
"  plurals "  into  dissyllabic,  where  metre 
allowed.  H.  K.  ST.  J.  S. 

Shakspeare  also  uses  the  plural  horses,  as 
in  the  verse  of  Hotspur  : — 


Hath  Butler  brought  these  horses  from  the  sheriff? 

And  in  the  line, 

And  Duncan's  horses  (a  thing  most  strange  and 

certain), 

the  third  foot  is  an  anapsest.    An  additional 
syllable,  making  one  of  the  feet  an  anapaest 
or  a  dactyl,  is  common  in  the  blank  verse  of 
Shakspeare  and  of  other  great  poets  : — 
These  vi  |  olent  |  delights  |  have  vi  |  olent  ends. 
'  Romeo  and  Juliet. 

Ominous  |  conjee  |  tiire  on  |  the  whole  |  success 
A  pill  |  ar  of  state  |  deep  on  |  his  front  |  engraven. 

'  Paradise  Lost.' 

Now  lies  |  the  earth  |  all  Dan  |  ae  to  |  the  stars. 
Tennyson's  '  Princess. 

Hundreds  of  examples  might  be  given.  No 
alteration  of  Shakspeare's  line  in 'Macbeth' 
is,  I  think,  necessary.  E.  YARDLEY. 

"  COMRADE,"  '  HAMLET,'!,  iii.  65.— I  forward 
a  conjecture  of  my  own,  with  which  I  have 
not  elsewhere  met,  on  'Hamlet,'  I.  iii.  65, 
ed.  Dowden,  in  "Arden"  Series  (I.  iii.  64, 65, 
Globe  ed.)  :— 

Do  not  dull  thy  palm  with  entertainment 
Of  each  new-hatch'd  unfledg'd  comrade, 
where  comrade  (cf.  for  accentuation  '1  Hen.  IV.' 
IV.  i.)  is  the  reading  of  the  First  Folio. 
Now  Q.  1  and  others  read  courage,  which  is 
explained  somewhat  awkwardly  as  equiva- 
lent to  bravery  used  in  the  concrete  sense  of 
"a  gallant."  Bravery  itself  is  common 
enough  in  this  sense,  but  with  a  slightly 
different  connotation  from  that  of  courage, 
not  necessarily  implying  any  valorous  or 
manly  qualities,  but  referring  in  many  cases 
solely  to  splendour  of  apparel.  Moreover, 
the  'N.E.D.'  gives  only  two  examples  of 
courage  used  in  this  concrete  sense.  I  pro- 
pose, therefore,  to  read  in  this  line  in  the 
Quartos  (I  do  not  wish  to  alter  the  Folio, 
for  reasons  that  will  appear  later)  comrdgue. 
This  word  is  usually  accented  on  the  second 
syllable,  and  is  equivalent  in  meaning  to 
comrade,  as  the  following  passages  show : 
Webster,  '  Appius  and  Virginia,'  IV.  ii.  :— 
1st  Soldier  [addressing  2nd  Sold.}.  Comrdgue,  I 

fear 
Appius  will  doom  us  to  Actseon's  death. 

Here  Dyce  notes  the  occurrence  of  the  word 
in  Hey  wood  and  Brome's  'Lancashire 
Witches'  (1634,  sig.  K) :  "Nay,  rest  by  me^ 
Good  Morglay,  my  comrdgue  and  bed-fellow. 
He  mentions  that  he  had  noted  other 
instances,  which  he  had  then  mislaid.  This 
comrdgue,  being  a  comparatively  unfamiliar 
word,  was  probably  corrupted  in  the  Quartos 
to  courage  ;  and  even  if  we  suppose  the  First 
Quarto  to  represent  an  imperfect  copy, 
taken  down  by  ear,  the  words  courage  and 


426 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  MAY  %,  IDOL 


c  oirdgue  sound  alike,  and  in  writing  or 
printing  it  is  quite  easy  to  confuse  tn  or  n 
with  u.  In  the  First  Folio  many  words  which 
were  thought  obsolete  or  unfamiliar  were 
altered  deliberately  by  the  editors,  and  even  if 
they  knew  of  the  reading  comrdgue,  it  seems 
probable  that  they  would  have  changed  it  to 
the  well-known  comrade.  This  word  com- 
rdgue,  as  it  seems  to  me,  explains  the  -g-  of 
the  Quartos,  and  the  -in-,  and  connects  the 
earlier  editions  with  the  Folio  of  1623. 

CYRIL  BRETT. 
Wadham  College,  Oxford. 

"  PEARL." — As  Dr.  Murray  will  soon  have 
to  consider  this  word,  I  venture  to  draw 
attention  to  an  etymology  of  it  which  seems 
worth  attention.  Diez  derives  it  from  *pirola, 
not  found,  a  little  pear  ;  Korting  gives  *p«r- 
nula,  not  found,  a  dimin.  of  L.  perna.  Neither 
is  satisfactory. 

But  Moisy,  in  his  '  Norman  Dialect  Dic- 
tionary,' tells  us  that  in  Normandy  the  form 
is  perne,  which  comes  straight  from  the 
L.  perna  without  any  trouble  at  all. 

Again,  Mistral,  in  his  '  Prov.  Diet.,'  says 
that  the  Prov.  perlo  is  perno  in  the  Limousin 
dialect. 

It  seems  to  follow  that  either  perle  was 
turned  into  perne,  or  perne  was  turned  into 
perle.  It  is  just  as  likely  that  the  dialect 
forms  are  original  as  those  of  the  standard 
languages.  The  latter  change  gives  an 
obvious  etymology,  and  the  former  change 
gives  none. 

Moisy  has  a  remark  that  is  worth  atten- 
tion. He  says  the  Normans  got  their  pearls 
from  the  Sicilies,  which  they  had  conquered  ; 
and  he  actually  quotes  a  Latin  edict  of 
Frederic,  King  of  Sicily,  in  which  pernis 
certainly  seems  to  mean  "  pearls."  See 
Pernce  in  Ducange.  I  see  no  reason  for  coin- 
ing a  diminutive  pernula,  when  perna  itself 
will  do.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

SHERLOCK.  —  According  to  the  'D.N.B.,' 
lii.  95,  Dr.  William  Sherlock,  Dean  of 
St.  Paul's,  was  born  in  Southwark  about 
1641.  In  a  deed  of  1684,  relating  to  the 
manor  of  Paris  Garden,  in  the  parish  of 
St.  Saviour's,  Southwark,  mention  is  made 
of  nine  acres  of  pasture  ground,  part  of  which 
was  used  as  a  whiting-ground,  and  had  been 
in  the  occupation  of  William  Sherlock, 
whitster.  W.  C.  B. 

CRUCIFIXION  FOLK-LORE.  —  In  '  The  First 
Annual  Report  of  the  Committee  of  Manage- 
ment of  the  Glasgow  Sabbath  Evening 
School  Youths'  Union,'  Glasgow,  1818,  there 
is  a  curious  piece  of  information  on  this 


subject  which  is  worth  recording.  The  report 
contains  extracts  from  the  journals  of 
district  visitors,  such  as  are  generally  given 
in  missionary  reports.  One  of  these  records 
(p.  33)  an  interview  with  a  Highland  family. 
Part  of  the  conversation,  which  apparently 
was  carried  on  in  Gaelic,  was  as  follows  :  — 

"  H.  [the  husband]  asked  how  long  it  was  from 
the  time  in  which  our  Lord  was  betrayed  till  he 
was  crucified.  I  had  not  time  to  read  the  narra- 
tive of  his  death,  but  told  him  the  leading  par- 
ticulars in  a  few  words,  and  promised  to  read  the 
history  itself,  if  spared,  on  some  other  occasion. 
Mrs.  M.  [the  wife]  asked  if  the  Scriptures  said 
anything  about  the  manner  in  which  the  linen  was 
bound  round  his  hands  by  those  who  buried  him  —  as 
the  Highland  women  in  her  country  never  used  a 
certain  kind  of  thread  en  Friday,  which  they 
suppose  to  have  been  used  in  dressing  our  Lord's 
body,  to  tie  his  sleeves.  Of  course  I  told  her  that 
the  Scripture  was  silent  on  the  subject,  and  that 
the  custom  was  a  foolish  superstition." 

DAVID  MURRAY. 
Glasgow. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

THE  FIRST  WIFE  OF  WARREN  HASTINGS.— 
An  almost  complete  uncertainty  still  shrouds 
the  history  of  this  lady,  who  has  only 
recently  been  identified  as  Mary,  widow  of 
Capt.  John  Buchanan,  one  of  the  victims  of 
the  Black  Hole,  and  whose  maiden  name 
remains  unknown.  She  married  Hastings  in 
the  cold  weather  of  1756-7,  and  died  at 
Moradbagh  in  1759,  when  still  under  thirty. 
The  close  connexion  of  Hastings  with 
Dr.  Tysoe  Saul  Hancock  and  his  wife 
Philadelphia  (ne'e  Austen,  aunt  of  the  famous 
Jane)  has  prompted  the  suggestion  that  the 
first  Mrs.  Hastings  was  in  some  way  related 
to  them,  but  this  has  not  been  proved. 
Mr.  Foster,  of  the  India  Office,  has  dis- 
covered that  in  1751  a  Mary  Elliott  obtained 
leave  to  go  out  to  India  with  Philadelphia 
Austen,  but  there  is  no  trace  of  her  having 
made  the  voyage  or  arrived.  In  1753  Capt. 
Buchanan  received  permission  to  take  his 
wife  out  with  him.  Was  Mary  Elliott's  plan 
of  going  to  India  prevented,  or  rather 
delayed,  by  a  marriage  with  Buchanan? 
The  suggestion  seems  probable,  but  needs 
corroboration.  The  descendants  of  the 
Austen  and  Walter  families  (Philadelphia 
Austen's  mother  was  the  widow  of  a  Dr. 
Walter)  can  throw  no  light  on  it,  and  the 
Tonbridge  registers  have  been  searched  in 


i.  MAY  28, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


427 


vain.  Buchanan  is  described  as  "of  Craig- 
ieven,"  and  perhaps  this  may  enable  some 
Scottish  genealogist  to  trace  him,  and  find 
the  record  of  his  marriage.  The  Rev.  H.  B. 
Hyde,  to  whom  the  discovery  of  Mary 
Hastings's  identity  is  due,  suggests  that  she 
may  have  been  the  daughter  or  niece  of 
Col.  Scott,  the  chief  engineer  of  Fort  William, 
but  there  is  nothing  in  his  will  to  support 
the  idea.  SYDNEY  C.  GRIER. 

DOCUMENTS  IN  SECRET  DRAWERS. — In  Lord 
Lytton's  '  Night  and  Morning '  there  is  a 
description  of  the  accidental  finding  of  a  long- 
lost  document  in  a  secret  drawer  of  a  bureau. 
I  am  told  that  such  things  have  actually 
occurred — that  documents  or  valuables  have 
really  been  discovered  in  secret  drawers.  I 
refer  to  receptacles  hidden  inside  pieces  of 
furniture,  not  to  hiding-places  in  the  fabric 
of  a  house.  Can  any  reader  kindly  tell  me 
of  any  such  true  stories  or  of  any  book  which 
would  help  me  in  my  search  for  accounts  of 
similar  occurrences  ? 

(Mrs.)  ELIZABETH  SEYMOUR  NORTON. 

Buckhurst  Hill. 

[Chambers's  Journal  for  May  aud  June  contains 
some  letters  of  Nelson  which  were  stuffed  into  two 
low  armchairs  with  deep  pockets.] 

MADAME  DU  TENC.IN.— Can  any  one  tell  me 
•whether  her  portrait  was  painted  by  Nattier 
or  Allan  Ramsay  ?  CONSTANCE  RUSSELL. 

Swallowfield. 

WYRLEY'S  DERBYSHIRE  CHURCH  NOTES. — 
Where  are  these  to  be  found  1  In  Cox's 
'Churches  of  Derbyshire,'  vol.  ii.  p.  579,  a 
reference  is  given  to  the  Harleian  MS.  4799, 
fo.  99 ;  but  this  reference  would  seem  to  be 
incorrect,  for  the  MS.  in  question  is  a  Char- 
tulary  of  Lichfield.  JAS.  M.  J.  FLETCHER. 

Tideswell  Vicarage,  Derbyshire. 

CONSUMPTION  NOT  HEREDITARY.— In  1843 
Tom  Hood,  in  his  'Comic  Annual,'  while 
describing  a  physician  going  his  round 
through  a  hospital,  narrates  that  one  patient 
complained  of  a  phthisical  neighbour,  on  the 
ground  that  "consumption  is  hereditary — 
if  you  live  in  the  same  room."  Are  there  any 
other  early  records  of  a  disbelief  in  the 
fatalistic  views  concerning  this  disease,  which 
Bunyan  called  "the  captain  of  the  men  of 
Death  "?  STANLEY  B.  ATKINSON. 

Inner  Temple. 

MURRAY  BARONETCY.  —  A  baronetcy  of 
Murray  was  claimed  about  1802,  the  claimant 
stating  the  title  came  into  his  family  in 
1680,  by  the  second  brother  of  Murray,  the 
then  baronet,  marrying  Miss  Lathropp,  and 


assuming  her  name.  Can  any  reader  tell  me 
what  baronetcy  this  was,  and  if  the  state- 
ment as  to  the  marriage  is  correct  1  P.  V. 

A  PHRASE  :  WHAT  is  IT  ?— Lexicographers 
and  grammarians  define  a  phrase  as  "a 
brief  expression  or  part  of  a  sentence  "  ;  and 
one  work  held  in  good  repute  says  that  it 
consists  of  "  two  or  more  words  forming  an 
expression  by  themselves,  or  being  part  of  a 
sentence."  Mr.  Edmund  Gosse  seems  to  use 
the  term  with  a  larger  reference  than  this  ex- 
planation implies,  if,  at  least,  we  are  to  judge 
from  frequent  instances  in  the  monograph  on 
Jeremy  Taylor  which  he  has  written  for  the 
"  English  Men  of  Letters  "  series.  On  p.  50, 
for  example,  he  quotes  as  follows  from  Sir 
Philip  Warwick's  reference  to  Charles  I.  at 
Caversham  : — 

"  I  could  perceive  he  was  very  apprehensive  in 
what  hands  he  was,  but  was  not  to  let  it  be  dis- 
cerned. Nor  had  he  given  his  countenance  unto 
Dr.  Taylor's  '  Liberty  of  Prophesying,'  which  some 
believed  he  had  ;  but  that  really  and  truly  it  was 
refreshment  to  his  spirit  to  be  used  with  some 
civility,  and  to  serve  God  as  he  was  wont,  and  to 
see  some  old  faces  about  him." 

Commenting  on  this,  Mr.  Gosse  says  : — 
"  The  wording  of  this  phrase  seems  to  convey 
that  Charles  had  been  reproached  by  his  Puritan 
jailors  with  his  supposed  approval  of  his  former 
chaplain's  revolutionary  sentiments,''  &c. 

Is  the  quotation  properly  called  a  phrase  ? 
THOMAS  BAYNE. 

BAXTER'S  OIL  PAINTING. — I  have  a  small 
painting  of  Bethlehem,  5  in.  by  3  or  4  in. 
In  the  left  corner  are  the  words  "Baxter's 
Patent  Oil  Painting."  The  donor  told  me 
that  with  Baxter's  death  his  secret  died.  Is 
this  Charles  Baxter,  1809-79,  portrait  and 
subject  painter ;  or  Thomas  Baxter,  1782-1821, 
of  Dillwvn's  Factory  repute,  Swansea ;  or 
John  Baxter,  1781-1858  ?  M . A.OxoN. 

MASONIC  PORTRAIT  or  THE  "GREAT"  LORD 
CHATHAM.  —  I  possess  an  interesting  por- 
trait in  oils,  described  on  the  back  as  of 
the  eminent  statesman  William  Pitt,  first 
Earl  of  Chatham  (1708-1778).  It  is  on 
canvas,  size  36|  in.  by  282in.,  and  painted 
by  Gainsborough,  probably  about  the  middle 
of  the  eighteenth  century.  Chatham  is 
represented  as  seated  on  a  high  (stuffed)  back 
chair,  the  massive  mahogany  carved  frame 
of  which  is  surmounted  by  a  curious  figure- 
head :  he  wears  a  brown  coat  and  dress  wig ; 
from  his  neck  is  suspended  by  a  red  ribbon  a 
white  (silver?)  triangular  Masonic  jewel— the 
base  upwards — containing  two  small  blue 
stones,  and  with  the  additional  upper  part  in 
the  form  of  a  baluster,  there  being  at  the  back 


428 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  MAY  28, 1904. 


a  white  cross  (?),  and  the  half  of  a  large  golc 
star,  showing  ten  points  above,  apparentlj 
the  insignia  of  a  Grand  Steward  ;  his  righ 
hand,  wearing  a  white  leather  gauntlet,  ano 
holding  an  oval-headed  hammer  or  malle 
(similar  to  an  enlarged  drumstick),  rest 
on  the  red-and-black  oblique-striped  cover  o: 
a  narrow  table  in  front,  having  thereon  a 
small  L  -  shaped  square,  plumb-level,  &c 
Masonic  portraits  of  so  early  a  date  are  rare 
Does  any  reader  know  of  reference  in  prinl 
or  MS.  to  that  in  question,  and  whether  it 
has  been  engraved  ?  W.  I.  K.  V. 

THE  WESTERN  EEBELS  AND  THE  REV. 
JOHN  MOREMAN.— The  ringleaders  of  the 
Western  Rebellion  of  1549  state  that  they 
were  examined  by  the  Lord  Chancellor,  by 
Mr.  Smythe  and  Mr.  North.  The  Rev.  John 
Moreman,  D.D.,  was  committed  to  the  Tower 
in  1549,  by  "accusement  of  the  Deane  of 
Powles,"  because  of  a  sermon  preached  in 
the  West  Country,  and  he  was  examined 
thereon  by  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury. 
Can  any  one  tell  me  whether  a  record  of  these 
examinations  exists,  or  where  they  are  likely 
to  be  found  1  I  have  not  yet  been  able  to 
discover  them  at  the  Public  Record  Office. 
(Mrs.)  ROSE-TROUP. 

Beaumont,  Ottery  St.  Mary. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED. 

Rest  after  toil, 
Peace  after  strife, 
Port  after  stormy  seas, 
Death  after  life. 

M.    GURNEY. 
No  endeavour  is  in  vain  ; 
The  reward  is  in  the  doing, 
And  the  rapture  of  pursuing 
Is  the  prize  the  vanquished  gain. 
Thus  didst  thou. 

Everything  that  grows 
Holds  in  perfection  but  a  little  moment. 
And  this  huge  state  presenteth  naught  but  shows, 
Whereon  the  stars  in  silent  influence  comment. 

Lucis. 

GABORIAU'S  '  MARQUIS  D'ANGIVAL.'  —  Is 
there  any  English  translation  of  this  work, 
which  Ruskin  alludes  to  in  '  Fiction  Fair  and 
Foul,'  an  article  recently  published  in  the 
Nineteenth  Centm*y,  and  now  included  in  one 
of  the  volumes  of  l  The  Old  Road '  ?  It  is  con- 
sidered by  many  to  be  Gaboriau's  greatest 
work,  and  ranks  with  Eugene  Sue's  'Mys- 
teries of  Paris.'  It  is  said  to  have  been 
published  in  English  under  the  title  of  '  The 
Mystery  of  Orcival,'  but  a  perusal  of  that 
work  does  not  bear  out  Ruskin's  description 
of  the  book  which  he  entitles  '  The  Marquis 
d'Angival,'  and  which  appears  to  be  quite  a 


different  work.     Doubtless  some  reader  o 
'N.  &  Q.'  can   tell   me  whether  the  latter 
title  is  the  correct  designation  of  the  book, 
FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

THE  NAME  JESUS.— The  Rev.  L.  D.  Dowdall, 
in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for  December, 
1903,  pp.  545-63,  has  an  article  entitled  'A 
Chapter  on  Names.'  In  the  course  of  it  he 
states  that  Jesus  is  a  form  of  Joshua.  If  so, 
how  do  phoneticians  explain  the  evolution  of 
the  e  (u)  sound  of  modern  Jesus  from  the  o 
of  Joshua  ?  An  explanation  of  the  develop- 
ment of  the  s  from  sfi  would  also  be  interest- 
ing ;  and  how  is  the  terminal  sibilant  in 
Jesus  to  be  accounted  for  ? 

GREGORY  GRUSELIER. 

THOMAS  FARMER.  —  Could  any  of  your 
readers  inform  me  whether  there  is  any 
gravestone  or  memorial  tablet  in  Atherstone 
Parish  Church,  Warwick,  to  a  Thomas 
Farmer,  and  if  so,  what  the  inscription  is, 
as  I  wish  to  trace  his  father  ?  Thomas  was 
of  the  same  family  as  the  Farmers  of 
Ratcliffe  Culey,  Leicestershire,  whose  pedi- 
gree is  to  be  found  in  Nichols's  work  on  that 
county.  A.  J.  C.  GUIMARAENS. 

BLIN. — A  Mr.  Blin  married  the  daughter 

of Ryder  (sister  of  John  William  Walters 

Ryder,  of  Stoke,  Devonport),  and  is  believed 
to  have  had  issue  David  William  Walters 
Blin,  born  at  Plymouth,  and  married  to  Ann, 
daughter  of  Josiah  and  Ann  Austen,  of 
Liskeard,  Cornwall.  Inter  alia,  my  mother 
was  a  daughter  of  this  last  couple.  Can 
any  one  give  further  information  respecting 
all  three  surnames  ? 

(Rev.)  B.  W.  BLIN-STOYLE. 
Langden  House,  Braunston,  nr.  Rugby. 

BELLINGER. — Amongst  "the  names  of  all 
the  Noblemen  that  speak  at  the  Westminster 
Meeting  January  ye  28th,  1730/1,"  this  name 
of  Sellinger  appears.  Can  any  correspondent 
of  '  N.  &  Q.'  help  me  to  identify  him  ? 

G.  F.  R,  B. 

'THE  YONG  SOULDIER.' — The  name  of  the 
author,  Capt.-Lieut.  John  Raynsford,  appears 
at  the  end  of  the  dedication,  but  not  on  the 
iitle-page  of  this  book  (London,  printed  by 
J.  R.  for  Joseph  Hunscott,  1642,  4to,  16  pp.). 
The  tract  is  one  of  no  little  military  interest, 
n  that  ifc  describes  the  drill  as  actually  prac- 
iised  in  England  immediately  before  the  out- 
jreak  of  the  Civil  War.  Raynsford,  instructor 
;o  Lord  Say  e  and  Sele's  regiment,  tells  us  that 
'having  this  last  yeere  wanted  Action  in 

,he  Field, and  being  now  commanded  to 

eave  the  Schoole,  and  lead  my  youth  to 
?ield,  [I]  have  (for  the  helpe  of  their  Memory) 


i.  MAY  28, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


429 


written  a  Copy  of  what  I  formerly  taughl 
them,"  i.e.,  instruction  "in  the  right  use  oi 
their  Armes,  Distances,  Motions  and  Firings,' 
both  for  cavalry  and  infantry. 

William,  first  Viscount  Saye  and  Sele,  i 
described  in  the  dedication  as  Master  of  the 
Court  of  Wards  and  a  Privy  Councillor.  He, 
"like  many  other  persons  of  distinction  who 
had  experienced  the  favour  of  the  Court,' 
says  Gorton  ('Biog.  Diet.,'  p.  753),  "joinec 
the  Parliament  in  the  contest  for  power  with 
Charles  I."  How  soon  after  the  publication 
of  this  pamphlet  did  Saye  and  Sele's  loyalty 
desert  him  1  and  did  Raynsford  follow  the 
lead  of  his  colonel1?  Is  anything  further 
known  of  Raynsford  and  this  drill-book,  no 
copy  of  which  I  believe  is  to  be  found  in 
the  collection  of  Civil  War  tracts  now  in  the 
British  Museum?  It  is  not  mentioned  by 
Mr.  C.  H.  Firth  in  his  'Cromwell's  Army, 
1642-1660,'  London,  1902. 

M.  J.  D.  COCKLE. 

Solan,  Punjab. 


"ASHES  TO  ASHES"  IN  THE  BURIAL 

SERVICE. 
(10th  S.  i.  387.) 

THE  Rev.  William  Palmer,  in  'Origines 
Liturgicse'  (ii.  235,  ed.  1836),  says  : — 

"  This  form  of  committing  the  '  body  to  the 
ground  ;  earth  to  earth,  ashes  to  ashes,'  &c.,  seems, 
as  far  as  I  can  judge,  to  be  peculiar  to  our  Church, 
as  we  find  that  most  other  rituals  of  the  East  and 
West  appoint  some  psalm  or  anthem  to  be  sung  or 
said  while  the  body  is  placed  in  the  tomb  ;  but  the 
same  form  nearly  has  been  used  in  the  English 
Church  for  many  ages,  though  anciently  it  followed 
after  the  body  was  covered  with  earth,  and  not 
while  the  earth  was  placed  upon  it." 

The  Rev.  W.  Mask  ell,  in  the  original  edition 
of  '  Monumenta  Ritualia,'  i.  124,  gives  the 
words  thus  : — 

"  Commendo  animam  tuam  Deo  Patri  omni- 
potent!, terrain  terrse,  cinerem  cineri,  pulverem 
pulveri,  in  nomine  Patris,"  &c. 

The  prayer  following  this  commendation 
begins  in  these  terms  : — 

"  It  is  indeed  presumption,  O  Lord,  that  man 
should  dare  to  commend  man,  mortal  mortal, 
ashes  ashes,  to  Thee  our  Lord  God  ;  but  since  earth 
receives  earth,  and  dust  is  being  turned  to  dust, 
until  all  flesh  is  restored  to  its  source,"  &c. 

This  office,  'Inhumatio  Defuncti,'  was 
copied  from  the  1543  edition  of  the  Sarum 
Manual  in  the  editor's  possession.  He  com- 
pared it  with  a  slightly  varying  office  in  the 
Bangor  Pontifical. 

The  compilers  of  this  ancient  service  would 
seem  to  have  had  in  view  in  the  phrases  now 


under  question  three  texts.    I  quote  from 
the  Vulgate,  the  Bible  as  they  used  it : — 
Gen.  iii.  19,  "...donee  revertaris  in  terrain 

Saia  pulyis  es,  et  in  pulverem  reverteris." 
en.  xviii.  27,  "  cum  sim  pulvis  et  cinis." 

Ecclus.  x.  9,  "  Quid  superbis  terra  et  cinis  1" 

In  these  three  passages  we  find  the  com- 
bination of  earth,  dust,  and  ashes,  as  sug- 
gestive of  the  deep  humiliation  which  the 
evidence  of  our  frail  mortality  must  impress 
on  every  thoughtful  mind.  Ashes,  the  small 
residuum  of  a  solid,  perhaps  beautiful  sub- 
stance consumed  by  fire,  easily  scattered  by 
the  wind,  without  form  and  worthless,  are 
a  fit  emblem  of  what  human  pomp  and  pride 
suffer  under  the  stroke  of  death.  It  is  not, 
of  course,  likely  that  the  compilers  of  this 
office  had  any  thought  of  cremation,  any 
more  than  the  writers  of  Genesis  or  Eccle- 
siasticus. 

It  would  make  this  reply  too  long  to  give 
extracts  from  the  'Idiomela'  of  the  Greek 
Church,  written  in  the  eighth  century  by 
St.  John  of  Damascus,  and  still  used  in  the 
Burial  Office  :  'A.Ko\ov6ia  ve/c/owo-i/xos  eis  KOO-- 
/iiKovs.  They  may  be  seen  in  the  Venice 
edition  of  the  EvxoAoytov  fj-tya  (1862),  p.  413. 
St.  John  was  a  true  poet,  and  under  his 
magic  touch  the  dust  and  ashes  of  the  grave 
become  a  fitting  soil  for  the  blossoms  of 
immortality.  C.  DEEDES. 

Chichester. 

Whatever  may  have  led  to  the  use  of  the 
word  "ashes"  in  this  part  of  the  Burial 
Service,  it  can  have  no  reference  to  crema- 
tion. For  the  sense  of  the  passage  is  that 
the  body,  which  is  earth,  ashes,  dust,  returns 
to  the  same  again,  so  that  if  we  take  "to 
ashes  "  to  imply  cremation  we  must  suppose 
that  the  body  came  into  existence  also  by 
cremation.  W.  C.  B. 

These  words  in  the  Burial  Service  date 
from  1549,  and  are  translated  from  cinerem 
cineri  in  the  Sarum  form.  They  are,  I  should 
bhink,  founded  on  Gen.  xviii.  27.  Ashes  are 
Frequently  associated  with  penitence  and 
humiliation,  as  in  the  Old  Testament  (see 
Concordance)  and  in  the  old  ritual  of  Ash 
Wednesday.  Compare  the  line  in  the  '  Dies 
frse,'  "Cor  contritum  quasi  cinis."  The 
expression  "dust  and  ashes  "  became  familiar 
through  Gen.  xviii.  27  (see  'N.E.D.,'  under 

Dust,'  3  b) ;  and  so,  given  the  phrase  "  dust 
to  dust"  from  Gen.  iii.  19,  "ashes  to  ashes" 
would  naturally  follow.  At  the  same  time 

t  seems  not  unlikely  that  the  expression 
originated  in  the  practice  of  cremation,  as 
many  other  words  and  phrases  have  ori- 

inated  in  things  that  have  long  ceased  to 


430 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  MAY  28, UM. 


be  familiar.  The  form  of  committal  in  the 
English  Burial  Service  appears  to  be  peculiar 
to  Sarum  ;  I  do  not  find  it  in  the  York  or  in 
the  Roman  service.  Sarum  and  York  both 
have  a  prayer  beginning,  "Temeritatis  quidem 
est,  Domine,  ut  homo  hominem,  mortalis  mor- 
talem,  cinis  cinerem  tibi  Domino  Deo  nostro 
audeat  cornmendare."  In  the  Greek  rite  oil 
from  the  lamp  and  ashes  from  the  censer,  as 
well  as  earth,  are  cast  upon  the  body  ('Book 
of  Needs,'  tr.  by  Shann,  Lond.,  1894,  p.  164). 

J.  T.  F. 
Durham. 

The  form  of  commendation  in  the  Burial 
Service  is  partly  taken  from  the  Manual  of 
Sarum. 

For  the  custom  of  casting  earth  upon  the 
body  three  times  cf.  Horace,  Od.  i.  35,  36  : — 

Licebit 
Injecto  ter  pulvere  curras. 

CHR.  WATSON. 

Long  and  interesting  articles  on  this  sub- 
ject will  be  found  in  4*  S.  viii.  107,  169,  255, 
under  the  head  of  'Earth  thrown  upon  the 
Coffin.'  EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 


BIRTH-MARKS  (10th  S.  i.  362).— I  am  not  a 
physiologist,  so  any  opinion  I  might  offer  on 
this  subject  would  be  regarded  as  of  little 
value.  The  following  is,  however,  worth 
putting  on  record,  as  there  is  no  doubt  of  the 
truth  of  the  statements.  I  do  not  venture  to 
suggest  what  inference,  if  any,  should  be 
drawn  from  them. 

In  December,  1836,  an  old  man  named 
William  Marshall,  and  his  sister,  Deborah 
Elizabeth  Hutchinson,  who  lived  with  him, 
were  murdered  in  their  cottage  in  this  town. 
As  soon  as  the  crime  came  to  light  many  per- 
sons who  had  known  them  flocked  to  see  the 
bodies.  Among  the  crowd  was  a  pregnant 
woman  who  had  been  a  friend  of  the  victims. 
She  clasped  the  dead  woman's  hand,  and 
when  her  baby  was  born,  which  was  a  boy, 
it  had  two  very  short  fingers,  the  first  and 
second.  This  the  mother  fully  believed  to 
be  the  result  of  the  clasping  of  the  dead 
hand.  The  baby  grew  up  to  manhood.  My 
informant,  who  is  a  very  trustworthy  person, 
knew  him  well,  and  has  often  observed  the 
defective  fingers. 

The  following  passage  from  Jean  Baptiste 
Thiers's  'Traite'  des  Superstitions  qui  re- 
gardent  les  Sacremens'  is  interesting,  but, 
I  think,  must  be  looked  upon  as  folk-lore 
only  :— 


"  Qui    s'imaginent 
demeure  debout    ou 


que    si    une    femme    grosse 
assise   au    pie"   du    lit  d'une 


personne  agonizante,  1'enfant,  dont  elle  est  grosse, 
sera  marque"  d'une  tache  bleue  au-dessus  du  lies, 
appellee  la  bierre,  qui  signifie  que  cet  enfant  ne 
vivra  pas  long- terns. "—Fourth  edition,  1777,  vol.  i. 
p.  236. 

EDWARD  PEACOCK. 
Wickentree  House,  Kirton-in-Lindsey. 

The  points  mentioned  in  this  article  are 
treated  of  in  the  following  places  : — 

Lennius,  L.,  physitian,  Secret  Miracles  of  Natifre, 
1658. 

Digby,  Sir  K.,  Discourse Powder  of  Sympathy, 

1660,  pp.  83-5. 

Malebranch,  Search  after  Truth,  by  Sault,  1694, 
i.  145-59. 

Turner,  Daniel,  M.D.,  Force  of  Mother's  Imagina- 
tion  1726.  (Munk,  Roll  of  R.C.P.,  1861,  ii.  32.) 

Strength  of  Imagination a  vulgar  error,  1727. 

Blondel,  J.  A.,  Power  of  Mother's  Imagination 

examined,  1729  (in  answer  to  Turner,  Munk,  ii.  31). 

Mauclerc,  J.  H.,  M.D.,  Dr.  Blondel  confuted,  1747. 

Ray,  John,  Three  Discourses,  ed.  3,  pp.  53  sqq. 

Athenian  Oracle. 

Hudibras,  ed.  Grey,  notes  on  part  iii.  c.  ii.  811. 

Church,  Miraculous  Powers,  1750,  p.  xxxi. 

Winter,  G.,  History  of  Animal  Magnetism, 
Bristol,  1801. 

W.  C.  B. 

This  is  a  subject  which  occupied  me  a  good 
deal  some  years  ago,  and  the  following  are 
some  notes  I  took  concerning  it : — 

"  De  Seleuco  Mentore  Syrise  rege.  '  Pariter  inter 
miranda  yenib,  quod  Seleucus  qui  Syrias  regno,  postea 
etiam  Asire  juraaddidit,  ipse  cum  posteris  nasceretur 
coxa  anchorse  imagine  signata.  Nee  minus  mirum 
matrem  ejus  somniasse  se  ex  Apolline  gravidam 
factam,  et  prcemium  concubitus  ab  eo  annulum 
accepisse,  cui  anchora  sicut  in  filii  coxa  erat  in- 
sculpta,  quern  annulum  postea  ad  bellum  cum 
Alexandro  eunti  Seleuco  mater  dono  dedit,  et 
miraculum  quo  annulum  assecuta  erat,  narravit.' " 
— Baptist*  Fulgosii  Genuensis  '  Factorum  et  Dic- 
torum  memorabilium  Libri  ix.'  (Coloniae  Agrippinse), 
1604,  lib.  i.  cap.  6,  p.  41  et  verso. 

"Les  figures  enfin  qui  se  trouvent  aux  auimaux 
raisonnables,  sont  toutes  celles  que  1'imagination 

de  la  mere  enceinte  a  imprimes  sur  1'enfant Vne 

mienne  soeur  avoit  un  poisson  a  la  jambe  gauche, 
form6  par  le  desir  que  ma  mere  avoit  eu  d'en  manger, 
mais  represente  avec  tant  de  perfection  et  de  mer- 
veille  qu'il  semblait  qu'un  savant  peintre  y  eut 
travaille.  Ce  qui  est  admirable  en  569!,  c'estoit  que 
la  fille  ne  mangeoit  jamais  poisson  que  celuy  de 
sa  jambe  ne  luy  fit  ressentir  une  douleur  trea 
sensible :  et  un  de  mes  amis  qui  avait  une  meure 
relevee  sur  le  front,  provenue  aussi  de  1'appetit  de 
sa  mere,  ne  mangeoit  jamais  pareillement  des 
meures,  que  la  sienne  ne  le  blessat  par  une  Emotion 
extraordinaire."  —  Jaoques  Gaffarelli,  '  Curiositez 
inouyes  sur  la  sculpture  talismanique  des  Persans,' 
&c.  (Rouen,  1632),  lib.  v.  p.  105. 

See  also  Plutarch,  '  De  Sera  Numinis  Vin- 
dicata,'  cap.  xxi. 

EDWARD  HERON-ALLEN. 

The  following  anecdote  from  a  little  book 
entitled  'Comforts  of  Old  Age'  may  prove 
an  amusing  illustration  of  this  belief.  The 


i.  MAY  23,  low.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


431 


book  seems  to  have  been  popular,  as  my  copy 
is  one  of  the  fifth  edition,  was  published  by 
John  Murray  in  1820,  and  was  written  by 
Sir  Thomas  Bernard,  a  very  philanthropic 
man,  who  died  in  1816.  The  speaker  is  John 
Hough,  Bishop  of  Worcester,  who  died  in  his 
ninety-third  year  in  1743  : — 

"If  you  will  not  accuse  me  of  Egotism,  I  will 
mention  a  circumstance  that  has  very  lately 
occurred.  A  country  neighbour  and  his  dame  dined 
with  me  on  new-year's-day.  She  \vas  in  the  family- 
icay,  and  during  dinner  was  much  indisposed ;  they 
both  went  home  as  soon  as  they  could  after  dinner. 
The  next  morning  the  husband  came  and  informed 
me  of  the  cause  of  her  indisposition — that  she  had 
longed  for  my  silver  tureen,  and  was  in  considerable 
danger.  I  was  anxious  that  my  tureen  should  not 
be  the  cause  of  endangering  her  life,  or  become  a 
model  for  the  shape  of  her  child  ;  and  immediately 
sent  it  to  her.  In  due  time  she  produced  a  chop- 
ping boy,  and  last  week  when  I  offered  my  con- 
gratulations on  her  recovery,  I  informed  her  that 
now  in  my  turn  I  longed  for  the  tureen,  which  I 
begged  she  would  send  by  the  bearer ;  and  that  I 
would  always  have  it  ready  to  send  her  again,  in 
case  of  any  future  longing." — P.  105. 

The  italics  are  in  the  book.  Dr.  Mead, 
like  Dr.  John  Freind,  was  an  excellent  Latin 
scholar.  The  idea  of  the  book  is  taken  from 
Cicero  '  De  Senectute,'  and  the  circumstances 
recorded  might  have  taken  place. 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

DICKENS  QUERIES  (10th  S.  i.  228, 272, 298).— 
The  modern  Winchester  song-books  do  not 
contain  '  Jarvey.'  PROF.  STRONG'S  derivation 
of  "biddy"  was  the  accepted  one  in  my 
time,  and  is  also  to  be  found  in  '  Winchester 
College  Notions,'  published  in  1901. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

"SAL  ET  SALIVA"  (10th  S.  i.  368).  — The 
ancient  Norsemen  used  salt  in  baptism,  and 
this  inscription  on  the  font  mentioned  by 
MR.  HOOPER  shows  that  salt  was  also  used 
at  Ipswich.  Under  the  word  "Geifla,"  to 
mumble,  the  following  passage  from  '  Biskupa 
Sogur,'  i.  25,  is  quoted  in  Cleasby  and 
Vigfusson's  '  Icelandic-English  Dictionary ' : 
"Goinlum  kennu  v4r  mi  Gotianum  at  geifla 
a  saltinu,  see  how  we  teach  the  old  Godi 
[priest]  to  mumble  the  salt."  Some  old 
English  fonts  have  two  basins,  a  larger  one 
for  water,  and  a  smaller  one  which  may 
have  been  used  for  salt  :  see  an  engraving 
of  a  very  old  font  of  this  kind  at  Youlgreave 
in  Bateman's  'Vestiges  of  Derbyshire,'  p.  241. 
In  my  '  Household  Tales  and  Traditional 
Remains,'  p.  120,  I  have  recorded  the  fact 
that /'some  English  people  carry  a  plate  of 
salt  into  the  church  at  baptism.  They  say 
that  a  child  which  is  baptized  near  salt  will 
be  sure  to  go  to  heaven."  Unbaptized,  and  so 


exposed,  infants  had  salt  put  beside  them  for 
safety  (Grimm's  'Deutsche  Rechtsalter- 
thiimer,'  1854,  p.  457).  To  sprinkle  a  child 
with  water  ("  ausa  vatni ")  on  giving  it  a 
name  was  usual  among  the  Norsemen  in  the 
heathen  age.  It  was  regarded  as  a  protection 
against  danger.  Thus  in  'Havamal'  ('Corpus 
Poeticum  Boreale,'  i.  27)  we  have:  "Ef  ek 
skal  J>egn  ungan  verpa  vatni  a,  muna<5  hann 
falla  J>6tt  hann  i  folk  komi,  if  I  sprinkle 
water  on  a  young  lord,  he  shall  never  fall 
though  he  go  to  battle."  Hence  it  is  pro- 
bable that  salt  also  was  used  as  a  charm. 
In  a  letter  to  the  Academy,  15  February,  1896, 
Dr.  Whitley  Stokes  suggested  that  "the 
source  of  Christian  infant  baptism,  like 
the  source  of  Christian  parthenogenesis, 
&c.,  is  to  be  found  in  folk-lore,"  and  his 
suggestion  was  supported  by  Mr.  Clodd  in  a 
presidential  address  to  the  Folk-lore  Society 
(Folk  -  lore,  vii.  51,  57).  So  far  away  as 
Borneo  water  is  poured  over  a  child's  head 
on  its  admission  to  the  kindred  (Folk-lore, 
xiii.  438).  In  Yorkshire  soon  after  a  child  is 
born  a  drinking  carousal  is  held;  this  they 
call  "  washing  baby's  head."  In  Derbyshire 
a  ballad  used  to  be  sung  at  Christmas  about 
the  birth  of  a  child  who  came  over  the  sea  in 
a  ship.  I  have  preserved  the  air,  and  as 
many  of  the  words  as  could  be  remembered, 
in  my  '  Household  Tales,'  p.  108.  The  ballad 
contains  the  lines  : — 

They  washed  his  head  in  a  golden  bowl, 
In  a  golden  bowl,  in  a  golden  bowl ; 
They  washed  his  head  in  a  golden  bowl 
At  Christmas  Day  in  the  morning. 

Here  the  basin  was  of  gold.  Nothing  is  said 
about  salt,  but  the  child's  head  was  wiped 
with  a  diaper  towel,  and  combed  with  an 
ivory  comb. 

As  regards  saliva  in  baptism,  I  think  I 
saw  an  English  clergyman,  many  years  ago, 
put  his  finger  into  his  mouth,  and  make  the 
sign  of  the  cross  on  the  child's  forehead. 

S.  O.  ADDY. 

The  ceremonies  connected  with  salt  and 
spittle    at    baptism    are    explained    in    the 
Catechismus      Concilii       Tridentini      Pars 
Secunda  LX.'        JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

See  the  rubrics  in  the  '  Ritus  Baptizandi ' 
in  the  mediaeval  manuals  or  in  the  modern 
Rituale  Romanum.'    Thus  in  Sarum  (Surt. 
Soc.,  vol.  Ixiii.  p.  9*) : — 

"  Benedictio  Salis .ponatur  de  ipso  sale  in  ore 

ejus,  ita  dicendo :  Accipe  salem  sapientiae,"  &c. ; 

and  p.  10*,  after  the  Gospel, 

"  Deinde  spuat  Sacerdos  in  sinistra  manu,  et  tangat 
aures  et  nares  infantis  cum  pollice  suo  dextero  de 
sputo  [in  modum  crucis— MS.]  dicendo  ad  aurem 
dexteram,  Effeta,  quod  est  adaperire ;  ad  nares,  In 


432 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  MAY  28, 


odorem  suavitatis;  ad  aurem  sinistram,  Tu  autem 
effugare  diabole ;  appropinquabit  enim  judicium 
Dei." 

Why  the  inscription  "  Sal  et  saliva "  should 

be  on  the  font,  or  why  the  oil  should  not  be 

mentioned,  I  cannot  say.  J.  T.  F. 

Bishop  Hatfield's  Hall,  Durham. 

The  meaning  of  the  words  "Sal  et  saliva," 
found  on  the  font  in  St.  Margaret's  Church, 
Ipswich,  is  easily  explained.  In  the  Catholic 
rite  of  baptism  the  officiating  priest  puts  salt 
into  the  mouth  of  the  child,  as  a  sign  that  he 
is  to  be  freed  from  the  corruption  of  sin,  and 
anoints  his  ears  and  nostrils  with  spittle, 
after  the  example  of  our  Lord,  who  thus 
restored  sight  to  the  blind  man.  I  may  add 
that  the  antiquity  of  these  rites  is  proved 
from  their  being  contained  in  the  Sacramen- 
tary  of  Pope  Gelasius,  who  died  in  496. 

D.  OSWALD  HUNTER-BLAIR,  O.S.B. 
Oxford. 

See  'The  Catholic  Christian  Instructed,' 
pp.  15-17.  ST.  S  WITHIN. 

In  the  ancient  form  of  baptism  the  priest 
placed  salt  in  the  child's  mouth,  "  Sacerdos 

ponat  de  ipso  sale  in  ore  ejus,  ita  dicens, 

ST.,  Accipe  salem  sapientise,"  &c.  Afterwards 
he  placed  some  of  his  own  saliva  in  his  left 
hand,  and  with  his  right  thumb  touched 
therewith  the  ears  and  nostrils  of  the  child, 
"  Deinde  sputet  Sacerdos  in  sinistra  manu, 
et  tangat  aures  et  nares  infantis  cum  pollice 
dextro  cum  sputo."  See,  e.g.,  the  'York 
Manual,'  Surtees  Soc.,  pp.  6,  10,  9*,  10*. 

W.  C.  B. 

A  short  account  of  the  old  English  bap- 
tismal rite  may  be  seen  in  Dr.  Swete's 
'Church  Services  before  the  Reformation,' 
published  by  S.P.C.K.  Those  who  wish  to  con- 
sult the  very  interesting  'Ordines  Romani' 
can  do  so  in  Mabillon's  'Museum  Italicum' 
(1724).  The  whole  of  the  second  volume  deals 
with  this  subject.  Bingham's  'Antiquities' 
is  also  helpful.  C.  DEEDES. 

Chichester. 

See  Trench,  'Miracles,'  p.  353,  ed.  1854,  and 
'  Diet.  Chr.  Ant.,'  p.  1838b.  Rabanus  Maurus 
(circa  850  A.D.)  mentions  both  rites  and  their 
mystical  significance.  CHAS.  P.  PHINN. 

Watford. 

"As  THE  CROW  FLIES"  (10th  S.  i.  204,  296, 
372). — The  phrase  was  used  in  1829  in  a  judg- 
ment given  by  Mr.  Justice  Parke,  afterwards 
Lord  Wen sley dale  :— 

"I  should  have  thought  that  the  proper  mode  of 
admeasuring  the  distance  would  be  to  take  a  straight 
line  from  house  to  house,  in  common  parlance,  as 
the  crow  flies."— 9  Barnewall  and  Cresswell's 
Reports,  779. 


The  following  story  is  told,  I  believe,  of 
the  late  Archbishop  Temple,  and  I  daresay 
of  other  bishops,  with  varying  details.  A 
parson  applied  for  leave  to  reside  outside  his 
parish  at  a  house  which  he  stated  to  be  "  only 
two  miles  off  the  parish  church  as  the  crow- 
flies."  Leave  was  tersely  refused,  on  the 
ground  that  the  parson  was  not  a  crow. 

H.  C. 

It  is  no  easy  task  to  take  a  direct  line  "  as 
the  crow  flies  "  across  the  open  country.  I 
once  tried  it  for  three  miles  or  so  under  the 
following  circumstances,  and  still  retain  a 
very  vivid  recollection  of  the  plight  I  was  in 
when  I  reached  my  destination. 

In  June,  1875,  while  my  brother  and  I 
were  at  a  neighbouring  village,  we  received 
telegraphic  intelligence  that  my  father's 
house  had  been  struck  by  lightning,  and  was 
on  fire.  We  started  for  the  nearest  point 
from  which  we  could  observe  the  position  of 
West  Haddon,  and,  having  located  it  by  the 
smoke,  tore  headlong  across  country.  Through 
hedges,  across  fields  of  mowing  grass,  over 
brooks,  ditches,  and  other  obstacles,  we  re- 
lentlessly pursued  our  course,  and  I  am  not 
aware  that  we  once  deviated  from  the  direct 
line.  I  have  performed  many  cross-country 
runs,  both  before  and  since  then,  but  only  in 
this  one  instance  could  I  strictly  apply  the 
term  "  as  the  crow  flies."  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

STOYLE  (10th  S.  i.  349).— Inquiries  were 
made  in  7th  S.  xii.  167  for  the  Stqyte  family 
of  Uffington  and  Stamford,  co.  Lincoln,  and 
in  9th  S.  x.  448  for  the  Stoyles  family  of 
London.  If  either  should  be  considered  of 
service  to  your  correspondent,  I  would  gladly 
send  him  a  MS.  copy. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

AINOO  AND  BASKISH  (10th  S.  i.  264,  297).— 
This  very  interesting  subject  has  been  fully 
dealt  with  by  the  Canadian  scholar  Dr.  John 
Campbell,  of  the  Presbyterian  College,  Mont- 
real, who  most  kindly  furnished  me  with  the 
pamphlets  in  which  he  had  worked  out  the 
place  and  relationship  of  these  and  other  non- 
Aryan  languages,  which  he  denotes  the 
Khitan  family,  and  classifies  as  follows  : — 

I.  OLD- WORLD  DIVISION. 

1.  Baskish. 

2.  Caucasian  (Georgian,  Lesghian,  Circas- 
sian, Mizjeji). 

3.  Siberian  (Yeniseian,  Yukahirian,  Koriak, 
Tchuktchi,  Kamtschadale). 

4.  Japanese    (Japanese,    Loochoo,    Ainoo, 
Korean). 


10*8.  I.  MAY  28,  1904.]  NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 


433 


II.  AMERICAN  DIVISION. 

1.  Dacotah. 

2.  Huron  (Iroquois,  (tc.). 

3.  Chocktaw  (Muskogee,  &c.). 

4.  Pawnee. 

5.  Paduca  (Shoshonese,  &c.). 

6.  Yuma  (Yuma,  Cuchan,  &c.). 

7.  Pueblos  (Zuni,  &c.). 

8.  Sonora  (Opata,  &c.). 

9.  Aztec,  including  Niquirian. 

10.  Lenca. 

11.  Chibcha. 

12.  Peruvian  (Quichua,  &c.). 

13.  Chileno  (Araucanian,  &c.). 

By  their  hieroglyphics  and  syllabaries  he 
also  includes  with  these  the  Etruscan, 
Cypriote,  Corean,  Aztec,  Hittite,  Pictish, 
Celtiberian,  Lycian  and  Phrygian.  His  com- 
parative tables  of  this  last  group  show  a 
striking  correspondence  among  the  several 
examples  given. 

Dr.  Campbell  then  proceeds  to  work  out 
for  the  Khitan  family  a  "  law "  correspond- 
ing to  Grimm's  law  of  the  Aryan  languages. 

If  further  details  of  the  "  law "  and  com- 
parative examples  are  of  interest  to  readers 
of  '  N.  &  Q.,'  I  shall  be  most  happy  to  furnish 
extracts.  I  am  not  aware  whether  the  learned 
author  is  still  living.  RED  CROSS. 

ADMIRAL  SIR  SAMUEL  GREIG  (10th  S.  i. 
349).— This  family  appears  to  have  had  a  long 
connexion  with  the  Russian  navy,  because  in 
the  year  1832,  as  I  gather  from  an  old  letter 
.  have  before  me,  written  by  a  great-aunt 
of  mine,  she  was  then  to  be  addressed  "At 
his  Excellency  Admiral  Greig's,  Commander- 
m-Chief  of  the  Black  Sea  Fleets  and  Ports, 
.Nicolaieff."  MISTLETOE. 

A  short  biographical  sketch  of  this  distin- 
guished man  appeared  in  2nd  S.  xi.  88.  By  the 
reply  (p.  459)  a  further  account  of  him  will 
be  found  in  '  Travels  into  Norway,  Denmark, 
and  Russia  in  the  Years  1788,  '89,  '90,  and  '91,' 
by  A.  Swinton,  Esq.  (London,  1792). 

EVERARD   HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

Some  information  about  the  British  officers 
who  served  in  the  Russian  navy  (1787  et  seq.) 
will  be  found  in  the  life,  by  the  Rev.  John 
Penrose,  of  Capt.  James  Trevenen  (1850). 

W.  P.  COURTNEY. 
Reform  Club. 

"I    EXPECT    TO    PASS    THROUGH    THIS    LIFE 

BUT  ONCE"  (10th  S.  i.  247, 316,  355).— As  an  old 
lover  of  the  exquisite  '  Spectator,'  I  venture 
to  mention  that  at  present  I  have  failed  in 
my  efforts  to  support  the  assertion  that 
Addison  was  the  author  of  the  remark  "I 


expect  to  pass  through  this  life  but  once  "  ; 
but  at  the  same  time  I  take  the  opportunity 
to  point  out  that  one  of  "  the  thoughts  "  of 
the  Emperor  Marcus  Aurelius  Antoninus  was 
that  "life  can  only  be  lived  once"  (see  index 
to  George  Long's  translation,  p.  213,  Bell  & 
Sons,  1887) ;  and  also  that  the  following 
excerpts  on  the  subject  are  from  'Marcus 
Aurelius  Antoninus  to  Himself,'  by  Gerald 
H.  Rendall  (Macmillan,  1898)  :— 

"  No  man,  remember,  can  lose  another  life  than 
that  which  he  now  lives,  or  live  another  than  that 
which  he  now  loses.  The  present  is  the  same  for 
all ;  what  you  lose,  or  win,  is  just  the  flying  moment." 
—Book  ii.  14,  p.  19. 

"  Where  are  they  all  now  ?  Nowhere — or  nobody 
knows  where.  In  this  way  you  will  come  to  look 
on  all  things  human  as  smoke  and  nothingness ; 
especially  if  you  bear  in  mind  that  the  thing  once 
changed  can  never  be  itself  again  to  all  eternity." 
— Book  x.  31,  p.  154. 

HENRY  GERALD  HOPE, 

119,  Elms  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  (10th  S.  i.  168, 
217,  275).— With  respect  to  No.  4,  "  Tot  con- 
gestos  noctesquo  diesque  labores  transerit 
[hauserit]  una  dies,"  see  the  piece  of  forty- 
two  lines  described  by  W.  S.  Teuffel  ('  Hist. 
Rom.  Lit.,'  §  220,  5  ;  vol.  i.  p.  415  in  Warr's 
English  translation)  as  "  A  school  essay  on  the 
theme  :  '  Reflexions  of  Augustus  on  Vergil's 
will.'"  This  performance  may  be  found  on 

Ep.    179-82,    vol.  iv.  of    Bahrens's    'Poetse 
atini  Minores,'  and   elsewhere.      Lines  20 
sqq.  run  thus  in  Bahrens's  text : — 

Frangatur  potius  legum  reuerenda  potestas 
Quam  tot  congestos  noctuque  dieque  labores 
Auferat  una  dies. 

For  noctuque  dieque  there  is  a  v.l.  noctesqiie 
diesque,  and  for  auferat  a  v.l.  hauserit. 
Bahrens  (vol.  iv.  prsefat.,  p.  44)  hesitates 
to  what  period  he  should  assign  the  poem, 
suggesting  the  fourth  or  fifth  century.  It 
may  be  worth  recalling  the  effective  use  of 
'l  Tot — hauserit  una  dies  "  made  by  Mark 
Pattison  at  the  end  of  that  fine  passage 
in  his  '  Isaac  Casaubon '  which  begins  : 
"Learning  is  a  peculiar  compound  of  memory, 
imagination,  scientific  habife,  accurate  obser- 
vation," &c.  (second  ed.,  pp.  435-6).  Pattison 
does  not  indicate  the  source  of  his  quotation. 

EDWARD  BENSLY. 
The  University,  Adelaide,  South  Australia. 

PAMELA  (9th  S.  xii.  141,  330  ;  10th  S.  i.  52, 
135).  —  Mr.  Austin  Dobson,  after  having 
quoted  in  his  '  Samuel  Richardson,'  at  p.  46, 
the  passage  from  Fielding's  '  Joseph  Andrews  * 
printed  already  at  9th  S.  xii.  141,  goes  on 
to  say:  "Sidney,  from  whose  'Arcadia' 
Richardson  got  it,  made  it  Pamela,  and  so 


434 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  MAY  28,  UM. 


did  Pope " ;  but  MR.  RICHARD  HORTON 
SMITH,  at  the  reference  just  mentioned 
states  that  in  Sidney's  romance  there  is  no 
clue  to  the  pronunciation  of  the  name.  Then 
Mr.  Dobson  adds:  "But  .Richardson,  in 
Pamela's  hymns,  made  it  Pamela,  and  his 
parasites  persuaded  him  he  was  right. 
'  Mr.  Pope,'  wrote  Aaron  Hill,  '  has  taught 
half  the  women  in  England  to  pronounce  it 
wrong.'"  Where  did  Hill  write  this  ?  Now 
one  question  remains  :  Did  Pope  pronounce 
the  accented  syllable  as  he  did  tea,  or  as  we 
should  nowadays?  G.  KRUEGER. 

Berlin. 

WILLIAM  PECK  (10th  S.  i.  348).— An  inquiry 
was  made  for  Peck's  MSS.  in  3rd  S.  xii.  503 
(December,  1867),  and  a  reply  stated  that  they 
"and  another  quarto  volume  of  historical 
and  topographical  memoranda  are  in  the 
possession  of  Edward  Hailstone"  (the  writer), 
of  Horton  Hall,  Bradford,  Yorkshire. 

I  may  add  that  copies  of  William  Peck's 
'History  of  Bawtry  and  Thome,'  also  vol.  i. 
(all  published)  of  the  '  Isle  of  Axholme,'  may 
be  consulted  in  the  Corporation  Library, 
Guildhall,  E.G. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

[Mr.  Hailstone's  library  was,  of  course,  sold 
during  the  latter  half  of  the  past  century.] 

'RECOMMENDED   TO   MERCY5  (10th  S.   i.   109, 

232,  338).—!  do  not  find  the  above  title  under 
the  heading  '  Eiloart,  Mrs.  Elizabeth,'  in  the 
British  Museum  Catalogue,  so  still  hope  that 
some  one  will  be  able  to  put  me  on  the  track 
of  the  novel  in  question. 

EDWARD  LATHAM. 

POTTS  FAMILY  (10th  S.  i.  127).— In  8th  S.  vii. 
105,  293,  there  is  some  information  about 
Percivall  Pott,  the  father  and  grandfather 
of  Archdeacon  Pott,  but  there  is  no  mention 
of  a  Samuel  Pott.  ARTHUR  HUSSEY. 

Tankerton-on-Sea,  Kent. 

'  ANCIENT  ORDERS  OF  GRAY'S  INN  '  (10th  S. 
i.  367).— MR.  JAMES  MULLIGAN,  as  Master  of 
the  Library  of  Gray's  Inn,  may  be  interested 
in  the  following  abstract  from  "Honor  Re- 
divivus ;  or,  an  Analysis  of  Honor  and  Armory, 
by  Matt.  Carter,  Esq.  London,  printed  for 
Henry  Herringman  at  the  sign  of  the  Blew 
Anchor  in  the  Lower  Walk  of  the  New  Ex- 
change, 1673":  — 

"Grays  Inn  Beareth  Sables  a  Griffin  Rampant, 
Ur.  Ihis  House  was  sometimes  the  abiding  Man- 
sion of  the  noble  Family  of  Gray,  from  whence  the 
niam?r°  House  is  deduced.  It  is  scituate  within 
the  Mannor  Poorpool,  a  Prebendary  antiently  be- 
longing to  the  Cathedral  Church  of  St.  Paul,  London. 
J-n  the  Reign  of  King  Edward  the  III.,  the  Gentle- 


men Students  of  that  Society  (as  is  confidently 
affirmed)  took  a  Grant  of  this  House  from  the  said 
Baron  Gray  who  lived  in  those  days.  And  it  is 
held  probable  that  the  Grays  Arms  have  been 
antiently  by  this  Fellowship  maintained ;  and  are 
still  taken  up,  and  kept  as  the  proper  and  peculiar 
Ensigne  of  that  Colledge  or  House,  and  thus  the 
same  is  found  portraicted. 
Barry  of  six  Arg.  and  Azure,  a  bordure  quarterly 

Or,  and  of  the  second. 

But  now  of  late  years  this  Honorable  Society  has 
assumed  for  their  proper  Coat  Armor,  or  Ensign  of 
Honor,  A  Griffin  Or,  in  the  Field  Sables." 

RONALD  DIXON. 
46,  Marlborough  Avenue,  Hull. 

The  proverb  still  holds  good,  "Hills  are 
green  afar  off."  If  the  Master  of  Gray's  Inn 
will  ask  Mr.  Denis  Douthwaite,  the  Steward 
or  Under-Treasurer  of  Gray's  Inn,  he,  I  am 
sure,  will  receive  much  information  from  that 
excellent  Englishman.  And,  what  few  Eng- 
lishmen do  when  they  come  to  Ireland,  he 
has  gone  home  again.  Perhaps  this  extract 
would  not  be  out  of  place  : — 

"Mr.  Denis  W.  Douthwaite,  the  popular  and 
efficient  Assistant  Librarian  at  King's  Inns,  has 
resigned  that  post,  having  obtained  the  appoint- 
ment of  Assistant  Librarian  [Under-Treasurer?]  at 
Gray's  Inn,  London.  The  entire  staff  of  King's 
Inns  have  testified  their  regard  for  him  by  pre- 
senting him  with  an  Irish  blackthorn,  silver- 
mounted,  with  the  motto  '  Faugh  -  a  -  Balagh ' 
engraved  thereon,  together  with  an  address." — 
Irish  Law  Times,  vol.  xxvii.  (1893)  p.  97. 

S.   HORNER. 

Dublin. 

"BARRAR"  (10th  S.  i.  349).— This,  in  all 
probability,  refers  to  a  part  of  the  under- 
clothing of  a  young  infant,  commonly  known 
as  a  "  barrow  -  coat,"  or  more  briefly  a 
"barrow."  There  are  two  forms  of  this 
garment.  One  is  called  the  "  long  barrow," 
worn  when  a  child  is  in  long  clothes.  This  is 
a  long  petticoat  all  made  of  flannel,  opening 
down  the  front  from  top  to  bottom.  The 
bodice  part  wraps  well  over  in  front,  with 
tapes  for  tying,  one  of  which  passes  through 
a  longitudinal  slit  made  on  one  side,  to  allow 
of  both  strings  being  drawn  tight  and  tied 
in  front ;  there  are  usually  shoulder  straps. 
For  day  use  the  bodice  part  is  cut  separately, 
and  the  skirt  part  pleated  on  to  it,  but  for 
night  use  the  garment  is  usually  cut  all  in 
one  piece. 

The  "  short  barrow,"  which  is  worn  for  a 
few  weeks  after  children  are  "shortened," 
consists  of  a  short  petticoat  of  flannel,  open- 
ing in  front  like  the  "long  barrow,"  but  with 
a  linen  bodice  or  top  part ;  this  wraps  well 
over,  and  is  now  usually  fastened  with  a 
ouple  of  safety-pins,  though  it  is  frequently 
made  with  strings. 


10*  s.  i.  MAY  28,  low.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


435 


As  to  the  origin  of  the  name,  it  is  probably 
so  called  from  a  coarse  linen,  formerly 
imported  from  Holland,  which  was  known  as 
"barras,"  but  the  origin  of  the  word  seems 
to  be  very  obscure.  I  am  not  certain  that  I 
have  got  the  correct  spelling  of  this  well- 
known  article  of  a  baby's  layette. 

ALF.  GARDINER. 

Leeds. 

I  have  an  impression  that  a  long  flannel 
coat  worn  by  infants  is  sometimes  called  a 
"  barrow"  by  old-fashioned  people.  Having 
written  this  sentence,!  turned  to  the  'E.D.D.,' 
and  there  found  confirmation.  Barrow  is  (1) 
an  infant's  flannel  swathe  or  pilch ;  (2)  an 
infant's  first  underdress ;  a  child's  flannel 
petticoat  or  nightdress,  besides  being  the 
flannel  in  which  a  newly  born  infant  is  re- 
ceived from  the  hands  of  the  accoucheur. 
No  doubt  "  barrar  "  is  a  phonetic  rendering 
of  "barrow."  ST.  SWITHIN. 

Flannel  barrows  are  still  in  constant 
demand,  and  may  be  obtained  at  any 
draper's  shop  which  has  an  underclothing 
department."  E.  G.  B. 

Barusley. 

A  "barrar,"  or  "barra,"  is  the  long  flannel 
garment  put  on  infants  in  arms,  and  turned 
up  over  the  feet.  I  have  never  heard  the 
word  in  the  South  of  England,  but  it  is 
of  common  use  in  the  North  and  in  the 
Midlands.  BLANCHE  HULTON. 

Astley  House,  Bolton. 

The  'English  Dialect  Dictionary'  gives 
"  barrow  "  as  used  in  Ireland  and  six  English 
counties,  to  which  I  am  able  to  add  a  seventh, 
namely,  Bucks.  KICHD.  WELFORD. 

[Other  replies  acknowledged.] 

DRYDEN  PORTRAITS  (10th  S.  i.  368).— Kneller 
painted  several  portraits  of  the  poet — the 
finest  of  which  is  at  Bayfordbury  Hall,  Herts. 
The  whereabouts  of  another,  given  by  Dryden 
to  his  cousin  John  Driden,  of  Chesterton, 
is  not  now  discoverable.  The  earliest 
portrait  is  said  to  be  that  in  the  picture 
gallery  at  Oxford,  dated  on  the  back  1655, 
•which  is  probably  an  error  for  1665.  The 
Bodleian  also  possesses  a  copy  after  Kneller, 
once  thought  to  be  an  original.  There  are 
two  portraits  of  Dryden  at  the  National 
Portrait  Gallery  :  one  by  Kneller,  the  other 
attributed  to  James  Maubert.  Malone 
mentions  another  Kneller  as  being  in  the 
possession  of  Mr.  Sneyd,  of  Kiel,  {Stafford- 
shire, one  of  whose  ancestors  married  a 
daughter  of  Sir  John  Driden  in  1666. 
Closterman  painted  a  portrait  of  the  poet 
about  1690.  A  crayon  drawing  was  (1854)  in 


the  possession  of  Sir  Henry  E.  L.  Dryden 
at  Canons  Ashby.  Robert  Bell,  in  1854, 
describes  another  portrait  by  Kneller,  then 
in  the  possession  of  Charles  Seville  Dryden, 
at  his  residence  in  Cambridge  Terrace, 
Hyde  Park.  This  picture  was  a  half-length, 
in'  a  Court  costume  of  French  grey  silk,  with 
gold  ornamental  studs  in  the  place  of 
buttons,  laced  cravat,  plain  ruffles  at  the 
wrist,  wig  and  sword,  and  a  wreath  of  laurel 
in  the  left  hand.  A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

I  saw  a  portrait  of  the  poet  at  Canons 
Ashby  some  years  ago,  when  visiting  the 
late  Sir  Henry  Dryden.  No  doubt  it  is  there 
still.  L.  L.  K. 

THE  SUN  AND  ITS  ORBIT  (10th  S.  i.  329).— 
The  theory  that  Alcyone,  the  leading  brilliant 
in  the  Pleiades,  is  a  central  sun  round  which 
our  solar  system  is  revolving  was  put  forward 
by  Wright  in  1750.  It  was  revived  by  Madler 
in  1846,  but  is  not  held  by  any  modern 
astronomer  with  whose  works  I  am  ac- 
quainted. Flammarion,  in  'Les  Etoiles,' 
Paris,  1882,  writing  of  the  slow  movement  of 
the  stars  in  this  group,  adds  : — 

"  C'est  cette  lenteur  dans  leur  mouvementpropre, 
c'est  ce  repos  relatif  qui  avait  conduit  Tastronome 
allemand  Madler  al'hypothese  que  cette  importante 
agglomeration  de  soleils  pourrait  bien  etrele  centre, 
le  foyer  sideral,  autour  duquel  notre  soleil  gravite. 
Mais  il  n'y  a  la  qu'une  hypothese,  assez  peu  pro- 
bable meme,  car  les-  Pleiades  ne  se  trouvent  pas 
juste  a  angle  droit  avec  la  ligne  que  nous  suivons  dans 
1'espace." 

The  great  conception  of  Sir  William  Her- 
schel  that  the  solar  system  is  bound  upon  a 
stupendous  voyage  through  space  towards  a 
certain  point  in  the  constellation  Hercules 
still  holds  the  field.  '  RICHARD  WELFORD. 

FOOTBALL  ON  SHROVE  TUESDAY  (10th  S.  i. 
127,  194,  230,  331).— At  Stonyhurst  College, 
Lancashire,  the  Shrove-tide  "Grand  (Foot- 
ball) Matches"  were,  until  quite  recently,  one 
of  the  red-letter  events  of  the  year.  These 
matches  were  played  on  the  Thursday  preced- 
ing Quinquagesima  Sunday,  and  on  the  Mon- 
day and  Tuesday  following.  Technically,  the 
game  was  known  as  "Stonyhurst  football," 
a  species  of  football  that  allowed  some  sixty 
or  seventy  to  play  in  one  match.  j;The 
opposing  sides  were  known  as  "English"  and 
'  French " ;  during  the  match  great  enthu- 
siasm always  prevailed  ;  flags  were  flying 
and  cannons  firing.  At  the  "Lemonade"  on 
Shrove  Monday  or  Tuesday,  extra  pancakes 
were  provided  for  such  of  the  players  as  had 
especially  distinguished  themselves.  "  Stony- 
hurst football "  is  now,  alas  !  being  super- 
seded by  the  more  up-to-date  "Association 


436 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io<»  s.  i.  MAY  28, 1904. 


rules,"  and  the  "  Grand  Matches  "  at  Stony- 
hurst  are  a  thing  of  the  past.  B.  W. 

PRINTING  IN  THE  CHANNEL  ISLANDS  (10th 
S.  i.  349).—"  1791.  Printing  introduced  into 
the  island  of  Guernsey."  See  Timperley's 
'  Dictionary  of  Printers  and  Printing,'  p.  773. 

W.  H.  PEET. 

In  F.  F.  Daily's  '  Guide  to  the  Channel 
Islands'  (Stanford,  1860)  we  are  told  that 
"just  before  the  commencement  of  the  present 
century  there  was  neither  a  newspaper  nor 
a  printing-press  in  the  island  of  Guernsey. 
There  are  now  [1860]  four  :  three  in  English, 
and  one  in  French  ;  the  latter  was  established 
in  1789."  Falle's  first  'Account  of  Jersey,' 
1694,  and  his  expanded  '  History  of  Jersey,' 
1734,  were  presumably  printed  in  London. 

J.   HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

At  the  time  when  I  asked  the  above 
question  I  was  unable  to  fix  the  date  of 
an  edition  of  '  La  Mort  d'Abel,"  printed  in 
Jersey  in  1786.  If  I  am  not  mistaken,  there 
are  some  brochures  in  the  Public  Library  at 
St.  Heliers  shown  as  still  earlier  productions 
of  the  Jersey  press.  At  any  rate,  the  printing 
of  Gessner's  famous  book  took  place  in 
Jersey  twelve  years  before  1798,  the  date 
indicated  in  the  Editor's  comment. 

E.  S.  DODGSON. 

"TUGS,"  WYKEHAMICAL  NOTION  (10lh  S.  i. 
269,  353).— This  notion  is  recognized  in  R.  B. 
Mansfield's  'School  Life  at  Winchester 
College,'  first  published  in  1863.  This  writer 
also  has  the  word  "  Tug,"  which  he  interprets 
as  "  old,"  "  stale."  This  was  not  the  use  of  the 
adjective  in  my  day,  when  it  meant  "  common 
or  ordinary,"  and  there  was  a  corresponding 
adverb  "tugly."  The  exclamation  "tugs"' 
did,  however,  mean  "stale  news."  Neither 
Mr.  Wrench  ('Winchester  Word-Book'),  nor 
"  Three  Beetleites  "  ('  Winchester  College 
Notions  '),  nor  Mr.  Mansfield  offer  any  deriva- 
tion. H.  C.  Adams  (' Wykehamica,'  1878) 
derives  "tugs"  from  "Teach  your  grand- 
mother to  suck  eggs,"  a  derivation  which, 
in  my  opinion,  carries  its  condemnation  on  its 
face.  Having  the  fear  of  PROF.  SKEAT  before 
my  eyes,  I  shall  not  attempt  one  myself  ! 
JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

'_THE  CREEVEY  PAPERS  '  (10th  S.  i.  285,  355). 
—SiR  HERBERT  MAXWELL'S  reply  to  my  note 
makes  to  me  confusion  worse  confounded.  I 
had  hoped  for  some  other  explanation  ;  but 
biR  H.  MAXWELL'S  statements  (1)  that 
Curne's  biographer  and  'D.N.B.'  must  be 
wrong  in  assigning  the  date  of  Currie'~ 
death  to  1805,  and  (2)  that  he  had  seen  letter 


from  Dr.  Currie  written  by  him  in  1806,  call 
for  further  inquiry. 

I  wish,  without  further  comment,  to  lay 
before  your  readers  certain  facts  which  I 
have  now  collected  : — 

1.  The  biographer  of  Dr.  Currie  was  his 
son,  William   Wallace  Currie,   who  became 
the  first  Mayor  of  Liverpool  under  the  Re- 
formed  Corporations  Act.    He  would  have 
the  first  information  at  his  disposal  as  to  the 
date  of  his  father's  death. 

2.  Dr.  J.  Aikin,  dating  from  Stoke  Newing- 
ton,  19  September,  1805,  has  in  the  Monthly 
Magazine  for  October,  1805,  a  '  Memoir  of  the 
late  Jas.  Currie,  of  Liverpool.' 

3.  By  the  kindness  of  the  Rev.  H.  G.  J. 
Clements,  vicar  of  Sidmouth,  I  have  a  copy 
of  the  entry  in  the  parish  register,  which 
gives  the  date  of  the  burial  of  Dr.  Currie  as 
4  September,  1805. 

I  am  aware  this  is  only  a  small  point,  but 
I  consider  an  interesting  one,  in  literary  his- 
tory. J.  H.  K. 

THE  SYER-CUMING  COLLECTION  (10th  S.  1. 
409).— The  Syer-Cuming  collection  was  be- 
queathed to  the  parish  of  Newington  (South- 
wark),  and  is  now  at  the  library  there.  A 
special  room  is  about  to  be  built  for  the 
proper  exhibition  of  the  collection,  and 
a  full  catalogue  will  be  prepared.  Mr. 
Cuming's  library  has  been  added  to  the 
Reference  Department  of  the  Public  Library, 
and  the  books  are  available  for  public  use. 
RICH.  W.  MOULD,  Librarian  and  Sec. 

Newington  Public  Library  and  Cuming  Museum. 

THE  ARMSTRONG  GUN  (10th  S.  i.  388).— 
The  gentleman  called  Drake  who  claimed 
the  invention  of  the  Armstrong  gun  was 
John  Pode  Drake.  The  inquirer  should 
consult  for  him  the'Bibliotheca  Cornubiensis,' 
vol.  iii.  p.  1160.  His  son,  Dr.  Henry  Holman 
Drake,  is  still  alive.  W.  P.  COURTNEY. 

"  THE  RUN  OF  HIS  TEETH  "  (10th  S.  i.  388).— 

I  think  this  is  a  phrase  of  Canadian  origin, 
employed  in  reference  to  one's  board  or 
boarding  expenses,  e.g.,  "He  pays  so  much 
for  the  run  of  his  teeth." 

J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

THE  COPE  (9th  S.  x.  285,  374,  495 ;  xi.  93, 
172,  335 ;  (10th  S.  i.  174,  278).— LORD  ALDEN- 
HAM  has  written,  I  think,  1845  for  1846. 
Remembering  that  I  saw  Hawker's  chasuble 
when  first  prepared  at  a  robemaker's  in 
Oxford,  I  have  examined  my  diary,  kept 
while  an  undergraduate,  and  there,  under 
date  13  Jan.,  1846,  I  find  this  entry  :  "Went 
with  Knott  to  Parsons'  to  see  a  chasuble  of 
Hawker's  of  Morwenstow."  My  friend  J.  W. 


.  i.  MAY  28, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


437 


Knott  was  then  a  young  Fellow  of  Brasenose, 
and  afterwards  vicar  of  St.  Saviour's,  Leeds. 
W.  D.  MACRAY. 

BATTLEFIELD  SAYINGS  (10th  S.  i.  268,  375).— 
"Linesman"  (i.e.,  Capt.  M.  H.  Grant,  of  the 
Devonshire  Regiment),  in  his  deservedly  well- 
known  'Words  of  an  Eye-Witness'  (Black- 
wood  &  Sons,  tenth  impression,  1902,  p.  12), 
tells  us  that  during  the  advance  at  the  battle 
of  Colenso, 

"  when  we  had  entered  that  spitting,  humming 
zone  of  rifle-fire,  the  like  of  which  no  living  soldier 
had  ever  before  \yitnessed,  a  bullet  skimmed  along 
the  top  of  a  man's  head,  just  grazing  the  skin,  and 

flicking  off  the  hair  in  its  course '  I  've  just  had 

a  free  'air-cut,  mates ! '  was  the  only  observation 
heard  by  the  officer  who  witnessed  the  ghastly  jest." 

Again,  on  p.  104,  at  the  battle  of  Vaal 
Krantz,  an  officer  of  the  Rifle  Brigade, 

"hit  in  the  leg rolled  over,  and,  no  doubt,  as 

•wounded  men  will,  gave  vent  to  the  sort  of  senti- 
ments which  made  Kipling's  Highland  sergeant  so 
greatly  dread  a  battle,  'It  does  make  the  men  s\veer 
awfuV  Whereupon  the  colour-sergeant  of  his  com- 
pany rushed  to  his  assistance,  and  commenced 
feeling  for  the  wound  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the 
•stomach.  On  being  somewhat  sharply  put  right 
about  this  by  the  sufferer,  the  non-commissioned 
officer  made  the  following  deathless*  reply :  '  Beg 
parding,  sir ;  from  yer  langwidge  I  concluded  you 
was  'it  in  the  habdomen  ! ' " 

M.  J.  D.  COCKLE. 

BASS  ROCK  Music  (10th  S.  i.  308,  374).— 
I  regret  that  at  the  second  reference  I  wrote 
1681  instead  of  1688.  It  was  in  1675  that  the 
colonel  of  the  Royal  Scots,  Lord  George 
Douglas,  was  created  Earl  of  Dumbarton. 

I  think  Ray  wrote  of  "Tantallon  Castle 
and  the  Bass  Rock"  as  constituting  one 
naval  and  military  position,  and  that  he  had 
in  mind  the  tradition  that  the  old  Scots 
march  dates  from  the  attack  on  Tantallon 
by  James  V.,  which  took  place  in  October, 
1528.  The  castle  and  the  rock  being  only 
about  a  couple  of  miles  apart,  ships  passing 
through  the  channel  had  to  run  the  gauntlet 
of  artillery  fire  from  both  sides.  Tantallon 
is  described  in  '  Marmion.' 

The  old  saying 

Ding  doun  Tantallon — 
Big  a  brig  to  the  Bass, 

expressed  proverbial  impossibilities. 

Some  interesting  notes  about  the  taking 
of  Tantallon  by  the  Cromwellites  in  1651  are 
to  be  found  in  '  Cromwell's  Scotch  Cam- 
paigns,' by  W.  S.  Douglas,  1899  edition, 
pp.  230-4.  Rawson  Gardiner,  in  his  '  Corn- 


*  Author's  note  :  "  I  say  deathless,  partly  because, 
amongst  a  myriad  of  other  good  things  of  the  war, 
this  story  has  already  appeared  in  the  pages  of  that 
rosy  organ  the  Sporting  Times." 


monwealth  and  Protectorate,'  vol.  ii.  p.  70, 
when  referring  to  1652,  does  not  mention 
Tantallon  by  name  : — 

"  Every  other  fortress  in  Scotland  holding  out  for 
the  King  had  fallen  ;  but  after  the  castles  of  Dum- 
barton, Brodick,  and  the  Bass  had  fallen  into  the 
hands  of  the  invaders,  Dunottar  continued  to  resist 
their  efforts." 

The  old  Scots  march  is  thus  mentioned  by 
Monro,  in  his  '  Expedition,'  1637  : — 

"  We  were  as  in  a  dark  cloud,  not  seeing  half  our 
actions,  much  less  discerning  either  the  way  of  our 
enemies  or  the  rest  of  our  brigades ;  whereupon, 
having  a  drummer  by  me,  I  caused  him  beat  the 
Scots  March  till  it  cleared  up,  which  recollected 
our  friends  unto  us." 

W.  S. 

LATIN  QUOTATIONS  (10th  S.  i.  188,  297). — 

6.  "Oves  et  boves  et  cetera  pecora  campi." 
—See  the  Vulgate  of  Psalm  viii.  7  (8),  "  Oves 
et  boves  universas,  insuper  et  pecora  campi." 

7.  "  Contra  negantem  principia  non  est  dis- 
putandum."  —  In    the  1621   edition   of    the 
'  Florilegium  Magnum  seu  Polyanthea,'  4d, 
I  find,  col.  875,  under  '  Disputatio,'  "  Dispu- 
tanduin  non  est  contra  negantes  principia, 
nee  contra  eos,  qui  absurda  et  dissentanea 
dicunt,  nee  contra  paralogismos  sophisticos," 
quoted  from  '  Simp,  in  pr.  Phys.,'  c.  15.    I 
have  no  text  of  Simplicius's  commentary  on 
Aristotle's   'Physics'  at  hand  to  verify  the 
reference. 

37.  "  Unam  semper  amo,  cujus  non  solvor 
ab  hamo." — Binder  ('Nov.  Thes.  Adag.  Lat.') 
quotes  this  from  Eiselein's  'DieSprichworter 
und  Sinnreden  des  deutschen  Volkes  in  alter 
und  neuer  Zeit,'  1838.  Does  Eiselein  give  the 
source  1 

43.  "Scripsit  Aristpteles  Alexandra  de 
Physicorum  libro  editum  esse  quasi  non 
editum."  See  Aristotelis  Epist.  vi.  (p.  174 
in  Hercher's  '  Epistolographi  Gneci,'  Paris, 
1873).  EDWAKD  BENSLY. 

The  University,  Adelaide,  South  Australia. 

THE  LAST  OF  THE  WAR  Bow  (10th  S.  i.  225, 
278).  —  A  later  instance  of  this  occurs  in 
Forbes  -  Mitchell's  '  Reminiscences  of  the 
Mutiny,'  p.  76.  In  the  siege  of  Lucknow, 
the  author  says, 

"there  was  a  large  body  of  archers  on  the  walls, 
armed  with  bows  and  arrows,  which  they  dis- 
charged with  great  force  and  precision,  and  on 
White  raising  his  head  above  the  wall  an  arrow 
was  shot  right  into  his  feather  bonnet.  Inside  of 
the  wire  cage  of  his  bonnet,  however,  he  had  placed 
his  forage  cap,  folded  up,  and,  instead  of  passing 
right  through,  the  arrow  stuck  in  the  folds  of  the 
forage  cap,  and  'Dan,'  as  he  was  called,  coolly 
pulled  out  the  arrow,  paraphrasing  a  quotation 

from  Sir   Walter  Scott 'My    conscience,'    said 

White,  'bows  and  arrows!  Have  we  got  Robin 
Hood  and  Little  John  back  again  ?  The  sight  has 


438 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  a.  L  MAY  28,  im. 


not   been   seen    in    civilized   war    for  nearly  tw< 

hundred  years Ah!  that  Daniel  White  shoul< 

be  able  to  tell  in  the  Saut  Market  of  Glasgow  tha 
he  had  seen  men  fight  with  bows  and  arrows  in  tlu 

days  of  Enfield  rifles  !' Just  then  one  poor  fellow 

of  the  Ninety-third,  named  Penny,  raising  his  heac 
for  an  instant  above  the  wall,  got  an  arrow  right 
through  his  brain,  the  shaft  projecting  more  than  a 

foot  out  at  the  back  of  his  head One  unfortunate 

man  of  this  regiment  named  Montgomery  exposed 

himself and   before    he    could   get    down   into 

shelter  again  an  arrow  was  sent  right  through  his 
heart,  passing  clean  through  his  body,  and  falling 
on  the  ground  a  few  yards  behind  him." 

KEGINALD  HAINES. 
Uppingham. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

The  Principal  Navigations,  Voyages,  Traffiques, 
and  Discoveries  of  the  English  Nation.  By  Richard 
Hakluyt.  Vols.  V.  and  VI.  (Glasgow,  Mac- 
Lehose  &  Sons.) 

Six  months  only  have  elapsed  since  we  congratulated 
readers  in  general  and  scholars  in  particular  upon 
the  appearance  of  the  first  two  volumes  of  a  hand- 
some and  in  all  respects  adequate  and  satisfactory 
edition  of  Hakluyt's  great  work  (9th  S.  xii.  418). 
With  a  rapidity  for  which  we  are  profoundly  thank- 
ful—the more  so  since  we  dared  not  hope  for  it- 
instalments  have  succeeded  each  other  until  half  the 
completed  publication  is  in  the  hands  of  the  reader. 
At  the  present  rate  of  progress  the  whole  may  be 
anticipated  during  the  present  year.  A  boon  greater 
than  this  will  constitute  is  not  easily  conceived. 
The  book  remains,  moreover,  a  bibliographical 
treasure  and  an  ornament  to  all  shelves.  It  need 
not  be  said  that  no  diminution  of  interest  attends 
each  successive  volume,  which  still  presents  records 
of  English  enterprise  in  the  most  heroic  portion  of 
our  maritime  annals.  First  among  the  contents  of 
vol.  v.  comes  a  relation  of  the  siege  and  taking 
of  the  city  of  Rhodes  by  Sultan  Soliman,  "  the 
great  Turke,"  of  whom  a  portrait  is  given  from  a 
superb  Oriental  MS.  in  the  British  Museum  supplying 
personal  descriptions  of  the  Osmanli  sultan.  This 
"  briefe  relation  "  was  translated  out  of  French  into 
English  in  1524  at  the  instance  of  the  Reverend 
Lord  Thomas  Dockwray,  Great  Prior  of  the  Order 
of  Jerusalem  in  England.  Other  illustrations  to 
the  volume  include  a  portrait  of  Sir  Edward 
Osborne,  Lord  Mayor  in  1583,  knighted  1584,  and 
member  of  Parliament  for  the  City  of  London  in 
1586,  a  trader  to  the  Mediterranean,  and  first 
governor  of  the  Levant  Company,  from  the.  original 
at  Hornby  Castle  ;  and  one  of  Philip  de  Villiers  de 
1'Isle  Adam,  who,  among  other  dignities,  was 
Grand  Master  of  Rhodes.  Plans  of  Alexandria 
and  Constantinople,  a  sailing  chart  of  the  Medi- 
terranean, and  views  of  Turkish  and  Venetian 
merchantmen  enhance  the  value  of  the  volume,  one 
of  the  most  interesting  features  in  which  is  a 
description  of  the  yearly  pilgrimage  "of  the  Mahu- 
mitans,  Turkes,  and  Moores  unto  Mecca  in  Arabia." 
Special  interest  attends  for  the  reader  of  to-day  the 
account  by  M.  Willis  of  the  "Hand  Japan  [also 
called  Japon  and  Giapan],  and  other  little  lies  in 
the  East  Ocean."  This  land  is  described  as  "  hillie 


and  pestered  with  snow."  The  people  are  said  to- 
be  "  tractable,  civill,  wittie,  courteous,  without 
deceit,  in  virtue  and  honest  conversation  exceeding 
all  other  nations  lately  discovered."  "No  man  is 
ashamed  there  of  his  povertie,  neither  be  their 
gentlemen  therefore  less  honoured  of  the  meaner 
people."  Very  interesting  and  significant  is  all 
that  is  said.  Illustrations  to  the  volume  comprise 
portraits  of  Sir  Francis  Walsingham,  from  the 
British  Museum,  of  John  Eldred,  the  Emperor 
Akbar,  George  Fenner  ;  an  English  sailing  chart  of 
1592  ;  plans  of  Ormuz,  Egypt,  Goa,  Coast  of  Guinea  ; 
and  chart  of  Cadiz  Harbour ;  together  with  an 
entire  dispatch  of  Drake,  dated  27  April,  1587, 
giving  an  account  of  the  burning  of  the  Spanish 
ships  in  Cadiz  Harbour.  This,  of  course,  illustrates, 
among  other  things,  '  The  Portugal  Voyage,'  attri- 
buted to  Col.  Antonie  Winkfield  or  Wingfield. 
Very  spirited  reading  do  most  of  these  vogages 
constitute,  though  it  may  readily  be  conceded  that 
our  countrymen  do  not  always  show  themselves  in 
the  most  favourable  light. 

Charles  II.     By  Osmund  Airy,  M.A.    (Longmans 

&Co.) 

ORIGINALLY  published  three  years  ago  as  one  of 
the  illustrated  series  of  Stuart  monographs  of 
Messrs.  Goupil,  Dr.  Airy's  life  of  the  most  dis- 
sipated of  English  monarchs  has  been  judged 
worthy  of  being  set  before  a  general  public.  It 
now  appears,  accordingly,  in  a  handsome  and  con- 
venient form,  with  an  excellent  portrait  from 
Samuel  Cooper's  miniature  of  the  king  in  the  pos- 
session of  the  Duke  of  Richmond,  and  asks  a  place, 
at  once  to  be  accorded  it,  in  every  historical  library. 
Most  of  the  ground  covered  is  familiar  enough  to  the 
student.  Much  of  the  information  supplied,  espe- 
ially  that  concerning  the  life  of  Charles  in  his 
xileor  during  his  visit  to  Scotland,  is,  however,  not 
asily  accessible,  and  the  work  is  useful  or  pleasur- 
able for  perusal  and  reference.  It  shows  clearly 
the  influences  which  formed  the  king's  profligate 
and  despicable,  yet,  strange  to  say,  not  wholly 
unlovable  character.  An  acceptable  palliation  is 
sffered  for  his  treatment  of  the  Scots,  an  animated 
)icture  of  the  life  in  Paris  is  afforded,  and  the  state 
of  confusion  and  disruption  which  followed  the 
Restoration  is  depicted.  The  reproduction  is  in  all' 
respects  commendable.  We  wish  Dr.  Airy  would 
not  lend  his  sanction  to  a  heresy  such  as  "  byepath." 

Great  Masters.  Part  XV.  (Heinemann.) 
Miss  RAMUS,  subsequently  wife  of  a  French  ambas- 
sador to  England,  a  lady  who  lived  until  so  late  as 
848,  supplies  the  original  of  the  portrait  by  Romney,. 
rom  the  collection  of  the  Hon.  W.  F.  D.  Smith, 
,vhich  stands  first  in  order  in  the  fifteenth  part. 
'  Simplex  munditiis "  would  be  an  appropriate 
notto  for  this  lovely  picture.  'Madonna  with  the 
Green  Cushion,'  by  Andrea  Solario,  from  the- 
Louvre,  is  the  most  admired  work  of  a  painter  of 
remarkable  finish,  subject  to  many  influences, 
amidst  which  that  of  Leonardo  is  probably  the 
most  assertive.  The  face  of  the  mother  is  radiant 
with  sweetness  and  affection,  without  the  slightest 
prevision  of  the  Mater  Dolorosa ;  the  Infant  is 
decidedly  chubby.  From  the  Berlin  Gallery  comes- 
a  Dutch  interior  by  Johannes  Vermeer  of  Delft. 
With  a  single  painting  on  them,  the  walls  look 
cold.  Some  of  the  furniture  is  effective,  but  the 
chief  attraction  lies  in  the  warmly  draped  figure  of: 


10*  s.i.  MAY  28,  low.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


439 


the  man,  probably  the  painter  himself,  and  the 
woman  holding  to  her  lips  an  emptied  glass.  Last 
comes  from  the  Rijksmuseum,  of  wMch  it  is  the 
supreme  ornament,  the  misnamed  'Night  Watch' 
of  Rembrandt  van  Rhin,  "  the  greatest  treasure  of 
the  Dutch  National  Collection  of  Pictures."  In 
the  reproduction  of  this  animated  picture  the  rich 
effects  of  colour  and  the  deep  shadows  which  pre- 
sumably gained  it  its  name  are  splendidly  preserved. 
Needless  to  say  that  each  of  the  plates  is  worthy  of 
a  frame.  It  is,  however,  as  a  collection  repre- 
sentative of  what  is  best  in  early  art  that  the  chief 
claim  and  delight  of  '  Great  Masters '  will  always 
be  found. 

England's  Elizabeth  :  being  the  Memories  of  Mattheic 
Bedale.  By  his  Honour  Judge  Parry.  (Smith  & 
Elder.) 

IN  the  form  of  the  recollections  of  one  Matthew 
Bedale  Judge  Parry,  the  editor  of  Dorothy 
Osborne,  supplies  a  veracious  account  of  the  life 
of  Queen  Elizabeth,  and  especially  of  her  relations 
with  Leicester,  in  whose  household  the  narrator  or 
diarist  is  supposed  to  have  been.  The  whole  con- 
stitutes an  agreeable  romance  of  history,  and  has  a 
certain  measure  of  antiquarian  interest.  It  is 
scarcely  close  enough  to  actual  record  to  justify  us 
in  dealing  with  it  at  length,  but  may  be  commended 
to  those  who  seek  for  further  knowledge  of  an 
animated  and  terrible  period,  with  which  our  old 
and  lamented  contributor  HERMENTRUDE  used 
frequently  to  concern  herself. 

The.  Cattle -Raid  of  Cualnge  (Tain  Bo  Cuailnge): 
an  Old  Irish  Prose -Epic.  Translated  by 
L.  Winifred  Faraday,  M.A.  (Nutt.) 
THE  latest  contribution  to  the  "  Grimm  Library"  of 
Mr.  Nutt  consists  of  a  translation  of  '  The  Cattle- 
Raid  of  Cualnge'  (pronounce  Cooley),  which  is 
described  as  the  chief  story  belonging  to  the  heroic 
cycle  of  Ulster  dealing  with  the  brave  deeds  of 
Conchobar  MacNessa  and  his  nephew  Cuchulainn 
MacSualtaim.  Students  of  the 'Cuchullin  Saga,'  a 
translation  of  which  by  Miss  Hull  appears  in 
No.  VIII.  of  the  "Grimm  Library,"  are  aware  how 
important  is  this  book,  which  has  undergone  no 
such  sophistication  as  has  attended  later  works, 
such,  for  instance,  as  'The  Tragical  Death  of 
Conachor,'  to  which  the  Christian  scribe  adds 
the  conjecture  that  the  king  received  before  his 
demise  news  of  the  death  of  Christ.  The  pre- 
liminary portion  of  '  The  Cattle-Raid '  (from 
Leabhar  na  h-Uidhri)  contains  the  account  of  the 
boyish  deeds  of  Cuchulainn  (as  the  name  is 
spelt),  before  which  are  given  the  remarkable  pre- 
dictions of  Fedelm,  the  prophetess  of  Connaught. 
On  p.  35  begin  the  account  of  the  geio,  or  tabooes, 
which  the  hero  lays  on  the  principal  warriors  of 
the  invading  host,  and  the  long  list  of  slaughter. 
After  these  things  comes  a  continuation  from  the 
'  Yellow  Book  of  Lecan,'  the  whole  ending  with 
a  peace  which  endured  for  several  years,  during 
which  "  there  was  no  wounding  of  men"  between 
two  opposing  hosts.  To  those  unfamiliar  with 
these  Irish  legends  it  is  impossible  to  convey  an 
idea  of  their  nature  or  of  their  savagery.  Nothing 
we  can  say  will  lead  to  their  perusal  others  than 
those  whom  the  mere  announcement  of  their 
appearance  will  attract.  As  an  illustration  of  the 
savagery  of  the  whole  we  may  say  that  Cuchulainn, 
rousing  himself  upon  hearing  three  momentous 
blows  struck  by  Fergus,  "smote  the  head  of  each 


of  the  two  handmaidens  against  the  other,  so  that 
each  of  them  was  gory  from  the  brain  of  the  other." 

A  Register  of  the  Members  of  St.  Mary  Magda?en 
College,  Oxford.  New  Series.— Vol.  IV.,  1648- 
1712.  By  William  Dunn  Macray.  (Frowde.) 
DR.  MACRAY'S  new  volume  is  arranged  equally  well 
with  its  predecessors  ;  it  includes  the  fellows  who 
were  intruded  into  the  college  by  the  Parliamentary 
visitors  after  the  surrender  of  Oxford  and  those- 
who  were  illegally  forced  upon  the  college  by- 
James  II.  The  earlier  class,  though  their  succes- 
sion was  irregular,  were,  many  of  them,  men  of 
learning  and  high  character,  who  contrast  favour- 
ably with  most  of  James's  nominees,  many  of  whom 
seem  to  have  been  chosen  almost  entirely  on  account 
of  their  religion  being  the  same  as  that  of  the  king, 
their  agreement  with  him  being,  as  Dr.  Macray 
suggests,  in  some  cases  caused  by  motives  of  worldly 
interest. 

The  biographies  are  executed  with  care,  contain- 
ing a  great  number  of  minufce  facts  \vhieh  we  are 
very  glad  to  have  in  our  possession.  Many  correc- 
tions are  made  of  the  slips  of  former  biographers. 
Though  the  life  of  every  one  of  the  fellows  has- 
been  well  worthy  of  investigation,  yet  we  are  sure- 
Dr.  Macray  would  admit  that  very  few  of  them 
were  persons  of  any  great  eminence.  There  is  one 
noteworthy  exception.  Christian  Ravis,  the  great 
German  Orientalist,  was  made  a  fellow  of  the- 
college  in  March,  1649,  by  the  Parliamentarian- 
visitors  ;  as  well  as  being  fellow  he  was  appointed 
librarian  and  Hebrew  lecturer,  but  he  soon  vacated 
all  his  appointments,  because  he  found  so  few 
persons  in  Oxford  who  cared  for  Eastern  learning. 

The  author  possesses  a  sense  of  the  humorous  and 
the  grotesque,  which  is  notby  any  means  vouchsafed 
to  all  those  who  tread  the  bypaths  of  history.  He 
tells  a  story  of  how  the  President  and  FelloM's 
intruded  by  the  Long  Parliament,  when  they  came 
into  residence,  removed  the  figure  of  our  Saviour 
from  the  great  east  window  of  the  chapel,  but  left  re- 
maining that  of  the  Devil.  The  scene  represented  was 
probably  that  of  the  temptation  in  the  wilderness. 
"The  peril  of  idolatry,"  as  the  book  of  homilies 
calls  it,  haunted  in  those  days  the  minds  of  even 
good  and  wise  men  in  a  manner  it  is  hard  for  us  to 
realize,  but  to  which  nearly  every  old  church  in  the 
land  bears  testimony ;  but,  after  all,  we  English, 
were  not  quite  so  wild  in  our  destructiveness  as 
our  Scottish  neighbours.  We  are  told  by  a  high 
authority  that  at  the  beginning  of  the  Wars  of  the 
Covenant,  Jameson's  portrait  of  the  provost  of 
Aberdeen  was  removed  from  the"]  Sessions-house 
there  as  savouring  of  Popery.  In  1662  we  find  a 
certain  Dr.  Yerbury  discommoned  for  a  fortnight,, 
"propter  verba  tasdiosa."  We  cannot  but  feel  that 
this  wholesome  discipline  might  be  revived  in  some 
of  our  colleges  at  the  present  time  with  good  effect. 

The  Reliquary  and  Illustrated  Archaeologist.  Edited 
by  J.  Romilly  Allen.  April.  (Bemrose  &  Sons.) 
THE  contents  of  this  number  are  varied  and  in- 
teresting. The  first  article,  by  Henry  Philibert 
Feasey,  treats  on  'The  Evolution  of  the  Mitre.' 
Until  the  sixth  century  it  was  quite  plain,  when 
"John  of  Cappadocia  adorned  it  with  ornamental' 
embroidery  and  with  images  of  saints  needle- 
painted.  Formerly  its  colour  was  always  white." 
Previous  to  the  tenth  century  its  shape  was  that 
of  a  horned  or  pointed  cap,  reduced  by  the  twelfth 
century  to  a  mere  crown.  The  symbolism  of  the 


440 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  MAY  28, 1904. 


mitre  is  variously  stated,  and  Mr.  Feasey  refers  to 
the  following  as  some  of  the  suggestions  made: 
"  the  cloven  tongues  of  Pentecost,  the  two  Testa- 
ments, diverse  in  rites  and  ceremonies,  or  the 
hypostatical  union  of  Christ ;  the  mttce,  the  literal 
and  spiritual  sense  of  Scripture  ;  and  the  open  top 
and  jewellery  emblematical  of  'the  intellectual 
decoration  of  the  prelate's  head,'  and  the  richness 
of  the  knowledge  of  Scripture,  in  which  precious 
examples  of  varied  virtue  lend  their  lustre  with  the 
tissue  of  the  sacred  history."  Mr.  Alex.  Gordon 
writes  on  '  Somerset  Bench-ends.'  Ihere  are  over  a 
thousand  of  them,  many  being  in  as  fine  preserva- 
tion as  when  first  carved.  The  article  gives  the 
history  of  the  introduction  of  pews ;  this  was  a  very 
gradual  affair.  "  Portable  seats  or  stools  were  early 
in  use,  but  even  before  these  there  was  a  stone 
bench  running  round  the  whole  of  the  interior, 
except  the  east  end."  "  Large  movable  seats  got  the 
name  of  pues,  and  in  some  parts  of  England  to  this 
day  movable  seats  or  ale  benches  in  public-houses 
are  so  called.  The  word  '  pue-fellow '  was  common 
in  relation  to  the  occupier  of  same  pue,  or  a  boon 
companion."  Mr.  Gordon  states  that  "  the  earliest 
fixed  seats  in  England  (late  thirteenth  or^  early 
fourteenth  century)  are  at  Clapton,  North  Somer- 
set "  High  or  family  pews  were  introduced  at  the 
beginning  of  the  seventeenth  century.  Some  of 
these  had  a  table  and  fireplace,  also  curtains  and 
window  blinds,  so  as  to  secure  the  utmost  privacy. 
This  led  to  abuses,  and  Bishop  Corbet,  remonstrat- 
ing said,  "  There  wants  nothing  but  beds  to  hear 
the  word  of  God  on.  We  have  casements,  locks, 
keys  and  cushions — I  had  almost  said  bolsters  and 

pillows.    I  will  not  guess  what  is  done  in  them 

but  this  I  dare  say,  they  are  either  to  hide  disorder 
or  to  proclaim  pride."  In  some  of  the  closed  pews 
card-playing  was  not  uncommon,  and  the  tedium 
of  a  long  service  was  sometimes  relieved  by  light 
refreshment.  The  separation  of  the  sexes  was  con- 
eidered  of  some  importance,  and  in  1620,  at  Cripple- 
gate  Within,  a  Mr.  Loveday  was  brought  to  task 
for  sitting  in  the  same  pew  with  his  wife.  This 
•conduct  was  "  held  to  be  highly  indecent.  In  the 
sixteenth  and  seventeenth  centuries  the  young 
women  were  separated  from  the  matrons,  and  Mr. 
(Gordon  states  that  "  in  some  country  places  pews 
are  still  appropriated  to  unmarried  women."  'A 
Decorated  Medieval  Roll  of  Prayers'  is  the  subject 
of  an  article  by  W.  Heneage  Legge,  and  Mr.  Richard 
•Quick  writes  on  '  Norwegian  Hand  -  Mangles,  or 
"Fjaels"  as  they  are  locally  called.  Among  the 
notes  on  'Archaeology'  is  one  on  the  Bacon  cup, 
«old  at  Christie's  on  the  4th  of  March  for  the  sum 
of  2,50W. 

The  Rutland  Magazine  and  County  Historical 
Record.  Edited  by  G.  Phillips.  No.  6.  (Oakham, 
Matkin.) 

THE  articles  in  this  useful  magazine  are  usually 
well  written  and  contain  information  of  value  ;  the 
present  issue  shows  conscientious  research  in  every 
one  of  the  papers.  The  first,  which  is  contributed 
by  the  editor,  is  an  account  of  Egleton.  It  is  a 
small  parish  near  Oakham,  of  under  nine  hundred 
acres.  The  church  is  a  curious  building,  but  only  a 
part  of  the  original  structure.  The  south  doorway, 
chancel  arch,  and  font  are  Norman.  The  doorway 
is  very  interesting,  and  has,  so  far  as  we  can  make 
out,  been  but  little  mutilated.  The  tympanum 
bears  a  circular  ornament  which  may  be  intended 
for  the  sun,  but  this  is  extremely  doubtful.  There 


are,  moreover,  two  nondescript  animal  forms,  one 
on  each  side,  in  the  attitude  and  position  of  the 
heraldic  supporters  of  more  recent  days.  Though 
but  a  small  place,  Egleton  had  its  guild,  which  bore 
the  name  or  the  Holy  Trinity.  It  was  secularized 
in  1549,  and  its  property  gran  ted  to  Edward  Warner 
and  John  Gosnolde,  of  Eye,  in  Suffolk. 

The  '  Plough-Boys'  Play  '  is,  we  are  glad  to  hear, 
still  flourishing  at  the  little  village  of  Clipsham, 
near  the  Lincolnshire  border.  Miss  Mary  G.  Cherry 
has  preserved  a  copy,  She  tells  us  that  it  has  never 
hitherto  been  committed  to  writing.  She  says  : 
"Parts  of  it  are  evidently  very  old;  here  and 
there  one  finds  modern  innovations,  but  the  ground- 
plan  closely  resembles  the  ancient  mummers'  plays 
scattered  over  our  English  counties."  Many  of  the 
words  agree  with  what  may  be  found  elsewhere, 
and  much  of  the  feeling  is  ancient,  though  parts  are 
strikingly  modern.  It  seems  to  have  undergone  its 
last  revision  somewhat  less  than  sixty  years  ago,  for 
Free  Trade  is  mentioned,  and  there  is  a  curious 
fling  at  "  Bob  Peel,"  whose  name,  we  may  be  sure, 
stands  in  the  place  of  some  unpopular  character  01 
earlier  date. 

'  An  Unnoticed  Battle,'  by  Mr.  M.  Barton,  is  an 
account  of  the  fight  at  Empingham.  A  plan  is  given 
of  the  battlefield.  Mr.  L.  C.  Loyd  contributes  a 
paper  on  the  family  of  Ferrers  and  its  connexion 
with  Oakham. 


ia 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
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heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "  Duplicate." 

JAS.  M.  J.  FLETCHER  ("Laystall,  Leastall,  Leyre- 
stowe,  &c."). — This  word  for  a  burial-place  has  been 
discussed  at  length.  See  7th  S.  iv.  464,  531 ;  8th  S. 
viii.  65,  150,  257,  434  ;  ix.  75,  136,  272. 

DR.  F.  R.  MARVIN  ("Address  of  Prof.  Strong"). 
— That  you  supply  is  adequate. 

C.  P.  ("Elene").— As  it  stands  your  query  is  in- 
comprehensible. Where  and  how  is  she  won  at  dice  ? 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "  The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'" — Adver- 
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lisher"—at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  B.C. 

We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
communications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do  not 
print ;  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


10*  S.L  MAY  28,  19M.]  NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


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THE    HISTORY    OF   THE    PART    OF 

WEST    SOMERSET 

COMPRISING    THE    PARISHES   OF 

LUCCOMBE,  SELWORTHY,  STOKE  PEEO,  PORLOCK,  CULBONE,  &  OARE. 


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NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


441 


LOXDOX,  SATURDAY,  JUNE  It,  190U. 


CONTENTS. -No.  23. 

NOTES  :—  The  Moon  and  the  Weather,  441— Inscriptions  at 
Santa  Cruz,  Tenerife.  442— Portugalete  :  Fontarrabia,  443 
— Well-known  Epitaph,  444— Russian  Prediction — Library 
of  Madame  de  Pompadour,  445— William  III.  crowned  in 
Ireland-  The  London  Season— Sir  H.  M.  Stanley's  Natio- 
nality— Napoleon's  Power  of  Awaking  —  Natalese,  446 — 
Vanishing  London— Mayor's  Seal  for  Confirmation— Birth 
of  Euripides,  447. 

QUERIES  :  —  Paste  —  "  Purple  patch  "  —  Archbishop  Wil- 
liams, 447— Mary  Shakespere  —  Rev.  Dr.  D'Oyly — "The 
better  the  day  the  better  the  deed  " — Lines  attributed  to 
Wordsworth — Storming  of  Fort  Moro  —  Daniel  Archer — 
Inscriptions  on  Public  Buildings — Guncaster — Latin  for 
"Roping"  a  Horse — Bnglith  Channel — Hertford  Borough 
Seal — France  and  Civilization,  448  —  Gayus  Dyxon — Was 
Kean  a  Jew?— "  Tymber*  of  Ermine  "— Tituladoes— May 
Monument —"  Hen-hussey"  :  "Whip-stitch":  "  Wood- 
toter" — Anacharsis — Tynte  Book-plate,  449. 

REPLIES  :— Martyrdom  of  St.  Thomas,  450— Easter  Day  in 
1512,  452 -Birds'  Eggs— Prescriptions,  453— "  Scole  Inn," 
Norfolk— The  "Ship"  at  Greenwich,  454 — Inscriptions  at 
Orotava — Indian  Sport — Iberian  Inscriptions  in  Hibernia 
—Proverbs  in  the  Waverley  Novels— Brazen  Bijou,  455— 
*'  Send  "  of  the  Sea— Scotch  Words  and  English  Commen- 
tators—Tea as  a  Meal— "Chop-dollar"— Cleaning  Copper 
Coins  —  Bradley,  co.  Southampton,  456  —  Topography  of 
Ancient  London — Yeoman  of  the  Crown — Port  Arthur — 
Number  Superstition— "  Painted  and  popped  "—Thieves' 
Slang:  "Joe  Gurr" — A  Sexton's  Tombstone  —  William 
Willie,  457  — Cosaa  de  Espafia  —  'The  Children  of  the 
Chapel,'  458— Harepath— Raleigh's  Head,  459. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— Lord's  'Memoir  of  John  Kay'— 
Maclean's  'Literature  of  the  Highland*'  —  Nicholson's 
•  Keltic  Researches ' — '  Origines  Alphabetic*.' 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


THE  MOON  AND  THE   WEATHER. 

(See  ante,  p.  347.) 

YOUR  courteous  insertion  of  my  note  has 
called  my  attention  again  to  Dr.  Adam 
Clarke's  table,  and  it  seems  to  me  it  ought 
to  be  made  easily  available  for  reference  by 
insertion  in  your  columns.  The  last  change 
of  the  moon  was  on  7  May  at  11.50  noon,  and 
— a  coincidence — the  weather  up  to  10  May 
has  been  at  least  "  unsettled." 

If  this  table  be  really  based  on  correct 
observation,  it  should  be  preserved  as  valu- 
able in  itself ;  if  a  mere  fancy,  it  is  none  the 
less  curious  and  worth  preservation.  I 
therefore  supply  a  copy,  and  of  the  quaint 
verses  appended. 

OBSERVATIOXS  ON  THE  WEATHER 
(The  Tabula  Eudichemonica) 

or  the 

fair  and  foul  Weather  Prognosticator 
being  a  Table  for  fprtelling  the  Weather  through 

all  the  Lunations  of  each  year  for  ever. 
This  table,  and  the  accompanying  remarks,  are 
the  result  of  many  years  actual  observation ;  the 
whole  being  constructed  on  a  due  consideration  of 
the  attraction  of  the  Sun  and  Moon  in  their  several 
positions  respecting  the  earth  ;  and  will  by  simple 
inspection  show  the  observer  what  kind  of  weather 
will  most  probably  follow  the  entrance  of  the  moon 


into  any  of  her  quarters  and  that  so  near  the  truth 
as  to  be  seldom  or  never  found  to  fail. 


Moon. 


-§, 


lime  of  change. 

Between  mid- 
night and  2 
in  the  morn- 
ing   

Between  2  and 
4  morn. 

Between  4  and 
6  morn. 

Between  6  and 
8  morn. 

Between  8  and 
10  morn.  ... 

Between  10 
and  12 

At  12  o'clock 
at  noon  to 
2  P.M. 

Afternoon  be- 
tween 2  and 
4  

Between  4  and 
6  

Between  6  and 


In  Summer, 


Fair         

Cold,    with    fre- 
quent showers 

Rain        

Wind  and  rain... 

Changeable 
Frequent 
showers 


In  Winter. 

Hard  frost  unless 
the  wind  be  S. 
orW. 


Rain. 

Stormy. 

Cold  rain  if  wind 

W.  ;  Snow  if  E. 
Cold    and    high 

wind. 


Very  rainy        ...    Snow  or  rain. 
Changeable       ...    Fair  and  mild. 


Fair         

Fair  if  wind 
N.W. ;  Rainy 
if  S.  or  S.W. ... 


Between  8  and 

10     ... 
Between      10 : 

midnt.          .     Fair 


Ditto 


Fair. 

Fair  and  frosty 
if  wind  N.  or 
N.E. ;  Rain  or 
Snow  if  S.  or 
S.W. 

Ditto. 

Fair  and  frosty. 


OBSERVATIONS. 

1.  The  nearer  the  time  of  the  moon's  change, 
first  quarter,  full,  and  last  quarter,  are  to  midnight 
the  fairer  will  the  weather  be  during  the  seven 
days  following. 

2.  The  space  for  this  calculation  occupies  from 
ten  at  night  till  two  next  morning. 

3.  The  nearer  to  mid-day  or  noon,  these  phases 
of  the  moon  happen,  the  more  foul  or  wet,  the 
weather  may  be  expected  during  the  next  seven 
days. 

4.  The  space  for  this  calculation  occupies  from 
ten  in  the  forenoon  to  two  in  the  afternoon.    These 
observations  refer  principally  to  Summer,  though 
they  affect  Spring  and  Autumn  nearly  in  the  same 
ratio. 

5.  The  Moon's  Change,  First  Quarter,  Full,  and 
Last  Quarter,  happening  during  six  of  the  after- 
noon hours,  i.e.  from  four  to  ten,  may  be  followed 
by  fair  weather :  but  this  is  mostly  dependent  on 
the  wind,  as  it  is  noted  in  the  table. 

6.  Though  the  weather,  from  a  variety  of  irregular 
causes  is  more  uncertain    in    the  latter  part    of 
Autumn,  the  whole  of  Winter,  and  the  beginning 
of  Spring  ;  yet  in  the  main,  the  above  observations 
will  apply  to  those  periods  also. 

7.  To  prognosticate  correctly,  especially  in  those 
cases  where  the  wind  is  concerned,  the  observer 
should  be  within  sight  of  a  good  vane,  where  the 
four  cardinal  points  of  the  heavens  are  correctly 
placed.    With  this  precaution  he  will  scarcely  ever 
be  deceived  in  depending  on  the  table. 

8.  It  need  scarcely  be  added  that  to  know  the 
exact  time  of  the  Moon's  changes,  Quarters,  &c.  a 

correct  almanack  such  as  the  'Nautical' must 

be  procured. 

With  this  table  and  a  good  barometer,  to  what  a 
certainty  may  we  arrive  in  prognostications  con- 
cerning the  weather  !  By  these  the  prudent  man, 
forseeing  the  evil,  will  hide  himself,  and  will  feel 
the  weight  of  the  proverb,  "Make  hay  while  the 


442 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io*  s.  i.  JUNE  4, 190*. 


sun  shines."  By  not  paying  attention  to  the  signs 
and  the  seasons,  many  have  suffered,  and  charged 
God  foolishly,  because  he  did  not  change  the  laws 
of  nature  to  accommodate  their  indplence  and 

'"ft  is  said  that  the  late  Dr.  Darwin  having  made 
an  appointment  to  take  a  country  jaunt  with 
some  friends  on  the  ensuing  day,  but  perceiving 
that  the  weather  would  be  unfavorable,  sent,  as 
an  excuse  for  not  keeping  his  promise,  a  poetical 
epistle  containing  an  enumeration  of  most  of  the 
signs  of  approaching  ill -weather,  remodelling 
others.  I  subjoin  it  as  very  useful  and  a  thing 
easy  to  be  remembered. 

SIGNS  OF  APPROACHING  FOUL  WEATHER. 

The  hollow  winds  begin  to  blow  ; 

The  clouds  .look  black,  the  glass  is  low  ; 

The  soot  falls  down,  the  spaniels  sleep  ; 

And  spiders  from  their  cobwebs  peep. 

Last  night  the  sun  went  pale  to  bed, 

The  Moon  in  halos  hid  her  head  ; 

The  boding  shepherd  heaves  a  sigh, 

For  see  !  a  rainbow  spans  the  sky. 

The  walls  are  damp,  the  ditches  smell, 

Closed  is  the  pink-eyed  pimpernel. 

Hark  !  how  the  chairs  and  tables  crack  ; 

Old  Betty's  joints  are  on  the  rack, 

Her  corns  with  shooting  pains  torment  her, 

And  to  her  bed  untimely  sent  her. 

Loud  quack  the  ducks,  the  sea-fowl  cry  ; 

The  distant  hills  are  looking  nigh  ; 

How  restless  are  the  snorting  swine  ! 

The  busy  flies  disturb  the  kine. 

Low  o'er  the  grass  the  swallow  wings  ; 

The  cricket  too,  how  sharp  he  sings  ! 

Puss  on  the  hearth,  with  velvet  paws, 

Sits  wiping  o'er  her  whiskered  jaws. 

The  smoke  from  chimneys  right  ascends, 

Then  spreading,  back  to  earth  it  bends. 

The  wind  unsteady  veers  around, 

Or  settling  in  the  South  is  found. 

Through  the  clear  stream  the  fishes  rise, 

And  nimbly  catch  the  incautious  flies. 

The  glowworms,  num'rous,  clear  and  bright, 

Illum'd  the  dewy  hill  last  night. 

At  dusk  the  squalid  toad  was  seen, 

Like  quadruped,  stalk  o'er  the  green. 

The  whirling  wind  the  dust  obeys, 

And  in  the  rapid  eddy  plays. 

The  frog  has  changed  his  yellow  vest, 

And  in  a  russet  coat  is  drest. 

The  sky  is  green,  the  air  is  still, 

The  mellow  blackbird's  voice  is  shrill ; 

The  dog,  so  altered  is  his  taste, 

Quits  mutton  bones  on  grass  to  feast. 

Behold  the  rooks,  how  odd  their  flight, 

They  imitate  the  gliding  kite, 

And  seem  precipitate  to  fall, 

As  if  they  felt  the  piercing  ball. 

The  tender  colts  on  back  do  lie, 

Nor  heed  the'traveller  passing  by. 

In  fiery  red  the  sun  doth  rise, 

Then  wades  through  clouds  to  mount  the  skies. 

'Twill  surely  rain,  we  see 't  with  sorrow 

No  working  in  the  fields  tomorrow. 

Lucis. 

[With  many  verbal  differences  these  lines  are 
given  in  'The  Naturalist's  Poetical  Companion' 
(Leeds,  1833),  and  are  attributed  to  Dr.  Jenner.] 


INSCRIPTIONS  AT  SANTA  CRUZ, 
TENERIFE. 

I  SUPPLEMENT  my  list  of  inscriptions  at 
Orotava  (ante,  p.  361)  by  a  complete  list  of 
inscriptions  on  tombs  of  persons  of  English 
and  American  nationality  in  the  English 
cemetery  at  Santa  Cruz,  Tenerife,  taken  on 
7  March.  There  are,  besides,  a  few  inter- 
ments of  other  nationalities. 

1.  Lieut.-Col.  Archibald  Guthrie,  of  Ayr, 
Scotland,  ob.  at  Geneto,  Laguna,  9  Ap.,  1902, 
a.  64. 

2.  Henry  Edward,  s.  of  George  Brown,  of 
Ne]w  Cross,   Kent,  ob.  on   board   the  S.S. 
31an  Cameron,  14  Dec.,    1895,    a.   45.— The 
stone  is  decaying. 

3.  William  J.   Mitchell,  ob.  29  Dec.,  1894, 
a.  37. 

4.  Louise  Winifred,   w.  of  Alexr.  Hellier 
Berens,  ob.  at  Laguna,  18  Oct.,  1896. 

5.  Alfred  Hartridge,  of  Guernsey,  b.  3  Oct., 
1875,  ob.  at  Giiimar,  30  Sept.,  1901. 

6.  Fletcher  C.  Tonge,    ob.  24  Feb.,  1897, 
a.  39. 

7.  Colonel  Joseph  C.  Hart,  United  States 
Consul  at  the  Canary   Islands,  b.  in  New 
York,  25  Ap.,  1799,  ob.  24  July,  1855. 

8.  William  Douglas  Ferguson,   b.  2  May, 
1872,  ob.  5  Mar.,  1897. 

9.  Catherine  Eleanor  Nugent,  ob.  15  Oct., 
186[5  ?],   and  her  bro.  Wm.   Henry  Nugent, 
ob.  at  Dieppe,  17  June,  186[5?]. 

10.  Sarah  Ann  Davidson,  b.  13  Nov.,  1843, 
ob.  16  Dec.,  1851. 

Archibald  Thomas  Davidson,  b.  15  Oct., 
1840,  ob.  1  Aug.,  1866. 

11.  Lewis  Gellie  Hamilton,  b.  at  Greenock, 
Scotland,   16  July,  1798,  ob.   30  Aug.,    1872, 
a.  74. 

Selina,  w.  of  the  above,  b.  at  Funchal, 
18  Feb.,  1812,  ob.  at  Santa  Cruz,   28  Dec., 

1877,  a.  66. 

12.  Harold  Lambert  Davidson,  ob.  19  Mar., 

1878,  a.  18  months. 

13.  Lucy,  w.  of  H.  C.  Grattan,  Esq.,  1874.— 
Erected  by  G.  L.  G.,  April,  1901. 

14.  Richard    Balkwill,    ob.   22  July,    1885, 
a.  88. — Erected  by  his  shipmates. 

15.  Harrison   B.   McKaye,  United  States 
Consul  for  the  Canary  Islands,   ob.  9   Ap., 
1889,  a.  45. 

16.  Emma  Adele  Reina,  ob.  11  Feb.,  1893. 

17.  Walter  Percival  Acton  Ogle,  R.N.,  ob. 
at  Laguna,  27  July,  1891,  a.  43. 

18.  Elizabeth  Mary  Newbery,  of  Bigsweir 
House,    Gloucestershire,   b.  at    Ottery    St. 
Mary,  ob.  at  Santa  Cruz,  12  Oct.,  1880,  a.  21. 

19.  Bert  Fryer,  ob.  31  May,  1891,  a.  24. 

20.  Florence  Croft,  of  Exmouth,  3d   dau. 
of  Alfred  Croft,  ob.  30  Nov.,  1891. 


i.  JUNE  4, 1904.]          NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


443 


21.  Henry  N.  Hatchell,  of  Timperley,  ob. 

19  Dec.,  1890,  a.  24. 

22.  Cornelius    Thompson,    shipowner,   of 
Aberdeen  and  London,  ob.  at  sea  18  Jan., 
1894,  a.  51. 

23.  Walter  Herbert,    2d   s.  of   B.  V.  and 
M.    J.    Dodds,   of    Bilbao,   ob.    at   Laguna, 

2  Aug.,  1890,  a.  29. 

24.  Joseph    Train   Gray,    M.A.,  of    Edin- 
burgh,   ob.   at  Santa    Cruz,    on   board  the 
SS.  Sud  America,  9  Ap. ,  1890,  a.  52. 

25.  Josephine  Antoinette  Graham,   w.   of 
Nichold  Cambreleng,  b.  15  Aug.,   1869,   ob. 

3  Nov.,  1891. 

26.  John  Howard  Edwards,    ob.    18  Oct., 
1891. 

27.  Frances   Anne,  w.  of  the  late  George 
James  Davidson,  ob.  at  Santa  Cruz,   5  Jan., 
1884,  a.  43,  and  G.  J.  Davidson,  ob.  17  Dec., 
1883,  a.  45. 

28.  Mina,  w.  of  Robert  Godschall  Johnson, 
Esq.,  H.B.M.  Consul  for  the  Canary  Islands, 
ob.    at  Laguna,    19  June,    1862,  a.    19  yrs. 
6  months. 

29.  Mary    Elizabeth    Johnson,    d.    of  the 
late  Godschall  Johnson,  Esq.,  formerly  H.M. 
Consul  at  Antwerp,  ob.  at  Laguna,  11  Mar., 
1863,  a.  27  yrs.  11  months. 

30.  Joseph   Henry  Davidson,  ob.   19  Ap., 
1835,  a.  4 

Sarah  Ann  Davidson,  ob.  16  Dec.,  1851, 
a.  9. 

31.  Emma  Sarah,  w.  of  Charles  T.Thompson, 
Esq.,  of  Berkshire,  ob.  25  Feb.,  1846,  a.  26. 

Mary  Louisa,  2d  dau.  of  the  above,  ob. 
5  Feb.,  1846,  a.  19  days. 

32.  Elias  LeBrun,  Esq.,  of  Jersey,  40  years 
resident  in  Santa  Cruz,  ob.   19  May,  1851, 
a.   69.     Also   Susan   Poignand,   his    w.,    ob. 
29  July,  1852,  a.  63. 

33.  Joseph   Baker,    Esq.,   of   London,   ob. 
24  May,  1845,  a.  41. 

34.  Lewis  Cossart,  eldest  s.  of  Lewis  Gellie 
Hamilton   and    Selina  his  w.,    ob.    29  June, 
1858,  a.  15. 

35.  Mr.  Thomas    Clarke,   of   London,   for 

20  years  attached  to  the   house  of  Joseph 
Bishop,    Esq.,    merchant    of    London,    ob. 
28  Mar.,  1838,  a.  63. 

36.  Charles   Le    Brun,    b.  at  Santa  Cruz, 

4  July,  1818,  ob.  8  Ap.,  1874,  and  his  3  sons— 
Elias   Henry  James,  b.   29  Aug.,    1868,   ob. 
I   Jan.,  1874 ;  Charles  George,    b.   14  Aug., 
1869,  ob.   12  Jan.,   1870 ;  Charles  James,   D. 

21  June,  1873,  ob.  26  June,  1874. 

37.  George  Miller,  b.  in  London,  4  Oct., 
1868,  ob.  at  Giiimar,  26  Feb.,  1900. 

38.  James  A.  Eutherford. — No  date  or  other 
information. 

39.  Beatrice  Mary  Starey,  ob.  9  July,  1863. 


40.  Richard  Bartlett,  Esq.,  H.B.M.  Consul 
for  the  Canary  Islands,  ob.  3  Aug.,  1849. 

41.  William  Dean  Wathen,   3d   s.   of  the 
late  Wm.  Dean  Wathen,  M.R.C.S.,  of  Fish- 
guard,    Pembrokeshire,    ob.    13    Dec.,    1891r 

a.  36. 

42.  Benjamin  Tall,  of  the  Patent  Office,. 
Board  of  Trade,  London,  youngest  s.  of  the 
late  John  Tall,  of  Hull,  ob.  31  Jan.,  1896. 

43.  Alfred    Edward    Allen,    of    Enfieldr 
Midd.,  ob.  6  Ap.,  1902,  a.  48. 

44.  Henry  Alexr.  Hurst,  b.  at  Drumaness,. 
co.    Down,    Ireland,    30  Mar.,    1877,    ob.  at 
Giiimar,  13  Feb.,  1903. 

44A.  E.  T.  Johnson,  ob.  28  Mar.,  1896. 

45.  Hugh  Howard  Davidson,  ob.  22  Aug.,. 
1880,  a.  —  months. 

46.  Marianne,    w.    of    William     Dabney,- 
Consul  of  the  United  States  for  the  Canary 
Islands,  b.  in  Boston,  U.S.,  26  May,  1827,  ob. 
13  Jan.,  1879. 

47.  Matilda,  w.  of  C.  J.  Baker,  ob.  4  July, 
1876. 

48.  Robert  Welsh    Edwards,   ob.  10  May, 
1875,  a.  43. 

49.  Claudina  Ansell. — No  date. 

50.  James    Lebrun,    b.    at    Santa    Cruz, 
15  July,  1825,  ob.  at  Tacoronte,  25  Aug.,  1886. 

Louisa,  w.  of  the  above  James  Lebrun, 

b.  at  London,  8  Jan.,  1833,  ob.  at  Santa  Cruz, 
2  Ap.,  1888. 

51.  Arthur    Henry    Bechervaise,    Super- 
intendent of  the  Spanish  National  Telegraph 
Company,  ob.  12  Jan.,  1898,  a.  41. 

52.  Jane  Olive,  w.  of  W.  A.  F.  Davis,  ob, 
5  May,  1898.  ^ 

53.  Frederic  William,   husband  of   Emma 
Maud   Mollet,    late  Chief  Engineer  of    the 
Union  Co.  S.S.  Trojan,  ob.  1898. 

54.  Victor  W.  Hobson,  of  Darlington,  b. 
20  May,  1865,  ob.  9  Jan.,  1889. 

55.  Peter,    4th  s.  of  Peter    McCallum,  of 
Campbelltown,     Argyleshire,    formerly     of 
Buenos  Ayres,  ob.  at  Laguna,  25  May,  1888r 
a.  35.  G.  S.  PARRY,  Lieut.-Col. 

PORTUGALETE  :  FoNTARRABiA. — Portugalete 
is  familiar  to  thousands  of  British  skippers- 
as  the  name  of  the  village  (now  a  town)  and 
harbour  forming  the  western  side  of  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Nervion.  In  this  they 
cast  anchor  when  visiting  Bilbao,  which  owe* 
so  much  to  the  commerce  which  they  repre- 
sent, and  whence  they  will  shortly  be  able  to- 
reach  Madrid  in  seven  hours  by  the  new 
direct  railway.  It  is  generally  believed  that 
this  name  is  in  some  way  connected  with 
Portugal;  but  the  real  etymology  seems  to 
be  that  which  D.  Quirino  Pinedo,  who  has  a 
villa  at  Algorta  (the  most  westerly  Baskish- 


444 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  JUNE  4) 


-speaking  village  on  the  sea-coast  of  Bask- 
land),  on  the  other  side  of  the  rw  or  river- 
mouth,  proposed  to  me  some  time  ago.  It  is, 
namely,  from  portu,  Latin  for  harbour  (puerto 
in  Castilian),  and  halde,  aide,  which  means 
side  in  Baskish  or  Heuskara.  The  g  in  the 
name  is  a  phonetic  buffer,  keeping  the  com- 
ponent elements  apart,  and  represents  the  h 
of  halde,  corrupted  into  halete  under  Cas- 
tilian influence.  We  find  aide  meaning  side 
in  the  Baskish  New  Testament  of  Lei§ar- 
raga,  e.g.,  John  xxi.  1,  itsas  aldean=on  the 
sea-side  ;  Mark  x.  1,  Jordanaren  berte  aldeaz  = 
on  the  other  side  of  the  Jordan.  Names 
ending  in  aide  are  common  in  Baskish,  e.g., 
Larralde  =  pasture-side  ;  Elizalde  =  church- 
side.  So  Portugalete  means  simply  Port- 
side. 

Fontarrabia  is  well  known  to  all  readers  of 
-the  first  book  of  Milton's  'Paradise  Lost,' 
«1.  587  ;  and  many  people  who  have  visited 
that  village  at  the  mouth  of  the  Bidassoa, 
which  separates  French  and  Spanish  Bask 
'lands  on  the  sea  side,  will  have  thought  that 
the  great  poet  misuses  "  By  "  before  it.  For 
it  is  not  very  near  the  scene  of  Roland's 
defeat.  It  is  commonly,  but  wrongly  sup- 
posed to  owe  its  name  to  the  Arabs  and  their 
fountains.  The  Heuskarian  form  of  it,  how- 
ever, is  Ondarrabia.  This  must  have  been 
first  Fondarrabia  and  then  Hondarrabia. 
"The  Castilian  Fuenterrabia  and  the  French 
Fontarabie  have  preserved  the  initial  F,  but 
seem  to  have  been  formed  under  the  false 
impression  that  the  first  element  in  the  name 
came  from  fonte.  Other  Baskish  words  may 
be  quoted  which,  once  beginning  in  fo,  took 
h  for  /,  and  then  lost  the  aspirate.  The 
name,  then,  must  be  analyzed  thus  :  Fpn- 

•  darra  is  the  sediment,  the  deposit  of  liquids, 
the  remains,  the  sandy  strand.    Under  the 
form  hondarra  or  ondarra  this  may  be  seen 
in  many  dictionaries,  e.g.,   the  l  Diccionario 
Manual  Basco-Castellano  Arreglado  del  Dic- 
cionario   Etimologico    de    D.    P.    Novia    do 
Salcedo'  (Tolosa,  1902),  where  it  is  defined 
(p.   242) :    "  Arena ;   arenal ;  desecho,  sobra, 
residue ;    hondarras,  heces,    hondo,   residue, 
sobra."     Fondarra   is    derived    from    Latin 
fund(d},  through  Castilian  fond(o)— bottom, 
and  to  the  same  source  is  the  postposition 
hondo,    ondo  =  behind,    after,    near,    to    be 
ascribed. 

The  termination  arra  means  that  which 
belongs  to,  the  dweller  in,  the  frequenter 
of.  The  two  shores  at  Fuenterrabia  remain 
as  the  sediment  of  the  sea  arid  the  river.  And 
as  evidence  of  the  evaporation  of  the  Baskish 

•  language    there    is    the    shortening    of    the 
.name  of  this  particular  place.     In  2  Cor. 


xi.  25,  the  words  in  profwndo  maris  of  the 
Vulgate  Latin  became  en  la  profonde  mer 
in  Calvin's  French,  and  itsas  hundarrean=iu 
the  depth  of  the  sea,  in  Lei9arraga's  Baskish. 
Here  we  see  the  u  of  fundus  remaining,  and 
a  euphonic  e  before  trie  locative  case  of  the 
definite  article  a  postpositive.  In  Acts  xxvii. 
28  hundarrera  occurs  twice,  in  the  phrase 
rendering  /jtoAtVavrts.  The  end  of  the  triple 
compound  is  fo'a=two,  a  popular  shortening 
of  biga.  The  latter  form  thereof  is  common 
in  Leigarraga's  N.T.  of  1571,  reprinted  with 
almost  perfect  accuracy  at  Strassburg  in 
Elsass  in  1900,  and  with  amendments  at 
Oxford  in  1903.  Biga  is  commonly  shortened 
not  only  into  bia,  but  into  bi  also.  In 
St.  Mark  x.  8,  while  the  determinate  or 
articulate  form  of  bia,  i.e.,  biac,  repre- 
sents 01  8vo  at  the  beginning  of  the  verse, 
the  indefinite  Svo  at  the  end  is  rendered 
biga.  I  have  heard  Basks  explain  the 
name  as  meaning  "  the  nest  on  the  strand," 
as  if  the  second  part  came  from  abia,  which 
derivative  of  Latin  cavea  means  both  cage 
and  birdsnest  in  their  language.  But  the 
most  characteristic  feature  of  the  place,  that 
which  must  have  struck  the  ancient  mariner 
long  before  the  picturesque  high  street  and 
church  arose,  is  that  which  gave  it  its  name, 
the  two  sandy  strands. 

EDAVARD  S.  DODGSON. 

A  WELL-KNOWN  EPITAPH.  —  Under  the 
above  heading  I  discussed  at  9th  S.  ii.  41  the 
Greek  epitaph 

/cat  crv  Ti5x?7,  jueya   ^aipere.  TOV  Xifj.ev' 


OuSev  f/Jiol  ^  V/MV,  Trou^ere  TOV?  /J.fr'  e/xe, 


and  gave  five  instances  of  Latin  versions  by 
writers  of  the  days  of  the  revival  of  learning 
and  onwards,  very  similar  to  each  other,  but 
differing  in  particulars. 

With  reference  to  one  of  those  versions  — 
that  marked  in  my  note  as  (a)  —  a  correspond- 
ent   from    St.  Austins,    Warrington  —  MB. 
ROBERT   PIERPOINT  —  was  good    enough    to 
point  out,  in  a  private  letter  to  me   under 
date  30  March,  1901,  that  "  it  occurs  again 
on  p.  419"  of  Chytrseus'  work,  ed.  2  [s.l.  1599], 
"and  that  on  p.  405  is  the  following  :  — 
Invent  portum,  dum  tu  jactaris  in  alto. 
Eventu  ut  simili  fac  tua  navis  eat." 

The  facts  are  so. 

The  corresponding  references  to  the  first 
edition  of  Chytrseus  (1594)  are  respectively 
p.  542  (the  headings  being  '  Regiomonti 
Borussise  '  and  '  Borussica'  [sc.  Monumenta]  : 
with  the  subheading  'Quies')  and  p.  524 
(the  monument  being  one  raised  in  memory 


io»  s.  i.  JUXE  4, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


445 


"M.  Samuelis  Calandri,"  who  died  in  1580, 
by  his  widow  and  children,  and  its  local 
position  being  given  as  '  Stralsundii  in 
Mariano  ;). 

My  main  object,  however,  now  is  to  call 
attention  to  a  far  earlier,  and  indeed  classical, 
version,  which  I  have  come  across  during  a 
recent  visit  to  Rome.  It  forms  the  inscrip- 
tion on  a  sarcophagus  brought  from  Casal 
Rotondo,  on  the  Appian  Way,  and  now  placed 
in  the  Museo  Profano  of  the  Lateran, 
Room  XIV.,  Xo.  895.  The  inscription  itself, 
copied  exactly  as  it  stands,  runs  as  follows  : 

D  T  M  T  S  T  L  T  ANNIVS  T  OCTAVI  VS  T  VALERIANVS  T 
EVASI  T  EFFV  GI  T  SPES  T  ET  T  FORTVNA  T  VALETE  T 
NIL  T  MIHIT  VO  VISCVM  T  EST  T  LVDIFICATE  T  ALIOST 

That  is  :— 

Dis    Manibus   sacrum.     Lucius  Annius   Octavius 

Valerianus. 

Evasi :  effugi :  Spes  et  Fortuna  valete  : 
Nil  mihi  vobiscum  est.    Ludificate  alios. 

RICHARD  MORTON  SMITH. 
Athenaeum  Club. 

A  RUSSIAN  PREDICTION. — Under  the  above 
heading  the  following  remarkable  statement 
appeared  in  Le  Temps  of  18  May,  having 
been  sent  to  that  well-known  Paris  journal 
by  a  Russian  publicist  as  a  curiosity  and  a 
symptom  of  the  peculiar  atmosphere  in  which 
the  middle  classes  of  the  Russian  empire  live 
at  the  present  time  : — 

"People  still  talk  much  about  the  departure  of 
the  Emperor  for  the  seat  of  war.  VVith  reference 
to  it  there  is  brought  forward  a  prediction  made  by 
St.  Serafim,  of  Sarof,  whose  body  was  solemnly 
interred  last  year  in  a  church  specially  constructed 
to  receive  it.  This  personage,  who  had  lived  in 
the  desert  of  Sarof,  and  was  venerated  during  his 
lifetime  as  a  prophet  and  a  worker  of  miracles, 
died  about  seventy  years  since.  After  his  death  it 
was  noticed  that  the  water  of  a  well  near  which  he 
was  accustomed  to  pray  cured  illnesses,  and  the 
place  became  a  resort  of  numerous  popular  pil- 
grimages. In  this  way  Father  Se'rafim  acquired 
great  renown,  and  the  Church,  having  ascertained 
the  reality  of  the  miracles  which  had  been  wrought 
near  his  tomb,  canonized  him.  When  the  transla- 
tion of  his  ashes  took  place  last  year,  the  Emperor 
and  the  Imperial  family  were  present ;  and  it  was 
the  Tsar  himself  and  three  Grand  Dukes  who 
carried  the  precious  burden  to  the  church  destined 
to  receive  it.  The  Empress  Alexandra  Feodorovna, 
who  has  become  very  pious  for  a  long  time  past, 
herself  designed  the  patterns  for  the  curtains  and 
decorations  which  cover  the  place  where  the 
remains  of  the  saint  rest. 

"Amongst  the  predictions  of  St.  Se'rafim  is  the 
following  :  The  year  which  shall  follow  the  transla- 
tion of  my  ashes  into  a  church,  a  terrible  war  will 
break  out  against  Russia,  which  will  cause  much 
evil.  And  the  Tsar  will  go  to  the  war,  and  I  will 
go  with  him,  and  we  will  tear  the  Englishwoman's 
apron  (fe  tablier  de  V  Anglaise). 

"This   prediction   was    told   me   last   July.    I 


remember  it,  and  the  Emperor  must  also  remember 
it,  and  that  will  compel  him  to  go  to  the  seat  of 
war.  I  have  also  heard  this  prediction  commented 
upon  in  certain  Court  circles,  where  great  import- 
ance is  attached  to  the  promise  of  the  saint  to 
accompany  the  Tsar  to  the  war.  As  for  the  apron 
of  the  Englishwoman  which  will  be  torn,  that  does 
not  necessarily  imply  a  war  with  England.  The 
Englishwoman's  apron  may  very  well  mean  Japan, 
with  which  England  has  covered  herself  in  order 
to  make  war  upon  Russia.  In  the  country,  even 
among  the  upper  classes,  it  is  asserted  that  Father 
Se'rafim  was  no  other  than  the  Emperor  Alex- 
ander I.,  who,  to  exculpate  himself  even  from  the 
involuntary  part  which  he  had  in  the  assassination  of 
his  father  the  Emperor  Paul  L,  entered  a  religious 
order  and  passed  his  old  age  in  the  desert  of  Sarof. 
"  It  is  for  that  reason,  they  say,  that  the  Emperor 
and  the  Imperial  family  took  part  in  the  translation- 
of  the  saint  s  remains." 

In  this  connexion  attention  may  be  called' 
to  chap,  xxviii.  of  Gleig's  '  Life  of  Arthur, 
Duke  of  Wellington,'  wherein  are  circumstan- 
tially related  the  two  attempts  on  the  duke's 
life  while  he  commanded  the  allied  troops 
in  France  after  the  Waterloo  campaign.  The 
first  was  the  setting  on  fire  of  the  duke's 
hotel  in  Paris  on  the  night  of  25  June,  1810  ;. 
the  second  was  Cantillon's  ineffectual  pistol- 
shot  at  the  duke  as  he  was  leaving  Sir  Charles- 
Stuart's  dinner,  11  February,  1818. 

"Of  the  source  in  which  this  second  attempt 
originated  [says  Mr.  Gleig]  there  could  be  no  doubt. 
The  Republicans  or  Bonapartists  (for  they  were 
now  united)  gradually  wrought  themselves  up  to  a 
state  of  rabid  excitement.  They  received  great 
encouragement  from  the  Emperor  Alexander  of 
Russia,  who,  raised  to  the  throne  under  appalling; 
circumstances,  and  married  to  an  amiable  princess, 
with  whose  tastes  his  own  could  never  agree,  fell, 
as  years  grew  upon  him,  into  a  morbid  state." 

The  murder  of  the  Emperor  Paul  will  be 
found  related  in  '  N.  &  Q.,'  9th  S.  v.  23. 

J.  LORAINE  HEELIS. 
Penzance. 

THE  LIBRARY  OF  MADAME  DE  POMPADOUR. 
— The  Publishers'  Circular  of  the  28th  of 
May,  under  the  above  heading,  has  the 
following : — 

"  There  was  found  the  other  day  in  Paris  under 
a  heap  of  dust-covered  books  the  auction  catalogue 
of  Madame  de  Pompadour's  library.  The  mar- 
chioness died  at  Versailles  on  April  4,  1764,  and 
her  effects  were  dispersed  under  the  hammer  of  the 
commissaire-priseur  the  following  year,  of  which 
the  catalogue  in  question  bears  the  date.  On  almost 
every  page  are  marginal  notes  of  the  prices  paid 
for  the  various  books.  For  instance,  the  original 
edition  of  '  Le  Theatre  de  Moliere,'  which,  if  offered 
for  sale  at  the  present  day,  would  be  worth 
10,000fr.,  was  sold  for  only  6  livres  10  sols,  equiva- 
lent to  little  more  than  5  fr.  '  L'Eperon  de  Disciple,' 
by  Du  Saix,  published  in  1532,  the  binding  of  which 
bore  the  arms  of  the  marchioness,  was  disposed  of 
for  only  5  livres,  whereas  a  copy  of  the  same  book 
fetched  as  much  as  890  fr.  in  a  recent  auction  at 


446 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         cio-  s.  i.  JUNE  4,  190*. 


the  Hu'.el  des  Ventes.  The  library  comprised  206 
theological,  76  juridical,  511  scientific  and  artistic 
books,  3,434  volumes  in  the  domain  of  polite  litera- 
ture, and  4,892  historical  works." 

F.  C.  J. 

WILLIAM  III.  CROWNED  IN  IRELAND.— The 

*  Memoires  Inedits  de  Dumont  de  Bostaquet, 
<Geutilhomme    Normand,'    edited     by    MM. 
Uharles  Read  and   F.  Waddington  (a   book 
mentioned  in  9th  S.  xi.  87),  contains  in  the 
introduction    (p.   xxxix)    the    following  re- 
marks : — 

"  Revenons  maintenant  a  notre  auteur.  Nous 
1'avons  laisse"  au  moment  ou,  apres  la  victoire  de  la 
Boyne,  il  allait  se  mettre  en  marche  du  cot6  de 
Drogheda,  a  la  poursuite  de  1'ennerni,  et  bientot  du 
cote  de  Dublin.  II  y  arrive  et  assiste,  le  dimanche 
>6  juillet,  au  service  divin  dans  la  cathedrale,  ou 
•4tait  le  roi,  '  auquel  on  mit,  dit-il,  la  couronne  d'lr- 
lande  sur  la  tete  avec  les  ceremonies  accoutumees.' 
Macaulay  releve  cette  circonstance  et  dit  que : 

*  Dumont   est    le    seul    qui    fasse   mention    de    la 
•couronne.' " 

EUGENE  F.  McPiKE. 
Chicago,  U.S. 

THE  LONDON  SEASON. — 

"  London  becomes  a  mere  blank  after  the  4th  of 
June.  Nobody  remains  in  Town  ;  it  is  too  hot,  too 
suffocating !  Everybody  therefore  retires  to  their 
seats,  if  they  have  them  ;  and  the  rest  fly  to  Mar- 
gate, Ramsgate,  and  Brighton,  those  capacious 
i-eceptacles."  —  '  Anecdotes  of  the  Manners  and 
Customs  of  London  during  the  Eighteenth  Cen- 
tury,  with  a  Review  of  the  State  of  Society  in 

1807,'  by  James  Peller  Malcolm,  second  edition,  1810, 
vol.  ii.  p.  423. 

Possibly  the  fact  that  the  4th  of  June  was 
the  birthday  of  George  III.  had  something 
to  do  with  the  desertion  of  London  by  that 
date  in  the  early  part  of  the  nineteenth 
century.  Nowadays  the  London  season  is 
supposed  to  end  some  seven  weeks  later. 

ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 

SIR  H.  M.  STANLEY'S  NATIONALITY.— The 
following  letters  from  the  Daily  Neivs  seem 
worth  reprinting  in  the  pages  of  'N.  &  Q.' 
for  the  benefit  of  future  historians.  On 
13  May  this  communication  appeared  : — 

Thirty-two  years  ago  a  discussion  that  arose  as 
to  the  nationality  of  the  then  Mr.  Stanley  was 
deemed  to  have  shown  that  he  was  a  Welshman. 
In  the  Daily  News  of  27  August,  1872,  however,  was 
published  the  following  letter  to  myself,  in  which 
Mr.  Stanley  made  quite  a  different  claim  :— 

London,  August  22. 

My  Dear  Ollivant,— A  thousand  thanks  for  your 
letter  and  clippings.  If  I  were  to  answer  all  the 
letters  that  I  have  received  about  such  questions  as 

ii  j  v  Journal  propounds,  I  should  certainly  be 
called  an  idiot,  and  deservedly  so.  I  care  not  what 
anybody  writes  about  me,  nor  do  I  intend  to  notice 
them.  If  English  or  Welsh  folks  are  so  gullible  as 
to  believe  all  the  "rot"  they  read  about  me  I 
cannot  help  it— nor  have  I  a  desire  to  help  it  in 


any  way.  But  for  you,  and  such  kind  friends,  I  say 
I  am  an  Anierican,  and  can  prove  it  by  over  ten 
thousand  friends  in  the  United  States.  The  letter 
in  the  Rhyl  Journal  is  all  bosh.  I  never  knew  a 
man  named  Evans,  nor  have  I  ever  sung  a  Welsh 
song — not  knowing  anything  of  the  language.  My 
name  is  neither  Thomas,  Rowlands,  Smith,  Jones, 
nor  Robinson,  but  plain  Henry  M.  Stanley.  At 
sixteen  I  was  in  Missouri,  at  seventeen  in  Arkansas, 
at  eighteen  in  New  Orleans,  at  nineteen  in  Europe 
travelling,  at  twenty  in  the  war,  and  so  on. 
Yours,  &c., 

(Signed)  HENRY  M.  STANLEY. 
CHARLES  OLLIVANT. 
The  Ranche,  Bath,  11  May,  1904. 

Mr.  Ollivant's  second  letter  was  printed  in 
the  Daily  Neivs  of  19  May  : — 

Referring  to  my  letter  in  your  journal  of  Friday 
last,  13th  in^t.,  I  write  to  correct  an  erroneous  im- 

Eression  it  appears  to  have  made,  viz.,  that  in  my 
elief  Sir  H.  M.  Stanley  was  an  American.  I  cer- 
tainly was  under  that  impression  when  I  first 
received  the  letter  from  the  then  "  plain  Henry  M. 
Stanley."  But  shortly  after  its  appearance  in  the 
Daily  News,  27  August,  1872,  Lord  Granville  had 
the  documents  placed  before  him  proving  Mr. 
Stanley  to  be  a  native  of  Wales.  I  sent  his  letter 
for  republication  in  your  journal  simply  as  a  curious 
historical  document,  there  being  no  question  what- 
ever as  to  his  being  a  Welshman. 

CHARLES  OLLIVANT. 
The  Ranche,  Bath,  17  May. 

HERBERT  B.  CLAYTON. 
39,  Renfrew  Road,  Lower  Kennington  Lane. 

NAPOLEON'S  POWER  OF  AWAKING. — Amongst 
the  curiosities  in  the  possession  of  the  late 
Princess  Mathilde  was  an  excellent  alarum 
clock,  made  in  1810  by  the  famous  clock  maker 
Abraham  Breguet  for  the  Emperor  Napoleon. 
It  is  a  perfect  piece  of  clockmaking,  the  best 
alarum  ever  made  by  Breguet,  and  considered 
by  him  to  be  his  masterpiece.  However,  the 
fact  of  its  existence  puts  an  end  to  the  long- 
existing  legend  that  the  Emperor  could  wake 
from  sleep  at  any  given  moment  he  willed. 

This  reveille-matin  is  simply  of  bronze,  gilt 
and  chased ;  but  it  has  no  fewer  than  eight 
dials :  these  indicate  the  real  time,  mean 
time,  phases  of  the  moon,  seconds,  days  of 
the  week  and  of  the  month,  the  month  and 
the  year.  It  is  provided  with  a  small  metal 
thermometer,  and  strikes  the  hours  and 
quarters.  It  accompanied  the  Emperor  on 
his  campaigns  in  Russia  and  France. 

J.  LORAINE  HEELIS. 

Penzance. 

[MR.  H.  B.  CLAYTON  is  thanked  for  an  account  of 
this  clock  from  the  Daily  Chronicle  of  12  May.  ] 

NATALESE. — The  Natal  Witness  of  16  April 
speaks  of  Natalese  as  a  synonym  for  the 
colonial-born  English  and  Boers  in  Natal,  in 
place  of  the  more  usual  Natalians.  The 
former  word  seems  more  strictly  in  analogy 


i.  JUNE  4, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


447 


•with  the  usual  mode  of  forming  names  of 
peoples  than  the  latter,  and  is,  I  should 
imagine,  the  first  instance  of  such  a  word 
having  been  formed  with  the  termination  -ese 
directly  in  English  itself.  Natal  was,  of 
course,  the  first  name  of  the  territory, 
Natalia  being  only  introduced  as  a  name  for 
the  republic  founded  by  the  Boer  Voor- 
trekkers  in  1838,  and  annexed  by  England  as 
"  Port  Natal  and  district "  in  1842.  Has  the 
termination  ever  occurred  in  English  in 
connexion  with  the  name  of  any  European 
people  save  the  Portuguese?  When  is  it  first 
found  as  a  plural  termination?  Milton  writes 
of  Ohineses.  I  imagine  that  "  Natalese  "  is  a 
coinage  of  the  writer  of  'Notes  about  Town' 
in  the  Natal  Witness,  for  though  I  see  the 
paper  regularly,  I  never  saw  the  expression 
before.  It  is,  therefore,  worth  recording. 

H.  2. 

VANISHING  LONDON. — To  the  many  land- 
marks scheduled  for  disappearance  from  the 
fashionable  quarters  of  the  town  must  now  be 
added  select  and  old-established  "Thomas's 
Hotel,"  which  was  wont  to  nestle  cosily  in 
the  north-eastern  corner  of  Berkeley  Square. 
Upon  its  front  a  board  is  exhibited,  which 
bears  ominous  testimony  to  attentions  at  the 
hands  of  some  "  demolishing  and  excavating 
contractor,"  who  would  seem  to  have  already 
operated  upon  the  hotel's  interior.  This 
definition  for  the  prosaic  "  house-breaker " 
certainly  strikes  one  as  novel— as  original, 
indeed,  as  that  of  "road  scarifier"  to  indicate 
the  mender  of  our  streets.  Whether  a  new 
and  glorified  "  Thomas's  "  is  to  arise  upon  its 
former  site  I  know  not.  Or  are  we  to  have 
yet  another  block  of  palatial  flats,  after  the 
pattern  of  so  many  which  prevail  in  the 
immediate  vicinity  ?  CECIL  CLARKE. 

Junior  Athenaeum  Club. 

MAYOR'S  SEAL  FOR  CONFIRMATION.  —  In 
1331  a  man  obtained  the  use  of  the  seal  of 
the  Mayor  of  Oxford,  because  his  own  seal 
was  "  unknown  to  most"  (Boase,  'Register  of 
Exeter  College,'  O.H.S.,  p.  xviii).  I  have  seen 
a  deed,  dated  in  June,  1775,  dealing  with  two 
tenements  in  the  parish  of  St.  Laurence, 
York,  to  which  the  seal  of  the  Lord  Mayor 
of  York  is  affixed,  and  an  explanation  is 
given  that, 

"  because  the  seals  of  the  [grantors]  are  to  most 
persons  unknown,  I,  John  Allanson,  esq..  Lord 
Mayor  of  the  said  city,  at  their  special  instance  and 

request have caused  the  seal  of  the  office  of 

mayoralty  of  the  said  city  to  be  hereunto  affixed." 

W.  C.  B. 

EURIPIDES,  DATE  OF  HIS  BIRTH.— In  the 
very  interesting  'History  of  Greek  Lite- 


rature,' by  Dr.  F.  B.  Jevons,  of  Durham 
University,  we  are  told  (p.  220)  that  "  Euri- 
pides was  born  B.C.  485,  in  the  island  of 
Salamis,  where  his  parents,  with  the  rest 
of  the  Athenians,  had  taken  refuge  on  the 
approach  of  the  Persians." 

Now  it  is  indeed  stated  by  ancient  authors 
that  the  poet  was  born  at  Salamis  whilst 
Athens  was  in  the  occupation  of  Xerxes ; 
but  the  date  of  that  event  was  B.C.  480,  the 
first  year  of  the  seventy-fifth  Olympiad, 
Callias  being  archon.  The  '  Parian  Chro- 
nicle '  places  the  birth  of  Euripides  five  years 
earlier,  in  the  fourth  year  of  the  se\renty- 
third  Olympiad,  during  the  archonship  of 
Philocrates.  That  would  correspond  to 
B.C.  485,  but  not  to  the  year  of  the  invasion 
of  Greece  by  Xerxes.  W.  T.  LYNN. 

Blackheath. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

PASTE  — Will  any  one  kindly  send  us  an 
early  quotation  for  "anchovy  paste"  or 
"shrimp  paste"?  A  friend  whose  memory 
goes  back  to  1840  says  he  has  known 
"anchovy  paste"  all  his  life.  But  we  have 
as  yet  no  examples  before  1890. 

J.  A.  H.  MURRAY. 

"  PURPLE  PATCH."  —  When  did  the  ex- 
pression "purple  patch"  or  "purple  pas- 
sage" in  reference  to  literary  style  come 
into  use  ?  It  is  apparently  a  quotation  from 
some  modern  literary  critic. 

J.  A.  H.  MURRAY. 

JOHN  WILLIAMS,  ARCHBISHOP  OF  YORK.— I 
have  found  among  some  old  papers  three 
drafts  of  letters  entirely  in  the  handwriting 
of  Archbishop  Williams.  Two  are  addressed 
to  the  king,  and  one  to  Prince  Rupert.  The 
letter  to  Prince  Rupert  is  signed,  and  dated 
30  Dec.,  1642;  and  the  first  letter  to  the  king 
is  probably  of  that  date  also,  being  written 
upon  the  same  folio  sheet.  The  date  of  the 
second  letter  to  the  king  can,  by  internal 
evidence,  be  fixed  at  about  20  April,  1643. 
They  are  long  letters,  and  of  considerable 
interest,  especially  the  last,  which,  in 
astonishingly  forcible  language,  takes  the 
king  to  task  for  political  and  military  errors. 
The  key-note  lies  in  one  of  the  concluding 
sentences:  "I  write  in  the  phrase  of  the 
time,  roundly e  and  boldly  e."  Can  any  one 
tell  me  whether  any  of  these  letters  were 


448 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io*  s.  i.  JUNE  4,  im 


dispatched,  and,  if  so,  whether  originals  or 
transcripts  exist  ?      CHARLES  L.  LINDSAY. 
97,  Cadogan  Gardens,  S.W. 

MARY  SHAKESPERE. — I  find  among  some 
family  documents  that  a  certain  Anne  Prat- 
tenton  or  Prattington,  daughter  of  Joseph 
Prattenton,  of  Clear-land,  near  Hartlebury, 
Worcester,  married  John  Chattock,  of  Castle 
Bromwich,  Warwickshire.  Her  mother  was 
Mary  Shakespere.  Can  any  of  your  readers 
inform  me  who  this  Mary  Shakespere  was, 
and  what  relationship  she  bore  to  the  great 
poet?  She  was  born,  I  should  think,  some 
time  in  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury. A.  J.  C.  GUIMARAENS. 

REV.  DR.  G.  D'OYLY.— This  learned  eccle- 
siastic was  many  years  rector  of  Lambeth, 
a  founder  of  King's  College,  London,  &c.  Is 
there  a  lineal  descendant  of  his  now  living  ? 

W.  W.  J. 

"  THE  BETTER  THE  DAY  THE  BETTER  THE 

DEED."— It  has  been  suggested  that  this  old 
adage  ought  to  read,  "  The  better  the  day 
the  better  the  deed  should  be."  Is  there 
any  warrant  for  this  version  ? 

J.  L.  HEELIS. 
Penzance. 

LINES    ATTRIBUTED    TO    WORDS  WORTH.  —  I 

should    be  glad    to    know  the  author  and 
source  of  the  following  lines,  descriptive  of 
an  artist,  which  are  given  in  a  book  of  quo- 
tations as  by  Wordsworth,  but  which  cannot 
be  traced  in  any  of  his  known  works  : — 
He  is  a  being  of  deep  reflection— one 
That  studies  Nature  with  intensest  eye  ; 
Watching  the  works  of  air,  earth,  sea,  and  sun — 
Their  motion,  altitude,  their  form,  their  dye, 
Cause  and  effect. 

BlRKENHEAD. 

STORMING  OF  FORT  MORO.— I  shall  be  ex- 
tremely obliged  if  any  one  can  give  me 
details  of  the  storming  of  Fort  Moro  during 
the  siege  of  Havana  in  August,  1762.  A  tra- 
dition, handed  down  for  many  years  in  my 
family,  states  that  an  ancestor  of  mine,  named 
Wiggins  (or  O'Higgins  ?),  was  the  first,  or  one 
of  the  first,  through  the  breach  (one  of  the 
forlorn  hope),  and  was  presented  on  the  field 
with  a  pair  of  colours.  Another  runs  that 
Wiggins,  or  O'Higgins,  secured  the  enemy's 
colours,  was  made  a  present  of  them,  and 
given  a  captaincy  on  the  field.  I  have  for  some 
time  tried  to  get  trustworthy  information, 
and  have  perused  the  Gentleman's  Magazine 
and  '  Annual  Register,'  but  though  they  give 
general  information,  they  do  not  give  details. 
I  should  be  very  glad  to  learn  where  1  could 
obtain  particulars.  W.  L.  HEWARD. 


DANIEL  ARCHER.  —  Could  SARUM,  who 
answers  MR.  PINK'S  query  as  to  the  Right 
Hon.  John  Smith,  Speaker  (ante,  p.  412),  tell 
me  anything  about  the  youngest  brother  of 
Lord  Archer — Daniel  Archer,  born  1703] 
He  was  related  to  the  Speaker  through  his 
sister  Lady  Dashwood,  whose  daughter 
married  Andrew  Archer,  father  of  Lord 
Archer,  Henry,  and  Daniel. 

LAUNCELOT  ARCHER. 

INSCRIPTIONS  ON  PUBLIC  BUILDINGS. — Can 
you  refer  me  to  some  book  on  inscriptions 
carved  on  public  buildings'?  I  am  wanting 
to  put  some  passage  from  English  or  Latin 
authors  on  a  village  club  and  institute,  and 
cannot  find  anything  which  I  consider 
suitable.  A.  S.  McCARA. 

Warley  House,  Halifax. 

GUNCASTER.  —  A  vicar  of  Upton,  near 
Windsor,  then  in  the  diocese  of  Lincoln,  in 
the  thirteenth  century  came  from  Guncaster. 
Can  some  one  kindly  identify  this  place  ?  Afr 
present  the  nearest  guess  is  Gumcester 
(Godmanchester),  but  the  word  Doncaster,  by 
a  flourish  of  the  quill,  can  also  resemble 
Guncaster,  especially  if  the  original  record  ia 
worn  and  faint.  R.  B. 

Upton. 

LATIN  FOR  "  ROPING  "  A  HORSE.  —  la 
the  Roman  circus  the  art  of  "  roping "  a 
horse  was  well  known  arid  frequently  prac- 
tised. There  is  a  Latin  phrase  for  this — 
something  like  "  Equo  signum  dare,"  or 
words  to  that  effect.  What  is  the  exact 
phrase?  RESERVE  OF  OFFICERS. 

THE  ENGLISH  CHANNEL. — How  old  is  the 
French  name  of  the  English  Channel,  i.e., 
La  Manche?  Does  it  antedate  the  English 
term?  J.  DORMER. 

HERTFORD  BOROUGH  SEAL. — The  inscrip- 
tion upon  the  old  seal  of  the  borough  reads 
thus  : — 

+  R  '  D  '  G  '  THE  •  SEALE  '  OF  '  THE  ' 
BOROVGHE  '  TOWNE  *  OF  '  HART  '  FORDE 

Can  any  one  explain  the  meaning  of  the 
letters  R.  D.  G.  ?  In  the  centre  of  the  seal 
is  a  hart  standing  in  water  in  front  of  a 
castle.  This  form  of  seal  was  in  use  before 
the  time  of  Elizabeth.  MATILDA  POLLARD. 
Belle  Vue,  Bengeo. 

FRANCE  AND  CIVILIZATION.  —  A  young 
writer  in  the  Academy,  1  May,  p.  527,  calls 
France  "  the  most  highly  civilized  country  in. 
the  world."  Will  somebody  with  years  on 
his  shoulders,  who  knows  his  planet,  express 
an  opinion  on  the  subject  ?  ST.  SWITHIN.  . 


io«-  s.  i.  JUNE  4, 1904.]          NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


449 


GAYUS  DYXON,  OF  TONBRIDGE,  KENT, 
GENTLEMAN,  1565.— William  Hervy,  Claren- 
ceux,  granted  a  confirmation  of  arms  and 
also  granted  a  crest  to  the  above  in  the  year 
named .  Is  anything  known  of  Gayus  Dyxon, 
his  ancestors  and  his  descendants?  Is  this 
the  first  recorded  use  of  the  name  of  Dyxon 
or  Dixon  1  Can  any  one  give  me  the  address 
of  the  Rev.  William  M.  Oliver,  M.A.,  in  whose 
possession  is  the  original  of  this  confirmation 
of  arms,  according  to  the  late  Dr.  Howard, 
Maltravers  Herald  Extraordinary  ? 

RONALD  DIXON. 

46,  Marlborough  Avenue,  Hull. 

WAS  EDMUND  KEAN  A  JEW?— The  notice 
of  Kean  in  the  '  Encyc.  Brit.'  states  that  his 
"  reputed  father  "  was  one  Aaron  Kean,  whose 
brother's  name  was  Moses  Kean  ;  that  he 
possessed  brilliant  talents  and  an  interesting 
countenance  ;  and  that  he  made  his  debut  at 
Drury  Lane  in  Shylock,  which  "roused  the 
audience  to  almost  uncontrollable  enthu- 
siasm." Jews  have  always  shown  a  generic 
attachment  to  the  stage.  Josephus  tells  us 
of  the  friendship  he  formed  with  Alityrus,  a 
famous  Roman  mime ;  and  Moses  Kean  (the 
uncle  of  Edmund),  who  was  himself  a  mimic 
and  ventriloquist  and  entertainer,  possibly 
for  professional  reasons  in  those  less  tolerant 
times,  softened  his  name  Cohen  to  Kean,  and 
so  partly  disguised  the  true  springs  of  his 
birth.  In  that  case  Herbert  Spencer's  doc- 
trine of  "unconscious  cerebration"  was  largely 
effective  in  Kean's  role  of  Shylock. 

M.  L.  R.  BRESLAR. 

[There  seems  little  doubt  that  Kean  had  a  Jewish 
strain.] 

"  TYMBERS  OF  ERMINE."— In  the  Issue  Roll 
of  Thomas  de  Brantingham,  p.  257,  there  is 
an  entry  that  a  certain  citizen  sold  to  King 
Edward  III.  "ten  tymbers  of  Ermine"  for 
forty  marks.  Can  any  one  give  me  an  expla- 
nation of  that  term  1  AYEAHR. 

TITULADOES. — In  the  census  for  Ireland  of 
1659  the  names  of  the  more  distinguished 
occupants  of  townlands  and  streets  are 
entered  under  the  above  designation,  which 
is,  I  believe,  of  Saxon  origin.  I  should  be 
glad  to  know  its  exact  meaning  and  deriva- 
tion. CHARLES  S.  KING,  Bt. 

St.  Leonards-on-Sea. 

MAY  MONUMENT.  —  Can  any  one  tell  me 
what  has  become  of  Dame  Mary  May's 
monument,  which  used  to  be  inside  the  north 
wall  of  Midlavant  Church,  about  three  miles 
from  Chichester  ]  She  was  the  widow  of  Sir 
John  May,  Knt.,  of  Rawmere,  and  died  in 
1681.  Horsfield,  in  his  'History  of  Sussex,' 


describes  the  monument,  and  there  is  a 
sketch  of  it  in  Add.  MS.  No.  5675  in  the 
British  Museum,  drawn  by  S.  H.  Grirnm  in 
or  about  1783.  I  have  met  with  people  by 
whom  it  has  been  seen  ;  but  in  1873  it  was 
gone,  and  there  is  no  trace  of  it.  It  was  a 
reclining  figure  on  the  usual  substructure, 
life  size,  and,  judging  by  S.  H.  Grimm's 
sketch,  rather  gracefully  designed. 

" HEN-HUSSEY " :  "WHIP-STITCH":  "Wooo- 
TOTER." — When  I  was  a  boy,  somewhat  more 
than  half  a  century  ago,  at  Portsmouth,  in 
New  Hampshire,  we  had  a  family  servant 
(American  born)  whose  vernacular  "  smacked 
of  the  soil."  One  or  two  of  her  objurgatory 
phrases  still  linger  in  my  memory.  She 
would  at  times,  in  a  very  forcible  manner, 
denounce  me  as  a  "  hen-hussey  "  or  a  "  whip- 
stitch." I  should  like  to  know  if  these  words 
are  in  use  in  England  to-day. 

During  the  war  for  the  Union  I  was  for  a 
while  in  the  sounds  of  North  Carolina.  Being 
ashore  at  Plymouth  one  day,  I  observed  a 
darkie  coming  down  the  street  with  a  bundle 
of  wood  on  his  head.  Another  darkie,  wish- 
ing to  speak  with  him,  had  called  out  to  him, 
and,  not  being  heard,  the  latter  raised  his 
voice  and  exclaimed  :  "  Look  a  hear,  you  dar 
—you  wood-toter  dar  ! "  The  word  "  tote," 
meaning  "  carry,"  was  so  common  at  the 
South  that  it  is  said  that  a  boy  learning  to 
add  would  phrase  it  thus  :  "  Put  down  7  and 
tote  4."  FRANK  WARREN  HACKETT. 

1418  M  Street,  Washington,  D.C. 

ANACHARSIS. — A  letter  addressed  to  Lady 
Charlotte  Campbell,  circa  1815,  signed  Ana- 
charsis,  has  been  endorsed  in  a  later  hand 
"Duke  of  Argyle."  Is  this  identification 
correct  ?  One  passage  may  assist,  if  it  is  not 
already  known  : — 

"  The  cursed  thing  is  the  money  always,  or  I 
would  make  an  hospital  at  Rome  for  decayed 
purses  and  discontented  and  disappointed  agreeable 
people.  I  intend  to  struggle  hard  with  the  world 
till  forty,  and  then  to  succumb  with  good  grace  and 
float  down  the  stream  of  time  like  a  dead  cat  in 
the  Thames." 

ALECK  ABRAHAMS. 
39,  Hillmarton  Road,  N. 

TYNTE  BOOK-PLATE.— I  have  a  book-plate 
of  "James  Tynte,  Esqr,  1704,"  in  which  the 
quarterings  on  the  shield  seem  wrongly 
arranged ;  for  1  and  4  are  Worth,  Argent, 
a  cross  raguly  sable  ;  and  2  and  3  are  Tynte, 
Gules,  a  lion  couchant  argent  between  _  six 
cross-crosslets  of  the  second.  Over  all  is  a 
shield  of  pretence  bearing,  Sable,  three  bulls' 
heads  coupe.  The  crest  is  an  arm  in  armour 
embowed,  holding  in  the  hand  a  fragment  of 


450 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io*  s.  i.  JUNE  *,  1904. 


a  spear  butt  downwards.  Beneath  the  shield 
is  the  motto  "  Crucetn  Ferre  Dignum."  To 
what  families  do  the  shield  of  pretence,  the 
crest,  and  the  motto  belong?  I  may  say 
that  neither  the  crest  nor  the  motto  belongs 
to  the  Tynte  family.  This  James  Tynte  was 
of  the  Irish  branch  of  that  family. 

CROSS-CROSSLET. 


MARTYRDOM  OF  ST.   THOMAS.. 
(10th  8.  i.  388.) 

THERE  is  an  ancient  painting  of  the 
martyrdom,  on  a  board,  hung  on  a  column 
near  the  tomb  of  Henry  IV.  in  Canterbury. 
Gervase  states  that  two  volumes  of  miracles 
performed  by  the  relics  of  Becket  were  pre- 
served at  Canterbury.  These  were  doubtless 
destroyed  by  Henry  VIII. 's  order. 

Some  of  the  marvels  performed  by  the 
saint  are  pictured  on  the  painted  windows 
of  Trinity  Chapel,  Canterbury. 

With  regard  to  his  relics  Stanley  says  :— 

"A  tooth  of  his  is  preserved  in  the  church  of  San 
Thomaso  Cantuariense  at  Verona,  part  of  an  arm 
in  a  convent  at  Florence,  and  another  part  in  the 
church  of  S.  Waldetrude  at  Mons ;  in  Fuller's  time 
both  arms  were  displayed  in  the  English  Convent 
at  Lisbon  ;  while  Bourbourg  preserves  his  chalice, 

Douay  his  hair  shirt,  and  S.  Omer  his  mitre 

His  story  is  pictured  in  the  painted  windows  at 
Chartres,  Sens,  and  S.  Omer,  and  his  figure  is  to  be 
seen  in  the  church  of  Monreale  at  Palermo." 

Within  seven  years  of  the  martyrdom  the 
Abbey  of  Aberbrothock  was  raised  by 
William  the  Lion  to  the  memory  of  the 
saint. 

I  find  in  '  Letters  and  Papers,  Foreign  and 
Domestic,  Henry  VIII.'  (arranged  by  Jas. 
Gairdner),  under  date  1536,  re  visitation  of 
the  monasteries,  these  two  notices  : — 

"Nuns  of  S.  Mary's,  Chester Here  they  have 

the  girdle  of  S.  Thomas  of  Canterbury." 

"  Carlisle  Monastery Prior  Christopher  Slye. 

'cTmu  e  c%  have  the  sword  with  which 
b.  Inomas  01  Canterbury  was  murdered." 

In  the  seventh  volume  of  '  Materials  for  the 
History  of  Thomas  Becket,'  edited  by  Robert- 
son  and  Sheppard,  notices  of  miracles  will 
be  found  on  pp.  524,  533,  565,  566,  578. 

In  '  Letters,  &c.,  Hen.  V11I.,'  there  is  men- 
tion, under  date  15  August,  1538,  of  the 
receipt  by  Sir  Wm.  Goryng  from  Wm. 
Humfre,  one  of  the  churchwardens  of  "  Wys- 
borowe  Green,"  of  certain  relics  of  St.  Thomas, 
viz.,  vestments,  the  cloak  in  which  St.  Thomas 
was  martyred,  and  blood  ;  also  his  "Chvmer." 

in  Chronica  Monasterii  de  Melsa,'  by 
Ihomas  de  Burton,  edited  by  Edward  Bond, 


reference  is  made  to  a  vision  of  St.  Thomas 
which  appeared  during  a  storm  to  the  sailors 
on  some  ships  of  Richard  I.  bound  for  the 
Crusades  (date  1190).  Two  other  saints 
appeared  with  him,  St.  Edmund  the  King 
and  St.  Nicholas.  CHR.  WATSON. 

Cotton  MSS.  Titus  E  viii.,  a  pen-and-ink 
sketch  of  the  shrine  at  Canterbury. 

Royal  Coll.  MS.,  in  'Queen  Mary's  Psalter' 
(fourteenth  century)  is  a  complete  series  of 
outline  sketches  illustrative  of  the  martyr's 
life. 

In  Holy  Cross  Church,  Stratford-pn-Avon, 
the  prelate  is  represented  as  celebrating  Mass. 

At  St.  John's,  Winchester,  the  martyrdom 
forms  one  of  a  series  of  wall  paintings. 

At  Stoke  d'Abernon  the  same  scene  is 
depicted,  as  also  in  a  panel  formerly  hung  over 
Henry  Iv.'s  tomb  at  Canterbury,  and  still 
preserved  there. 

At  Stoke  Charity,  Hants,  is  a  good  figure 
of  the  saint. 

In  the  '  Passio  Martyris  Thome  Cantuarien- 
sis  Archiepiscopi,'  left  by  William  de  Wyke- 
ham  to  Winchester  College,  is  an  illumina- 
tion of  the  archbishop  in  full  pontificals ;  and 
there  is  a  small  but  well-executed  figure  of 
the  saint  on  a  brass  of  Prior  Nelond,  Cow- 
fold,  Sussex. 

MR.  EDWARD  PEACOCK  contributed  a  num- 
ber of  notes  on  this  subject  to  the  Tablet, 
July  6,  1895.  NATHANIEL  HONE. 

1,  Fielding  Road,  Bedford  Park,  W. 

MR.  H.  SNOWDEN  WARD  may  find  the 
following  references  regarding  St.  Thomas 
of  Canterbury  of  service. 

Arbroath  Abbey,  dedicated  to.  —  Dublin 
Revieiv,  April,  1900,  283. 

Bologna,  picture  of,  at. — Ibid.,  January, 
1893,  66. 

Cahors.  church  dedicated  to,  now  destroyed. 
— E.  H.  Barker,  'Wanderings  by  Southern 
Waters,'  132. 

Chartres,  picture. — A.  J.  C.  Hare,  'South- 
Eastern  France,'  10. 

Dedications,  'N.  &  Q.,'  8th  S.  vii.  277.— 
Cumberland,  1.  Durham,  1.  Essex,  2.  Kent, 
2.  Lincolnshire,  7.  Northumberland,  1.  York, 
2.  Forfarshire,  1  (Archceological  Review, 
ii.  279). 

Amcotts,  Lincolnshire. — The  chapel  of  ease 
at  this  place  was  dedicated  to  St.  Thomas 
of  Canterbury,  but  when  it  was  rebuilt  about 
the  middle  of  the  last  century  this  was 
altered  to  St.  Mark,  in  compliment  to  an 
important  farmer  who  had  for  a  Christian 
name  that  of  the  second  Evangelist.  I  have 
heard  that  the  earlier  dedication  has  been 
restored,  but  am  not  sure  of  this. 


io*s.i.JrxE4>i904.]          NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


451 


Deed  dated  from  the  martyrdom  of 
St.  Thomas.— W.  D.  Macray, '  Magdalen  Coll., 
Oxford,'  122. 

Feast  of,  a  forbidden  holiday. — Southey, 
*  Commonplace  Book,'  ii.  56. 

Landernau,  Brittany,  church  dedicated  to. 
— E.  H.  Barker,  '  Wayfaring  in  France,'  298. 

Lead  tokens. — Archaeologist,  xxxviii.  132. 

Martyrdom  on  altar  frontal. — Ibid.,  Hi.  288. 

Martyrdom  on  fresco,  Preston,  Sussex.— 
Ibid.,  xxiii.  316. 

Martyrdom  on  mazer  belonging  to  the  Gild 
of  Blessed  Virgin  Mary  of  Boston. — Peacock, 
'  Church  Furniture,'  195. 

Miracles. — 'Materials  for  History  of  Thomas 
Becket,'  edited  by  J.  C.  Robertson  (Rolls 
Series),  ii.  21-465. 

Oxford,  well  at. — "Gentleman's  Magazine 
Library":  'English  Topography,'  vi.  166. 

Paris,  Notre  Dame,  chapel  in. — Winkles, 
'French  Cathedrals,'  61. 

Pageants. — Archceologia,  xxxi.  207 ;  Archceo- 
logia Cantiana,  xii.  34. 

St.  Lo,  church  now  desecrated. — H.  Gaily 
Knight,  in  his  'Architectural  Tour  in  Nor- 
mandy' (1836),  p.  123,  gives  an  interesting 
account  of  the  reason  why  it  was  dedicated 
to  the  English  martyr. 

Seals. — Archceologia,  x.  386 ;  xi.  87  ;  xvi. 
339 ;  xxvi.  298. 

Sens  Cathedral,  chapel  and  picture. — [J.  R. 
Best]  'Four  Years  in  France,'  197;  A.  J.  C. 
Hare,  '  South-Eastern  France,'  5. 

Stained  glass.  —  "Gentleman's  Magazine 
Library":  ' Ecclesiology,'  147;  Archceologia, 
ix.  368  ;  x.  50,  334. 

Verona,  church  dedicated  to.  —  Webb, 
'  Continental  Ecclesiology,'  255  ;  Archceologia 
Cantiana,  x.  24. 

Venice,  St.  Sylvester,  picture.  —  Webb, 
'Continental  Ecclesiology,'  293. 

Venice,  St.  Zaccaria,  picture. — Ibid.,  284. 

Well.— Mackinlay,  'Folk-lore  of  Scottish 
Lochs  and  Springs,'  146. 

Worcester  Cathedral,  chapel  in.  —  Foxe, 
'  Acts  and  Monuments,'  iii.  235. 

EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

Wickentree  House,  Rirton-in-Lindsey. 

Messrs. Traill  and  Mann's  'Social England,' 
vol.  i.  of  illustrated  edition,  pp.  375  and  393, 
gives  reproductions  of  an  illumination  of  the 
martyrdom,  probably  early  fifteenth  century, 
in  MS.  Jul.  A.  xi.  ;  of  a  restored  drawing 
from  the  painting  on  wood  in  Canterbury 
Cathedra]  ;  of  the  beautiful  reliquary  in 
Limoges  enamel,  belonging  to  Hereford 
Cathedral  ;  of  the  glass  medallion  in  Canter- 
bury Cathedral  showing  the  shrine  ;  of 
Becket's  grace  cup,  now  belonging  to  the 
Duke  of  Norfolk,  the  Howards  having 


received  it  from  Queen  Katherine  of  Aragon  ; 
and  of  his  vestments  at  Sens. 

There  is  a  vigorous  drawing  by  Matthew 
Paris,  with  Ed  ward  Grim  holding  the  crosier, 
in  MS.  C.C.C.  Camb.  XXVI. 

A  sculptured  representation  of  the  martyr- 
dom, over  the  south  door  of  Bayeux  Cathedral, 
dates  from  about  twenty  years  after  St. 
Thomas's  death. 

The  three  surviving  thirteenth -century 
windows  in  the  Trinity  Chapel  of  Canterbury 
Cathedral,  close  to  the  site  of  the  shrine,  are 
entirely  devoted  to  depicting  the  miracles  of 
the  martyr. 

The  beautiful  window,  1330  or  thereabouts, 
of  St.  Lucy's  Chapel  in  the  south  transept  of 
Christ  Church  Cathedral  in  Oxford,  contains 
a  representation  of  the  martyrdom,  the  head 
of  the  saint  having  been  knocked  out  and 
replaced  with  white  glass.  Also  in  the 
library  of  Trinity  College  (a  legacy  from  the 
monastic  Durham  College,  which  occupied 
the  same  site  before  the  Dissolution)  may  be 
seen — among  the  charming  fifteenth-century 
glass — the  cracked  figure  of  Becket,  with  the 
fragment  of  Fitzurse's  dagger  sticking  in  the 
forehead. 

The  only  contemporary  portrait  appears  to 
be  the  figure  on  his  archiepiscopal  seal ;  but 
a  mosaic  in  the  cathedral  of  Monreale,  Sicily, 
is  known  to  have  been  completed  under  the 
superintendence  of  King  William  II.  the 
Good,  who  married  in  1177  Joan,  daughter  of 
Henry  II.  and  Eleanor  of  Aquitaine. 

St.  Thomas's  Hospital  in  Southwark  is, 
perhaps,  the  most  splendid  memorial  of  the 
martyr ;  and  at  the  Dissolution  the  Mercers' 
Company  erected  their  hall  and  chapel  on  the 
site  of  the  Beckets'  old  house  in  Cheapside, 
which  had  been  transformed  by  the  arch- 
bishop's sister  into  a  hospital,  to  be  served 
by  canons  who  were  also  knights  of  the 
Order  of  St.  Thomas  of  Acre. 

Anciently  the  festival  of  the  Holy  Trinity 
was  kept  on  different  days  in  different  parts 
of  Christendom.  Becket,  when  archbishop, 
ordered  that  it  should  henceforth  be  kept  in 
England  upon  the  first  Sunday  after  Pente- 
cost, the  day  of  his  consecration,  and  in  1333 
the  whole  Western  Church  adopted  the 
English  usage. 

Many  of  our  older  churches,  now  nomin- 
ally dedicated  to  St.  Thomas  the  Apostle,  are 
in  reality  dedicated  to  St.  Thomas  of  Canter- 
bury. The  ancient  church  of  St.  Thomas  the 
Martyr  in  Oxford,  close  to  the  G.W.R. 
station,  apparently  was  originally  dedicated 
to  St.  Nicholas,  a  dedication  which  was 
revived  when  Henry  VIII.  dethroned  the 
'oriner  saint.  It  appertained  to  Oseney 


452 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io*  s.  L  JUNE  4,  MM, 


Abbey,  which  occupied  the  site  of  the  present 
station  and  its  immediate  neighbourhood. 
At  Salisbury  is  a  picturesque  church  dedi- 
cated to  the  martyr,  with  a  curious  fresco  of 
the  Resurrection  over  the  chancel  arch. 

A.  R.  BAYLEY. 

The  seal  of  Beauchief  Abbey  shows  the 
murder  of  Becket,  and  engravings  of  it  may 
be  seen  in  Mr.  S.  O.  Addy's  book  on  that 
house ;  see  also  the  Reliquary  (Old  Series), 
vii.  202,  205,  for  the  seal  and  an  altarpiece 
on  the  same  subject.  Many  more  instances 
may  be  found  by  means  of  the  'Index  to 
Arckceologia,  i.-l.,'  under  Becket  and  Thomas. 

W.  C.  B. 

The  seal  of  Langdon  Abbey,  Kent,  bore  a 
representation  of  the  martyrdom  in  Canter- 
bury Cathedral,  with  the  inscription  (temp. 
Dugdale's  Continuators),  CAVSA  .  DOMVS  .  XPI  . 
MORTEM,  si....  JOHN  A.  RANDOLPH. 

There  is  a  valuable  representation,  in 
glass,  of  St.  Thomas  a  Becket  —  "the  only 
martyr  of  his  century,"  as  Cardinal  Newman, 
in  his  'Lives  of  the  English  Saints,'  calls 
him — and  of  St.  Thomas  of  Hereford,  in  the 
church  at  Credenhill,  near  Hereford.  The 
figures  are  perfect,  about  fifteen  inches  in 
height,  surrounded  by  quarries  and  a  border. 
Both  are  in  vestments,  with  mitre,  pastoral 
staff  in  left  hand,  right  hand  being  erect. 
Legend  above  records  their  names.  The 
work  appears  to  be  early  fourteenth  century 
(F.  P.  Havergal  in  the  Antiquary,  July,  1882, 
p.  39). 

The  Rev.  S.  Baring-Gould,  in  his  '  Lives  of 
the  Saints,'  says  St.  Thomas  is  represented 
in  art,_  erroneously,  as  martyred  in  full 
archiepiscopal  canonicals  before  the  high 
altar  (ed.  1877,  *  December,'  p.  403). 
^  In  connexion  with  Woodspring  Priory,  in 
Somersetshire,  a  curious  circumstance  which 
occurred  at  Kew  Stoke  Church  was  noted  at 
a  meeting  of  the  Somersetshire  Archaeological 
and  Natural  History  Society  in  August,  1881. 
A  stone  of  unusual  appearance  was  noticed, 
which,  on  its  removal,  disclosed  a  recess 
containing  a  vessel  partly  filled  with  a 
substance  apparently  blood.  This  is  sup- 
posed to  have  been  a  relic  of  St.  Thomas  of 
Canterbury,  removed  from  Woodspring,  and 
secreted  at  the  dissolution  of  the  priory  in 
the  hiding-place  in  which  it  was  found. 

Dr.  F.  G.  Lee,  in  a  letter  to  the  Antiquary 
for  January,  1881,  says  that  when  he  was  at 
Oxford  in  1850-9 

"  there  was  a  perfect  representation  of  this  most 
holy  saint  and  martyr  in  one  of  the  windows  of 
Bt.  Michaels  Church  in  that  city.  He  was 
represented  m  full  pontificals,  and  with  a  crozier  in 


his  right  hand Prior  to  the  year  1842  there  was 

a  fragment  of  the  head  of  the  same  saint  in  one  of 
the  north  windows  of  the  choir  of  the  prebendal 
church  of  Thame,  Oxfordshire ;  but,  with  the 
fragments,  it  was  then  destroyed,  and  the  window 
was  filled  with  plain  white  quarries.  Anciently 
Thame  Church  owned  a  relic  of  the  saint,  but  it 
was  stolen  by  the  visitors  of  Edward  VI." 

St.  Thomas  a  Waterings,  a  former  place 
of  execution  on  the  Old  Kent  Road,  was  so 
called  from  a  brook  or  spring  dedicated  to 
St.  Thomas  a  Becket  (see  further  Cunning- 
ham's 'London,'  s.v.). 

J.   HOLDEN  MAcMlCHAEL. 

In  Knight's  'Old  England,' vol.  i.,  fig.  411 
is  a  reproduction  of  a  painting  of  the  martyr- 
dom of  Thomas  a  Becket  in  the  Chapel  of 
the  Holy  Cross,  Stratford. 

At  Bramfield,  in  this  county,  where  he  was 
one  of  the  early  rectors,  is  a  pond  known 
as  Becket's  Pond,  the  water  of  which  he  is 
traditionally  reported  to  have  used  in  brew- 
ing some  excellent  beer. 

MATILDA  POLLARD. 

Belle  Vue,  Bengeo. 

There  is,  or  was,  a  representation  of  the 
death  of  Thomas  a  Becket  in  fresco  in  the 
old  church  at  Preston,  near  Brighton,  but 
it  is  many  years  since  I  saw  it.  BRUTUS. 

If  MR.  WARD  will  consult  the  General 
Indexes  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  he  will  find  references 
to  '  Guernsey  Charms  on  St.  Thomas's  Day  ' 
(21  December),  '  Going  a-Goodiug,'  some- 
where called  "  Mumping,"  or  otherwise 
begging  alms  or  kind  for  various  purposes, 
with  the  customs  at  different  places  on  that 
day.  He  will  also  find  accounts  of  St. 
Thomas's  Hospital,  the  shrine  of  St.  Thomas 
at  Madras,  and  a  church  in  Vintry  Ward, 
burnt  at  the  Fire  of  London  (1666),  and  not 
rebuilt.  To  any  of  these  articles  I  can  refer 
him  should  it  be  necessary. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

EASTER  SUNDAY  IN  1512  AND  1513  (10th  S.  i. 
388). — The  old  Julian  reckoning  was  univer- 
sally observed  in  the  Christian  Church  in 
those  years.  Easter  Day  in  1512  fell  on 
11  April,  and  in  1513  on  27  March.  D,  C  (the 
second  to  be  used  in  finding  Easter),  and  B 
are  the  Sunday  letters  for  those  years,  the 
Golden  Numbers  12  and  13.  All  these  will 
be  found  tabulated  in  '  L'Art  de  verifier  les 
Dates.' 

As  the  Gregorian  style  was  not  introduced 
into  the  Roman  calendar  until  1582,  I  am  at 
a  loss  to  imagine  what  "  valuable  work  of 
reference"  is  alluded  to  by  M.  C.  L.  as  giving 
8  April  for  the  date  of  Easter  in  1513.  In. 


io*8.i.JrsE4,i9M.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


453 


that  year  the  Paschal  full  moon  occurred  on 
21  March,  which  by  the  Gregorian  reckon- 
ing would  have  been  called  31  March. 
Easter  Day  would  be  the  Sunday  after,  i.e., 
the  day  which,  by  the  Julian  reckoning 
(then  universally  followed),  was  called 
27  March,  and  by  the  Gregorian  (had  it  then 
been  used)  would  have  been  called  6  April. 
8  April,  stated  by  M.  C.  L.  as  given  by  some 
work  which  he  does  not  name,  was  an 
impossible  date,  not  being  a  Sunday  by 
either  reckoning.  In  actual  fact,  then, 
Easter  Day  fell  on  the  same  day  in  1513  by 
both  the  Julian  and  the  Gregorian  reckon- 
ings. A  similar  agreement,  I  might  mention, 
occurred  in  1702  —  Easter  falling  by  both 
reckonings  on  the  same  real  day,  though  it 
was  called  by  the  Old  Style  5  April,  and 
by  the  New  16  April,  the  difference  then 
being  eleven  days,  as  it  was  when  the  style 
was  changed  in  England  in  1752. 

W.  T.  LYNN. 
Blackheath. 


^.  J.  DORMER,  the  REV.  C.  S.  WARD,  and 
E.  W.  B.  give  the  same  dates  as  MR.  LYNN.] 

BIRDS'  EGGS  (10th  S.  i.  327,  372).—  MR.  E.  P. 
WOLFERSTAN  seems  to  think  the  "grass- 
hopper warbler  "  a  rarer  bird  than  it  was, 
certainly,  some  years  ago,  even  in  Northern 
England,  where  I  found  its  nest  and  dimly 
speckled  eggs  on  not  a  few  occasions.  One 
would  have  imagined  the  smart  business 
capacity  of  the  buyer  of  the  warbler's  eggs 
from  the  old  woman  was  a  detail  that  would 
have  been  better  kept  in  the  background. 

B. 

PRESCRIPTIONS  (10th  S.  i.  409).—  I  remember 
coming  across  a  learned  disquisition  on  the 
mysterious  hieroglyphics  which  adorn  medical 
prescriptions.  It  was  therein  stated  that 
the  initial  R  was  not  onjy  a  contraction  of 
Recipe,  but  also  represented  the  astrological 
sign  for  Jupiter.  This  induces  the  quaint  re- 
flection that  the  twentieth-century  physician 
still  relies  upon  the  benevolence  of  a  pagan 
deity  for  the  efficacy  of  his  pills  and  potions. 
I  think,  too,  the  sign  for  a  scruple  (etymo- 
logically  a  little  rock)  was  understood  to  be 
half  that  hot-cross  bun  which  conventionally 
represents  the  earth—  it  resembles,  by  the 
way,  the  reversed  minuscule  epsilon  used  in 
some  tenth-century  MSS.  as  a  contraction  of 
ejus.  Whether  the  minim  sign  was  traced  to 
the  zodiacal  Scorpio  I  forget,  but  it  seems 
that  the  denarius  or  drachm  was  at  one  time 
represented  by  an  approximation  to  the 
hieroglyphic  for  Pisces.  At  least,  in  Darem- 
berg's  '  Celsus  '  the  latter  weight  appears  as 
two  brackets  joined  by  a  hyphen  )-(,  copied 


presumably  from  the  oldest  (tenth-century) 
MS.  In  this  edition  of  that  Roman  physi- 
cian's works  the  sextans  is  indicated  by  a  z  or 
=  (like  R.  Recorde's  mathematical  symbol  of 
equivalence) ;  the  triens  by  zz,  or  =  =  ;  and 
the  ounce  by  so  plain  a  dash,  — ,  that  it 
cannot  claim  even  a  distant  cousinship  with 
the  delightful  curlie-wurlie  in  whose  artistic 
delineation  doctors  nowadays  display  such 
professional  skill.  J.  DORMER. 

According  to  a  writer  in  the  Saturday 
Review  of  20  March,  1875,  p.  380,  the  R  with 
which  physicians'  prescriptions  usually  begin, 
and  which,  as  they  use  it,  is  simply  the  first 
letter  of  the  Latin  word  Recipe  =  take  (i.e.  the 
following  ingredients  in  the  quantities 
ordered),  is  to  be  seen  in  Egyptian  medical 
papyri  dating  some  2,000  years  B.C.  as  the 
symbol  of  Ra,  and  means,  "  In  the  name  of 
Ra"  or  "O  Ra,  god  of  life  and  health,  inspire 
me."  Can  any  Egyptian  scholar  confirm  this 
statement  or  explode  it  ? 

MICHAEL  T.  SADLER. 

Dr.  J.  A.  Paris,  in  his  '  Pharmacologia/ 
1843,  says  :— 

"  Even  those  salutary  virtues  M'hich  many  herbs 
possess  were,  in  times  of  superstitious  delusion, 
attributed  rather  to  the  planet  under  whose 
ascendency  they  were  collected  or  prepared  than 
to  any  natural  and  intrinsic  properties  in  the 
plants  themselves  ;  indeed,  such  was  the  supposed 
importance  of  planetary  influence,  that  it  was- 
usual  to  prefer  [sic]  to  receipts  a  symbol  of  the 
planet  under  whose  reign  the  ingredients  were  to  be 
collected  ;  and  it  is,  perhaps,  not  generally  known, 
that  the  character  which  we  at  this  day  place  at 
the  head  of  our  prescriptions,  and  which  is  under- 
stood to  mean  nothing  more  than  Recipe,  is  in  fact 
a  relict  [sic]  of  the  astrological  symbol  of  Jupiter, 
as  may  be  seen  in  many  of  the  older  works  on 
pharmacy ;  although  it  is  at  present  so  disguised 
by  the  addition  of  the  down  stroke,  which  converts 
in  into  the  letter  R,  that  were  it  not  for  its  cloven 
foot  we  might  be  led  to  question  its  supernatural 
origin.  In  later  times  the  heathen  symbols  were 
dropped,  and  others  substituted  to  propitiate  the 
favour  and  assistance  of  heaven." — Pp.  20-21. 

See  also  Dr.  Otto  A.  Wall  at  considerable 
length  in  the  Chemist  and  Dmgqist  for 
25  July,  1891,  on  'Jupiter  and  Prescriptions,' 

pp.  159-61.  J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

See  1st  S.  i.  399 ;  7th  S.  xii.  428,  498 ;  8th  S.  i. 
114;  but  very  much  more  information  is 
desirable  on  the  origin  and  date  of  the  marks 
used  to  designate  weights  and  measures  in 
medical  prescriptions. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

Any  pharmacist  whose  acquaintance  AlR. 
INGLEBY  happens  to  possess  will  show  him 
a  copy  of  Dr.  Pereira's  'Selections  from 


454 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io*  s.  i.  JUNE  4, 1904. 


Physicians'  Prescriptions.'  Therein  will  be 
found  exhaustive  particulars  of  the  signs 
referred  to. 

Many  years  ago  I  wrote  a  little  work  on 
the  subject  (long  out  of  print),  from  which  I 
make  the  following  extract : — 

"It  would  take  too  long  to  enter  into  a  descrip- 
tion of  the  old  cabalistic  symbols  used  by  the  fathers 
of  chemistry,  but  I  may  mention,  as  a  comparison 
with  the  strictly  scientific  aspect  of  present-day 
pharmacy  and  nomenclature,  that  these  strange  old 
signs,  so  far  as  can  be  shown,  were  arbitrarily 
chosen,  and  for  the  greater  part  without  regard  to 
any  prior  meaning. 

"The  seven  common  metals  were  supposed  to  be 
connected  in  some  mysterious  way  with  the  seven 
.greater  heavenly  bodies,  and  the  same  symbol  was 
applied  to  each  heavenly  body  as  to  its  appropriate 
metal.  Rodwell,  in  the  'Birth  of  Chemistry,' 
says :— 

'"How  the  symbols  conferred  upon  the  planets, 
and  afterwards  the  metals,  arose,  it  is  difficult  to 
.say.  They  are,  undoubtedly,  of  Chaldean  origin ; 
but  to  what  extent  they  have  since  been  modified, 
no  one  can  tell.' 

"  Fire  was  represented  from  a  very  early  period 
by  a  triangle.    Its  antagonistic,  water,  haa  for  its 
symbol  the  same  figure  inverted.     Air  was  denoted 
by  a  modification  of  the  symbol  for  fire,  while  the 
fourth  element  of  the  ancient  philosophers  had  for 
its  symbol  that  of  air  inverted.     These  symbols 
seem  to  be  closely  associated  with  the  doctrine  of 
Aristotle,  who  taught  that  the  four  elements  had 
each  two  qualities,  one  of  which  was  common  to 
some  other  element.    He  said : — 
Fire  is  hot  and  dry, 
Air  is  hot  and  moist, 
Water  is  cold  and  moist, 
Earth  is  cold  and  dry. 

"  The  principal  signs  in  use  by  the  alchymists 
were  those  at  present  used  in  astronomy." 


Bradford. 


CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 


By  referring  to  Chambers's  'Twentieth- 
Century  Dictionary,'  1903,  p.  1171,  MR. 
INGLEBY  may  find  some  useful  information 
on  the  origin  of  symbols  used  in  medicine 
and  surgery.  WILLIAM  JAGGAED. 

LMR.  LAUNCELOT  ARCHER  also  mentions  the 
survival  of  the  sign  for  Jupiter.] 

"  SCOLE  INN,"  NORFOLK  (10th  S.  i.  248,  313, 
394).— I  thought  I  had  put  the  case  clearly  ; 
but  it  has  been  strangely  perverted.  What 
I  meant  to  say  was  really  this :  that  some 
one  once  imagined  that  the  "  Scole  Inn  "  was 
so  called  because  it  was  equidistant  from  four 
known  places  !  I  implied  that  he  was  quite 
•wrong,  but  that  he  obtained  that  notion 
from  connecting  the  name  with  the  old  East- 
Anglian  word  scole,  which  happened  to  mean 
a  pair  of  scales ;  and  a  pair  of  scales,  having 
equal  arms,  suggested  to  him  this  notion  of 
equal  distances.  I  submit  that  this  is  the 
only  possible  explanation  of  his  theory.  Will 


any  one  point  out  an  alternative  one?  I 
think  not. 

But,  as  I  said,  we  can  only  take  this  to 
be  "a  mediaeval  joke";  surely  we  are  not 
expected  to  swallow  it. 

I  see  no  difficulty  at  all  in  the  derivation. 
The  word  scole  is  obviously  the  Old  Norse 
skdli,  "  a  hut,  a  shed,"  a  variant  of  which  is 
"  shieling."  The  O.N.  a  gives  Northern  E.  a, 
as  in  Sea-scale  and  Portin-scale,  and  the  rest; 
but  Southern  long  o,  as  in  scole.  We  have  a 
precise  parallel  in  hale  and  ivhole.  The  sense 
was  simply  shelter.  Then  it  became  a  man's 
name,  from  the  man  who  lived  in  it,  just  as 
Wood  and  Hill  are  men's  names  now.  See 
'  Scale  '  in  the  '  English  Dialect  Dictionary.' 
WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

Blomefield's  '  History  of  Norfolk,'  vol.  i. 
(published  in  1739),  gives  the  following  at 
p.  86  :— 

"  Osmundeaton  or  Scole  joins  to  the  East  part 
of  Diss,  and  is  bounded  by  the  Waveny  on  the 
South  :  I  can't  find  who  this  Osmund  was  that 
gave  the  name  to  the  Town,  but  imagine  him  to  be 
a  Saxon  and  owner  of  it ;  Scoles  was  a  Hamlet  to 
Osmundeston  in  the  time  of  Edward  III.... it  stands 
by  the  name  of  Osmondston,  alias  Schole,  which 
last  name  prevailed  about  the  time  of  King 
Henry  VIII.  when  this  Hamlet  was  increased,  so 
as  to  become  the  chief  part  of  the  Town,  and  might 
first  receive  its  name  from  the  Sholes  or  Shallows 
of  the  River  on  which  it's  situated. 

"Here  are  two  very  good  Inns,  the  White  Hart 
is  much  noted  in  these  parts,  being  called  by  way 
of  distinction  Scole  Inn  ;  the  House  is  a  large  brick 
building,  adorned  with  imagery  and  carved  work  in 
many  places,  as  big  as  the  life.  It  was  built  in 
1655,  by  John  Peck,  Esq;  whose  Arms  impaling 
his  wife's  are  over  the  porch  door :  The  Sign  is  very 
large,  beautified  all  over  with  a  great  number  of 
Images  of  large  stature,  carved  in  wood,  and  was 
the  work  of  one  Fairchild,  the  Arms  about  it  are 
those  of  the  chief  Towns  and  Gentlemen  in  the 

County  viz Here  was  lately  a  very  large  round 

Bed,  big  enough  to  hold  15  or  20  Couple  in  imitation 
(1  suppose)  or  the  remarkable  great  Bed  at  Ware. 
The  House  was  in  all  things  accommodated  at  first 
for  large  business,  but  the  Road  not  supporting  it, 
it  is  in  much  decay  at  present,  tho'  there  is  a  good 
Bowling-Green  and  a  pretty  large  garden  with  land 
sufficient  for  passengers'  horses.  The  business  of 
these  two  Inns  is  much  supported  by  the  annual 
Cock  Matches  that  are  fought  there." 

The  inn  still  stands,  I  presume ;  at  all 
events,  there  still  appears  in  the  'P.O.  Direc- 
tory '  "The  White  Hart  P.H."  I  knew  it 
well  as  long  as  sixty  years  ago,  celebrated 
then  as  a  coaching  and  posting  house,  and 
known  as  "Scole  Inn."  J.  H.  J. 

Ipswich. 

THE  "  SHIP  "  HOTEL  AT  GREENWICH  (9th  S. 
xii.  306,  375,  415,  431  ;  10th  S.  i.  Ill,  375).— 
In  answer  to  MR.  PICKFORD,  I  can  say  that 
the  sketch  in  '  Pendennis '  does  not  refer  to 


io»s.i.JcxE4,igoi.]          NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


455 


the  '-'Ship,"  but  to  the  "Trafalgar."  The 
"Ship"  had  no  balconies,  and  the  scene  from 
the  window  would  take  in  the  Hospital, 
whereas  the  view  from  the  balcony  shows 
the  reach  from  the  "Trafalgar"  in  an 
oblique  direction  down  to  Blackwall  Point; 
the  trees  on  the  right  bank — now  all  gone — 
are  seen  in  the  background.  The  only  known 
representation  of  the  old  "Ship"  is  on  a 
view  showing  the  contemplated  improve- 
ments in  connexion  with  the  new  pier,  pub- 
lished in  the  year  1836.  The  only  description 
is  in  Timbs's  '  Clubs  and  Club  Life/  p.  439, 
which  says  the  house  "  was  built  with 
weather  board  in  front,  and  a  bow  window 
to  command  a  view  of  the  river."  The  back 
is  shown  in  Clarkson  Stanfield's  '  View  of 
Fisher  Lane,'  now  in  the  Naval  Museum, 
Greenwich,  and  reproduced  in  Marryat's 
'  Poor  Jack.'  AYEAHR. 

INSCRIPTIONS  AT  OROTAVA,  TENERIFE  (10th 
S.  i.  361). — I  understand  from  Miss  Ethel 
Dixon  that  Miss  Edith  Gennings  is  incor- 
rectly spelt  as  "Jennings"  in  No.  56  in  the 
above-named  note.  RONALD  DIXON. 

46,  Maryborough  Avenue,  Hull. 

INDIAN  SPORT  (10th  S.  i.  349,  397).— 
EMERITUS  will  also  find  information  on  the 
subject  of  Indian  sport  in  a  work  entitled 

Oriental  Field  Sports.  Embellished  with  40 
coloured  Engravings,  the  whole  taken  from  the 
Manuscript  and  Design  of  Capt.  Thomas  William- 
son, who  served  upwards  of  twenty  years  in  Bengal, 
the  Drawings  by  Samuel  Howett.  London :  printed 
by  William  Bulmer  &  Co.,  Shakspeare  Printing 
Office,  for  Edward  Orme,  Printseller  to  His  Majesty, 
Engraver  and  Publisher,  Bond  Street,  the  corner 
of  Brook  Street,  1807. 

F.  E.  R.  POLLARD-URQUHART. 
Castle  Pollard,  Westmeath. 

IBERIAN  INSCRIPTIONS  IN  HIBERNIA  (10th 
S.  i.  388).  —  The  legend  that  some  of  the 
inhabitants  of  the  British  Isles  were  Iberian 
emigrants  from  Spain  is  based,  I  believe,  on 
a  remark  by  Tacitus  which  Canon  Taylor 
(discussing  the  neolithic  "Iberian"  in  his 
'Origin  of  the  Aryans')  calls  a  guess  of  no 
importance.  As  they  inhabited  so  large  a 
portion  of  Western  Europe  it  certainly  seems 
that  the  feeble,  troglodytic  or  long-barrow 
Iberian  cannibals  would  find  the  transit  from 
Great  Britain  to  Ireland  much  less  perilous 
than  a  considerable  voyage  from  Spain  in 
frail  coracles  or  dug-outs.  As  to  the  mys- 
terious inscriptions  on  the  Spanish  "Iberian  " 
coins,  Wormius  and  Hud  beck  connected  them 
with  Visigothic  runes,  but  Taylor  was  of 
opinion  that  the  language  of  the  ethnological 
Iberian  was  probably  Hamitic,  akin  to  the 


Numidian.  It  would  be  very  remarkable  if 
two  such  obscure  languages  as  Iberian  and 
Etruscan  proved  to  be  related. 

J.  DORMER. 

LOCAL  AND  PERSONAL  PROVERBS  IN  THE 
WAVERLEY  NOVELS  (10th  S.  i.  383,  402).— In 
MR.  BOUCHIER'S  quotation  of  the  Gaelic 
proverb  from  'Waverley'  "Mar  e  Bran  is  e 
a  brathair,"  the  first  word  should  be  mury 
which  means  "  if  not "  (nisi),  whereas  mar 
means  "  as  "  (velut  or  uf)  used  in  similes  and 
comparisons.  I  have  not  the  book  at  hand, 
and  it  is  quite  likely  the  proverb  is  correctly 
transcribed;  but  Sir  Walter  Scott  (or  his 
printer)  often  makes  mistakes  in  Gaelic 
words.  C.  S.  JERRAM. 

Oxford. 

My  friend  MR.  BOUCHIER  has  inadvertently 
omitted  two  very  amusing  ones  from  'Red- 
gauntlet,'  which  occur  in  the  account  of  the 
memorable  consultation  between  Peter  Peebles 
and  his  solicitor  Mr.  Fairford  : — 

'"The  counsel  to  the  Lord  Ordinary,'  continued 
Peter,  once  set  agoing,  like  the  peal  of  an  alarm 
clock,  '  the  Ordinary  to  the  Inner  House,  the 
President  to  the  Bench.  It  is  just  like  the  rope  to 
the  man,  the  man  to  the  ox,  the  ox  to  the  water,  the 
water  to  the  fire.'  "—Letter  xiii. 
And  in  the  same  letter  : — 

'"Better  have  a  wineglass,  Mr.  Peebles,'  said 
my  father  in  an  admonitory  tone ;  '  you  will  find  it 
pretty  strong'  [i.e.,  the  brandy].  'If  the  kirk  is 
ower  muckle,  we  can  sing  mass  in  the  choir,'  said 
Peter,  helping  himself  in  the  goblet  out  of  which  he 
had  been  drinking  the  small  beer." 

JOHN  PICKFORD,  M.A. 

Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

BRAZEN  BIJOU  (10th  S.  i.  369).— At  the  Array 
and  Navy  Stores  this  is  represented  by  a 
brazen  "crane,"  which  may  be  bought  for 
the  same  price  as  the  bijou  valued  in  1830  at 
"about  two  shillings."  My  cook,  who  is,  I 
think,  a  Yorkshire  woman,  believes  the 
article  is  called  a  "spittle,"  though  apparently 
the  name  is  in  disuse  with  her,  as  it  took  her 
some  moments  to  recall  it  to  mind.  At  my 
request  she  consulted  her  fellow-servants, 
and  the  result  was  that  one  of  them  pro- 
duced a  dictionary  in  which  "Spit,  a  bar  on 
which  meat  is  roasted,"  was  supposed  to  fur- 
nish the  required  information.  Bottle-jacks 
still  survive  in  the  fashionable  emporium  I 
have  mentioned  above,  and  I  am  glad  to  say 
that  one  is  yet  active  in  my  own  benighted 
kitchen.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

If  MR.  HIBGAME  will  turn  to  p.  97  of  the 
"Household  Edition"  of '  Great  Expectations,' 
he  will  there  find  an  illustration  in  which  the 
"brazen  bijou"  referred  to  on  the  previous 


456 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io»  s.  i.  JUXE  *,  wo*. 


page  is  shown  suspended  from  the  mantel- 
piece. The  artist,  Mr.  F.  A.  Fraser,  was 
evidently  fully  cognizant  of  the  article  in 
question.  JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

I  have  one ;  its  designation  is  '  jack-bar." 
The  country  people  call  it  a  "sweek." 

C.  L.  POOLE. 
Alsager,  Cheshire. 

"SEND"  OF  THE  SEA  (10th  S.  i.  368).— I  do 
not  think  "  send  "  means  "  current :'  at  all.  I 
see  a  good  many  papers  relating  to  sea-sal- 
vage, and  I  always  understand  "send"  to 
mean  rise  and  fall  or  drop— not  of  the  tide, 
but  of  the  sea  as  worked  up  by  a  (perhaps 
distant)  storm.  A  heavy  "send,"  lifting  a 
diver's  cutter  first  high  into  the  air  and  then 
dropping  it  again,  is  not  conducive  to  diving 
operations.  D.  0. 

MR.  DODGSON  is  incorrect  in  supposing  that 
the  "send  "  of  the  sea  is  an  expression  which 
refers  to  the  current.  It  refers  to  the  sway- 
ing or  motion  of  the  water,  which  may  have 
either  an  upward  or  downward  force.  In  the 
case  of  the  submarine  A  1  it  is  easy  to  under- 
stand that  the  hawsers  parted  owing  to  a 
motion  of  this  nature,  though  they  could 
easily  have  withstood  a  current,  however 
strong.  PHILIP  BELBEN. 

Broadstone. 

In  Dana's  '  Seaman's  Manual,'  revised  and 
corrected  by  John  J.  Mayo,  Kegistrar-General 
of  Shipping  and  Seamen,  1867,  p.  112,  "send" 
is  a  term  applied  to  the  action  of  a  ship's 
head  or  stern  when  pitching  suddenly  and 
violently  into  the  trough  of  the  sea.  The 
word  is  apparently  a  contraction  of  "ascend- 
ing," for  Smyth,  in  his  'Sailor's  Word-Book,' 
has  "Sending,  'scending,  the  act  of  being 
thrown  about  violently  when  adrift." 

J.  HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

SCOTCH  WORDS  AND  ENGLISH  COMMENTA- 
TORS (10th  S.  i.  261,  321,  375).— A  noticeable 
practice  of  the  London  journalist  seems 
worthy  of  mention  under  this  head.  From 
time  to  time  a  Scottish  word  or  phrase 
becomes  fashionable,  and  straightway  it  is 
paraded  with  diverting  iteration,  and,  as 
often  as  not,  with  an  innocence  of  its  true 
inwardness  that  is  nothing  short  of  pathetic 
"  Canny "  was  long  a  hapless  victim  in  thk 
way,  and  "unco"  would  appear  to  be  now 
coming  into  favour.  On  7  May  a  prominent 
literary  journal  had  a  notice  of  Mr.  Max 
Beerbohm's  '  The  Poets'  Corner,'  which  closed 
with  the  remark,  "Such  funning  as  this  i 
wholesome,  especially  for  the  unco'  serious. 
As  the  cheerful  dogmatist  who  is  responsible 


!or  this  appears  to  think  that  the  Scottish 
term  he  playfully  employs  lacks  something 
of  perfect  form,  it  would  be  entertaining  to- 
gather  from  him  how  he  imagines  it  would 
"ook  if  it  were  presented  in  full  dress. 

THOMAS  BAYNE. 

I  did  not  quote  enough  from  Collins.  The 
AVO  additional  lines  make  the  resemblance- 
stronger  : — 

tfow  air  is  hushed,  save  where  the  weak-eyed  bat 
ith  short,  shrill  shriek  flits  by  on  leathern  wing  ; 
Or  where  the  beetle  winds 
His  small  but  sullen  horn, 
As  oft  he  rises,  midst  the  twilight  path, 
Against  the  pilgrim  borne,  in  heedless  hum. 

I  need  not  have  quoted  one  line  of  Gray  : — 
The  ploughman  homeward  plods  his  weary  way. 
t  was  unnecessary.  E.  YARDLEY. 

TEA  AS  A  MEAL  (8th  S.  ix.  387 ;  x.  244 ;  9th' 
S.  xii.  351 ;  10th  S.  i.  176,  209).— One  of  the- 
characters  in  Farquhar's  play  of  '  The  Beaux' 
Stratagem,'  produced  in  1707,  named  Archer., 
sings  a  song  in  the  third  scene  of  the  third 
act,  of  which  the  following  is  a  stanza : — 
What  mortal  man  would  be  able 
At  White's  half-an-hour  to  sit? 
Or  who  could  bear  a  tea-table, 
Without  talking  of  trifles  for  wit  ? 

ALBERT  MATTHEWS. 
Boston,  U.S. 

"CHOP-DOLLAR"  (10th  S.  i.  346).— If  your 
correspondent  Du  AH  Coo  is  interested  in 
the  history  of  this  word,  it  is  curious  that  he 
is  unaware  of  the  exhaustive  article  on  the 
subject  in  Yule-Burnell,  '  Hobson-Jobson.' 
Unless  any  one  is  able  to  add  to  the  informa- 
tion collected  by  Col.  Yule,  it  seems  useless 
to  discuss  the  word  further.  "Chop,"  in  its- 
Oriental  sense,  is  given  in  the  'H.E.LV 

EMERITUS. 

COPPER  COINS  AND  TOKENS  (10th  S.  i.  248, 
335).  —  Several  methods  of  cleaning  copper 
and  bronze  coins  will  be  found  in  Dr. 
Friedrich  Rathgen's  handbook,  'Die  Kon- 
servirung  von  Alterthumsfunden '  (especially 
pp.  120  et  seg.),  published  under  the  auspices 
of  the  Imperial  Museum  at  Berlin.  Dr.  Kath- 
gen  herein  quotes  from  an  article  by  himself 
upon  the  subject  in  Dingler's  Polytechn. 
Journal,  1896,  Band  301,  S.  44.  An  English 
translation  of  the  handbook  will  appear 
shortly.  GEORGE  A.  AUDEN. 

BRADLEY,  co.  SOUTHAMPTON  :  CLARK  FAMILY 
(10th  S.  i.  389).— Had  Richard  Cromwell,  some- 
time Protector  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland, 
a  second  wife?  Certainly  "Queen  Dick," 
between  his  flight  from  England  and  his 
return  thereto,  1660-80,  sometimes  passed  as 


io«>  s.i.  JUNE  4,  low.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


457 


John  Clarke,  and  for  obvious  reasons.  But  I 
have  never  heard  that  he  consoled  himself 
after  the  death  of  his  wife,  Dorothy  Mayor, 
of  Hursley,  in  1676,  with  a  second  spouse,  or 
that  he  had  been  the  subject  of  any  scandal 
while  abroad.  A.  R,  BAYLEY. 

TOPOGRAPHY  OF  ANCIENT  LONDON  (9th  S. 
xii.  429 ;  10th  S.  i.  70,  295).— Subsequently  to 
the  use  of  the  plot  of  ground  without  Cripple- 
gate  (according  to  Stow,  1603)  as  the  Jews' 
burial-ground,  it  was  apparently  granted  to 
the  French  refugees.  The  following  is  from 
W.  Stow's  'Stranger's  Guide,  or  Traveller's 
Directory,'  1721 : — 

"  Back  Alley,  in  Back  Street  in  Old  Street  Square. 
Not  far  from  hence  is  the  Pest-house,  so  called 
from  the  Burying  Ground  thereto  belonging, 
wherein  those  who  died  of  the  dreadful  Pestilence 
in  1665,  were  buried  :  but  now  it  is  granted  by  the 
City  of  London  to  the  French  Refugees,  who  use  it 
for  an  Hospital  for  the  Relief  of  their  Sick." 

The  name  "  Leyrestowe,"  as  mentioned  by 
Strype,  is  evidently  the  Anglo  -  Saxon 
"leger"  =  grave,  and  "stow"  =  place  —  a 
graveyard  or  burial-place. 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

YEOMAN  OF  THE  CROWN  (10th  S.  i.  208,  272).— 
MR.  A.  HUSSEY  may  be  interested  in  know- 
ing that  the  will  of  John  Nelmes,  a  yeoman 
of  Willesden,  Middlesex,  dated  10  November, 
an.  3  Edward  VI.,  and  proved  in  the  Court 
of  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  St.  Paul's  on 

11  December,  1549,  is  signed  by  John  N 

(? Nelmes),  "yeoman  of  the  King's  Guard," 
and  by  William  Byrde,  "yeoman  of  the 
King's*  Slaughter  House"!  These  persons 
were  tenants  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of 
St.  Paul's,  holding  farms  in  Willesden  which 
were  part  of  the  prebendal  lands ;  they  were 
not,  therefore,  merely  liable  as  tenants  to 
their  lord  for  service,  as  king's  tenants  might 
be,  but  probably  held  office  by  right  of 
appointment.  FRED.  HITCHIN-KEMP. 

6,  Beechfield  Road,  Catford,  S.E. 

PORT  ARTHUR  (10th  S.  i.  407).— KAPPA  asks 
by  what  name  this  place  is  known  to  the 
Chinese.  In  Longmans'  '  Gazetteer  of  the 
World,'  1895,  the  Chinese  name  is  given  as 
"  Lu  shwan-kau  or  Lu-shun-ku."  Both  these 
forms  seem  to  me  incorrect.  My  own  ren- 
dering would  be  Lii-shun-keu,  based  on  what 
I  consider  the  best  modern  standard  ortho- 
graphy, viz.,  that  used  by  Wells  Williams  in 
his  '  Syllabic  Dictionary  of  the  Chinese  Lan- 
guage^' 1890.  Morrison  would  have  written 
it  Leu-shun-khow.  JAMES  PLATT,  Jun. 

NUMBER  SUPERSTITION  (10th  S.  i.  369).— 
Folk-lore  does  not  encourage  the  enumera- 


tion of  possessions.  The  consequence  of 
David's  census-taking  has  left  a  deep  im- 
pression ;  but  a  misgiving  against  numbering 
existed  previous  to  that,  as  we  may  judge 
from  Joab's  objection  to  the  king's  proposal. 
We  may  count  our  warts  when  we  wish  to 
get  rid  of  them  by  some  occult  means ;  but 
it  is  well  to  be  vague  about  things  that  we 
have  no  desire  to  lose.  ST.  SWITHIN. 

"  PAINTED  AND  POPPED  "  (10th  S.  i.  407). — 
I  dp  not  know  why  we  are  to  say  that  the 
derivation  of  popped  is  unknown.  It  is  given 
in  my  '  Glossary  '  to  Chaucer. 

I  suppose  Milton  took  the  word  from  a 
celebrated  poem  called  'The  Romaunt  of 
the  Rose,'  of  which  there  is  a  translation  in 
English,  the  first  1705  lines  being  Chaucer's. 
Lines  1018-20  run  thus  :— 

No  windred  browes  hadde  she, 
Re  popped  hir ;  for  it  neded  nought 
To  windre  hir,  or  topeynte,  hir  ought. 

I.e.,  she  had  no  trimmed  eyebrows,  nor  did 
she  trick  herself  up ;  for  there  was  no  need 
to  trim  herself  or  to  paint  herself  at  all. 

My  \Glossary '  has :  "  Popped,  pt.  s.  refl. 
tricked  herself  out.  '  Poupiner,  popiner, 
s'attifer,  se  parer';  Godefroy." 

Those  who  do  not  possess  Godefroy  can 
perhaps  consult  Cotgrave.  He  gives  :  "  Se 
popiner,  to  trimme,  or  trick  up  himselfe." 
And  popiner  is  derived  from  popin.  Cotgrave 
has  :  "  Popin,  m.  -ine,  f.  spruce,  neat,  briske, 
trimme,  fine ;  quaint,  nice,  daintie,  prettie." 
Popin  was  also  spelt  poupin,  from  the  Latin 
2)upus,jmpa.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

THIEVES'  SLANG:  "JoE  GURR"  (10th  S.  i. 
386). — There  can  be  little  doubt,  I  think,  that 
for  "Joe  Gurr"  we  should  read  "choker."  In 
criminal  phraseology  to  be  "in  choker"  or 
"  chokey  "  is  to  be  in  prison. 

CHR.  WATSON. 

[MR.  DORMER  and  DR.  FORSHAW  make  the  same 
suggestion.] 

A  SEXTON'S  TOMBSTONE  (9th  S.  x.  306,  373, 
434,  517  ;  xi.  53, 235,  511  •  xii.  115,  453).— I  find 
that  I  made  an  error  in  transcribing  the 
sexton's  epitaph  given  at  9th  S.  xi.  235.  In 
1.  6  for  "  vision  "  read  visage. 

ALEX.  LEEPER. 

Trinity  College,  Melbourne  University. 

WILLIAM  WILLIE  (10th  S.  i.  67,  257,  315).— 
I  remember  a  curious  instance  of  a  double 
name,  that  of  the  late  John  Walsh  Walsh,  a 
well-known  resident  in  Birmingham.  At 
the  time  of  his  baptism  the  clergyman  is 
said  to  have  stammered,  thus  doubling  the 
Walsh.  The  story  is  told,  I  believe,  in 
'  Personal  Recollections,"  by  the  late  Mr. 


458 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io«-  s.  i.  JUNE  4,  im. 


Eliezer  Edwards,  of  Birmingham,  who,  if  I 
remember  rightly,  states  that  Mr.  Walsh 
attributed  much  of  his  after  success  in  life 
to  the  infirmity  of  the  clergyman  that  gave 
him  a  distinctive  instead  of  a  commonplace 
name. 

Here  is  an  instance  of  duplicate  names  in 
a  family.  My  grandfather,  William  Wilmot 
Corfield,  born  1785  at  Penryn,  Cornwall  (of 
which  place  he  was  several  times  Mayor), 
had  two  sons,  both  named  Richard  (Richard 
No.  1,  born  1808,  died  young ;  Richard  No.  2, 
born  1810,  died  1885),  and  two  daughters, 
both  named  Mary  (Mary  No.  1,  born  1809, 
died  young;  Mary  No.  2,  born  1812,  died 
1890).  There  were  also  other  children.  I 
take  the  names  and  earlier  dates  from  a 
family  pedigree  printed  in  1873. 

MR.  F.  A.  HOPKINS  remarks,  "Whether 
this  is  a  custom  in  the  West  Country  I  have 
no  knowledge.  So  far  as  my  experience 
goes,  I  have  found  no  similar  example  of 
'duplicate  names.'"  The  instances  I  have 
given  seem  to  point  to  the  custom  having 
existed  in  the  West  Country,  as  both  Truro 
and  Penryn  are  in  Cornwall. 

W.  WILMOT  CORFIELD. 

Calcutta. 

COSAS  DE  ESPANA  (10th  S.  i.  247,  332).— It  is 
improbable  that  the  Columbus  memorial  in 
Seville  Cathedral  was  taken  from  Havana, 
for  the  one  honouring  the  remains  transferred 
to  Havana  from  San  Domingo,  15  January, 
1796,  consisted  of  a  small  urn  in  a  niche  in 
the  chancel  wall,  together  with  a  laurel- 
crowned  bust  on  a  marble  slab.  Although 
Spain  removed  the  ashes  reverenced  as  those 
of  America's  discoverer  from  Havana  to 
Seville  immediately  after  the  Spanish-Ameri- 
can war,  or  in  December,  1898,  it  was  not 
until  17  November,  1902,  that  they  were 
deposited  in  the  mausoleum  specially  made 
for  them  in  Seville  Cathedral,  the  intervening 
time  doubtless  being  needed  for  the  artistic 
work.  The  recent  date  of  this  ceremonial 
accounts  sufficiently  for  the  absence  of  any 
mention  of  the  memorial  in  'The  Story  of 
Seville,'  published  so  soon  afterwards,  or  in 
the  '  Encyclopaedia  Britannica." 

Most  people  know  that  the  bodies  of  Chris- 
topher and  Diego  Columbus  were  removed 
from  Spain  to  San  Domingo  in  1536,  and 
that  when  San  Domingo  was  ceded  to  the 
French  in  1795,  the  remains  of  the  dis- 
coverer, as  was  supposed,  were  taken  to 
Havana,  and  now  have  been  retransferred  to 
Seville. 

Many  readers  of  'N.  &  Q.'  may  be  also 
aware  that  San  Domingo  claims  still  to  have 


these  precious  relics  in  her  cathedral ;  but  as 
others  may  not  have  noted  this,  or  do  not 
know  upon  what  ground  the  claim  is  based, 
perhaps  a  brief  summary  of  the  matter  will 
not  be  amiss  here.  When  the  original  inter- 
ment was  made  in  San  Domingo  Cathedral 
an  adjoining  space  was  left  prepared,  and  a 
few  years  later  was  filled  by  the  body  of 
Diego's  son  Luis,  the  Duke  of  Veragua. 
More  than  a  hundred  years  later,  when  San 
Domingo  was  threatened  by  a  British  fleet, 
the  then  archbishop,  fearing  desecration  of 
the  precious  dust,  ordered,  it  is  said,  that  the 
vaults  should  be  covered  with  earth  so  as  to 
be  indistinguishable,  and  gradually  their 
relative  position  seems  to  have  become  matter 
of  tradition.  The  cinerary  chest  exhumed  in 
1795  and  taken  to  Havana  lay  in  the  tradi- 
tional corner  assigned  to  the  elder  Columbus, 
with  a  second  vault  beside  it,  believed  to  be 
that  of  Diego  ;  but  some  proof  discovered  in 
1877  cast  doubt  upon  this,  and  when,  in  1891, 
there  was  found  beyond  the  emptied^  vault  a 
larger  one,  containing  a  coffer  having  suf- 
ficient marks,  as  they  decipher  them,  to 
identify  it,  it  proved  beyond  question  to 
the  San  Dominicans  that  the  relics  taken 
to  Havana  were  those  of  Diego  Columbus, 
and  that  those  of  his  father  are  still  in  their 
own  possession.  So  in  December,  1898,  the 
month  when  the  remains  from  Havana 
Cathedral  were  removed  with  such  pomp 
to  Seville,  those  left  in  San  Domingo  Cathe- 
dral were  reinterred  there  with  equal  pomp, 
and  a  grand  new  tomb  dedicated  to  Chris- 
topher Columbus.  M.  C.  L. 
New  York  City. 

'  THE  CHILDREN  OF  THE  CHAPEL  '  (10th  S.  i. 
407). — Several  years  since  I  came  across  a 
very  rare  collection  of  pamphlets  in  New- 
York  entitled  '  The  Sad  Decay  of  Discipline 
in  our  Schools,'  bearing  the  date  1830.  It 
was  evidently  a  reprint  of  a  number  of 
curious  tracts  and  verses  referring  to 
corporal  punishment  in  boys'  schools.  '  The 
Rodiad,'  '  A  Schoolmaster's  Joy  is  to  Flog,' 
'The  Sparing  of  the  Rod,'  &c..  were  among 
the  collection,  and  at  the  end  of  the  volume 
was  a  small  pamphlet  entitled  '  Some  Account 
of  the  Stripping  and  Whipping  of  the  Children 
of  the  Chapel.'  It  purported  to  give  a  very 
realistic  account  of  the  treatment  of  the 
boys  at  one  of  the  royal  chapels  (St.  James's, 
I  think),  but  spelling,  «kc.,  had  been  brought 
up  to  date  and  the  whole  modernized, 
possibly  by  Geo.  Colman  the  Younger,  the 
supposed  author  of  'The  Rodiad,'  which 
was  published  in  1820.  It  may  be  that  the 
title  was  merely  taken  from  the  pamphlet 


io*  s.  i.  JUNE  4, 1904.]          NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


459 


of  1576,  and  that  the  matter  of  it  was  purely 
modern  ;  but  a  reference  to  the  collection  of 
sixteenth-century  pamphlets  at  the  British 
Museum  would  easily  settle  the  question.  I 
remember  a  query  with  reference  to  this 
pamphlet  appearing  in  a  literary  magazine 
(long  since  defunct)  about  1882-3,  but  it 
elicited  no  reply.  FREDERICK  T.  HIBOAME. 
1,  Rodney  Place,  Clifton,  Bristol. 

MRS.  STOPES'S  inquiry  reminds  one  of 
Wither's  celebrated  work  entitled  'Abuses 
Stript  and  Whipt ;"  or,  Satirical  Essayes.'  A 
full  bibliography  of  this  author's  Avorks  may 
be  found  in  Lowndes,  beginning  at  p.  2963. 

WM.  JAGGARD. 

139,  Canning  Street,  Liverpool. 

HAREPATH  (10th  S.  i.  190).— In  the  Devon- 
shire Association  Transactions,  vol.  xvii. 
S195,  in  a  paper  on  Sea  ton  before  the 
onquest,  the  late  Mr.  J.  B.  Davidson  de- 
scribes the  boundaries  in  an  Anglo-Saxon 
charter  purporting  to  belong  to  the  year 
1005.  He  writes  : — 

"  Thence  it  struck  north  to  the  herpath,  or  old 
military  road  from  Lyme  Regis  to  Sidmouth.  This 
ancient  designation  '  herpath '  is  preserved  in  the 
name  of  Harepark  Farm,  the  homestead  of  which 
is  on  the  road,  close  by." 

In  the  Transactions  of  the  same  asso- 
ciation, vol.  xxxv.  p.  147,  in  a  paper  on 
Sidbury,  Sidmouth,  Salcombe  Regis,  and 
Branscombe,  Mr.  J.  Y.  A.  Morshead  writes  : 

"Then  came  the  Saxons.  The  '  Ston-her-path ' 
(Lyme-S  tow  ford  road)  shows  their  probable  line 
of  march." 

It  seems  probable  that  these  two  writers 
would  reply  to  MR.  HERAPATH'S  query  in  the 
affirmative.  (Mrs.)  RosE-T/ROUP. 

RALEIGH'S  HEAD  (10th  S.  i.  49,  130,  197).— 
May  I  be  permitted  to  bring  to  the  notice  of 
the  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.'  a  few  lines  from  the 
recently  published  'Life  of  F.  W.  Farrar,' 
by  his  son  Reginald  Farrar  ?  Bishop  Mont- 
gomery, late  of  Tasmania,  who  was  "  almost 
the  first  of  the  Canon's  new  curates,"  states 
at  p.  238  that  "I  remember  spending  an 
evening  with  the  Abbey  clerk  of  the  works 
in  a  vault  under  the  altar,  trying  to  find 
Raleigh's  head,  but  without  success."  It  is 
not  unlikely  that  there  have  been  many 
searches  before ;  but  as  this  is  probably  the 
last,it  seemsof  sufficient  interest  to  be  recorded 
for  future  reference.  In  1876  Disraeli  offered 
the  Westminster  canonry  and  the  rectorship 
of  St.  Margaret's  to  Dr.  Farrar,  the  restora- 
tion of  the  church  being  completed  in  1878. 
W.  E.  HARLAND-OILEY. 

C2,  The  Almshouses,  Rochester  Row,  S.W. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

Memoir  of  John  Kay :  with  a  Review  of  the  Textile 
Trade  and  Manufacture.  By  John  Lord.  (Roch- 
dale, Clegg.) 

BEFOBE  the  author  of  this  work  could  see  the  proofs 
of  the  first  chapter  he  had  passed  to  the  majority. 
Under  these  distressing  circumstances  the  task  wa» 
taken  up  and  finished  by  his  brother,  Mr.  William 
Lord,  who  adds  to  the  volume  a  portrait  and  life 
of  the  author.  Biographies  of  John  Kay,  the 
famous  Lancashire  inventor,  exist,  and  a  memoir 
by  Mr.  R.  B.  Prosser  appears  in  the  'D.N.B.,' 
vol.  xxx.  pp.  247-8.  According  to  Mr.  Lord,  who  has 
devoted  to  his  task  remarkable  energy  of  research, 
these  are  all  inadequate  or  misleading,  and  the 
facts  of  John  Kay's  life  are  now  for  the  first  time 
fully  narrated.  A  strange,  wandering,  and  romantic 
life  appears  to  have  been  that  of  a  man  who,  having 
conferred  upon  his  native  place  unsurpassable  obli- 
gation, saw  nis  house  wrecked  by  the  hostility  of  his 
fellow-townsmen,  and  was  sent  to  perish  in  poverty 
and  exile.  John  Kay  is  best  known  as  the  inventor 
of  the  flying  shuttle,  the  effect  of  which  in  facilitat- 
ing textile  labour  cannot  easily  be  over-estimated. 
By  his  biographer  he  is  regarded  as  the  inventor  in> 
matters  of  textile  machinery.  His  life  has  been 
written  by  one  who  is  an  antiquary,  a  genealogist, 
and  an  enthusiast,  and  has  followed  the  trail  of  his- 
subject  with  the  unerring  instinct  and  fidelity  of 
the  sleuth-hound.  A  chief  object  of  the  work  is  to- 
show  the  inaccuracy  and  general  untrustworthiness- 
of  a  life  of  Kay  written  by  his  grandson.  Col. 
Thomas  Sutcliffe,  a  task  which  is  discharged  with 
zeal  and  unction.  It  is  impossible — although  the 
investigation  brings  us  on  the  tracks  of  the  Jacobite 
rising  of  1745,  and  leads  us  up  to  associations  with 
Dickens — to  follow  Mr.  Lord  in  his  researches  or  to 
dwell  upon  his  discoveries.  For  these  the  reader 
must  turn  to  the  book.  What  is  unquestionably 
done  is  to  establish  the  connexion  or  Kay  with 
Bury,  upon  the  trade  of  which  prosperous  town, 
much  lignt  is  cast.  Among  numerous  illustrations 
are  portraits  of  John  Kay  himself ;  of  his  biographer ; 
of  Mr.  Archibald  Sparke,  chief  librarian  of  Bury, 
by  whom  the  work  is  ushered  in ;  and  of  various 
local  celebrities,  including  the  Earl  of  Derby. 
Spots  of  interest  are  also  depicted,  and  many- 
genealogies  and  other  documents  enrich  a  volume 
the  scholarly  attractions  of  which  extend  far  beyond 
local  bounds. 

The    Literature   of  the   Highlands.     By    Magnus 

Maclean,  D.Sc.  (Blackie  &  Son.) 
DB.  MACLEAN  has  followed  up  his  successful 
'  Literature  of  the  Celts  '  with  a  more  specialized 
work  on  '  The  Literature  of  the  Highlands,'  and  it 
is  to  be  hoped  he  will  complete  the  trilogy  with  a 
similar  book  on  the  literature  of  the  Irish,  if 
that  subject  has  not  been  too  completely  mono- 
polized by  Dr.  Joyce.  In  the  present  attractive- 
looking  volume  he  excludes  all  the  Gaelic  litera- 
ture before  the  year  1745,  as  that  already  came 
within  the  purview  of  his  previous  essay.  It  was 
not,  indeed,  till  after  that  date  that  the  Gael  first 
found  his  way  into  print,  and  that  the  golden  age 
of  Highland  poetry  began.  The  redeeming  feature 
of  all  Gaelic  poetry  is  the  intense  sympathy  with 
Nature  in  all  her  moods  which  inspires  it  and 
gives  it  the  richness  of  its  colouring,  a  feature  dis- 


460 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  JUNE  4, 1904. 


tinctive  of  the  Celt  everywhere.  After  making  due 
allowance  for  the  loss  of  spirit  and  aroma  inevitable 
in  the  transfusion  from  one  tongue  into  another  so 
different,  it  cannot  be  denied  that  many  of  the 
writers  whose  pious  and  banal  effusions  are 
registered  here,  if  they  were  English,  would  be 
regarded  as  very  minor  bards  indeed,  hardly 
superior  to  our  own  Hervey  and  Mason,  or  those 
immortalized  in  the  amber  of  the  '  Dunciad.'  For 
instance,  we  are  told  that  the  most  striking  poem 
of  one  Robb  Donn  was  his  'Song  to  Winter,' 
of  which  some  stanzas  are  given  in  a  translation, 
but  they  are  hardly  more  intelligible  than  the 
original  Gaelic.  One  of  these  we  take  the  liberty 
of  printing  as  prose : — "  The  running  stream's 
chieftain  Is  trailing  to  land,  So  flabby,  so  grimy, 
The  spots  of  his  prime  he  Has  rusted  with  sand ; 
•Crook-snouted  his  crest  is  That  taper'd  so  grand" 
(p.  67).  Dr.  Maclean's  elucidations  are  not  them- 
selves always  conspicuously  lucid.  The  proverbial 
saying,  "Two  old  women  could  dispose  of  it  with- 
out leaving  the  fireside,"  seems  to  gain  nothing  in 
intelligibility  from  the  comment,  "  How  potent  is 
gossip — the  feminine  avizandum  ! "  (p.  156!) 

One  of  the  most  interesting  chapters  in  the  book 
is  that  which  discusses  Macpherson  and  his 
""  Ossian,'  a  burning  question  once,  now  as  cold  as 
Hecla.  A  judicious  resume  of  the  controversy 
leads  one  to  the  conclusion,  now  generally  accepted 
and  held  by  Dr.  Johnson  at  the  time,  that  a  real 
residuum  of  ancient  native  folk-song  underlay,  and 
:gave  life  and  substance  to,  the  very  mediocre 
-expansions  and  additions  which  the  charlatan 
imposed  upon  it.  The  English  '  Ossian '  was  un- 
doubtedly the  original,  of  which  the  Gaelic,  after- 
wards produced  to  order,  was  the  translation. 
More  than  half  of  the  poem,  it  is  estimated,  was 
•absolutely  Macpherson's  own.  It  is  amusing  to  find 
the  pretender,  with  a  proper  sense  of  his  own 
importance,  ordering  his  remains  to  be  interred  in 
Westminster  Abbey. 

Keltic  Researches :  Studies  in  the  History  and  Dis- 
tribution of  Ancient  Goidelic  Language  and 
Peoples.  By  E.  W.  B.  Nicholson,  Bodley's 
Librarian,  Oxford.  (Frowde.) 
WE  have  here  a  work  of  remarkable  learning,  such 
as  but  few  of  us  are  able  to  appreciate  as  it  deserves, 
much  less  to  criticize.  The  author  endeavours  to 
6how,  and  we  think  successfully,  that  the  ancient 
Pictish  tongue  was  not,  as  several  of  our  older  anti- 
quaries imagined,  a  form  of  Gothic,  but  a  Goidelic 
dialect  standing  in  a  relation  to  the  Highland  Gaelic 
of  to-day  similar  with  that  which  Anglo-Saxon 
holds  to  modern  English.  He  discusses  at  length 
the  Pictish  place-name  Peanfahel,  so  happily  pre- 
served for  us  by  Bede,  who  is  careful  to  tell  his 
readers  that  it  is  in  "  Sermone  Pictorum."  Our 
readers,  even  those  who  have  no  acquaintance  with 
things  Celtic,  will  call  to  mind  how,  in  the 
*  Antiquary,'  Sir  Arthur  Wardour  and  Mr.  Oldbuck 
fall  into  a  heated  discussion  regarding  the  language 
this  word  represents.  Oldbuck,  by  far  the  wiser 
•man,  was  wrong  in  maintaining  it  to  be  Teutonic. 
Modern  scholars  regard  it  as  Celtic,  though  by  no 
means  in  agreement  as  to  which  sub-family  or 
dialect  it  belongs.  Mr.  Nicholson's  criticisms  are 
too  elaborate  to  reproduce,  and,  like  all  good  philo- 
logical work,  will  not  bear  abridgment.  We  have 
ourselves  no  doubt  that  he  has  arrived  at  a  solution 
very  nearly  approximating  to  truth. 
The  portion  devoted  to  the  names  of  the  Celtic 


kings  is  of  great  interest.  Moderns  have  rejected 
the  whole  long  array,  and  have  found  additional 
pleasure  in  their  sarcasms  on  account  of  the  por- 
traits of  these  worthies  to  be  seen  on  the  walls 
of  Holyropd.  It  does  not,  however,  follow  that 
this  long  line  is  absolutely  unhistoric  because  some 
one  was  paid  to  make  spurious  likenesses  of  indi- 
viduals. That  the  names  are  mostly  Celtic  and  very 
old  is  not  open  to  question.  The  existing  texts  are 
no  doubt  very  corrupt,  and  in  many  cases  are 
perhaps  incapable  of  satisfactory  restoration,  unless 
— which  is  a  piece  of  good  fortune  not  likely  to 
happen — earlier  manuscripts  should  come  to  light. 
In  any  case  they  are  not  fabulous  in  the  sense  we 
apply  the  term  to  certain  pedigrees  manufactured  in 
the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth  centuries.  To  put 
these  names  at  their  lowest,  they  represent  dim 
traditions  which  cannot  be  without  some  foundation 
of  truth,  however  much  they  may  have  suffered 
distortion. 

The  author  gives  much  information  about  the 
kindred  of  the  Picts  who  were  once  settled  in 
certain  districts  now  parts  of  France  ;  their  history 
only  exists  in  most  shadowy  form,  but  we  are  glad 
to  have  what  is  known,  or  even  rationally  surmised, 
put  before  us. 

Origines  Alphabetical;  New  Guesses  at  Truth.  By 
a  March  Hare.  (York,  Sampson  ;  London,  Simp- 
kin,  Marshall  &  Co.) 

Tmsjeu  d'esprit — at  the  source  of  which,  whatever 
our  conjectures,  we  are  forbidden  to  hint — is  likely 
to  furnish  amusement  and  sport  to  philologists  and 
others.  It  belongs  to  an  order  of  wit — that  of  the 
punster — we  duly  proscribe.  It  contains  more  than 
one  good  laugh,  and,  in  spite  of  its  frivolity,  is  the 
work  of  a  scholar. 


t0 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 

Eut  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
eading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to 
which    they    refer.      Correspondents    who    repeat 
queries    are    requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "  Duplicate." 

J.  A.  J.  H.  ("Fat,  fair,  and  forty").— This  form 
occurs  in  'St.  Ronan's  Well,'  chap.  vii.  Dry  den 
('  The  Maiden  Queen,'  I.  ii.)  has :  "  I  am  resolved  to 
grow  fat,  and  look  young  till  forty." 

A.  H.  LEE  ("  Gaelic  League  ").— The  address  is 
24,  Upper  O'Connell  Street,  Dublin. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "  The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'" — Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
lisher " — at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  E.C. 


io*s.i.JcN-E4,i904.]          NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

IN  THE  PRESS.    READY  SHORTLY. 

AN  ENTIRELY  REWRITTEN  AND  COMPLETELY  UP-TO-DATE  EDITION  OF 

KING'S 

CLASSICAL    AND    FOREIGN 

QUOTATIONS. 

By    WILLIAM    FRANCIS    HENRY    KING,    M.A., 

Christ  Church,  Oxford. 

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IN  ONE  HANDY  VOLUME. 

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io<»  s.  i.  JUNE  ii,  1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


461 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JUNE  11,  190Z,. 


CONTENTS. -No.  24. 

UOTES  :— Bow  Bridge,  461  —  "  Sanguis  "  :  its  Derivation, 
462  — Dibdin  Bibliography,  463  —  Shakespeare's  Books— 
"Jong,"  Tibetan  Word— Herbert  Spencer  and  Children, 
465  —  Astwick  :  Austwick  —  Portuguese  Version  of  the 
Aphikia  Story— '  Plumpton  Correspondence'  —  Pedigree 
in  1640  — "Fetish"  — Roperaakers'  Alley  Chapel,  466  — 
Mevagissey  Duck— Westminster  Abbey  Changes,  467. 

<3UERIES  :— Barnes  :  '  The  Devil's  Charter '  —  Immanuel 
Kant's  Origin,  467— Margaret  Biset— Ray's  Itineraries- 
Authors  of  Quotations  Wanted— Alake— Procession  Door, 
468— Doge  of  Venice— Magna  Charta  — Bstrege— Richard 
Pincerna  —  Whitty  Tree  — King  John's  Charters  — "In 
matters  of  commerce  "— Pemberton  Family— Late  Intel- 
lectual Harvest— Huquier,  Engravers,  469— The  '  Times, 
1962,  470. 

fiEPLIES  -.—The  Premier  Grenadier  of  France,  470— Tides- 
well  and  Tideslow,  471— The  Lobishome  —  Aristotle  and 
Moral  Philosophy  —  Poems  on  Shakespeare  —  Military 
Buttons  :  Sergeants'  Chevrons— Haggovele— Chair  of  St. 
Augustine,  472— Fettiplace  —  Tickling  Trout— "  Luther's 
distich,"  473—"  There  was  a  man  " — Authors  of  Quotations 
Wanted— Secret  Documents,  474— "  Hen-hussey"— Mark 
Hildesley— Step-brother,  475  — The  Sun  and  its  Orbit  — 
Wolverhampton  Pulpit— Casting  Lots— Buripides  :  Date 
of  his  Birth— "The  glory  of  the  Methodists,"  476— 
' '  Jenion's  Intack."— Paste— "  Purple  patch  "— '  The  Yong 
Souldier '— Martello  Towers,  477—"  The  run  of  his  teeth  " — 
"  Barrar  "—Shakespeare's  Grave—"  Gringo  "=Foreigner : 
"Griengro,"478. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS:  —  The  Variorum  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher—'  Great  Masters '  —  Magazines  and  Reviews— A 
New  German  Philological  Publication. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


BOW  BRIDGE. 

"Bow  BRIDGE"  has  for  close  upon  eight 
centuries  been  famous  as  the  principal 
means  of  communication  between  London 
— or,  to  be  more  strictly  correct,  between 
the  county  of  Middlesex— and  the  county 
of  Essex.  From  time  immemorial,  and 
long  before  there  was  any  bridge  over 
the  river  Lea,  there  was  a  ford  across 
the  river  at  a  point  not  very  far  distant 
from  where  the  bridge  now  stands  ;  and  the 
name  Old  Ford,  which  still  clings  to  the 
district  a  little  to  the  north  of  the  bridge, 
indicates  the  position.  This  ford  was 
certainly  in  use  in  the  time  of  the  Romans, 
as  is  shown  by  the  convergence  from  both 
sides  of  the  river  to  this  point  of  old  roads 
which  antiquaries  tell  us  are  of  Roman 
•origin. 

The  use  of  this  ford  continued  for  many 
years,  and  it  is  on  record  that  in  the  seventh 
century,  300  years  after  the  Romans  left 
these  islands,  the  body  of  St.  Erkenwald  was, 
owing  to  the  floods,  stopped  on  the  Essex 
side  of  the  river  while  being  conveyed  from 
the  Abbey  of  Barking  (where  he  died)  to 
London  for  interment ;  but  the  passage  was 


difficult  and  dangerous  at  all  times,  and  in 
the  early  part  of  the  twelfth  century  it  was 
superseded  by  a  bridge.  This  bridge  was 
erected  at  the  instance  of  Queen  Matilda, 
consort  of  Henry  I.,  who,  having  herself 
experienced  the  unpleasantness  of  crossing 
the  ford  in  flood-time,  not  only  caused  the 
bridge  with  its  approaches  to  be  built,  but 
also  granted  certain  lands  to  the  Abbess  of 
Barking  for  maintaining  the  same.  Stowe, 
the  historian,  says  of  the  bridge  that  it  was 
"arched  like  a  bowe,"  which,  he  adds,  "was 
a  rare  piece  of  worke,  for  before  the  time  the 
like  had  never  beene  seene  in  England." 
Notwithstanding  the  provision  made  for  its 
repair,  disputes  arose  as  to  who  was  liable 
for  this,  as  the  lands  granted  by  Queen 
Matilda  had  been  sold,  and  Queen  Eleanor 
found  it  in  such  a  condition  that  she  ordered 
it  to  be  repaired.  This  did  not,  however, 
prevent  litigation,  and  eventually  the  Court 
of  King's  Bench  decided  in  the  sixth  and 
eighth  years  of  Edward  II.  that  the  Abbot  of 
Stratford,  the  Master  of  London  Bridge,  and 
the  Master  of  St.  Thomas  of  Acre  were  liable 
to  keep  the  bridge  in  repair,  as  they  held  the 
lands  originally  granted  by  Matilda  to  the 
Abbess  of  Barking  for  its  maintenance. 
These  obligations  appear  to  have  been 
observed  down  to  the  dissolution  of  the 
monasteries  in  the  time  of  Henry  VIII. ,  as 
there  is  no  record  of  any  complaint  being 
made  until  1643,  when  it  again  became 
dilapidated.  Attempts  were  made  by  the 
holders  of  the  lands  originally  granted  for 
the  repairs  of  the  bridge  to  deny  their 
liability,  upon  the  plea  that,  the  lands  having 
gone  to  the  Crown  at  the  dissolution  of  the 
monasteries,  they  were  not  liable.  This  was 
not,  however,  the  view  taken  by  the  Courts, 
and  further  attempts  in  the  same  direction 
in  1663  and  1690  proved  useless. 

For  nearly  a  century  after  this  nothing 
further  is  heard  of  the  bridge ;  but  shortly 
before  1741  it  was  found  necessary  to  widen 
it  on  either  side,  so  as  to  give  a  width 
between  the  parapets  of  some  20ft.  instead 
of  16ft.  But  even  then  this  famous  old 
bridge  had  but  a  few  more  years  to  last,  and 
in  1836  it  was  swept  away  for  a  bridge  of 
more  ample  dimensions.  The  old  bridge  had, 
since  it  was  built  (somewhere  between  the 
years  1100  and  1118),  been  considerably 
altered,  and  bore  evidence  of  having  been 
almost  rebuilt  during  the  Tudor  period  ;  but 
it  is  generally  considered  that  it  was  of  three 
spans,  as  it  certainly  was  at  the  time  of  its 
destruction,  and  it  was  celebrated  as  one  of 
the  most  ancient  stone  bridges  (if  not  the 
oldest)  in  England. 


462 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       oo*  s.  i.  JUNE  n, 


The  new  bridge,  which  still  exists,  was 
built  at  the  joint  expense  of  the  counties 
of  Essex  and  Middlesex,  under  an  Act  of 
Parliament  passed  in  1834,  and  work  was 
actually  commenced  in  April,  1835.  The 
plans  for  the  new  bridge  were  prepared  by 
Messrs.  Walker  &  Burgess,  and  the  esti- 
mated cost  was  11,0002.  It  is  built  of 
Aberdeen  and  other  granite,  and  has  a 
single  span  of  64  ft.,  with  a  clear  water 
headway  of  about  7ft.,  and  a  width  between 
the  parapets  of  40ft.  The  work  was  com- 
pleted in  January,  1838. 

Since  that  date  the  traffic  has,  of  course, 
increased  enormously  in  the  neighbourhood, 
and  it  has  again  been  found  necessary  to 
make  more  ample  provision  for  it.  The 
London  County  Council  and  the  Corporation 
of  West  Ham,  the  two  authorities  now 
concerned  with  the  matter,  have  accordingly 
•widened  the  roadway.  The  widening  will 
no  doubt  be  a  very  great  convenience  to  the 
public,  but  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  the 
"  improvement,"  as  a  matter  of  convenience, 
•will  not  at  the  same  time  entirely  efface  the 
symmetrical  beauty  of  the  bridge  itself. 

The  work,  which  was  in  progress  last 
autumn,  has  doubtless  now  been  finished, 
but  I  have  not  had  the  opportunity  of  seeing 
it.  (Cf.  Archaeologia,  vol.  xxvii.,  and  Trans- 
actions of  the  Institution  of  Civil  Engineers, 
vol.  iii.  p.  343,  with  plates.) 

H.  W.  UNDERDOWN. 


"SANGUIS":  ITS  DERIVATION. 

(See  9th  S.  xii.  481.) 
IN  this  paper  an  attempt  is  made  to  connect 
sanguis  etymologically  with  another  group 
of  Latin  words,  with  the  Greek  cu/*a,  and 
•with  other  Greek  terms — all  mainly  belong- 
ing to  the  religious  sphere.  My  theory  is 
that  these  words  are  not,  in  the  strict  sense 
of  the  term,  Indo-European,  but  belong  to 
the  Mediterranean  peoples,  who  were  invaded 
by,  and  who  ultimately  adopted  the  speech  of, 
North  European  conquerors.  The  latter  in 
their  turn  were  affected  by  the  civilization 
and  religion  of  the  vanquished.  To  which  of 
these  two  antagonistic  race  elements  in  the 
Mediterranean  area  the  Pelasgi  belonged  is 
a  question  which  I  leave  untouched ;  but 
beyond  the  doubtful  northern  fringe  of  the 
welter  of  mixed  folk,  and  constantly  thrust- 
ing itself  into  their  midst,  was  a  nomad 
people,  possessing  in  common  certain  charac- 
teristics of  race,  of  speech,  of  religion,  of 
culture,  and  of  manners  (I  will  not  add  of 
physique),  which  differentiated  them  from 
their  neighbours.  This  congeries  of  tribes 


is  known  as  the  Celts,  who  played  a  rdle  in 
prehistoric  Europe  not  unlike  that  of  the 
Arab  in  later  times  and  more  southern  lands. 
Such  of  these  tribes  as  had  settled  among  the 
highly  civilized  folk  of  the  Mediterranean 
area  found  themselves  in  the  presence  of  a 
culture  where  virtus  had  already  trodden  its 
usual  path  to  vertii.  Virility  had  yielded  to- 
the  languor  induced  by  a  too  genial  clime, 
and  that  languor  tinged  even  the  speech  of 
its  victims. 

I  do  not  know  if  keener  observers  will  bear 
me  out,  but  ray  own  somewhat  limited  ex- 
perience leads  me  to  believe  that  natives  of 
the  sunny  South  are  more  prone  to  exhale 
the  smoke  of  their  cigars  and  cigarettes 
through  the  nasal  passage  than  is  tne  case 
with  us  who  dwell  beneath  gloomier  skies. 
The  habit  referred  to  is  a  very  repellent  one 
to  me  personally  ;  but  if  I  am  right  in  my 
conjecture,  it  seems  to  point  to  an  older 
practice  of  using  the  uvula  to  close  the  oral 
passage,  and  uttering  sounds  through  the 
neighbouring  nasal  one.  The  sounds  thus 
uttered  would  of  course  be  m  and  n.  Closely 
allied  with  these  are  the  "  voiced  "  labials,  b 
and  d.  I  infer,  then,  that  the  velar  guttural 
qv  would  in  the  Mediterranean  area  develope 
into  labialism,  and  that  the  Northern  tribes 
who  penetrated  into  that  area  would  adopt 
it,  and  those  settled  nearest  the  centre  of 
the  Mediterranean  civilization,  more  rapidly 
than  the  more  Western  settlers— e.g.,  the 
Hellenes  than  the  Italians.  Of  the  Celtic 
fringe,  the  tribes  that  came  into  closer  con- 
tact with  the  Mediterraneanized  peoples 
would  be  exposed  to  this  influence,  while 
those  more  remote  would  be  free  from  it. 
Again,  certain  tribes,  even  among  those  who 
were  settled  within  the  sphere  of  labial  in- 
fluence, would,  from  one  cause  or  another, 
show  more  resistance  to  that  influence  than 
others,  as  we  may  see  in  Italy,  where  the 
Latins  remained  on  the  "Indo-European" 
level  in  this  respect.  Taking  the  Eastern 
Mediterranean,  then,  with  Crete  at  its  heart, 
as  the  home  of  labialism,  we  find  at  its 
western  door  the  Sicilian  Zancle  as  a  topo- 
graphical name  equivalent  to  the  more 
eastern  Samos  and  Same.  Zancle,  we  are 
told  by  Thucydides,  is  a  Siculan  word  for  a 
sickle.  There  is  every  reason  to  believe  that 
that  is  correct,  but  place-names  of  that  kind 
are  a  prominent  feature  of  Hellas.  Zancle, 
secula  (Campanian),  and  sickle  show  a  sorb 
of  vowel  gradation  which  can  be  paralleled 
in  Sicily  itself.  There  we  have  Zancle,  Segesta, 
Siculi  and  Sicani,  and  on  the  opposite  side 
of  the  strait  S[i]cylla.  Sicylla  would  be  the 
exact  equivalent  of  sibylla.  No  doubt  sibylla 


io«-  s.  i.  JUNE  11, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


463 


is  a  diminutive  of  sibus,  siba,  sipus,  connected 
•with  sapio.  Salmasius,  who  scouted  the 
accepted  derivation  from  crtos  @ov\r},  sug- 
gested in  his  turn  a  derivation  which  Prof. 
Ramsay  ('Ovid  Selections,' p.  259)  considered 
less  "reasonable"  than  the  other— too  un- 
reasonable, indeed,  to  be  even  quoted.  The 
derivation  proposed  by  Salmasius  ('Exerci- 
tationes  Plinianse ')  was  from  0-1817,  pome- 
granate (tree  and  fruit).  St'Sr;,  of  which 
another  form  a-i/BSa  occurs,  is  said  to  be  a 
Phoenician  (or  Carthaginian)  word.  If,  as  is 
not  improbable,  there  attached  to  the  pome- 
granate a  "sacred"  character — "a  tree  of 
knowledge,"  or  something  of  that  kind — we 
should  not  only  be  inclined  to  think  that 
Salmasius  had  come  nearer  the  mark  than 
Prof.  Ramsay  had  imagined,  but  we  should 
also  find  some  light  thrown  on  the  obscure 
and  vexed  question  of  the  sibyl  and  the 
"golden  bough  "  of  Virgil.  I  need  not  men- 
tion the  story  of  Proserpine  and  the  pome- 
granate as  told  by  Ovid,  but  the  Irish  tale 
of  Connla's  Well  may  here  be  quoted  from 
Prof.  Rhys's  '  Celtic  Heathendom '  (p.  554) : — 
"  Over  this  well  there  grew  nine  beautiful  mys- 
tical hazel-trees,  which  annually  sent  forth  their 
blossoms  and  fruits  simultaneously.  The  nuts  were 
of  the  richest  crimson  colour,  and  teemed  with  the 
knowledge  of  all  that  was  refined  in  literature, 
poetry,  and  art.  No  sooner,  however,  were  the 
beautiful  nuts  produced  on  the  trees,  than  they 
always  dropped  into  the  well,  raising  by  their  fall 
a  succession  of  shining  red  bubbles.  Now,  during 
this  time  the  water  was  always  full  of  salmon  ;  and 
no  sooner  did  the  bubbles  appear  than  these  salmon 
darted  to  the  surface  and  ate  the  nuts,  after  which 
they  made  their  way  to  the  river.  The  eating  of 
the  nuts  produced  brilliant  crimson  spots  on  the 
bellies  of  these  salmon  ;  and  to  catch  and  eat  these 
salmon  became  an  object  of  more  than  mere 
gastronomic  interest  among  those  who  were 
anxious  to  become  distinguished  in  the  arts  and 
in  literature  without  being  at  the  pains  and  delay 
of  long  study  ;  for  the  fish  was  supposed  to  have 
become  filled  with  the  knowledge  which  was  con- 
tained in  the  nuts,  which,  it  was  believed,  would 
be  transferred  in  full  to  those  who  had  the  good 
fortune  to  catch  and  eat  them.  Such  a  salmon  was 
on  that  account  called  the  Eo  Feasa,,  or  '  Salmon 
of  Knowledge.'" 

When  I  add  to  this  that  Welsh  has  not 
only  in  current  use  an  adjective  syw  (now 
only  in  the  sense  of  "trim,"  "neat"  in 
bearing  and  dress),  but  also  siwin,  a  famous 
local  species  of  Salmonidse,  siwen,  "  an 
epithet  of  a  mermaid  "  (Pughe),  and  an  obso- 
lete term  for  a  philosopher,  syivedydd,  it  will 
be  seen  that  we  have  here  strong  grounds 
for  considering  these  terms  akin  to  sibyl, 
sibus,  and  sapio. 

But  to  return  to  the  district  of  the  golden 
bough :  even  if  Salmasius  was  wrong  about 
0-1877.  there  is  in  the  territory  of  the  Hirpini 


a  weird  lake  called  Amsanctus  (cf .  Ampsaga, 
now  the  Wady-el-Kebir,  Algeria),  whose 
presiding  goddess  bore  an  apparently  Greek 
name,  viz.,  Mephitis.  Now  Salmasius's  sug- 
gestion as  to  an  ^Eolic  (and  Doric)  change  of 
th  into  ph=f,  would  undoubtedly  clear  up 
the  obscurity  of  the  word  Mephitis.  Meflwts 
is  a  Greek  word  for  intoxication  ;  and  stupe- 
faction or  intoxication  due  to  the  gas-laden 
atmosphere  of  Amsanctus  might  very  well 
pass  into  inspiration.  In  Welsh  the  common 
word  for  intoxication  is  meddvvdod,  which, 
just  like  the  Greek,  is  (exceptionally)  accented 
on  the  first  syllable.  There  was,  I  may  add, 
a  temple  dedicated  to  Mephitis  at  Cremona 
in  Cis- Alpine  Gaul,  so  that  we  have  here  a 
clear  indication  of  Celtic  contact  with  the 
home  of  the  sibyl  cult.  J.  P.  OWEN. 

(To  be  continued.) 


A   BIBLIOGRAPHICAL   ACCOUNT   OF   THE 

WORKS  OF  CHARLES  DIBDIN. 
(See  9th  S.  viii.  39,  77,  197,  279 ;  ix.  421 ;  x.  122,  243  ; 

xi.  2,  243,  443 ;  xii.  183,  283,  423,  462.) 
1806  (?).  The  Passions  in  a  Series  of  Ten  Songs, 
for  the  voice  and  Pianoforte.  Written  and  com- 
posed by  Mr.  Dibdin.  Entd  at  Sta8  Hall.  Price 
8s.  Printed  and  sold  at  Bland  &  Willer's  [sic] 
Music  Warehouse,  No.  23,  Oxford  Street,  where 
may  be  had  all  the  above  author's  works.  Folio, 
21pp. 

Contains  ten  songs.  Each  song  has  a  vignette 
at  top,  and  is  arranged  for  two  flutes.  Water- 
mark date  1806. 

1806.  The  Broken  Gold,  a  ballad  opera,  in  two 
acts,  as   performed,  at  the  Theatre  Royal  Drury 
Lane,  the  words  and  music  by  Mr.  Dibdin.    Ent.  at 
Sta.  Hall.     Price  8s.     London,  printed  and  sold  at 
Bland  &  Weller's,  Music  Warehouse,  23,   Oxford 
Street,  where  may  be  had  all  the  above  author's 
works.     Folio,  41  pp. 

Opera  produced  8  February,  1806. 

Songs,  &c.,  in  The  Broken  Gold,  a  ballad  opera, 
in  two  acts,  written  and  composed  by  Mr.  Dibdin. 

[Vignette,  probably  by  Miss  Dibdin.] London ^ 

Printed  by  T.  \\  oodfall,  and  published  for  the 
Author  by  all  the  Booksellers,  of  whom  may  be  had 
Mr.  Dibdin's  literary  works.  1806.  8vo. 

Engraved  title  as  above,  also  printed  title,, 
pp.  viii  (not  numbered  consecutively)  and  24. 

1807.  The    Public    Undeceived,  written   by  Mr. 
Dibdin  ;    and    containing  a  statement  of    all  the 
material  facts  relative  to  his  pension.      Price  2.?. 
Published  for  the  author  by  C.  Chappie,  Pall  Mall, 
(of  whom   may  be  had,  wholesale  or  retail,  all  Mr. 
Dibdin's  publications)  and  sold  by  all  the  book- 
sellers throughout  the  United  Kingdom.     Printed 
by  H.  Reynell,  No.  21,  Piccadilly.    8vo,  57  pp. 

Dated  7  April,  1807. 

1807.  Henry  Hooka.  A  Novel.  By  Mr.  Dibdin, 
author  of  Hannah  He wett  — Younger  Brother  — 
Musical  Tour — Professional  Life — Harmonic  Pre- 
ceptor—History of  the  Stage,  &c.  &c.  In  Three 


464 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [10*  s.  i.  JUNE  11, 1904. 


Volumes.     Vol.  I.  [II.  or  III.]-      London:  Printed 
for  C.  Chappie,  Pall-Mall.     1807.     [J.  G.  Barnard, 
Printer,  Snow-hill.]    8vo. 
3  vols. :  pp.  iv,  216  ;  iv,  220  ;  iv,  304. 

1808.  *The  English  Pythagoras  ;  or,  Every  Man 
his  own  Music  Master.  Written  by  Mr.  Dibdin. 
This  work  is  of  singular  and  extraordinary  attrac- 
tion, and  contains  the  delineation  of  a  new  dis- 
covery to  facilitate  a  knowledge  of  music.  "  So 
did  the  bold  Pythagoras  of  yore  First  string  the 
Grecian  Lyre."  London :  Printed  by  R.  Cantwell, 
Bell  Yard,  Temple  Bar.  Published  by  the  Author, 
and  Sold  at  his  Music  Warehouse,  No.  125,  Strand; 
Mr.  Wyat,  at  the  Patent  Office,  No.  9,  Picket 
Street,  Temple  Bar;  Bland  &  Weller,  No.  23, 
Oxford  Street;  Mr.  Kemp,  No.  43,  Old  Bond 
Street ;  Mr.  Wheatstone,  No.  346,  Strand  ;  and  all 
the  Booksellers  and  Music  Sellers.  1808.  4to. 

Dedicated  to  the  Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of 
Dartmouth  ;  pp.  iv,  viii,  35. 

1808  (?).  "The  Musical  Mentor,  or  St.  Cecilia  at 
School :  consisting  of  Short  and  simple  Essays 
and  Songs,  calculated,  in  their  general  operation, 
progressively  to  assist  the  Musical  Education  of 
Young  Ladies  at  Boarding  Schools.  The  whole 
written  and  composed  by  Mr.  Dibdin.  "From 
Harmony,  from  Heavenly  Harmony,  The  Universal 
Frame  began."  London.  Published  for  the  Author 
by  C.  Chappie,  Pall-Mali;  and  Sold  by  all  the 
Booksellers  and  Music  Sellers  throughout  the 
United  Kingdom ;  where  also  may  be  had  the 
whole  of  Mr.  Dibdin's  Literary  Works.  Norbury, 
Printer,  Brentford.  Folio,  n.d. 

Consists  of  25  numbers  of  4  pp.  each,  an 
•essay  or  lecture  illustrated  by  vocal  and 
instrumental  music. 

1808.  *Music  Epitomized :  a  School  book ;  in 
which  the  whole  Science  of  Music  is  completely 
•explained,  from  the  simplest  rudiments  to  the  most 
complex  principles  of  harmony,  even  to  composi- 
tion and  the  doctrine  of  writing  down  ideas.  The 
-whole  is  expounded  by  way  of  Question  and  Answer 
in  Ten  Dialogues,  and  illustrated  by  plates,  con- 
taining all  the  necessary  Tables.  By  Mr  Dibdin. 
London,  Printed  for  the  Author,  by  R.  Cantwell, 
No.  29,  Bell  Yard,  Lincoln's  Inn,  and  sold  at  Mr 
Dibdin's  Warehouse,  No.  125,  Strand.  1808.  Price 
Four  Shillings.  12mo,  pp.  iv  and  95. 

Errata  on  p.  96.  Fourteen  folding  plates, 
apparently  from  the  coppers  of  'The  Harmonic 
Preceptor '  (1804).  This  work  must  have 
enjoyed  considerable  vogue,  for  there  were 
numerous  editions.  I  have  seen  or  heard  of 
the  following  : — 

Second. — Title  as  above  to  "Mr.  Dibdin"; 
then 

"  Second  Edition.  London  Published  by  Goulding, 
D'Almaine,  Potter,  and  Co.  Musical  Instrument 
Manufacturers  and  Music  Sellers,  No.  124,  New 
Bond  Street ;  No.  20,  Soho  Square ;  and  No.  7, 
Westmoreland  Street,  Dublin.  Price  Four  Shil- 
lings." 

12mp,  n.d.,  pp.  iv  and  95,  fifteen  plates  (not 
folding)  lettered  A  to  O. 

Third.— Practically  identical  with  second  ; 
n.d. 


*Fifth. — Similar  to  third  ;  price  five  shil- 
lings, n.d. 

Sixth. — Price  five  shillings.  "Revised  and 
corrected  by  a  Professor";  n.d.,  probably 
after  1814.  Another  (probably  a  later)  form  of 
the  sixth  edition  was  "Revised  and  corrected 
by  J.  Jousse,  Professor  of  Music." 

Seventh. — Price  five  shillings.  "Revised 
and  corrected  by  J.  Jousse,  Professor  of 
Music  " ;  n.d. 

Eighth. — Particulars  not  noted. 

Ninth. — Price  5s.  6d  in  boards.  "With 
considerable  additions  to  the  precepts  and 
examples,  and  a  new  classification,  by  J. 
Jousse,  Professor  of  Music."  Pp.  xii  and  123. 
The  advertisement  states  that  there  had  been 
"eight  editions  since  it  was  corrected  and 
improved  by  the  present  editor." 

Tenth. — Price  6s.;  pp.  xii,  156. 

Twelfth.  —  Price  5s.  Revised  by  J.  A. 
Hamilton ;  published  by  D'Almaine  &  Co. ; 
pp.  viii,  88,  44  ;  n.d. 

It  may  safely  be  inferred  that  '  Music 
Epitomized '  eventually  became  that  much- 
used  manual  'Hamilton's  Catechism  of  Music.' 
I  have  not,  however,  traced  the  metamor- 
phosis beyond  this  stage. 

1808.  The  Professional  Volunteers,  a  Table  Enter- 
tainment, written  and  composed  by  Charles  Dibdin. 
First  performed  1  March,  1808. 

Songs  in  this  entertainment  were  published 
in  folio,  price  Is.,  usually  signed  by  Dibdin, 
on  a  sheet  of  4  pp.,  with  the  customary 
arrangement  for  two  flutes.  I  have  seen  very 
few,  and  it  is  improbable  that  all  were 
published,  but  the  following  is  the  original 
programme  of  musical  pieces  in  the  order  as 
advertised  for  the  opening  night.  Headings 
of  songs  are  similar  to  No.  7  unless  noted. 

*1.  The  Muster  (a  glee). 

*2.  The  Veteran  in  Retirement. 

*3.  The  Parting  Volunteer. 

*4.  The  Little  Bark. 

*5.  The  Irish  Sailor. 

*6.  British  Wives. 

7.  William  &  Jesse  [sic],  written  &  composed 
By  Mr.  Dibdin,  And  sung  by  Mr.  Lee  at  the  Lyceum, 
In  the  Entertainment  called  the  Professional 
Volunteers.  Ent.  at  Stat.  Hall.  Published  by  the 
Author  at  his  Music  Warehouse  No.  125  Strand  & 
by  Bland  &  Weller  No.  23  Oxford  St.  Publishers 
(by  appointment)  of  the  whole  of  Mr.  Dibdin's 
Songs,  &  may  be  had  of  Mr.  Kemp,  No.  13,  Old 
Bond  Street,  &  Mr.  Wheatstone,  436,  Strand.  4  pp. 

*8.  Distress  on  Distress. 

9.  Life.    Sung  by  Mr.  Grey.     4  pp. 

10.  Lumkin  and  his  Mother.    London.    Printed 
by  Goulding  &  Co.  20  Soho  Square,  £c.    4  pp. — 
Watermark  date  1811. 
*11.  The  Choice  of  Minerva. 
*12.  Lovely  Fan  and  Manly  Ben. 
*13.  The  Invitation  to  Supper  (a  glee). 
*14.  The  Sheep  Shearing. 

15.  Gallant  Tom.    Sung  by  Mr.  Lee.    4  pp. 


ioas.i.jryEii.1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


465 


*16.  The  Jew  in  Grain. 

*17.  The  Armour  of  ^E. 

*18.  The  Best  Bower  Anchor. 

*19.  Finale. — Probably  the  glee  'Professional 
Volunteers,'  the  words  of  which  are  given  by 
Hogarth. 

There  was  also  introduced 

20.  Miss  Wigley.  Sung  by  Dibdin.  There  is  also 
a  later  edition,  3  pp.,  published  by  Goulding&  Co. 
(see  No.  10).  Also  sung  in  '  The  Melange,'  1808. 

1808  (?).  Rent  Day  ;  or  The  Yeoman's  Friend.  A 
Table  Entertainment  written  and  composed  by 
Charles  Dibdin. 

I  have  been  unable  to  trace  the  date  of 
first  performance.  The  songs,  «fec.,  according 
to  Hogarth,  were  as  follows.  I  have  only 
seen  published  copies  of  four,  which  are  in 
folio,  price  Is.,  signed  by  Dibdin. 
•1.  Healths  (Glee). 

*2.  The  Lion,  the  Puppy,  and  the  Mastiff. 
3.  The  Clown  turned  Sailor.    Written  and  com- 
posed by  Mr.  Dibdin,  and  Sung  by  Mr.  Woelf  at 
the   Sans  Pareil,   In  his   New  Entertainment  of 
Rent  Day,  or  The  Yeoman's  Friend.  Printed  and 
Published  for  the  Author  at  his  Music  Warehouse 
No.   125  Strand  &  Sold  by  his  Appointment  by 
Bland   &    Weller    No.    25    Oxford    St.    &     Mr. 
Wheatstone  Xo.  436  Strand.    For  two  flutes  on 
p.  3  ;  fourth  page  blank. 
*4.  Widow  Walmsley's  Shiners. 
*5.  Duet  between  a  Tar  and  a  Clown. 
*6.  The  Labourers  (a  Glee). 
7.  Joan    is  as    Good    as    My  Lady.      Sung   by 
Dibdin.    Arrangement  for  two  flutes.    4  pp. 
*8.  The  Peasant's  Funeral.  Sung  by  Mr.  Herbert. 
*9.  The  Sailor's  Dream. 
»10.  The  Total  Eclipse. 
*11.  Britannia's  Name. 
"12.  The  Dinner  Party. 

13.  The  Thrasher.  3  pp.— Hogarth  says  this  was 
written  for  the  Stratford  Jubilee,  1769. 
*14.  The  Laudable  Contention. 
*15.  Noses. 

*16.  The  Concert  of  Nature. 
*17.  The  Sailor's  bring-up. 

18.  The  Preservation  of  the  Braganzas.  Sung 
by  Mr.  Woelf.  4  pp. 

*19.  Finale.     "All  you  who  have  light  heels." 
According  to  a  contemporary  songbook  there 
were  also  introduced  : — 
*20.  The  Temple  of  Freedom  (a  Glee). 
*21.  Adam  and  his  Rib  (a  Glee). 

E.  RIMBAULT  DIBDIN. 
Morningside,  Sud worth  Road,  New  Brighton. 
( To  be  continued. ) 


SHAKESPEARE'S  BOOKS. 
(See  9th  S.  v.  329  ;  vi.  144,  2a%  464 ;  vii.  163,  423  ; 

viii.  78,  ISO,  321 ;  xi.  64,  203  ;  xii.  7,  463.) 
PUTTENHAM,  in  his  Second  Book  of  'Propor- 
tion Poetical,'  speaking  of  device  or  emblem, 
says : — 

"The  Greeks  call  it  Emblema,  the  Italiens 
Impresa,  and  we,  a  Device,  such  as  a  man  may  put 
into  letters,  or  cause  to  be  embroidered  in  Scutchions 


of  arms  or  any  bordure  of  a  rich  garment  to  give  by 
his  novelty  marvel  to  the  beholder." 

To  this  tmpresa  Shakespeare  refers  in 
'  Richard  II.,'  III.  i.,  when  Bolingbroke, 
addressing  Bushy  and  Green,  says  : — 

You  have  fed  upon  my  signories, 
Dispark'd  my  parks  and  fell'd  my  forest  woods, 
From  my  own  windows  torn  my  household  coat> 
Razed  out  my  imprese,  leaving  me  no  sign, 
Save  men's  opinions  and  my  living  blood, 
To  show  the  world  I  am  a  gentleman. 

The  tearing  of  Bolingbroke's  household 
coat  was  actionable,  according  to  the  old 
legal  maxim  quoted  by  Coke,  "  Actio  datur 
si  quis  arma,  in  aliquo  loco  posita,  delevit  seu 
abrasit"  (3  '  Institute,'  202). 

In  '  Pericles,'  II.  ii.,  Thaisa  describes  the 
devices  on  the  shields  of  the  six  knights. 

W.  L.  RUSHTON. 
(To  be  continued.) 


"  JONG,"  TIBETAN  WORD. — According  to  the 
Literary  World,  27  May,  p.  509  :— 

"  The  newspaper  poets  have  been  making  hay  with 
jingles  about  the  'jingal'  and  the  'jong,'  words 
that,  after  thousands  of  years' use  among  the  nomads 
of  Tibet,  have  at  last  found  their  way  into  the 
English  language  through  the  incautious  use  of 
them  in  the  official  telegrams  from  the  British 
Mission  at  Gyangtse." 

"Jingal"  is  in  the  'N.E.D.,'  but  "Jong" 
appears  to  be  a  new  importation  into  English. 
It  is  a  pure  Tibetan  word,  and  its  correct 
orthography  is  rdzong,  but  the  initial  r  is 
silent,  so  that  the  actual  sound  is  dzong.  It 
means  a  fortress.  There  are  very  few  Tibetan 
terms  in  English,  mostly  names  of  animals, 
such  as  the  kiang,  the  sakin  or  skeen  (Tibetan 
skyin),  the  shapho,  the  yak,  and  others. 

JAS.  PLATT,  Jun. 

HERBERT  SPENCER  AND  CHILDREN.— The 
following  extract  from  'Rambler's  Chit  Chat/ 
in  the  Wilts  and  Gloucestershire  Standard 
of  14  May,  is,  I  think,  worth  preservation  in 
•  N.  &  Q.'  :- 

"  It  may  interest  my  readers  to  know  that  the 
little  children  whom  Spencer,  the  dull  old  bachelor, 
delighted  to  have  about  him,  and  on  more  than 
one  occasion  '  borrowed '  in  order  to  enjoy  the 
happinessof  their  society,  were  the  little  datightersof 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  W.  Harrison  Cripps.  Mrs.  Cripps,  rt 
will  be  remembered,  was  a  daughter  of  Mr.  Richard 
Potter,  of  Standish.  The  story— pretty,  although 
told  in  elaborate  Spencerese— is  worth  quoting: 
'When  at  Brighton  in  1887,  suffering  the  ennui  of 
an  invalid  life,  passed  chiefly  in  bed  and  on  the  sofa, 
I  one  day,  while  thinking  over  modes  of  killing 
time,  bethought  me  that  the  society  of  children 
might  be  a  desirable  distraction.  The  girls  above 
referred  to  [the  Misses  Potter]  were  most  of  them* 
at  the  time  I  speak  of,  married  and  had  families  ^ 
and  one  of  them— Mrs.  W.  Cripps— let  me  have  two 
of  her  little  ones  for  a  fortnight.  The  result  of 


466 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  JUNE  n,  IQM. 


being  thus  placed  in  a  nearer  relation  to  children 
than  before  was  to  awaken,  in  a  quite  unanticipated 
way,  the  philoprogenitive  instinct — or  rather  a 
vicarious  phase  of  it ;  and  instead  of  simply  affording 
me  a  little  distraction  the  two  afforded  me  a  great 
<ieal  of  positive  gratification.  When  at  Dorking,  a 
year  afterwards,  I  again  petitioned  to  have  them, 
and  again  there  passed  a  fortnight  which  was 
pleasurable  to  me  and  to  them.  Such  was  the 
effect  that  from  that  time  to  this  (1893)  the  presence 
of  a  pair  of  children,  now  from  this  family  of  the 
clan  and  now  from  that,  has  formed  a  leading 
gratification — I  may  say  the  chief  gratification — 
•during  each  summer's  sojourn  in  the  country.' " 

A.  E.  S. 

ASTWICK  :  AUSTWICK.— The  Standard  of 
April  12  speaks  of  "Astwick  Manor,  Hatfield." 
Turning  to  a  gazetteer,  I  find  three  "  Astwicks" 
mentioned  :  one  in  Beds,  another  in  North- 
amptonshire, and,  last,  "Astwick,  Yorkshire; 
see  Austwick."  It  is  noteworthy  that  the 
villagers  who  live  at  the  place  last  named 
-always  spelt  the  name  as  "  Awstwick  "  in  my 
time,  but  pronounced  it  as  "Asstick,"  which 
sound  I  presume  the  "Astwick ''  of  the  other 
places  mentioned  also  signifies.  If  such  of 
the  British  public  as  are  eager  to  latinize 
the  English  a  will  kindly  note,  it  is  no  use 
saying  that  Astwick  is  "  properly  "  pronounced 
41  Orstwick,"  because  the  rude  forefathers  of 
the  hamlet,  when  my  grandfather  was  living 
{hard  by),  pronounced  their  place-name 
Asstick,  though  spelling  it  Awstwick,  as  now. 

YORKSHIREMAN. 

PORTUGUESE  VERSION  OF  THE  APHIKIA 
STORY.— In  John  Adamson's  '  Lusitania  Illus- 
trata'(Newcastle-on-Tyne,  1846)  I  find  in  the 
section  on  minstrelsy  a  romance  entitled  '  O 
Chapim  d'  El  -  Rei,'  which  forms  another 
variant  of  the  Aphikia  story  (9th  S.  xii.  222, 
261).  The  legend  is  that  of  the  "lion's 
tracks."  The  king  gains  admission  to  the 
•chamber  of  the  virtuous  lady,  who  is  all 
unconscious  of  his  visit.  In  the  haste  of  his 
departure  the  king  loses  one  of  his  slippers, 
which  is  found  by  the  husband.  Hardung 
classes  this  poem  as  modern.  It  was  recon- 
structed by  Almeida-Garrett  from  fragments 
preserved  orally,  and  he  allows  that  the  old 
stones  are  kept  in  their  place  by  a  free  use 
of  his  own  modern  cement.  It  has,  however, 
sufficient  of  the  older  form  to  show  that  a 
version  of  the  "  lion's  tracks  "  formed  part  of 
the  popular  poetry  of  Portugal. 

WILLIAM  E.  A.  AxoN. 

'  PLUMPTON  CORRESPONDENCE.'— This  book, 
issued_  by  the  Camden  Society  in  1839,  is  a 
most  interesting  volume,  but  it  contains  not 
a  few  mistakes.  At  p.  36  for  "  countre  "  read 
•counter,  and  at  p.  37  for  "  elme  "  read  elne. 
On  p.  42  is  a  letter  from  a  merchant  of  York, 


dated  1481,  signed  "  William  Joddopkan." 
This  is  an  impossible  name,  and  is  doubtless 
a  misreading  of  "  Jowekyn."  William  Jowe- 
kyn,  shipman,  became  a  freeman  of  York  in 
1441-2  :  see  Surtees  Soc.,  vol.  xcvi.  p.  161. 

W.  C.  B. 

A  PEDIGREE  IN  1640.  —  The  following, 
besides  being  a  good  example  of  a  nun- 
cupative will,  is  interesting  as  showing  the 
value  attached  to  a  pedigree  in  the  estima- 
tion of  a  Welsh  gentleman  of  the  reign  of 
Charles  I. :  — 

"  The  Will  of  Edward  Gwynne. 
"  Memorandum  that  Edward  Gwynne  of  Furne- 
vall's  Inn,  London,  gentleman,  being  of  perfect 
mind  and  memorie  wth  an  intent  to  settle  and 
dispose  of  his  estate,  did  in  the  moneths  of  Aprill, 
May,  and  June,  1640,  or  one  of  them,  make  and 
declare  his  last  Will  and  Testament  nuncupative 
in  manner  and  forme  followinge  (viz1)  I  have  but 
few  kindred,  and  to  them  I  have  given  theire 
pedegree  in  my  lifetime  wch  is  all  I  intend  to  give 
them,  but  all  my  goods,  chambers,  and  books  in 
Furnevall's  Inn  and  els  where  I  give  and  bequeath 
unto  Alexander  Chorley  gen.  All  which  the  said 
testator  did  declare  in  the  presence  of  divers 
credible  witnesses,  &c. 

"(Signed)  Robert  Dixsonne. 

"  The  marke  of  James  Cooper. 

"  The  marke  of  John  Holden. 

"The  marke  of  Marie  Woodcroft. 

"The  marke  of  Faith  Negus." 

On  12  February,  1649/50,  issued  a  com- 
mission to  Alexander  Chorley,  gent.,  the 
principal  legatee  named  in  the  will,  to 
administer  the  goods,  &c.  (P.C.C.  18  Pem- 
broke). GEORGE  SHERWOOD. 

50,  Beecrofb  Road,  Brockley,  S.E. 

"FETISH."  —  All  the  quotations  in  the 
'  H.E.D.'  under  this  word  refer  to  the  natives 
of  Africa ;  but  the  following  seems  to  imply 
that  it  had  a  near  relation  in  the  north  of 
Europe.  A  traveller  in  Nova  Zembla  in 
1670  says  :— 

"  We  advanced  farther  into  the  Country,  where 
on  a  small  Hillock  we  perceiv'd  a  piece  of  Wood 
cut  out  in  the  figure  of  a  Man,  with  wretched 
Sculpture.  Before  it  were  two  Zemblians  on  their 
Knees,  their  Arms  lying  by  them  ;  they  were  wor- 
shiping this  Idol,  as  the  others  on  the  Shoar  were 

adoring  the  Sun This  Idol  is  call'd  Fetizo,  and 

they  say  the  Devil  entered  it  sometimes." — '  A  New 
Voyage  to  the  North,'  p.  216. 

AYEAHR. 

ROPEMAKERS'  ALLEY  CHAPEL,  LlTTLE 
MOORFIELDS. — In  1693  this  Independent  meet- 
ing-house was  rebuilt,  and  I  hold  the  original 
balance-sheet.  Calamy  and  Wilson  mention 
some  of  the  contributors.  Walter  Cross  (d. 
1701)  was  pastor;  Edward  Stanton  (d.  1718) 
was  treasurer.  Other  names  are  :  "  Cosen 
John  Stanton,"  Capt.  Joseph  Bowles,  William 
Tompson  (a  builder),  Thomas  Crundell,  Moses 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


467 


•Cook  (was  he  the  horticulturist1?),  William 
Wells,  Sir  Robert  Rich.  When  John  Asty 
<d.  1730)  was  pastor,  the  following  were 
among  the  members :  Lady  Rich,  Madame 
•Crouch  (d.  1714),  Madame  Gibon,  Mrs.  Moore, 
Madame  Elen  Fleet  wood  (d.  1731),  Madame 
Elizabeth  Fleetwood  (d.  1728),  Madame  Jane 
Fleetwood  (d.  1761),  Mary  Carter  (was  she 
Oliver's  granddaughter  ?— she  first  appears 
as  a  member  in  1724),  Capt.  Samuel  Richards 
(d.  1719),  Madame  Cook,  and  Joseph  Alleine. 
The  congregation  still  meets  at  Latimer 
•Chapel,  Stepney.  STANLEY  B.  ATKINSON. 
Inner  Temple. 

A  MEVAGISSEY  DUCK. — I  heard  a  woman 
at  Boscastle,  in  North  Cornwall,  call  a  her- 
ring a  "  Mevagissey  duck."  Mevagissey  is  a 
fishing  village  on  St.  Austell  Bay  in  South 
•Cornwall.  The  expression  seems  worth  pre- 
serving. H.  2. 

_  WESTMINSTER  ABBEY  CHANGES. — An  altera- 
tion in  the  government  of  places  is  almost 
inevitably  the  cause  of  some  changes.  With 
the  death  of  Dean  Bradley  and  the  appoint- 
ment of  the  Rev.  J.  Armitage  Robinson,  D.D., 
to  the  position  of  Dean,  some  few  alterations 
have  been  made,  which  I  feel  should  be 
recorded  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  A  fresh  pulpit  has 
been  placed  in  the  nave  of  the  Abbey  for  use 
at  the  popular  Sunday  evening  services  in 
that  part  of  the  building,  and  the  one 
•designed  by  the  late  Sir  G.  Gilbert  Scott, 
that  had  done  duty  there  for  somewhere 
about  forty  years,  has  been  presented  by  the 
Dean  and  Chapter  to  the  new  Cathedral  of 
St.  Anne  at  Belfast.  The  "new"  one,  how- 
ever, is  stated  to  be  the  oldest  in  the  Abbey, 
as  it  dates  from  the  time  of  Henry  VIII. 
It  has  been  very  little  seen,  having  been 
hidden  in  an  out  -  of  -  the  -  way  corner  in 
Henry  VII.'s  Chapel.  It  is  of  panelled 
oak,  and  is  considered  a  beautiful  specimen 
of  workmanship,  and  of  much  interest  in 
its  associations,  as  from  it  Archbishop  Cran- 
mer  preached  both  the  coronation  and 
funeral  sermons  of  Edward  VI.  It  is  of 
very  quaint  and  picturesque  design,  being 
one  of  the  kind  known  as  "  wineglass " 
pulpits,  from  the  fact  that  in  the  modelling 
they  follow  the  shape  of  many  of  the  Com- 
munion cups.  This  one  is  hexagonal ;  the 
pedestal  upon  which  it  stands  is  slender  and 
very  graceful.  It  is  somewhat  small,  and, 
one  would  think,  is  likely  in  some  cases  to 
be  rather  inconvenient  in  use.*  At  present 
a  very  awkward  flight  of  steps  leads  up  to  it; 

There  is  a  small  sounding-board  attached  to 
it  by  a  board  at  the  back. 


but  this  will  probably  be  altered  before  long. 
It  was  used  for  the  first  time  at  the  evening 
service  on  Trinity  Sunday,  7  June,  1903, 
when  Canon  Hensley  Henson  preached. 

Another  change  has  been  in  the  hour  for 
opening  the  doors  at  the  afternoon  services 
on  Sunday.  This  was  formerly  2  o'clock, 
but  has  now  been  fixed  at  2.30,  which  arrange- 
ment came  into  operation  on  the  first  Sunday 
after  Christmas. 

The  children's  service  held  on  Innocents' 
Day,  28  December,  since  the  days  of  Dean 
Stanley,  has  been  transferred  to  2  February, 
the  day  of  the  "Presentation  of  Christ  in 
the  Temple,  commonly  called  the  Purification 
of  St.  Mary  the  Virgin,"  the  Dean  thinking 
that  this  arrangement  will  better  meet  the 
convenience  of  the  children,  as  he  desires  to 
see  the  little  ones  form  the  larger  part  of 
the  congregation,  which  has  certainly  not 
been  the  case  of  late  years. 

Among  minor  changes  in  the  staff  of  the 
Abbey  it  may  be  recorded  that  Mr.  Hughes, 
the  well-known  "Dean's  Verger,'3  has  retired, 
having  been  granted  a  pension,  his  service 
being  one  of  many  years ;  and  Mr.  Dunn, 
another  verger,  has  also  retired.  Mr.  Hughes 
has  been  succeeded  by  Mr.  Weller,  hitherto 
the  Canons'  Verger,  his  place  being  taken  by 
Mr.  Kemp,  the  beadle,  that  office  being  now 
filled  by  Mr.  Rice,  a  comparative  new-comer. 
W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 

Westminster. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct.  

BARNES:  'THE  DEVIL'S  CHARTER.'  — A 
tragedy  of  this  name  was  published  in  1(507 
by  Barnaby  Barnes,  and  in  it  parallels  have 
been  found  to  passages  in  'The  Tempest'  and 
'  Cymbeline.'  Has  this  ever  been  reprinted, 
either  separately  or  in  any  collection  of 
plays,  in  an  accessible  edition  ?  and  what  is 
the  plot  of  it  ?  CHARLES  R.  DAWES. 

['The  Tragedy  of  Pope  Alexander  VI.,'  4to,  1607, 
is  by  Barnaby  Barnes.  '  The  Devil's  Charter,' 
"containing  the  life  and  death  of  Pope  Alex- 
ander VI.,"  was  played  by  the  King's  Men  before 
his  Majesty  on  Candlemas  night  (2  Feb.),  1606  The 
play  has  not,  we  believe,  been  reprinted.  The  story 
seems  to  be  derived  from  Guicciardini.] 

IMMANUEL  KANT'S  ORIGIN.  —  About  the 
year  1678  Hans  Cant  and  his  wife,  both 
Scots,  left  Scotland,  and,  by  way  of  Sweden, 
reached  Memel,  in  East  Prussia,  where  Hans 


468 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        uoth  s.  i.  JUNE  11, 1904. 


worked  as  a  saddler,  or  strap-maker.  He  had 
left  Scotland  in  company  with  other  Scots, 
amongst  whom  occur  the  names  of  Cant, 
Douglas,  Hamilton,  Simpson,  <fec. 

Of  those  named  Cant,  some  remained  in 
Sweden,  and  at  various  periods  became 
agriculturists  in  North  Fjust;  some  served 
as  soldiers  or  under  -  officers,  one  being 
called  Lars ;  another  was  an  organist, 
favourably  known  to  the  Bishop  of  Lin- 
koping, from  whom  this  account  of  several 
Cants  was  derived  in  1797.  In  that  same 
year  (1797)  one  Carl  Friedrich  Kanth  wrote 
from  Lerum,  near  Goteborg,  to  Immanuel 
Kant,  of  Konigsberg,  grandson  of  Hans, 
claiming  relationship  with  him,  which 
Immanuel  neither  acknowledged  nor  denied. 

Information  is  now  earnestly  desired  by 
the  writer  of  this  memorandum  (who  is 
descended  from  Cants  in  Scotland  and  Kants 
in  Pommern)  whether  it  is  practicable  to 
obtain  the  assistance  of  any  Swedish  Cant 
(Kant,  Kanth)  of  Scotch  extraction,  or  of 
any  other  fit  person,  to  make  inquiries  in 
Lerum,  Goteborg,  Linkoping,  and  Fjust. 

If  such  a  person  can  be  found,  he  may, 
perhaps,  discover  some  traces  of  Cants  who 
settled  in  Sweden  in  1678,  and  whose 
descendants  may  have  declared  themselves 
of  kin  to  the  great  philosopher,  and  possessed 
of  traditions  of  the  Scottish  parish  or  place 
from  which  Hans  Cant  came.  The  directories 
of  Goteborg  and  Linkoping  may  perhaps 
show  Cant  in  a  Swedish  form. 

One  hundred  marks  are  offered  for  any 
authentic  document,  in  writing  or  print, 
that  distinctly  connects  any  living  Swedish 
descendants  of  Scottish  Cants  with  any 
parish  or  place  in  Scotland  about  A.D.  1678, 
in  which  parish  or  place  satisfactory  con- 
firmation of  such  connexion  still  remains. 

KANTIUS. 

Quinta  dos  Tanquinhos,  Madeira. 

MARGARET  BISET.—  Matthew  Paris  ('Chro- 
nica  Majora,'  [Rolls]  iv.  200)  speaks  of  the 
death  of  this  maid  of  Queen  Eleanor  as  one  of 

"genere  prseclara cujusdam  bonse  dooms 

sanctimonialium  fundatrix."  I  shall  be  glad 
to  know  the  family  to  which  this  saviour  of 
Henry's  life  belonged,  and  the  name  of  the 
nunnery  founded  by  her.  I  have  looked  in 
vain  in  the  index  to  Dugdale. 

ROBERT  J.  WHITWELL. 

RAY'S  ITINERARIES.— I  should  be  very 
much  obliged  to  any  one  who  would  tell  me 
the  present  whereabouts  of  the  originals  of 
the  Itineraries  of  John  Ray  the  naturalist, 
which  commence  in  1658.  George  Scott,  of 
Woolston  Hall,  near  Chigwell,  in  Essex 


printed   them  in   1760,  and  they    were   re- 
printed in  1846  by  Dr.  E.  Lankaster. 

According  to  Appendix  A  to  the  Ray 
Society's  edition  of  the  '  Correspondence  of 
John  Ray,'  Scott  died  in  1780— some  years 
after  William  Derham  (his  uncle  by  marriage) 
— and  his  library,  &c.,  were  sold  in  July, 
1782,  and  possibly  these  MSS.  of  Ray's  afc 
bhe  same  time.  I  have  ascertained  from. 
Mr.  Warner  that  they  are  not  in  the  Depart- 
ment of  MSS.  at  the  British  Museum. 

J.   H.   GURNEY. 

Keswick  Hall,  Norwich. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED. — I  shall 
be  glad  to  learn  the  source  of  the  following 
quotations,  the  latest  date  possible  being 
1790  :— 

1.  Death  could  not  a  more  sad  retinue  find, 
Sickness  and   pain   before,  and   darkness    all 

behind. 

2.  He  deigns  His  influence  to  infuse. 
Secret,  refreshing  as  the  silent  dews. 

3.  Union  of  mind,  as  in  us  all  one  soul. 

4.  A  mountain  huge  upreared 
Its  broad,  bare  back. 

5.  His  [Homer's]  scolding  heroes,  and  his  wounded 


6.  An  hoary,  reverend,  and  religious  man. 

7.  No  dying  brute  I  view  in  anguish  here, 
But  from  my  melting  eye  descends  a  tear. 

8.  0  what  a  tuneful  wonder  seized  the  throng, 

When   Marlbro's   conquering  name  alarmed 

the  foe  ! 

Had  Whiznowhisky  led  the  armies  on, 
The  general's  scarecrow  name  had  foiled  each 
blow. 

9.  But  [or  and]  wondered  at  the  strange  man's  face, 

As  one  they  ne'er  had  known. 

10.  How  long  ?   How  soon  will  they  upbraid 
Their  transitory  master  dead  ! 

11.  A  not-expected,  much  unwelcome  guest. 

12.  The  rage  of  Arctos  and  eternal  frost. 

C.  LAWRENCE  FORD. 

ALAKE. — Is  the  origin  known  of  the  regal 
style  of  the  Abbeokutan  ruler  now  here  on  a 
visit  ?  On  the  one  hand,  it  might  be,  like  our 
own  Alick,  a  survival  of  Alexander,  _  a Ae£w, 
or,  again,  from  Melech  (minus  its  initial), 
the  Semitic  form,  and  general  with  Arabs. 
We  are  all  familiar  with  the  archaic  Melchi- 
zedek.  A.  H. 

PROCESSION  DOOR.  —  John  Pynok,  draper, 
of  Sandwich,  by  his  will,  dated  1499,  desired 
to  "  be  buried  in  the  churchyard  of  St.  Peter 
in  Sandwich,  before  the  procession  door  of 
the  same  church."  Which  door  of  a  parish 
church  would  be  the  "procession  door"? 
The  church  of  St.  Peter  in  Sandwich  has 
a  north  door  with  a  large  porch,  and  also 


.  i.  JUNE  ii.im]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


469 


a  west  door  without  a  porch.     There  was  a 
south  door,  but  the  south  aisle  was  never 
rebuilt  after  the  fall  of  the  upper  part  of  the 
tower  on  13  Oct.,  1661.      ARTHUR  HUSSEY. 
Tankerton-on-Sea,  Kent. 

DOGE  OF  VENICE. — I  have  read  somewhere 
in  fiction  or  history  of  a  Doge  of  Venice 
whose  likeness  was  blotted  out,  in  con- 
sequence of  some  offence  against  the  State. 
Can  any  reader  favour  me  with  references  ? 
W.  CLARK  THOMLINSON. 

Whickham,  co.  Durham. 

MAGNA  CHARTA. — I  have  a  copy  of  Magna 
Charta,  London,  1618,  24mo,  inlaid  to  4to, 
which  contains  the  book-plate  of  Richard 
Clark,  Chamberlain  of  London.  The  numerous 
annotations  in  this  are— so  the  tradition  runs 
— in  Blackstone's  hand.  Can  any  one  inform 
me  where  a  copy  of  the  sale  catalogue  of 
Richard  Clark's  library  may  be  consulted  1 

D.  M. 

Philadelphia. 

ESTREGE. — In  the  Devonshire  Domesday 
Survey  Almar  Estrege,  a  thane,  held  three 
ferlings  in  the  manor  of  Hela,  T.R.E.  What 
does  Estrege  denote  1 

GREGORY  GRUSELIER. 

RICHARD  PINCERNA.  —  Who  was  Richarc 
Pincerna,  to  whom  was  granted  the  manor 
of  Conestone,  in  Cornwall,  about  1147,  by 
Robert,  son  of  Robert,  Earl  of  Gloucester' 
Can  any  one  give  me  an  alternative  name 
for  him  ?  J.  HAMBLEY  ROWE,  M.B. 

WHITTY  TREE.— Between  Bromfield  (the 
station  for  Ludlow  races)  and  Onibury  (on 
the  Great  Western  joint  railway)  is  a  small 
hamlet  called  Whitty  Tree.  What  is  the 
meaning  of  the  name  ?  H.  GEORGE. 

KING  JOHN'S   CHARTERS. — Will  some  one 
kindly  state  what  places  are  signified  by  the 
following  names  ] — 
1199,  "  datum  apud  Valle  Rodol." 
1199,  "datum  apud  Castrum  de  Vir." 
1202,  "datum  apud  Bonam  Villam  super 
Tokam." 

The  appendix  to  Wright's  'Courthand' 
(1815)  gives  an  alphabetical  list  of  ancient 
places  occurring  in  deeds,  but  does  not  men- 
tion either  of  the  above,  unless  "  de  Vir  "  is 
de  Vies  (Devizes),  written  de  Vir  by  error  of 
the  scribe,  who  was  quoting  from  the  original, 
a  recited  charter.  W.  I. 


to  the  English  Ambassador  in  Holland,  was 
his  own  composition,  or  whether  he  quoted 
from  Andrew  Mar  veil,  who  is  also  credited 
with  the  lines  ?  See  Morning  Post,  25  May, 
fourth  leading  article,  which  says  : — 

"  The  other  resolutions  remind  us  of  the  couplet 
generally  and  wrongfully  ascribed  to  Canning, 
which  was  first  written  by  that  excellent  Puritan 
Andrew  Marvell — They  want  more  money." 

A.   GWYTHER. 
Windham  Club. 

[The  full  correspondence  between  Canning  and 
Sir  Charles  Bagot  was  printed  at  4th  S.  i.  438.  Part 
of  it  was  reprinted,  after  thirty-four  years,  by 
SIB  HARRY  POLAND  at  9th  S.  x.  270,  but  no  sugges- 
tion was  made  that  Canning  was  indebted  to 
Marvell.  ] 

PEMBERTON  FAMILY,  LATE  OF  PETER- 
BOROUGH. —  Information  is  desired  which 
might  lead  to  the  discovery  of  the  will,  or  of 
the  grant  of  administration  to  the  estate, 
of  Robert  Pemberton,  who  was  steward  to 
the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Peterborough,  and 
was  buried  in  Peterborough  Cathedral  in 
November,  1695.  A  tablet  to  his  memory  is 
on  the  south  wall  of  the  chancel.  He  married 
Cecilia  Trevelyan,  whose  will  (proved  in 
1713)  is  in  Somerset  House.  There  is  good 
ground  for  believing  that  his  second  son, 
Robert,  born  in  1659,  emigrated  to  Nevis,  in 
the  West  Indies,  towards  the  end  of  the 
seventeenth  century,  and  I  should  be  glad 
to  learn  any  fact  tending  to  support  or  to 
disprove  this  theory.  R.  C.  B.  P. 

13,  Cresswell  Gardens,  South  Kensington,  S.W. 

LATE  INTELLECTUAL  HARVEST. — Will  any 
readers  help  me  with  information  of  men, 
especially  living,  who  were  either  not  prize- 
winners at  school  or  were  thought  to  be 
rather  dull,  yet  have  become  famous  in  their 
special  line  of  endeavour  in  later  life  ? 

RUDOLPH  DE  CORDOVA. 


"  IN  MATTERS  OF  COMMERCE."  —  Can  any 
of  your  readers  tell  me  whether  the  quotation 
beginning  "  In  matters  of  commerce  the  fault 
of  the  Dutch,"  sent  by  Canning  in  a  dispatch 


HUQUIER,  ENGRAVERS.  —  I  am  in  search 
of  information  about  the  French  engravers 
Huquier,  father  and  son.  Both  of  them  lived 
in  England.  The  father,  Gabriel  Huquier, 
went  to  England  about  1755  or  1756,  and 
came  back  to  France  about  1762.  The  son, 
James  Gabriel  Huquier,  arrived  in  England 
about  1768,  but  he  settled  there,  and  after 
laving  lived  first  in  London  and  afterwards 
n  Cambridge  (1783),  he  died  in  Shrewsbury, 
7  June,  1805.  He  drew  pastel  and  crayon 
portraits  of  a  certain  value,  and  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  Royal  Academy.  His  works 
were  several  times  shown  at  the  Academy  as 
well  as  at  the  Society  of  British  Artists.  All 
that  I  know  about  him  is  what  I  could  read 
in  Bryan  and  the  'Dictionary  of  National 


470 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  i.  JUNE  11, 


Biography.'  If  any  one  could  give  me  infor- 
mation on  his  private  life,  his  connexions, 
or  some  of  his  works  of  which  no  mention 
is  made  in  the  above  publications,  or  could 
direct  me  to  a  dealer's  where  I  could  find 
some  of  his  original  works  or  engravings, 
I  should  be  very  much  obliged  to  him,  and 
send  him  in  advance  all  my  thanks. 

JEANNE  POTREL. 
15,  Rue  Vivienne,  Paris. 

THE  'TIMES,'  1962.— I  have  a  copy  of  the 
Times,  "  London,  Every  day,  1962,  price  Is., 
No.  55,567, "a four-sided  large  sheet,  "Printed 
for  the  Proprietors  by  Joseph  William  Last, 
of  No.  3,  Savoy  Street,  Strand,  in  the  city 
of  Westminster,  and  published  by  Baynton 
Kolt  at  No.  8,  Catherine  Street,  Strand, 
Every  day,  1962."  The  whole  paper— articles 
and  advertisements — is  humbug ;  but  as  I 
presume  that  it  was  printed  for  some  object, 
I  shall  be  obliged  for  any  information  re- 

fsirding  its  real  date  of  issue  and  its  purpose. 
_he  cost  of  the  issue  must  have  been  con- 
siderable.   Perhaps  some  of  the  readers  of 
'  N.  &  Q.'  can  help  me.  J.  E.  S.  HOPE. 

Belmont,  Murrayfield,  Mid-Lothian. 


THE  PREMIER   GRENADIER  OF  FRANCE. 
(10th  S.  i.  384.) 

LA  TOUR  D'AUVERGNE  belonged  to  the 
46e  demi-brigade,  now  apparently  represented 
by  a  regiment  of  the  same  number.  His 
heart  having  been  placed  in  an  urn,  his  body 
was  enveloped  in  green  oak  branches,  and 
carried  by  grenadiers  to  the  battle-ground 
where  he  had  fallen.  When  it  had  arrived 
at  the  grave,  the  grenadiers  presented  arms, 
and  as  the  bearers  hesitated  as  to  which  way 
they  should  lay  it,  a  voice  came  from  the 
ranks  :  "  Face  a  1'ennemi." 

By  an  order  dated  Augsbourg,  11  Messidor, 
an  VIII.,  written  by  General  Dessoles  in 
the  name  of  Commandant  en  Chef  Moreau, 
it  was  ordered :  That  the  drums  of  the 
grenadiers  of  all  the  army  should  be  draped 
with  black  crape  for  three  days;  that  the 
name  of  La  Tour  d'Auvergne  should  be  kept 
at  the  head  of  the  roll  of  the  46e  demi- 
brigade  ;  that  his  place  should  not  be  filled  up, 
his  company  consisting  in  the  future  of  only 
eighty-two  men ;  that  a  monument  should  be 
erected  in  the  rear  of  Qberhausen  ;  and  that 
chef  de  brigade  Forti,  commander  of  the 
46%  who  had  fallen  by  the  side  of  La  Tour 
dAuvergne,  should  be  buried  with  him 
Two  grenadiers  were  also  buried  with  him 


This  monument  was  erected,  and  in  1837  the 
King  of  Bavaria  put  it  into  good  repair. 

The  silver  urn  containing  the  heart,  covered 
with  black  velvet,  was  carried  at  reviews  by 
the  quartermaster-sergeant  (fourrier),  who 
marched  by  the  side  of  the  colour.  At  each 
roll-call  the  caporal  de  I'escouade  answered  to 
the  name  of  La  Tour  d'Auvergne,  "  Mort  au 
champ  d'honueur."  This  pious  custom  con- 
tinued to  be  observed  by  the  46e  Demi- 
brigade.  The  heart  did  not  cease  to  belong 
to  the  46e  until  the  army  was  reorganized  in 
1814. 

An  order  dated  ler  Thermidor,  an  VIII.,  was 
made  by  the  three  Consuls  that  the  sword  of 
La  Tour  d'Auvergne  should  be  hung  in  the 
Temple  of  Mars,  i.e.,  the  Church  of  the 
Invalides. 

In  the  same  year  8  Fructidor  they  ordered 
that  a  monument  in  his  honour  should  be 
erected  at  Carhaix,  his  native  place.  This 
monument  was  eventually  erected  in  1841 
by  the  Government  of  Louis  Philippe,  which 
had  previously  placed  on  the  house  where 
he  was  born  the  following  inscription  : — 

"  Theophile-Malo  Corret  de  la  Tour  d'Auvergne, 
Premier  Grenadier  de  France,  est  ne  dans  cette 
maison  le  23  decembre  1743." 

The  bronze  statue  by  Marochetti  has  on  its 
pedestal  the  following  : — 

"A    The"ophile-Malo    de   la    Tour   d'Auvergne- 
Corret,  Premier  Grenadier  de  France,  n6  a  Carhaix, 
le  23  decembre  1743,  rnort  au  champ  d'honneur  le 
27  juin  1800." 
The  inscription  appears  also  in  Breton. 

Two  bas-reliefs  by  Marochetti  represent 
La  Tour  d'Auvergne,  sword  in  hand,  leading 
the  way  into  Chambery,  and  his  death  on 
the  heights  of  Neubourg. 

As  to  the  possession  of  the  heart  there  was 
a  long  lawsuit  between  the  family  of  La 
Tour  d'Auvergne-Lauraguais  and  the  heiress 
in  the  direct  line,  viz.,  Madame  du  Pontavice, 
daughter  of  Madame  Guillart  de  Kersausic, 
ne'e  Jeanne-Marie-Sain te  Limon  du  Timeur. 
Madame  du  Pontavice  was  successful,  gaining 
possession  of  the  heart  arid  of  the  arms  of 
the  "brave  des  braves,"  by  a  judgment  of 
the  Royal  Court  of  Montpellier,  1  December, 
1840. 

I  have  taken  the  above  from  "  Le  Premier 
Grenadier  de  France  La  Tour  d'Auvergne 
Etude  Biographique  par  Paul  Deroulede 
Paris  Georges  Hurtrel  1886." 

Limon  du  Timeur  married  in  or  about  1773 
Marie-Anne-Michelle  de  Corret,  sister  of  La 
Tour  d'Auvergne  (see  ibid.,  p.  57). 

If  the  order  of  the  Ier  Thermidor,  an  VIII., 
was  carried  out,  at  all  events  the  sword  did 


io">  s.i.  JUNE  11,  low.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


not  remain  permanently  at  the  Invalides. 
M.  Deroulede,  in  his  preface  (p.  13),  speaks  of 
having  seen  it  in  the  museum  of  the  Hotel 
Carnavalet,  Paris,  where,  according  to  a 
foot-note,  it  had  been  placed  by  a  deci- 
sion of  the  Municipal  Council.  The  note 
adds  that  it  had  been  brought  back  to 
France,  and  delivered  to  the  President  of  the 
Municipal  Council,  meeting  in  public,  by 
the  Italian  General  Canzio,  son-in-law  of 
Garibaldi,  on  22  June,  1883.  How  it  got  into 
his  hands  does  not  appear. 

There  appears  to  have  been  a  legend — 
perhaps  a  true  one — that  the  heart  used  to 
be  sometimes  carried  on  the  colour  of  the 
regiment.  M.  Deroulede  (p.  11,  preface), 
speaking  of  the  impression  made  on  his  mind 
by  the  stories  of  the  Premier  Grenadier  de 
France,  says :  "  Une  chose  surtout  me  frap- 
pait:  c'etait  ce  cosur  d'argent  suspendu  au 
drapeau  du  regiment :  c'etait,"  &c. 

Lever,  in  his  'Tom  Burke  of  Ours' 
(chap,  xlv.),  gives  a  version  of  the  story  of 
the  muster-roll.  He  makes  the  regiment  the 
45th  of  the  line,  and  the  reply  given  by 
"the  first  soldier,"  "Mort  sur  le  champ  de 
bataille."  ROBERT  PIERPOINT. 


TIDES  WELL  AND  TIDESLOW  (9th  S.  xii.  341, 
517  ;  10th  S.  i.  52,  91,  190,  228,  278,  292,  316, 
371). — On  p.  371  it  is  said  that  railway  usage 
is  responsible  for  a  change  of  stress,  and  con- 
sequent obscuring  of  the  etymology,  of  Car- 
lisle, the  accent  being  rightly  on  the  last 
syllable.  This  was  discussed  nine  years  ago 
(8th  S.  vii.),  and  I  do  not  desire  to  enter  on 
the  general  question  of  the  right  way  of 
accenting  the  word  ;  but  as  a  definite  asser- 
tion has  been  made  with  regard  to  the  effect 
of  the  introduction  of  railways,  perhaps 
I  may  be  permitted  to  point  out  some 
facts.  I  have  lived  all  my  life  in  the 
diocese  of  Carlisle.  I  can  remember  nearly 
half  a  century,  and  when  I  was  young 
knew  many  persons  whose  pronunciation 
had  been  acquired  in  pre-railway  times. 
Moreover,  I  have,  during  the  last  few 
days,  referred  the  question  to  an  educated 
lady,  eighty  years  of  age,  and  with  a  very 
good  memory.  This  lady's  remembrance 
agrees  with  mine  that  educated  people  used 
to  accent  Carlisle  on  the  first  syllable.  Un- 
educated people  sometimes  said  "C'rlisle," 
with  the  accent  on  the  second  syllable,  the 
first  one  being  very  short ;  but,  on  the  other 
hand,  those  who  were  so  old-fashioned  as  to 
use  the  dialect  name  "Carel"  inevitably 
placed  the  accent  on  the  first  syllable,  the 
vowel  in  the  second  one  being  quite  obscure. 


To  go  back  to  a  time  more  remote  from  rail- 
ways, Edmund  Waller,  who  was  in  a  position 
to  know  the  accepted  pronunciation  of  the 
title  of  Lord  and  Lady  Carlisle,  distinctly 
accents  it  on  the  first.  In  the  1729  edition 
there  are  seven  instances,  including  one  by 
his  editor,  Fenton,  none  of  which  is  a  rime, 
and  only  two  of  which  are  at  the  beginnings 
of  lines.  Except  for  considerations  of  space, 
I  would  send  the  quotations.  U.  V.  W. 

SIR  HERBERT  MAXWELL  says  that  "  Brid- 
lington "  (Yorks)  is  sounded  "  Burlington " 
by  the  Bridlington  people.  May  I  (as  a 
Yorkshireman)  point  out  that  in  my  county 
there  is  a  readiness  to  transpose  the  rin  such 
a  word  as  Bridlington,  and  to  put  the  i 
first,  when  that  word  becomes  "  Birdlington"? 
and  then  the  d  dropping  out  by  a  natural 
tongue-slip — cf.  We(d)nesday) — we  have  the 
word  "Birlington"  left  (not  necessarily 
"  Burlington ").  In  Yorkshire  curds  are 
often  called  by  the  people  cruds ;  burst 
becomes  brossen,  and  many  other  examples 
could  be  mentioned.  While  writing  may  I 
add  a  vigorous  "  Hear  !  hear  ! "  to  the  remarks 
of  DR.  BRUSHFIELD  on  p.  372 1 

YORKSHIREMAN. 

SIR  HERBERT  MAXWELL  writes  : — 

"Bridlington  in  Yorkshire,  a  station  on  the 
North  -  Eastern  Railway,  is  locally  pronounced 
'Burlington,'  but  you  will  puzzle  the  booking 
clerk  at  King's  Cross  if  you  do  not  pronounce  it 
according  to  the  written  form,  which  preserves 
the  old  meaning." 

This  is  not  quite  correct.  Both  pronuncia- 
tions have  always  been  used  locally.  "Bur- 
lington" used  to  meet  with  the  greater 
favour,  but  its  adherents  seem  to  be  declining 
in  numbers,  and  the  word  now  is  generally 
spoken  and  written  "  Bridlington."  As  a 
matter  of  some  interest,  it  may  perhaps  be 
recorded  here  that  the  name  often  was  spelt 
"Burlington,"  and  as  such  appeared  on 
maps,  in  guide-books,  and  on  letters,  and, 
I  believe,  still  often  so  appears. 

RONALD  DIXON. 
46,  Marlborough  Avenue,  Hull. 

MR.  ADDY'S  argument  from  the  present 
spelling  of  Duffield  that  Welle  means  a  field 
seems  hardly  conclusive.  The  Domesday 
name  Duvelle  would  naturally  be  abbreviated 
into  Duvel,  and  become  Duveld,  just  as 
Culmton  and  Plynton  become  Collumpton 
and  Plympton  ;  and  Duveld,  as  I  take  it,  is 
the  present  local  pronunciation.  But  what 
evidence  is  there  to  show  that  Duvelle  is  a 
compound  of  Duva  +  wille,  and  not  primarily 
a  personal  name  which  has  become  a  place- 
name  ]  The  Devonshire  Domesday  has  the 


472 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  i.  JUNE  n,  190*. 


same  name,  only  in  combination.  It  knows 
of  two  Duveltons,  now  Doltons.  Besides, 
the  old  English  use  of  "  field  "  is  to  describe 
the  open-field  in  which  the  members  of  the 
community  had  their  several  plots,  not  the 
close  which  the  individual  held.  Bosworth's 
Anglo-Saxon  dictionary  gives  "well"  as 
the  equivalent  of  Willa.  The  Devonshire 
Domesday  knows  of  two  Willas,  now  respec- 
tively Edginswell  and  Coffinswell,  from  the 
names  of  their  proprietors,  besides  a  Bradwell 
or  broad  well  and  a  Shirwell  or  clear  well. 
To  turn  these  wells  into  fields  would  be  a 
little  arbitrary.  OSWALD  J.  REICHEL. 

Lympstone,  Devon. 

THE  LOBISHOME  (10th  S.  i.  327,  417).— I 
quoted  a  passage  from  'Henry  VI.'  which 
showed  that  to  draw  blood  was  supposed  to 
be  a  way  of  undoing  witchcraft.  But  it  may 
be  well  to  show  also  that  it  was  considered  a 
way  of  undoing  transformation  caused  by 
witchcraft.  A  popular  story,  prevalent 
throughout  Europe,  tells  how  a  princess, 
betrothed  to  a  king,  is  changed  by  her  step- 
mother to  a  duck.  The  bird  comes  by  night 
to  visit  her  betrothed,  and  in  human  voice, 
which  she  still  retains,  laments  her  fate.  Her 
betrothed  sheds  three  drops  of  her  blood,  and 
restores  her  to  her  original  form.  This  story 
is  in  Thorpe's  'Yule  Tide  Stories'  and  in 
many  other  books.  E.  YAEDLEY. 

I  should  like  to  point  out  that  the  Portu- 
guese name  for  a  were-wolf  is  lobishomem, 
and  not  as  printed.  E.  E.  STREET. 

ARISTOTLE  AND  MORAL  PHILOSOPHY  (10th  S. 
i.  405).— At  9th  S.  xii.  91  I  gave  my  reason 
for  thinking  that  Aristotle  was  not  mis- 
interpreted by  Shakespeare  and  Bacon. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

POEMS  ON  SHAKESPEARE  (10th  S.  i.  409).— 
DR.  FORSHAW  appears  to  have  been  already 
forestalled  in  the  task  of  compiling  a  volume 
of  tributes  to  our  national  poet.  TheAthenceum, 
21  May,  p.  653, reviews  'The  Praise  of  Shake- 
speare :  an  English  Anthology,'  by  C.  E. 
Hughes.  WILLIAM  JAGGARD. 

139,  Canning  Street,  Liverpool. 

MILITARY  BUTTONS  :  SERGEANTS' CHEVRONS 
(10th  S.  i.  349).— According  to  Mark  Antony 
Lower  in  his  'Curiosities  of  Heraldry,' "the 
chevron,  which  resembles  a  pair  of  rafters,  is 
likewise  of  very  uncertain  origin.  It  has 
generally  been  considered  as  a  kind  of  archi- 
tectural emblem  "  (p.  62).  I  am  inclined  to 
think  that  in  the  eighteenth  century  the 
halbert,  or  halberd,  carried  in  the  hand  de- 
noted the  sergeant.  It  is  mentioned  as  his 


badge  or  ensign  of  office  both  in  'Roderick 
Random,'  by  Smollett,  and  'Amelia,'  by 
Fielding.  In  vol.  xii.  of  the  "Cabinet 
Edition  "  of  the  '  History  of  England '  (con- 
tinuation by  the  Rev.  T.  S.  Hughes,  B.D.) 
the  frontispiece  depicts  the  execution  of 
Admiral  Byng  in  1757.  The  unfortunate 
admiral  is  represented  as  blindfolded,  kneel- 
ing on  a  cushion  in  front  of  the  capstan,  and 
opposite  the  firing  party  of  five  marines, 
wearing  conical  caps,  whilst  the  sergeant  in 
command  holds  in  his  right  hand  a  halberb 
and  has  a  sash  over  his  shoulder. 

JOHN  PicKFORD,  M.A. 
Newbourne  Rectory,  Woodbridge. 

One  may  hope  to  be  set  right  in  the  matter 
if  wrong  ;  but  did  not  the  sergeant's  chevron 
have  its  origin  in  the  pheon  or  broad  arrow, 
which,  as  a  Government  mark,  was  associated 
with  the  military  organization  of  the  City 
trained  bands  ?  Although  it  is  a  disputed 
point  when  the  broad  arrow  assumed  its 
present  distinctive  signification  as  a  Govern- 
ment mark,  there  can  be  little  doubt  that 
it  originated  in  the  badge  of  Richard  I., 
which  was  a  pheon,  or  "  broad  R,"  the  latter 
being  either  a  corruption  of  "  broad  arrow  " 
or  an  abbreviation  of  "Rex"  (see  Palliser's 
'  Devices '),  while  the  pheon  became  a  royal 
badge  through  being  carried  by  the  sergeant- 
at-arms  before  royalty,  like  the  modern  mace. 
It  was  a  barbed  fishing-spear  or  harpoon- 
head,  but  the  indented  inner  edges  of  the 
flanges  of  the  pheon  do  not,  of  course,  appear 
in  the  sergeant's  chevron.  This,  however, 
would  naturally  not  be  an  indispensable 
detail  in  the  distinguishing  marks  on  the 
sleeves  of  non-commissioned  officers. 

J.    HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 
161,  Hammersmith  Road. 

"  SORPENI  " :  "  HAGGOVELE  "  (10th  S.  i.  208, 
256). — The  first  element  of  haggovele  seems  to 
be  derived  from  Icel.  hoggua,  to  cut,  hew, 
while  the  second  is,  without  any  doubt,  the 
Old  English  word  gafol,  gofol,  tax,  tribute, 
rent.  OTTO  RITTER. 

Berlin. 

CHAIR  OF  ST.  AUGUSTINE  (10th  S.  i.  369).— 
The  following  paragraph,  taken  from  the 
Daily  Mail  of  23  January,  1902,  may  consti- 
tute a  reply  to  MR.  ALFRED  HALL'S  question : — 

"  At  a  meeting  of  the  Canterbury  Royal  Museum 
Committee  yesterday  a  letter  was  read  from  the 
Bishop  of  Hereford  asking  for  the  return  of  St. 
Augustine's  chair,  used  by  him  on  his  missionary 
journeys,  which  for  some  time  past  has  occupied  a 
prominent  place  in  the  museum.  The  Bishop  stated 
that  the  chair  was  removed  some  years  ago  from 
the  chancel  of  the  church  at  Bishop's  Stanford,  and 
that  the  vicar  and  parishioners  desired  to  have  it 


io«-  s.i.  JUNE  11, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


473 


back  again.  The  committee  decided  to  reply  that 
they  could  not  consent  to  his  lordship's  request,  as 
they  considered  Canterbury  was  the  proper  place 
for  the  chair.  It  was  statea  that  Mr.  Cocks  John- 
stone  purchased  the  chair  from  a  former  sexton  of 
the  church  at  Bishop's  Stanford,  who  had  rescued 
it  from  the  hands  of  some  masons  engaged  in 
renovating  the  church,  and  who  were  about  to 
burn  it  for  fuel." 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 
West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

This  is  a  somewhat  primitive  oak  chair, 
that  was  turned  out  of  a  parish  church  in 
the  diocese  of  Hereford,  and  is  now  in  the 
museum  at  Canterbury.  Some  people  say 
it  is  the  chair  used  by  St.  Augustine  when 
he  met  the  British  bishops. 

ARTHUR  HUSSEY. 

Tankerton-on-Sea,  Kent. 

FETTIPLACE  (10th  S.  i.  329,  396).— If  DR. 
FORSHAW  will  consult  (as  I  have  done  at  the 
British  Museum)  Kelly's  '  Directory  for  Berk- 
shire '  for  the  year  1803  (under  title  '  Bray,' 
at  p.  42),  he  will  read  as  follows  : — 

"Ockwell  Manor  House. — Now  [1903]  the  resi- 
dence of  Edward  A.  Barry,  Esq.  An  extremely 
fine  timber-framed  mansion,  erected  in  reign  of 
Edward  IV.,  and  enlarged  in  1899  by  present 
owner,  W.  H.  Grenfell,  Esq.,  J.P.,  M.P.  (of  Taplow 
Court),  who  is  the  lord  of  the  manor  (and  other 
manors)." 

I  accurately  recollect  that  in  my  punting 
days— forty-five  or  fifty  years  ago— I  stayed 
a  night  at  the  "George "Inn,  Bray,  for  the 
express  purpose  of  seeing  the  house.  I  had 
the  belief  that  it  was  marked  in  my 
Ordnance  map,  but  cannot  now  find  it. 
Anyway  I  certainly  walked  there,  and  from 
either  Maidenhead  or  Taplow  station. 

EDWARD  P.  WOLFERSTAN. 

Ockwells  Manor — a  most  interesting  his- 
toric building— is  situate  near  Bray  and 
Maidenhead.  Some  illustrations  of  it  will  be 
found  in  Nash's '  Mansions,'  Jesse's  '  Favourite 
Haunts,'  or  in  Country  Life  for  2  April. 

R.  B. 

Upton. 

Ockwells  or  Ockholt  Manor  was  held  by 
the  Fettiplaces  temp.  Henry  VIII.  There 
is  a  view  of  it  in  Lysons's  'Berks,'  p.  247, 
•with  two  plates  of  the  stained-glass  windows 
of  the  banqueting  hall  with  heraldic  designs. 
The  house,  it  is  believed,  was  erected  by  a 
Norreys  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VI. 

R.  J.  FYNMORE. 

Sandgate,  Kent. 

Chauncy,  in  his  '  Historical  Antiquities  of 
Herts,'  mentions  a  Fettiplace.  Sir  Thomas 
Soames,  Sheriff  of  the  City  of  London  1589, 
married  Anne,  the  sister  of  John  Stone,  by 


whom  he  had  four  sons  and  other  children  ;  he- 
died  leaving  the  manor  of  Berkesdon,  Throck- 
ing,  Herts,  1619,  to  his  son  Stephen,  who- 
married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Thomas 
Playter,  of  Satterley,  Suffolk,  by  whom  he 
had  two  sons  and  three  daughters,  one  of 
whom  (Mary)  married  Edward  Fettiplace,  of 
Kingston,  Berks  (vol.  i.  p.  238). 

M.A.OxoN. 

TICKLING  TROUT  (9th  S.  xii.  505  ;  10th  S.  i. 
154,  274,  375).— I  can  assure  MR.  RATCLIFFE 
that  when  trout  are  lying  in  "  holds"  such  as 
our  characteristic  trout-streams  usually  offer, 
the  heads  of  the  fish  will  be  found  in  any 
direction  ;  for  instance,  if  a  rat- hole  lies  right 
athwart  the  direction  of  the  stream's  current, 
then  the  trout  harbouring  in  it  will  be  lying 
in  the  same  direction  —  head  first  up  the 
hole.  It  is  true  that  trout  seem  to  like  (or, 
at  least,  not  to  object  to) the  "tickling";  but 
to  the  "grabbing  with  both  hands1'  they 
would  show  a  decided,  and  in  most  cases 
an  effectual  dislike.  Shakespeare  uses  the 
phrase  "  tickling  for  trout"  metaphorically. 

YORKSHIREMAN. 

"LUTHER'S  DISTICH"  (10th  S.  i.  409).— I 
have  little  doubt  that  the  famous 

Wer  nicht  liebt  Wein,  Weib,  Gesang, 
Er  bleibt  ein  Narr  sein  Leben  lang, 

is  meant.  G.  KRUEGER, 

Berlin. 

As  the  discoverer  of  the  original  diary  of 
Samuel  Teedon,  the  Olney  schoolmaster  and 
"  guide,  philosopher,  and  friend  "  of  the  poet 
Cowper,  after  it  had  been  missing  since 
about  1835,  and  as  its  owner  for  at  least 
twenty  years,  and  having  in  1890  copiously 
annotated  my  transcript  for  publication,  I 
add  what  my  MS.  contains  in  allusion  to 
the  entry  in  question.  I  find,  upon  reference, 
that  I  explain  "Luther's  distich"  to  mean 
probably  the  superscription  on  Lucas  Cra- 
nach's  portrait  of  Luther,  painted  in  1532, 
viz.,  "  In  silentio  et  spe  erit  fortitvdo  vestra." 

E.  C.  is  quite  right  as  the  incorrectness 
of  T.  Wright's  edition  of  the  diary  for  the 
Cowper  Society  in  1902,  which  contains  at 
least  700  errors  (!)— the  first  twenty-three 
pages,  their  many  hundreds  of  errata  in 
the  printer's  rough  proofs  having  been, 
corrected  by  me  (con  amore\  being  the  only 
portion  comparatively  free  from  the  like. 
Mr.  Wright  had  invited  me  to  join  him  in 
the  editorship,  with  my  name  in  the  first 
place  ;  but  I  declined  to  do  so,  as  unworthy 
of  my  reputation,  within  the  limits  and  upon 
the  lines  laid  down  by  him,  and  with  a 
printer  unused  to  book-work.  I,  however, 
at  Mr.  Wright's  request,  assisted  him  in 


474 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  JCXE  n,  100*. 


reading  such  few  portions  of  entries  in  the 
-original  as  he  admitted  his  inability  to  make 
out.  The  name  of  such  to  him  illegible 
passages  must,  in  truth,  have  been  legion. 

W.  I.  JR.  V. 

"THEKE  WAS  A  MAN"  (10th  S.  i.  227,  377).— 
MR.  SNOWDEN  WARD  might  perhaps  find 
in  the  Scotch  version  on  which  I  was 
brought  up  some  more  reason  for  the  tragic 
ending  of  the  nursery  rime  than  in  his 
own.  Ours  is  not  historical,  but  didactic, 
and  addressed  to  a  man,  a  boy,  or  a  girl,  as 
the  case  may  be.  It  begins  : — 

A  man  of  words  and  not  of  deeds 
Is  like  a  garden  set  with  weeds, 
And  when  the  weeds  begin  to  grow. 

The  lines  run  the  same  as  MR.  WARD'S 
version  until  the  end  :  — 

And  when  my  heart  begins  to  bleed, 
Then  I  'm  dead,  dead,  dead  indeed. 

To  avoid  which  tragedy  the  culprit  is 
expected  to  mend.  C.  C.  STOPES. 

I  recollect  hearing  the  verse  repeated  over 
twenty  years  ago,  though  in  the  south  of 
England— in  fact,  in  London;  but,  unlike 
the  rendering  recorded  at  the  second 
reference,  the  first  two  lines  were  : — 

A  man  of  words  and  not  of  deeds 

Is  like  a  garden  full  of  weeds. 

The  whole  verse,  then,  would  seem  to  suggest 
the  antithesis  of  enduring  deeds  —  the 
ephemeral  nature  of  words  in  mere  passive 
promises  unless  followed  by  action. 

H.  SIRR. 

AUTHORS  OF  QUOTATIONS  WANTED  (10th  S. 
i.  428).— The  lines  given  by  Miss  QURNEY  as 
"Rest  after  toil,"  &c.,  are  from  Spenser's 
'Faerie  Queen,'  Book  I.  canto  ix.  verse  40, 
but  are  entirely  misquoted.  They  begin, 
"Sleep  after  toil."  H.  K.  H. 

No  endeavour  is  in  vain,  &c. 
See  Longfellow, '  The  Wind  over  the  Chim- 
ney '  (last  verse).  J.  FOSTER,  D.C.L. 

The  third  quotation  asked  for  by  Lucis, 
"Everything  that  grows,"  is  the  opening  of 
Shakespeare's    fifteenth    Sonnet   (somewhat 
imperfectly  rendered) : — 
When  I  consider  everything  that  grows 
Holds  in  perfection  but  a  little  moment, 
That  this  huge  stage  presenteth  nought  but  shows 
Whereon  the  stars  in  secret  influence  comment. 

C.  C.  S. 


re 


[Several  correspondents  are  thanked  for  similar 
iferences.] 

DOCUMENTS  IN  SECRET  DRAWERS  (10th  S.  i. 
427). — The  classical  stories  of  the  recovery  of 
lost  documents  are  by  Sir  Walter  Scott,  one 


in  'The  Antiquary,'  vol.  i.  ch.  ix.,  being  the 
ghost  story  told  by  Miss  Old  buck,  how  the 
ghost  showed  Rab  Tull  that  the  paper  for 
the  want  whereof  they  were  "to  be  waured 
afore  the  session  "  was  hidden  in  a  "  taber- 
nacle of  a  cabinet"  in  "the  high  dow-cot"; 
the  other  in  'Redgauntlet,'  of  the  rent-receipt 
abstracted  by  the  monkey. 

E.  A.  Poe,  in  his  '  Purloined  Letter,1  con- 
ceives many  such  possibilities. 

Dickens  is  very  fond  of  making  his  plots 
hinge  upon  the  loss  or  discovery  of  a  will  or 
deed.  The  "Golden  Dustman  "in  'Our  Mutual 
Friend '  made  many  wills,  and  deposited  them 
in  strange  places. 

There  is  a  well-known  ghost  story,  attri- 
buted to  Wilberforce,  Bishop  of  Oxford,  of  a 
similar  sort. 

Some  years  ago,  on  the  breaking-up  of  a 
worn-out  mail-cart,  a  letter  many  decades 
old  was  found  in  one  of  its  crevices. 

When  the  dishandled  box  of  an  old  City 
pump  was  removed  it  was  found  to  contain 
many  letters,  dropped  therein  by  ignorant 
persons,  who  had  mistaken  the  handle-hole 
for  the  slit  of  a  letter-box. 

These,  however,  were  unintentional  hidings. 
The  two  following  instances,  taken  from  old 
sources,  are  perhaps  nearer  to  the  subject. 

The  monks  of  Meaux,  in  Holderness,  were 
like  to  have  lost  the  manor  of  Waghen 
because  they  could  not  produce  the  record  of 
the  agreement  between  themselves  and  the 
Archbishop  of  York.  At  last  they  found  it 
in  a  hole  between  the  roof  and  the  ceiling 
of  their  record  -  room  (1372-96). — '  Chronica 
Monasterii  de  Melsa,'  iii.  175. 

Bishop  Joseph  Hall  says  that  he  knew  a 
man,  "  Mr.  Will.  Cook,  sen.,  of  Waltham  Holy 
Cross,"  who  was  "informed  in  his  dream  in 
what  hole  of  his  dove-cote  "  he  should  find 
"an  important  evidence"  for  the  missing 
whereof  he  was  "  distressed  with  care " 
('Invisible  World,'  1652;  Pickering's  reprint, 
1847,  p.  85).  This  may  well  have  suggested 
the  "dow-cot"  of  Monkbarns.  W.  C.  B. 

The  following  is  an  instance  of  an  undis- 
covered drawer  in  an  old  oak  desk  passing 
through  various  owners'  possession,  from 
Queen  Anne's  time  until  a  few  years  since: — 

The  Hidden  Briefs. — A  Queen  Anne  Brief  for  a 
Collection  at  All  Saints'  Church,  Claverley,  Shrop- 
shire.— It  is  now  more  than  seventeen  years  ago 
since  the  brother  of  a  tenant  of  mine  bought  an  old 
oak  desk  at  a  country  sale.  Being  a  joiner  by  trade, 
after  careful  examination  he  arrived  at  the  con- 
clusion that  it  might  have  a  secret  drawer.  All 
attempts  to  find  it  baffling  his  ingenuity,  as  a  last 
resource  he  took  out  the  bottom  of  the  desk.  By 
this  means  he  discovered  a  long  secret  drawer, 
admirably  contrived  for  secrecy,  with  a  spring  to 


io»s.  i.  JUNE  ii,  i9M.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


475 


•open  it.  In  this  drawer  he  found  six  Queen  Anne's 
briefs  and  a  Queen  Anne  sixpence.  The  amount 
of  collection  at  All  Saints'  Church,  Claverley,  was 
stated  on  each  brief.  The  joiner  kindly  gave  the 
briefs  to  me,  as  interested  in  antiquarian  anc 
historical  studies.  The  briefs  had  evidently  beer 
placed  in  the  drawer  soon  after  the  collections  hac 
been  made.  After  the  owner's  death  the  oak  desk 
seems  to  have  passed  to  other  owners  until  it  was 
purchased  in  the  circumstance  mentioned.  The 
late  Cornelius  Walford,  barrister-at-law  and 
author,  who,  like  myself,  was  a  Fellow  of  the 
Royal  Historical  Society,  some  years  ago  read  a 
paper  before  the  Society  on  '  Kings'  Briefs,  their 
Purposes  and  their  History '  (printed  in  the  tenth 
volume  of  the  Transactions  of  the  Society,  pub- 
lished in  1882),  in  which  he  says  :  '  Briefs  being 
returned  along  with  the  money  collected  had  the 
•effect  of  taking  them  out  of  circulation  :  hence 
they  are  in  some  degree  scarce ;  for  in  truth  they 
were  either  destroyed  as  useless  or  allowed  to  rot 
or  moulder  away.'  The  first  instance  of  a  King's 
Brief  being  printed  was  in  1630.  The  following  is 
an  exact  copy  of  one  of  the  briefs  found  in  the 
secret  drawer,  which  relates  to  a  collection  for 
the  rebuilding  of  Broseley  All  Saints'  Church  at  a 
cost  of  3,390?.  and  upwards.  A  more  recent  church 
has  been  built  on  the  same  site,  for  in  Mr. 
Randall's  interesting  'History  of  Broseley'  it  is 
mentioned  that  this  church  was  to  be  rebuilt  at 
the  estimated  cost  of  3,3881.  4s." 

A  copy  of  the  brief  relating  to  Broseley  so 
found,  with  five  others,  was  also  given  in  the 
antiquarian  column  called  '  Byegones  '  in  the 
Border  Counties'  Advertiser,  published  at 
Oswestry.  At  the  end  of  every  two  years 
the  columns  are  issued  in  a  volume  with  a 
full  index.  HUBERT  SMITH. 

Brooklynne,  Leamington  Spa. 

At  the  sale,  in  1818,  of  the  effects  of  a 
dealer  in  old  clothes,  furniture,  and  curiosi- 
ties, who  carried  on  business  in  High  Street, 
Barnstaple,  an  antique  chair  was  included, 
described  as  of  mahogany,  with  the  seat, 
back,  and  arms  stuffed  and  covered  with 
brown  leather,  and  studded  with  brass  nails. 
There  was  a  large  drawer  under  the  seat, 
and  two  other  drawers  were  fixed  on  pivots, 
so  as  to  turn  back  under  the  arms,  and  were 
fitted  for  writing  materials,  with  a  brass 
candlestick  attached  to  each,  and  a  wooden 
leaf  for  reading  or  writing,  capable  of  being 
raised  or  depressed.  The  cabinet-maker  to 
whom  it  was  sent  to  be  repaired  found  that 
the  drawer  under  the  seat  extended  only  a 
part  of  the  way  to  the  back,  and  that  the 
intervening  space  was  occupied  by  a  secret 
drawer,  which  was  full  of  manuscripts,  which 
proved  to  consist  of  a  variety  of  unpublished 
poems  and  other  documents  of  John  Gay. 
The  incident  created  much  sensation  at  the 
time,  and  the  matter  was  fully  investigated. 
It  was  found  that  the  chair  had  been  bought 
some  years  previously  at  the  sale  of  the 
goods  of  a  Mrs.  Williams,  a  descendant  of 


Katherine  Bailer,  Gay's  sister.  Henry  Lee, 
author  of  '  Caleb  Quotem,'  edited  the  poems, 
and  published  them  under  the  title  of  '  Gay's 
Chair,'  with  an  engraved  frontispiece  of  the 
chair,  evidences  and  certificates  of  the  facts, 
and  a  facsimile  of  Gay's  writing.  The  first 
four  lines  of  the  principal  piece,  entitled 
'  The  Ladies'  Petition  to  the  Honourable  the 
House  of  Commons,'  are  as  follows  :— 

Sirs,  We,  the  maids  of  Exon  city, 

The  maids,  good  lack,  the  more  s  the  pity  ! 

Do  humbly  offer  this  petition 

To  represent  our  sad  condition. 

THOS.  WAINWRIGHT. 

"  HEN-HUSSEY"  :  "  WHIP-STITCH  "  :  "  WOOD- 
TOTER"  (10th  S.  i.  449).— According  to  the 
'English  Dialect  Dictionary,'  a  hen-hussey 
or  hen-huswife  means  "a  woman  who  looks 
after  poultry ;  also  a  meddlesome,  officious 
person."  It  is  there  recorded  as  being  known 
in  Wilts,  Somerset,  and  Devon,  as  well  as  in 
America. 

If  your  correspondent  will  be  so  good  as  to 
wait  till  the  last  part  of  the  Dictionary 
comes  out,  he  will  then  be  able  to  ascertain 
the  facts  as  to  the  distribution  of  the  other 
two  words.  So  far  the  record  ends  with  the 
word  tommy.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

MARK  HILDESLEY  (10th  S.  i.  344,  414).— He 
was  never  elected  Lord  Mayor  or  Sheriff  or 
M.P.  for  London.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Vintners'  Company,  and  chosen  Alderman 
of  Bread  Street  Ward  20  September,  1649, 
and  was  discharged  on  payment  of  a  fine 
of  400Z.,  15  July,  1651.  At  that  period  the 
changes  in  the  Court  of  Aldermen  were 
very  frequent,  and  in  succession  to  Hildesley 
in  Bread  Street  Ward  no  fewer  than  nine 
persons  were  elected,  who  paid  fines  of 
various  amounts  to  avoid  service,  between 
15  July  and  15  September,  1651.  The  list  of 
persons  who  had  obtained  exemption  from 
serving  the  office  of  Sheriff  in  1652  numbers 
forty-six,  of  whom  twenty-seven  had  been 
added  in  the  previous  twelve  months,  Hildes- 
iey  being  one  of  these. 

ALFEED  B.  BEAVEN. 

STEP-BROTHER  (10th  S.  i.  329,  395).— I  think, 
with  all  due  deference,  that  MR.  WILSON  is 
mistaken  in  his  reply  to  Miss  BLAIKLEY.  A 
Derson  and  his  step-brother  cannot  have  a 
;ommon  parent ;  if  he  had,  they  would  be 
lalf-brothers,  not  step-brothers.  The  sons 
of  a  widower  married  to  a  widow  are  step- 
brothers to  the  children  born  of  her  first 
marriage.  MR.  WILSON  goes  on  to  say,  "  If 
}  rough  t  up  in  one  family  they  would 
naturally  be  called  brothers  or  brother  and 
ister ;  the  marriage  between  such  a  brother 


476 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  i.  JUKE  n. 


and  sister  is,  of  course,  perfectly  legal  "  ;  anc 
so  far  he  is  quite  right.  He  adds,  "If  two 
men,  not  related,  marry  two  sisters,  they  do 
not  thereby  become  brothers-in-law."  Here 
again  I  think  he  is  wrong.  Two  men 
otherwise  not  related,  marrying  two  sisters 
become  brothers-in-law.  The  late  Cardina 
Manning  and  the  late  Bishop  Wilberforce 
of  Winchester,  married  two  sisters,  and  wen 
always  held  to  be  brothers-in-law  in  con- 
sequence. 

H.  MURRAY  LANE,  Chester  Herald. 
In  the  case  of  a  widower  with  children 
marrying  a  widow  with  children,  I  should 
say  that  the  children  of  both  families  would 
become  step-brothers  and  step-sisters  to  one 
another.  A  child  born  of  the  marriage  would 
be  half-brother  or  half-sister  to  all  the  others. 
See  'N.E.D.'  under  'Half-brother.' 

ERNEST  B.  SAVAGE. 
St.  Thomas  s,  Douglas. 

THE  SUN  AND  ITS  ORBIT  (10th  S.  i.  329, 
435).—  MR.  PARKER  may  like  to  have  Madler's 
own  words.  On  p.  44  of  his  'Die  Central- 
sonne,'  published  in  1846,  the  following 
passage  occurs  :  — 

"  Ich  bezeichne  demnach  die  Plejadengruppe  als 
die  Centralgruppe  des  gesammten  Fixsternsystems 
bis  in  seme  aussersten,  durch  die  Milchstrasse 
bezeichneten  Grenzen  bin;  und  Alcyone  als  den- 
jenigen  einzeluen  Stern  dieser  Gruppe,  der  unter 
alien  ubrigen  die  meiste  Wahrscheinlichkeit  fiir 
sich  hat,  die  eigentliche  Centralsonne  zu  sein." 

XT  S.  J.  ALDRICH. 

New  Southgate. 

The  last  paragraph  at  the  latter  reference 
requires  a  little  modification,  for  the  solar 
apex  is  now  believed  to  be  in  the  constellation 
Lyra,  and  not  in  Hercules.  J.  DORMER. 

WOLVERHAMPTON  PULPIT  (10th  S.  i.  407)  — 

I  here  is  nothing  exceptional  about  this 
pulpit  although  its  approach  is  particularly 
fine  But  even  the  latter  is  by  no  means 
uiq,u.e'  -J  f*wpined  an  old  stone  one  (of 
what  in  England  we  call  Jacobean  character) 
in  the  ancient  parish  church  at  Malmo,  in 

onntfen'fVeW  we^ks  aS°'  Its  sfcairs  are 
constructed  upon  almost  exactly  the  same 

tXSna*VVe  ^  at  Wolverhampton;  but 
ftnffit  F  a"'  th?  Scandinavian  rostrum 
t£«  Pvlf  aPP,roach  alike)  is  far  and  awav 
the  better  and  more  ornate  of  the  two. 

seen  ina?h'SC°reS  ?f  pUMts>  h°wever,  to  be 
seen  in  this  country  of  the  same  type,  and 
of  much  about  the  same  date  (A.D  .1480) 


me     ae    A.D  .1480) 

Mea  urtl  1    S-'    Pete/s>    WolveYhampton: 
found    ?     ira,Wlng,8    ?f    the  ]atter  may   be 

Pulpfts  'ri84°Q  imn>  'ExamP]es  of  Ancient 
(1849),  and  the  same  accomplished 


architect  also  illustrates  therein  stone  pulpits 
ot  fifteenth-century  date  at  Nailsea,  Winch- 
combe,  Glastonbury,  Cheddar,  and  Ban  well 
(all  in  bomerset),  as  well  as  at  North  Cerney 
(Gloucestershire)  and  at  Totnes  (Devon). 

Miss  Barr  Brown's  somewhat  sensational 
note  in  the  Antiquary  for  April,  that  the 
pulpit  at  Wolverhampton  "  is  cut  out  of  one 
entire  stone,"  and  that  "a  figure  of  a 
grotesque  animal  has  guarded  it  for  more 
than  800  years,"  has  not  the  least  foundation 
m1/act.  HARRY  HEMS. 

Fair  Park,  Exeter. 

CASTING  LOTS  (10th  S.  i.  366).— The  Man- 
chester_  Guardian  of  10  May  contained  the 
following  comment  on  this  subject  :— 
"A  striking  instance,  not  mentioned  by  the 
riter  m  Notes  and  Queries,  may  be  found  in 
Ihomas  May's  translation  of  Barclay's  'loonAni- 
morum,  a  rare  as  well  as  a  curious  book.  Speaking 
ot  English  courage,  he  states  that  during  the  war 
in  the  Netherlands  S9me  soldiers  of  the  Spanish 
Parpy  were  taken  prisoners  by  the  Dutch,  who- 
decided  to  make  reprisals  for  the  previous  cruelty 
of  their  enemies.  Out  of  four-and-twenty  men  eight 
were  to  be  hanged.  'There  were  lots,  therefore, 
thrown  into  a  helmet,'  says  May,  '  and  the  prisoners 
were  commanded  to  draw  their  fortunes— whoever 
uui ,  draw  a  blank  was  to  escape,  but  whosoever 
should  draw  a  black  lot  was  to  be  hanged  presently. 
Ihey  were  all  possessed  with  a  great  apprehension 
ol  their  present  danger;  especially  one  Spaniard, 
with  pitiful  wishes  and  tears,  in  some  of  the 
standers-by  did  move  pity,  in  others  laughter. 
Ihere  was  besides  in  that  danger  an  Englishman, 
a  common  soldier,  who,  with  a  careless  counten- 
ance, expressing  no  fear  of  death  at  all,  carne  boldly 
bo  the  helmet  and  drew  his  lot.  Chance  favoured 
him  ;  it  was  a  safe  lot.  Being  free  himself  from 
danger,  he  came  to  the  Spaniard,  who  was  yet 
timorous,  and  trembled  to  put  his  hand  into  the 
tatal  helmet,  and  receiving  from  him  ten  crowns  he 
entreated  the  judges— oh,  horrid  audacity !— that, 
dismissing  the  Spaniard,  they  would  suffer  him 
again  to  try  his  fortune.  The  judges  consented  to 
the  madman's  request,  who  valued  his  life  at  so 
low  a  rate,  and  he  again  drew  a  safe  lot.'  May 
seems  rather  to  regret  the  second  escape  of  the 
foolhardy  Englishman,  whom  he  denounces  as  'a 
wretch,  unworthy  not  only  of  that  double,  but 
even  of  a  single  preservation,  who  so  basely  had 
undervalued  his  life.'  " 

J.  K.  NUTTALL. 

EURIPIDES  :  DATE  OP  HIS  BIRTH  (10th  S.  i. 
447).— Whether  B.C.  485,  given  on  p.  220  of  the 
first  edition  (1886)  of  my  '  Greek  Literature,' 
was  a  slip  of  my  own  or  a  printer's  error,  I 
cannot  say.  It  was  corrected  to  B.C.  480  in 
he  second  edition  (1889).  F.  B.  JEVONS. 

"THE    GLORY    OP     THE     METHODISTS  "    (10th 

3.    i.    406).— MR.   CORFIELD'S   Wesley   letter 

s    evidently    addressed    to    James    Rogers, 

well  known  as  one  of  his  preachers.     "Dear 

em  my"    was,  at    the    date  of    the  letter, 


i.  JUXE  11, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


477 


living  in  Macclesfield,  the  home  of  "  Hetty 
Roe"  (Hester  Ann  Roe),  whom  he  wedded 
in  second  marriage  on  19  August,  some 
three  months  after  the  date  of  the  letter. 
If  the  sermon  referred  to  by  Wesley  be  one 
•of  Rogers's  own,  nothing  published  by 
him  so  early  as  1784  appears  in  Osborn's 
*  Methodist  Literature.'  H.  J.  FOSTER. 

"JENION'S  INTACK"  (10th  S.  i.  _407).— 
Although  it  does  not  mention  the  intack, 
the  following  note,  from  the  original  docu- 
ment, may  be  of  use  : — 

8  March,  30  Charles  II.,  1678,  lease  by 
Richard  Pye,  of  Whitbie,  co.  Chester,  yeoman, 
son  of  John  Pye,  late  of  the  same,  yeoman, 
deceased,  to  John  Jannian,  of  the  same, 
yeoman,  and  Martha  his  wife,  late  wife  of 
the  said  John  Pye,  of  a  close  at  Whitbie, 
•called  the  Marsh,  for  99  years,  at  a  pepper- 
corn rent,  in  lieu  of  Martha's  dower  out  of 
John  Pye's  estate. 

Whitby  is  north  of  Chester,  between  that 
city  and  the  Mersey,  and  between  Capen- 
hurst  and  Ellesmere.  W.  C.  B. 

In  Lincolnshire,  and  I  believe  in  several 
other  counties,  intack  signifies  land  taken  in 
from  a  waste  place,  or  from  a  common  or 
tidal  river.  In  the  manorial  records  of  Scotter 
for  1629  it  is  recorded  that  Richard  Huggit 
surrendered  to  Thomas  Stothard  land  in 
Scotter  called  "le  long  intaakes."  There 
was  in  Winteringhain  certain  land  called  the 
*' intake"  which  had  been  reclaimed  from 
the  Humber  in  1881.  It  has  now,  I  have 
understood,  been  almost  entirely  washed 
&  way.  EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

Wickentree  House,  Kirton-in-Lindsey. 

PASTE  (10th  S.  i.  447). — If  recipe  references 
are  of  use  to  DR.  MURRAY,  he  will  find  several 
in  the  old  cookery  books.  The  recipe  for 
anchovy  paste  is  given  in  Cooley's  'Cyclo- 
paedia of  Practical  Receipts,'  1872,  p.  885. 

WM.  JAGGARD. 

"PURPLE  PATCH"  (10th  S.  i.  447).  — The 
•quotation  is  from  Horace's  'Ars  Poetica,' 
11.  15,  16  :— 

Purpureus,  late  qui  splendeat,  unus  et  alter 
Assuitur  pannus. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

In  the  'Art  of  Poetry,'  as  translated  in 
that  well-known  "  crib "  Smart's  '  Horace, 
the  phrase  occurs,  "One  or  two  verses  o\ 
purple  patchwork,  that  may  make  a  great 
;show."  The  original  edition  of  1756  may, 
therefore,  be  worth  consulting. 

J.  DORMER. 
[Other  correspondents  also  refer  to  Horace.] 


THE  YONG  SOULDIER'  (10th  S.  i.  428).— 
Saye,  never  very  loyal,  became  a  member  of 
the  "  Committee  of  Safety  "  4  July,  1642,  and 
shortly  afterwards  was  given  the  command 
of  one  of  the  twenty  infantry  regiments 
and  of  one  of  the  seventy-five  squadrons  of 
horse  of  which  the  rebel  army  was  composed 
(see  Guizot's  'English  Revolution,"  Bohn's 
ed.,  pp.  160,  446,  447). 

A  Capt.  Rainsford  was  one  of  the  garrison 
of  Worcester  at  its  surrender,  20  July,  1646  ; 
and  in  the  'Calendar  of  State  Papers,  1651-3,' 
one  John  Rainsford  appears  as  having 
incurred  the  suspicion  of  the  Government. 
If  these  are  to  be  identified  with  our  author, 
we  may  further  conjecture  him  to  be  the 
brother  of  two  other  Rainsfords,  Henry  and 
Francis,  whose  names  occur  in  the  same 
volume  of  the  '  Calendar." 

Col.  Henry  Rainsford,  of  Clifford,  Glouc., 
and  Combe,  Hants,  fought  for  the  king,  and 
was  imprisoned  at  Oxford.  He  compounded 
in  1646,  was  imprisoned  in  the  Gatehouse 
for  high  treason,  December,  1651,  but  was 
subsequently  liberated,  and  died  in  the  East 
Indies,  administration  being  granted  5  Dec., 
1659.  He  was  grandson  of  Sir  Henry  Rains- 
ford,  Knt.,  of  Clifford,  and  son  and  heir  of 
Sir  Henry  Rainsford,  Knt.,  of  Clifford  and 
Combe,  who  was  M.P.  for  Andover  from 
1640  to  his  death  in  1641,  and  nephew 
of  Capt.  Sir  Francis  Rainsford,  Knt.. 
Lieutenant-Governor  of  Jersey,  who  died 
11  June,  1635.  Francis  entered  Winchester 
College  from  Clifford  in  1636  at  the  age  of 
twelve.  JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

In  Peacock's  'Army  Lists  of  the  Round- 
heads and  Cavaliers,  1642,"  a  foot-note,  p.  24, 
runs : — 

"  John  Rainsford,  killed  by  Cavaliers  from 
Pontefract  Castle  in  an  attempt  to  take  him 
prisoner  at  Doncaster,  29  Oct.,  1648.  Buried  at 
Wapping,  Nov.  14.  He  was  'lieutenant  in  His 
Excellencies  Regiment,  draughted  out  of  the  Earl 
of  Essex's  Regt.  into  that  of  Sir  Thomas  Fairfax,' 
March,  1644." 

At  p.  29  he  appears  as  senior  lieutenant  in 
Lord  Saye's  regiment.  R.  J.  FYNMORE. 

Sandgate. 

MARTELLO  TOWERS  (10th  S.  i.  285,  356,  411). 
— The  following  extract  from  a  letter  written 
by  Lord  Hood,  and  dated  "Victory,  St. 
Fiorenzo,  February  22,  1794,"  may  be  of 
interest : — 

"  On  the  7th  the  Commodore  anchored  in  a  bay 
to  the  westward  of  Mortella  Point,  with  the  several 
ships  and  transports  under  his  command.  The 
troops  were  mostly  landed  that  evening,  and  pos- 
session taken  of  a  height  which  overlooks  the  tower 
of  Mortella.  The  next  day,  the  General  and  Com- 
modore being  of  opinion  that  it  was  advisable  to 


478 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  JUNK  n,  MM. 


attack  the  tower  from  the  bay,  the  Fortitude  and 
Juno  were  ordered  against  it,  without  making  the 
least  impression,  by  a  cannonade  continued  for  two 
hours  and  a  half ;  and  the  former  ship  being  very 
much  damaged  by  red-hot  shot,  both  hauled  off. 
The  walls  of  the  tower  were  of  a  prodigious  thick- 
ness, and  the  parapet,  where  there  were  two 
eighteen-pounders,  was  lined  with  bass  junk,  five 
feet  from  the  walls,  and  filled  up  with  sand ;  and 
although  it  was  cannonaded  from  the  height  for 
two  days,  within  150  yards,  and  appeared  in  a  very 
shattered  state,  the  enemy  still  held  out ;  but  a  few 
hot  shot  setting  fire  to  the  bass,  made  them  call  for 
quarter.  The  number  of  men  in  the  tower  was  33 : 
only  two  were  wounded,  and  those  mortally." 

W.  S. 

"THE  RUN  OF  HIS  TEETH"  (10th  S.  i.  388, 
436).  —  "A  New  Song,  celebrating  Lord 
Milton's  Sheffield  Electioneering  Committee 
and  Agents.  Dedicated,  Without  permission, 
to  His  Lordship  and  His  Lordship's  Motley 
Party ;  By  their  disobedient  Servant,  Satirical 
Satire,  Esquire.  May,  1807,"  p.  8,  verse  xvi. 

has  : — 

And  it  suits  to  a  T, 
To  receive  as  your  fee, 
The  run  of  your  teeth 
And  five  guineas  a  day. 

Does  the  phrase  "It  suits  to  a  T  "  appear  in 
any  glossary  ?    HENRY  JOHN  BEARDSHAW. 
27,  Northumberland  Road,  Sheffield. 

"BARRAR"  (10th  S.  i.  349,  434).— Surely  it 
ought  to  be  distinctly  stated  that  this  word, 
better  spelt  barrow,  is  given  not  only  in 
the  'E.D.D.,'but  in  the 'New  English  Dic- 
tionary' also.  The  etymology  there  sug- 
gested, from  A.S.  beorgan,  to  protect,  defend, 
is  surely  right.  We  have  the  same  word  over 
again  in  the  prov.  E.  JBarg-kam,  "  protection 
of  the  hame,"  given  in  both  the  above  dic- 
tionaries, and  in  Ham-bargh(l'N.l&.D.'),  Ham- 
burgh (' E.D.D.'),  i.e.,  " hame-protection." 
WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

SHAKESPEARE'S  GRAVE  (10th  S.  i.  288,  331, 
352,  416). — The  discussion  on  the  above  sub- 
ject would  be  materially  assisted  by  the  com- 
Earison  of  the  seven  illustrations  to  a  paper 
y  C.  C.  Stopes  entitled  '  The  True  Story 
of  the  Stratford  Bust,'  which  appeared   in 
Murray's  Monthly  Revieiv  for  April.     They 
show  a  complete  change  in  the  design  of 
the  tomb.  E.  K. 

"  GRINGO  "= FOREIGNER  :  "  GRIENGRO  "  (10th 
S.  i.  369).— MR.  W.  L.  PoOLEis  unquestionably 
right  in  saying  that  the  word  "Griengro" 
occurs  frequently  in  'Aylwin,'  which  has 
been  pronounced  the  most  authoritative 
picture  existing  of  the  horse-dealing  gypsies 
of  Great  Britain.  But  neither  in  that  book 
nor  in  Mr.  Watts-Dun  ton's  gypsy  poem  'The 


Coming  of  Love,'  nor  in  Sorrow's  '  Lavengro,' 
nor  its  sequel  'The  Romany  Eye,'  nor  in 
F.  H.  Groome's  gypsy  pictures,  is  the  word 
Griengro  used  as  being  synonymous  with 
the  word  Gringo  (foreigner),  as  used  by 
natives  of  the  river  Plate.  I  am  not  a 
gypsologist  myself,  but  it  has  been  my 
privilege  to  be  brought  much  into  touch 
with  all  the  above-mentioned  writers,  and 
I  am  familiar  with  their  work  ;  but  I  am 
persuaded  that  the  word  Griengro  ha» 
nothing  to  do  with  the  idea  of  foreigner,  or 
"  outsider,"  as  expressed  by  the  gypsy  word 
Gorgio.  Mr.  Watts-Dunton  has  himself  fully 
explained  the  word  Gri-engro,  "  horse- 
master,"  in  the  'Encyclopaedia  Britannica,'  in 
Chambers's  '  Cyclopaedia  of  English  Litera- 
ture,'and  in  the  introductions  to  '  Aylwin  r 
and  'The  Coming  of  Love.'  I  may  add, 
however,  that  certain  very  competent  writers 
(such,  for  instance,  as  Groome)  appear  to- 
see  Romany  origins  for  a  much  larger 
number  of  European  words  than  the  general 
reader  can  understand. 

THOMAS  ST.  E.  HAKE. 
Hounslow,  W. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

The  Works  of  Francis  Beaumont  and  John  Fletcher. 

Variorum  Edition.    Vol.  I.    (Bell  &  Sons  and 

A.  H.  Bullen.) 

MB.  BULLEN'S  labours  in  the  fields  of  Tudor  drama 
find  their  crown  in  the  edition  of  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher  of  which  the  first  volume  now  appears. 
Amidst  the  pressure  of  various  avocations  Mr. 
Bullen  has  been  unable  to  undertake  alone  a.  task 
of  enormous  labour  and  responsibility.  He  has 
associated  with  himself,  accordingly,  in  the  pro- 
duction of  the  opening  volume  a  Shakespearian 
scholar  so  ripe  and  trustworthy  as  Mr.  P.  A.  Daniel 
and  the  editor  of  Lyly,  Mr.  R.  Warwick  Bond,  one- 
of  the  latest  and  most  active  recruits  to  the  army 
of  editors.  He  will  himself  supervise  and  direct 
the  entire  work,  and  will  furnish  to  it,  in  a  twelfth 
and  concluding  volume,  the  memoirs  of  the  two 
dramatists  and  various  excursuses,  critical  and 
expository,  of  a  kind  the  value  of  which  we  have 
learnt  to  estimate.  That  Mr.  Bullen  has  long  been- 
engaged  on  a  task  for  which  he  has  special  and  indis- 
putable qualifications  had  been  known,  and  the  fact 
that  he  was  so  employed  was  calculated  to  discourage 
all  thought  of  opposition  and  rivalry.  His  first  ambi- 
tion extended  no  further  than  reprinting  that  text 
of  the  Rev.  Alexander  Dyce  Avhich  has  won  the- 
approval  of  all  scholars,  and  been  depreciated  by 
no  one  except  a  rival  editor,  not  to  be  mentioned 
in  the  same  century.  The  expediency  of  further 
collation  and  of  the  addition  of  various  readings 
suggested  itself,  however,  during  the  progress,  and 
the  work  in  its  new  shape  is  an  advance  upon  its 
predecessor. 

Not  quite  easy  is  it  to  define  the  exact  position 
of  the  two  dramatists  in  the  Elizabethan  firmament. 


io*s.i.Ju.vEii,i9w.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


479 


Shakespeare,  whom  they  persistently  and  slavishly 
imitated,  is,  of  course,  beyond  all  notion  of  com- 
parison. Ben  Jonson  eclipses  them  as  a  comic 
dramatist.  Marlowe,  Ford,  and  Webster  strike 
deeper  notes  ;  and  even  subordinates,  such  as  Decker 
and  Heywood,  are  touched  to  finer  issues.  Mas- 
singer  is  most  closely  akin  to  them,  and,  while  he 
surpasses  them  in  dramatic  grip,  comes  nowhere 
near  them  in  poetry  or  pathos.  In  respect  of  a 
solid  mass  of  high  accomplishment  they  stand  all 
but  paramount.  Bulk  of  work,  it  has  to  be  acknow- 
ledged, counts  for  somewhat,  and  it  is  not  wholly 
fortuitous  that  the  best  writers  are  among  the 
most  fecund.  The  dramas  of  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher  constitute  a  world  of  romance,  in  which 
the  sympathetic  reader  may  wander  at  will  and 
turn  his  steps  in  every  direction  with  the  certainty 
of  delight.  In  this  respect  they  have  affinities  with 
'  The  Fairy  Queen  '  and  the  '  Arcadia,'  and  seem 
not  wholly  remote  from  the  '  Mort  d'Arthur.'  It  is  a 
veritable  land  of  enchantment  in  which  we  wander. 
In  spite  of  Fletcher's  q^uaint  notions  concerning 
metre,  the  plays  abound  in  poetry,  and  the  general 
versification  is,  as  a  rule,  superior  to  that  of  all  the 
Tudor  poets,  except  the  highest.  One  comes  in 
perusal  upon  exquisite  scenes,  and  there  are  pas- 
sages which  Milton  did  not  scorn  to  imitate,  and 
others  which  Shakespeare  himself  need  not  have 
disowned.  '  The  Faithful  Shepherdess '  is,  in  the 
full  sense,  immortal,  and  is  still,  as  a  pastoral 
drama,  set  occasionally  before  the  public.  In  lyrics 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher  come,  in  Tudor  times,  next 
to  Shakespeare,  and  have  a  grace  and  beauty  which 
none  of  their  immediate  successors,  except  Milton 
and  perhaps  Herrick,  could  equal.  Against  these 
things  there  is  only  to  be  urged  a  wantonness  of 
speech  scarcely  to  be  rivalled  in  Restoration  times, 
and  than  which  little  in  the  poetry  of  their  own 
period  is  more  regrettable. 

Dyce's  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  which  was 
adequate  in  all  respects,  has  been  virtually  for  a 
generation  out  of  print,  and  is  one  of  the  costliest  of 
dramatic  works.  It  forms  the  basis  of  the  edition 
now  in  progress,  and  will  always  hold  a  position  in 
the  market  and  on  the  shelves.  Previous  collections 
— with  the  exception  of  the  first  folio  (1647),  con- 
taining thirty-six  plays,  and  the  second  (1679),  con- 
taining fifty — have  neither  value  nor  authority, 
though,  in  the  absence  of  more  trustworthy  texts, 
their  price  has  gone  up  in  the  market. 

The  order  of  arrangement  adopted  by  Mr.  Bullen 
is  that  of  the  second  folio,  which  was  accepted  by 
Weber  in  his  fourteen- volume  edition  of  the  works, 
and  observed  in  the  two-volume  edition  of  Moxon 
which  followed,  and  has  long  been  the  most  generally 
accessible  of  forms  in  which  the  dramatists  can  be 
studied.  Five  plays,  happily  representative  of  the 
various  styles  of  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  constitute 
the  first  volume,  and  consist  of  '  The  Maid's 
Tragedy'  and  '  Philaster ;  or,  Love  lies  Bleeding,' 
edited  by  Mr.  Daniel,  and  '  A  King  and  No  King,' 
'The  Scornful  Lady,1  and  'The  Custom  of  the 
Country,'  edited  by  Mr.  Warwick  Bond.  Pre- 
liminary matter  to  each  of  these  supplies  all  biblio- 
graphical particulars,  an  argument  of  the  play — 
which  is  a  distinct  boon— and  an  account  of  the 
text,  the  source,  and  the  history.  In  four  cases 
out  of  five  the  frontispiece  to  the  first  quarto  is 
given  in  facsimile,  and  there  is  a  beautiful  process 
reproduction  of  a  portrait  of  Beaumont,  from  the 
fine  gallery  at  Knole  Park.  Some  time  will  pro- 
bably pass  before  the  entire  work  is  in  the  hand 


of  the  reader.  It  is  hoped,  however,  that  the 
second  volume,  containing,  like  the  present,  five 
plays,  will  be  issued  during  the  year.  We  could 
write  inexhaustibly  upon  this  subject,  since  for  a 
generation  past  we  have  pressed  for  an  edition  such 
as  the  present.  How  limited  is  the  space  we  can 
allot  to  reviews  is,  however,  apparent,  and  we 
content  ourselves  with  pronouncing  the  edition  the 
greatest  gift  for  which  the  Shakespearian  student 
lad  to  hope. 

Great  Masters.  Part  XVI.  (Heinemann.) 
WITH  '  The  Miracle  of  St.  Mark '  of  Tintoretto, 
from  the  Accademia,  Venice,  the  sixteenth  part  of 
'  Great  Masters '  begins.  What  is  the  exact  nature 
of  the  miracle  being  wrought  by  the  descending 
saint  —  who  is,  of  course,  the  patron  saint  of 
Venice  —  we  fail  to  grasp,  and  we  should  have 
been  glad  of  information  which  is  not  vouchsafed 
us.  An  eminently  dramatic  work,  crowded  with 
figures,  it  is  interesting,  among  other  things, 
for  giving  us  among  the  characters  a  good  por- 
trait of  the  painter.  Next  comes  Gainsborough's 
'  Elizabeth,  Viscountess  Folkestone,'  recently  exhi- 
bited in  the  Birmingham  Art  Gallery.  It  is- 
from  the  collection  of  Mrs.  George  Holt,  and 
is  a  fine  portrait  of  a  head  neither  youthful  nor 
beautiful.  '  Don  Ferdinand  of  Austria,'  by  Velas- 
quez, from  the  Prado,  Madrid,  is  one  of  the  finest 
portraits  in  the  world.  The  cardinal  prince  is- 
holding  a  gun  and  is  accompanied  by  a  dog,  which 
also  is  superbly  painted.  Last  comes,  from  the 
Vienna  Gallery,  Van  Dyck's  '  The  Blessed  Herman 
Joseph,'  a  striking  religious  picture,  with,  as  the 
introduction  states,  rich  pagan  types  substituted 
for  the  ascetic  types  of  mediaeval  painters. 

IN  the  Fortnightly  Mr.  W.  S.  Lilly  writes  on 
'  Shakespeare's  Protestantism.'  Like  many  other 
Roman  Catholics,  Mr.  Lilly  seems  to  have  persuaded 
himself  that  Shakespeare  was  of  the  ancient  faith. 
When  dramatic  utterances  are  taken  as  personal, 
it  is  easy  to  establish  almost  anything.  Mr.  Francis 
Gribble  deals  with  the  autobiography  and  philo- 
sophy of  Herbert  Spencer,  and  Canon  MacColf  with 
'  Lord  Acton's  Letters  to  Mary  Gladstone.'  Mrs. 
Rosa  Newmarch  gives  a  full  account  of  '  Vassily 
Verestschagin  :  War  Painter,'  whose  loss  is  recent 
and  lamentable.  '  The  Niece  of  Napoleon '  supplier 
an  animated  account  of  the  Princess  Mathilde. 
'  The  Plague  of  Novels,'  by  Mr.  Cuthbert  Hadden,  i& 
more  remarkable  for  smartness  than  for  any  other 
quality. — Mrs.  Maxwell  Scott  writes,  in  the  Nine- 
teenth Century,  on  '  The  Youth  of  James  III.,'  the 
mere  title  showing  the  point  of  view  from  which 
her  article  is  undertaken.  Like  the  famous  flies 
in  amber,  the  thing  is  neither  rich  nor  rare,  and  we 
can  only  wonder  how  it  climbed  into  the  place  it 
occupies.  Mr.  Lord  enunciates  some  not  very  im- 
portant conclusions  on  '  The  Kingsley  Novels,' 
under  which  title  he  comprises  the  novels  of 
Charles  and  Henry  Kingsley,  writers  who  do  not 
seem  to  have  much  in  common  besides  the  name. 
'Franz  von  Lenbach'  is  an  interesting  study  by 
Anita  MacMahon. — A  picture  by  Sir  E.  J.  Poynter, 
called  '  Asterie,'  serves  as  frontispiece  to  the  Pali 
Mall.  Marie  van  Vorst  supplies  a  competent  and 
well-illustrated  account  of  Paul  Albert  Bernard, 
the  Parisian  painter,  for  some  time  a  resident  in 
London.  Lady  Jersey  describes,  from  personal 
observation,  '  The  Women  of  India.'  Mr.  J.  A. 
Hammerton  follows  on  the  track  of  Robert  L. 


480 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  JCXE  n,  190*. 


Stevenson  through  the  Cevennes.  Mr.  Frederick 
Lees  has  obtained  from  well-known  Frenchmen 
opinions  concerning  our  degenerate  stage.  There 
are  Englishmen  who  could,  "an  they  would,"  tell 
him  more  on  a  subject  on  which  much  might  be 
said.  The  question, '  What  is  a  Lady  ? '  is  answered 
by  saying  she  is  a  gentlewoman.  This  is  doubtless 
accurate,  but  not  altogether  illuminating.— Part  vi. 
of  '  Historical  Mysteries,'  by  Mr.  Lang,  in  the 
•Cornhill,  deals  with  '  The  Murder  of  Escovedo.'  In 
this  case  the  mystery  has  nothing  to  do  with  the 
manner  in  which  the  crime  was  committed  or 
the  identity  of  the  murderer,  but  is  wholly  con- 
•cerned  with  the  motive  of  the  deed.  Sir  Herbert 
Maxwell  supplies,  from  the  latest  sources,  a  deeply 
interesting  account  of  Sir  John  Moore,  and  the 
Dean  of  Westminster  describes  '  Westminster 
Abbey  in  the  Early  Part  of  the  Seventeenth  Cen- 
tury.' Mrs.  Elizabeth  Robins  Pennell  describes 
from  an  American  standpoint  some  of  the  mysteries 
of  '  London  Chambers,'  and  Mr.  C.  J.  Cornish  gives 
interesting  particulars  concerning  '  Partridge  Rear- 
ing in  France.'— In  '  At  the  Sign  of  the  Ship,'  in 
Longman's,  Mr.  Lang  utters  an  incidental  phrase 
the  value  of  which  we  should  like  to  see  acknow- 
ledged. It  is  to  the  effect  that  "  all  lectures  are  a 
nuisance  to  a  studious  person,"  and  the  utterance 
should  be  written  in  letters  of  gold.  We  have 
attended  lectures  innumerable,  and  never  received 
the  slightest  gain  from  any.  Mr.  Lang  writes  justly 
and  amusingly  on  Herbert  Spencer.  'A  Journey 
from  Edinburgh  to  Paris  in  1802'  is  striking  and 
interesting.  There  is  some  excellent  fiction. — Dr. 
•Japp  sends  to  the  Gentleman's  a  pleasant  'Vision 
of  Trees.'  Mr.  A.  M.  Stevens,  in  '  Tobacco  and 
Drama,'  speaks  of  allusions  to  smoking  in  plays, 
such  as  'The  Fawn,'  'Blurt  Master  Constable,' 
'A  Fair  Quarrel,'  &c.  'A  Plea  for  Cowper'  is 
advanced.  It  is  welcome,  but  we  did  not  think  it 
required. 

GERMANY,  which  takes  a  vivid  interest  in  English 
philology,  is  to  produce  at  the  beginning  of  next 
vear  a  new  periodical  devoted  to  modern  English, 
•entitled  Bausteine.  Prof.  Gustav  Kriiger,  already 
well  known  to  us  as  an  excellent  writer  on  English, 
and  Leon  Kellner  are  the  editors,  and  they  are 
supported  by  the  new  Philological  Union  of  Vienna 
and  various  scholars,  the  English  representative  of 
the  scheme  being  Mr.  N.  W.  Thomas,  who  can  be 
addressed  on  the  subject  at  7,  Coptic  Street,  W.C. 
The  circular  gives  on  its  first  page  a  formidable  list 
of  words  which  are  not  satisfactorily  rendered  in 
<Jerman  dictionaries — e.g. ,  agency,  aggressive,  argue, 
baffle,  effusive,  poignant,  strenuous,  distracted,  and 
bounder,  a  term  which,  we  note,  has  been  applied 
by  a  distinguished  professor  to  St.  Paul.  Special 
efforts  are  to  be  made  to  render  the  literary  and 
aesthetic  adjectives  "  of  a  Gosse  or  Archer,"  who 
will  occasionally,  we  dare  say,  afford  occasion  for 
some  "furious  thinking,"  if  we  may  adopt  the 
French  idiom.  Great  writers,  such  as  Milton  and 
Dryden,  will  also  have  their  vocabularies  examined, 
and  we  hope  that  some  effort  will  be  made  to  fix 
the  phraseology  of  science.  Some  words  of  the 
kind  used  by  Erasmus  Darwin  will  be  treated  in 
the  first  number,  as  well  as  Parliamentary  language 
and  the  group  of  words  "suggest,  suggestion,  sug- 
gestive." The  scheme  seems  to  us  excellent,  and 
may,  we  hope,  help  us  to  arrest  and  revive  the  fast- 
fading  glories  of  our  tongue.  Only  we  trust  that 
scholars  of  our  own  will  be  allowed  to  supervise 


and  occasionally  revise  views  on  difficult  English 
passages  put  forward  by  German  ingenuity.  While 
we  envy  and  admire  Teutonic  erudition  in  this 
matter,  as  in  others,  we  see  occasionally  things 
suggested  which  every-day  practice  of  our  own 
tongue  pronounces  impossible  or  mistaken.  English 
slang  is  a  snare  for  the  outsider — e.g.,  Baumann, 
in  his  '  Londinismen,'  a  capital  book,  mistakes 
wholly  the  meaning  of  "  That 's  not  cricket."  The 
Times  has  been  boasting  of  its  pure  English  ;  but 
how  many  foreigners  know  what  the  "  wallflower" 
we  once  saw  flourishing  in  its  account  of  a  social 
function  means?  Further,  our  best  writers,  like 
Sophocles,  often  have  the  vernacular  latent  in 
their  dignified  periods,  or  a  piece  of  homeliness 
half  peering  through  their  grandeur  in  a  way  which 
would  defy  the  deep  student  of  many  philological 
dissertations.  And  words  are  often  brought  to- 
gether with  a  happy  perversity  because  they  do  not 
bear  the  value  of  their  usual  combination.  These 
are  the  graces  and  subtleties  of  language  bound  up 
with  its  use  as  a  living  instrument.  There  is  the 
further  difference  in  humour  and  sentiment  between 
two  peoples  which  may  be  so  slight  as  occasionally 
to  defy  verbal  analysis.  But  we  expect  the  best 
results  from  this  spirited  enterprise,  for  which  that 
splendid  storehouse  the  '  New  English  Dictionary ' 
supplies  unlimited  material,  especially  as  there  is  a 
section  which  flatters  us  most  sincerely.  A  pillory 
for  journalese  would  be  an  interesting  addition  to 
the  periodical,  though  the  offenders  would  pro- 
bably regard  it  as  nothing  but  an  advertisement  of 
their  ability  to  be  "  up  to  date." 


to 

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J.  P.  B.  ('Recommended  to  Mercy'). — MR. 
LATHAM  stated  ante,  p.  232,  that  Mrs.  Houstoun's 
novel  was  not  the  work  he  sought. 

LTTCIS  ("Moon  and  the  Weather"). — Proof  un- 
fortunately too  late.  Second  sentence  was  modified. 

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ws.i.JrsEii,i904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

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ws.LJuNEi8.i9w.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


481 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JUNE  IS,  WOU. 


CONTENTS.-No.  25. 

NOTES  :— Cobden  Bibliography,  481— Las  Palmas  Inscrip- 
tions, 482— French  Proverbial  Phrases— A  Japanese  Master 
of  Lies,  485— Greenwich  Palace— Royal  Oak  Day—"  News- 
paper "—"  Officer":  " Official  "—"  Oonalaska,"  486  — 
Cromwell's  Head— "Among  others  "—Gray's  'Elegy'  in 
Latin,  487. 

QUERIES  :— Isabelline  as  a  Colour— Father  Petchorin— 
Who  has  "  improved  "  Sir  Edward  Dyer  ?  487— Byroniana 
— Inns  of  Court— Desecrated  Fonts— Napoleon  on  Imagina- 
tion—" Let  the  dead  bury  their  dead,"  488— Athenian 
System  of  Dating— Bvmney— Lanarth— '  Vicar  of  Wake- 
lield'  in  French— Jaggard  Family— Pigott  Family— 
' '  Ramie  "— '  Wilhelm  Meister '— Rodmell  Family— Beating 
the  Bounds— Name  for  Women's  Club— L.  M.  Alcott,  489. 

REPLIES  :— The  Name  Jesus -Baxter's  Oil  Painting,  490— 
Bellinger—'  Die  and  be  Damned '—Marlowe's  Birth,  491— 
Irish  Ejaculatory  Prayers— Admiral  Greig— Worm— 
Walney  Island  Names—"  Tymbers  of  ermine,"  492— Coffin 
House— Temple  College— Webster's  'Basque  Legends'— 
Birth-Marks,  493— First  Wife  of  Warren  Hastings,  494— 
Audyn  Family  —  Pamela,  495  — Cold  Harbour  — "The 
eternal  feminine"— Latin  Quotations— Hockday :  Pottage 
called  Hok,  496— May  Monument— "  Hanged,  drawn,  and 
quartered  "—Last  of  the  War  Bow,  497. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :— Mrs.  Toynbee's  '  Letters  of  Horace 
Walpole  '—Mr.  Bain's  '  A  Heifer  of  the  Dawn  '—Threatened 
Destruction  of  Whitgift's  Hospital  of  the  Holy  Trinity, 
Croydon— Booksellers'  Catalogues. 

Notices  to  Correspondents. 


gates, 

COBDEN  BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
THE  basis  of  this  list  of  the  writings  of 
Richard  Cobden  and  the  literature  to  which 
they  have  given  rise  is  the  Catalogue  of  the 
British  Museum ;  but  there  are  many  titles 
included  here  which  are  not  in  the  National 
Library.  The  British  Museum  list  was  re- 
printed by  Mr.  T.  Fisher  Unwin  as  an  appen- 
dix to  the  edition  of  Cpbden's  'Political 
Writings'  published  by  him.  As  a  matter 
of  convenience  the  pressmarks  at  the  British 
Museum  have  been  added  to  the  entries. 
The  letters  M.F.L.  indicate  that  the  work 
is  not  in  the  British  Museum,  but  may  be 
consulted  in  the  Manchester  Reference  Lib- 
rary. Articles  in  biographical  dictionaries 
and  encyclopaedias  have  not  been  included, 
but  reference  should  be  made  to  R.  H.  Inglis 
Palgrave's  '  Dictionary  of  Political  Economy' 
(London,  1894-9,  3  vols.)  and  Conrad,  Elster, 
Lewis,  and  Loening's  '  Handwb'rterbuch  der 
Staatswissenschaf  ten  '  (Jena,  1891-7,  7  vols.). 
Many  magazine  articles  have  appeared  re- 
lating to  Cobden,  but  a  clue  to  these  will  be 
found  in  Poole's  '  Index  to  Periodical  Lite- 
rature' and  its  continuation  and  in  Stead's 
*  Index  to  Periodicals.'  The  foreign  Cobden 


literature  may  be  traced  by  the  elaborate 
general  indexes  to  the  Journal  des  ficono- 
mistes.  The  best  collection  of  Cobdeniana 
known  to  me  is  that  in  the  Manchester  Free 
Library. 

It  would  be  difficult,  and  probably  im- 
possible, to  catalogue  or  collect  Cobden's 
contributions  to  periodical  literature.  Mr. 
Archibald  Prentice,  the  editor  of  the  Man- 
chester Times,  mentions  letters  that  he  wrote 
in  that  paper;  he  almost  certainly  contri- 
buted to  the  Anti-Bread  Tax  Circular,  the 
League,  Tait's  Magazine,  the  Manchester 
Examiner,  and  the  Morning  Star.  The  North 
of  England  Magazine  began  in  February, 
1842,  and  ended  September,  1843,  when  it 
was  incorporated  in  Bradshaiv's  Manchester 
Journal.  The  editor  in  the  preface  to  each 
of  the  three  volumes  includes  Cobden  in  his 
list  of  contributors,  but  his  articles  are  not 
signed.  The  failure  of  this  magazine  was 
commemorated  by  the  establishment  of  a 
club  composed  of  its  founders,  who,  under 
the  name  and  style  of  "The  Victims,"  cele- 
brated their  own  losses.  An  account  of  the 
club  appears  in  the  '  Papers  of  the  Man- 
chester Literary  Club,'  vol.  ii.  p.  28. 

I. 

COLLECTED  EDITIONS  OF  WRITINGS  AND  SPEECHES. 
The  Political  Writings  of  Richard  Cobden.    2  vols. 
London,  1867.    8vo.    8008.  ee. 

Second  edition.    2  vols.    London    [printed  1, 

New  York,  1868  [1867].    Svo.    8008.  ee.  3. 

[Another   edition.]      With    an    Introductory 

essay  by  Sir  Louis  Mallet,   C.B.     (Notes  by 
F.  W.  Chesson.)  London,  1878.  Svo.  Pp.  xxvii- 
394.  2238.  a.  14. 

[Another  edition.]    Cassell  &  Co.:    London, 

1886.    Svo.    Pp.  vii-704.    8139.  aaa.  22. 

Speeches  on  Questions  of  Public  Policy.    Edited  by 

John  Bright  and  J.  E.  Thorold  Rogers.    2  vols. 

London,  Oxford  [printed],  1870.    Svo.    2238. f.  2. 

—  [New  issue.]    London,  Bungay  printed,  1878. 

Svo. 

II. 

PAMPHLETS  AND  SPEECHES. 
(Arranged  chronologically.) 

1835. 

England,  Ireland,  and  America.  By  a  Manchester 
Manufacturer  [Richard  Cobden].  1835.  Svo. 
T.  1918.  (4.) 

Third  edition.     1835.  —  The  Manchester  Free 

Library  copy  has  an  autograph  presentation 
inscription  to  W.  S.  Hill. 
1836. 

1836.    8135.  i. 

Russia.  By  a  Manchester  Manufacturer.  London, 
Edinburgh  printed.  1836.  Svo.  8093.  f. 

1839. 

Report  of  the  Directors  to  a  Special  Meeting  of  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce  and  Manufactures  at 
Manchester  on  the  Effects  of  the  Administration 
of  the  Bank  of  England  upon  the  Commercial 
and  Manufacturing  Interests  of  the  Country. 


482 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io<»  s.  i.  JUNE  is,  1904. 


12th  December,  1839.  London  Manchester 
tinted  1840  8vo,  pp.  26.— A  MS.  note  in  the 
Eandwriting  of  Al&an  John  Shuttleworth 
reads :  "  This  was  drawn  up  by  Richd.  Cobden. 

Fourth  edition  of  the  above.     1840. 

1840. 

For  Cobden's  evidence  before  Parliamentary  Com- 
mittee on  Banks  of  Issue  see  under  18/2. 

1841. 

Speech  in  the  House  of  Commons,  August  2oth, 

P   1841,  in  support  of  the  Free  Trade  Address  to 

the  Queen.     Manchester   [1841].     8vo,  pp.  8. 

To  the '  Manufacturers,  Millowners,  and  9ther 
Capitalists  of  every  shade  of  Political  Opinion 
engaged  in  the  various  branches  of  the  Cotton 
Trade  in  the  District  of  which  Manchester  is 
the  Centre.  [Signed  Richard  Cobden,  Man- 
chester, Dec.  207  1841.]  Manchester  [1841]. 
8vo,  pp.  8.  M.F.L. 

Corn  Laws.  Extracts  from  the  Works  of  Thomas 
Perronet  Thompson,  selected  and  classified  by 
Richard  Cobden.  Manchester  [1841  ?].  8vo. 
8245.,  79.  (4.) 


Sneech  in  reply  to  Sir  Robert  Peel  in  the  House  of 
bl    Commons  on   Monday,  July   11,    1842.    Man- 
chester, J.  Gadsby.    8vo,  pp.  4.     M.I  .L. 
The  Tariff.    Speech,  April  18th,  1842.    Manchester 

[1842].    8vo,  pp.  4.    M.F.L 

Alarming  Distress.  Speech  in  the  House  ot  Com- 
mons, July  8,  1842.  Manchester  [1842].  8vo, 
pp.8.  M.F.L. 

Speech  to  the  Anti-Corn  Law  League  in  reference  to 
the  Disturbances  in  the  Manufacturing  Districts. 
Manchester,  Prentice  &  Cathrall  [?  1842].  8vo, 
pp.8.  M.F.L. 

Our  Colonies.  Speech  in  the  House  of  Commons, 
June  22, 1842.  Manchester  [1842].  8vo.  M.F.L. 
Speech  at  Sheffield,  November  23,  1842  showing  the 
true  character  of  the  opponents  of  the  League. 
Manchester,  J.  Gadsby  [1842].  8vo,  pp.  8. 
M.F.L. 

The  Corn  Laws.  Speech  in  the  House  of  Commons 
on  February  24,  1842.  Sixteenth  Thousand. 
Revised.  Manchester  [1842].  12mo.  8244.  a.  10. 

Second  edition,  revised.     Manchester  [1842]. 

12mo,  pp.  12.    M.F.L. 

The  Land-Tax  Fraud.  Speech  of  Richard  Cobden 
in  the  House  of  Commons,  March  14,  1842. 
Manchester,  J.  Gadsby  [1842].  12mo,  pp.  7, 
8223.  a.  12. 

1843. 

Distress  of  the  Country.  Speech  in  the  House  o 
Commons,  February  17,  1843.  Manchester,  J 
Gadsby  [1843].  8vo,  pp.  12.  M.F.L. 
Speech  in  the  Theatre  Royal,  Drury  Lane,  London 
March  15,  1843.  Manchester,  J.  Gadsby  [1843] 
8vo.  M.F.L. 

The    New    Emigration    Scheme.      Speech    in    th 
Theatre  Royal,  Drury  Lane,  London,  March  29 
1843.    Manchester  [1843].    8vo,  pp.  8. 
Total  Repeal.    Speech  in  the  House  of  Commons  on 
Monday,   May  15  [1843].    Manchester   [1843] 
8vo.    M.F.L. 

1844. 

Tenant  Farmers  and  Farm  Labourers.    Speech  on 
the  12th  March,  1844,  on  moving  for  a  Selec 


Committee  "  to  inquire  into  the  effects  of 
protective  duties  on  imports  upon  the  interests 
of  tenant  farmers  and  farm  labourers."  Man- 
chester:  J.  Gadsby  [1844].  8vo,  pp.  23.  8135. 
dd.  9.  (11.) 

orrected  report  of  the  speech  in  the  House  of 
Commons,  12th  of  March,  1844,  on  his  motion 
for  a  Select  Committee  to  inquire  into  the 
effects  of  protective  duties  on  imports  upon 
the  interests  of  the  tenant  farmers  and  farm 
labourers  in  this  country.  Second  edition. 
1844.  8vo.  1391.  f.  43. 

Speech  in  the  House  of  Commons,  June  26,  1854, 
on  Mr.  Villiers'  Motion  for  the  Total  Repeal  of 
the  Corn  Laws.  Manchester  [1844].  8vo,  pp.  4- 
M.F.L. — The  date  is  a  misprint  for  1844. 

1845. 

Agricultural  Distress.  Speech  in  the  House  of 
Commons  on  the  13th  of  March,  1845,  on  moving 
for  a  Select  Committee  to  inquire  into  the 
Extent  and  Causes  of  the  alleged  existing 
Agricultural  Distress,  and  into  the  Effect  of 
Legislative  Protection  upon  the  Interests  of 
Landowners,  Farmers,  and  Farm  Labourers. 
Manchester  [1845].  8vo,  pp.  16.  M.F.L. 

1846. 

Better  to  the  Tenant  Farmers  of  England.  Man- 
chester [1846].  8vo.  M.F.L. 

Speech  in  the  House  of  Commons,  27th  February, 
1846,  on  Sir  R.  Peel's  Motion  for  a  Committee 
of  the  Whole  House  on  the  Corn  Laws.  Revised. 
Manchester  [1846].  8vo.  M.F.L. 

Banquet  ,offert  k  Richard  Cobden  par  la  Socie"t& 
des  Economistes  le  18  aoiit  1846.  Extrait  du 
No.  57  du  Journal  des  Economistes.  Paris,  1846. 
8vo.  1391.  k.  37- 

Association  pour  la  liberte"  des  echanges.  Publica- 
tions de  1' Association.  Banquet  offert  a  Richard 
Cobden  le  ler  Septembre,  1846.  Discours  de 
Richard  Cobden.  (Bordeaux)  [1846J.  8vo. 
8245.  cc.  23.  (3.) 

W.  E.  A.  AXON. 
(To  be  continued.) 


LAS  PALMAS  INSCRIPTIONS. 

THE  lists  of  inscriptions  to  Englishmen 
buried  at  Orotava  (ante,  p.  361)  and  at  Santa 
Cruz,  Tenerife  (p.  442),  may  be  supplemented 
by  abstracts  of  monumental  insoriptions  on 
tombs  of  persons  of  English  nationality  afc 
Las  Palmas,  Grand  Canary,  taken  by  me  on 
12  March. 

The  following  were  in  the  Spanish  (Catholic) 
Cemetery,  besides  a  few  interments  without 
inscriptions  : — 

1.  Edmond  Sadler,   of  Ottery  St.   Mary, 
Devon,  ob.  at  Las  Palmas,  29  March,  1903, 
a.  47. 

2.  Herbert  Charles  Kelly,  14  Feb.,  1904.— 
This  inscription  is  at  present  merely  scratched 
on  the  mortar,  and  very  indistinct. 

3.  James  Thos.  Goodall,  of  Liverpool,  ob. 
24  June,  1897,  a.  41. 


io*s.i.JrsEi8,i90*.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


483 


4.  James  O'Connor,  of  Sligo,  ob.  5  March, 
1897,  a.  32.— In  Spanish. 

5.  George  Francis  Waters,  Societatis  Jesu 
Scholasticus,   Hibernus,   ob.   12    Nov.,   1888, 
a.  35. 

The  English  Cemetery  naturally  contains 
a  much  larger  number  : — 

1.  James  Grey  Glover,  of  Sunderland,  ob. 
at  Las  Palmas,  9  Nov.,  1857,  a.  23. 

2.  Hyde  Elphinstone  Beadon,  6th  s.  of  Sir 
Cecil  Beadon,  K. C.S.I.,  b.  22  Nov.,  1852,  ob. 
28  March,  1885. 

3.  Thomas  W.  Turnbull,  ob.  24  May,  1885, 
a.  23.  —  Emma  Fillar,  w.  of  Hos.  Turnbull, 
ob.  12  March,  1886,  a.  59. 

4.  Stillborn  child  of  Samuel  W.  and  Lizzie 
Tempest,  6  Dec.,  1885. 

5.  Edith  Mary  Thomas,  b.  10  Dec.,  1882, 
ob.  24  — ,  1886. 

6.  Rosa  Leonora,  d.  of  James  and  Alice 
Miller,  b.  15  Aug.,  1886,  ob.  26  June,  1887. 

7.  Rosamond  Eleanor,  b.  17  March,  1849, 
ob.   17  March,   1880.     Stone  placed  by  her 
husband,  Carr  Stephen,  of  H.M.I.S. 

8.  Frances  Judith  Adlard,  late  of  Bracken- 
boro  House,  Louth,  Lincolnshire,  w.  of  John 
Parkinson,   long  resident  in  these  Islands, 
ob.  17  Feb.,  1851,  a.  67. 

9.  Alfred  Robt.  Dew,  of  Bournemouth,  ob. 
at  Las  Palmas,  17  Feb.,  1886,  a  25. 

10.  Arthur  Bernard  Vines,  ob.  11  March, 
1888,  a.  6. 

11.  Agnes,  d.  of  the  late  George  Murray, 
of  Edinburgh,  b.  31  March,  1859,  ob.  6  March, 
1888. 

12.  Ellen  French  Perry,  \v.  of  John  Perry, 
ob.  5  Feb.,  1888,  a.  48. 

13.  Christopher  Herringham,  b.  12  Aug., 
1881,  ob.  19  May,  1893. 

14.  Gerald  Alexander,  youngest  s.  of  Capt. 
Raymond,  ob.  10  Nov. ,1895,  a.  2  yrs.  1 1  months. 

15.  Beatrice,  d.  of  James  and  Frances  Anne 
Walter,   of    St.   Margaret's  on   Thames,   ob. 
3  April,  1894,  a.  34. 

16.  John  Turnbull  Forman,  late  of  Liver- 
pool, ob.  25  Oct.,  1894,  a.  54. 

17.  Alexander  Harold  Lowdon,  of  Barry, 
England,  ob.  24  July,  1903,  a.  26. 

18.  Jane  Niblowe,  of  Arrow  House,  Che- 
shire, ob.  14  April,  1891,  a.  70. 

19.  G.  W.  Franks,  b.  Feb.,  1826,  ob.  May, 
1891. 

20.  Joseph  Pratt,  of  Shipley,  ob.  19  March, 
1889,  a.  40. 

21.  Philip  Cardew  Grosvenor,  ob.  28  March 
1889,  a.  20. 

22.  Arthur  H.  Hall,  of  Orrell  Park,  Ain 
tree,  ob.  3  Jan.,  1892,  a.  21. 


23.  Walter  Frederick  Thomas,  of  London, 
ob.  19  Nov.,  1892,  a.  29. 

24.  Arthur  Nicholls,  of  Liverpool,  formerly 
of  Truro,  ob.  18  June,  1889,  a.  35.    Erected  by 

wife,  Alice  Nicholls. 

25.  John  Clarke,  of  Bally  duff  House,  Ferns,. 
Ireland,  ob.  at  Gaidar,  31  March,  1896,  a.  29. 

26.  Minnie,  w.  of  J.  R,  Edisbury,  of  Wrex- 
lam,  eldest  d.  of  the  late  Lieut.-Col.  R.  D. 
Knight,  94th  and  98th  Regiments,  b.  16  April. 
1864,  ob.  7  July,  1896. 

27.  William  Robert  Taylor,   of  Chicheley 
Grange,  Newport  Pagnell,  b.  12  Sept.,  1858,. 
ob.  4  March,  1891. 

28.  John  Duncan  Grant,  M.I.C.E.,  London, 
ate  of  the  Public  Works  Department,  Madras. 

ob.  24  Nov.,  1893. 

29.  Ernest  Illingworth,  of  Exley,  Halifax, 
England,  b.  21  June,  1864,  ob.  19  May,  1893. 

30.  Lawrence  Clunies-Ross,  Keeling  Cocos 
Is.,  b.  15  Feb.,  1879,  ob.  2  Feb.,  1898. 

31.  Frances  Barbara,  w.  of  the  Rev.  T.  W. 
Longfield,  Chaplain  at  Las  Palmas  1896-8, 
ob.  25  Jan.,  1898. 

32.  Alexander  Duff,  late  of  Edinburgh,  ob* 

26  Dec.,  1897. 

33.  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Anne  Grant,  of  Durban, 
Natal,  ob.  at  sea,  14  Oct.,  1897,  a.  69. 

34.  Dugald  Munn,  b.  in  Rossendale,  Lanes, 

27  April,  1857,  ob.  July,  1897. 

35.  Charles  Verney  Lace,  only  s.  of  the  late- 
J.  Verney  Lace,  ob.  24  April,  1897,  a.  37. 

36.  Alexr.  Kenneth  Brodie,  b.  4  Oct.,  1864, 
ob.  1  March,  1898. 

37.  William  Albert  Fowler,  of  Liverpool. 
ob.  8  Feb.,  1890,  a.  32. 

38.  Thomas    Ree'ce,    of    Birmingham,    ob. 
3  Jan.,  1889,  a.  54. 

39.  Sarah  Elizabeth,   d.   of  Richard    and 
Mary  Boler,  ob.  at  Las  Palmas,  27  Nov.,  1888.. 

40.  Emily  Frances,  d.  of  Nicholas  J.  Skot- 
towe  and  his  w.  Jane,  nee  Flint,  b.  13  May, 
1864,  ob.  22  Oct.,  1888. 

41.  Francis,  eldest  s.  of  W.  and  Catherine 
Barry,   of  Liverpool,   b.   24  Sept.,  1863,  ob~ 

2  Dec.,  1895. 

42.  John  William,  elder  s.  of  the  Rev.  Canon 
Wilkinson,  D.D.,  Rector  of  Birmingham,  ob. 

3  April,  1895,  a.  52.— See  No.  55. 

43.  Wilfred  Granville  Spencer,   R.M.,  ob: 
12  Feb.,  1895,  a.  24. 

44.  Edward  Allan  Brown,  4th  s.  of  Robert 
Brown,  J.P.,  of  Craighead,  Bothwell,  a.  25. 

45.  David  Davis,  hush,  of  Louie  Davis,  ob-. 
29  Jan.,  1896,  a.  30. 

46.  Rev.   James  Mair,  M.A.,    Missionary, 
Rajputana,  India,   of>.    17   March,    1896,    at 
Puerto  Luz.    Erected  by  Annie  P.  Mair. 

47.  Capt.      Charles     Arbeiter,      Quarter- 
master,   Army    Medical   Staff,    ob.    at    Las- 


484 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        do*  s.  i.  JI-XE  is,  loot 


Palmas,  26  May,  1896,  a.  45,  from  illness 
contracted  in  the  Ashantee  Expedition  of 
1895-6. 

48.  John  Lee  Hirst,  B.A.Oxon.,  Solicitor, 
only  s.  of  the  late  Robert  Bains  Hirst,  of 
Clayton,  Bradford,  Yorks,  b.  25  Sept.,  1863, 
ob.  25  March,  1898. 

49.  Joseph  Ebbsmith,  b.  1849,  ob.  1899. 

50.  Thomas  Wright  Haddon,    Scholar    of 
University   College,   Oxford,    Clerk  in  the 
'Office   of    H.M.  Civil   Service  Commission, 
13  years  assistant    master  in    the  City  of 
London  School,  b.  7  June,  1857,  ob.  11  Feb., 
1899. 

51.  Rev.    Charles    Richard    Green,    M.A., 
b.  14  March,  1846,  ob.  14  May,  1899. 

52.  William  Wright,  ob.  5  May,  1899,  a.  32. 

53.  Col.  Sir  Alfred  Burdon  Ellis,  K.C.B., 
1st  West  India  Regt.,  b.  20  Jan.,  1852,  ob. 
-6  March,  1894. 

54.  Louisa  Emily,  w.  of  the  Rev.  W.   F. 
Faulding,  ob.ll  April,  1894,  a.  42. 

55.  Katherine  Alice,  w.  of  J.  W.  Wilkinson, 
of  Birmingham,  ob.  3  Nov.,  1894,  a.  34,  and 
J.  W.  Wilkinson,  her  husb.,  elder  s.  of  the 
Rev.    Canon    Wilkinson,    D.D.,    Rector    of 
Birmingham,  who  ob.  3  April,  1895,  a.  52. 

56.  Colin  Malcolm  Percy,  of  Glasgow,  ob. 
19  Dec.,  1887,  a.  40. 

57.  Capt.  Samuel  Moore,  late  Royal  Irish 
Regiment  and  Inspector-General  of  the  Sierra 
Leone  Frontier  Force,  ob.  22  Oct.,  1900,  a.  50. 

58.  Edith,  w.  of  Clifton  Channum,  eldest 
d.  of  James  Henry  Simpson,  of  Canada,  ob. 
13  March,  1900,  of  fever  contracted  in  Africa. 

59.  Sidney  Edward    Shelley  Leigh,   s.   of 
Thomas  Leigh,  Commander  P.  &  O.  Service, 
and  of  Jessie  his  w.,  ob.  9  Jan.,  1900,  a.  21. 

60.  Capt.  C.  W.  Grant,  ob.  at  Las  Palmas, 
19  May,  1901,  a.  33. 

61.  Richard  Atkinson,   B.A.,  F.R.C.S.,   of 
-Stauwix,   Cumberland,   ob.   17  March,   1901, 
a.  53. 

62.  Lieut.  -  Col.   Henry  Francis   Hornsby, 
102nd   Royal  Madras  Fusiliers,  ob.   at    Las 
Palmas,  16  Feb.,  1901. 

63.  Ernest  Richard  Millar,  youngest  s.  of 
F.  C.  J.  Millar,  Esq.,  Q.C.,  Bencher  of  the 
Inner  Temple,  ob.  5  Feb.,  1901,  a.  27. 

64.  Daniel     Stewart,    of     Greenock,     ob. 
34  Jan.,  1901,  a.  50. 

65.  Andrew  L.  Knox  Gilchrist,  ob.  20  Jan., 
1901,  a.  51. 

66.  John  Alexander  Stewart,  ob.  at  Casita 
Madeira,  Las  Palmas,  27  Dec.,  1900.    Erected 
by  his  wife. 

67.  Jennie,  w.  of  the  late  Ernest  Smith,  ob. 
8  Nov.,  1902. 

68.  Bertram  H.  Butcher,  b.  1  May,  1861,  ob. 
•6  Nov.,  1902. 


69.  Thomas,  s.  of  Thomas  and  Elizabeth 
Carruthers,  of  Liverpool,  ob.  11  April,  1901, 

a     97 

cL.    jut . 

70.  Walter  Mardon  Ducat,  Colonel  Royal 
Engineers,  b.  18  Jan.,  1837,  ob.  12  Jan.,  1902. 

71.  Georgina  Edith,  only  child  of  Frederick 
and  Susan  Lawson,  ob.  7  Nov.,  1901,  a.  8. 

72.  Rev.  T.  K.  Murphy,  M.A.,  of  Armagh, 
Chaplain  of  Las  Palmas,  b.  11  Feb.,  1868,  ob. 
12  Oct.,  1901. 

73.  David  Oliver,  of  Liverpool,  ob.  at  Las 
Palmas,  26  June,  1903,  a.  73. 

74.  Harry  Niven  Walker  Hope.  ob.  13  June, 
1903,  a.  31. 

75.  Louisa  Frances  Kempson,  of  Stoke  Lacy, 
Heref.,  b.  28  Jan.,  1834,  ob.  18  April,  1903. 

76.  Thomas    Mitchell    Brown,    5th    s.    of 
Robert  Brown,  J.P.,  of  Craighead,  Bothwell, 
a.  31  [1903?]. 

77.  William  Talbot    Cuddow,  ob.   7   Feb., 
1903,  a.  42. 

78.  Thomas  Arthur,  s.  of  Henry  and  Mary 
Reeves,  of  Lavender  Hill,  London,  ob.  29  Jan., 
1903,  a.  24. 

79.  William    George    Gurney,    of    H.M.S. 
Rainbow,  b.  26  May,  1866,  ob.  7  Feb.,  1903. 

80.  Alex.  Cochran,  ob.  24  April,  1853,  a.  63. 

81.  Erected  by  Thomas  Miller,  merchant, 
of  Las  Palmas.     Thomas,  his  s.,  ob.  15  Sept., 
1842,  a.  1  year.    Charles,  his  s.,  ob.  11  April, 
1845,  a.  16  months.   George,  his  s.,  ob.  20  June, 
1851,  a.  2  years.     Mary  Vasconcellos,  his  w., 
ob.  21  June,  1851.    Mary,  his  d.,  ob.  21  June, 
1851,  a.  3  years.    Henry  Grieve,  his  s.,  ob. 
22  June,  1851,  a.  6. 

82.  Thomas   Miller,   b.   22  April,  1805,   in 
Kenoway,  Fifeshire,  ob.  23  April,  1885,  after 
60  years'  residence  in  the  Canary  Is.    Also 
his  widow,   Margaret  Hamilton   Wilson,  b. 

18  Jan.,  1817,  ob.  28  July,  1891. 

83.  Mary  Bertram,  w.  of  James  Swanston, 
merchant,  of  Las  Palmas,  ob.  25  Dec.,  1835, 
a.  21. 

84.  Ellen  Crawford,  servant  of  Mrs.  Swan- 
ston, ob.  24  July,  1861,  a.  22. 

85.  Hor°  Wetherell,  H.B.M.V.C.,  ob.  13  May, 
1880,  a.  38. 

86.  Eliza  Miller,  w.  of  H.  Wetherell,  ob. 

19  Jan.,  1879,  a.  32. 

87.  Peter  Alfred  Swanston,  ob.  5  Oct.,  1844, 
a.  3j  years. 

88.  Herbert  Walter,  eldest  s.  of  John  Perry, 
ob.  19  Jan.,  1888. 

89.  Charles  Thomas,  s.  of  Frederic  and  Alice 
Smith,  ob.  16  Jan.,  1874,  a.  18. 

Besides  the  above  there  are  a  number  of 
interments  marked  only  by  small  iron  crosses, 
on  which  the  names,  but  no  dates,  have  been 
painted.  The  following  are  the  more  legible 
of  the  names :  A.  Mackintosh,  F.  Blaber, 


10*  s.  i.  JC.N-E  is,  low.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


485 


T.  Dodd,  J.  A.  Nicholl,  J.  Forrester,  Rev.  W.  M 
Lane,  M.  M.  Henderson,  W.  Shaw,  J.  Shaw 
J.  Turnbull,  J.  Hutchinson,  H.  Hastings,  W, 
Barker,  M.  Jackson,  H.  L.  Seddon,  S.  Wall, 
M.  E.  Quiney.  G.  S.  PARRY,  Lieut.-Uol. 


FRENCH  PROVERBIAL  PHRASES. 

(See  ante,  p.  3.) 
Bon  jour  et  bon  an. — The  following  lines 
appeared  in  the  Mercure  of  January,  1726, 
and  mutatis  mutandis  might  almost  be  applied 
to  Christmas  boxes  : — 

Sur  le  jour  de  Van. 
Ne  peut-on  du  calendrier 
Effaeer  le  premier  Janvier, 
Ce  jour  fatal  aux  pauvres  bourses, 
Ce  jour  fertile  en  sottes  courses  ; 
Ce  jour  oil  cent  froids  visiteurs, 
A  titre  de  complimenteurs, 
Pleins  dii  zele  qui  les  transporte, 
Sement  1'ennui  de  porte  en  porte  ? 
On  fuir  les  assauts  petulans 
De  ces  baiseurs  congratulans, 
Qui  viennent  donner  pour  e"trenne 
Le  fier  poison  de  leur  haleine  ? 
O  jour  !  qui  n'as  pour  amateurs 
Que  1'ordre  des  freres  questeurs, 
Quand  du  joug  dur  de  tes  corv^es 
Verrons-nous  nos  cites  sauv^es  ? 

Bon.— Here  are  a  few  proverbs  containing 
or  beginning  with  this  adjective  : — 
Bonnes  gens  font  les  bons  pays. 
Bon  cceur  fait  le  bon  caractere. 
Bons  comptes  font  les  bons  amis. 
Bon  fermier  fait  la  bonne  terre. 
Bons  livres  font  les  bonnes  moeurs, 
Bons  maitres  les  bons  serviteurs. 
Les  bons  bras  font  les  bonnes  lames. 
Le  bon  gout  fait  les  bons  ecrits. 
Bons  maris  font  les  bonnes  femmes, 
Bonnes  femmes  les  bons  maris. 

C'est  le  chat. — This  expression  is  used  as 
in  English  to  express  disbelief  in  what  has 
been  said,  and  the  following  lines  are  given 
in  La  Mesangere's  book  a  propos  of  the 
phrase  : — 

Purgon,  medecin  k  la  mode, 

Est  vraiment  habile  docteur ; 

II  vante  partout  sa  methode  ; 

On  la  suit,  le  malade  meurt. 

Purgon,  en  le  voyant  sans  vie, 

Dit  encore  avec  bonhomie : 

Ce  n'est  pas  moi  qui  1'ai  mis  la ; 
Non,  c'est  le  chat. 

Toujours  content  de  sa  personne, 
Sans  cesse  Damon  s'applaudit ; 
Et  plus  le  monsieur  deraisonne, 
Plus  il  savoure  ce  qu'il  dit ; 
H  ne  peut  nombrer  ses  conquetes  ; 
II  fait  tourner  toutes  les  tetes  : 
Monsieur  Damon  n'est  pas  un  fat, 
Non,  c'est  le  chat. 

EDWARD  LATHAM. 
(To  be  continued.) 


Here  is  another  illustration  of  the  phrase 
"II  est  bon  d'avoir  des  amis  partout,"  taken 
from  the  Count  de  Chevigne's  'Contes 
Remois.'  A  young  girl  at  the  conclusion  of 
a  sermon  goes  to  a  priest,  and  requests  him 
to  say  a  mass  to  her  intention  : — 

Une  fillette  aux  yeux  bleus  au  corps  gent 
De  lui  s'approche,  et  d'un  air  innocent, 
L'argent  en  main,  lui  demande  line  messe. 
"  Est-ce  £  la  Vierge  ?  "    "  Oh  oui,  certainementr 
Monsieur,"  dit-elle.    "  Excusez,  mon  enfant ; 
Sur  ce  article  il  faut  qu'on  vous  previenne 
Que  bien  souvent  la  Vierge  prend  en  haine 
Et  punit  fort  jeune  fille  qui  ment." 
La  belle  alors,  par  le  bras  1'arretant : 
"  Dites  aussi  deux  mots  &  la  Madeleine." 

'  Le  Choix  d'une  Messe.' 

A  further  example  is  by  Gerald  Massey, 
from  his  poem  entitled  '  Louis  Napoleon  and 
England  ':  — 
There  was  a  poor  old  woman,  a  daughter  of  our 

nation, 
Before    the   devil's    portrait    stood    in    ignorant 

adoration. 
"  You  're  bowing  down  to  Satan,  ma'am,"  said  some 

spectator  civil : 
"  Ah,  sir,  it 's  best  to  be  polite,  for  we  may  go  to 
the  devil." 

Bow,  bow,  bow, 
We  may  go  to  the  devil,  so  it 's  just  as  well  to  bow. 

JOHN  HEBB. 


A  JAPANESE  MASTER  OF  LIES. — Kyokutei 
Bakin  (1767-1848),  the  greatest  Japanese 
romancist  of  modern  times,  in  his  'Kiryo 
Manroku,'  1812  (ed.  1885,  torn.  ii.  fol.  33), 
records  the  following  story,  which  he  heard 
during  his  sojourn  in  Kyoto  some  years 
Defore  his  writing  : — 

"  A  courtier  named  Saito  Fumitsugu,  still  alive, 
is  very  skilful  in  telling  laughable  lies.  In  the 
evening  of  the  '  Bon '  festival  last  seventh  moon 
;here  took  place  a  very  extraordinary  event  in 
Takatsuki.  A  man,  from  his  despondency  in  love, 
nflicted  bodily  harm  upon  about  seventy  persons. 
When  the  news  spread  in  Kyoto  there  were  dif- 
'erent  opinions  as  to  its  veracity.  Then  Fumitsugu, 
calling  on  a  friend,  reported  that  the  day  previous 
le  went  himself  to  his  relative  in  that  place,  and 
was  assured  that  three  men  were  actually  wounded. 
As  it  was  thought  seventy  individuals  were  too 
many  for  a  single  man  to  wound  in  one  evening, 
sverybody  pronounced  him  to  have  told  the  truth 
or  the  first  time  in  his  life.  Next  day,  however,, 
a  man  really  came  from  that  town  and  confirmed 
seventy  as  the  genuine  number.  All  were  so  con- 
vulsed with  laughter  as  to  be  almost  stunned. 

"At  the  beginning  of  a  year,  Fumitsugu  called 
lis  friends  round  him  and  said,  '  It  is  a  custom  for 
poets  and  musicians  to  celebrate  at  this  time  the 
east  of  the  first  production  of  their  arts,  so  I  will 
ielebrate  my  lies  on  the  eleventh  day,  whereto  you 
ire  all  invited  at  noon.'  Thus  speaking  in  earnest, 
le  went  home.  All  his  friends,  extremely  curious 
what  manner  of  lies  he  would  utter  then,  called  on 
lira  as  was  appointed,  To  their  great  surprise,  his 


486 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       do*  s.  i.  JUNE  is,  190*. 


"wife  appeared  at  the  gate,  and  said,  '  My  husband 
Jias  been  out  since  morning.'  After  being  astounded 
with  this  New  Year's  lie,  they  went  back  home 
roaring  with  laughter." 

Evidently  the  same  romancist  adapted  this 
-story  in  an  episode  in  his  reputed  '  Kocho 
Monogatari,'  1810,  a  Japanese  'Gulliver's 
'Travels.'  There,  in  the  narrative  of  the 
Land  of  Lies,  the  hero  Musdbyde  has  been 
promised  by  Yajiro,  the  great  master  of 
lies,  that  he  shall  hear  the  first  example  of 
his  mendacity  on  New  Year's  Day — when  he 
•calls  on  him,  but  is  told  by  his  wife  he  is 
•absent.  Thinking  that  conscience  has  sud- 
denly made  the  liar  ashamed  of  his  own 
liabit  and  fly  from  his  presence,  he  deter- 
mines to  go  home ;  but  after  taking  a  few 
^steps  round  the  corner  of  the  house,  he  dis- 
covers through  the  window  the  liar  quietly 
•enjoying  a  pipe  of  tobacco.  Much  irritated 
with  the  meanness  of  the  liar's  conduct,  he 
rushes  into  the  room  and  censures  him  for 
his  cowardly  way  of  putting  off  his  guest. 
Perfectly  contrary  to  his  expectation,  the 
liar,  in  composure,  gives  him  this  reply  : — 

"I  invited  you  to  come  and  hear  my  first  lie 
to-day.  And  whatever  dexterous  falsehood  I  could 
>tell  at  our  meeting,  would  it  not  have  been  any- 
thing but  a  lie  to  have  kept  my  promise,  had  I  seen 
you  according  to  our  compact?  Now  you  were 
about  going  home,  firmly  believing  as  a  truth  what 
I  caused  my  wife  artfully  to  tell  you,  when  you 
happened  to  discover  that  was  another  lie.  So,  you 
see,  I  have  just  displayed  my  unique  art  in  doubly 
deceiving  you  on  one  occasion." 

Perhaps  some  correspondents  can  inform 
me  of  other  instances  of  such  adroit  men- 
dacity. KUMAGUSU  MlNAKATA. 

Mount  Nachi,  Kii,  Japan. 

GREENWICH  PALACE.— I  had  been  wonder- 
ing what  excuse  I  might  have  for  making 
this  note,  when  I  came  across  the  title 
'Vanishing  London'  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  of  4  June, 
•on  which  day  I  went  to  Greenwich  by  boat, 
not  having  seen  the  palace  from  the  river  for 
several  years.  To  my  horror  I  found  the 
palace  vanishing.  Two  enormous  shafts 
'have  been  allowed  to  be  built  almost  at  the 
side  of  the  palace  as  it  appears  as  you  arrive 
•by  boat.  The  effect  is  to  dwarf  these  mag- 
nificent buildings  so  much  that  they  will 
never  again  impress  the  foreigner  with  their 
-•size.  It  is  a  shameful  piece  of  vandalism. 

RALPH  THOMAS. 

T  ROYAL  OAK  DAY.— The  Sheffield  Daily 
Telegraph  states  that  this  celebration  has 
just  taken  place  at  Castleton,  in  the  Peak  of 
Derbyshire,  and  that  in  the  procession  the 
character  of  King  was  sustained  by  a  per- 
former who  has  ridden  the  part  for  thirty 
years,  he  being  accompanied  by  a  male 


"Queen,"  and  followed  by  a  score  of  girls, 
who  executed  morris  dances  in  good  style. 
The  "  King's  "  garland  was  afterwards  hoisted 
with  ropes  to  a  pinnacle  of  the  church  tower, 
and  there  left  to  wither.  The  parish  register 
contains  an  entry  of  1749,  "  paid  for  an  iron 
rod  to  hang  ye  ringer's  garland  in,  8d." 

W.  B.  H. 

"NEWSPAPER."  (See  8th  S.  vi.  508;  vii. 
112,  237,  432 ;  ix.  294  ;  9th  S.  v.  34.)— I  would 
add  to  my  previous  illustrations  of  the 
earliest  recorded  use  of  the  word  "newspaper" 
one  of  1679,  which  comes  between  the  two 
dates  already  given.  In  this  case  it^is 
employed  by  so  distinguished  an  authority 
as  Sir  William  Temple,  who,  writing  to  the 
Earl  of  Danby  from  the  Hague,  23  January, 
1679,  refers  to  the  part  that  politician's  name 
"had  in  the  last  newspapers  and  journals 
from  England "  (Historical  MSS.  Commis- 
sion, Fourteenth  Report,  Appendix,  part  ix. 
p.  399),  that  being  the  period  of  his  threatened 
impeachment  because  of  his  conduct  as  Lord 
Treasurer.  But  the  Earl  of  Llndsey,  writing 
to  the  same  peer  two  years  later  (14  May, 
1681),  uses  the  older  form  in  the  sentence, 
"  The  news  books  informed  me  this  morning 
of  Fitz  Harris  his  trial"  (ibid.,  p.  433). 

ALFRED  F.  ROBBINS. 

"  OFFICER  "  :  "  OFFICIAL."— In  the  American 
railroad  world  these  two  words  are  used  almost 
interchangeably  as  substantives.  When  there 
is  any  distinction  made  between  them  the 
former  implies  a  higher  rank  than  the  latter. 

E.  F.  McPiKE. 

Chicago,  U.S. 

"  OONALASKA." — Annotating  "  Oonalaska's 
shore,"  in  the  volume  of  Campbell's  '  Poems ' 
which  he  has  just  edited  for  the  "Golden 
Treasury  "  series,  Prof.  Lewis  Campbell  writes 
as  follows : — 

"  The  name  Unalaska  is  given  in  recent  maps  to 
an  island  in  the  Aleutian  group  off  the  Alaskan 
promontory ;  and  General  Sir  C.  Wilson,  K.C.B., 
remembers  hearing  of  it  when  he  served  on  a 
boundary  commission  in  1862." 

This  vague  and  tentative  statement  sug- 
gests that  Prof.  Campbell  is  not  sure  of  his 
ground,  and,  indeed,  provokes  the  inference 
that  he  would  not  be  surprised  to  hear  that 
the  island  is  a  mere  nominis  iimbra,  and  that 
the  poet  drew  from  his  own  unaided  fancy 

The  wolf's  long  howl  from  Oonalaska's  shore. 

Geographers,  however,  state  that  the  place 
is  one  of  the  Fox  Islands  in  the  Aleutian 
group,  and  that  it  is  so  substantial  and 
definite  as  to  be  known  to  include  within  its 
borders  "  the  parish  church,  the  custom- 
house, and  important  trading  establishments." 


io*  s.  LJUSE  18,180*.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


487 


While  nothing  is  said  of  the  presence  of 
wolves  in  the  immediately  availame  descrip- 
tions, the  Aleutian  Islands  generally  are  said 
to  be  "overrun  with  foxes,  dogs,  and  rein- 
deer." Probably  it  is  quite  safe  to  assume 
that  the  wolf  also  howled  in  those  remote 
latitudes  when  the  poet  wrote  '  The  Pleasures 
of  Hope.'  THOMAS  BAYNE. 

CROMWELL'S  HEAD.— The  question  as  to 
whether  a  certain  gruesome  relic  in  the 
possession  of  a  gentleman  residing  nearSeven- 
oaks  in  Kent  is  or  is  not  the  head  of  the 
whilom  Protector  of  England  has  recently 
taken  up  some  twenty-three  inches  of  space  in 
thecolumnsofthe/)cu7:yJ/ai7.  OnBNovember, 
1895,  the  Daily  Chronicle  devoted  nearly  three 
columns  to  the  same  subject,  and  also  pub- 
lished a  horribly  realistic  full-size  picture  of 
the  head  itself.  What  can  be  the  reason  for 
hoarding  such  a  relic?  Whether  it  once 
belonged  to  Cromwell  or  not,  surely  the  one 
right  and  proper  course  to  pursue  is  to  bury 
it  reverently  out  of  sight  forthwith.  A  corre- 
spondent appears  to  have  already  made  this 
suggestion  in  the  columns  of  Truth.  I  would 
cordially  re-echo  it  through  the  medium  of 
the  world-read  pages  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

"AMONG  OTHERS/' —  This  expression  is 
becoming  quite  usual  in  newspapers  and 
reviews.  Thus  in  the  Spectator,  14  May, 

p.  764,   "an  enlightening  article appears 

among  others  in   a  book  called ,"  &c. 

Here,  by  the  hypothesis,  the  "others"  are 
those  that  remain  after  the  particular  article 
has  been  taken  away.  How  then  can  it  still 
appear  among  those  others  ?  What  is  meant 
is  "with  others."  Again,  in  the  pamphlet 
'History  of  the  Times,'  just  issued,  p.  6,  we 
read,  "  Among  other  stones  employed  for  the 
building  were  those  of  Baynard  Castle." 

W.  C.  B. 

GRAY'S  'ELEGY'  IN  LATIN.— In  addition 
to  the  versions  mentioned  ante,  p.  58,  in  the 
review  of  Mr.  W.  A.  Clarke's  rendering, 
there  are  the  following : — 

A  version  by  C.  A.  Wheelwright  in  1813, 
referred  to  in  the  Classical  Journal,  xi.  675. 

A  version  in  Latin  verse,  together  with  the 
author's  rejected  stanzas  and  Dr.  Edwards's 
additional  lines,  by  D.  B.  Hickie,  Class.  Jour., 
xxviii.  377. 

S.  G.  Owen's  version  in  'Musa  Clauda,' 
Clarendon  Press,  1898,  p.  2. 

Mr.  Clarke  states  that  the  version  in 
'Arundines  Cami,'1841,  is  by  J.  H.  Macaulay. 
John  Heyrick  Macaulay  is  J.  H.  M.1 ;  John 


Herman  Merivale  is  J.  H.  M. ;  and  the  trans- 
lation of  the  '  Elegy '  is  signed  J.  H.   M. 
But  as  there  are  two  pieces   in  the  book 
signed  J.  H.  M.,  and  none  signed  J.  H.  M.1, 
one  J.  H.  M.  is  perhaps  an  error  for  J.  H.  M.1 
It  would  be  interesting  to  settle  this  point. 
F.  T.  KICKARDS. 
Asiatic  Society,  Bombay. 


WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

ISABELLINE  AS  A  COLOUR. — Wanted  the 
origin  and  use  of  the  word  "isabelline"  as 
a  colour.  It  is  not  taken  up  in  Latham's 
edition  of  Johnson's  '  Dictionary '  (1871). 

Jos.  D.  HOOKER. 

["isabelline"  duly  appears  in  the  '  N.E.D.,'  the 
earliest  quotation  being  1859.  The  word  is  formed 
from  Isabella,  which  is  illustrated  by  an  extract 
from  'Inv.  Queen's  Garderobe,'  1600:  "Item,  one 
rounde  gowne  of  Isabella  -  colour  satten."  Dr. 
Murray  says :  "  Various  stories  have  been  put 
forth  to  account  for  the  name.  That  given  in 
D'Israeli,  '  Cur.  Lit.'  (Article  '  Anecdotes  of 
Fashion '),  and  also  in  Littre,  associating  it  with 
the  Archduchess  Isabella  and  the  siege  of  Ostend 
1601-1604,  is  shown  by  our  first  quotation  to  be 
chronologically  impossible."  SIR  JOSEPH  HOOKER 
may  like  to  see  the  references  to  isabel  colour  at 
6th  S.  ii.  309,  525 ;  8th  S.  vi.  7,  52 ;  vii.  37  ;  9th  S.  xi. 
49,  174,  392.] 

FATHER  PETCHORIN. — In  the  correspond- 
ence of  Herzen  I  find  a  number  of  references 
to  a  Father  Petchorin,  who  was  in  the 
thirties  a  brilliant  professor  at  Moscow 
University.  About  that  time  he  joined  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church,  and,  after  living  for 
some  while  in  Paris,  settled  in  Ireland.  In 
1855  he  was  prosecuted  for  the  alleged  burn- 
ing of  Protestant  Bibles,  but  acquitted.  For 
his  career  in  Russia  I  have  ample  material, 
but  I  can  find  no  particulars  as  to  his  life 
and  work  in  Ireland.  He  died,  I  believe, 
about  1873,  and  it  is  just  possible  that  some 
of  your  readers  may  be  in  a  position  to  give 
me  the  information  I  require.  V.  Z. 

Ley  ton,  Essex. 

WHO      HAS       "  IMPROVED "       SlR      EDWARD 

DYER  1 — Would  some  of  your  ingenious  corre- 
spondents be  at  the  trouble  to  assist  me  in 
the  following  difficulty — beyond  my  means 
of  solution1?  In  1847  I  published  in  the 
fieasoner,  No.  34,  '  Selections  from  the 
Poetry  of  Progress,'  compiled  by  "  Pantier " 
— the  late  Miss  Sophia  Dobson  Collet — 
an  intelligent  and  trustworthy  writer. 


488 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  JUNK  is,  MM. 


The  first  poem,  "ascribed  to  Sir  Edward 
Dyer,"  as  it  is  still,  begins  with  the  striking 
verse  :— 

My  mind  to  me  a  kingdom  is  ; 

Such  perfect  joy  therein  I  find, 
•    As  far  exceeds  all  earthly  bliss. 

That  God  or  nature  hath  assign'd. 

I  have  always  assumed  this  to  be  a  genuine 
verse  of  Dyer,  and  used  it  lately  as  the  best 
description  I  knew. of  the  intellectual  con- 
tentment of  Herbert  Spencer  in  his  last 
days. 

Since  I  have  been  reminded  that  in  the 
'Golden  Treasury,'  compiled  by  one  of  the  Pal- 
graves,  the  verse  is  differently  given,  I  find 
Henry  Morley,  in  Cassell's  "  Library  of  Eng- 
lish Literature,"  'Shorter  English  Poems,' 
no  date  given  (why  do  publishers  of  repute 
issue  books  without  any  date  ?),  follows 
Palgrave— or  Palgrave  follows  him — in  pub- 
lishing the  verse  in  the  following  way  : — 
My  mind  to  me  a  kingdom  is, 

Such  present  joys  therein  I  find, 
That  it  excels  all  other  bliss 
That  earth  affords,  or  grows  by  kind. 

Here  are  several  words  changed,  and  the 
last  line  needs  an  interpreter  to  explain  it. 
It  looks  as  though  Dyer  (who  died  1607)  had 
been  reading  Darwin  or  Spencer  without 
improving  the  quality  or  boldness  of  his  first 
thought.  The  question  I  want  answered  is, 
Did  Dyer  write  as  I  quoted  him  in  1847? 
And  if  so,  who  has  altered  it  since  ?  Has 
poor  Dyer  been  bowdlerized,  or  annotated,  or 
improved,  or  explained  away,  as  is  the  fate 
of  so  many  authors  when  they  fall  into  the 
hands  of  modern  editors  ? 

G.  J.  HOLYOAKE. 

Brighton. 

BYKONIANA.— Who  was  the  author  of  'A 
Sequel  to  "  Don  Juan," '  published  by  Paget 
&  Co.,  2,  Bury  Street,  St.  James's,  without 
date  ?  It  is  a  book  of  239  large  octavo  pages, 
containing  nearly  700  eight-line  stanzas,  in 
five  cantos.  This  question  was  a  good  many 
years  since  discussed  in  '  N.  <fe  Q.,'  but  never 
definitely  answered. 

Was  Byron  the  author  of  (any  of)  'Ac- 
cepted Addresses,'  published  about  the  time 
of  James  and  Horace  Smith's  'Kejected  Ad- 
dresses '  ?  The  bibliography  of  the  latter  is 
well  known,  but  I  have  failed  to  find  any 
clue  to  '  Accepted  Addresses,'  though  it  not 
long  since  appeared  as  a  scarce  item  in  a 
bookseller's  catalogue.  W.  B.  H. 

INNS  OF  COURT.— It  seems  clear  that  during 
the  Middle  Ages  the  members  of  each  Inn 
lived  in  chambers  in  the  Inn.  It  seems 
also  clear  that  the  wife  of  a  member  was  not 


allowed  to  share  his  rooms.  Is  there  any 
record  of  a  member  giving  up  his  rooms- 
when  he  married  ?  or  did  he  still  live  there, 
and  keep  a  separate  establishment  for  his 
wife?  Q.  B. 

DESECRATED  FONTS. — I  shall  be  glad  to  be 
supplied  with  instances  of  desecrated  fonts. 
The  following  examples  have  lately  come 
under  my  notice  : — 

When  visiting  the  church  of  St.  James, 
Thrapston,  in  1903,  the  Northamptonshire 
Architectural  Society  reported :  "The  ancient 
fourteenth-century  font  is  in  a  garden  in  the 
town.  A  modern  one  has  taken  its  place  in 
the  church." 

The  Bev.  Thos.  Jones,  recently  appointed 
vicar  of  Amblestone  Church,  Pembrokeshire, 
discovered  the  ancient  font  "fulfilling  a 
sphere  of  innocent  usefulness  in  a  house 
belonging  to  one  of  the  oldest  parishioners. 
It  had  been  ingeniously  adapted  as  a  cheese 
press,  and  was  still  in  an  excellent  state  of 
preservation."  It  is  interesting  to  learn  that 
it  has  again  been  restored  to  the  church. 

The  font  of  Tideswell  Church,  Derbyshire, 
"  was  rescued  by  the  late  vicar  from  a 
rubbish  heap,  where  it  had  been  placed  by 
the  Goths  of  the  eighteenth  century,  who 
used  it  as  a  parish  paint-pot  when  they 
'beautified'  the  church  with  blue  and 
mahogany  paint." 

I  have  myself  seen  several  instances  of 
ancient  fonts  relegated  to  a  position  amongst 
the  monuments  in  the  churchyard  in  order 
to  make  room  for  modern  erections.  This  is 
only  the  first  step  towards  desecration,  or 
more  often  total  destruction.  I  maintain 
that  a  font  should  never  under  any  circum- 
stances be  cast  out  of  a  church.  Even  if  a 
new  one  is  absolutely  necessary,  the  ancient 
receptacle  should  be  fondly  cherished  and 
reverently  placed  in  some  quiet  corner 
within  the  walls  of  the  sacred  edifice. 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

NAPOLEON  ON  IMAGINATION.— The  following 
passage,  attributed  to  Napoleon,  occurs  as 
a  motto  to  the  ninth  chapter  of  the  third 
volume  of  Mr.  Morley's  'Life  of  Gladstone.' 
Will  some  one  tell  me  where  the  original  is 
to  be  found  1 — 

"  You    can   only  govern    men    by  imagination ; 

without   imagination   they  are   brutes 'Tis   by 

speaking  to  the  soul  that  you  electrify  men." 

K.  P.  D.  E. 

"LET  THE  DEAD  BURY  THEIR  DEAD." — The 

sense  of  these  words  spoken  by  Jesus  is  clear, 
but  not  the  setting.  Dead  people  cannot 


i.  JUNE  is,  1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


489 


bury,  either  their  like  or  any  one  else.     On 
what  notion  does  the  saying  repose  ? 

G.  KRUEGER. 
Berlin. 

^  ATHENIAN  SYSTEM  OF  DATING. — The  Athe- 
nians divided  their  (lunar)  months  into  three 
parts,  denominated,  respectively,  the  "moon's 
beginning,"  the  "moon's  middling,"  the 
"  moon's  ending."  Was  this  system  of  dating 
employed  in  official  documents — for  example, 
in  the  written  depositions  of  the  witnesses 
before  the  dicastery — in  the  time  of  Pericles  1 
RESERVE  OF  OFFICERS. 

BUNNEY.— On  the  Hampshire  coast  chines 
or  valleys  running  up  from  the  sea  are  called 
Bunneys — as,  for  instance,  Chewton  Bunney, 
near  Christchurch.  Can  any  of  your  readers 
give  the  etymology  of  this  word  ? 

ARTHUR  W.  THOMAS,  M.D. 

[You  will  find  the  word  in  the  'N.E.D.'  with  a 
quotation  from  R.  D.  Blackmore,  but  no  suggestion 
of  etymology.  The  'E.D.D.'  defines  it  as  a  chine, 
a  gully.] 

LANARTH. — Was  there  ever  a  barony  of 
Lanarth  1  If  so,  at  what  period,  and  what 
was  the  family  name  ?  CROSS-CROSSLET. 

'  VICAR  OF  WAKEFIELD'  IN  FRENCH. — Can 
any  reader  say  if  a  work  published  in 
2  vols.,  "A  Lpndres,  1767,"  and  bearing  the 
title  "Le  Ministre  de  Wakefield,  Histoire 
supposee  ecrite  par  Lui-meme,"  is  the  first 
French  translation  of  the  '  Vicar '  ?  I  should 
also  like  to  know  the  name  of  the  translator, 
and  if  the  book  is  of  any  particular  value. 
Lowndes  gives  1799  as  the  date  of  the  first 
French  translation,  while  Austin  Dobson  in 
his  bibliography  omits  all  mention  of  an 
edition  in  that  language,  but  notices  the 
first  German  edition,  1787.  G.  B. 

[Many  translations,  of  which  the  one  mentioned 
seems  to  be  the  first,  exist,  but  none  appears  to 
have  much  pecuniary  value.  You  will  find  all 
about  it  under  Goldsmith  in  Querard, '  Dictionnaire 
Bibliographique.'  An  illustrated  translation,  in 
2  vols.,  by  Etienne  Aignan,  An  IV.,  brings  five  or 
six  francs.] 

JAGGARD,  EAST  ANGLIAN  FAMILY  AND 
ELIZABETHAN  PRINTERS.— I  shall  be  thankful 
for  any  references  to  the  foregoing,  for  use  in 
the  history  of  the  family  I  am  preparing. 

WM.  JAGGARD. 

139,  Canning  Street,  Liverpool. 

THOMAS  PIGOTT. — Can  any  correspondent 
kindly  give  me  the  parentage  of  a  Thomas 
Pigott,  of  Dublin,  who  died  intestate  in  1778  ] 
His  wife  Mary  (maiden  name?)  survived  him, 
and  his  sister  Elizabeth  Pigott  married  first, 
(?)  in  1736,  Thomas  Bernard,  and  secondly 


the  Rev.  Peter  Westenra,  curate  of  Rosse- 
nallis,  Queen's  Co.,  brother  of  Warner  Wes- 
tenra, ancestor  of  Lord  Rossmore.  Peter 
died  s.%).  in  1788.  WM.  JACKSON  PIGOTT. 

"RAMIE." — Can  a  Lancashire  man  tell  me 
the  meaning  of  the  above,  for  I  infer  it  is 
a  provincialism  ] — 

"  If  ramie  had  received  the  attention  it  deserved, 
no  cotton  crises  would  be  in  our  midst.  To  grow 
ramie  is  the  best  solution  of  the  problem  how  to 
avoid  cotton-gambling,  cornering  crises.  We  need 
no  legislation ;  the  remedy  is  ramie."  —  Daily 
Dispatch. 

M.A.OxoN. 

1  WILHELM  MEISTER.'  —  Can  any  reader 
supply  a  complete  list  of  the  translations 
which  have  been  made  of  '  Wilhelm  Meister  ' 
into  English  and  French  1  KOM  OMBO. 

RODMELL  FAMILY. — I  shall  be  glad  if  any 
readers  who  have  met  with  this  name  in  the 
course  of  their  reading  (especially  in  books 
or  documents  of  the  eighteenth  and  early 
nineteenth  centuries  or  earlier)  will  kindly 
communicate  directly  with  me. 

RONALD  DIXON. 

46,  Marlborough  Avenue,  Hull. 

BEATING  THE  BOUNDS  :  ITS  ORIGIN.— I  am 
anxious  to  discover  the  origin  of  the  practice 
of  whipping  or  "bumping  "  persons  who  take 
part  in  the  perambulation  or  parishes  at  this 
time  of  year.  Was  there  any  such  practice 
in  connexion  with  the  mediaeval  Rogation 
processions  which  were  replaced  by  the 
present  custom  ?  C.  W.  F.  M. 

NAME  FOR  A  UNIVERSITY  WOMEN'S  CLUB.— 
Would  some  ingenious  person  among  the 
many  quick-witted  contributors  to  'N.  &  Q.' 
be  kind  enough  to  suggest  a  suitable  name 
for  a  club  or  society  of  university  women, 
who  have  been  appealing  to  their  friends  all 
round  to  help  them  in  this  matter  1  A  Latin 
or  Greek  name  preferred. 

ANIMO  ANCIPITI. 

MAJOR-GENERAL  EYRES. — Can  any  reader 
give  me  information  as  to  the  place  and  date 
birth,  or  any  clue  as  to  the  parentage,  of 
George  Boulton  Eyres,   who  was  a  major- 
eneral  in  the  Hon.  E.  I.  Co.'s  service,  and 
ied  at  Bath  15  January,  1797,  aged  sixty- 
one  years  ?  C.  E.  JOHNSTON. 
Terlings,  Harlow. 

LOUISA  M.  ALCOTT.  —  In  what  English 
periodical  publication  did  Miss  Alcott's  story 
'Eight  Cousins'  appear  serially?  I  should 
like  to  know  the  date  of  the  publication,  also 
its  title  and  publisher.  I  think  it  was  in  the 
seventies.  W.  J.  JOHNSTON. 

54,  Wellington  Road,  Dublin. 


490 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  JC»E  is,  wot 


THE  NAME  JESUS. 
(10th  S.  i.  428.) 

THE  full  etymological  history  of  this  name 
may  be  seen  in  the  '  New  English  Dictionary  ' 
under  the  word.  Briefly,  the  full  old  Hebrew 
word  Yehoshu&',  which  was  contracted  in  Old 
Heb.  to  Yoshua'  (written  in  English  Joshua), 
became  in  late  Heb.  or  Aramaic  Yeshua'  (in 
English  Bible  Jeshua).  In  Greek,  which  did 
not  possess  the  sound  sk,  but  substituted  s, 
and  rejected  the  Semitic  evanescent  gut- 
turals, Yeshu(a')  became  Yesu'  ('Irjcrov),  in 
the  nominative  case  Yesu'-s  ('Ir/o-ous).  In 
Latin  these  were  written  in  Roman  letters 
IESU,  nominative  IESU-S.  In  Old  French 
this  became  in  the  nominative  case  Jesus ; 
in  the  regimen  or  oblique  case  Jesu.  Middle 
English  adopted  the  stem-form  Jesu,  the 
regular  form  of  the  name  down  to  the  time 
of  the  Renascence.  It  then  became  the 
fashion  to  restore  the  Latin  -s  of  the  nomi- 
native case,  Jesu-s,  and  to  use  the  nominative 
form  also  for  the  objective  and  oblique  cases, 
just  as  we  do  in  Charle-s,  Jame-s,  Juliu-s, 
and  Thoma-s.  Very  generally,  however,  the 
vocative  remained  Jesu,  as  in  Latin  and  in 
Middle  English,  and  this  is  still  usual  in 
hymns.  It  is  thus  quite  correct  to  say  that 
Joshua  and  Jesu  are  forms  of  the  same 
original  name,  though  Jesu  has  not  been 
"  evolved  "  from  the  form  Joshu(a),  but  from 
the  sister  form  Jeshu(a),  more  phonetically 
Yeshua',  the  late  Hebrew  or  Aramaic  con- 
tracted form  of  the  original  Yehoshua' 
or  Jehoshua.  In  the  current  form  Jesus 
we  have  the  combined  influence  of  all  the 
languages  written  on  the  cross.  Hebrew 
gave  the  word  itself,  Greek  the  s  for  sh, 
Latin  the  current  spelling  with  J  and  final 
•***•  J.  A.  H.  M. 

I  did  not  know  that  there  could  be  any 
doubt  that  Jesus  is  a  form  of  Joshua.  It  is 
applied  to  the  successor  of  Moses  in  Acts  vii. 
45  and  Heb.  iv.  8.  The  English  and  Latin 
forms  come  to  us  through  the  Greek  'Irjcrous, 
in  which  the  undoubted  Hebrew  original  is 
not  more  disguised  than  in  scores  of  other 
names.  S  for  sh  and  a  final  consonant  are 
common  enough  in  Greek  forms  of  Hebrew 
names ;  thus  we  have  "  Solomon  "  for  Shel6mo 

Esaias  "  for  Yesha'ahu,  &c.  J.  T.  F 

Durham. 

Ample  information  concerning  this  name 
is  to  be  found  in  what  PROF.  SKEAT  has 
termed  the  "  Neglected  "  English  Dictionary. 
On  p.  573  of  vol.  v.  Dr.  Murray  gives  the 


history  of  the  word  Jesus  from  its  earliest 
appearance  as  Jehoshua,  later  Jeshua,  to 
the  final  adoption  in  English  of  its  Latin 
nominative  form.  J.  DORMER. 

[MR.  T.  BAYNE,  MR.  A.  HALL,  MR.  HOLDEX 
MACMICHAEL,  and  MR.  M.  S.  PAGE  are  thanked  for 
replies.] 

BAXTER'S  OIL  PAINTING  (10th  S.  i.  427).— 
This  is  a  print  in  oil  colours,  by  George 
Baxter,  which  originally  formed  the  frontis- 
piece to  '  The  Child's  Companion  and 
Juvenile  Instructor'  (Religious  Tract  Society, 
1851,  16mo).  The  signature  in  the  left  corner 
is  incorrectly  quoted  by  M.A.OxoN.,  and 
should  read  "  Baxter's  Patent  Oil  Printing." 

George  Baxter,  "the  inventor  and  patentee" 
of  this  process,  was  the  eldest  son  of  John 
Baxter,  of  Lewes,  in  Sussex,  who  is  known 
as  the  printer  and  publisher  of  l  Baxter's 
Bible,'  'The  History  of  Sussex,'  'Baxter's 
Library  of  Agriculture,'  &c.  (see  '  Diet.  Nat. 
Biog.,'  vol.  iii.  p.  427),  and  was  born  at  Lewes 
in  1804.  He  served  his  apprenticeship  to  a 
wood  engraver,  and  began  life  as  such.  He 
conceived  the  idea  of  reproducing  the 
painter's  art  mechanically  by  printing  in  oil 
colours  from  blocks  of  various  materials 
(wood,  zinc,  copper,  steel,  &c.),  placing  one 
shade  upon  the  other  as  a  painter  would 
with  his  brush,  even  going  so  far  as  to  print 
in  the  whites — a  true  chiaroscuro  process.  In 
this  way  he  often  printed  in  as  many  colours 
as  twenty  or  more,  each  involving  a  separate 
printing,  and  all  being  executed  upon  the 
old  form  of  hand  press.  He  originally 
intended  to  print  a  mere  skeleton  dotted 
outline  as  a  key,  and  place  the  colours  on 
the  top  of  this.  Many  prints  (and  to  my 
mind  some  of  his  best)  have  been  executed  in 
this  manner  ;  very  good  examples  are  to  be 
found  in  the  '  Pictorial  Album ;  or,  the 
Cabinet  of  Paintings  for  the  Year  1837  '  (4to, 
Chapman  &  Hall),  in  which  an  account  of 
the  process  is  .given.  He  soon,  however, 
introduced  an  improvement  (?)  in  the  process 
by  working  on  the  top  of  a  finished  line 
engraving  on  copper  or  steel,  and  allowing 
this  to  show  through  his  colouring.  He  took 
out  a  patent  for  the  process  in  1835,  and  in 
1849  obtained  an  extension  of  the  same  for  a 
further  period  of  five  years.  He  retired  from 
business  in  1860,  and  died  at  Sydenham  in 
1867.  Subjects  of  every  variety  and  size 
were  produced  by  him,  and  for  many 
purposes.  In  size  they  ranged  from  l^in. 
by  fin.  to  18 in.  by  26 in.,  the  size  of  'The 
Parting  Look,'  after  E.  M.  Corbould.  His 
largest  print,  however,  was  the  '  Dogs  of  the 
St.  Bernard  Hospice,'  after  Landseer.  His 


Kps.LJcNEi8.i90i.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


491 


productions  were  much  sought  after  as 
illustrations  to  books  and  pictures  for  house 
decoration,  the  smaller  prints  being  used  for 
needle  packets  and  workboxes.  Over  200 
examples  of  his  work  are  known,  and  a  fairly 
representative  collection  has  been  given  to 
the  British  Museum,  and  can  be  seen  at  any 
time  at  the  Print  Department. 

The  excellence  and  conscientiousness  of  his 
workmanship,  the  superiority  of  the  materials 
he  employed,  the  scrupulous  care  he  expended 
upon  the  production,  and  his  artistic  choice 
or  subject  and  colour,  have  earned  for  him 
the  admiration  of  all  who  have  seen  his 
work,  and  the  reputation  of  having  produced 
(on  hand  presses)  pictures  in  colours  as  fine 
as,  if  not  more  perfect  than,  any  that  can  be 
produced  to-day,  notwithstanding  the  aid  of 
modern  science  and  the  great  improvements 
of  recent  years  in  printing  machinery.  It  is 
interesting  to  note  that  among  his  admirers 
and  patrons  were  the  late  Queen  and  the 
Prince  Consort,  of  whom  he  printed  several 
portraits.  He  received  diplomas  at  the  Great 
International  Exhibition,  and  was  awarded 
a  gold  medal  by  the  King  of  Sweden. 
Harrison  Weir  was  one  of  his  apprentices. 

In  the  British  and  Colonial  Printer  and 
Stationer,  vol.  liv.  No.  13,  will  be  found  an 
article  upon  George  Baxter  which  goes  more 
fully  into  his  process  and  the  history  of  its 
inventor.  FRANK  W.  BAXTER. 

170,  Church  Street,  Stoke  Newington,  N. 

More  than  fifty  years  ago,  when  a  small 
boy,  I  had  two  Baxters  among  my  school- 
fellows, one  of  whom  gave  me  a  considerable 
number  of  the  pretty  polychromes,  including 
one  of  the  1851  Exhibition.  If  memory 
serves,  the  donor  was  a  son  of  George  Baxter, 
whose  place  of  business  was  in  or  near 
Oxford  Street.  I  well  remember  the  report 
that  Baxter's  secret  had  died  with  him.  This 
must  have  been,  1  think,  before  1857. 

C.  S.  WARD. 

See  the  'Dictionary  of  National  Biography,' 
the  Athenceum,  19  January,  1867,  the  Gentle- 
man's Magazine  of  the  following  month,  and 
•N.  &Q,'8thS.  x.  133;  xi.  291.' 

EVER  ARC  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

Up  to  1835  Baxter's  work  is  inscribed 
44  Printed  in  Oil  Colours,"  but  subsequent 
productions  have  the  word  "  Patented " 
added,  the  patent  being  granted  in  1836.  In 
1849  Baxter  commenced  granting  licences  to 
several  publishers,  the  fee  being  2001.  His 
catalogue  enumerates  253  works,  some  very 
elaborate,  particularly  the  '  Coronation  of 
Queen  Victoria,'  published  at  15  guineas.  In 


the  'Great  Exhibition  Official  Catalogue,' 
1851,  occurs  the  following  appreciative 
note  : — 

"Nothing  can  be  more  beautiful  and  more 
perfect  in  execution  than  the  charming  plates 
printed  in  colours  by  Mr.  Baxter's  process." 

It  is  a  matter  of  conjecture  whether 
Baxter's  secret  lay  in  the  mixing  of  his 
colours,  for  although  Vincent  Brooks  and 
Le  Blond  (both  capable  men)  had  the 
original  plates  to  work  from,  they  failed  to 
reach  Baxter's  high  state  of  excellence. 
Baxter  married  a  daughter  of  Mr.  Harrild, 
the  manufacturer  of  rollers  for  printing 
machines. 

Most  of  this  information  I  extract  from  a 
brockureby  Charles  F.  Bullock  (Birmingham, 
1901).  CHAS.  G.  SMITHERS. 

[Several  other  correspondents  thanked  for 
replies.  ] 

SELLINGER  (10th  S.  i.  428).— DR.  BIMBAULT, 
in  3rd  S.  ii.  481,  refers  to  a  passage  in 
Middleton's  'Father  Hubbard's  Tales/  about 
"dancing  Sellenger's  Round  in  moonshine 
about  Maypoles."  Will  that  reference,  as 
also  3rd  S.  iii.  8,  be  of  assistance  to  your 
correspondent  1 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

Sellinger  is  put  for  St.  Leger.  In  1730 
two  of  this  family  were  distinguished,  viz., 
Arthur,  second  Viscount  Doneraile  ;  and  his 
uncle  Sir  John  St.  Leger,  a  Baron  of  the 
Irish  Exchequer.  A.  H. 

Is  not  this  name  merely  St.  Leger  spelt 
phonetically  ]  YGREC. 

4 DIE  AND  BE  DAMNED'  (10th  S.  i.  328).— 
Thomas  Mortimer  was  a  miscellaneous  and 
voluminous  writer,  chiefly  on  economic 
subjects,  who  was  for  some  time  British  vice- 
consul  in  the  Netherlands.  His  largest  work 
was  '  The  British  Plutarch  '  (6  vols.  8vo,  1762; 
second  edition,  revised  and  enlarged,  1774 ; 
translated  into  French  by  Madame  de  Vasse, 
1785-6,  Paris,  2  vols.  8vo),  which  contains 
lives  of  eminent  inhabitants  of  Great  Britain 
from  the  time  of  Henry  VIII.  to  that  of 
George  II.  'Die  and  be  Damned'  is  a 
confutation  of  the  Calvinistic  doctrine  of 
eternal  punishment  (see  pp.  49-50). 

J.   HOLDEN  MAcMlCHAEL. 

MARLOWE  :  DATE  OF  HIS  BIRTH  (10th  S.  i. 
408). — Marlowe  was  born  on  6  February,  1564, 
New  Style,  and  christened  on  the  26th  of  the 
same  month  at  the  church  of  St.  George 
the  Martyr,  Canterbury.  A  facsimile  of  the 
entry  in  the  church  register  is  furnished  in 


492 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io»  s.  i.  JUNE  is,  iw*. 


my  new  work  on  '  Christopher  Marlowe  and 
his  Associates,'  as  well  as  much  fresh  in- 
formation concerning  the  poet.  J.  H.  I. 

At  the  end  of  a  paragraph  referring  to 
the  proposed  Marlowe  memorial  at  Canter- 
bury, the  Daily  Neivs  of  25  December,  1888, 
contained  the  following  lines  : — 

"An  investigation  into  the  local  (Canterbury) 
parish  registers  as  to  the  antecedents  of  this 
famous  contemporary  of  Shakespeare  has  revealed 
some  interesting  data.  In  the  register  of  St. 
George  the  Martyr  the  following  records  appear : 
'  1561.— The  22nd  of  May  were  married  John  Mar- 
lowe and  Catherine  Arthur.'  '  1563. — The  26th  day 
of  February  was  christened  Christopher,  the  sonne 
of  John  Marlowe.' " 

JOHN  T.  PAGE. 

West  Haddon,  Northamptonshire. 

IRISH  EJACTJLATORY  PRAYERS  (10th  S.  i.  249, 
337).— As  an  appendix  to  Mrs.  Harvey's 
'  Cositas  Espaiiolas  ;  or,  Every-Day  Life  in 
Spain '  (Hurst  &  Blackett,  1875),  are  printed 
some  letters  written  by  a  French  lady  who 
visited  Madrid  in  1679.  The  following  para- 
graph deserves  to  be  reproduced  for  the 
benefit  of  MR.  A.  WALLACE  and  others.  After 
a  collation  at  the  Marquesa  de  la  Rosa's 
'  flambeaux  were  brought  in.  preceded  by  a  little 
fellow,  white  with  age,  who,  kneeling  on  one  knee 
in  the  middle  of  the  gallery,  said  aloud,  '  Let  the 
most  Holy  Sacrament  be  praised,'  to  which  every- 
body answered,  '  For  ever.'  This  is  their  custom 
when  light  is  brought  in"  (p.  285). 

Tertullian  testifies : — 

"Ad  omnem  progressum  atque  promotum,  ad 
omnem  aditum  et  exitum,  ad  vestitum,  ad  calciatum, 
ad  lavacra,  ad  mensas,  ad  himina,  ad  cubilia,  ad 
sedilia  quaecunque  nos  conversatio  exercet,  frontem 
crucis  signaculo  terimus."— '  De  Corona  Militis,' 
c.  iii.,  quoted  in  Chevallier's  'Translation  of  the 
Epistles  of  Clement  of  Rome,'  &c.,  p.  353,  foot-note. 

ST.  SWITHIN. 

ADMIRAL  SIR  SAMUEL  GREIG  (10th  S.  i.  349> 
433). — Admiral  Alexis  Greig,  described  in 
the  French  registers  as  "  born  in  Russia,  of 
Scottish  parents,"  passed  through  Paris  in 
1808  on  his  way  back  from  Lisbon.  Was  he 
son  of  Sir  Samuel  ?  J.  G.  ALGER. 

Holland  Park  Court. 

Interesting  information  about  this  officer 
is  to  be  found  in  Hill  Burton's  'The  Scot 
Abroad,'  first  edition,  vol.  ii.  pp.  215-22.  As 
to  the  names  of  the  Scotsmen  who  were 
associated  with  Greig's  career,  or  who  soon 
afterwards  gave  their  services  to  increase 
the  naval  strength  of  Russia,  see  the  chapters 
on  'The  Scots  in  Russia 'in  James  Grant's 
Scottish  Soldiers  of  Fortune,'  especially 

B3.  34-45,  where  mention  is  made  of  Brodie, 
ouglas,    Drysdale,     Elphinstone,    Gordon, 
Mackenzie,  Robison,  and  Watson.       W.  S. 


WORM  (10th  S.  i.  407).— Surely  "  worm  "  in 
this  sense  is  one  of  those  words  which 
sufficiently  imply,  like  the  "  greenfly "  in 
plants,  the  nature  of  the  thing  which  they 
express  without  using  the  plural  number. 
But  sufferers  from  this  disease  would  natur- 
ally also  allude  to  it  in  the  singular  if  they 
were  victims  of  the  taenia,  or  tape-worm, 
as  distinct  from  the  Ascarides,  or  small 
thread-worms,  and  the  Lumbrici,  long  round 
worms.  The  tape-worm,  although  once 
believed  to  consist  of  several  worms  joined 
lengthwise,  occurs  in  the  human  viscera 
singly,  and  might,  therefore,  be  naturally 
spoken  of  as  "  the  worm."  It  appears  to 
have  been  called  the  "joint- worm."  Anne 
Wright,  in  the  London  Journal  of  some  date 
in  1722,  publicly  praises  the  skill  of  John 
Moore,  a  well-known  apothecary  in  those 
days,  dwelling  in  Abchurch  Lane, 
"  whose  worm  Medicines  brought  from  me  a  large 
Worm,  call'd  the  Joynt-Worm,  a  Yard  and  a  half 
long,  besides  several  score  of  short  Worms,  &c. 
(May  2,  1722).  N.B.— The  Worm  is  to  be  seen  at 
Mr.  Wright's  House." 

J.   HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 

The  toothache,  so  called  from  a  mistaken 
idea  that  it  was  caused  by  the  gnawing  of 
an  actual  worm.  Jamieson  gives  it  as  a 
Lothian  term.  J.  T.  F. 

Durham. 

Perhaps  the  allusions  are  to  Mark  ix.  48. 

J.  DORMER. 

In  Dean  Ramsay's  '  Reminiscences  of  Scot- 
tish Life  and  Character  '  (ninety  -  seventh 
edition,  n.d.,  p.  115)  it  is  stated  that  in  1775 
"the  worm"  was  the  Scottish  name  for  the 
toothache.  This  date  is,  however,  a  century 
later  than  that  named  in  the  query. 

U.  V.  W. 

WALNEY  ISLAND  NAMES  (10th  S.  i.  387).— It 
is  said  that  Colvac  was  "  a  common  proper 
name  "  in  the  Isle  of  Man  and  Ireland.  It  is 
certainly  not  a  Manx  name  at  all,  and  is  not 
mentioned  in  Moore's  '  Surnames  and  Place- 
names  of  the  Isle  of  Man.' 

ERNEST  B.  SAVAGE. 

S.  Thomas,  Douglas. 

"TYMBERS  OF  ERMINE"  (10th  S.  i.  449).— 
Timber  is  a  technical  term  explained  in  most 
dictionaries.  It  is  in  Bailey,  Worcester, 
Webster,  and  in  the  glossaries  by  Wright 
and  Halliwell.  Examples  of  its  use  are 
fairly  common.  It  is  derived  from  the  F. 
timbre,  which  is  from  the  Low  G.  timmer,  G. 
zimmer.  Fliigel's  '  German  Dictionary  '  has  : 
Zimmer,  a  room  ;  among  furriers,  ein  zimmer 
felle,  a  timber  of  furs  (of  martins,  ermines, 
sables,  &c.,  equal  to  40  skins,  of  other  skins 


.  i.  jrxE  is,  1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


493 


equal  to  120)";  which  is  correct.  The  original 
sense  seems  to  have  been  simply  "quantity 
of  material,"  and  it  is  the  same  word  as  the 
timber  for  building.  WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

See  'Liber  Albus'  (Rolls  Series),  Anglo- 
Norman  Glossary,  s.v.  'Tie,'  where  further 
references  are  given,  which  AYEAHR  may 
consult  with  profit.  R.  R.  S. 

In  reply  to  AYEAHR'S  inquiry  as  to  the 
meaning  of  this,  I  may  state  that  a  "tyrnber" 
of  ermine  or  any  other  fur  contained  forty 
skins  of  the  same.  See  '  Ledger  of  Andrew 
Haliburton  '  (Scottish  Record  Series),  p.  359. 

J.  B.  P. 

T.  L.  O.  Davies,  in  his  'Supplementary 
English  Glossary,'  has  the  following  quota- 
tion : — 

"Having presented    them   with   two  timber 

of  sables,  which  with  much  diligence  had  been 
recovered  out  of  the  wreck,  he  was  by  them 
remitted  to  his  lodging."— Peter  Heylin, '  Hist,  of 
Reformation,'  1674. 

EVERARD  HOME  COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

[Other  replies  acknowledged.] 

COFFIN  HOUSE  (10th  S.  i.  388).— The  Coffin 
House  at  Brixham  to  which  MR.  DAVY  refers 
is  not  the  only  building  erected  in  the  form 
of  a  coffin  in  England.  At  Fresshingfield,  in 
Suffolk,  is  a  Baptist  chapel  known  as  the 
Coffin  Chapel,  which  is  visited  by  numbers 
of  people  on  account  of  its  gruesome  form. 
It  is  said  that  the  pastor  who  left  the  money 
with  which  to  build  it  after  this  design 
obtained  his  inspiration  from  the  house  at 
Brixham.  Some  account  of  this  latter  house 
appeared  several  years  ago  in  the  Brixham 
paper,  and  may  be  found,  I  believe,  in  the 
archives  of  the  Devonshire  Archaeological 
Society.  A  former  vicar  of  Brixham  also 
compiled  a  brief  history  of  the  house  ;  but  I 
am  unable  to  recall  in  what  periodical  it 
appeared.  FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

TEMPLE  COLLEGE,  PHILADELPHIA  (10th  S.  i. 
207,  297).— I  am  informed  by  the  editor  of 
the  leading  Masonic  newspaper  in  America 
(the  Key-stone)  that  Temple  College  ranks 
very  high  in  the  opinion  of  American 
educational  authorities,  and  that  its  status 
is  unquestionable.  This  is  the  unbiassed 
opinion  of  a  leading  American  citizen  whose 
disinterestedness  cannot  be  questioned.  The 
President  is  Russell  H.  Conwell,  D.D.,  LL.D., 
from  whom  I  have  received  the  following 
letter : — 

"Your  letter  addressed  to  the  Temple  College, 
concerning  the  right  of  the  institution  to  confer 
degrees,  has  been  referred  to  me.  We  will  send 


you  with  this  same  mail  the  catalogue  of  the- 
College,  which  gives  full  information  concerning, 
that  subject. 

"The  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  is- 
conferred  only  upon  those  who  have  been  especially 
recommended  by  at  least  five  distinguished  men.' 
who  are  acquainted  with  the  candidates  for  the 
degree.  It  is  never  conferred  for  money  or  any 
other  reward,  and  consequently  no  money  would  be 
received  from  any  person  upon  whom  the  degree 
was  conferred.  The  annual  meeting  for  the  con- 
sideration of  the  degrees  for  this  year  has  already 
been  held,  consequently  no  further  applications- 
can  be  received  until  next  April. 

"Our  trustees  have  been  very  favourable  towards- 
the  idea  of  giving  honorary  degrees  to  those  living: 
in  England  whose  scholarship  entitles  them  to  the 
honor,  because  of  their  desire  to  cement  more 
closely  the  fraternal  ties  now  existing  between  the 
Mother  Country  and  America ;  but  they  strive  to 
exercise  the  most  conservative  care  in  granting 
such  degrees,  so  that  the  institution  may  not 
cheapen  its  honors." 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

WEBSTER'S  'BASQUE  LEGENDS'  (10th  S.  i. 
190).— The  origin  of  Mr.  W.  Webster's  '  Basque 
Legends '  has  never  been  explained.  Though 
I  have  conversed  with  hundreds  of  Basks  in 
most  parts  of  Baskland,  at  intervals  since 
Ascension  Day,  1886,  I  have  never  heard  one 
of  them  recite  or  mention  anything  like  any 
one  of  these  legends.  The  nearest  approach 
to  it  has  been  a  casual  allusion  to  "Baso- 
Yauna,"  the  lord  of  the  forest,  an  imaginary 
sprite,  somewhat  like  "Hearn  the  Hunter." 
Mr.  Webster  once  wrote  to  me  that  he 
"knows  very  little  Basque."  On  another 
occasion  he  showed  me  in  his  house  at  Sara, 
in  1888,  the  manuscript  Baskish  version  of 
his  '  Legends.'  It  was  in  the  handwriting  of 
M.  J.  Vinson.  It  is,  therefore,  not  wonderful 
that  this  text  has  not  been  published,  because 
M.  Vinson  does  not  like  to  be  corrected  or 
criticized,  and  the  Basks  are  wont  to  say 
that  he  neither  writes  nor  translates  their 
language  correctly.  Yet  his  published 
writings  prove  that  he  has  done  so,  now 
and  then.  May  one  conjecture  that  Mr. 
Webster  elaborated  them,  with  the  aid  of  his- 
friend  M.  Julien  Vinson,  in  order  to  satisfy 
the  craving  of  those  readers  who  prefer 
fiction,  and  ben  trovato,  to  vero  and  realities  ? 
Both  of  them  are  alive.  Let  us  hope  that 
they  will  clear  up  this  bibliographical  ques- 
tion. E.  S.  DODGSON. 

BIRTH-MARKS  (10th  S.  i.  362,  430).—  A  propos 
of  MR.  HOOPER'S  note,  it  might  not  be  out 
of  the  way  to  mention  a  curious  book  I  found 
some  time  ago  at  public  auction  : — 

The  Force  of  the  Mother's  Imagination  upon  her 
Foatus  in  Utero,  still  farther  considered  :  In  the 
way  of  a  Reply  to  Dr.  Blondel's  last  Book,  en« 


494 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  &  i.  JUNE  is,  100*. 


titled,  The  Power  of  the  Mother's  Imagination  over 
the  Fcetus  examined.  To  which  is  added,  The 
Twelfth  Chapter  of  the  first  Part  of  a  Treatise  De 
Morbis  Cutaneis,  as  it  was  printed  therein  many 
Years  past-  In  a  Letter  to  Dr.  Bloridel.  By  Daniel 
Turner,  of  the  College  of  Physicians,  London. 
London  :  Printed  for  J.  Walthoe,  R.  Wilkin,  J. 
and  J.  Bonwicke,  S.  Birt,  J.  Clarke,  T.  Ward  and 
E.  Wicksteed.  1730. 

I  have  given  the  orthography  and  punc- 
tuation of  the  title-page  as  it  lies  before  me 
at  this  writing. 

FREDERIC  ROWLAND  MARVIN. 

537,  Western  Avenue,  Albany,  N.Y. 

A  dealer  in  animals  (whose  name  I  regret 
to  say  I  have  forgotten,  though  I  was  one 
of  his  regular  customers)  had  a  shop  on  the 
right-hand  side  of  the  High  Street  of  Eton, 
&s  you  went  towards  Windsor.  About  the 
year  1857  he  showed  me  the  stuffed  head  of 
a,  red  and  white  calf.  On  the  top  of  the  head 
was  a  spherical  protuberance,  covered  with 
skin  and  hair  like  the  rest  of  the  animal. 
This  globular  mass  was  about  the  size  of  a 
football.  The  proprietor's  explanation  was 
that  a  football  had  been  kicked  on  to  the 
head  of  a  pregnant  cow,  and  that  the  excres- 
cence in  the  calf  had  been  caused  by  her  fear. 
The  explanation  may  have  been  erroneous  ; 
but  I  can  vouch  for  the  excrescence.  Perhaps 
some  other  old  Etonian  may  recall  the  dealer's 
name,  in  which  case  I  should  be  glad  to  have 
my  memory  refreshed. 

FRANK  REDE  FOWKE. 

See  L'Intermediaire,  xxxiii.-xxxv.,  under 
*  Envies  de  Femmes  Enceintes.' 

O.  O.  H. 

THE  FIRST  WIFE  OF  WARREN  HASTINGS 
(10th  S.  i.  426).-SYDNEY  C.  GRIER'S  com- 
munication places  the  information  in  'The 
Private  Life  of  Warren  Hastings,'  by  Sir 
Charles  Lawson  (London,  1895),  anent  the 
name  of  the  lady  who  in  1756  became  the 
wife  of  the  young  man  who  rose  from  a 
clerkship  to  be  the  first  Governor-General  of 
India,  in  the  category  of  erroneous  assump- 
tions. According  to  Sir  Charles  Lawson, 
Warren  Hastings  married  in  1756,  not  the 
widow  of  Capt.  John  Buchanan,  but  the 
widow  of  Capt.  Campbell,  of  the  Company's 
service,  who  bore  him  two  children  —  a 
daughter  who  lived  but  nineteen  days  and 
a  son  who  died  young.  Mrs.  Hastings  died 
at  Cossimbazar,  when  her  husband  was  Resi- 
dent at  that  station  (see  p.  35). 

HENRY  GERALD  HOPE. 
119,  Elms  Road,  Clapham,  S.  W. 

SYDNEY  GRIER  mentions  the  marriage  of 
Wan>en  Hastings  to  "  Mary,  widow  of  Capt. 
John  Luchanan,  one  of  the  victims  of  the 


Black  Hole,"  in  the  cold  weather  of  1756-7» 
and  states  that  she  died  at  Moradbagh  in  1759' 

Col.  Malleson,  in  his  '  Life  of  Warren 
Hastings,'  p.  33,  writes  : — 

"Among  the  ladies  at  Falta  [a  village  near  the 
confluence  of  the  Hugli  and  Damuda  rivers]  was 
the  widow  of  a  Capt.  Campbell,  of  the  Company's 
service,  and  she  by  her  sweet  manner  and  genial 
sympathy  attracted  the  attention  cf  Mr.  Hastings, 
who  soon  became  engaged  to  her," 

and  after  the  relief  of  Calcutta  "married 
her."  This  undoubtedly  took  place  in  the 
winter  of  1756-7. 

At  the  close  of  1757,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hastings 
proceeded  to  Kasimbazar,  on  his  appointment 
as  second  in  Council  with  Mr.  Scrafton,  the 
English  representative  at  the  Court  of  the 
Nawab,  Mir  Jafar  Ali  Khan.  There,  in 
the  silk  factory  as  Kasimbazar,  Hastings  and 
his  wife  resided.  In  his  letter  to  his  old 
patron  Mr.  Chiswick,  written  at  the  end  of 
1758,  after  referring  to  the  birth  of  his  two 
children,  he  adds  : — 

"I  have  already  informed  you  of  my  appointment 
as  second  in  Council  at  the  factory  of  Kasimbazar, 
where  my  family  have  continued  to  reside  from  my 
appointment  to  this  place." 

The  two  children  were  a  daughter  (born  on 
5  October,  1758,  and  died  on  28  idem),  and  a 
son,  George,  who  was  sent  to  England  in 
1761,  and  died  there  three  years  later.  Malle- 
son at  p.  36  writes  : — 

"  The  first  news  which  greeted  Hastings  on  his 
arrival  in  P]ngland  in  1765  was  that  of  the  death  of 
his  only  son.  His  wife  had  been  taken  even  earlier. 
The  inscription  on  her  tomb  at  Barhumpur,  seven 
miles  from  Moorshedabad,  records  her  death  as 
having  occurred  on  11  July,  1759." 

Capt.  Trotter,  in  his  memoir  of  Warren 
Hastings  ("Rulers  of  India"  Series),  writes 
at  p.  19  :— 

"At  Falta,  in  the  cool  season,  [he]  married  the 
widow  of  Capt.  Campbell,  who  had  come  over  with 
Kilpatrick  from  Madras,  only  to  die  of  the  prevalent 
disease.  The  two  seem  to  have  lived  happily 
together  till  the  lady's  death  in  1759.  Her  first 
child  had  died  in  infancy,  and  the  second  survived 
her  but  a  few  years." 

Malleson  and  Trotter  concur  that  the  first 
husband  of  Mrs.  Hastings  was  Capt.  Camp- 
bell, and  not  Capt.  Buchanan,  as  mentioned 
by  SYDNEY  GRIER. 

As  to  her  death  and  burial,  SYDNEY  GRIER 
states  that  "Moradbagh"  was  the  place  where 
she  died.  I  venture  to  think  this  may  be 
a  mistake  for  Moorshedabad,  a  populous 
Mohammedan  city  one  mile  only  from  Kasim- 
bazar, and  seven  miles  from  the  civil  and 
military  station  of  Barhampur,  where  Malle- 
son says  her  tomb  records  her  death  as  having 
occurred  on  11  July,  1759. 

This,  too,  is  a  mistake.    When  I  was  at 


s.  i.  JUNE  is,  1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


495 


Barhampur  in  1855  and  1856,  I  visited 
Kasimbazar,  and  saw  in  the  grounds  adjacent 
to  the  factory  the  tomb  of  Mrs.  Hastings. 
The  memorial  stone  was  upright,  and  the 
inscription  clear  and  legible.  I  regret  that 
I  did  not  copy  it;  but  I  do  remember  that 
neither  her  maiden  name  nor  the  name  of 
her  first  husband  was  inscribed  :  merely  her 
Christian  name,  "wife  of  Warren  Hastings, 
Esq."  JAMES  WATSON. 

Folkestone. 

I  remember  seeing  in  1881,  in  an  old 
Christian  graveyard  at  or  near  Kasimbazar, 
-close  to  the  city  of  Murshidabad,  a  brick 
tomb,  which  was  said  to  cover  the  grave 
of  this  lady.  There  was  no  sign  of  any 
inscription,  and  nothing  to  identify  the  tomb, 
and  except  local  tradition  (conveyed  to  me  by 
-an  old  sepoy  officer  who  acted  as  my  guide, 
who  said  that  he  was  over  ninety  years  of  age, 
-and  that  his  father  had  fought  at  Plassey 
and  had  known  "  Hasteen  Sahib")  I  was 
unable  to  discover  any  evidence  in  corrobora- 
tion  of  the  statement.  F.  DE  H.  L. 

AUDYN  OR  AUDIN  FAMILY  (10th  S.  i.  148).— 

I  can  find  no  reference  in  the  Dorset  county 
historian  Hutchins  to  any  arms  such  as  those 
mentioned  by  MR.  AUDEN  belonging  to  any 
family  of  Audyn  or  Audin,  described  by 
Ouillim  as  of  Dorchester,  in  that  county. 
Indeed,  there  is  but  one  instance  of  the  name 
occurring  at  all  in  the  last  edition  of  the 
4  History  of  Dorset,'  and  that  is  to  be  found 
in  vol.  ii.  p.  226,  where  the  Rev.  John  Audain 
is  recorded  as  having  been  instituted  rector 
of  Pillesd-ou  in  1783,  a  small  parish  in  the 
present  western  division  of  the  county. 
Hutchins  devotes  a  special  note  to  this 
divine,  and  states  that,  according  to  Roberts 
('  History  of  Lyrne  Regis '),  he  was  quite  a 
hero  of  romance  : — 

"  For  his  versatility  as  an  auctioneer,  paid 
r»reacher  to  Episcopalians,  Methodists,  andCatholics, 
&c.,  in  the  same  day,  privateer,  &c.,  see  Coleridge's 
'Six  Months  in  the  West  Indies,'  and  "also  the 
*  West  India  Sketch-Book.'  In  the  latter  work  is 
.an  account  of  his  leaving  the  pulpit  to  go  to  sea  in 
his  privateer  in  chase  of  an  enemy's  vessel,  which 
he  carried  by  boarding  before  a  frigate  that  was  in 
chase  canie  up,"  &c. 

It  is  stated  that  at  the  time  of  his  death  he 
was  residing  in  the  West  Indies. 

The  late  Randolph  Caldecott,  in  his 
inimitable  sketches,  has  made  us  familiar 
with  the  spectacle  of  the  country  parson  of 
that  period  rushing  off  from  his  church  to 
join  in  a  fox  -  hunt  that  happened  to  be 
within  distance,  and  the  name  of  "  Jack 
Russell "  is  still  a  household  word  in  the 
West  Country;  but  I  do  not  think  that  it 


has  been  recognized  that  the  parson  of  that 
district  could  also  have  been  a  buccaneer, 
think,  therefore,  that  MR.  AUDEN  should  look 
for  the  Dorset  rector's  ancestors  amongst  the 
sea-dogs  of  the  Elizabethan  period. 

Since  I  wrote  the  above,  the  reference  in 
Hutchins's  'Dorset'  to  the  West  Indies  has 
induced  me  to  make  some  local  inquiries,  and 
I  find  that  in  the  notes  to  the  pedigree  of  the 
Woodley  family,  of  Nevis  and  St.  Kitts,  con- 
tained in  vol.  iii.  of  Vere  Oliver's  'History  of 
the  Island  of  Antigua'  (1899),  at  pp.  61-2, 
occurs  the  name  of  John  Audain,  of  St.  Kitts, 
surgeon,  who,  in  October,  1762,  purchased 
from  the  Woodley  family  an  estate  in  that 
colony  for  7,100Z.,  which  included  fifty-six 
negro  and  other  slaves,  «fcc.,  on  the  planta- 
tion. One  of  the  witnesses  to  the  indenture 
was  Abraham  Audain. 

It  is  possible  that  the  St.  Kitts  surgeon  of 
1762  may  have  blossomed  into  the  versatile 
rector  of  Pillesdon  of  1783  (who  does  not 
appear  to  have  been  a  university  man),  or 
may,  perhaps,  have  been  his  father,  the 
family  evidently  being  one  of  substance  in 
the  West  Indies,  which  would  account  for 
that  interesting  member  of  the  Church 
militant  returning  to  his  old  home,  and  to 
a  better  field,  perhaps,  for  indulging  his  pri- 
vateering proclivities.  It  would  also  account 
for  the  paucity  of  reference  to  the  name  in 
Hutchins  as  a  Dorset  one,  but  makes  b-uillim  s 
statement  seem  more  extraordinary. 

I  have  also  been  informed  that  coloured^ 
descendants  of  the  same  name  exist,  or  did 
exist  until  a  little  while  ago,  in  Dominica, 
which  island,  from  being  much  more  French 
in  character  and  race  than  the  other  presi- 
dencies of  the  Leeward  Islands  group,  might 
more  fittingly,  perhaps,  bespeak  the  original 
home  of  this  family  in  the  West  Indies. 

I  know  of  no  work  relating  to  bt.  JUCW 
families  similar  to  that  of  Dr.  Oliver  which 
MR.  AUDEN  might  consult ;  but  may  I  express 
a  hope  that  that  author  may  some  day  do  tor 
the  families  of  St.  Kitts  what  he  has  done  for 
those  of  Antigua?  1  feel  certain  that  he  must 
have  abundance  of  material  for  that  purpose, 
some  of  which  he  recently  kindly  placed 
at  my  disposal  in  the  pages  of  the  Somerset 
and  Dorset  Notesand  Queries  in  the  endeavour 
to  unravel  a  question  I  had  there  raised  as  to 
the  convicts  of  the  Monmouth  Rebellion 
transported  to  the  West  Indies^ 

J.  S.  UDAL,  F.S.A. 

Antigua,  W.I. 

PAMELA  (9th  S.  xii.  141,  330 ;  10*  S.  i.  52, 
135,  433).— Is  not  Pamela  intended  tor  an 
Italian  name  1  As  all  cultured  English  people 


496 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        EIO*  s.  i.  JUXK  is,  190*. 


at  the  end  of  the  eighteenth  and  the  beginning 
of  the  nineteenth  century  travelled  a  great 
deal  in  Italy,  and  were  able  to  pronounce 
Italian  names  correctly,  there  should  be  no 
doubt  as  to  how  the  name  was  pronounced . 
The  lady's  fame  seems  to  have  survived  well 
into  the  fifties,  or  the  beginning  of  the  sixties, 
because  ladies  in  the  East  of  Europe  then 
wore  Pamela  hats  of  straw.  They  had  broad, 
curved  brims,  if  I  remember  correctly,  and 
were  trimmed  with  some  plain  coloured 
ribbon  and  an  artificial  flower  or  two. 

L.  L.  K. 

COLD  HARBOUR  :  WINDY  ARBOUR  (10th  S.  i- 
341,  413). — If  the  learned  Professor  cares  to 
give  further  attention  to-this  subject  he  may 
find  reasons  to  connect  the  site  of  Stow's 
"  Cold  Harbrough  "  with  the  Roman  occupa- 
tion ;  and  first,  there  is  a  Coldharbour  in  the 
Tower  precincts,  where  the  Roman  route  is 
known  to  have  first  crossed  the  Thames, 
subsequently  vid  Watling  Street  to  Dowgate  ; 
from  there  a  route  eastward  would  include 
Stow's  site.  We  have  a  Stoney  Lane,  Tooley 
Street,  for  the  Tower,  and  a  Stoney  Street  at 
the  Clink  for  Watling  Street,  turning  west- 
ward :  both  indicate  the  Roman  paved  ways. 

A.  H. 

Mr.  S.  O.  Addy  in  his  'Evolution  of  the 
English  House,'  1898,  says  there  were  cottages 
in  Yorkshire  in  which  fire  was  not  used  daily, 
or  perhaps  not  used  at  all : — 

1532.  "  I  wilto  every  hows  within  the  parisheing 
of  Acclome  \vhar  os  fyer  is  daily  used,  xiijd." — 
'  Test.  Ebor.'  (Surtees  Soc.),  v.  291. 

1542.  "  The  fyer-house  that  Foxe  wyffe  off  Ulver- 
8ton  dwellithe  in."— '  Richmond  Wills'  (Surtees 
Soc.),  32. 

The  occupants  of  such  cottages,  Mr.  Addy 
observes,  must  often  have  sought  warmth  at 
some  place  of  common  resort,  like  the  village 
smithy  or  like  the  lesche  or  public  inn  of 
the  ancient  Greeks.  The  place-name  Cold 
Harbour,  which  occurs  so  often  in  England, 
and  is  found  in  Germany  as  Kalteherberge, 
seems  to  refer  to  an  inn  of  this  kind  (pp.  60 
and  128).  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

^  I  send  a  few  notes  that  I  have  made  from 
time  to  time  as  to  this  place-name.  I  trust 
no  one  will  regard  them  as  in  any  way 
exhaustive.  '  N.  &  Q.'  has  at  various  periods 
chronicled  many  others. 

American  Historical  Mar/.  (1858).  ii.  95. 

Ashover,  Derbyshire.—  tioston  Herald,  4  Sept., 
1832,  p.  2. 

Berkshire.— Cooper  King's  '  History,'  50. 

Bignor  Hill.—"  Gentleman's  Magazine  Library  "  : 

Komano-British  Remains,'  part  ii.  330. 

Croxton,  Lincolnshire.— "A  labourer's  thatched 
double  cottage  on  Mr.  Lawson's  farm  at  Cold 


Harbour,  Croxton,  was  entirely  destroyed  by  fire 
during  the  high  wind  last  Friday  afternoon." — 
Stamford  Mercury,  16  Sept.,  1859. 

'  Croydon  in  the  Past,'  p.  xiii. 

Cuckfield,  Sussex.  —  "Gentleman's  Magazine 
Library":  'Romano-British  Remains,' part  ii.  333. 

Essex.— Trans,  of  Ewex  Archaeological  Society, 
N.S.  v.  part  iii.  155. 

Folk-lore  Journal,  i.  90. 

Gosport.  —  Gentleman's  Mag.,  vol.  Ixi.  part  ii. 
1166. 

London. — Surtees's  '  Hist.  Co.  Pal.  of  Durham,' 
i.  xxi;  Archcroloyia,  Ivii.  260;  Proc.  Soc.  Ant.,  i. 
294,  ii.  120;  Webster,  'Westward  Ho,'  Act  IV. 
sc.  ii. 

Louth,  Lincolnshire. — Goulding,  'Notes  on  Louth 
Houses,' 3;  '  Corporation  Records,'  184. 

Northfleet. — "  Gentleman's  Magazine  Library  "  : 
'  Romano-British  Remains,'  part  ii.  529. 

Northorpe,  Lincolnshire. — A  place  on  the  north 
side  of  the  road  between  Kirton-in-Lindsey  and. 
Gainsburgh,  whether  in  the  parish  of  Northorpe  or 
Blyton  I  am  not  certain. 

Okeley,  Sussex.  —  "  Gentleman's  Magazine 
Library":  'Romano-British  Remains,'  part  ii.  333. 

Saint  Briavels.  —  "  Gentleman's  Magazine 
Library  "  :  '  Archaeology,'  part  ii.  210. 

Swindon. — Proceedings  of  Soc.  of  Antiquaries, 
i.  298. 

Thompson. — '  Hist,  of  Boston,'  second  ed.,  609» 
732. 

EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

Wickentree  House,  Kirton-in-Lindsey. 

"THE  ETERNAL  FEMININE"    (10th    S.    i.   108, 

234,  335). — I  have  consulted  the  earliest  Eng- 
lish translation  of  the  second  part  of  '  Faust ' 
that  I  could  find  (published  in  1838),  and  in 
it  the  last  two  lines  read  : — 

The  Ever- Feminine 
Wills  that  we  rise. 

A  translation,  by  Anna  Swanwick,  in  "Bohn's 
Libraries"  (1886  edition),  concludes  : — 

The  ever-womanly 

Draws  us  from  above. 

EDWARD  LATHAM. 

LATIN  QUOTATIONS  (9th  S.  xi.  466 ;  xii.  315). 
— For  H.  W.  's  last  quotation,  "Ubique  ingenia 
hominum  situs  formant."  see  Curtius,  bk.  viii. 
ch.  ix.  §  20  :  "Ingenia  hominum,  sicut  ubique, 
apud  illos  locorum  quoque  situs  format." 
EDWARD  BENSLY. 

The  University,  Adelaide,  South  Australia. 

HOCKDAY  :  POTTAGE  CALLED  HOK  (10th  S.  i. 
187). — I  wish  Miss  LEGA-WEEKES  all  success 
in  her  investigation  of  hockday.  As  the 
'New  English  Dictionary'  (which  she  has. 
doubtless  consulted)  points  out :  "  Few  words 
have  received  so  much  etymological  and 
historical  investigation."  Is  it  possible  that 
the  second  Tuesday  after  Easter  Sunday, 
being  the  day  on  which  the  Exchequer  opened 
(in  England  at  any  rate),  was  called  hoc  day 
in  office  slang  from  some  formula,  that 


s.  i.  JUNE  is,  low.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


497 


then  read  or  entered  on  the  rolls,  commencing 
with  the  words  hoc  die,  "on  this  day?..." 
This  wild  suggestion  seems  as  good  as  many 
that  have  been  published.  O.  O.  H. 

MAY  MONUMENT  (10th  S.  i.  449).— I  believe 
the  effigy  of  Dame  Mary  May  was  buried 
under  the  floor  of  the  chancel  when  the 
church  was  "restored."  My  first  visit  to 
Midlavant  Church  was  in  1885,  and  my 
informant  was  either  the  parish  clerk  or  one 
of  his  family.  E.  H.  W.  D. 

"HANGED,  DRAWN,  AND  QUARTERED"  (10th 
S.  i.  209,  275,  356,  371,  410).— I  never  had  a 
moment's  doubt  that  the  ultra- judicial  pro- 
ceedings described  in  the  pages  of  'N.  &  Q.' 
should  be,  in  the  actual  order  of  the  facts, 
"drawn,  hanged,  and  quartered."  That 
before  he  was  hanged  a  convict  was  ever 
"drawn"  in  the  manner  practised  by  cooks 
upon  poultry  never  entered  my  mind.  That 
the  "drawing"  consisted  in  going  to  the 
gallows  in  the  manner  described  by  MR.  A. 
MARKS  is  manifested  in  several  engravings 
of  various  dates,  but  all  contemporaneous 
with  the  events  they  profess  to  represent, 
which  are  comprised  in  the  collections  of 
Historical  and  Satirical  Prints  in  the  British 
Museum.  These  are  distinct  gatherings,  of 
prodigious  value  in  their  way,  yet  very 
seldom  studied  by  anybody,  least  of  all 
by  historians.  In  the  latter  of  the  two 
collections  is  ample  confirmation  of  what  has 
been  said  above.  For  example,  No.  1004, 
representing  a  wheel,  or  '  T"  Radt  van  Avont- 
veren,'  or  '  The  Wheel  of  Fortune,'  which  was 
published  at  Amsterdam  c.  30  January,  1661, 
comprises,  among  other  designs  filling  the 
angles  of  the  plate,  '  Kromwels  Graf,'  or 
rather  the  hanging  of  the  bodies  of  the  Pro- 
tector Oliver,  Bradshaw,  and  Ireton  upon  a 
gibbet.  The  corpse  of  the  first  hangs  with 
that  of  one  of  the  others,  while  that  of  the 
third  is  dragged  by  the  heels  from  the  sledge 
on  which  it  was  drawn  to  the  place.  None 
of  the  figures  has  been  disembowelled. 
No.  1065  in  the  same  collection  of  prints  is 
called  'The  Plotter  Executed,'  and,  with 
other  events,  represents  how  Edward  Cole- 
man  was  dealt  with  for  treason,  3  December, 
1678.  It  gives,  on  p.  29  of  a  ballad  which 
was  ordered  to  be  sung  to  the  then  popular 
tune  of  '  Packington's  Pound,'  a  woodcut 
showing  an  executioner  standing  near  a 
bench  (on  which  is  a  great  knife)  and  a 
hurdle,  where  lies  a  human  figure.  A  fire 
burns  near  the  latter.  This  illustration  is  in 
the  'Roxburghe  Ballads, 'iii.  (British  Museum 
Library,  press-mark  C.  20.  f.).  In  No.  1088, 
same  collection,  we  have  a  broadside  entitled 


'The  Popish  Damnable  Plot,'  <fcc.,  and  con- 
sisting of  an  engraving  in  twelve  divisions. 
No.  iv.  of  which  delineates  the  deaths  of 
Coleman,  Ireland,  Grove,  Pickering,  and 
others.  This  division  is  in  two  parts.  In 
one  of  these  a  man  is  drawn  by  a  horse  to 
the  place  of  execution.  The  convict  wears  a 
hat,  wig,  and  beard,  and  is  reading.  Behind, 
a  man  is  hanging  from  a  gallows  ;  the  execu- 
tioner stands  on  a  ladder  placed  against  the 
gibbet.  In  the  other  compartment  the  corpse 
of  a  man  lies  naked  upon  a  table ;  an  execu- 
tioner is  leaning  over  it,  holding  in  his  right 
hand  a  heart,  and  in  his  left  hand  a  large 
knife.  Near  the  head  of  the  corpse  a  large 
fire  is  burning.  The  reference  is  to  the  so- 
called  Meal-Tub  Plot,  and  the  broadside  is  in 
the  Luttrell  Collection  (B.M.  Library,  C.  20.  f.), 
vol.  iii.  p.  142.  No.  1123,  same  series,  de- 
scribes 'A  History  of  the  New  Plot,'  and 
derives  from  a  broadside  "Printed  for  Ran- 
dolph Taylor,  1683."  In  this  the  fourth  of 
eight  compartments  shows  how  Walcot, 
Hone,  and  Rouse  were  executed  at  Tyburn. 
Here  we  are  shown  a  gibbet  with  three 
corpses  pendent  from  it.  A  man  is  drawn  to 
the  gallows,  and  we  have  the  disembowelling 
of  a  convict,  who  lies  naked  on  a  table  ;  the 
executioner  stoops  over  him,  and,  raising  a 
heart  in  his  hand,  exclaims,  "  The  Heart  of  a 
Traitor."  Q. 

In  the  translation  of  Baldseus's  description 
of  Ceylon,  printed  in  vol.  iii.  of  Churchill's 
'  Collection  of  Voyages  and  Travels '  (1703), 
we  read  that,  after  the  discovery  of  a  plot 
against  the  Dutch  in  Jaffna  in  1658, 

"the  three  chief   Heads  of   this    Conspiracy 

were  laid  upon  the  Wheel  or  a  Cross,  and  after 
they  had  receiv'd  a  Stroke  with  the  Ax  in  the 
Neck  and  on  the  Breast,  had  their  Entrails  taken 
out,  and  the  Heart  laid  upon  the  Mouth." 

The  translator  has  here,  as  throughout  the 
work,  taken  liberties  with  the  original,  which 
says  that  after  the  strokes  on  the  throat  and 
breast  the  victims  had  "  the  heart  pulled  out 
and  thrown  in  the  treacherous  face."  Pro- 
bably the  translator,  when  making  the  above 
addition,  had  in  his  mind  the  horrible  English 
custom  of  "drawing"  (in  the  later  sense), 
and  may  also  have  thought  the  insertion 
justified  by  the  very  realistic  engraving  that 
accompanies  the  text,  in  which  the  execu- 
tioner is  shown  in  the  act  of  (apparently) 
disembowelling  one  of  the  culprits. 

DONALD  FERGUSON. 
Croydon, 

THE  LAST  OF  THE  WAR  Bow  (10th  S.  i.  225, 
278,  437).— I  can  give  a  still  later  instance  of 
the  use  of  bows  and  arrows  in  war.  During 


498 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  i.  JUNE  is,  190*. 


the  suppression  of  the  rebellion  in  the 
Tynteah  and  Cossy-Ah  Hills  in  1862  and  1863, 
we  had  as  part  of  our  force  a  body  of  hillmen 
armed  with  bows  and  arrows.  The  enemy 
(of  course  friends  and  relations  of  our  archers) 
had  their  arrows  tipped  with  poison,  while 
ours  were  supposed  to  be  poison  free.  This 
was  thought  at  the  time  by  some  of  us  to  give 
the  enemy  an  undue  advantage  and  likely  to 
breed  want  of  confidence  in  the  bosoms  of  our 
archers.  C.  J.  DUBAND. 

Guernsey.         __ 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

The  Letters  of  Horace   Walpole.    Edited  by  Mrs. 

Paget  Toyubee.     16  vols.—  Vols.  V.,   VI.   VII., 

VIII.  (Oxford,  Clarendon  Press.) 
WITH  praiseworthy  diligence  and  punctuality  Mrs. 
Toynbee  has  placed  in  the  hands  of  her  readers 
the  second  instalment  of  her  new,  enlarged,  and 
in  every  way  admirable  edition  of  the  letters  of 
Horace  Walpole,  half  the  complete  work  having 
accordingly  been  delivered  to  the  public.  The  period 
covered  by  the  four  volumes  now  issued  is  1760-74. 
Sir  Horace  Mann  is  still  the  principal  correspondent, 
but  George  Montagu  runs  a  good  second,  and  the 
names  of  Lady  Mary  Coke  and  the  Hon.  Henry 
Seymour  Conway  are  of  frequent  occurrence.  Com- 
pared with  the  edition  of  Peter  Cunningham  we 
find  some  changes,  though  few  of  moment.  In  the 
opening  letter  of  vol.  v.,  addressed  from  Arlington 
Street,  Thursday,  1760  (sic),  describing  the  com- 
position of  "  the  Bedchamber,"  the  appointment  of 
Lord  Eglinton  is  said  to  be  "at  the  earnest  request 
of  the  Duke  of  York  "  instead  of  "  at  the  request." 
A  little  lower  down,  in  a  comment  on  the  behaviour 
of  the  Duke  of  Richmond  with  regard  to  Col. 
Keppel,  "this  was  handsome"  replaces  "this  is 
handsome,"  and  the  word  triste  is  spelt  "trist." 
Cunningham's  notes,  and  those  of  Wright,  dis- 
appear, being  still,  presumably,  copyright,  though 
the  substance  of  them  is  sometimes  preserved  in  an 
altered  form.  As  a  rule  the  notes  to  the  later 
edition  are  shorter  and  more  numerous  than  in  the 
earlier.  The  illustrations  are  entirely  different, 
the  portraits  in  vol.  v.  consisting  of  Horace  Wal- 
pole, from  a  painting  by  Eckhardt  in  the  National 
Portrait  Gallery  ;  Lady  Mary  Coke,  from  a 
mezzotint  ;  Nelly  O'Brien,  by  Reynolds,  from 
Hertford  House  ;  and  the  first  Marquis  of 
Hertford,  by  Reynolds,  from  the  same  source.  In 
vol.  vi.  are  portraits,  from  prints,  of  Horace  Wal- 
pole, after  Falconet,  and  the  third  Duke  of  Rich- 
mond, and,  from  paintings  by  Sir  Joshua,  of  Sir 
William  Hamilton  and  the  third  Earl  of  Orford. 
Portraits  in  vol.  vii.  of  Mrs.  Darner,  the  Duke  of 
Gloucester,  and  the  third  Earl  of  Albemarle  are  all 
after  Reynolds,  while  one  of  Horace  Walpole  is 
after  Nathaniel  Hone.  Reynolds  supplies  one  more 
portrait  of  Walpole  and  one  of  Maria,  Duchess  of 
Gloucester,  to  vol.  viii.,  in  which  are  also  the  fifth 
Earl  of  Carlisle,  after  Romney,  and  Henry  Seymour 
Conway,  after  Gainsborough.  So  far  as  the  work 
has  progressed,  there  are  about  one  hundred 
letters  more  than  in  the  edition  of  Peter  Cun- 
ningham. 


A  Heifer  of  the  Dawn.  Translated  from  the- 
Original  Manuscript  by  F.  W.  Bain.  (Parker 
&Co.) 

IN  reviewing  '  The  Descent  of  the  Sun '  and  '  A 
Digit  of  the  Moon,' previous  translations  from  the 
Sanskrit   (see   9th    S.    xii.   279),    we    expressed   a 
hope    that    Mr.   Bain    might    be    able    to    supply 
us    with    a    constant    succession    of    stories    or 
myths  no  less  delightful  than  those  to  which   he 
then  introduced  us.    The  present  volume,  which 
is  no  less  winsome  and  delightful  than    its  pre- 
decessor   and    comes    apparently    from    the    same 
source,  is  the  first  step  to  the  fulfilment  of  our 
wish.    It  is  an  Indian  love  story,  delicate,  fragrant, 
and  inspired,   and  differing    only   from   the    best 
Oriental  models  in  the  fact  that  the  purely  sensual 
aspects  of  love  which  ordinarily  prevail  in  such 
works  are  absent,  and  that  the  whole  is  fiowerlike 
in  grace  and  purity.   We  suppose  it  to  be,  like  each 
of  the  previous  works,  a  sun  myth,  but  have  learnt 
to  be  no  more  fearsome  of  that  formidable  term- 
than  we  are  of  the  allegory  with  which  it  was  once 
sought  to  fright  us  from  the  '  Faerie  Queen.'    The 
Oriental  use  of  the  word  heifer  to  signify  wife  or 
queen  is  illustrated  in  the  words  of  Samson  to  the 
men  of  the  city  who  had  answered  his  riddle— 
If  ye  had  not  plowed  with  niy  heifer 
Ye  had  not  found  out  my  riddle. 
"Si  non  arassetis  in  vitula  mea,  non  invenissetis- 
propositionem   meam."    The  title  equals  the  col- 
lected sweetness  of  the  heifer,  that  is,  the  ambrosia 
of  the  early  morning  in  a  feminine  shape.     In  the 
course  of  an  interesting  philological  note,  one  of 
many  scattered  through  the  book,  the  feminine  form 
of  the  ambrosia  of   the  dawn  is  said  to  be  the 
name  of  one  of  the  digits  of  the  moon,  and  the 
analogy  is  drawn  that  Isis,  the  horned  moon=Io, 
the  heifer.    Like  the  'Arabian  Nights'  Entertain- 
ment,' the  story  opens  with  the  jealousy  begotten 
in  an  Indian   potentate  by  the  discovery  of  his- 
wife's  infidelity,  and  closes  with  the  manner  in 
which  this  is  conquered  by  a  king's  daughter,  who, 
[ike  Miss  Hardcastle,  stoops  to  conquer,  and  wins 
lim  disguised  as  her  own    handmaiden  or  Che"tf. 
Altogether  delicious  is  the  account  of  his  subjuga- 
tion.   All  men  of  taste  and  culture  should  read  this 
and  the  previous  volumes,  and  they  will  then  join 
us  in  the  cry  for  more,  still  more.    The  entire  MS., 
which  Mr.   Bain  claims  under   romantic  circum- 
stances to  have  discovered,  should  be  given  to  the 
world.  Whether  it  is  genuine  or  spurious  is  nothing 
;o  us.    It  is  at  least  delightsome. 


MR.  ALFRED  C.  JONAS  writes  concerning  the 
threatened  destruction  of  Whitgift's  Hospital  of 
the  Holy  Trinity,  Croydon  :— "  A  year  or  two  ago  I 
was  allowed  to  contribute  to  the  pages  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 
a  few  facts  with  regard  to  this  ancient  and  historic 
auilding.  As  I  then  indicated,  there  was  an  idea 
among  so-called  'improvers'  of  effacing  this,  the 
only  really  perfect  piece  of  antiquity  remaining 
n  Croydon.  As  its  V  isitors'  Book  shows,  people 
from  all  parts,  at  least,  of  English-speaking 
nations  visit  and  admire  the  Hospital.  To-day 
what  was  feared  has  taken  unmistakable  form,  and 
the  Croydon  C.C.  are  about  to  seek  powers  for  so- 
called  '  improvements,'  to  which  is '  tagged '  power  to 
destroy  one  of  the  brightest  links  which  connect 
the  past  with  the  twentieth  century.  This  worse 
than  vandalism  has,  however,  now  aroused  the 
interest  and  indignation  of  many  learned  societies, 


io'"  s.  i.  JUNE  is,  1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


499 


which  naturally  include  among  their  members 
many  contributors  to  and  readers  of  '  N.  &  Q.' 
The  population  of  Croydon,  if  not  of  the  whole 
county,  are  alive  to  the  great  danger  which 
threatens  to  sweep  away  a  building  hallowed  by 
associations,  a  building  eminently  a  place  of  repose 
for  the  aged  and  infirm.  A  building  of  the  kind  is 
a  distinct  representative  of  centuries.  The  unfold- 
ing of  art  and  style  in  such  buildings  should  be  the 
study  of  the  country,  and  therefore  they  claim 
the  nation's  care  and  reverence.  But  what  is 
remarkable  in  the  agitation  for  removing  this 
bequest  of  Whitgift  is  the  conduct  of  those  who 
have  the  care  thereof  entrusted  to  them.  One  can 
well  understand  the  necessity  which  has  occa- 
sioned the  removal  of  some  of  London's  historic 
buildings,  where  space  was  limited  and  the  value 
of  ground  immense.  But  the  governors  of  the 
hospital  in  question  had  in  their  keeping  (as 
trustees  of  the  poor,  to  whom  this  inestimable  gift 
was  left)  land  on  the  north  and  east  of  the  present 
building  providing  ample  space  for  its  removal  out 
of  any  line  upon  which  cause  to  destroy  it  could 
possibly  be  founded;  and,  instead  of  'nursing' 
such  a  powerful  weapon  to  meet  attack,  wilfully, 
and  with  their  eyes  open  to  all  the  probabilities, 
leased  the  ground,  and  so  closed  up  the  hospital  in 
a  manner  to  bring  it  into  greater  prominence  as  an 
assumed  obstruction.  The  Croydon  C.C.  happens 
to  number  among  its  members  some  governors  of 
Whitgift  Hospital,  and  these  in  part,  at  least, 
seem  to  sink  their  charge  in  favour  of  the  C.C.'s 
desire  for  demolition.  The  records  of  the  hospital, 
which  I  have  fairly  transcribed,  contain  from 
beginning  to  end  of  the  donor's  life  and  after 
minute  evidences  of  his  fatherly  care  and  con- 
sideration for  his  'poor  brothers  and  sisters.' 
When  one  sees  so  often  the  misappropriation  of 
such  bequests,  the  gradual  encroachments,  year 
after  year,  upon  the  rights  and  liberties  of  those 
for  whom  Whitgift  so  amply  provided,  his  clearly 
stated  instructions  and  wishes  ignored,  it  will  not 
be  surprising  if  the  charitably  disposed  of  the 
present  and  future  fight  shy  of  leaving  any  bequest 
of  the  kind." 

DR.  J.  HOLLAND  ROSE  has  in  preparation  a  col- 
lected edition  of  his  essays  and  articles  on  the 
period  1795-1820,  which  will  be  published  in  the 
autumn  by  Messrs.  Bell  under  the  title  '  Napoleonic 
Studies.'  The  volume  will  also  contain  three  new 
essays :  '  The  Idealist  Revolt  against  Napoleon,' 
'  Pitt's  Plans  for  the  Settlement  of  Europe,'  and 
'  Egypt  during  the  First  British  Occupation.' 
Several  hitherto  unpublished  documents,  including 
a  new  letter  of  Nelson's,  will  be  given  in  an 
appendix.  

BOOKSELLERS'  CATALOGUES. 

"LEAFY  JUNE"  is  as  prolific  of  catalogues  as 
previous  months,  and  readers  of  'N.  &  Q.'  can  in 
their  quiet  gardens  enjoy  to  the  full  their  search 
for  the  treasures  to  be  found  in  these  interesting 
lists. 

First  we  have  Mr.  Cameron's,  Edinburgh,  with 
its  history,  topography,  ballads,  Scottish  poetry, 
drama,  and  fine  arts.  Under  the  last  we  find 
illustrations  of  the  works  of  Sir  Walter  Scott.  The 
engraved  plates  of  these  have  been  destroyed.  The 

Erice  of  the  13  vols.,  folio,  cloth,  is  only  37.  3-s.,  pub- 
shed  at  131.  13?. 


Mr.  Bertram  Dobell  has  a  fresh  catalogue  in  alB 
"classes  of  literature,  including  many  first  editions. 
Among  these  are  Bailey's  'Festus,'  with  an  auto- 
graph letter,  21.  10*.  ;  'Ingoldsby,'  151.  ;  Beaumont 
and  Fletcher,  211. ;  'Lavengro,'  11.  12.s\  ;  Browning's 
'  Paracelsus,'  12mo,  boards,  uncut,  11.  Is. ;  the  first 
French  edition  of  'The  Pilgrim's  Progress,'  12mo, 
old  calf,  1685, 121. 12s. ;  Byron's  '  Hours  of  Idleness,' 
257. ;  several  of  Coleridge,  Swinburne,  Shelley, 
Wordsworth,  and  George  Meredith:  and  Shake- 
speare rarities.  There  is  a  fine  copy  of  "  rare  "  Ben 
Jonson,  557.,  for  which  is  predicted  a  much  higher 
price  ere  long. 

Mr.  Francis  Edwards  has  a  midsummer  catalogue. 
Among  the  items  are  a  first  edition  of  White's 
'  Selborne,'  1789,  40?. ;  Ackermann's  '  Microcosm  of 
London,'  22/. ;  Austen's  '  Emma,'  1816,  14/. ;  works 
of  Brayley  and  Britton  ;  Boydell :  a  Chained  Bible, 
1530, 151.,  in  its  original  binding  of  pigskin,  covering 
wooden  boards  (there  is  a  chain  attached  measuring, 
fifteen  inches);  'Early  English  Prose  Romances,' 
edited  by  W.  J.  Thorns ;  '  Gazette  Nationale  ;  ou, 
le  Moniteur  Universel,'  1  Jan.,  1790,  to 30  June,  1814, 
151. ;  '  Greville  Memoirs,'  the  scarce  first  edition,. 
67.  10s. ;  the  Kelmscott  Press  publications ;  Lacroix's 
works  on  the  Middle  Ages  ;  and  Shaw's  '  Stafford- 
shire,' 1798-1801,  SOL  The  catalogue  contains  a 
note  that  this  work  was  never  completed,  and  is 
always  rising  in  price. 

Mr.  Charles  Higham  has  a  good  list  of  modern- 
divinity. 

Mr.  Frank  Hollings  has  a  collection  of  first 
editions  of  Keats,  Shelley,  Lamb,  and  Rossetti ;. 
also  an  interesting  collection  of  early  and  scarce 
editions  of  American  authors. 

Messrs.  Maggs  Brothers  have  a  large  collection  of 
autograph  letters  and  signed  documents.  We  notice, 
among  other  names,  Barham,  Dickens,  Sir  John 
Franklin,  Bewick,  Admiral  Blake,  Robert  Brown- 
ing, Hartley  Coleridge,  Napoleon,  Nelson,  &c. 

Messrs.  Owen  &  Co.  have  a  short  list  of  English- 
and  foreign  books.  Under  Alpine  is  '  An  Account 
of  the  Glaciers  or  Ice  Alps  of  Savoy,'  in  two  letters- 
by  W.  Windham  and  P.  Martel,  London,  1745,. 
privately  printed  and  extremely  rare,  price  71.  7*. 
There  is  also  a  set  of  the  Alpine  Journal,  price  301. 

Messrs.  James  Rimell  &  Sons'  Catalogue  of  Books 
on  Art  contains  many  valuable  works,  and  its 
76  pages  deserve  careful  perusal.  Among  specially 
noteworthy  entries  are  '  The  Choicest  Works  of  Sir 
Thomas  Lawrence,'  1836-45,  801. ;  '  Sir  Joshua  Rey- 
nolds's  Works,'  proof  impressions,  1827-36,  280/. ; 
RobertsV  Holy  Land,'  1841-8, 157.  (published  at  about 
100?.) :  Propert's  'History  of  Miniature  Art,'  211  • 
Morland's  '  Studies,'  1800,  67.  16s.  6cl. ;  Blake's- 
designs  to  a  series  of  ballads  written  by  William 
Hayley,  Chichester,  1802,  8/.  :  Leslie's  'Memoirs  of 


21/.  :  Inigo  Jones's  'Alhambra,'  1842,  111.  Us.  The 
catalogue  contains  a  long  and  interesting  list  under 
Caricatures  as  well  as  under  Catalogues,  a  complete 
set  of  the  Royal  Academy  Catalogues  being  marked' 
21/. 

Mr.  A.  Russell  Smith  has  a  catalogue  of  tracts, 
pamphlets,  and  broadsides,  including  history,  and 
political,  religious,  and  other  controversies.  The 
lists  are  well  arranged  according  to  periods,  the 
first  being  from  1520  to  1602.  In  this  are  some  rare- 


500 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  JUNE  is,  1904. 


•broadside  ballads,  ascribed  to  William  Samnel. 
It  is  doubtful  whether  more  than  two  other  copies 
are  known.  The  date  is  1574,  Cologne,  price  121.  12s. 
There  is  also  the  first  monograph  in  English  on 
'  The  Natures  and  Properties  of  all  Wines  that  are 
.commonly  used  here  in  England.'  This  is  by 
William  Turner,  author  of  the  'Herbal.'  The 
•date  is  1568,  price  61.  6s.  The  next  period,  1603-24, 
contains  the  king's  speech  on  the  occasion  of  the 
•Gunpowder  Plot.  '  Articles  of  Direction  touching 
Ale-Houses,'  1607,  price  21.  2s.,  is  the  earliest  pub- 
lished regulation  of  ale-houses,  previous  statutes 
being  embodied  in  Acts  of  Parliament.  The  next 
period  takes  Charles  I.,  the  Civil  War,  and  Com- 
monwealth, and  the  arrangement  is  so  continued 
till  the  close  of  the  list,  1800.  The  catalogue,  which 
-contains  nearly  two  thousand  items,  is  really  a 
valuable  work  of  reference. 

Messrs.  Smith  &  Son's  June  list  includes  a  num- 
iber  of  books  new  as  published. 

Messrs.  Henry  Sotheran  &  Co.  have  issued  a 
most  interesting  catalogue  of  unique  grangerized 
books.  There  are  only  fifteen  books,  but  the  total 
price  for  them  amounts  to  2,442Z.  Of  this  Wheat- 
ley's  '  Cries  of  London,'  brilliantly  printed  in  colours, 
monopolizes  1,000  guineas.  Another  book  is  the 
•first  edition  of  Keats,  a  presentation  copy,  with 
inscription  in  the  poet's  autograph.  The  price  of 
this  is  1511.  10s.  Other  books  are  Ackermann's 
-1  Picturesque  Tour  of  the  River,'  andOmar  Khayyam, 
with  all  the  original  drawings  by  Mr.  Anning  Bell. 
There  are  also  two  rare  MSS.  of  Keats.  The  cata- 
logue is  beautifully  printed  and  illustrated,  includ- 
ing facsimiles  of  the  Keats  MSS. 

Mr.  Walter  T.  Spencer's  catalogue  extends  to 
118  pages,  and  there  is  hardly  a  page  upon  which 
some  special  item  of  interest  cannot  be  found.  The 
list  is  strong  in  works  on  America.  This  includes 
;a  collection  of  pamphlets,  1643-5.  There  are  also  a 
number  of  works  relating  to  Australasia.  The 
:general  portion  contains  the  second  issue  of  the 
fifth  edition  of  Walton,  1676,  beautifully  bound  in 
morocco  by  Gosden,  24£. ;  first  edition  of  '  Ingoldsby,' 
Bentley,  9?.  9s.  ;  first  editions  of  Bewick  ;  and  George 
Borrow's '  Celebrated  Trials,'  1825, 11.  Is.  The  Dickens 
portion  is  specially  interesting,  and  includes  choice 
copies  of  first  editions,  many  of  them  with 
•extra  illustrations.  There  are  also  two  relics  of 
Dickens :  his  pen,  taken  from  his  desk  at  the  office 
of  All  the  Year  Round  the  day  after  his  death,  and 
his  porcelain  memorandum  slate.  Under  Drama 
are  a  number  of  old  plays  and  memoirs.  There  are 
many  items  of  interest  under  Railways,  including 
Wadsworth's  '  European  Road  Book,'  1641,  price 
:35s.,  and  'The  London  and  Greenwich  Railway 
Guide,'  1836,  in  which  it  is  stated,  "The  rate  at 
which  the  public  may  be  conveyed  on  these  extra- 
•ordinary  roads  is  from  20  to  30  miles  an  hour,  a 
velocity  almost  incredible."  Under  Thackeray  is 
a  beautiful  set  of  first  editions.  The  illustrations 
include  the  suppressed  one  of  the  Marquis  of 
Steyne.  Several  pages  are  devoted  to  choice 
editions  of  Cruikshank.  These  include  the  first 
issue  of  the  first  edition  of  The  Humourist,' 
Robins,  1819-20,  uncut,  60J.  ;  also  '  The  Youth's 
Miscellany'  and  'The  Youth's  Monthly  Visitor,' 
18:23,  extremely  scarce,  81.  15s.  Under  Black-letter 
•we  find  the  first  edition  of  Latimer's  'Sermon  on 
the  Plough,'  1548,  3£.  3s.  There  are  also  a  large 
mumber  of  coloured  plates. 


Mr.  Thomas  Thorp's  Reading  catalogue  opens 
with  books  relating  to  Africa.  These  occupy 
several  pages.  The  general  list  has  many  valuable 
items.  These  include  the  edition  tie.  luxe  of  Matthew 
Arnold's  works,  15  vols.,  11.  17*'.  Gd.  (this  is  now 
out  of  print) ;  Dibdin's  '  Bibliographical  Deca- 
meron' ;  the  works  of  Francis  Grose,  10  vols.,  full 
russia,  81.  8s.  ;  vol.  i.  part  i.  of  'The  Ideal,'  all  out, 
1903,  11.  7s.  There  are  a  number  of  the  Early 
English  Text  Society's  publications ;  works  on 
London,  theology  (we  may  single  out  Rock's 
'Church  of  our  Fathers,'  1849,  4  vols.,  51.  5s.), 
military  subjects,  and  Scotland  ;  and  also  a  set  of 
the  '  Encyclopaedia  Britannica,'  36  vols.,  with  the 
revolving  bcoljcase,  26^.  10s.,  complete.  The  cata- 
logue includes  a  list  of  folios  and  quartos  at  eigh- 
teenpence  each,  to  effect  a  speedy  clearance. 

The  June  catalogue  of  Messrs.  Henry  Young  & 
Sons,  of  Liverpool,  includes  many  rare  books. 
Among  items  of  interest  are  Nichols's  '  Elizabeth  ' 
and  '  James  I.,'  131.  13s. ;  Sandford's  'Coronation  of 
James  II.,'  1687,  51.  5s.  ;  'The  Lakes  of  Scotland,' 
1834,  51.  5s.  ;  a  complete  set  of  Punch  to  the  end  of 
1899,  original  issue,  251.  10s.  ;  Prynne's  '  Histrio- 
Mastix,'  1633,  very  rare,  51.  5s.  :  Herdman's  '  Liver- 
pool,' 1843-57,  very  scarce,  91.  9s.  ;  '  Liverpool  in 
Charles  II.'s  Time,'  by  Sir  Edward  Moore,  edited 
by  W.  Fergusson  Irvine,  1899,  21s.  (this  is  the  most 
ancient  description  of  Liverpool  known) ;  a  com- 
plete set  of  Lever's  novels,  1839-65,  211.  ;  the  first 
edition  of  Johnson's  '  Dictionary,'  31.  3s.  There  is 
a  very  fine  set  of  the  '  Greville  Memoirs,'  the  first 
issue,  half-morocco,  8/.  10s.  Under  Heraldry  are  to 
be  found  Collins,  Betham,  Burke,  and  Fox-Davies. 
Under  Early  Romance  is  the  rare  first  edition  of 
'  Le  Premier  Livre  du  Nouveau  Tristan,  Prince  de 
Leonnois,  Chevalier  de  la  Table  Ronde,'  Paris, 
1554,  121.  12s.  There  is  a  first  edition  of  '  Gulliver,' 
71.  7s.,  and  a  first  edition  of  Scott's  'Border  Anti- 
quities,' 11.  Is.  There  is  also  the  beautiful  12mo 
edition  of  Byron,  17  vols.,  1832-3,  10/.  10s. 


im  to  Cormgrnifcents, 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

HELGA. — '  Daughters  of  James  I."  next  week. 
'  Mary  Stuart's  Descendants '  and  '  Fotheringay ' 
shortly.  We  have  no  space  to  insert  more  on  the 
other  two  subjects  at  present ;  several  communica- 
tions on  them  are  kept  in  reserve. 

A.  B.  BEAVKN.  —  Proof  received  last  week  too 
late  to  make  the  addition. 

E.  P.  W.  ("English  Summer  and  its  Severity"). 
— Your  query  appeared  9th  S.  xii.  148,  but  no  reply 
was  received. 

A.  J.  DAVY  ("Gay's  Chair"). — Anticipated  ante, 
p.  475. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "  The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'" — Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
lisher"— at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  E.G. 


10*  s.  i.  JC.NE  is,  1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

BOOKSELLERS'    CATALOGUES    (JUNE). 


Mr.  W.  M.  VOYNICH  has  trans- 
ferred his  stock  of  Old  and  Rare 
Books  from  1,  Soho  Square,  W.,  to 
ground-floor  premises  at  No.  68, 
SHAFTESBURY  AVENUE,  PIC- 
CADILLY CIRCUS,  W.,  LONDON, 
which  he  hopes  will  better  suit  the 
convenience  of  visitors  and  customers. 


FRANCIS    EDWARDS, 

83,  HIGH  STREET,  MARYLEBONE, 
LONDON,  W. 

CATALOGUES   JUST   READY. 
AUSTBALASIA.    Supplement.    56  pp. 

ORIENTAL    CATALOGUE.     Part  V.     CHINA,  Ac. 

100  pp. 

ORIENTAL    CATALOGUE.       Part   VI.      JAPAN. 
FOKMOSA,  PHILIPPINES,  ic.    84pp. 

ORIENTAL    CATALOGUE.      Part    VII.      Supple 
meat.    104  pp. 

MILITARY  LITERATURE.    24pp. 
RARE  and  VALUABLE  BOOKS  (No.  271).    48  pp. 
Gratis  on,  application. 


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Scottish  Topography  and  Family  History — Poetry 
— Ballads — Drama — Fine  Arts — and  Miscellaneous 
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Catalogues  sent  free  on  application. 


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BOOKSELLER, 
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No.  92.  SECOND  -  HAND  BOOKS,  classified  under  the 
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of  the  Temple. 

No.  94.  SECOND-HAND  BOOKS,  including  Philology, 
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NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [10*  s.  i.  JUNE  is,  im. 

GEORGE     EOUTLm)GE     &     SONS. 

DICTIONARY  OF  NAMES,  NICKNAMES,  AND  SURNAMES 
OF  PERSONS,  PLACES,  AND  THINGS. 

By    EDWARD    LATHAM. 
8vo,  333  pp.,  double  columns,  cloth  extra,  3s.  6d. 

Comprises  Names  of  Cities,  Districts,  Countries,  Popular  Resorts,  Old  Coffee-houses,  Taverns,  Gardens,  Theatres, 
Monuments,  Prisons,  Bridges,  Tunnels,  Ships,  Rivers,  Walls,  Acts  of  Parliament,  Laws,  Parliaments,  Diets,  Councils, 
Alliances,  Treaties,  Battles,  Wars,  Peaces,  Armies,  Guns,  Anniversaries,  Eras,  Periods,  Ages,  Governments,  Political 
Parties,  Ceremonies,  Moons,  Days,  Saints,  Exploits,  Offices  (Dignities),  Companies,  Schemes,  Trials,  Conspiracies,  Plots, 
Rebellions,  Riots,  Insurrections,  Instruments  of  Torture,  Railway  Engines,  Newspapers,  Periodicals,  Prizes,  Lectures, 
Races,  Societies,  Clubs,  Sects,  Orders  of  Knighthood,  Famous  Diamonds,  Nuggets,  Animals,  Trees,  &c. 


HISTORY     OF     CIVILIZATION. 

By  H.   T.  BUCKLE. 
Edited,  with  all  the  Author's  Notes,  by  JOHN  M.  ROBERTSON,  with  additional  Notes  and  Introduction. 

1  vol.  968  pp.  buckram  gilt,  morocco  label,  5s. 
"  Messrs.  Routledge  are  to  be  congratulated  on  bringing  out  Buckle's  '  History  of  Civilization,'  at  a  cheap  price,  in 

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date." — Athenefum. 

"A  handsome  volume the  type  admirably  clear  and  distinct.    It  will  be  a  boon  to  many  readers  to  obtain  this 

famous  book  in  so  available  a  form." — Scotsman. 

"  A  book  that  has  done  its  work  and  set  its  mark  upon  the  mind  of  man  once  and  for  all.   Mr.  Robertson's  Introduction 
is  excellent  in  tone  and  judgment." — Academy. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  LONDON  STAGE,  AND  ITS  FAMOUS 
PLAYERS  (1576-1903). 

By  H.  BARTON  BAKER,  Author  of  '  Our  Old  Actors,'  &c. 

With  10  Portraits  engraved  on  Copper.    8vo,  xvii  4-  558  pages,  buckram  gilt,  morocco  label,  7s.  M.  net. 
"  An  exceedingly  interesting  and  lively  volume  replete  with  anecdote  and  amusing  stage  gossip."—  Westminster  Gazette. 
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throughout  the  long  period  covered  by  his  work.    The  numerous  portraits  are  an  important  and  acceptable  feature." 

Glasgow  Herald. 

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FIELDING'S  WORKS.    5  vols.  demy    The  SOVEREIGN  EMERSON.   Com- 

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OE,     Author    of    'The    Browning  ANTHONY  FROUDE.  With  an  Introduction  by  MON- 

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and    tneir    WORD -LORE,  lengthy  Introduction  by  Dr.  Moncure  Conway. 

By    Rev.     Dr.    A.    SMYTHE -PALMER,    Author     of  x«,-s    OT-W    T\T»  A  TUT  A  a     «P    rt  A  T  TMJiT>msT 

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501 


LOXDOX,  SATURDAY,  JL'XE  25,  1901,. 


CONTENTS.-No.  26. 

NOTES  :— The  late  Duke  of  Cambridge,  501— Dibdin  Biblio- 
graphy, 502  — Delagard  as  Preacher,  503  —  Browning's 
'•  Thunder-free  "—First  Ocean  Newspaper— Guest  Family 
— "  Sun  and  Anchor  "  Inn,  504  —  "  Easterling  "  and  Bast 
Harling  — "The  Gallants  of  Fpwey "  — County  Tales  — 
"Grahamize,"  505— "Withershins"— Pigeon  English  at 
Home  —  Mackliniana  —  Jaggard-printed  Books  —  Amban, 
506— "The  balance  of  power,"  507. 

QUliKIES  :— Daughters  of  James  I.  of  Scotland— Elene— 
Anahuac,  o  >7—  Antwerp  Cathedral— Supervisum  Corpus— 
The  Evil  Eye  —  Watts's  Hymns  —  Baronial  Family  of 
Somerville— "  There  's  not  a  crime  "—Classic  and  Trans- 
lator —  "  Riding  Tailor"  at  Astley's  —  Northern;  and 
Southern  Pronunciation,  503  — Dr.  Adam  Lyttleton — 
*'  Was  you  ?  "  and  "You  was  "—Copernicus  and  the  Planet 
Mercury  —  Thomas  Neale  :  "  Herberley  "  —  Caspar  Wels- 
bach,  509 

REPLIES  :— Barnes  :  'The  Devil's  Charter,'  509— Paste— 
"  Purple  patch,"  510—"  Our  Lady  of  the  Snows  "— Fetti- 
place,  511— Alake— Genealogy :  New  Sources— 'The  Yong 
Souldier '  —  King  John's  Charters  —  "  Humanum  est 
errare,"  512— Links  with  the  Past— Latin  for  "Roping" 
a  Horse — William  Peck— Ainoo  and  Baskish  —  Barbers — 
Alexander  Pennecuik,  Gent. — Cheshire  Cat  in  America, 
513—"  Sal  et  saliva  "—Storming  of  Fort  Moro,  514— Collins 
—  "  Barrar"  —  Building  Customs  —  Beadnell  Family  — 
"Sanguis":  its  Derivation — Natalese.  515  —  Inscriptions 
on  Public  Buildings,  516  — Dr.  S.  Hinds  —  Harepath— 
Ancient  London — "Send "of  the  Sea — Blin — "Golf":  is 
it  Scandinavian  ?  — Doge  of  Venice,  517  —  Guncaster  — 
" Bellamy's "—'•  Hen-hussey ":  "Whip-stitch":  "Wood- 
toter"— Gayus  Dixon,  518. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS  :  — Swinburne's  Poems  —  Dekker's 
'Gull's  Horn  Book'  —  Motley's  'Dutch  Republic'  — 
Latham's  '  Dictionary  of  Names,  Nicknames,  and  Sur- 
names '  —  Stevenson's  '  Familiar  Studies  of  Men  and 
Books  '—Reprints  of  FitzGerald— '  Yorkshire  Notes  and 
Queries ' — '  Burlington  Magazine.' 


THE  LATE  DUKE  OF  CAMBRIDGE. 

THE  death  of  the  Duke  of  Cambridge 
ought  not  to  be  passed  over  unrecorded  in 
the  pages  of  'X.  &,  Q.,'  for  with  him  has 
vanished  not  merely  a  popular  prince  and  a 
genial  personality,  known  at  least  by  sight 
to  most  Londoners,  but  practically  the  last 
survivor  of  the  Court  circle  prior  to  the 
accession  of  Queen  Victoria. 

Although  no  fewer  than  fifteen  children  were 
born  to  George  III.  and  Queen  Charlotte,  it 
is  a  remarkable  fact  that  they  had  only  two 

grandsons  of  royal  birth,  viz.,  the  late  King 
eorge  V.  of  Hanover,  and  the  subject  of 
this  note.  From  1813  to  1837  Adolphus,  Duke 
of  Cambridge,  governed  Hanover  as  viceroy 
on  behalf  of  his  father  and  two  eldest  brothers 
in  succession ;  and  when  William  IV.  mounted 
the  throne  he  and  Queen  Adelaide  good- 
naturedly  undertook  the  guardianship  of 
their  nephew  George  of  Cambridge,  in  order 
that  he  might  receive  the  advantages  of  an 
English  education  during  his  parents'  en- 
forced residence  in  Germany.  Thus  it  came 
about  that,  though  born  at  Hanover,  the 
late  Duke  of  Cambridge  became  a  typical 
Britisher  :  in  his  fine  proportions  and  burly 


frame  he  strongly  resembled  his  royal  father 
and  uncles  ;  in  his  tastes,  his  favourite  occu- 
pations, his  mode  of  speech,  and  his  pre- 
judices, lie  recalled  to  the  onlooker  the  tales 
and  the  traditions  of  the  Georgian  era.  His 
marriage,  like  the  alliances  of  his  uncle 
Augustus,  Duke  of  Sussex,  was  celebrated 
at  variance  with  the  provisions  of  the  Royal 
Marriage  Act ;  and  the  name  of  FitzGeorge, 
like  those  of  FitzClarence  and  others,  remains 
to  perpetuate  morganatic  branches  of  the 
reigning  house. 

The  Duke  of  Cambridge  was  a  regular 
"Londoner,"  and  I  believe  that  he  never  pos- 
sessed any  permanent  residence  out  of  London 
throughout  his  long  life.  In  his  early  days 
he  was  quartered,  on  military  duty,  in  various 
parts  of  the  kingdom,  in  Ireland,  and  the 
Ionian  Islands  ;  after  the  death  of  his  father 
in  1850  the  late  Queen  granted  him  a  suite 
of  apartments  in  St.  James's  Palace,  whence 
he  moved  in  1857  to  Gloucester  House,  at 
the  corner  of  Park  Lane  and  Piccadilly,  the 
mansion  bequeathed  to  him,  together  with  a 
valuable  collection  of  works  of  art  and  plate, 
by  his  aunt  Alary,  Duchess  of  Gloucester. 
This  was  his  home  for  nearly  half  a  century, 
and  although  his  Royal  Highness  gave  no 
great  entertainments,  and  his  mode  of  life 
was  absolutely  free  from  the  slightest  osten- 
tation or  display,  the  papers  used  to  record 
for  a  long  series  of  years  his  periodic  dinners 
"  to  a  party  of  noblemen  and  gentlemen." 
After  the  death  of  his  venerable  mother,  the 
Duchess  of  Cambridge,  her  house  on  Kew 
Green  passed  into  the  Duke's  hands;  but  he 
never  occupied  it  for  any  length  of  time,  and 
it  is  now  understood  to  have  reverted  to  the 
Crown.  The  Duke  succeeded  his  father  in 
the  year  1850  as  Ranger  of  Hyde,  St.  James's, 
and  Green  Parks,  and  was  appointed  Ranger 
of  Richmond  Park  in  succession  to  the  Duchess 
of  Gloucester.  It  appears  probable  that  these 
offices  will  fall  into  abeyance,  no  successor 
having  hitherto  been  appointed,  and  an 
announcement  having  already  been  made 
public  that  His  Majesty  has  directed  that 
game  shall  no  longer  be  preserved  in  Rich- 
mond Park. 

The  late  Duke  owned  a  considerable  private 
estate  at  Cpombe,  near  Kingston,  which  he 
apparently  inherited  from  his  father,  and  the 
pleasant  woodland  scenery  in  that  neighbour- 
hood is  likely  to  disappear  eventually  before 
the  ruthless  attacks  of  bricks  and  mortar. 
The  interesting  objects  of  art,  the  inheritance 
or  collection  of  the  Duchess  of  Gloucester  and 
of  the  first  Duke  of  Cambridge,  have  now 
been  scattered  to  the  four  winds  under  the 
auctioneer's  hammer.  H. 


502 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*  s.  i.  JUNE  25,  im. 


A   BIBLIOGRAPHICAL   ACCOUNT   OF   THE 
WORKS  OF  CHARLES  DIBDIN. 

(See  9th  S.  viii.  39,  77,  197,  279 ;  ix.  421 ;  x.  122,  243  ; 
xi.  2,  243,  443  ;  xii.  183,  283,  423,  462  ;  10th  S.  i.  463.) 

1808.  The  Melange.  A  Table  Entertainment, 
written  and  composed  by  Charles  Dibdin. 

Hogarth  gives  no  particulars  of  it,  and  I 
have  been  unable  to  trace  a  record  of  the 
performances,  beyond  the  songs,  the  words 
of  which  are  given  in  the  following  : — 

*Songs,  Glees,  Duettos,  &c.,  in  the  Melange ; 
written  &  composed  by  Mr.  Dibdin,  &  performed 
at  the  Sans  Pareil,  Strand.  London.  Printed  for 
the  Author,  by  R.  Cantwell,  No.  29  Bell  Yard,  Lin- 
coln's Inn.  And  sold  at  Mr.  Dibdin's  Warehouse, 
No.  125,  Strand.  Price  One  Shilling.  1808.  8vo, 
pp.36. 

The  songs,  &c.,  of  which  none  can  be  traced 
as  published  with  the  music,  in  connexion 
with  this  entertainment,  are  as  follows  : — 

1.  The  Flowing   Bowl.     (No.  3  in   'King   and 
Queen,'  1798.) 

2.  True  Glory.    (No.  9  in  '  The  Sphinx,'  1797.) 

3.  The  Two  Emperors. 

4.  The  Sailor's  Will.     (No.  17  in  'New  Year's 
Gifts,'  1804.) 

5.  The  Pullet.    (No.  5  in  '  Heads  or  Tails,'  1805.) 

6.  The  Anchorsmiths.   (No.  6  in  '  Tour  to  Land's 
End,'  1798.) 

7.  The  Union  of  Love   and  Wine.      (A    Glee, 
No.  18  in  '  Most  Votes,'  1802.) 

8.  The  Soldier's  Adieu.    (No.  5  in  '  The  Wags,' 
1790.) 

9.  The  Ladies.     (No.  11  in  'A  Frisk,'  1801.) 

10.  Jack  at   the    Windlass.      (No.  20   in    'The 
Quizes,'  1792.) 

11.  Miss  Wigley.    (No.  20  in  '  Professional  Volun- 
teers,' 1808.) 

12.  The  Actor. 

13.  The  Three  Catalanis. 

14.  Duetto  between  a  Tar  and  a  Clown.    (No.  5 
in 'The  Rent  Day ,'1808.) 

15.  The  Good  Night  (a  Glee). 

16.  The  Soldier's  Funeral.    (No.  9  in  '  Castles  in 
the  Air,' 1793.) 

17.  The  Sweets  of  Love.    (No.  11  in  '  The  Cake- 
house,'  1800.) 

18.  Bachelor's  Hall.     (No.  2  in  '  The  Oddities,' 
1789.) 

19.  Tom  Transom.    (No.  7  in  '  The  Frolic,'  1804.) 

20.  Bottom.    (No.  18  in  '  Tom  Wilkins,'  1799.) 

21.  The  Brothers  (a  Duetto). 

22.  The  Song  of  Songs.    (No.  14  in  '  The  General 
Election,'  1796.) 

1809.  Commodore  Pennant,  a  Table  Entertain- 
ment, written  and  composed  by  Charles  Dibdin. 
First  performed  16  January,  1809. 

This,  which  was  probably  a  compilation 
from  earlier  entertainments,  included  an 
intermezzo,  '  Cecilia ;  or,  the  Progress  of 
Industry.'  I  have  not  discovered  any  list 
of  songs,  and  I  think  none  was  published. 
Hogarth  mentions  the  Intermezzo  as  a  one- 
act  entertainment  produced  after  '  Heads  or 


Tails?'  (1805)  but  I  have  found  no  mention 
of  it  in  advertisements  of  that  year. 

1809.  A  Thanksgiving,  A  Glee.  For  3  Voices, 
Written  and  Composed  by  Mr.  Dibdin.  Price  Is, 
Printed  &  Sold  at  the  Author's  Music  Warehouse 
No.  125  Strand,  &  Bland  &  Weller's,  Oxford  Street. 
2  pp.  folio,  on  a  sheet  of  4  pp.,  with  4  pp.  8vo 
attached,  on  which  are  the  complete  words  of  the 
song. 

1809.  The  Professional  Life  of  Mr.  Dibdin, 
written  by  himself;  together  with  the  words  of 
eight  hundred  songs,  two  hundred  and  twenty  of 
which  will  have  their  appropriate  music.  Selected 
from  his  works,  and  embellished  with  an  elegant 
engraving  by  Mr.  Smith,  From  a  portrait  of 
Mr.  Dibdin,  a  striking  likeness,  and  an  admirable 
Picture  painted  by  Mr.  Devis.  In  six  Volumes. 
Vol.  I.  [or  II.].  London  :  Published  by  the  Author, 
At  his  Music  warehouse,  No.  125,  Strand  ;  and  may 
be  had  of  Mr.  Asperne,  bookseller,  Cornhill;  Bland 
and  Weller,  No.  23,  Oxford  Street ;  dementi  and 
Co.  Cheapside  ;  and  by  [sic]  all  the  Booksellers  in 
the  United  Kingdom.  1809.  Cantwell,  Printer 
29,  Bell- Yard,  Lincoln's  Inn.  8vo. 

"  Advertisement,"  dated  20  May,  1809. 
Portrait  as  in  1803  and  1804  editions.  Only 
two  volumes  appeared.  Vol.  I.  has  viii, 
251  pp.,  and  Vol.  II.  iv,  279  pp.,  and  also- 
4  pp.  following,  but  not  paged.  Contains 
engraved  songs  Nos.  1  to  61  (excepting 
No.  37,  which  is  not  in  any  copy  I  have 
examined),  then  'a  Thanksgiving'  for  three 
voices  ;  also  songs  lettered  A  to  K ;  in  all 
73  songs.  This  edition  was  apparently 
issued  fortnightly  in  parts,  at  2s.  each,  con- 
taining about  48  pp.  and  seven  or  eight 
songs.  It  was  to  have  been  completed  in 
36  parts,  of  which  about  10  appeared. 

1809.  Songs  written  and  composed  by  C.  Dibdio 
for  "  Bannister's  Budget." 

There  was  published  in  folio 

1.  The  Veteran  &  the  Volunteer,  A  Favorite 
Song,  Written  &  Composed  by  Mr.  Dibdin,  And  Sung 
with  universal  applause  by  Mr.  Bannister's  'sic] 
On  his  Tour  In  his  New  Entertainment,  Called 
Bannister's  Budget,  Entd.  at  Stat.  Hall  Price  Is 
London  Printed  by  Goulding  &  Co.  124  Late  llf 
New  Bond  Street  &  7  Westmorland  Street  Dublin. 
Arrangement  for  two  flutes  on  p.  4. 

This  is  the  only  one  I  have  seen.  Others 
'probably  issued  in  similar  form)  were  as 
Follows : — 

•2.  Cock  of  the  Village. 

*3.  Death  of  Nelson. 

*4.  Politicians. 

"5.   Quizzical  Comic  Family. 

*6.  Mankind  are  all  Sailors. 

*7.  Plains  of  Calabria. 

The  words  of  Nos.  3,  5,  and  7  are  given  by 
Hogarth.  Tom  Dibdin  wrote  '  The  Tortoise- 
shell  Tom  Cat '  for  '  Bannister's  Budget.' 

1809.  The  Lion  and  The  Water- Wagtail :  A  mock 
Heroic  Poem,  in  three  Cantos.  By  Castigator 
Aut  per  ridiculum  aut  severe  dicere.  Cicerol 


io*s.LJrxE25,i9w.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


503= 


London  :  Printed  by  Sherwood,  Neely,  and  Jones, 
Paternoster  Row.  1809.  12mo,  pp.  iv,  174. 

This  is  certainly  by  Dibdin,  for  which 
reason  I  attribute  to  him  '  Peter  Nicked  ;  or, 
the  Devil's  Darling '  (1804),  of  which  I  have 
not  been  able  to  trace  a  copy.  On  a  flyleaf 
following  p.  174  of  'The  Lion,'  &c  ,  there  is 
announced  for  speedy  publication  another 
work  by  the  same  author,  of  which  I  have 
seen  no  copy  :  '  The  Patriots  Planet-Struck  ; 
or,  Expulsion  Anticipated  :  a  Poetical  effu- 
sion.' 

1811.  Songs  written  and  composed  by  C.  Dibdin 
"expressly  and  exclusively"  for  'La  Belle  As- 
sembled '  Magazine,  New  Series.  Oblong  folio,  2  pp. 
each. 

1.  Life's    Weather   Gage    [sic].     For    No.    15 
(January,  1811). 

2.  All  Weathers.    For  No.  16  (February,  1811). 

3.  Friendship  put    to    the    test.      For   No.    17 
(March,  1811). 

4.  Conversation    between    the   old    Pensioners 
Malplaquet  and  Hockstet  on  our  recent  Success. 
For  No.  18  (April,  1811). 

5.  Jack 's  Alive.    For  No.  19  (May,  1811). 

6.  French  Cruelty  and  British  Generosity.    For 
No.  20  (June,  1811). 

7.  Jack's  Discoveries.    For  No.  21  (July,  1811). 

8.  The  Tizzies.    For  No.  22  (August,  1811). 

9.  The  Riddle.    For  No.  23  (September,  1811$. 

10.  The  Queen  of  the  May.    For  No.  24  (October, 
1811). 

11.  The  Cabin  Boy.  For  No.  25  (November,  1811). 

12.  Valour  and  its  Reward.    For  No.  30  (April, 
1812). 

1811.  *The  Round  Robin.  A  Musical  Piece  in 
Two  Acts.  First  performed  Friday,  21  June,  1811. 

This  piece,  Dibdin's  last,  was  unsuccessful, 
being  only  played  twice ;  I  have  seen  no  copy 
of  either  the  music  or  the  libretto.  The 
'  Biographia  Dramatica '  says  the  latter  was 
not  printed.  Hogarth,  however,  found  and 
included  in  his  collection  the  words  of  four- 
teen lyrical  pieces  and  the  music  of  one. 
This  is  one  of  the  most  enduringly  popular 
of  Dibdin's  songs.  It  was  published  by 
Dibdin  in  folio  (2  pp.  on  a  sheet  of  4)  as 
follows : — 

The  Lass  that  Loves  a  Sailor,  Written  and  Com- 
posed by  Mr.  Dibdin,  and  sung  by  Mr.  Shaw  (with 
universal  applause)  at  the  Theatre  in  the  Hay- 
market,  in  The  Round  Robin.  Price  Is.  This  Song 
is  now  offered  to  the  Public,  as  a  Specimen  of  that 
Piece.  To  be  Sold  at  Mr.  Asperne  s,  No.  32  Corn- 
hill-at  the  Sun  Office,  No.  112  Strand-by  Mr. 
Milhouse,  Instrument  Maker,  No.  5,  Rupert  Street, 
St.  James's,— Mr.  Dibdin,  No.  17,  Arlington  Street, 
Camden  Town,— and  all  the  Music  Shops.  (Signed 
at  foot  of  p.  1.) 

1814.  A  collection  of  Songs,  selected  from  the 
works  of  Mr.  Dibdin.  A  New  Edition.  In  Two 
Volumes.  Vol.  I.  [or  II.].  London  :  printed  for  R. 
Lea,  Greek  Street,  Soho ;  John  Richardson,  Royal 
Exchange  ;  and  J.  Walker  &  Co.,  Paternoster  Row; 


By  S.  Hamilton,  Weybridge,  Surrey.    1814. 
Vol.  i.  pp.  iv,  viii,  288.    Vol.  ii.  pp.  iv,  vii,  294. 

This  collection  contains  every  song  in  the- 
five-volurae  issue  (1790  et  seq.),  with  the 
exception  of  '  What  a  Plague,  said  Young:. 
Colin,'  on  p.  107  of  vol.  iii.  The  songs  are  in 
the  same  order,  except  that  those  of  vol.  iv, 
here  precede  those  of  vol.  iii. 

1814  (or  later).  A  Selection  [Portrait]  of  the  most 
esteemed  Songs  Written  and  Composed  by  Mr. 
Dibdin.  To  be  continued.  Published  by  C. 
Wheatstone  &  Co.  436,  Strand.  Vol.  I.  [or  II.]. 
Price  5s.  Jones  sc.  n.d. 

Watermark  date  1814,  9i  by  6|  in.  2  vols.- 
Engraved  title,  with  portrait  engraved  by 
Mr.  Smith.  Vol.  i.  contains  20  songs,  and 
index,  50  pp.  The  songs  may  have  also  been 
issued  separately  from  same  plates.  Vol.  ii. 
(in  the  only  copy  I  have  seen)  contains  17 
songs  on  44  pp.,  and  no  index.  It  is  possibly 
imperfect. 

I  have  now  brought  this  list  of  Charles- 
Dibdin's  productions  up  to  the  date  of  his 
death.  It  still  remains  to  add  an  account  of 
the  subsequent  collections  of  his  works  and* 
of  the  existing  portraits  ;  after  which  I  shall- 
conclude  with  a  list  of  such  additions  and1 
alterations  as  I  have  noted.  In  anticipation- 
of  this  I  again  invite  collectors  to  oblige 
me  by  comparing  their  possessions  with  the 
corresponding  entries  in  my  bibliography, 
and  correcting  any  errors  and  omissions' 
they  may  detect.  I  am  fully  conscious  that 
the  result  of  my  labours  is  very  far  frou> 
perfect.  Some  allowance  must,  however,  be 
made  for  shortcomings  in  the  first  serious- 
attempt  to  give  an  exact  account  of  the 
innumerable  productions  of  a  man  so  prolific 
and  versatile.  I  have  received  very  valuable 
assistance  from  a  number  of  correspondents, 
and  especially  from  three  well-known  collec- 
tors :  Mr.  W.  T.  Freeman  tie,  of  Rotherham, 
Mr.  Frank  Kidson,  of  Leeds,  and  the  late 
Mr.  Julian  Marshall.  To  the  last  named  I 
was  for  a  number  of  years  greatly  in- 
debted for  assistance  and  encouragement. 
A  correspondence  in  '  N.  &  Q.'  (to  the  anti- 
quary the  best  of  introductions)  was  the 
beginning  of  a  lasting  friendship,  to  me 
most  pleasant  and  profitable.  His  death 
robs  me  of  one  who  taught  me  much  as- 
student  and  collector,  of  an  ardent  sympa- 
thizer, of  a  most  charming  correspondent, 
and  of  a  valued  friend. 

E.  RIMBAULT  DIBDIN. 

Morningside,  Sudworth  Road,  New  Brighton. 


DELAGARD,  ONE  OF  THE  COUNTESS  OF 
HUNTINGDON'S  PKEACHEES. — I  have  been 
allowed  the  perusal  of  a  commonplace  book 


504 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       [io*  s.  i.  JUNE  25, 190*. 


transcribed  from  the  autograph  of  William 
•Cowper's  aunt,  Judith  Madan  (nee  Cowper) 
•On  pp.  9,  10,  is  an  account  of  Delagard,  oi 
whom  I  find  no  mention  in  'The  Life  and 
Times  of  the  Countess  of  Huntingdon.'  The 
book  is  a  4to,  half-bound  in  calf.  I  quote 
pp.  9,  10  :— 

"  False  peace,  delusive  rest,  and  vain  security. 
These  just  and  fine  epithets  1  heard  from  the 

Bulpit  at  South  Audley  Chapel    some  years  ago 
'.e.  apparently  before  1754]  from  poor  Delagard,  a 
man  who  preached,  I  think,  13  sermons,  13  suc- 
cessive    Thursdays,    under    Lady    Huntingdon's 
patronage,  a  post  charitably  designed  to  instruct 

Both  the  great  vulgar  and  the  small, 
•the  service  beginning  at  12  o'clock,  to  render  the 
attendance  on  it  as  easy  as  possible  to  the  tender 
constitutions  of  those  the  world  calls  people  of 
.quality,  but  who,  in  the  eye  of  reason  and  religion, 
must  be  comprehended  under  the  only  title  poor 
mortals  can  justly  call  their  own,  that  of  '  miserable 
sinners.' 

"  Delagard  was  a  man  of  a  low  stature  and  mean 
appearance,  but  in  the  pulpit  assumed  a  dignity  I 
scarce  ever  saw  before,  even  where  Nature  had 
been  more  kind  in  bestowing  a  better  look  and 
more  graceful  stature.  All  he  said,  as  it  came 
from  the  heart,  I  believe,  seldom  failed  to  affect 
the  hearts  of  his  congregation  :  a  force  and  energy 
not  to  be  described  accompanied  every  divine 
precept  that  fell  from  his  tongue.  Many  were 
awakened,  some  converted  ;  and  in  general,  as  in 
the  Gospel  preaching,  '  fear  fell  on  all.'  Thus  for  a 
few  weeks  it  pleased  God  to  enable  His  servant  to 
do  His  will ;  and  not  many  more  passed  before 
he  was  taken  into  eternity,  I  trust  and  hope,  to 
enjoy  that  reward  ordained  for  those  who  turn 
many  to  righteousness,  '  to  shine  like  the  stars  in 
•heaven.' 

"  I  think  this  small  recollection  of  what  he  was 
on  earth  due  to  the  memory  of  this  faithful  servant 
of  our  glorious  Master's,  to  whom  be  glory  and 
honour,  thanksgiving  and  power,  love  and  obe- 
•dience,  for  ever  and  ever  !  Amen  !" 

JOHN  E.  B.  MAYOR. 

Cambridge. 

BROWNING'S  "THUNDER-FREE." — Prof.Luick, 
of  Graz,  writes  :  — "  In  '  Pippa  Passes '  Phene 
says  (ii.  59),   'Carve... a   Greek... bay-filleted 
and  thunder-free.'    What  does  this  mean  ?" 
Prof.  W.  P.  Ker  answers  :  — 
"  Compare  '  Childe  Harold,'  iv.  41 : — 
For  the  true  laurel-wreath  which  Glory  weaves 
Is  of  the  tree  no  bolt  of  thunder  cleaves. 
The   bay  wreath   was    a   protection   against    the 
thunderbolt." 

F.  J.  F. 

FIRST  OCEAN  NEWSPAPER.— The  following, 
from  New  York  in  the  Globe  of  11  June, 
should,  I  think,  find  a  place  in  'N.  &  Q.  ':— 

"  A  telegram  from  Nantucket  to  the  New  York 
Herald  states  that  the  voyage  of  the  Cunard  Line 
steamer  Campania  from  Liverpool  to  New  York 
has  been  rendered  memorable  by  the  publication  of 
a  daily  newspaper,  which  has  been  a  complete 


success.  The  passengers  awaited  each  morning's 
issue  impatiently.  News  was  received  daily  from 
the  United  States  and  Europe,  and  the  result 
exceeded  the  expectations  of  the  pressman  on 
board.  The  Sun  states  that  the  Cunard  Line  agent 
here,  Mr.  Vernon  Brown,  has  received  a  telegram 
from  Capt.  Pritchard,  of  the  Campania,  yesterday 
afternoon,  stating  that  the  Daily  Bulletin  had  been 
entirely  successful.  This  is  interpreted  to  mean 
that  the  daily  sea  paper  has  arrived,  and  is  here  to 
stay.  The  Campania  will  continue  to  publish  the 
journal  daily  on  her  eastward  trip,  and  subse- 
quently the  Lucania  will  have  a  daily  publication.  — 
Reuter." 

J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

[The  Daily   Telegraph  of  13  June  contained  a 
long  account  of  this  new  departure  in  journalism, 
of  which  the  following  sentences  may  be  worth 
preservation  in  '  N.   &  Q.'  :  —  "The  daily  paper 
published  aboard  by  means  of  the  Marconi  news 
service  was  entitled  the   Cunard  Daily  Bulletin. 
It  was  no  bigger  than  a    parish   magazine,  eight 
inches   by  five   in   size,    but    very  well    printed. 
Mr.  Graham,  purser  of  the  Campania,  was  editor, 
with  Mr.  Kershaw,   private  secretary   to    Signor 
Marconi,  as  chief   sub  -editor  ......  There  were   no 

leading  articles,  no  advertisements,  but  plenty 
of  miscellaneous  news  and  gossip  to  break  the 
monotony  of  the  Atlantic  passage.  Above  all, 
there  was  the  news,  short,  crisp  interesting  items 
from  all  parts  of  the  world,  to  which  the  passengers 
and  crew  looked  forward  daily  with  increasing 
interest.  The  paid  circulation  was  725  daily,  and 
the  cost  2^(1.  per  number."] 

GUEST  FAMILY.  (See  9th  S.  ix.  508  ;  x.  51.) 
—  A  list  of  works  pertaining  to  the  history  of 
this  family  in  America  may  be  of  service  :  — 

Harper's  New  Monthly  Magazine,  xlix.,  No. 
ccxc.,  p.  238,  .July,  1874. 

American  Historical  Register,  New  Series,  i., 
No.  2,  p.  167,  Philadelphia,  April,  1897. 

New  York  Geneal.  and  Biog.  Record,  xxix.  100, 
April,  1898. 

American  Monthly  Magazine,  xi.,  No.  6,  p.  557, 
Washington,  D.C.,  December,  1897. 

The  Spirit  of  Seventy-six,  iv.,  No.  5,  pp.  138,  139, 
New  York,  January,  1898. 

Manuscripts  relating  to  Guest  Family,  &c. 
Museum  of  Newberry  Library,  Chicago,  Case 
No.  ii.,  31,  2,  Catalogue  No.  89030. 

'  Tales  of  our  Forefathers,'  Albany,  N.Y.,  1898. 

'  Poems  and  Journal  '  (Moses  Guest),  Cincinnati, 
1823-4. 

The  Guests  of  New  Brunswick,  New 
Jersey  (fl.  1776),  are  said  to  have  descended 
from  those  of  that  name  in  Birmingham, 
England.  EUGENE  F.  McPiKE. 

Chicago,  U.S. 


AND  ANCHOR"  INN.  —  At  Scotter,  a 
small  town  about  four  miles  from  Kirton-in- 
Lindsey,  there  is  an  inn  bearing  the  name  of 
the  "Sun  and  Anchor."  In  former  days  I 
well  remember  admiring  the  sign,  which  bore 
a  resplendent  sun  and  a  very  large  anchor. 
This  has  now  disappeared,  and  a  mere 
inscription  unhappily  supplies  the  place  of 


io*  s.  i.  JUNE  25, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


505 


this  picturesque  specimen  of  rural  art.  I 
have  never  heard  of  any  other  public-house 
in  England  with  a  similar  title,  and  have 
long  been  puzzled  as  to  its  origin.  The 
following  passage  in  Guillim's  '  Display  of 
Heraldry'  may  possibly  throw  light  upon 
it:— 

"  Cosmus  Medices,  Duke  of  Hetruria,  gave  two 
Anchors  for  his  Impress,  with  this  word  Duabus, 
meaning  it  was  good  to  have  two  holds  to  trust  to  ; 
but  Richard  the  First,  King  of  England,  gave  a 
Sun  on  two  Anchors,  with  this  Motto,  Christo  Duce  ; 
a  worthy  and  Princely  choice  of  so  heavenly  a 
Pilot."— Fifth  edition,  1679,  p.  231. 

Guillim,  as  was  his  custom,  gives  no 
authority  for  what  he  says ;  but  he  was  a 
careful  and  honest  man,  who  did  not  write 
at  random,  as  some  of  his  successors  who 
have  cribbed  from  his  pages  have  been  wont 
to  do.  He  must  have  had  what  he  regarded 
as  sufficient  ground  for  what  he  stated.  Can 
any  one  refer  to  what  authority  he  depended 
upon  ?  If  what  he  said  be  true,  there  is  an 
excellent  reason  for  the  sign,  and  at  least  a 
presumption  of  its  antiquity,  for  Kichard  I. 
was  a  great  benefactor  to  Scotter.  He 
granted  a  charter  of  fair  and  market  to  the 
Abbot  of  Peterborough,  who  was  its  lord 
('Monasticon  Anglic.,'  edition  1846,  vol.  i. 

E.  392).  It  is  dated  24  March,  and  witnessed 
y  Walter,  Archbishop  of  Rouen,  but  no 
year  is  given.  Within  the  memory  of  elderly 
people  an  important  horse  fair  was  held  at 
Scotter,  but,  as  has  been  the  case  with  other 
rural  fairs,  the  railways  have  well-nigh 
extinguished  it.  EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

Kirton-in-Lindsey. 

"  EASTERLING  "  AND  EAST  HARLING.— There 
is  a  singular  error  in  Bardsley's  useful 
4  Dictionary  of  Place-names '  that  should  be 
corrected.  Under  'Easterling'  he  tells  us 
that  it  is  a  "local  name,"  which  is  not  pre- 
cisely the  case.  See  the  'New  Eng.  Diet.' 
He  gives  three  examples,  none  of  which  are 
in  any  sense  to  the  point.  He  tells  us  that 
there  were  men  "de  Eastherling"  in  1273  ;  a 
"Walter  de  Eastherling"  in  1303;  and  a 
"Ralph  de  Eastherling"  at  the  same  date. 
He  says  that  "  Eastherling  "  is  described  as 
being  in  Norfolk,  but  he  cannot  find  it. 
But  almost  any  county  map  will  show  that 
East  Harling  is  not  far  from  Thetford.  You 
get  to  it  from  Harling  Road  Station. 

WALTER  W.  SKEAT. 

"THE  GALLANTS  OF  FOWEY." — A  curious 
traditional  grant  from  the  Black  Prince  is 
referred  to  in  the  following  cutting  from  the 
Morning  Post  of  Monday,  11  April : — 

"A  parish  meeting  of  the  occupiers  of  Golant- 
Saint-Samson,  on  the  Fowey  river,  Cornwall,  was 


held  on  Saturday  evening  in  the  village  schools  to 
consider  what  steps  should  be  taken  to  resist  the 
claim  for  dues  made  by  the  lord  of  the  manor  for 
stone  raised  or  carted  from  the  villagers'  commons, 
on  which  from  time  immemorial  they  have  paid 
the  poor  rates  by  a  twopenny  impost  on  every 
cottager,  in  addition  to  the  ordinary  assessment  by 
the  overseer.  It  was  stated  that  though  no  charter 
was  in  the  possession  of  the  parish  their  rights 
were  traditionally  inherited  by  a  grant  from  the 
Black  Prince,  as  Duke  of  Cornwall,  in  reward  for 
services  rendered  at  sea  by  '  the  Gallants  of" 
Fowey,'  from  which  the  village  takes  its  name, 
being  one  of  two  in  all  England  dedicated  to  the 
memory  of  Saint  Samson,  the  Apostle  of  Brittany 
and  second  Abbot  of  Caldy,  on  the  Welsh  coast." 
WILLIAM  GEORGE  BLACK. 
Dowanhill  Gardens,  Glasgow. 

COUNTY  TALES.— There  are  several  tales- 
current  in  Lincolnshire  which  were  used  in 
former  days,  and  perhaps  are  at  the  present 
time,  for  the  purpose  of  showing  contempt 
for  neighbouring  shires  or  boroughs  within, 
our  own  limits.  I  give  two  of  these  by  way 
of  example,  and  should  be  glad  to  know  if 
they  are  confined  to  this  county,  or  whether 
they  are  to  be  found  in  other  forms  elsewhere. 
Grimsby.  —  When  this  borough  had 
dwindled  so  as  to  become  a  very  inconsider- 
able place,  the  ignorance  of  its  mayors  was 
a  standing  joke  among  outsiders.  An  old 
gentleman  who,  if  alive,  would  be  upwards 
of  a  hundred  and  ten  years  of  age,  told  me  a 
tale  of  a  certain  mayor  who  had  a  person 
brought  before  him  for  frying  bacon.  The 
culprit  pleaded  that  this  was  not  an  offence  ;. 
but  the  mayor  retorted  that  it  was  a  felony 
by  common  law.  A  scholar  was,  however, 
found,  who  explained  the  misinterpreted  pas- 
sage in  the  law-books.  The  felony  consisted 
not  in  frying  bacon,  but  in  firing  a  beacon. 
In  the  days  when  this  story  had  its  origin* 
there  were  beacons  all  along  the  East  coast. 
If  any  one  of  the  series  had  been  wantonly 
set  on  fire,  the  whole  population  would 
probably  have  turned  out  in  their  war-gear 
from  Thames  to  Tyne. 
Rutlandshire.— In  the  days  when  only- 
en  tlemen  were  made  high  sheriffs  of  counties, 
Rutlandshire  was  a  common  jest,  because,  on» 
account  of  its  small  size,  men  of  but  mean 
station  had  necessarily  to  be  put  up  with. 
On  one  occasion,  it  was  averred,  when  the 
proper  official  came  to  tell  a  plain  farmer 
Jbhat  he  had  been  chosen  for  an  office  of  such 
bigh  honour  and  importance,  he  found  him  in 
bis  yard,  in  workaday  apparel,  thatching  a. 
stack.  COM.  LING. 

"  GRAHAMIZE."— "  Grahamize  "  is  defined  in 
the  '  H.E.D.'  as  "  to  cause  letters  to  be  opened 
when  passing  through  the  post,"  and  it  is 


506 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        do*  s.  i.  JUNE  25, 1004. 


stated  that  "Sir  James  Graham,  as  Home 
Secretary,  had  Mazzini's  letters  so  opened  in 
1844."  No  exception  can  be  taken  to  the 
definition  of  "  grahamize,"  but  the  statement 
that  Sir  James  Graham  had  Mazzini's  letters 
-opened  is  not  quite  accurate,  though  it  repre- 
sents the  common  opinion  and  is  accepted 
by  many  historians  and  writers.  In  the 
'Encyclopaedia  Britannica,'  s.v.  'Graham,' 
we  read  that  ''in  1844  the  detention  and 
opening  of  letters  at  the  post  office  by  his 
'{Sir  James  Graham's]  warrant  raised  a  storm 
of  public  indignation."  In  Justin  McCarthy's 
'History  of  our  Own  Times'  the  charge  of 
opening  Mazzini's  letters  is  brought  against 
Graham  ;  and  the  reference  to  the  subject  in 
Sir  Spencer  Walpole's  '  History  of  England ' 
is  indexed  as  follows,  "  Graham,  Sir  J.,  opens 
Mazzini's  letters,"  and  "  Mazzini,  opening  of 
his  letters  by  Sir  J.  Graham." 

The  agitation  of  1844  about  the  opening 
•and  detention  of  letters  is  now  almost  for- 
gotten ;  but  whatever  odium  attaches  to  the 
opening  of  Mazzini's  letters  is  still  borne  by 
Sir  James  Graham.  A  secret  committee  of 
the  House  of  Commons,  which  sat  in  1844, 
reported  that  Mazzini's  letters  had  been 
interrupted  in  the  post  under  a  warrant 
issued  by  Graham  and  were  sent  to  the  Home 
Office,  whence  they  were  dispatched  unopened 
to  the  Foreign  Office.  The  warrant  for 
detaining  the  letters  was  issued  by  Graham  at 
the  request  of  his  colleague  Lord  Aberdeen, 
the  Foreign  Secretary,  and  he,  not  Graham, 
•opened  and  read  Mazzini's  letters.  But,  as 
is  pointed  out  in  the  life  of  Graham  in  the 
^D.N.B.,'  "  Lord  Aberdeen  held  his  tongue,arid 
allowed  the  whole  storm  to  burst  on  Graham." 
J.  A.  J.  HOUSDEN. 

"WiTHERSHiNS."— -This  is  the  most  repre- 
sentative way  that  occurs  to  me  of  writing 
&  word  which  was  lately  told  me  as  meaning 
contra  clockwise,  or  from  left  to  right,  the 
opposite  of  with  the  sun.  I  do  not  find  it  in 
Jarnieson's  '  Provincial  Dictionary.' 

Might  I  venture  to  guess  that  the  first  two 
syllables  correspond  to  the  German  wieder  ? 

T.  WILSON. 

Harpenden. 

[The  surmise  as  to  the  origin  of  the  word  is 
•correct:  Anglo-Saxon  ioider=a,ga,inst,  answers  to 
the  German  ivieder.  ] 

PIGEON  ENGLISH  AT  HOME.  —  Another 
execrable  departure  is  recently  noticeable. 
The  promoters  of  that  very  excellent  idea, 
a  dam  across  the  Thames  at  Gravesend, 
«peak  of  "dockizing"  the  river,  instead  of 
.endocking  it.  I  have  not  seen  "  dockify  "  yet, 
•but  am  in  daily  anticipation  of  it ;  my  hopes 


this  way  are  encouraged  by  the  use  of  the 
word  "  actify  "  in  the  Times  of  14  June,  in 
a  case  where  the  word  enact  did  not  jump  to 
the  writer's  mind  at  the  moment.  It  might 
also  be  questioned  whether  "barrage"  is  a 
justifiable  alternative  to  dam. 

EDWARD  SMITH. 

MACKLINIANA.— Judge  Parry,  at  p.  120  of 
his  excellent  monograph  on  Charles  Macklin, 
reproduces  Kirkman's  detailed  statement  of 
the  receipts  during  the  Smock  Alley  engage- 
ment of  1763-4,  together  with  Macklin's 
moiety  of  the  nightly  takings.  As  he  con- 
fesses- his  inability  to  explain  on  what 
principle  the  actor's  profits  were  calculated, 
it  may  be  as  well  to  point  out  that  the 
residue  was  shared  equally  between  Macklin 
and  the  manager  after  401.  had  been  deducted 
for  the  nightly  charges  of  the  house.  This 
applies  to  all  save  four  of  the  items,  viz., 
2  and  22  Dec.,  20  Jan.,  and  26  Feb.,  in  which  the 
shillings  or  the  pence  (mostly  the  latter)  in 
Macklin's  moieties  will  not  work  out.  Doubt- 
less this  is  due  to  miscopying  on  Kirkman's 
part  or  to  subsequent  misprints. 

I  remark  also  that  in  the  list  of  Macklin's 

?lays  given  by  Judge  Parry  at  p.  196  '  The 
rue-Born  Irishman,'  otherwise  'The  Irish 
Fine  Lady,'  is  spoken  of  as  "  not  printed." 
This  is  incorrect.  I  have  both  seen  and  read 
a  copy,  and  well  remember  its  blunt  satire 
and  strong  characterization.  In  this  latter 
quality  it  recalled  to  me  Holcrof  t  at  his  best, 
say  in  '  The  Road  to  Ruin.' 

Judge  Parry  mentions  a  head  of  Macklin 
as  Shylock,  by  Zoffany,  in  the  National 
Gallery  of  Ireland.  The  same  collection 
possesses  an  admirable  full-length  portrait 
of  the  sturdy  old  actor  as  Sir  Pertinax 
MacSycophant,  the  work  of  De  Wilde.  It 
is  probably  a  replica  of  the  painting  in  the 
Garrick  Club.  W.  J.  LAWRENCE. 

Dublin. 

JAGGARD-PRINTED  BOOKS.  (See  4th  S.  iv.  409.) 
— It  is  a  far  cry  back  to  1869,  when  a  query 
appeared  with  reference  to  books  printed  by 
William  Jaggard  and  Ed.  Blount. 

Lengthy  lists  of  the  Jaggard  press  appeared 
in  the  Athenceum  for  18  January,  1902,  and 
following  issues,  and  for  24  January,  1903. 
The  querist  seemed  to  doubt  whether  Wm. 
Jaggard  really  printed  the  works  he  pub- 
lished. Reference  to  the  Registers  of  the 
Stationers'  Company  should  set  such  sus- 
picions at  rest.  WM.  JAGGARD. 

139,  Canning  Street,  Liverpool. 

AMBAN. — It  is  well  remarked  that  the 
peaceful  intervention  now  in  progress  for 
Lhasa  rouses  an  interest  in  philological 


io*  s.i.  JUNE  25,  low.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


507 


circles.  Among  the  novelties  appears  the 
word  amban,  apparently  a  plenipotentiary  or 
resident  minister  from  China,  as  overlord 
to  Tibet.  It  is  very  suggestive  of  the  form 
ambac,  preserved  to  us  by  Csesar,  and  claimed 
alike  for  Gaulish  and  for  Gothic,  dating  back 
to  that  far-off  epoch  when  both  races  figured 
as  Celts,  migrating  from  Central  Asia,  within 
touch  of  this  very  Tibet-land.  It  has  been 
supposititiously  explained  from  Sanskrit,  as 
a  sort  of  equivalent  to  Brahman,  the  primi- 
tive cook,  and  later  minister  or  priest. 

A.  H. 

"THE  BALANCE  OF  POWER."— The  ' H.E.D.,' 
as  its  earliest  illustration  of  this  phrase, 
gives  one  of  1679,  referring  to  "  the  Ballance 
of  Europe";  but  in  2nd  S.  ix.  503  is  a  descrip- 
tion of  a  folio  of  1653,  the  title  of  which 
commences  with  the  words,  '  A  German  Diet, 
or  the  Ballance  of  Europe.'  I  note  this  in 
connexion  with  the  fact  that  on  16  June  the 
Alexander  Prize  Essay  (1903)  was  read  before 
the  Royal  Historical  Society  by  Miss  E.  M.  G. 
Routh,  formerly  of  Lady  Margaret  Hall, 
Oxford,  on  '  The  History  of  the  Attempts  to 
establish  a  Balance  of  Power  in  Europe, 
1648  to  1702.'  POLITICIAN. 


<ium.es, 

WE  must  request  correspondents  desiring  in- 
formation on  family  matters  of  only  private  interest 
to  affix  their  names  and  addresses  to  their  queries, 
in  order  that  the  answers  may  be  addressed  to  them 
direct. 

DAUGHTERS  OF  JAMES  I.  OF  SCOTLAND. — I 
wish  to  ascertain,  if  possible,  the  correct 
details  concerning  the  daughters  of  James  I. 
of  Scotland  and  Joan  Beaufort.  There  seem 
to  have  been  six :  Margaret,  married  the 
Dauphin,  afterwards  Louis  XL,  died  s.p.  • 
Isabel,  the  Duke  of  Brittany ;  Eleanor,  the 
Archduke  Sigismund  of  Austria;  Joan;  Mary; 
Annabel.  The  difficulty  is  about  the  last 
three.  Miss  Yonge,  whose  historical  dictum 
is  almost  invariably  accurate,  says,  in  her 
romance  'Two  Penniless  Princesses,'  "  that 
Joan  married  George  Douglas,  Master— after- 
wards Earl— of  Angus,"  and  adds  in  a  note 
that  he  was  an  historical  personage.  In 
6th  S.  xi.  52  HERMENTRUDE  says  Joan  was 
dumb,  was  contracted,  but  never  married,  to 
James,  third  Earl  of  Angus,  and  died  1445-6, 
aged  about  eighteen  ;  but  she  adds  that  some 
say  the  princess  married  about  1456  James, 
Earl  of  Morton,  and  died  about  1487-8.  In 
Burke's  'Royal  Descents 'she  is  said,  in  his 
*  Ancestry  of  the  House  of  Stewart,'  to  have 
married  first  James,  third  Earl  of  Angus ; 


secondly,  George,  second  Earl  of  Huntly.  She 
is  mentioned  in  twenty-seven  of  the  pedigrees 
of  descendants  of  royalty  in  his  book.  In 
eight  she  is  described  as  having  married 
James  Douglas,  Earl  of  Morton  ;  in  five  as 
having  married  first  James  Douglas,  Earl  of 
Angus,  secondly,  James  Douglas,  Earl  of 
Morton ;  in  two,  as  marrying  first  James 
Douglas,  Earl  of  Angus,  then  George  Gordon, 
second  Earl  of  Huntly  ;  in  nine  as  marrying 
George,  Earl  of  Huntly  ;  in  three  as  marry- 
ing first  James,  Earl  of  Morton,  then  George, 
Earl  of  Huntly.  The  Earl  of  Angus  is 
variously  described  as  the  first  and  third 
earl ;  the  Earl  of  Morton  as  the  first  and 
second. 

Burke  states  that  Mary  married  John, 
Lord  of  Campvere,  in  Zealand,  and  makes 
Annabel  marry  first  "  Earl  of  Angus ; 
secondly,  James,  first  Earl  of  Morton."  HER- 
MBNTRUDE  says  she  married  at  Stirling, 
14  December,  1444,  Luigi  of  Savoy,  Count 
of  Geneva,  from  whom  she  was  divorced 
on  23  March,  1456,  for  political  reasons ; 
married  again,  about  1457,  George,  Earl  of 
Huntly,  who  divorced  her,  apparently  with- 
out any  fault  on  her  part,  24  July,  1476.  She 
died  soon  after,  leaving  eleven  children,  one 
of  whom  was  Katharine  Gordon,  wife  of 
Perkin  Warbeck.  I  should  imagine  this  to 
be  the  correct  version,  as  in  the  Peerage  the 
Huntly  family  claim  her  for  their  ances- 
tress ;  but  the  variations  regarding  Joan  are 
bewildering.  Did  she  die  unmarried  ?  Did 
she  marry  both  Angus  and  Morton  ?  And 
was  she  dumb  ? 

I  shall  be  very  grateful  to  any  one  who 
can  throw  any  light  on  these  points.  I  also 
see  that  HERMENTRUDE  describes  her  as  the 
third  daughter.  I  thought  the  order  of  their 
birth  was  Margaret,  Isabel,  Eleanor,  Joan. 
If  it  can  be  proved  that  she  died  unmarried, 
a  good  many  people  who  count  their  royal 
descent  through  her  will  have  to  relinquish 
their  claims  to  royal  ancestry.  HELGA. 

ELENE. — I  wish  to  know  who  Elene  was. 
She  is  the  subject  of  a  modern  picture  in  the 
Parma  Gallery.  Two  men  have  been  playing 
for  her  with  dice.  The  three  figures  are 
semi-nude ;  the  men  are  equipped  with 
swords ;  the  lucky  man  has  his  arm  round 
Elene.  The  man  who  has  lost  her  is  seated 
on  the  ground,  looking  regretfully  after  her. 

C.  P. 

ANAHUAC. — What  is  the  correct  pronuncia- 
tion of  this  ancient  and  poetical  name  for 
Mexico?  On  which  syllable  should  it  be 
stressed  ]  I  have  consulted  several  gazet- 
teers, but  they  differ.  Some  have  Anahuac ; 


508 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        tioi"  s.  i.  JUNE  25,  uo*. 


others,  including  the  newest  and  best  autho- 
rity, Smith's  '  Cyclopaedia  of  Names,"  1895, 
have  Anahuac.  I  have  never  heard  this 
name  pronounced  by  Spaniards,  but  I  fancy 
that  in  most  other  Mexican  names  which  I 
have  heard  ending  in  c  the  final  syllable  was 
accented,  e.g.,  in  the  name  of  the  last  Aztec 
emperor,  Guatem6c,  and  in  the  numerous 
place-names  ending  in  -tepee,  such  as  Chapul- 
tepec,  Tehuantepec,  &c. 

JAMES  PLATT,  Jun. 

ANTWERP  CATHEDRAL.  (See  9th  S.  ix.  289, 
352,  433.)— May  I  shortly  repeat  my  query  ? 
— for  the  replies,  although  interesting,  in  no 
way  touch  it. 

I  have  read  (where  I  cannot  tell)  that, 
owing  to  the  falling  of  the  towers  of  this 
cathedral,  the  present  one  is  built  on  a  foun- 
dation of  hides,  and  the  second  tower  was 
not  proceeded  with,  owing  to  the  attraction 
or  pull  of  the  completed  one.  I  have 
referred  to  Fergusson,  Murray,  Baedeker,  and 
Motley,  but  without  result,  and  yet  I  have 
read  this  somewhere.  Can  any  one  help  me 
and  give  me  the  reference,  and  say  if  correct? 

Lucis. 

SUPERVISUM  CORPUS. — Is  there  any  means 
of  arriving  at  a  verdict  of  the  cause  of  death 
where  the  body  of  the  deceased  has  vanished, 
as  in  the  recent  case  where  a  man  fell  into  a 
disused  mine,  or  where  a  body  is  completely 
incinerated  by  a  fire  or  by  falling  into  molten 
metal,  or  where  a  man  is  lost  at  sea  ?  In  the 
last  case  the  Probate  Court  may  allow  pre- 
sumption of  death.  In  the  other  cases  it  is 
said  that  magistrates  must  act  if  a  body 
cannot  be  produced.  But  how  ? 

STANLEY  B.  ATKINSON. 

Inner  Temple. 

THE  EVIL  EYE.— Can  any  of  the  readers  of 
*N.  &  Q.'  tell  me  whether  the  superstition  of 
the  evil  eye  was  ever  prevalent  in  England  ? 
According  to  a  recent  writer  on  the  subject 
it  is  still  widely  believed  in  and  guarded 
against  in  Italy,  and  especially  in  Malta. 
One  wonders  if  it  ever  prevailed  in  the  British 
Isles.  FREDERICK  T.  HIBGAME. 

[It  is  still  prevalent  in  some  out-of-the-way 
English  places,  as  any  good  guide  to  folk-lore  will 
show.  A  case  at  Uxbridge  in  1900  is  recorded 
P  S.  v.  285,  and  a  Scotch  instance  at  9th  S.  xi.  208. 
.See  the  General  Indexes  under  'Folk-lore-  Evil 
eye.'] 

WATTS'S  HYMNS.— In  Isaac  Watts's  '  Hymns 
and  Spiritual  Songs '  there  are  three  books 
of  lyrics.  The  first  comprises  hymns  set  to 
given  texts  of  Scripture;  the  second  pre- 
sents such  as  illustrate  some  doctrine,  bein^ 
(in  the  author's  words)  "of  mere  human 


composure";  and  the  third  is  a  collection  of 
pieces  for  use  at  the  Communion  service.  In 
his  'Treasury  of  Sacred  Song'  (1890)  the  late 
Prof.  Palgrave  seems  to  have  mixed  two  of 
these  hymns  for  the  sake  of  reaching  a  satis- 
factory unit.  The  poem  he  numbers  cxcv.  in 
his  anthology  opens  with  the  first  stanza  of 
Watts's  I.  xviii.,  and  continues  with  the 
second  and  third  of  II.  iii.,  by  which  the 
poem  is  ostensibly  completed.  Did  Watts 
make  any  such  readjustment  of  these  hymns? 
or  is  the  composite  product  merely  the  result 
of  editorial  ingenuity  ?  THOMAS  BAYNE. 

BARONIAL  FAMILY  OF  SOMERVILLE.— The 
Dublin  Evening  Mail  of  1  June,  referring 
to  Sir  Henry  Moore  Jackson,  who  is  to  be 
Governor  of  Trinidad,  states  : — 

"It  was  during  his  early  years  at  Sura— so  at 
least  the  story  goes — that  a  sunburnt  man  in  a 
tattered  white  linen  suit  called  upon  him  in  some 
distress,  and  aroused  his  interest  to  such  a  degree 
that  the  Governor  chartered  a  small  sailing  boat 
to  take  him  to  an  island  which  he  had  indicated. 
Asked  later  who  the  man  was,  Sir  Henry  said  he 
declared  himself  to  be  Hugh  Somerville,  twentieth 
baron  of  a  creation  of  1430,  whose  line  was  supposed 
to  have  become  extinct  with  the  death  of  Aubrey 
John,  nineteenth  Lord  Somerville,  in  1870." 

Can  any  of  your  readers  give  any  informa- 
tion as  to  who  this  Hugh  Somerville  was, 
where  he  went,  or  what  became  of  him  ] 

S.  A.  B. 

"THERE'S  NOT  A  CRIME,"  &c.— Can  you  or 
any  of  your  correspondents  kindly  tell  me 
the  name  of  the  author  and  the  poem  in 
which  the  following  lines  occur  1 — 

There 's  not  a  crime 

But  takes  its  proper  change  out — still  in  crime 
When  once  rung  on  the  counter  of  the  world. 

EVELINE  PORTSMOUTH. 

CLASSIC  AND  TRANSLATOR.— The  following 
verse  is  from  the  English  translation  of  a 
classic  author.     Wanted,  the  name  of   the 
author  and  of  the  translator:— 
There  are  only  two  secrets  a  man  cannot  keep  : 
One  when  he's  in  love,  t'other  when  he's  drunk 

deep  ; 
For  these  facts  are  so  proved  by  his  tongue  or  his 

eyes, 

That  we  see  it  more  plainly  the  more  he  denies. 
RESERVE  OF  OFFICERS. 

"RIDING  TAILOR"  AT  ASTLEY'S  IN  1815.— 
He  is  mentioned  in  an  old  diary.  Have  his 
antics  been  described  in  any  contemporary 
paper  1  L.  L.  K. 

NORTHERN  AND  SOUTHERN  PRONUNCIATION. 
— What  is  the  reason  of  the  difference  in 
speech  between  the  people  of  the  North  of 
England  and  the  people  of  the  South  ?  How 


io»s.i.JcNE23,i904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


509 


is  it  that  North-Country  people  use  the 
short  a  in  such  words  as  "ask,"  "last,' 
"pass,"  whereas  South-Country  people  use 
the  long  « ?  I  suppose  the  long  a  is  reallj 
the  correct  use.  YORK. 

ADAM  LYTTLETON,  LL.D. — I  have  a  Latin 
dictionary  of  date,  I  think,  previous  to  1690 
from  which  the  title-page  is  missing.  On 
the  fly-leaf  some  one  has  written,  "A  Die 
tionary  of  the  Latin  Tongue,  by  Adam 
Lyttleton,  LL.D."  Can  any  one  give  rue 
information  about  this  man  1  Was  he  really 
the  author,  or  only  an  editor  of  the  book ' 
I  cannot  find  any  notice  of  him  in  the  books 
I  have  consulted.  G.  PETERSEN. 

[The  'D.N.B.'  supplies  a  life.  The  date  of  the 
dictionary  is  1673.  Adam  Littleton  was  a  pre- 
bendary of  Westminster  in  1674.] 

"WAS  YOU?"  AND  "You  WAS."  — About 
what  time  and  why  did  the  custom  obtain 
of  using  "was"  with  "you"?  When  did  it 
cease?  In  "The  Trial  of  Elizabeth,  Duches; 
Dowager  of  Kingston,  for  Bigamy Pub- 
lished by  Order  of  the  House  of  Peers,"  1776, 
"  Was  you  ? :>  and  "  You  was  "  are  used  by 
peers  and  counsel,  I  think,  invariably.  In 
the  "Minutes  of  Evidence"  of  the  trial  of 
Queen  Caroline,  1820,  "Were  you?"  is  the 
form  used.  On  p.  69  I  find  :— 

"  '  Were  you  living  in  the  Ambassador's  House  ? 
'No.'  '  Was  it  during  the  time  that  you  was  sup- 
ported by  the  Ambassador ?'" 

In  the  errata,  p.  489,  is  the  following : 
"Page  69,  line  11,  for  'you  was'  read  you 
were."  The  said  "Minutes  of  Evidence"  are 
Lords'  Paper  105  of  1820. 

KOBERT  PlERPOINT. 
[See  6th  S.  iii.  287,  458 ;  vi.  397.] 

COPERNICUS  AND  THE  PLANET  MERCURY.— 
Are  there  any  real  grounds  for  supposing 
that  Copernicus  never  saw  the  planet 
Mercury  during  his  long  life,  and  that  the 
famous  astronomer's  last  moments  were 
embittered  by  the  circumstance?  The 
matter  has  again  cropped  up  during  the 
present  easterly  elongation  of  the  planet. 

J.  H.  ELGIE. 

THOMAS  NEALE  :  "  HERBERLEY."  —  The  de- 
cree of  the  Holy  Office  on  Anglican  Orders, 
dated  17  April,  1704,  speaking  of  the  "Nag's 
Head  "  story,  says : — 

^  "  Ita  accidisse  testatus  est  oculatus  testis  Thomas 
Keal  [sic],  Professor  linguae  Hebraicse  Qxonii, 
cuidam  suo  amico  Herberlei,  cum  uterque  religionis 
causa  exul  ex  patria  in  Belgio  degeret. 

The  'D.N.B.'  (xl.  136),  which  knows  nothing 
of  an  exile  in  Belgium,  says  that  Neale's  con- 
nexion with  the  "  Nag's  Head  "  story  rests  on 


the  '  De  Illustribus  Anglue  Scriptoribus '  of 
John  Pitts,  posthumously  published  in  1619. 
This  appears  to  be  an  error,  for  John  Holy- 
wood,  or  Christopherus  a  Sancto  Bosco,  tells 
the  story  on  Neale's  authority  in  his  'De 
Investigatione  verse  et  visibilis  Christi  Eccle- 
sise,'  published  in  1604,  after  which  it,  most 
unhappily  in  my  opinion,  became  a  common- 
place of  controversy.  Neither  Holy  wood 
nor  Pitts  mentions  the  exile  in  Belgium  or 
"Herberley."  Whence  is  the  statement  that 
Neale  was  in  exile  in  Belgium  derived  ?  Who 
was  "  Herberley  "  ? 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

CASPAR  WELSBACH.  —  1  possess  a  copy  of 
Luther's  Bible,  1541,  with  his  own  manuscript 
notes  and  other  interesting  items.  It  also 
contains  a  book-plate  "  stamped  "  in  from  a 
block,  with  a  coat  of  arms,  and  the  name 
"Caspar  Welsbach"  underneath.  Can  any 
one  tell  me  who  the  owner  was  ? 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 

Lancaster. 


BARNES:  'THE  DEVIL'S  CHARTER.' 
(10th  S.  i.  467.) 

IN  reply  to  MR.  C.  R.  DAWES,  I  may  say 
that  I  have  at  present  in  hand  a  reprint  of 
this  play  for  Prof.  W.  Bang's  series  of 
"Materialen  zur  Kunde  des  alteren  Eng- 
lischen  Dramas."  The  text  was  finished  last 
year,  and  the  book  will,  I  hope,  be  published 
shortly.  The  play  contains  many  difficulties, 
and  the  compilation  of  the  notes  has  necessi- 
tated a  good  deal  of  work  ;  hence  the  delay. 

The  kernel  of  the  plot  is  the  legend  of  a 
contract  entered  into  with  the  Devil  by  Pope 
Alexander  VI.,   when  a  cardinal.      This  is 
made  the  occasion  for  a  number  of  imper- 
fectly connected  scenes,  displaying  the  "faith- 
less, fearless,  and  ambitious  lives  "  of  Alexan- 
der and  his  son  Csesar  Borgia.    There  is  so 
"ittle  dramatic  unity  in  the  play  that  it  is 
m  possible  to  construct  an  "argument"  ;  but 
Dossibly  the  following  list  of  the  chief  inci- 
dents may  be  of  use.    By  the  agreement  with 
the  Devil,  A.  becomes  Pope ;  Charles  VIII. 
enters  Italy  ;  Lucretia  Borgia  murders   her 
lusband,   "Gismond    di    Viselli";    Charles 
inters    Rome  ;    Csesar    Borgia    murders  his 
brother,  the  Duke  of  Candy  ;  A.  raises  devils, 
and  learns  by  whom  the  murder  was  com- 
mitted ;   A.  poisons  Lucretia  ;   Csesar  takes 
,he  town  of  Furly  (Forli) ;  A.  poisons  Astor 
tfanfredi  and    his  brother ;    A.   and  Csesar 
ttempt  to  poison  two  cardinals,  "Cornettp 
and  Medina,"  at  a  banquet,  but  the  Devil 


510 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io»  s.  i.  JUNK  25,  wot 


enters  and  changes  the  bottles,  so  that  the 
poisoned  wine  is  drunk  by  the  would-be 
murderers  ;  A.  retires  to  his  room  ill,  and  the 
Devil  appears  to  him  ;  he  explains  that  the 
charter,  which  A.  believed  to  be  for  eighteen 
years,  was  only  for  eleven,  the  document 
being  ambiguously  worded,  and,  despite  the 
Pope's  protests,  carries  him  off  to  hell. 

The  history  is  from  Guicciardini,  but 
Barnes  shows  little  regard  for  accuracy,  and 
some  of  the  incidents,  such  as  the  murder  of 
Lucretia,  are  of  his  own  invention.  The 
legend  of  the  charter  seems  to  be  taken  from 
Widman's  Faust-book  of  1599,  though  this 
is  not  altogether  satisfactory  as  a  source. 
The  magic  is  chiefly  from  the  '  Heptameron, 
seu  Elementa  Magica '  of  Petrus  de  Abano. 
The  play  is  described,  with  a  few  extracts, 
by  Prof.  Herford  in  his  '  Literary  Kelations 
of  England  and  Germany,'  1886,  pp.  197-203. 
Extracts  from  it  were  also  printed  by  Gro- 
sart  in  his  edition  of  Barnes's  poems. 

R.  B.  McKERROw. 

In  the  '  Poetical  Register  ;  or,  the  Lives 
and  Characters  of  the  English  Poets,  with  an 
account  of  their  Writings,'  1723,  it  is  said 
that  this  tragedy  seems  to  have  been  written 
"in imitation  of  Shakespear's  'Pericles,  Prince  of 
Tyre';  which  gives  an  Account  of  the  Life  and 
Death  of  Pope  Alexander  the  Vlth.  For  as  Shake- 
spear  raises  Gower,  an  old  English  Bard,  for  his 
Introductor  in  that  Play  ;  so  this  Author  revives 
Guicciardine  for  the  same  purpose.  And  in  the  last 
Age,  as  well  as  the  present  Times,  the  Poets  fre- 
quently introduc'd  dumb  Representations,  which 
were  very  taking  with  the  Spectators."— P.  12. 

J.    HOLDEN  MACMlCHAEL. 


PASTE  (10th  S.  i.  447, 477).— Has  DR.  MURRAY 
tried  Crosse&  Black  well,"  Elizabeth  Lazenby," 
and  the  other"  makers  of  these  pastes  ? 
Bloater  paste  was  certainly  made  by  one  of 
these  firms  as  early  as  1871  or  1872,  and  the 
labels  in  use  for  the  pots  looked  (even  then) 
like  a  very  antique  style  of  lettering. 

H.  SNOWDEN  WARD. 

An  early  reference  to  the  value  of  anchovy 
as  a  food  will  be  found  in  the  following  work, 
"  Lemery  and  Hay.  A  Treatise  of  all  sorts  of 
Foods... also  of  Drinkables... how  tochuse  the 
best  sort... of  good  and  bad  effects... the 
principles  they  abound  with,  the  time,  age 
and  constitution  they  are  adapted  to,... accord 
to... Physicians  and  Naturalists  anc.  &  mod 
1745,"  8vo,  pp.  293-4.  The  name  is  here  spelt 
anchovis,  the  plural  anchoves,  Latin  apua. 

WM.  JAGGARD. 

I  cannot  quite  go  back  to  1840,  but  can 
distinctly  remember  "  anchovy  paste  "  in  the 
early  fifties.  It  was  then  sold  in  round  flat 


white  boxes  about  three  inches  in  diameter 
ginned  foods  were  not  then  invented),  and 
labelled  "anchovy  paste"  on  the  top.  I 
forget  the  name  of  the  firm,  but  surely 
DR.  MURRAY  could  find  some  record  of  it 
by  some  of  the  older  firms,  such  as 
Lazenby  or  Crosse  &  Black  well.  "Shrimp 
paste  "and  "bloater  paste"  are  certainly  of 
much  later  date,  and  are  evidently  a  copy  of 
the  old  "anchovy  paste."  In  Miss  Acton's 
'  Modern  Cookery '  (1855)  potted  anchovy  is 
spoken  of  on  p.  306  as  "  paste  " ;  and  on  p.  389 
"  currie-paste  "  is  mentioned  in  reference  to 
the  cooking  and  serving  of  anchovies. 

J.  FOSTER  PALMER. 

On  p.  116  of  Mrs.  Beeton's  'Household 
Management,'  published  1861,  is  found  a 
recipe  for  making  anchovy  paste.  There  is 
no  mention  of  this  article  of  food  in  Soyer's 
cookery  book,  written  in  1854. 

ANNIE  KATE  RANGE. 

I  can  remember  both  shrimp  and  bloater 
paste  while  at  Kensington  School  in  1837. 

G.  C.  W. 

We  can  trace  having  manufactured  anchovy 
paste  since  1835.  Probably  it  was  made  by 
the  firm  before,  but  we  have  no  record  of  an 
earlier  date.  JOHN  BURGESS  &  SON,  LTD. 

107,  Strand,  W.C. 

"  PURPLE  PATCH  "  (10th  S.  i.  447,  477).— Lord 
Macaulay,  when  working  at  the  third  volume 
of  his  '  History,'  notes  in  his  diary,  under 
25  October,  1849  :— 

"Not  quite  my  whole  [daily,  self -prescribed] 
task ;  but  I  have  a  grand  purple  patch  to  sew  on 
[the  relief  of  Londonderry],  and  I  must  take  time." 
— Trevelyan's  '  Life,'  chap.  xii. 

His  biographer,  earlier  in  the  book,  but  of 
course  later  in  actual  date,  and  perhaps 
influenced  by  his  uncle's  phrase,  says  : — 

"A pointed  story,  from  some  trumpery  memoir 
of  the  last  century,  and  retold  in  his  own  words,  a 
purple  patch  fromsome  third-rate  sermon  orpolitical 
treatise,  woven  into  the  glittering  fabric  of  his 
talk " 

I  have  had  the  impression  that  the  vogue 
which  of  late  years  has  been  gained  by  the 
phrase  in  journalistic  writing  dated  from  the 
publication  of  Macaulay's  '  Life  and  Letters.' 
Needless  to  say  Macaulay  was  appropriating 
Horace.  H.  J.  FOSTER. 

This   is,   of    course,   Horace's  "purpureus 

Sannus,"  as  noted  by  your  correspondents, 
ut  the  adjective  denotes  not  only  the  colour 
which  we  call  "  purple,"  but  any  bright  colour, 
especially  scarlet.  It  also  means  dazzling 
white,  as  applied  to  swans,  and  I  think  to 
lilies.  Hence  "bright  patch"  would  be  a 
better  rendering.  C.  S.  JERRAM. 


s.  i.  JUNE  25, 1904.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


511 


It  is  perhaps  of  interest  to  add  that  the 
phrase  "patchwork  poets,"  followed  by  the 
quotation  from  Horace's  'Ars  Poetica,'  11.  15, 
16,  occurs  in  the  Guardian,  No.  149,  of  1  Sep- 
tember, 1713.  The  essay  is  ascribed  to  John 
Gay,  the  poet;  see  'The  British  Essayists,' 
vol.  xvi.  p.  xxii,  vol.  xviii.  p.  vi.  H.  C. 

"  OUR  LADY  OF  THE  SNOWS  "  (10th  S.  i.  246, 
311,  392). — The  second  line  of  the  saying  used 
by  children  in  Yorkshire,  when  running  out 
of  doors  to  catch  some  of  the  first  flakes  of 
snow  beginning  to  fall,  as  quoted  by  MR.  ADDY 
at  the  last  reference,  viz.,  "  Hally,  Hally 
Blaster,"  simply  means  alabaster,  in  allusion 
to  the  whiteness  of  the  snow,  and,  in  my 
opinion,  has  nothing  to  do  with  "  the  German 
Holle,"  nor  with  "Blaster,  the  spirit  of  the 
air."  An  old  woman  residing  some  twenty  or 
thirty  miles  from  London,  in  Kent,  known  to 
our  family  many  years  ago,  was  accustomed 
to  speak  of  "  alabaster  "  as  "  hally blaster," 
and  of  anything  covered  with  enamel  as 
"  animalled  all  over."  W.  I.  R.  V. 

FETTIPLACE  (10th  S.  i.  329,  396,  473).— There 
are  some  beautiful  monuments  and  crosses  to 
the  Fettiplace  family  in  the  parish  church  of 
Swinbrook,  Oxfordshire.  I  saw  them  some 
years  ago,  and  was  much  struck  by  them. 
Six  members  of  the  family  are  represented  in 
effigy,  each  resting  on  a  marble  shelf  in  a 
recumbent  posture,  leaning  on  his  elbow. 
They  are : — 

1.  Sir    Alexander    Fettiplace,    who    died 
10  September,  1504. 

2.  William  Fettiplace,  died  1562. 

3.  Sir  Edmund  Fettiplace,  died  1613,  who 
caused  this  portion  of  the  tomb  (or  perhaps 
the  whole  or  it,  leaving  blank  shelves  for  his 
successors)  to  be  built.    The  occupants  of  the 
remaining  shelves  Ihavenoted  as  Sir  Edmund, 
Sir  John,  and  an  untitled   member  of  the 
family.    Of  the  last  three  figures  one  is  in  a 
costume  of  the  time  of  the  Commonwealth, 
and  the  others  wear  large  Ramilies  perukes. 
The  Sir  John  is  probably  the  first  Baronet  of 
Childrey  and  Swinbrook,  created  "in  con- 
sideration of  services  and  sufferings  for  King 
Charles  I,"  30  March,  1661. 

In  addition  to  this  fine  tomb  there  are  in 
the  church  two  interesting  brasses  relating 
to  the  same  family.  One  has  a  knight  and 
two  ladies,  with  four  female  children  facing 
each  other  below  the  principal  figures.  The 
coats  of  arms  on  this  brass  are  all  blank 
except  one  which  bears  the  Fettiplace 
cognizance,  Gules,  two  chevronels  argent.  The 
other  and  earlier  brass  is  very  interesting  ;  it 
has  a  knight  in  chain  hauberk  and  greaves  of 
plate,  his  head  resting  on  a  fine  helmet  with 


crest.  He  is  clad  in  a  surcoat  or  tabard,  the 
two  chevronels  of  the  arms  on  the  breast  and 
on  the  two  wings  over  the  shoulders.  Below 
is  the  following  distich  :  "  of  yr  charitie  pray 
for  ye  soule  of  Antonne  Fettiplace  Esquire 
which  decessed  the  xxm  day  of  December 
in  ye  yeare  of  our  Lord  god  MCCCCC.  on  whose 
soule  Thee  have  mercy  A[men]."  Besides  the 
Fettiplace  arms  on  this  brass,  there  is  another 
coat  bearing  Quarterly,  1  and  4,  two  ribbons ; 
2  and  3,  a  fret,  a  chief  charged  with  three  roses. 
Hung  up  on  one  of  the  walls  of  the  church 
is  a  fine  shield  in  an  elaborate  scroll  border, 
bearing  Barry  of  six,  on  a  chief  three  stars, 
impaling  the  arms  of  Fettiplace.  The 
peculiarity  of  this  coat  is  that  it  is  elaborately 
stitched  in  gold,  though  no  other  tinctures  are 
now  visible.  The  arms  may  possibly  be  those 
of  some  husband  of  a  Fettiplace  lady.  There 
is  a  good  deal  of  heraldry  on  the  monument 
itself,  consisting  of  the  arms  of  the  various 
wives  of  the  persons  represented  ;  but  from 
considerations  of  space  I  forbear  to  mention 
them.  The  last  holder  of  the  baronetcy  was 
Sir  George  Fettiplace,  who  was  buried  at 
Swinbrook  21  April,  1743,  when  the  title 
became  extinct.  The  family  left  from  time 
to  time  large  endowments  to  the  parish, 
which  are  still,  I  am  informed,  in  active 
operation,  and  form  a  temptation  to  people 
to  reside  in  the  parish.  The  last  baronet  is 
said  to  have  had  an  estate  worth  5,000£.  a  year, 
and  to  have  left  100,000^.  in  money.  Of  his 
five  sisters  Diana  married  Robert  Bushel,  of 
Cleve  Fryer,  co.  Worcester,  and  was  mother 
of  Charles  Bushel,  who  in  1743  inherited  the 
estate  of  Childrey  and  took  the  name  of 
Fettiplace,  and  died  17  October,  1764,  leaving 
two  sons  who  both  died  s.p.,  when  the  estates 
passed  to  his  grandson,  Richard  Gorges,  who 
also  took  the  name  of  Fettiplace,  but  died  s.p. 
21  May,  1806,  in  his  forty-eighth  year,  the 
estates  passing  to  his  seven  sisters. 

J.  B.  P. 

May  I  be  allowed  very  gratefully  to  thank 
the  correspondents  who,  at  the  last  reference, 
have  supplied  me  with  the  answer  to  my 
query  ?  Had  I  looked  for  Bray,  I  should,  of 
course,  have  found  where  Ock  wells  Manor 
was.  MR.  FYNMORE  says :  "  The  house,  it  is 
believed,  was  erected  by  a  Norreys  in  the 
reign  of  Henry  VI."  I  am  now  able  to  add 
the  following,  which  I  have  culled  from  the 
'  National  Gazetteer,'  under  '  Bray  ' : — 

"In  this  parish  is  the  curious  old  manor  house 
of  Ockholt,  or  Ock  wells,  built  by  John  Norreys  in 
the  latter  half  of  the  fifteenth  century,  and  long  the 
seat  of  his  descendants." 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 


512 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io«»  s.  i.  JUKE  25,  IDM. 


ALAKE  (10th  S.  i.  468).— This  has  nothing 
to  do  with  Alexander  or  Melech.  In  the 
language  spoken  by  the  Akus  or  Egbas  (for 
the  inhabitants  of  Abeokuta  are  known  by 
both  these  names)  Alake  means  "  Lord  of 
Ake."  Al  is  a  possessive  prefix,  and  Ake 
(two  syllables)  is  a  proper  name,  that  of  the 
head  town  or  village  of  the  group  known 
collectively  as  Abeokuta.  For  the  early 
history  of  Egba-land  and  its  metropolis  see 
the  late  Sir  R.  F.  Burton's  '  Abeokuta  and 
the  Camaroons  Mountains,'  1863. 

JAMES  PLATT,  Jun. 

GENEALOGY  :  NEW  SOURCES  (10th  S.  i.  187, 
218,  258,  396).— I  shall  be  glad  if  MR.  GERALD 
MARSHALL  will  kindly  inform  me  where  and 
how  the  Admiralty  Bill  Books  of  the  seven- 
teenth and  eighteenth  centuries  may  be 
seen.  G.  B. 

'THE  YONG  SOULDIER'  (10th  S.  i.  428, 477).— 
MR.  FYNMORE  quotes  an  error  made  by  me 
which  occurs  in  the  first  edition  of  my  'Army 
Lists  of  Roundheads  and  Cavaliers.'  How  I 
came  to  fall  into  it  I  cannot  explain,  but  so 
it  is  that  I  made  the  blunder  of  confounding 
John  Rainsford  with  Thomas  Rainborowe, 
the  Parliamentarian  officer  who  was  mur- 
dered at  Doncaster,  29  October,  1648.  An 
account  of  this  latter  person,  communicated 
by  me,  appears  in  Archceologia,  vol.  xlvi.  p.  9. 
EDWARD  PEACOCK. 

KING  JOHN'S  CHARTERS  (10th  S.  i.  469).— 
The  places  which  W.  I.  seeks  to  identify 
must  be  looked  for  on  the  other  side  of  the 
Channel : — 

Vallis  Rodol[li]  is  Vaudreuil,  on  the  Eure. 

Castrum  de  Vir,  the  castle  of  Vire,  a  town 
in  the  south-west  of  Normandy,  towards  the 
frontier  of  Maine. 

Bonavilla  super  Tokam,  Bonneville  on  the 
Touques.  S.  G.  HAMILTON. 

"  HUMANUM  EST  ERRARE  "  (10th  S.  i.  389).— 

The  philosophy  which  is  summed  up  in  this 
maxim  is  a  commonplace  of  the  Greek  and 
Latin  literatures,  occurring  in  various  forms 
through  the  different  centuries.  Thence  it 
passed,  as  has  so  frequently  been  the  case 
with  proverbial  sayings,  into  the  European 
literatures,  where  it  has  become  widely  and 
endurmgly  domesticated.  I  have  noted  a 
large  number  of  examples  for  my  forthcoming 
Dictionary  of  Phrases,  &c.,'  and  add  here 
a  selection  from  the  Greek  and  Latin  speci- 
mens arranged  chronologically,  to  illustrate 
tne  trequency  of  its  occurrence,  and  some 
the  various  verbal  forms  which  it  has 
assumed.  So  far  I  have  failed  to  trace  an 


earlier  "  origin  "  than  A.D.  1745  (Melchior  de 
Polignac)  for  the  precise  Latinized  form  in 
which  the  maxim  is  now  current  in  England, 
though  "  Errasse  humanum  est  "  of  St.  Jerome 
is  probably  the  real  source. 

dfji.apT(i)Xal....fV  dvOpuwouriv  eVovrcu 
—  Theognis,  v.  327-8. 

yap 


TOIS  Tracri  KOIVOV  eari  T 

Sophocles,  '  Antigone,'  1023-4  (said  by  Teiresias). 

dfj.apTflv  €i/cos  dvOpwirovs. 
Euripides,  '  Hippolytus,'  615  (the  Nurse). 

TO  yap  dfj.apTa.vfiv,  dvdpdaTrovs  6'vras,  ovSev, 
oTaai,  6av/j.aa-Tov.  —  Xenophon,  '  Cyropjedia,'  V. 
iv.  19.  ^ 

/z^Sfv  d/j,apTfiv  eort  6e(t>v.  —  Demosthenes, 
'  De  Corona,'  V.  ix.  §  289  (in  the  epigram  on  the 
Greeks  who  fell  at  Chseronea). 

av8p<j)iros  wv  rjfj.apTOV  ov  Oavpa&Tfov.  —  • 
Menander,  Fragm.  499,  Kock. 

Censen'  hominem  me  esse  ?  erravi.  —  Terence, 
'  Adelphi,'  IV.  ii.  40  (Demea). 

...possum  falli,  ut  homo.—  Cicero,  'Ad  Atticum,* 
xiii.  21,  5. 

Cujusvis  hominis  est  errare,  nullius  nisi  insipi- 
entis  in  errore  perseverare.  —  Cicero,  '  Philippics,' 
xii.  2,  5.  (The  thought  is  also  contained  in  his  '  De 
Invent.,'  ii.  3,  9:  "  JNon  enim  parum  cognosse,  sed 
in  parum  cognito  diu  et  stulte  perseverasse  turpe 
est.") 

Per  humanos,  inquit,  errores.  —  Seneca  (Rhetor), 
'  Excerpta  ex  Controversiis,'  IV.  iii. 

Nemo  nostrum  non  peccat.  Homines  sumus,  non 
dei.  —  Petronius,  'Satyricon,'  cap.  75. 

Fateor  me,  domina,  saepe  pecasse  ;  nam  et  homo 
sum  et  adhuc  juvenis.  —  Ibid.,  cap.  130. 

...ut...breviter  amplectar,  homo  sum.  —  Pliny 
(Secundus),  'Epistolse,'  V.  iii.  2. 

r]yciTOt  dvOpwirwv  fj.ev  fivai  TO 
.  —  Lucian,  '  Demon.,'  7. 

Peccare  enim  hominis  est,  insidias  tenders 
diabqli.—  Jerome,  '  Adv.  Ruf.,'  iii.  33  (col.  560  Vail.). 

...si  errasti,  ut  homo.  —  Ibid.,  iii.  36  (col.  568  V.). 

...errasse  humanum  eat,  et  confiteri  errorem 
prudentis.—  Jerome,  '  Epistolse,'  Ivii.  12. 

Errare  humanum  est.  —  Melchior  de  Polignac, 
1  Anti-Lucretius  '  (pub.  A.D.  1745),  v.  58. 

Examples  from  English  and  continental 
literature  could  be  multiplied  almost  indefi- 
nitely :  two  of  the  most  famous  may  be 
given  here  :  — 

To  err  is  human  ;  to  forgive,  divine. 

Pope,  '  Essay  on  Criticism,'  Pt.  II.  325. 
Es  irrt  der  Mensch,  so  lang'  er  strebt. 

Goethe,  '  Faust  :  Prologue  in  Heaven.' 

I  should  be  very  grateful  to  E.  W.  B.  if  he 
could  supply  the  precise  words  of,  and  refer- 
ence to,  the  example  he  has  found  in  the 
letters  of  Severus  of  Antioch. 

WM.  SWAN  SONNENSCHEIN. 

[MR.  CIIR.  WATSON  also  sends  the  reference  to 
Cicero's  '  Philippics.'] 


ws.LJrsE25.i9M.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


513 


LINKS  WITH  THE  PAST  (10th  S.  i.  325,  414).— 
To  the  note  concerning  Lady  Burdett-Coutts 
at  the  former  reference,  the  following  extract 
from  the  Standard  of  22  April,  recording  the 
celebration  of  that  venerable  lady's  ninetieth 
birthday,  should  be  added  as  promising  to  be 
of  special  interest  in  any  future  enumeration 
of  "  links  with  the  past "  : — 

"  The  Baroness  Burdett-Coutts  was  the  recipient 
of  hearty  congratulations  from  a  very  wide  circle  of 
friends.  Her  table  at  the  luncheon  was  decorated 
with  baskets  of  flowers  received  from  her  friends 
and  employes,  but  the  most  interesting  gift  was  an 
offering  of  magnificent  La  France  roses  from  '  the 
youngest  Baroness  to  the  oldest  Baroness,'  brought 
in  person  by  the  Baroness  Clifton  (daughter  of  the 
late  Earl  of  Darnley),  who  has  just  turned  four 
years  of  age." 

For  the  sake  of  precision,  it  is  to  be  added 
that  "  the  oldest  baroness  "  was  born  21  April, 
1814,  and  "the  youngest  baroness"  22  Jan., 
1900.  ALFRED  F.  ROBBINS. 

LATIN  FOR  "ROPING"  A  HORSE  (10th  S.  i. 
448). — A  laqueus  among  the  Romans  was  a 
lasso  or  snare  by  which  wild  animals,  game, 
&c.,  were  caught  by  the  neck  : — 

Turn  laqueis  captare  feras  et  fallere  visco 
Inventum,  et  magnos  canibus  circumdare  saltus. 
Virg.,  Georg.  I.,  11.  139-40. 
J.   HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

WILLIAM  PECK  (10th  S.  i.  348,  434).— See 
3r  l  S.  v.  434,  507. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

AINOO  AND  BASKISH  (10th  S.  i.  264,  297, 
432). — RED  CROSS  may  be  interested  to  know 
that  I  met  in  Gottingen  last  November  a  son 
of  Dr.  J.  Campbell,  who  told  me  that  "  the 
learned  author  is  still  living."  I  have  never 
read  the  book  in  question,  but  heard  of  it 
from  Mr.  W.  Webster  in  1888.  The  com- 
parative philologist  ought  to  travel  with  a 
phonograph  all  over  the  world  when  neither 
too  old  nor  too  young,  and  to  dp  so  rapidly, 
so  that  his  impressions  as  to  similarities,  <fcc., 
may  not  fade  before  they  are  utilized. 

E.  S.  DODGSON. 

I  shall  feel  very  grateful  if  RED  CROSS  will 
kindly  give  me  the  extracts  he  speaks  of 
upon  the  above  subject. 

(Miss)  A.  H.  LONG. 

Woodfield,  Kilcavan,  King's  Co. 

BARBERS  (10th  S.  i.  290,  375).— My  friend 
MR.  ANDREWS  will  find  several  excellent  poems 
on  barbers  in  the  '  Poetical  Register '  for 
1810-11,  published  by  F.  C.  &  J.  Rivington  in 
1814.  CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D. 

Bradford. 

Many  paragraphs  have  appeared  in  'N.  &,  Q.' 
under  the  head  of  women  and  lady  barbers, 


from  which  MR.  ANDREWS  may  obtain  some 
information.     See  7th  S.  xi.,  xii. ;  8th  S.  v. 

EVERARD  HOME  GOLEM  AN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 

ALEXANDER  PENNECUIK,  GENT.  (10th  S.  i. 
386). — I  have  a  copy  of  the  second  edition 
of  'The  Historical  Account  of  the  Blue 
Blanket ;  or,  Craftsmen's  Banner,'  Edin- 
burgh, 1780,  in  which  the  publisher  states 
that  the  author  was  "a  burgess  and  guild 
brother  in  the  Good  Town,"  but  does  not  say 
to  which  of  the  incorporations  he  belonged. 
These  were— Surgeons,  Goldsmiths,  Skinners, 
Furriers,  Hammermen,  Wrights,  Masonsr 
Tailors,  Baxters,  Fleshers,  Cordiners,  Web- 
sters,  Waulkers,  Bonnetmakers.  The  author's 
11  Epistle  Dedicatory  to  the  Craftsmen  of  the 
Fourteen  Incorporations"  is  dated  "Edin- 
burgh, August  1,  1722."  Was  he  related  to- 
Alexander  Pennecuik,  M.D.,  the  author  of  a 
'  Description  of  the  Shire  of  Tweeddale : 
with  a  Collection  of  Select  Scottish  Poems/ 
Edinburgh,  J.  Moncur,  1715?  This  Dr. 
Pennecuik  seems  to  have  been  a  son  of  Alex- 
ander Pennecuik  of  Newhall,  Midlothian, 
who  was  a  surgeon  in  the  Scots  army  in 
1644.  In  '  The  Domestic  Annals  of  Scotland7 
an  account  is  given  of  a  fierce  fight  between 
two  bands  of  gipsies  at  Romanno  in  1677, 
and  we  are  told  that  soon  after  it  took  place 
the  laird  of  Romanno,  "a  quaint  physician 
named  Pennecuik,  who  wrote  verses,"  erected 
a  pigeon-house  on  the  scene  of  the  conflict, 
and  placed  the  following  inscription  over 
the  door : — 

The  field  of  gipsy  blood  which  here  you  see 
A  shelter  for  the  harmless  dove  shall  be. 

W.  S. 

THE  CHESHIRE  CAT  IN  AMERICA  (10th  S.  i. 
365). — Several  explanations  have  been  offered 
of  the  proverbial  phrase  "to  grin  like  a 
Cheshire  cat."  At  least  three  distinct  origins 
are  claimed  for  it,  one  of  which  is  that  cheese 
was  formerly  sold  in  Cheshire  moulded  like 
a  cat,  the  allusion  being  to  this  grinning 
cheese-cat  (1st  S.  ii.  377,  412).  No  evidence, 
however,  is  forthcoming  that  this  cheese- 
formed  cat  was  really  represented  with  a 
grin,  or  what  might  have  been  mistaken  for 
one,  such  as  is  depicted  in  '  Alice  in  Wonder- 
land.' In  Holland's  'Cheshire  Glossary'  it 
is  claimed  that  the  grin  of  the  wolf  in  the 
arms  of  the  Earls  of  Chester  is  unmistak- 
able, and  that  the  frequent  occurrence  of 
these  arms  in  Cheshire  might  have  suggested 
the  saying,  "as  the  wolf's  head  might  easily 
have  been  mistaken  for  that  of  a  cat."  But 
the  resemblance  between  a  wolf's  head  and  a 
cat's  head  is  hardly  so  obvious  as  to  render 


514 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io'"s. I.JUNE 25,1904. 


this  deduction  perfectly  satisfactory.  The 
affinity  between  the  wolf  and  the  dog, 
indeed,  would  in  this  case  suggest  that  a 
better  rendering  of  the  proverb  would  be 
"  to  grin  like  a  Cheshire  dog."  Then,  again, 
it  is  thought  to  be  from  the  lion  rampant, 
the  crest  of  an  influential  family  in  Cheshire, 
or  rather  in  a  particular  district  of  the 
county,  where  it  adorned  the  alehouse  sign- 
board, but  where  it  was  so  unskilfully 
executed  as  to  be  mistaken  for  a  grinning 
cat.  This  is  nearer  the  mark  ;  but  I  venture 
to  offer  the  following  as  the  true  explanation. 
Both  the  lion  and  the  leopard  when 
they  occurred  in  signboard  art  were  vul- 

Eirly  spoken  of  as  the  "Cat."  The  "Blue 
ion,"  for  instance,  was  the  "  Blue  Cat." 
Cat's  Head  Court,  in  Westminster,  derived 
its  name,  probably,  from  the  leopard's  head 
of  the  Company  of  Goldsmiths ;  and  a 
correspondent  of  'N.  &  Q.'  (1st  S.  v.  402) 
says  that  in  the  village  of  Charlton,  Wilt- 
shire, a  roadside  alehouse  was  commonly 
known  as  the  "Cat  at  Charlton,"  the  sign 
having  been  originally  "a  lion  or  tiger,  or 
some  such  animal,  the  crest  of  Sir  Edward 
Poore."  Now  the  city  of  Chester  impales 
for  its  arms  the  lions  of  England  with  the 
arms  of  the  earldom  of  Chester,  the  latter 
being  Azure,  three  garbs  or.  These  lions  are 
blazoned  passant  guardant,  in  which  posi- 
tion, the  old  armorists  say,  the  lion  should 
be  described  as  a  leopard.  The  leopard,  of 
oourse,  belongs  to  the  cat  tribe,  and  is,  in 
reality,  of  the  same  family  with  the  cat ;  and 
it  is  this  affronte  or  full-faced  attitude  of  the 
leopard,  as  distinct  from  both  the  statant 
and  the  passant  position,  that,  I  think,  pro- 
bably suggested  the  "grinning"  part  of  the 
proverb,  and  this  because  the  mouth  of  the 
lion  or  leopard  is  generally  represented  by 
heraldic  carvers  and  artists  with  a  curve 
upwards  at  each  extremity.  The  leopard's 
head  is  sometimes,  I  believe,  represented  in 
the  arms  of  the  county  also  ;  but  I  think 
Mr.  Fox-Davies,  in  his  'Book  of  Public 
Arms,'  says  that,  properly  speaking,  the 
County  Palatine  of  Chester  has  no  armorial 
bearings.  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

"SAL  ET  SALIVA"  (10th  S.  i.  368,  431).— MR. 
S.  O.  ADDY  remarks  with  reference  to  his 
quotation  from  'Corpus  Poeticurn  Boreale,' 

Hence  it  is  probable  that  salt  also  was  used 
as  a  charm."  Both  salt  and  spittle  have  an 
old-world  and  widespread  reputation  as 
potent  protectors  against  the  evil  eye.  Salt 
in  baptism  has  always  been  popularly  held 
tn  Italy  and  other  Roman  Catholic  countries 
to  be  put  into  the  child's  mouth  to  make 


him  spit  out  the  Devil.  This  is  in  agreement 
with  the  more  refined  explanations  of  some 
of  your  correspondents.  That  salt  is  used  as 
a  distinctly  avowed  prophylactic  charm  is 
certain.  At  the  Espositione  Agricola  at 
Palermo  in  1903  there  was  a  room  set  apart 
for  the  display  of  a  collection  made  by  Dr. 
Giuseppe  Pitre  of  objects  in  illustration  of 
Sicilian  folk  -  lore.  Amongst  these  several 
were  separately  numbered,  and  specially 
attached  to  a  board  marked  "contro  la 
jettatura,;I  each  of  which  was  to  be  worn  on 
the  person.  No.  6  was  labelled  "Sacchetto 
di  Sale." 

In  vols.  ii.,  iii.,  and  iv.  of  his  book  '  Usi  e 
Costumi,  Credenze  e  Pregiudici  del  Popolo 
Siciliano,'  my  friend  Dr.  Pitre  refers  to  no 
fewer  than  twenty-one  different  uses  of  sale 
as  a  charm  and  prophylactic :  e.g.,  thrown 
after  the  bridal  pair  (p.  73),  as  we  do  ;  and  in 
this  connexion  it  is  symbolo  di  sapienza,  &c. 
Before  a  birth  the  woman  places  a  little  salt 
in  the  doorway,  and  then  watches  who  first 
enters.  If  a  man,  the  child  will  be  a  male ; 
if  a  woman,  a  female  (p.  122).  To  note  all 
the  allusions  to  salt  in  relation  to  unbaptized 
infants  (iv.  30) ;  to  the  dread  of  it  by  witches 
at  their  banquets ;  and ,  still  more,  to  their 
dread  of  garlic  (aglio),  both  of  which  are 
said  to  have  "  forza  contro  le  maliarde  e  le 
malie"  (p.  110),  would  occupy  too  much  of 
your  space ;  but  the  book  is  full  of  interest 
and  a  perfect  mine  of  folk-lore. 

On  the  virtue  of  saliva  and  the  act  of 
spitting  very  much  has  been  written,  while 
fresh  facts  keep  on  coming  to  light  from  all 
over  the  world ;  but  as  a  protection  against 
witchcraft  of  all  kinds,  and  also  as  a  curative 
charm  for  certain  ailments,  fasting  spittle 
has  always  been  held  in  the  highest  repute. 
Saliva  and  the  chrism  must,  according  to 
the  rubrics,  be  applied  by  the  thumb  in 
baptism,  yet  even  to-day  it  is  held  here  by 
old  nurses  and  mid  wives  that  spittle  or  oint- 
ment must  always  be  applied  by  the  middle 
finger  (digitus  inedicus\  or  it  will  poison  the 
wound.  F.  T.  ELWORTHY. 

Wellington,  Somerset. 

STORMING  OP  FORT  MORO  (10th  S.  i.  448).— 
Richard  Cannon's  '  Historical  Records '  of 
the  several  regiments  which  were  engaged 
on  that  service  should  be  consulted  for  parti- 
culars. I  have  only  a  few  volumes  of  his 
work,  and  they  do  not  include  the  '  Records ' 
of  the  56th  Regiment ;  but  I  quote  the 
following  from  the  'Records'  of  the  15th 
Foot  :— 

"The  regiment  was  attached  to  the  armament 
under  General  the  Earl  of  Albemarle,  destined  to 
attack  the  valuable  settlement  of  the  Havannah, 


M*s.i.jc.N-E25,i9oi.]        NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


515 


on  the  island  of  Cuba.  Passing  through  the 
Straits  of  Bahama,  the  expedition  arrived  within 
six  leagues  of  the  Havaunah  on  the  Gth  of  June  ;  a 
landing  was  effected  on  the  following  day  :  and  on 
the  9th  the  troops  took  up  a  position  between 
Coximar  and  the  Moro,  a  fort  which  it  was 
deemed  necessary  to  besiege  and  capture  before  an 
attack  was  made  on  the  town.  In  this  service 
great  hardships  had  to  be  endured;  a  thin  soil, 
hardly  sufficient  to  cover  the  troops  in  their 
approaches,  a  scarcity  of  water,  and  the  labour  of 
dragging  the  artillery  several  miles  over  a  rocky 
country  and  under  a  burning  sun,  called  forth  the 
efforts  of  the  army  and  navy.  The  works  were 
carried  on,  the  sallies  of  the  enemy  were  repulsed, 
and  the  Moro  fort  was  captured  by  storm  on  the 
30th  of  July.  A  series  of  batteries  were  erected 
against  the  town  ;  and  on  the  llth  of  August  they 
opened  so  well-directed  a  fire  that  the  guns  of  the 
garrison  were  silenced,  and  flags  of  truce  were 
hung  out  from  the  town  and  ships  in  the  harbour. 

: The  regiment  lost  a   number  of  men  on  this 

important  service  :  Lieut.  Skene  was  among  the 
killed  ;  Capt.  Tyrwhitt  and  Lieut.  Winter  died 
from  the  effects  of  climate.  After  the  capture  of 
the  Havannah  the  regiment  was  stationed  at  that 
place  eleven  months." 

I  have  Army  Lists  of  1756  and  1777,  but 
cannot  find  "  Wiggins  "  or  "  O'Higgins  "  in 
either.  W.  S. 

COLLINS  (10th  S.  i.  329,  398).  —  Bardsley's 
'  Dictionary  of  English  and  Welsh  Surnames ' 
(1901),  p.  196,  says  Collins  means  the  son  of 
Nicholas,  and  the  volume  gives  a  list  of  the 
name  distributed  through  England  from  1273 
to  a  recent  period. 

If  MR.  JACKSON  consults  the  British 
Museum  Catalogue,  he  will  find  there  are  no 
fewer  than  220  authors  named  Collins,  and 
twenty-five  of  the  name  appear  in  the  '  Dic- 
tionary of  National  Biography.' 

I  have  no  means  of  ascertaining  how 
many  Collinses  there  are  in  England",  Scot- 
land, and  America;  but  we  are  not  alto- 
gether left  in  the  cold  in  Ireland,  for  we  see 
by  Mr.  Matheson's  report  on  'Surnames  in 
Ireland '  (Dublin,  1894)  there  were  15,600 
Collinses  in  Ireland  when  the  census  was 
taken  in  1891,  and  they  are  distributed 
through  the  four  provinces  of  Ireland. 

PATRICK. 
Dublin. 

"BARRAR"  (10th  S.  i.  349,  434,  478).— On 
my  purchasing  in  North  Tawton,  Devon, 
some  coarse  (hempen?)  canvas  or  sacking,  it 
was  described  to  me  in  the  shop  and  after- 
wards by  farm-folk  as  barms.  I  was  the 
more  struck  by  the  word,  as  my  purpose  was 
to  size  and  paint  on  the  material,  and  use  it 
by  way  of  arras  to  veil  a  disfigured  wall ; 
and  I  still  wonder  what,  if  any,  is  the 
connexion  between  the  terms.  The  true 
tapestry  we  know  took  its  name  from  the 


town  where  it  was  produced  in  the  province 
of  Artois,  now  Pas  de  Calais. 

ETHEL  LEGA-WEEKES. 

BUILDING  CUSTOMS  AND  FOLK-LORE  (10th  S. 
i.  407).  —  Probably  the  different  types  of 
cottages  in  the  counties  are  to  be  accounted 
for  in  the  varying  material  ready  at  hand  for 
building  purposes  rather  than  in  racial 
divergences,  as  in  some  counties  flint 
abounds,  in  some  timber,  and  in  others  stone, 
<fec.  See  Thos.  Hudson  Turner's  '  Domestic 
Architecture  in  England,'  part  ii.  of  the  period 
from  Kichard  II.  to  Henry  VIII.,  pp.  21-3  ; 
'  Homes  of  Other  Days,'  by  Thomas  Wright, 
F.S.A. ;  '  The  Evolution  of  the  English  House,' 
by  Sidney  O.  Addy,  M.A.,  1898;  and  the 
Leisure  Hour,  February,  1884,  'Home  Life 
in  the  Olden  Time.; 

J.    HOLDEN   MACMlCHAEL. 

An  Arab  and  Turkish  custom  is  to  kill  a 
sheep  accompanied  by  prayer  at  the  com- 
mencement or  completion  of  the  building. 

EVERARD   HOME   COLEMAN. 
71,  Brecknock  Road. 
[E.  L.-W.  also  recommends  Mr.  Addy's  book.] 

BEADNELL  FAMILY  (9th  S.  xii.  469  ;  10th  S.  i. 
17). — In  Highgate  Cemetery  is  a  monument 
to  the  memory  of  the  Beadnell  family,  with 
crest,  arms,  and  motto,  but  no  date.    The 
motto  is  "  Nee  Timide  Nee  Temere,"  and  the 
inscription  as  follows  : — 
This  catacomb  contains  the  mortal  remains  of 
Mary  Ann  Beadnell, 

John  Beadnell, 

Elizabeth  Beadnell, 

John  Beadnell, 

Elizabeth  Earle, 

Charlotte  Armie. 

It  is  regrettable  that  no  date  of  any  descrip- 
tion is  on  this  tombstone. 

CHAS.  F.  FORSHAW,  LL.D.,  F.R.S.A.L 
Baltimore  House,  Bradford. 

"SANGUIS":  ITS  DERIVATION  (10th  S.  i. 
462). — Surely  the  word  sanguis  comes  from 
the  root  sag,  sak.  It  is  probably  connected 
with  ungere,  sucus,  snjere,  and  with  our  own 
word  sap.  Af/xa  is  generally  referred  to  a 
root  sa,  to  scatter  or  sift ;  cf.  o-a-w,  to  sift. 
Sa  appears  as  si  in  afjuoc,  which  seems  to 
represent  an  I.E.  form  *sai-mant,  damp. 
Cf.  Vani9ek,  vol.  ii.  p.  976. 

H.  A.  STRONG. 

NATALESE  (10th  S.  i.  446).— In  commending 
this  word  as  a  designation  of  the  inhabitants 
of  Natal,  H.  2  seems  to  overlook  the  merits 
of  its  alternative,  Natalians.  To  me  it  seems 
the  big  battalions  are  on  the  side  of  the  latter 
term,  unless  mental  associations  and  etymo- 


516 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [10*  s.  i.  JUNE  25,  im 


logy  are  to  count  for  nought  in  the  matter. 
It  consorts  well  with  Australian,  Canadian, 
Rhodesian,  and  with  the  names  of  many 
powerful  nations  occupying  large  territories 
either  at  the  present  time  or  in  the  past, 
such  as  the  Russians,  Egyptians,  Persians, 
Germans,  Romans.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
suffix  -ese  is  associated  in  English  mostly  with 
peoples  who  have  played  a  comparatively 
inconspicuous  role  in  the  world's  history,  if 
we  except  the  Chinese,  Japanese,  and  perhaps 
the  Portuguese.  This  may  be  exemplified 
by  the  Navarrese,  Maltese,  Tyrolese,  Pied- 
montese,  Aragonese,  Burmese,  and  Cingalese, 
as  well  as  by  such  civic  names  as  Genoese, 
Viennese,  and  Milanese— the  addition  of  a 
final  s  for  the  plural  of  which,  by  the  way, 
ceased  a  couple  of  centuries  ago.  From  its 
use,  too,  in  connexion  with  the  language  of 
various  uncivilized  races,  this  termination 
has  a  pejorative  tendency,  as  one  notices  in 
the  depreciatory  significance  of  journalese, 
Carlylese,  and  so  on.  Finally,  on  etymo- 
logical grounds  Natalese  is  open  to  objec- 
tion. As  Natal  was  so  called  by  Vasco  de 
Gama  from  its  discovery  on  Christmas  Day, 
1497,  the  Latin  origin  is  clear.  But  the 
addition  of  the  Romanic  suffix  -ese  would 
imply  an  unknown  Latin  natalensis,  belong- 
ing to  a  birthday,  just  as  Australese  would 
imply  an  aiistralensis.  This  would  be,  per- 
haps, an  argument  of  small  weight,  did  there 
not  exist  the  alternative,  Natalians,  which 
has  the  advantage  of  being  historically 
significant  not  only  from  the  discovery  of 
the  country,  but  also  from  its  occupation  by 
the  Boers.  On  such  grounds,  therefore,  ft 
appears  that  "Natalese"  might  well  be 
consigned  to  oblivion.  J.  DORMER. 

Here  are  some  names  of  the  sort  for  which 
H.  2  asks  -.—Bernese,  Bolognese,  Genoese, 
Maltese,  Milanese,  Piedmontese,  Siennese, 
Tyrolese,  Veronese,  Viennese.  I  suppose 
Livornese  and  Ticinese  are  not  yet  English. 
JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

INSCRIPTIONS  ON  PUBLIC  BUILDINGS  (10th  S. 
i.  448).— Consult  'House  Mottoes  and  Inscrip- 
tions, Old  and  New,'  by  S.  F.  A.  Caulfeild. 
Suggestions  might  also  be  found  in  'The 
Book  of  Sundials,'  by  Margaret  Gatty,  1890, 
and  in  a  later  work  on  the  same  subject  by 
an  author  whose  name  for  the  moment 
escapes  my  memory.  There  are  two  articles 
on  Sundials,'  by  Mr.  Warrington  Hogg,  in 
the  Strand  Magazine,  the  first  of  which 
appeared  in  June,  1892.  The  idea,  so  far  as 
private  houses  is  concerned,  seems  to  have 
taken  the  form  of  a  questionable  taste  for 
hackneyed  Bible  texts,  the  absurd  impro- 


priety of  which  is,  in  many  instances,, 
nauseating  in  its  familiarity.  But  no  one 
could,  of  course,  object  to  the  inscription, 
rand  in  its  simplicity,  over  the  Royal 
Exchange,  "The  earth  is  the  Lord's,  and 
the  fulness  thereof,"  a  suggestion,  I  believe, 
of  the  late  Prince  Consort.  Over  the  en- 
trance to  a  house  in  ancient  Pompeii  was 
found  "Hie  habitat  felicitas,"  and  in  the 
ladies'  tea-room  at  the  House  of  Commons  is 
the  curt,  if  salutary,  advice,  "Get  under- 
standing." There  is  said  to  be  a  mansion  in 
Ireland  with  a  quaint  and  appropriate  motto 
over  every  door  ;  and  these  are  so  well  chosen 
and  expressive  that,  however  often  seen, 
they  appear  ever  fresh  and  new,  proving 
really  useful  to  visitors  as  well  as  interesting. 
At  Harleyford,  a  little  village  in  Bucking- 
hamshire, it  is  said  that  there  is  a  row  of 
some  thirty-one  houses,  each  bearing  an 
inscription.  One  reads,  "If  thou  speakest 
evil  of  thy  neighbour,  come  not  nigh  the 
door  of  this  house."  Another  runs,  "Peace 
on  earth,  goodwill  towards  women."  And 
another,  "An  obedient  wife  governs  her 
husband."  A  most  interesting  collection  of 
house  mottoes  was  contributed  by  Mr. 
William  Norman  Brown,  F.R.H.S.,  to 
Country  Life  for  8  April,  1899,  and  there 
are  many  happy  selections  made  by  the 
London  Borough  Councils.  For  instance, 
Hammersmith  has  "  Spectemur  agendo."  Dr. 
Alfred  C.  Fryer  read  a  paper  on  '  Sundials ' 
in  December,  1891,  before  the  members  of 
the  Bristol  Literary  and  Philosophic  Club. 
The  lecturer  had  collected  a  large  number  of 
mottoes,  arranged  under  the  heads  of  Clas- 
sical, Sententious,  Alliterative,  Hospitable. 
One  of  the  last  was  "  Amicis  qurelibet  hora" 
(To  friends  any  hour  they  please).  In  the 
place  of  a  sundial  with  "  Pereunt  et  impu- 
tantur,"  removed  during  the  Restoration 
from  the  south  porch  of  Gloucester  Cathedral, 
the  Dean  erected  one  in  the  cloister-garth 
with  the  motto,  "  Give  God  thy  heart,  thy 
service,  and  thy  gold  ;  the  day  wears  on,  and 
time  is  waxing  old." 

J.    HOLDEN   MAcMlCHAEL. 

May  I  express  a  hope  that  MR.  McCARA 
will  finally  decide  on  an  inscription  in 
English1?  Why  should  we  continue  to  use 
a  foreign  language  for  this  purpose,  more 
especially  in  our  villages'?  I  am  entirely  in 
favour  of  the  teaching  of  Latin,  but  not  by- 
inscriptions  on  buildings. 

RALPH  THOMAS. 

30,  Narbonne  Avenue,  Clapham  Common,  8.W. 

These  are  commonly  to  be  found  in  books 
dealing  with  topography,  archteology,  and 


10*  s.i.  JUNK  25, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


517 


architecture.  But  why  copy  some  existing 
inscription  when  so  many  excellent  virgin 
phrases  offer  themselves?  A  brief  study,  for 
instance,  of  Bacon's  'Essays'  might  reveal  a 
number  of  crisp  sentences  suitable  for  MR. 
McCARA's  purpose.  WM.  JAGGARD. 

139,  Canning  Street,  Liverpool. 

[MR.  H.  \V.  UXDERDOWX  also  refers  to  the  book 
byS.  F.  A.  Caulfeild.] 

DR.  SAMUEL  HINDS,  FORMERLY  BISHOP  OF 
NORWICH  (10th  S.  i.  227,  351,  415).— I  remem- 
ber, when  a  boy  at  school,  the  strange 
rumours  prevalent  in  1857  regarding  this 
prelate's  resignation,  which  was  caused  by 
an  entire  loss  of  memory  and  mental  aberra- 
tion of  a  very  distressing  character,  culminat- 
ing in  the  scandal  of  his  second  marriage. 
After  his  resignation  he  lived  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Notting  Hill,  and  during  the 
years  1863  to  1866  I  often  used  to  meet  him 
in  the  streets  of  that  neighbourhood,  and  in 
his  strange  attire  he  presented  a  striking 
appearance.  It  was  said  that  at  first  he  was 
in  very  straitened  circumstances,  eventually 
relieved,  as  it  was  commonly  reported,  by  the 
bounty  of  the  fourteenth  Earl  of  Derby,  the 
Prime  Minister,  who  more  than  once  unsuc- 
cessfully endeavoured  to  obtain  for  him  a 
pension  from  ecclesiastical  funds,  and  upon 
one  occasion  raised  a  debate  upon  the  subject 
in  the  House  of  Lords,  thus  paving  the  way 
for  the  existing  law,  passed  a  few  years 
subsequently,  authorizing  the  payment  of  a 
pension,  out  of  the  salary  of  his  successor,  for 
a  bishop  who  is  compelled  by  age  or  infirmity 
to  retire. 

Dr.  Hinds  had  been  a  Fellow  and  Tutor 
of  Queen's  College,  Oxford,  and  was  Vice- 
Principal  of  St.  Alban  Hall  when  and  after 
Archbishop  Whately  was  Principal.  He  was 
Dean  of  Carlisle  for  about  a  year  (October, 
1848,  to  September,  1849),  succeeded  Bishop 
Edward  Stanley  in  1849  as  Bishop  of  Nor- 
wich, and  was  a  member  of  the  first  Oxford 
University  Commission.  F.  DE  H.  L. 

HAREPATH  (10th  S.  i.  190,  459).— Harepath 
is  a  common  field-name  in  Devon  in  and 
within  a  few  miles'  radius  of  So.uth  Tawton, 
and  I  have  noticed  it  in  a  Wiltshire  terrier — 
I  think,  near  Bishop's  Canning. 

A  farmer  told  me  once  he  fancied  that  one 
of  his  meadows  might  have  got  the  appella- 
tion from  its  being  traversed  by  hares,  the 
tracks  or  paths  worn  by  their  habitual  use 
•being  even  more  clearly  discernible  than 
those  made  by  rabbits.  The  field  or  place 
name  Harper  is  also  to  be  met  with  in  the 
neighbourhood.  Having  found  a  twelfth  or 
thirteenth  century  surname  "Le  Harpur" 


connected  with  the  vicinity  of  a  tenement 
so  called,  I  imagined  its  bearer  to  have  been 
a  bard,  and  the  dwelling  to  have  derived  its 
name  from  him  ;  but  I  have  lately  seen  a 
case  in  which  Harper  would  seem  to  be  a 
corruption  of  Harepath  (  =  Herpath),  and 
its  situation  might  well  be  distinguished  as 
lying  close  to  the  military  route.  It  occurs 
in  a  printed  handbill,  dated  29  September, 
1820,  announcing  the  sale  by  auction  of  "that 
messuage  called  Harper,  otherwise  Hare- 
path these  premises  adjoin  the  Turn- 
pike road  leading  from  Okehampton  to 
Exeter,  and  are  distant  about  a  mile  from 
S.  Tawton  lime-kilns." 

ETHEL  LEGA-WEEKES. 

TOPOGRAPHY  OF  ANCIENT  LONDON  (9th  S. 
xii.  429  ;  10th  S.  i.  70,  295,  457).— As  MR. 
MAcMicHAEL  is  au  courant  about  the  ceme- 
tery of  the  French  refugees  in  London  in 
1721,  will  he  kindly  send  us  a  word  as  to  the 
register  of  the  burial  of  their  dead  at  that 
period?  Does  it  exist?  Does  it  tell  us 
where  Pierre  d'Urte  (whose  Baskish  transla- 
tion of  Genesis  and  a  part  of  Exodus  I 
criticized  in  an  unfortunately  single-proofed 
article  in  the  American  Journal  of  Philology 
for  the  year  1902)  died  and  was  interred  ? 

E.  S.  DODGSON. 

"SEND"  OF  THE  SEA  (10th  S.  i.  368,  456).— 
In  the  'Gentleman's  Dictionary,'  London, 
1705  :  "  When  a  ship  falls  deep  into  the  trough 
or  hollow  of  the  sea,  then  'tis  said  she  Sends 
much  that  way,  whether  a-head  or  a-stern." 
In  J.  K.'s  'New  English  Dictionary,'  fifth 
edition,  London,  1748 :  "  The  ship  sends 
much,  i.e.,  falls  with  her  stern  deep  into  the 
hollow  between  two  waves."  W.  S. 

BLIN  (10th  S.  i.  428).— The  '  New  England 
.Register,'  vol.  xvi.  p.  19,  contains  a  pedigree 
of  a  family  of  this  name. 

CHAS.  HALL  CROUCH. 

"GoLF;i:  is  IT  SCANDINAVIAN?  (10th  S.  i. 
168  ;  see  also  the  quotation  from  the  '  Book 
of  Articles  '*  in  the  first  column  of  9th  S.  vi. 
445.) — It  is  hardly  likely  that  Mary  should 
be  described  as  playing  "with  the  palmall 
and  goif,"  unless  these  words  meant  the 
clubs  used  in  the  games  now  known  by  the 
names  of  pall  mall  and  golf.  We  cannot  be 
certain  until  the  '  N.E.D.'  has  treated  the 
preposition  with.  Q.  V. 

DOGE  OF  VENICE  (10th  S.  i.  469)  —In  the 
Appendix  to  his  '  Marino  Faliero,  Doge  of 
Venice,'  Byron  gives  the  account  of  him  in 


*  Of  which  the  true  date  is  1568,  and  not  as  there 
printed. 


518 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.       cio*  s.  i.  JUNE  25, 1901. 


the  '  Cronica  di  Sanuto '  (Muratori, '  SS.Rerum 
Italicarum,'  vol.  xxii.  628-39)  in  the  original 
Italian,  with  an  English  translation  by  Mr  F. 
Cohen,  from  which  latter  I  extract  the 
following  :— 

"  And  they  did  not  paint  his  portrait  m  the  hall 
of  the  Great  Council  :-but  in  the  place  where  it 
ought  to  have  been,  you  see  these  words  :—  Hie  est 
ocus  Marini  Faletro  decapitati  pro  crimimbus. 
I  must  not  refrain  from  noticing  that  some 
wished  to  write  the  following  words  in  the  place 
where  his  portrait  ought  to  have  been  as  aforesaid  :— 
'  Marinus  Faletro  Dux.  Temeritas  me  cepit.  rcena.s 
lui  deoapitatus  pro  criminibus.'  Others  also  indited 
a  couplet,  worthy  of  being  inscribed  upon  his 
tomb  :— 
Dux  Venetum  jacet  heic,  patriam  qui  prodere 

tentans,  ,  „ 

Sceptra,  decus,  censum,  perdidit,  atque  caput. 

The  inscription  on  a  black  tablet  is  still  to 
be  seen  on  the  frieze  in  the  Sala  del  Maggior 
Consiglio,  but  "Falethri,"  not  "Faletro,' 
appears  to  be  the  correct  reading.  Faliero 
was  executed  17  April,  1355. 

JOHN  B.  WAINEWRIGHT. 

[MR.  J.  DORMER,  MB.  J.  A.  J.  HOUSDKN,  MB.  E. 
PEACOCK,  and  MR.  R.  A.  POTTS  also  refer  to  Marmo 
Faliero.  1 

GUNCASTER  (10th  S.  i.  448).— Guncaster 
bears  such  a  similarity  to  some  ancient  forms 
of  Godmanchester  that  there  is  little  room  to 
doubt  the  identity  in'question.  It  was  called 
Gumicastra,  Gumicestre,  and  Gumycester. 
In  the  Cotton  MS.,  quoted  in  Dugdales 
'  British  Traveller,'  are  certain  particulars  of 
the  customs  of  the  manor  of  Godmanchester, 
where,  it  says, 

"  also  it  is  ordeyned  and  statutyd,  that  if  any  man 
of  the  sd  towne  of  Gumycester  have  two  or  three 
sons  by  one  woman  lawfully  begotten,  the  yonnger 
of  the  sd  sons  shall  be  the  ayer,  according  to  the  use 
and  customeof  borough  English,"  &c. 

So  in  Lewis's  '  Topog.  Diet.' :  "  The  manor 
was  first  granted  in  fee  farm  to  the  'Men  of 
Gumcester.'"  J.  HOLDEN  MACMICHAEL. 

The  '  Record  Interpreter,'  in  '  A  List  of  the 
Latin  Names  of  Places,'  give  Gumicastrum, 
Godmanchester,  Hunts.  Dunum  is  given  for 
Doncaster,  Yorks.  ARTHUR  HUSSEY. 

Tankerton-on-Sea,  Kent. 

"BELLAMY'S"  (10th  S.  i.  169,  352).— In  that 
well  -  known  book  '  Parliament,  Past  and 
Present,'  by  Arnold  Wright  and  Philip  Smith 
(publishecfby  Hutchinson  &  Co.,  but  without 
date),  POLITICIAN  will  find  at  p.  69  of  vol.  i. 
a  portrait  of  John  Bellamy,  who  is  there 
described  as  being  the  "founder  of  the  Kitchen 
Department  of  the  House  of  Commons,"  it 
being  further  noted  that,  as  proprietor  of 
"  Bellamy's  Kitchen,"  he  was  intimate  with 


Fox,  Sheridan,  and  the  younger  Pitt.  Afc 
pp.  70,  72-5,  80,  and  2G5-6  is  much  information 
concerning  this  well-known  place.  At  p.  72 
is  reproduced  much  of  Dickens's  characteristic 
description  from  'Sketches  by  Bpz.'  We  are 
told  that  the  practice  of  supplying  wine  to 
members  with  their  meals  "  led  to  lucrative 
transactions  outside  the  House,  and  so  the 
foundations  were  laid  of  a  business  which 
exists  to  this  day  in  Westminster."  The 
latter  statement  is  not  quite  true  at  the 
present  time,  for  the  business  carried  on  afc 
38,  Parliament  Street,  by  Messrs.  Bellamy, 
Smith  &  Boyes,  underwent  some  changes, 
and  after  being  thus  known  for  many  years, 
it  became  Bellamy  &  Smith,  and  now  the  firm 
is  entirely  extinct.  A  wine  merchant's 
business  is  still  carried  on  in  the  old  offices 
by  Messrs.  Liberty  &  Co.,  but  they  inform 
me  that  they  did  not  take  over  the  business. 
W.  E.  HARLAND-OXLEY. 
C2,  The  Almshouses,  Rochester  Row. 

"  HEN-HUSSEY  "  :  "  WHIP-STITCH  " :  "  WOOD- 
TOTER"  (10th  S.  i.  449,  475).—  Whip-stitch  in 
Annandale's  '  Imperial  Dictionary '  is  ex- 
plained to  be  a  tailor  in  contempt.  The 
Rev.  T.  L.  O.  Davies,  in  his  '  Supplementary 
English  Glossary,'  says  it  means  to  stitch 
slightly,  and  gives  the  following  quotation 
from  'Quip  for  an  Upstart  Courtier,'  by 
Robert  Greene  (1550-92)  :— 

"In  making  of  velvet  breeches there  is  re- 
quired silke  lace,  cloth  of  golde,  of  silver,  and  such 
costly  stuffe,  to  welt,  guard,  whip  stitch,  edge  face 
and  draw  out." 

EVERARD   HOME  COLEMAN. 

71,  Brecknock  Road. 

GAYUS  DIXON  (10th  S.  i.  449).— Extract 
from  Catalogue  No.  40,  1904,  issued  by  A. 
Russell  Smith,  24,  Great  Windmill  Street,. 
London,  W.  : — 

344  Dickson  (D.)  A  Brief  Exposition  of  the 
Evangel  of  Jesus  Christ  according  to  Matthew 
(imperfect  at  end),  2-s.,  Glasgow,  1647. 

Was  this  the  first  "  Dickson  "  recorded  1 

RONALD  DIXON. 
46,  Marlborough  Avenue,  Hull. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  &c. 

The  Poems  of  Algernon  Charles  Swinburne. — Vol.  L 
Poems  and  Ballads.  First  Series.  (Chatto  & 
Windus.) 

A  COMPLETE  edition  of  Mr.  Swinburne's  poetical 
and  dramatic  works  has  long  been  demanded,  and 
the  gift  is  at  length  in  the  way  of  being  conceded. 
The  opening  volume  consists  of  the  h'rst  series  of 
'  Poems  and  Ballads,'  which  merits  the  position 
assigned  it,  inasmuch  as,  though  preceded  in  dat* 


io*8.LJrxE23,i904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


519 


by  '  The  Queen  Mother  and  Rosamond '  and  by  ' 
'Atalanta    in    Calydon,'   it  was    the  first    purely 
lyrical  offspring  of  Mr.  Swinburne's  invention.    To  j 
men  of  to- day  the  pother  caused  by  its  appearance  j 
is  a  thing  so  wholly  of  the  past  that  no  further 
mention  seems    requisite    or  expedient.     Men   of 
yesterday  can  scarcely  dispose  of  the  question  so 
placidly  and  with  so  much  ease.    Such  remember 
the  welcome    awarded  'Atalanta  in  Calydon,'  a 
work  in  its   revelation    of   strength   and   beauty 
constituting  the  most  remarkable  poetic  firstfruits 
that    had   been    seen  since  the  days    of   Milton. 
Neither  the  envy  nor  the  hatred  of  dulness  could 
deny  the  grace  and  glory  of  such  work,  and  criticism 
grudgingly  conceded  that  a  new  planet  had  swum 
into  the  world's    ken.     With  the  appearance  of 
'  Poems  and  Ballads '  came  an  opportunity  not  to 
be  missed  of  maligning  genius  and  compensating  j 
for  enforced  eulogy.    From  the  recognized  critical  i 
organs  of  the  day  there  went  up  a  scream  of  con- 
demnation and  execration,  in  answer  to  which  the 
peccant   volume  was  withdrawn    by  a    publisher  ': 
whose  caution  was  in  advance  of  his  other  gifts.  ! 
To  these  things,  to  which  we  should  not,  probably, 
have  recurred  had  not  Mr.  Swinburne  himself  re- 
ferred to  them  in  combative  fashion,  the  appear- 
ance of  the  first  volume  of  the  collected  works 
constitutes  a  complete  answer.    No  reply  was,  in  J 
fact,  needed,  such  having  been  brought  about  in 
the  best  and  simplest  fashion.    The  only  effect  of 
the  spasm  of  indignation  and  affright  on  the  part 
of  Mrs.  Grundy,  and  the  subsequent  action  on  the 
part  of  the  publisher  in  question,  was  that  a  new 
name  appeared  at  the  foot  of  the  title-page  of  a  ' 
work  in  which  no  elision  of  any  kind  had  been 
made,  and  that  copies  of  '  Poems  and  Ballads'  with  ' 
the  original  title-page,  differing  in  no  respect  what-  j 
ever  from  the  later  issues,  were  purchased  at  an  I 
enhanced  price  by  a  few  guileless  collectors.   When  j 
now,  as    the    first   volume    of    the   new  edition, 
'  Poems  and  Ballads '  is  reprinted,  our  search  fails  ! 
to  detect  the  slightest  variation.     The  order  of  the  j 
poems  is  the  same,  and  the  dedication  "To  my  j 
friend  Edward  Burne- Jones  "  is  retained.     In  type 
and  format  the  editions  are  different,  and  the  new 
volume  ha?,  in  addition,  a  dedication  of  the  col- 
lected poems  to  Theodore  Watts-Dunton,  together 
with  a  dedicatory  epistle  to  the  same  writer,  which 
is  equally  honouring  to  both.     In  these  things  is 
found  the  matter  of  most  interest  to  the  possessor 
of  the  earlier  edition.     In  no  sense  can  the  preface 
be  regarded  as  an  apologia.     It  is  to  some  extent, 
however,  autobiographical  and  elucidatory,  and  it 
is  in  a  high  degree  defiant.     In  the  last  lines  the 
characteristic  attitude  of  Mr.  Swinburne  towards 
critics  and  friends  reveals  itself:  "  It  is  nothing  to 
me  that  what  I  write  should  find   immediate  or 
general  acceptance  :  it  is  much  to  know  that  on  the 
whole  it  has  won  for  me  the  right  to  address  this 
dedication  and  inscribe  this  edition  to  you."    Else- 
where Mr.  Swinburne  says  :  "To  parade  or  to  dis- 
claim experience  of  passion  or  of  sorrow,  of  pleasure 
or  of  pain,  is  the  habit  and  the  sign  of  a  school  which 
has  never  found  a  disciple  among  the  better  sort  of 
English  poets,  and  which  I  know  to  be  no  less 
pitifully  contemptible   in   your  opinion    than   in 
mine."    Of  the  dramas  (for  the  introduction  covers 
the  entire  field  of  Mr.  Swinburne's  poetical  works) 
the  poet  says  that  it  is  needless  to  remind  Mr.  Watts- 
Dunton  that  when  he  writes  plays  "  it  is  with  a 
view  to  their  being  acted  at  the  Globe,  the  Red 
Bull,  or  the  Black  Friars,"  a  piece  of  information 


which  tells  the  sympathetic  critic  little  that  he- 
does  not  know,  but  which  will  be  of  highest  service 
to  the  but  half-enlightened  reader.  The  whole  of 
the  epistle  dedicatory  tempts  to  extract.  For  the- 
sympathetic,  the  cultivated,  and  the  scholarly 
reader  the  book  now  reprinted  contains  more- 
exquisite  poetry  than  is  to  be  found  in  the  writings- 
of  any  man  of  similar  age.  Such  limitation,  even, 
might  be  withdrawn,  and  we  might  repeat  than  in 
any  firstfruits. 

The  GulFs  Horn  Book.   By  Thomas  Dekker.  Edited 

by  R.  B.  McKerrow.  (De  La  More  Press.) 
THE  '  Gull's  Horn  Book '  is  the  most  popular  of 
Dekker's  works,  and  was  rendered  accessible  in  an 
edition  by  Dr.  Nott,  in  modern  spelling,  in  1812r 
long  before  the  rage  for  reprinting  Elizabethan  and 
Jacobean  literature  had  set  in.  Published  as  it 
was  at  a  price  (36s.)  all  but  prohibitive,  this  book 
became  nearly  as  hard  to  find  as  the  original  edition. 
One  or  two  reprints  have  since  appeared,  and  the 
work  has  long  figured  on  our  own  shelves  in  the 
reprint  of  Dekker's  prose  works  issued  by  Grosarfc 
in  "  The  Huth  Library."  In  this  the  old  spelling 
is  preserved.  In  publishing  the  work  afresh,  in  an 
eminently  artistic  shape,  Mr.  McKerrow  follows 
pretty  closely  the  edition  of  Nott,  whose  text  (in 
the  main),  notes,  glossary,  and  initial  letters  are 
preserved.  An  introductory  chapter  gives  a  brief 
life  of  Dekker  and  much  bibliographical  informa- 
tion, while  a  supplement  supplies  a  chapter  on 
'  How  a  Gallant  should  behave  himself  in  a  Play- 
house,' which  was  substituted  for  that  of  the 
original  by  Sam  Vincent,  in  a  curious  and  scarce 
imitation  called  '  The  Young  Gallant's  Academy; 
or.  Directions  how  he  should  behave  himself  in- 
all  Places  and  Company.'  Few  books  cast  a 
brighter  light  upon  life  in  Shakespearian  time* 
than  '  The  Gull's  Horn  Book,'  and  the  work  is  one 
that  no  serious  Shakespearian  student  should  be 
without.  It  is  quaintly  and  fantastically  written,, 
and  may  be  read  with  amusement  as  well  as  studied 
with  advantage.  It  can  scarcely  be  desired  in  a 
more  attractive  shape. 

The  Rise  of  the  Dutch  Republic:  a  History.  By- 
John  Lothrop  Motley.  (Bell  &  Sons.) 
To  the  "York  Library  "has  been  added,  in  three 
pretty,  artistic,  and  handy  volumes,  Motley's  his- 
tory of  '  The  Rise  of  the  Dutch  Republic,'  reprinted 
from  the  "  Standard  Library."  This  record  now 
ranks  as  a  classic,  and  in  its  present  pleasing- 
guise  is  likely  to  attract  thousands  of  readers.  We 
owe  an  enormous  debt  to  the  "  Standard  Library," 
and  are  glad  to  welcome  its  masterpieces  in  so 
pleasing  a  garb.  These  books  should  find  their  way 
to  every  home  that  owns  any  cultivation. 

A  Dictionary  of  Names,  Nicknames,  and  Surnames 
of  Persons,  Places,  and  Things.  By  Edward. 
Latham.  (Routledge  &  Sons.) 
EVIDENCES  of  Mr.  Latham's  industry  and  zeal  in- 
the  compilation  of  his  book  have  been  frequent  in 
our  pages.  So  far  as  the  general  public  is  con- 
cerned, Mr.  Latham  has  rendered  a  genuine  service. 
We  wish  he  had  gone  further  and  assisted  the 
scholar,  and  we  urge  him  to  do  so  in  the  new 
edition  soon  to  be  demanded.  We  find  here  too  many- 
names  the  significance  of  which  is  forgotten  or,  at 
any  rate,  expiring,  such  as  the  Modern  Pliny,  the- 
Modern  Wagner,  the  Michelangelo  of  Music,  the 
English  Erasmus,  &c.,  instead  of  which  we  should 


520 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.        [io*s.i.  JUNK  25>  100*. 


like  to  have  an  account  of  Grobianus,  the  Liber- 
tines, and  the  like.  No  mention  is  given  of 
Euphuism,  Marinism,  and  Gongorism,  literary 
movements  of  great  importance  in  England,  Italy, 
and  Spain.  Little  Bernard,  le  Petit  Bernard^ 
Bernard  Salomon,  the  sixteenth-century  illustrator 
of  the  Bible  and  Ovid,  is  much  worthier  of  notice 
than  the  Little  Giant.  Oxford  deserves  mention 
as  the  Home  of  Lost  Causes.  We  could  supply 
scores  of  similar  instances  of  omission.  Scholar- 
ship, alas !  is  out  of  fashion,  and  the  man  in  the 
street  is,  it  appears,  the  person  for  whom  to  cater. 

Familiar  Studies  of  Men  and  Books.     By  Kobert 

Louis  Stevenson.  (Chatto  &  Windus.) 
To  the  beautiful  fine-paper  edition  of  Stevenson 
iias  been  added  a  delightful  reprint  of  one  of 
that  author's  most  characteristic  works.  Among 
the  contents  is  the  '  Essay  on  some  Aspects  of 
Robert  Burns,'  the  agitation  caused  by  which  is  not 
even  yet  forgotten. 

Miscellanies  of  Edward  FitzGerald.     (Routledge  & 

Sons.) 
Six  Dramas  of  Calderon.    Translated  by  Edward 

FitzGerald.  (Same  publishers.) 
IK  a  convenient  and  attractive  shape  we  have  here 
FitzGerald's  translations  from  Calderon,  and  in  a 
second  volume  'Omar  Khayyam,'  'Euphranor,' 
'  Polonius,'  '  Salaman  and  Absal,'  '  The  Memoir  and 
Death  of  Bernard  Barton,'  and  '  The  Death  of 
{Jeorge  Crabbe.'  These  are  cheap  and  eminently 
•desirable  reprints,  and  should  do  much  to  popularize 
the  study  of  FitzGerald  in  that  large  public  he  has 
hitherto  failed  to  reach. 

Yorkshire  Notes  and  Queries.     Edited  by  Charles 

F.  Forshaw,  LL.D.  May.  (Stock.) 
OUR  new  namesake  promises  well.  It  is,  as  it 
should  be,  almost  restricted  to  the  service  of  the 
.great  county  whose  name  it  bears.  If  conducted 
on  its  present  lines  it  will  soon  become  a  valuable 
storehouse  of  facts  regarding  the  largest  and,  as 
the  natives  regard  it,  the  most  important  of  our 
shires.  The  biographical  article  with  which  it 
opens  is  worthy  of  attention.  It  is  very  interesting 
as  containing  not  only  an  account  of  Mr.  Henry 
James  Barker,  who  was  born  at  Sheffield  upwards 
of  fifty  years  ago,  but  also  a  selection  froni  his 
poems,  some  of  which,  when  once  read,  it  is  not 
easy  to  forget.  The  gang  of  coiners  which,  towards 
the  end  of  the  eighteenth  century,  had  for  some 
years  an  establishment  near  Halifax  and  was  a 
terror  to  the  neighbourhood,  has  recently  attracted 
attention.  A  correspondent  has  supplied  an  inter- 
esting illustration  of  the  effrontery  of  the  people 
engaged  in  this  illegal  trade.  It  is  a  letter  M'ritten 
in  1770  to  Joshua  StanclifFe,  a  Halifax  watchmaker, 
who  is  threatened  with  death  if  David  Hartley,  the 
leader  of  the  confraternity,  who  was  then  in  cus- 
tody, should  suffer  for  his  misdeeds.  The  gang  took 
terrible  vengeance  for  Hartley's  execution  (see  9th  S. 
viii.  258,  299,  350).  Mr.  Arthur  Clapham,  of  Brad- 
ford, contributes  an  interesting  paper  on  the 
Marmion  Chapel  and  Tower  at  Taufield,  accom- 
panied by  two  excellent  engravings,  one  of  which 
represents  the  iron  "herse"  which  canopies  the 
tomb  of  one  of  the  Marmions  and  his  wife,  a 
St.  Quintin.  This  is  one  of  the  most  interesting 
objects  in  the  county.  Herses  must  have  been, 
before  the  sixteenth-century  changes  in  religion, 
far  from  uncommon,  but  they  have  now  nearly  all 


of  them  perished.  There  is  one  in  the  Beauchamp 
Chapel ;  and  a  portion  of  another,  which  must  have 
been,  when  perfect,  of  a  similar  character  to  that 
at  Tanfield,  is  preserved  in  the  South  Kensington 
Museum. 

No.  xy.  of  the  Burlington  Magazine  contains  a 
description  by  Mr.  Claude  Phillips  of  '  An  Unknown 
Watteau :  a  Fete  Champetre,'  a  reproduction  of 
which  serves  as  frontispiece  to  the  number.  Mr. 
Phillips  speaks  in  unquestionable  terms  of  the 
work  in  question.  Another  picture  of  the  same 
artist  is  'LaVraie  Gaiete,' from  the  collection  of 
Sir  Charles  Tennant.  The  appreciation  of  the 
earlier  work,  now  in  the  National  Gallery,  Dublin, 
is  a  fine  piece  of  criticism.  The  account  of  Claydon 
House  is  finished,  as  are  the  fine  miniatures  from 
the  Harleian  MS.  of  '  The  Chronicles  of  Jean 
Breton.'  These  should  be  carefully  studied  in  the 
case  of  any  revival  of  '  Richard  II.'  Part  ii.  of 
Mr.  Roger  E.  Fry's  '  Exhibition  of  French  Primi- 
tives'  is  profoundly  interesting. 

BARON  DE  TOCQUEVILLE'S  'L'Ancien  Regime'  is 
about  to  be  issued  by  the  Oxford  University  Press. 
The  editor  is  Mr.  G.  W.  Headlam,  who  has  written 
a  short  introduction  explaining  De  Tocqueville's 
position  among  scientific  historians,  together  with 
a  few  notes  of  a  more  or  less  elementary  kind. 


to 

We  must  call  special  attention  to  the  following 
notices : — 

ON  all  communications  must  be  written  the  name 
and  address  of  the  sender,  not  necessarily  for  pub- 
lication, but  as  a  guarantee  of  good  faith. 

WE  cannot  undertake  to  answer  queries  privately. 

To  secure  insertion  of  communications  corre- 
spondents must  observe  the  following  rules.  Let 
each  note,  query,  or  reply  be  written  on  a  separate 
slip  of  paper,  with  the  signature  of  the  writer  and 
such  address  as  he  wishes  to  appear.  When  answer- 
ing queries,  or  making  notes  with  regard  to  previous 
entries  in  the  paper,  contributors  are  requested  to 
put  in  parentheses,  immediately  after  the  exact 
heading,  the  series,  volume,  and  page  or  pages  to. 
which  they  refer.  Correspondents  who  repeat 
queries  are  requested  to  head  the  second  com- 
munication "Duplicate." 

A.  B.  ("0  broad  and  smooth  the  Avon  flows"). — 
From  a  poem  by  Canon  H.  C.  Beeching.  which  you 
will  find  quoted  at  the  end  of  '  By  Thames  and 
Cotswold,'  by  W.  H.  Button  (Constable,  1903). 

R.  BARCLAY-ALLARDICE  ("Death  told  to  Bees"). 
— This  piece  of  folk-lore  is  well  known. 

D.  WILLIAMSON  ("Alias  in  Family  Names"). — 
You  will  probably  be  interested  in  the  communi- 
cations on  this  subject  at  9th  S.  xii.  277.  Your 
letter  shall  appear  next  week. 

NOTICE. 

Editorial  communications  should  be  addressed 
to  "The  Editor  of  'Notes  and  Queries'" — Adver- 
tisements and  Business  Letters  to  "  The  Pub- 
lisher"— at  the  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery 
Lane,  B.C. 

We  beg  leave  to  state  that  we  decline  to  return 
communications  which,  for  any  reason,  we  do_  not 
print ;  and  to  this  rule  we  can  make  no  exception. 


.  i.  JCN-E  25, 1904.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


WHAT   IS 

"PRINTERS'     PIE"? 

Everybody  last  year  asked  what  was  meant  by 
"PRINTERS'  PIE."  It  was  a  queer  title,  and 
to-day  it  represents  the  second  issue  of  a  delight- 
ful publication  NOW  READY,  the  proceeds  going 
to  the  Printers'  Pension  Corporation.  It  is  unlike 
anything  else.  It  contains  STORIES,  SONGS,  and 
PICTURES  provided  gratuitously  by  Writers  and 
Artists  whose  names  are  Household  Words. 


PRINTERS'    PIE" 

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WM.  LE  QUEUX. 
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NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [io«"  s.  i.  JCNE  25, 1904 
NOW  READY,  price  10s.  6d.  net. 

THE    NINTH    SERIES 

GENERAL   INDEX 


OF 


NOTES    AND    QUERIES. 

With  Introduction  by  JOSEPH  KNIGHT,  F.S.A. 

This  Index  is  double  the  size  of  previous  ones, 
as  it  contains,  in  addition  to  the  usual  Index  of 
Subjects,  the  Names  and  Pseudonyms  of  Writers, 
with  a  list  of  their  Contributions.  The  number 
of  constant  Contributors  exceeds  eleven  hundred. 
The  Publisher  reserves  the  right  of  increasing  the  price 
of  the  volume  at  any  time.  The  number  printed 
is  limited,  and  the  type  has  been  distributed. 


Free  by  post,  10s.  lie?. 


JOHN  C.  FRANCIS,  Notes  and  Queries  Office,  Bream's  Buildings,  E.G. 

Published  Weekly  by  JOHN  C.  FRANCIS 'Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane.  B.C. ;  and  Printed  by  JOHN  EDWARD  FRANCIS, 
Atheneenm  Press  Bream's  Buildings,  Chancery  Lane,  B.C.— Saturday,  June  25,  1904. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30,  1904. 


INDEX. 


TENTH   SERIES.— VOL.    I. 


[For  classified  articles,  see  ANONYMOUS  WORKS,  BIBLIOGRAPHY,  BOOKS  RECENTLY  PUBLISHED,  EDITORIAL, 
EPIGRAMS,  EPITAPHS,  FOLK-LORE,  HERALDRY,  OBITUARIES,  PROVERBS  AND  PHRASES,  QUOTATIONS, 
SHAKESPEARIANA,  SONGS  AND  BALLADS,  and  TAVERN  SIGNS.] 


A.  (E.  O.  E.)  on  Franco-German  War,  226 
A.  (J.)  on  Addison's  daughter,  150 
A.  (N.  M.  &)  on  heraldic  reference  in  Shakespeare,  338 
A.  (R.)  on  engravings,  370 
A.E.I.  =dil,  "for  ever,"  207 
A  1'outrance,  incorrect  phrase,  93 
A  past:  man  or  woman  with  a  past,  earliest  use,  327, 396 
Abbots  Bromley,  horn  dancing  at,  5,  296 
Abrahams  (A.)  on  Anacharsis,  449 
Manby  (Capt.  G-.  W.),  21 
Southwell  (Right  Hon.  E.),  158 
Accentuation,  English,  72 
Acerbative,  use  of  the  word,  27,  174 
Ackerley  (F.  G.)  on  number  superstition,  369 
Acre  as  a  measure  of  length,  101,  143,  354 
Actify,  used  instead  of  enact,  506 
Acts  of  the  Apostles,  curious  Christian  name,  171 
Adams  (F.)  on  "Virtue  of  necessity,"  76,  136 
Adderbury  Church,  Oxfordshire,  inscription  in,  233 
Addison  (Joseph),  his  daughter,  88,  149  ;  his  library 

and  pictures,  150  ;  on  '  Paradise  Lost,'  249 
Addy  (S.  O.)  on  fulture,  296 

"  Our  Lady  of  the  Snows,"  392 
Ploughgang  and  other  measures,  101,  143 
"Sal  et  saliva,"  431 
Tideswell  and  Tideslow,  91,  229,  371 
'Adeste  Fideles,'  the '  Portuguese  Hymn,'origin  of,  10,54 
Adlati,  fictitious  Latin  plural,  193 
Admiralty   Bill  Books  as  new  sources  of  genealogy, 

396,  512 

Adnil,  curious  Christian  name,  171 
JEsop,  Greek  edition  of,  268 
African  War.     See  Boer  War. 
Alfjia,  its  derivation,  515 
Ainger  (Canon  Alfred),  his  death,  140 
Ainoo  and  Baskish  languages,  264,  297,  432,  513 
Air,  composer  and  origin  of,  107 
Alake,  the  Abbeokutan  ruler,  his  title,  468,  512 
Alcott  (Miss  L.  M.),  her  'Eight  Cousins,'  489 
Aldenham  (Lord)  on  the  cope,  278 
Dorsetshire  snake-lore,  254 
Oprower,  313 
Aldrich  (S.  J.)  on  error  in    '  Poliphili   Hypneroto- 

machia,'  97 

Horace,  first  edition  of,  103 
'  Incendium  Divini  Amoris,'  2 
Sun  and  its  orbit,  476 


Aldwych,  derivation  of  the  name,  205 
Alger  (J.  G.)  on  Thompson  Cooper,  337 

Greig  (Admiral  Sir  Samuel),  492 

Reign  of  Terror,  174 

Alleyne  (T.  and  R.),  College  of  God's  Gift,  85 
Alliteration  :  "An  Austrian  army  awfully  arrayed," 

its  author,  120, 148,  211,  258,  277 
Alternate,  use  of  the  word,  47 
Amban,  Tibetan  title,  506 
Amblestone  Church,  its  ancient  font,  488 
America,  Cheshire  cat  in,  365,  513 
American  colonies  and  England,  verses  on,  105 
American  diplomas  and  degrees,  their  value,  44,207,  297 
American  Loyalists  compensated  for  losses  during  the 

war,  269,  313,  390 
Ample,  use  of  the  word,  8 
Anacharsis = the  Duke  of  Argyle,  1815,  449 
Anagrams  on  Pope  Pius  X.,  146,  253 
Anahuac,  pronunciation  of  the  name,  507 
Anatomic  Vivante,  his  history,  138,  175 
Anderson  (J.  L.)  on  "  God's  silly  vassal,"  17 
Anderson  ( P.  J.)  OB  stamp  collecting,  its  literature,  822 
Andrews  (W.)  on  famous  barbers,  290 
Angels,  their  division  into  choirs  and  hierarchies,  294 
Angus  (Gr.)  on  arms  of  Pius  X.,  373 

Madame  du  Deffand's  letters,  14 
Animal-baiting,  modern  forms  of,  37 
Animals,  their  immortality,  169,  256,  336 
Animo   Ancipiti   on  name  for  a  university  women's 

club,  489 

Anon,  Thackeray's  curious  use  of  the  word,  246,  337 
Anonymous  Works : — 

Abbey  of  Kilkhampton,  12 

Accepted  Addresses,  488 

Address  to  Poverty,  43,  151 

Children  of  the  Abbey,  127 

Children  of  the  Chapel,  407,  458 

Die  and  be  Damned,  328,  491 

Lord  Bateman  and  his  Sophia,  168 

Memoirs  of  a  Stomach,  27,  57,  111,  171 

Pamela  ;  or,  the  Fair  Impostor,  135 

Practice  of  Piety,  15 

Recommended  to  Mercy,  109,  232,  338,  434 

Reminiscences  of  Thought  and  Feeling,  329 

True  Methodist ;  or,  Christian  in  Earnest,  167 

Willy  Wood  and  Greedy  Grizzle,  48 
Aopiel  on  birds'  eggs,  372 


522 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  80,  1804. 


Antiquarian  v.  antiquary,  325,  396 
Antiquary  on  Hawes :  Leinan,  8 
Antiquary  v.  Antiquarian,  325,  396 
Antonelli  (Cardinal),  Mr.  Marion  Crawford  on,  50 
Antwerp  Cathedral,  its  foundations,  508 
Aphikia  story,  Portuguese  version,  466 
Apothecaries  and  physicians,  their  prescriptions,  409, 458 
Apperson  (G.  L.)  on  '  Death  of  Bozzaris,'  268 
Apprentice  books,  Ipswich,  discovered,  41,  111 
Apprentices  of  merchant  seamen,  books  of,  187,  218 
Aram  (Eugene),  Bristow  on,  389 
Archaeologist  on  Earl  of  Egremont,  148,  234 
Archer  (Daniel),  his  biography,  448 
Archer  (L.)  on  Daniel  Archer,  448 
Architecture  in  old  times,  290,  333 
Argyle  (Duke  of),  1815  =  Anacharsis,  449 
Ariosto,  fable  in  Mr.  C.  Murray's  '  Hearts,'  290 
Aristotle  and  moral  philosophy,  405,  472 
Arkle  (A.  H.)  on  William  Hartley,  87 
Miller  (W.),  engraver,  336 
Mirfield  Book  Society,  368 
"Scole  Inn,"  Norfolk,  394 
Armstrong  (T.  P.)  on  curious  inscription,  85 
Armstrong  gun  invented  by  J.  P.  Drake,  388,  436 
Arthur  (Capt.)  and  Port  Arthur,  407,  457 
Arthur  (King),  legend  of  his  sleeping,  77,  194 
Artillery,  lines  on,  in  Camden's  'Remaines,'  164 
'  Arundines  Cami,'  J.  H.  M.1  in,  487 
Ash,  place-name,  its  derivation,  72,  113,  137 
Ash,  the  oak,  and  the  ivy,  35 
"Ashes  to  ashes"  in  the  Burial  Service,  387,  429 
Astarte  on  Batrome,  338 

Immortality  of  animals,  169 
Melancholy,  148 
Eiver  divided,  289 
Russian  folk-lore,  347 
Astley  (J.)  on  February  30,  233 

Robin  a  Bobbin,  218 

Astley's,  "  Riding  Tailor  "  at,  in  1815,  508 
Astrapath  on  game  called  State,  226 
Astwick,  Yorkshire  place-name,  spelt  Austwiok,  466 
Athenian  system  of  dating,  489 

Atkinson  (Stan.  B.)  on  consumption  not  hereditary,  427 
Ropemakers'  Alley  Chapel,  466 
Still-born  children,  281 
Supervisum  corpus,  508 
Audain  (Rev.  John),  his  biography,  495 
Auden  (G.  A.)  on  Audyn  or  Audin  family,  148 
Copper  coins  and  tokens,  456 
Leche  family,  334 
Audin  or  Audyn  family,  148,  495 
Auncell,  a  weight,  187,  237 
Aurora  borealis  in  Lincolnshire  in  1640,  242 
Austen  and  Blin  marriage,  428 
Australian  Houses  of  Legislature,  "Bellamy's  "in,  169, 

352, 518 

Australian  vocabularies,  348 

Austwick,  Yorkshire  place-name,  its  pronunciation,  466 
Author  and  authoress,  use  of  the  words,  93 
Avitabile  (Paolo),  his  visit  to  London,  188 
Axon  (W.  E.  A.)  on  Cobden  bibliography,  481 
Portuguese  version  of  Aphikia  story,  466 
Ayeahr  on  fetish,  466 
Frozen  words,  3 
"Ship"  Hotel,  Greenwich,  454 
Spanish  doggerel,  147 


Ayeahr  on  "  Tymbers  of  ermine, "  449 
Aylmer  arms,  155 

Aylsham  woollen  manufacture,  4,  172 
B.  on  birds'  eggs,  453 
B.  (C.)  on  leper  hymn-writer,  227 
B.  (C.  B.)  on  Dahuria,  337 
B.  (C.  C.)  on  Pindar  family,  135 
Robin  a  Bobbin,  32 
"Sit  loose  to,"  5 
B.  (E.  G.)  on  barrar,  435 

Wentworth,  its  local  pronunciation,  307 
B.  (E.  W.)  on  "Humanum  est  errare,"  389 
B.  (G.)  on  new  sources  of  genealogy,  512 
'  Vicar  of  Wakefield '  in  French,  489 
B.  (G.  F.  R.)  on  "  An  Austrian  army,"  277 
Cade  (Salisbury),  209 
Dean's  Yard,  Westminster,  336 
Dornford  (James  William),  68 
Fitzpatrick  (Richard)  and  C.  J.  Fox,  146 
Gibbard  (William),  329 
Gilbert  (Thomas  and  Richard),  407 
Grimaldi  (Stacey),  his  MSS.,  267 
Kempland  (Frederick),  126 
Kidd  (William  Holland),  148 
'Oxford  University  Calendar,1  92 
Sellinger,  428 

Speakers  of  the  Irish  House  of  Commons,  293 
B.  (H.  J.)on  Bagshaw,  152 

Riding  the  black  ram,  36 

B.  (H.  W.)  on  Sadler's  Wells  play  alluded  to  by  Words- 
worth, 7,  70 
B.  (I.  B.)  on  salep  or  Salop,  138 

Toys,  Wykehamical  word,  50 
B.  (J.  M.)  on  Smythies  (Henrietta  Maria  Gordon),  87 

Son  of  Napoleon  I.,  107 
B.  (J.  W.)  on  Nelson's  sister  Anne,  170 
B.  (M.  C.)  on  curious  Christian  names,  237 
B.  (M,  L.)  on  frost  and  its  forms,  67 
B.  (B.)  on  curious  Christian  names,  214 
Downing  family,  113 
Fettiplace,  473 
Frost  and  its  forms,  116 
Gun  caster,  448 
B.  (R.  B.)  on  Wolfe,  108 
B.  (R.  E.)  on  Dunkeld  (James,  first  Lord),  328 

Thackeray  quotation,  216 
B.  (R.  W.)  on  English  in  France,  258 

Fleetwoods  and  Milton's  Cottage,  422 
B.  (S.  A.)  on  baronial  family  of  Somerville,  508 
B.  (W.  C.)  on  Addison's  daughters,  151 
"  Among  others,"  487 

"  Ashes  to  ashes  "  in  the  Burial  Service,  429 
Auncell,  187 
Aylsham  cloth,  4 

Becket  (Thomas  a),  his  martyrdom,  452 
Birch-sap  wine,  98 
Birth-marks,  430 
Chevinier,  its  meaning,  169 
Christian  names,  curious,  170 
Collectioner,  94 
Comber  family,  152 

Crucifix  at  north  door  of  old  St.  Paul's,  165 
Deffand  (Madame  du),  her  letters,  14 
Documents  in  secret  drawers,  474 
Easter  bibliography,  265 
Easter  Sepulchre,  265 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30, 1904. 


INDEX. 


523 


B.  (W.  C.)  on  '  Edwin  Drood  '  continued,  37 

Epitaphs,  their  bibliography,  217 

February  30,  166 

"  Fide,  sed  cui  vide,"  87 

Fulture,  225 

Glass  manufacture,  51 

"  Hanged,  drawn,  and  quartered,"  356,  410 

"  Jenion's  Intack,"  477 

"Kick  the  bucket,"  314 

"  Kissed  hands,"  135 

London  rubbish  at  Moscow,  257 

Lynold  family,  307 

Manor  Rolls,  guide  to,  272 

Mayor's  seal  for  confirmation,  447 

Mount  Grace  le  Ebor',  its  records,  198 

'Oxford  English  Dictionary,'  193 

«  P.  P.,  Clerk  of  the  Parish,'  137 

Parkins  (Dr.),  51 

Pindar  family,  135 

'  Plumpton  Correspondence,'  466 

'  Practice  of  Piety,'  15 

Public  school,  our  oldest,  257 

Purlieu  :  Bow -rake  :  Buck-leap,  85 

"  Sal  et  saliva,"  432 

Sex  before  birth,  406 

Sherlock,  426 

Sleep  and  Death,  315 

"  Son  confort  et  liesse,"  232 

Stow,  misprints  in  Thoms's  edition,  205 

Turner :  Canaletto,  217 
B.  (W.  E.)  on  Latin  lines,  373 
B — r  (R.)  on  engravings,  336 

Martello  towers,  356 

Oak,  the  ash,  and  the  ivy,  35 

Penrith,  156 

Tideswell  and  Tideslow,  52 
B— s  (R.)  on  diabread,  126 
Babar  (Emperor),  his  memoirs,  1 47 
Badger  in  the  bag,  game,  289,  355 
Bagshaw    (Samuel),    his    '  History,    Gazetteer,    and 
Directory  of  the  County  of  Kent,'  1847,  9,  152,  295 
Bairn,  Scotch  word  used  in  Lincolnshire,  415 
Bala,  weather  at,  347 
Balbus  on  Penrith,  97 

Baldock  (G.  Yarrow)  on  medical  barristers,  32 
Ball  (F.  Elrington)  on  John  Wainwright,  Baron  of 

the  Exchequer  in  Ireland,  55 
Banns  of  marriage,  time  of  their  publication,  18 
Baptism,  "sal  et  saliva"  in,  368,  431,  514 
Baptist  Minister  on  Temple  College,  Philadelphia,  207 
Barbers,  famous  references  to,  290,  375,  513 
Barbey-Boissier  (Madame)  on  Louis  XVII.,  267 
Barclay- Allardice  (R.)  on  long  lease,  32 

Parish  register  to  stop  a  rat's  hole,  266 
Bardsley's  '  Dictionary  of  Place-names,'  error  in,  505 
Barnes(Barnaby),plotof 'The  Devil'sCharter,'467, 509 
Barrar,  use  and  meaning  of  word,  349,  434,  478,  515 
Barrett  College,  North  Carolina,  its  fictitiousdegrees,  45 
Barristers,  medical,  32 

Barrow,  use  and  meaning  of  word,  349,  434,  478,  515 
Bartholeyns  (A.  O'D.)  on  picture  by  Frith,  67 
Bartolozzi,  '  Life '  by  M.  Missirini,  289 
Baskish  and  Ainoo  languages,  264,  297,  432,  513 
Baskish  Bible,  284,  315 
Baskish  legends,  their  recitation,  190,  493 
Basle,  Council  of,  Heine's  legend,  8,  397 


Bass  Rock  music,  308,  374,  437 

Batchelor  (John),  his  Ainoo  dictionary,  265 

Bates  (E.  F.)  on  Aristotle  and  moral  philosophy,  405 

Marlowe  and  Shakespeare,  75 
Bath,  Richard  Nash  at,  32,  96  ;  Nelson  at,  366 
Batley,  Easter  sepulchre  at,  1509,  265 
Batrome  (John),  carved  woodwork  by,   88,  173,  252, 

338,  378 

Batson  (H.  M.)  on  Mortimer,  109 
Battlefield  sayings,  268,  375,  437 
Baxter  (F.  W.)  on  Baxter's  oil  printing,  490 
Baxter  (George),  his  patent  oil  printing  process,  427, 490 
Bayley  (A.  R.)  on  Becket's  martyrdom,  451 

Bradley,  co.  Southampton  :  Clark  family,  456 

Camden  on  surnames  :  Musseiwhite,  314 

Charles  the  Bold,  232 

Crowns  in  tower  or  spire  of  church,  17 

Dee  (Dr.),  his  magic  mirror,  16 

Dorsetshire  snake-lore,  253 

Dryden  portraits,  435 

Egremont  (Earl  of),  192 

Fair  Maid  of  Kent,  374 

"  Feed  the  brute,"  416 

Fettiplace,  396 

Ghent,  its  arms,  168 

Hall  (John),  Bishop  of  Bristol,  72 

Hartley  (William),  198,  316 

Marlborough  and  Shakespeare,  177 

Nelson  and  Wolsey,  376 

'  Oxford  University  Calendar,'  92 

Public  school,  our  oldest,  215,  257 

Reade,  393 

Rous  or  Rowse  family,  97 

St.  Dunstan,  216 

Shadwell's  '  Bury  Fair,'  221 

Walbeoff  family,  413 
Bayne  (T.)  on  anon,  337 

Craik  (Georgiana  M.),  346 

Hasped,  366 

Hockey,  385 

Irving's  '  History  of  Scotish  Poetry,'  325 

Oonalaska,  486 

Pennecuik  (Alexander),  gent.,  386 

Phrase :  what  is  it  ?  427 

Scotch  words  and  English  commentators,  261, 456 

Shanks's  mare,  345 

Watts's  hymns,  508 
Beadnell  family,  17,  515 

Beardshaw  (H.  J.)  on  "Run  of  his  teeth,"  478 
Beating  the  bounds,  origin  of  the  custom,  489 
Beaven  (A.  B.)  on  Mark  Hildesley,  475 
Beaumont  (Sir  Thomas),  of  Whitley  Hall,  co.  York, 

his  motto,  87 
Beaumont  and  Fletcher's '  Valentinian,'  quotation  from, 

405 
Becket  (St.  Thomas  k),  his  martyrdom,  references  and 

illustrations,  388,  450 

Beggi  (F.  O.),  book  collector,  his  biography,  148,  198 
Begum.     See  Bhopal  and  Sumroo. 
Belben  (P.)  on  "  send  "  of  the  sea,  456 
Bell:  Dead  bell:  Passing  bell,  use  of  custom,  308,  350 
Bell  (R.),  his  edition  of  Chaucer,  404 
"Bellamy's"  in  English  and  Australian    Houses   of 

Legislature,  169,  352,  518 

Bells:  "ringingthebellsaukeoraukert(awkward),"179 
Belludo,  supernatural  horse  of  Spain,  417 


524 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30,  1904. 


Bensly  (E.)  on  authors  of  quotations,  433 

Burton's  'Anatomy  of  Melancholy,'  42, 163, 203, 282 
Horace,  first  edition  of,  338 
Latin  quotations,  437,  496 
Weather,  38 

Bent  (M.)  on  Japanese  names,  238 
Beranger's  letter  to  M.  Paques,  165 
Berlioz  (Hector)  and  Emanuel  Swedenborg,  26 
Betham -Ed wards  (M.)  on  women  voters  in  counties 

and  boroughs,  327 

Beveridge  (A.  S.)  on  Babar's  memoirs,  147 
Beverley,  Easter  sepulchre  at,  1526,  265 
Bewley  (Sir  E.  T.)  on  Heardlome  :  Heech,  29 
Beyle  (Henri),  his  use  of  "  de,"  34 
Bezar  stone,  its  properties,  1 1 3 
Bhopal  (Begum  of),  14,  68 

Bianchi  (Nicomede),  Italian  historian,  his  MSS.,  349 
Bible,    Robert   Boyle   on,  186  ;  Baskish   translation, 
284,  315  ;  original  of  St.  Paul's  "  slowbellies,"  405  ; 
"Let  the  dead  bury  their  dead,"  488 
Bil)le  texts,  phrases  doing  duty  for,  205 
Bibliography:  — 

JEsop  in  Greek,  268 

Ainoo  and  Baskish,  264,  297,  432 

Alcott  (Louisa  M.),  '  Eight  Cousins,'  489 

Animals,  their  immortality,  169,  256,  336 

'  Athenae  Cantabrigienses,'  348,  412 

Barnes  (Barnaby),  '  The  Devil's  Charter,'  467 

Bartolozzi,  289 

Baskish  legends,  190,  493 

Bianchi  (N.),  his  MSS.,  349 

Boer  War,  1881,  226,  277,  395 

Bookselling  and  publishing,   81,  142,  184,    242, 

304,  342 

Britons,  ancient,  169 

Burton's 'Anatomy  of  Melancholy,' 42, 163, 203, 282 
Campbell  (T.),  Prof.  L.  Campbell's  edition,  486 
Channel  Islands,  earliest  printing  in,  349,  436 
Chaucer ;  R.  Bell's  edition,  404 
Close  (Poet),  409 
Cobden,  481 
Cornish  lexicology,  326 
Crabbe,  86 

Craik  (Georgiana  M.),  her  first  novel,  346 
'Creevey  Papers,'  285,  355,  436 
Dee  (John),  241 
Dibdin  (Charles),  463,  502 

Dickens,  continuations  of  '  Edwin  Drood,'  37,  331 
Dyer  (Sir  Ed.), "  My  mind  to  me  a  kingdom  is,"  487 
Easter,  265 

Epitaphs,  44, 173,  217,  252,  334 
French  poems  and  folk-songs,  409 
Gaboriau,  '  Marquis  d'Angival,'  428 
Gibson  (Charles  Bernard),  106 
Goethe,  translations  of  '  Wilhelm  Meister,'  489 
Goldsmith (O.),  'Vicar of  Wakefield'  in  French,  489 
'  Graduati  Cantabrigienses,'  348 
Gray's  '  Elegy '  in  Latin,  487 
Gray's  Inn,  '  Ancient  Orders '  of,  367,  434 
'  Grenadier's  Exercise  of  the  Grenado,'  347,  412 
Harvey  (Gabriel),  whereabouts  of  his  books,  267 
Herondas,  his  date,  68,  216,  336 
Horace,  first  edition,  103,  338 
Hugo  (Victor), '  Les  Abeilles  Imperiales,'  348,  391 
Irving  (Dr.  D.),  his  'History  of  Scotish  Poetry,'325 
Jaggard-printed  books,  506 


Bibliography : — 

Jonson  (Ben),  his  '  Alchemist,'  223 

Leigarraga,  German  reprint,  284,  315 

L'Estrange,  '  Merry   Thoughts  in  a  Sad  Place ' 
141,  193,  250 

Luther  (Martin),  his  "  distich,"  409 

Macklin  (Charles),  506 

Methodist,  328 

Milton  (John),  "  painted  and  popped,"  407 

Missirini  (Melchiore),  '  Life  of  Bartolozzi,'  289 

Mottley  (John),  dramatist,  367 

Name  origins,  329 

'  Oxford  English  Dictionary,'  146,  193,  255 

Parkins  (Dr.  John),  of  Little  Gonerby,  15,  51 

Peck  (William),  348,  434,  513 

Penn  (William),  'Fruits  of  Solitude,'  190,  275 

Pennecuik  (Alexander),  513 

'Plumpton  Correspondence,'  errors  in,  466 

Publishing  and   bookselling,  81,  142,   184,   242, 
304,  342 

Raynsford    (Capt.  -  Lieut.     John),    '  The     Yong 
bouldier,'  428,  477,  512 

Sarpi  (Paolo),  his  '  Council  of  Trent,'  408 

'  Scots  Peerage,'  404 

Shadwell  (Thomas),  his  '  Bury  Fair,'  221 

Shakespeare  (W.),  Venus  and  Adonis,  310;  his 
books,  465 

Shorthouse  (J.  H.),  'John  Inglesant,'  289,  357 

Sicily,  128 

Stamp  collecting,  322 

Stephen   (Sir   Leslie),    'English   Literature    and 
Society  in  the  Eighteenth  Century,'  288,  357 

Taylor  (Jeremy),  '  Holy  Living,'  406 

Teedon  (Samuel),  his  diary,  473 

Biddenden  Maids,  their  history  and  bequests,  324,  391 
Biddy,  derivation  of  the  word,  272,  431 
Bijou,  brazen,  kitchen  utensil,  369,  455 
Billiards,  Herbert  Spencer  on,  48,  113 
Bilson  (J.)  on  a  French  cloister  in  England,  207 
Birch  (H.)  on  Birch,  Burch,  or  Byrch  families,  328 
Birch,  Burch,  or  Byrch  families,  328,  417 
Birch-sap  wine,  its  manufacture,  18,  98 
Bird  (John),  Suffragan  Bishop  of  Pentruth,  1527-39, 

29,  97,  156,  275,  354 

Birds'  eggs,  their  collecting,  327,  372,  453 
Birkbeck  (R.)  on  miniature  of  Isaac  Newton,  248,  414 
Birkenhead  on  lines  attributed  to  Wordsworth,  448 
Birth-marks,  their  cause,  362,  430,  493 
Biset  (Margaret),  maid  of  Queen  Eleanor,  her  death,  4(J8 
Bisk,  derivation  of  the  word,  138 
Bismarck  (Prince)  on  the  Cretans,  406 
Bitton  Church  .epitaph  on  Sir  J.  Seymour  in,  87, 137, 232 
Black  (W.  G.)  on  derivation  of  bridge,  394 
"Gallants  of  Fowey,"  505 
"  Go  for  "=attack,  225 

"  Little  Mary,"  70 
Mosky,  266  " 

Blackwall,  ministerial  whitebait  dinner  at,  213 
Blaikley  (R.)  on  step-brother,  329 
Blakeney  (E.  H.)  on  Tennyson  on  Britain,  166 
Blaker  (R.)  on  ancient  Britons,  169 
Blin  family,  428,  517 
Blin-Stoyle  (B.  W.)  on  Blin,  428 

Stoyle,  349 

Blue  eggs  used  in  May  Day  celebrations,  126,  173 
Boast,  etymology  of  the  word,  18 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30,  1904. 


INDEX. 


525 


Boer  War  of  1881,  books  on  the,  226,  277,  395 

Boer  War,  1899-1902,  British  losses  in,  325 

Bonam  Villam   super  Tokam,    1202=Bonneville   on 

the  Touques,  512 

Bonaparte  (Gordon),  alleged   natural  son  of  Napo- 
leon I.,  107,  197 
Bonaparte  (Napoleon),  alleged  natural  son,  107,  197  ; 

his  power  of  awaking,  446  ;  on  imagination,  488 
Book  of  Common  Prayer  :  "  Ashes  to  ashes  "  in  the 

Burial  Service,  387,  429 

Book-collectors  :  E.  Kroencke  and  F.  O.  Beggi,  148, 198 
Book-plate  of  J.  Tynte,  Esq.,  1704,  449 
Books  recently  published:  — 
Airy's  (0.),  Charles  II.,  438 
Almack's  (E.)  Book-plates,  379 
Atchley's   (C.)    Parish    Clerk   and  his   Eight   to 

read  the  Liturgical  Epistle,  340 
Beaumont     and    Fletcher's     Works,    Variorum 

Edition,  Vol.  I.,  478 
Bell's  (Mrs.  A.)  Lives  and  Legends  of  the  English 

Bishops  and  Kings,  159 
Bernard's    (J.     H.)    Cathedral    Church    of    St. 

Patrick,  100 

Besant's  London  in  the  Time  of  the  Stuarts,  18 
B  ble,  Basque,  31 9 
British  Journal  of  Psychology,  118 
Burke's  (Sir  B.)  Peerage  and  Baronetage,  39 
Burlington  Magazine,  118,  219,  320,  399,  520 
Byron's  Works,  ed.  by  E.  H.  Coleridge,  239 
Calderon,  Six  Dramas,  trans,  by  FitzGerald,  520 
Cambridge,  Early  English  Printed  Books  in  the 

University  Library  (1475-1640),  138 
Cambridge  Gild  Records,  by  M.  Bateson,  298 
Cassell's  National  Library  :  Silas  Marner,  358 
Cat  tie  Raid  of  Cualnge,  trans,  by  L.  W.  Faraday,  439 
Charles  II.,  by  O.  Airy,  438 
Clergy  Directory,  80 

Coleridge  (S.  T.),  Aids  to  Reflection,  and  Con- 
fessions of  an  Inquiring  Spirit,  379 
Colville's  (Mrs.   A.)    Duchess   Sarah:    being  the 
Social  History  of  the  Times  of  Sarah  Jennings, 
Duchess  of  Marlborough,  258 

Congregational  Historical  Society  Transactions,  139 
Conway  Parish  Registers,  260 
Crofton's  (H.  T.)  Old  Moss  Side,  319 
De  Tabley's  (Lord)  Collected  Poems,  99 
Dekker's  (T.)  Gull's  Horn  Book,  edited  by  R.  B. 

McKerrow,  519 
Devon  Notes  and  Queries,  280 
Dixon's  (H.  L.)  On  Saying  Grace,  139 
Dobell's  (B.)  Rosemary  and  Pansies,  319 
Douse 's  (T.  Le  M.)  Examination  of  an  Old  Manu- 
script, 259,  313 

Dryden  (John),  ed.  by  G.  Saintsbury,  159 
Earle's  (J.)  M  icrocosmographie,  318 
Edinburgh  Review,  160,  399 
Eikon  Basilike,  ed.  by  E.  Almack,  339 
Eliot's  (G.)  Silas  Marner,  358 
Elizabethan  Critical  Essays,  ed.byC.  G.  Smith,  378 
English  Catalogue  of  Books  for  1903,  398 
English  Dialect  Dictionary,  ed.  by  J.  Wright,  218 
English  Historical  Review,  159,  379 
FitzGerald 's   (E.)   Miscellanies  —  Translation   of 

Six  Dramas  of  Calderon,  520 
Foat's   (F.  W.  G.)   Sematography  of  the  Greek 
Papyri,  399 


Books  recently  published : — 
Folk-lore,  340 

Garnett  and  Gosse's  English  Literature  :  an  Illus- 
trated Record,  Vols.  II.  and  IV.,  219 
Gay's  (S.  E.)  Old  Falmouth,  339 
Gordon's  (C.)  Old  Time  Aldwych,  Kingsway,  and 

Neighbourhood,  138 

Gosseand  Garnett's  English  Literature  :  an  Illus- 
trated Record,  Vols.  II.  and  IV.,  219 
Gray's  Elegy,  rendered  in  Latin  by  W.  A.  Clarke, 

58,  487 

Great  Masters,  Introduction  and  Notes  by  Sir  M. 
Conway,  Parts  V.-XVI.,  178,  238,  259,  318, 
358,  398,  438,  479 

Hakluyt's  (R.)  Principal  Navigations,  Voyages, 
Traffiques,  and  Discoveries  of  the  English 
Nation,  Vols.  III.  and  IV.,  198  ;  Vols.  V.  and 
VI.,  438 

Hampshire,  Guide  to,  by  Dr.  J.  C.  Cox,  400 
Handel,  Life  of,  400 

Heifer  of  the  Dawn,  trans,  by  F.  W.  Bain,  498 
Hierurgia  Anglicana,  Part  II., ed.  by  V.  Staley,  178 
Hobbes's  (T.)  Leviathan,  ed.  by  A.  K.  Waller,  238 
Innes's  (J.  H.)  New  Amsterdam  and  its  People, 

58,  161 

Intermediate,  340 
Jekyll's  (G.)  Old  West  Surrey,  379 
Johnston's  (J.  B.)  Place-names  of  Scotland,  259 
Kay  (John),  Memoir  of,  by  J.  Lord,  459 
Kings'  Letters,  ed.  by.  R.  Steele,  118 
Lamb's  (C.  and  M.)   Works,    Vol.  IV.,  ed.   by 

E.  V.  Lucas,  238 

Latham's  (E.)  Dictionary  of  Names,  Nicknames, 

and  SurnamesofPersons,  Places,  and  Things,  519 
Maclean's  (M.)  The  Li  teratureof  the  Highlands,  459 
Mantzius's  (K.)  History  of  Theatrical  Art  in 

Ancient  and  Modern  Times,  77,  279 
Marlborough   (Sarah,    Duchess   of),   by   Mrs.   A. 

Colville,  258 

Mendelssohn,  Life  of,  400 
Miniature  Series  of  Musicians,  79 
Moore's  (A.  W.)  Manx  Names,  259 
More's  Utopia,  ed.  by  J.  Churton  Collins,  418 
Motley's  (J.  L.)  Rise  of  the  Dutch  Republic,  519 
Nashe's(T.)  Works,  Vol.I.,ed.R.  B.  McKerrow,  117 
New  English  Dictionary,  78,  3S8 
Nicholson's  (E.  W.  B.)  Keltic  Researches,  460 
Origines  Alphabeticse,  by  a  March  Hare,  460 
Oxford  Printing,  1468-1900,  80 
Oxfordshire,   Old,    Memorials   of,   ed.   by    P.   H. 

DitchBeld,  117 
Parry's  (Judge)   England's  Elizabeth :  being  the 

Memories  of  Matthew  Bedale,  439 
Plunket's  (Hon.  E.  M.)  Ancient  Calendars  and 

Constellations,  260 
Quarterly  Review,  179,  399 
Reliquary,  140,  439 
Rogers's  (S.)  Reminiscences  and  Table  Talk,  ed. 

by  S.  H.  Powell,  398 
Rules  for  Compositors  and  Readers,  280 
Rutland      Magazine      and      County      Historical 

Record,  440 
Ruvigny  and   Raineval's    (Marquis    of)    Blood 

Royal  of  Britain,  19 
Saint   Bernard,    Some   Letters   of,    selected    by 

F.  A.  Gasquet,  398 


526 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30,  1904. 


Books  recently  published : — 

St.  John  the  Evangelist,  Cambridge,  Admissions 

to  the  College  of,  ed.  by  R.  F.  Scott,  98 
St.  Mary  Magdalen  College,   Oxford,  Register  of 

Members,  439 

Savory  (William)  of  Brightwalton,  Life  of,  200 
Scots  Peerage,  Vol.  I.,  ed.  by  Sir  J.  B.  Paul,  357 
Shakespeare :    Oxford    Miniature    Edition,    79 ; 

Sonnets,  ed.  by  C.  C.  Stopes,  339 
Shiells's  (R.)  The  Story  of  the  Token,  139 
Ships  and  Shipping,  ed.  by  F.  Miltoun,  139 
Solon's   (M.    L.)    Brief  History  of  Old  English 

Porcelain,  199 

Songs  of  the  Vine,  selected  by  W.  G.  Hutchi- 
son, 98 

Stevens  (B.  F.),  Memoir  of,  by  G.  M.  Fenn,  78 
Stevenson's  (R.  L.)  Familiar  Studies  of  Men  and 

Books,  520 
Stroud's  (F.)  Judicial  Dictionary  of  Words  and 

Phrases,  99 

Stubbs's  (W.)  Lectures  on  European  History,  417 
Swan's  (H.)  Dictionary  of  Contemporary  Quota- 
tions, 279 

Swinburne's  (A.  C.)  Poems  and  Ballads,  518 
Thoyts's  (E.  E.)  How  to  Decipher  and  Study  Old 

Documents,  100 

Thurston's  (H.)  Lent  and  Holy  Week,  339 
Transactions  of  the  Royal  Historical  Society,  379 
Treasure's     (J.     P.)     Introduction     to    Breton 

Grammar,  200 
Upper  Norwood  Athenaeum,  Record  of  Summer 

Excursions,  1903,  100 

Vaughan's  (H.)  Poems,  ed.  by  E.  Button,  400 
Walpole's    (H.)    Letters,    ed.    by    Mrs.    Paget 
Toynbee,  Vols.  I.-IV.,  38  ;  Vols.  V.-VIIL,  498 
Wheatley's  (H.  B.)  Gerrard  Street,  200 
Wordsworth's  The  Prelude,  ed.  B.  Worsfold,  339 
Yorkshire,  Handbook  for,  259 
Yorkshire  Notes  and  Queries,  ed.  C.  F.  Forshaw,  320 

520 
Booksellers'  Catalogues,  59,  119,  180,  239,  298,  358, 

418,  499 
Bookselling  and  publishing,  bibliography  of,  81,  142, 

184,  242,  304,  342 

Bosham's  Inn,  Aldwych,  its  history,  105 
Bostock  (R.  C.)  on  William  of  Wykeham,  222 
Bouchier  (Jonathan)   on   proverbs  in   the  Waverley 

Novels,  383,  402 

Bovate,  use  and  meaning  of  the  word,  101,  143 
Bow,  last  used  in  war,  225,  278,  437,  497 
Bow  Bridge,  its  history,  461 
Bow-rake,  use  and  meaning  of  the  word,  85 
Bowdon  Parish  Church,  Cheshire,  curious  inscription 

near,  85 

Boyle  (M.  C.)  on  Rev.  Arthur  Galton,  349 
Boyle  (Robert)  on  the  Bible,  186 
Bozzaris :  authorship  of  '  Death  of  Bozzaris,'  268 
Brackenbury  (H.)  on  Sir  C.  Hatton's  title,  267 
Bradley,  co.  Southampton,  in  the  seventeenth  century, 

389,  456 

Braxton  (Carter)  and  Herbert  Spencer,  405 
Brazen  bijou,  kitchen  utensil,  369,  455 
Bre"guet  (Abraham),  clockmaker  to  Napoleon,  446 
Brenan  (G.)  on  Mundy,  134 
Breslar  (M.  L.  R.)  on  Edmund  Kean,  449 
Turner :  Canaletto,  168 


Brett  (C.)  on  Shakespeariana,  425 

Bridge,  its  derivation,  189,  250,  297,  394 

Bridlington,  pronunciation  of  the  name,  471 

Briefs,  old,  discovered  at  Claverley,  Shropshire,  474 

Brierley  (H.)  on  Jenny  Greenteeth,  365 

Bright  (Dr.)  his  epitaph  in  Oxford  Cathedral,  5 

Brightlingsea,  election  of  deputy  mayor,  72 

Brightwalton,  Berks,  field-names  at,  228 

Brigstocke  (G.)  on  Hopson,  Admiral  Sir  T.,  269 

Brindley  (James),  engineer,  his  biography,  310,375 

Bristow  on  Eugene  Aram,  389 

Britain,  Tennyson  on,  166 

British  Embassy  in  Paris,  its  history,  68 

British  waters,  Dutch  fishermen  in,  87 

Britons,  ancient,  works  on  the,  169 

Brixham,  Cofiin  House  at,  388,  493 

Brome  family  of  Bishop's  Stortford,  368 

Brooke  (Henry),  his  portrait  by  John  Lewis,  87,  153 

Brooke  (Henry)  on  John  Lewis,  portrait  painter,  153 

Broseley,  All  Saints'  Church,  briefs  for,  475 

Brothers  and  sisters  bearing  same  Christian  name,  67, 

257,  315,  457 

Brown  (W.  R.  H.),  Governor  of  Newgate,  126 
Browning  (E.  B.),  her  'Aurora  Leigh,'  47 
Browning   (Robert),   "He    himself  with  his   human 

hair"  in  'Christmas  Eve,'  208,  237;  "Thund«r-free' 

in  '  Pippa  Passes,'  504 
Bruges,  crown  in  spire  of  Notre  Dame,  157 
Brushtield  (T.  N.)  on  '  Edwin  Drood  '  continued,  37 
Raleigh :    his  head,    130 ;    two   portraits,   310 ; 

substituted  portrait,  403 
Tideswell  and  Tideslow,  52,  190,  372 
Brutus  on  Martyrdom  of  St.  Thomas,  452 
Nelson  and  Wolsey,  308 
Nine  parts  of  speech,  337 
Buchanan  (Mary),  first  wife  of  Warren  Hastings,  426 

494 

Buck = Indian  man,  65 

Buck  (Samuel  and  Nathaniel),  engravers,  309, 336,  870 
Buck-leap,  use  and  meaning  of  the  word,  85 
Buckeridge  (Bishop),  his  birthplace,  287 
Bucket,  in  "Kick  the  bucket,"  412 
Building  customs  and  folk-lore,  407,  515 
Buildings,  public  inscriptions  on,  448,  516 
Bulloch  (J.  M.)  on  Gordon  and  Zoflany,  107 
Bunney=a  gully,  489 
Burch,  Birch,  or  Byrch  families,  328,  417 
Burgess  &  Son  (J.)  on  paste,  510 
Burghclere  (Lord)  on  setting  of  precious  stones,  29 
Burke's  '  Royal  Descents,'  Joan,  daughter  of  James  I. 

of  Scotland,  in,  507 
Burlington,  written  Bridlington,  471 
Burns  (Robert),  English  commentators  on,  261,  321, 

375,  456  ;  "  Her  prentice  hand  "  and  other  antici- 
pations, 286,  357,  371 
Burton  (R.)  errors  in  Shilleto's  edition  of  '  Anatomy 

of  Melancholy,'  42,  163,  203,  282 
Butterworth  (S.)  on  Boer  War  of  1881,  277 
Button  (T.  C. )  on  Spenser  and  Shakespeare,  204 

Verses  on  women,  189 
Buttons,  military,  349,  472 
Byard  family,  348,  414 
Byng    (Admiral),    his    connexion   with    Torrington, 

Devon,  189,  256 
Byng  (C.)  on  Admiral  Byng,  189 
Byrch,  Birch,  or  Burch  families,  328,  417 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30, 1904. 


INDEX. 


527 


Byron  (Lord),  his  bust  by  Thorwaldsen,  205 

Byroniana,  488 

C.  on  Northall,  Shropshire,  226 

C.  (A.  B.)  on  women  voters,  372 

C.  (A.  R.)  on  epitaph  on  lieutenant  of  marines,  368 

C.  (E.)  on  "  Luther's  distich,"  409 

C.  (G.  E.)  on  "  A  gallant  captain,"  32 

Dickens  queries,  272 
O.  (H.)  on  "As  the  crow  flies,"  432 
Ecton  (John),  327 
Hanged,  drawn,  and  quartered,  410 
Hawkins  (William),  D.D.,  127 
Papers,  111 

Parkins  or  Perkins  (Sir  Christopher),  234 
"  Purple  patch,"  511 
Smyth  (Clement),  202 

Stephens  (William),  President  of  Georgia,  144 
Toys,  Wykehamical  word,  96 
William  of  Wykeham,  257 

O.  (H.  M.)  on  "  Don't  shoot,  he  is  doing  his  best,"  9 
O.  (J.  G.)  on  Kipples,  109 
O.  (J.  M.)  on  'The  Children  of  the  Abbey,'  127 
O.  (M.  J.   D.)  on  '  The  Grenadier's  Exercise  of  the 

Grenado,'  347 

O.  (E.  de)  on  battlefield  sayings,  268 
C.  (R.  S.)  on  mess  dress  :  sergeants'  sashes,  168 
Military  buttons  :  sergeants'  chevrons,  349 
Cade  (Salisbury),  Westminster  scholar,  1777,  209 
Cadzand=Guizzante  in  Dante's  '  Inf.,'  xv.  4,  182 
Callwell  (M.)  on  Papers,  18 
Cambridge,  Buckingham  Hall,  or  College,  108  ;  list  of 

graduates,  348 

Cambridge  (Duke  of),  his  death,  501 
Oamden    (William),    lines    on    "Artillarie"    in    his 

'Remaines,'  164  ;  on  English  surnames,  248,  314 
Campbell   (Admiral   Donald),  in   Portuguese   service, 

1797-1805,  309,  378 

Campbell  (Dr.  John)  on  the  Aryan  languages,  432 
Campbell    (Mary),    supposed    first   wife    of   Warren 

Hastings,  426,  494 

Campbell  (Thomas),  Oonalaska  in  his  '  Poems,'  486 
Camperdown  crest,  a  dismasted  ship,  248,  316 
'Canadian  Boat  Song,'  its  authorship,  145 
Oanaletto,  exhibition  of  his  paintings,  168,  217 
Oandelabras,  form  of  plural,  54 
Candlemas  gills,  origin  of  the  custom,  36,  75 
Canning  and  Sir  C.  Bagot,  their  correspondence,  469 
Cant  (Hans),  emigrant  from  Scotland  in  1678,  467 
Canterbury,  St.    Augustine's  and    St.   Dunstan,   149, 

216,  293  ;  antiquity  of  King's  School  at,  215,  269 
Canterbury  Cathedral,  its  High  Steward,  348,  412 
Capsicum  in  Spain,  73,  116 

Card  games  :  bridge,  189,  250,  297,  394  ;  patience,  268 
Cardigan  as  a  surname,  67,  97 
Cardinals,  their  grades  and  titles,  50  j  their  crimson 

robes,  71,  157,  214 

Carey  (T.  NV.)  on  Clavering  :  De  Mandeville,  149 
Carlisle,  pronunciation  of  the  name,  471 
Oarlyle  (Dr.  John   Aitken),  his   edition   of  Irving's 

'  History  of  Scotish  Poetry,'  325 
Carlyle  (T.),  allusion  in  'Sartor  Resartus,'  88,  137 
Caroline  (Queen),  accounts  of  her  trial,  127,  174 
Carols  and  lullabies,  children's,  56 
Carpenter   (Nathanael),  his  'Geography  Delineated,' 

1625,  22,  104 
Carson  family,  52,  377 


Carter  (Matthew),  his  '  Honor  Redivivus,'  434 

Carucate,  use  and  meaning  of  the  word,  102,  143 

Casata,  use  and  meaning  of  the  word,  102,  143 

Casting  lots  for  death,  military  custom,  366,  476 

Castle  Society  of  Musick,  71 

Castleton,  Derbyshire,  Royal  Oak  Day  celebration  at,  486 

Cat,  Cheshire,  in  America,  365,  513 

Catcliffe,  glass-making  in  1740  at,  51 

Gates  =  things  provided  by  the  catour  (caterer),  180 

Catesby  (J.)  on  Catesby  family,  408 

Catesby  ( Robert),  86 

Catesby  (Robert),  his  descendants,  86,  172 
Catesby  (Sir  William),  brass  effigy  of,  366 
Catesby  family,  408 
Cathedral  High  Stewards,  348,  412 
Catskin  earls,  226 
Caul  for  sale,  26 
Cave,  the,  at  Hornsey,  269 

Cedar  of  Lebanon,  first  planted  in  England,  its  death,  336 
Cedilla  in  the  '  Encyclopaedic  Dictionary,'  307 
Celtic  titles,  14 

Cemetery  for  Jews  in  ancient  London,  70,  296,  457 
Cemetery  for  French  refugees  in  London,  1721,  517 
Century:  "  the  present  century,"  386 
Chair  of  St.  Augustine,  369,  472 
ChSIons-sur-Marne,  mistletoe  in  church  at,  66 
'  Chambers's  Cyclopaedia  of  English  Literature,'  article 

on  J.  Gait  in,  145 

Channel  Isles,  earliest  printing  in,  349,  436 
Chantrey  (Lady),  her  burial-place,  368 
Chapel,    Little    Wild    Street,    Drury   Lane,    Storm 

Sermon  at,  77 

Chaperon,  applied  to  a  male,  54,  92,  110,  211 
Chaplain  to  theEdinburgh  Garrison,  revival  of  office,  145 
Charles  the  Bold,  his  connexion  with  the  House  of 

Lancaster,  189,  232,  335 
Charles  I.,  Sir  James  Hay  on,  65  ;  regicides  of,  169  ; 

letter  from  Archbishop  Williams  to,  447 
Charles  V.  on  languages,  227 
Chase  (G.  D.)  on  '  Derby's  Ram,'  306 

'Herring  Song,'  306 
Chastleton  House,  Oxfordshire,  Jacobite  wineglasses 

at,  204 

Chasuble  found  at  Warrington  Church,  its  history,  128 
Chateaubriand,  relic  of,  165 

Chatham  (Earl  of),  portrait  by  Gainsborough,  427 
Chaucer,  his  tomb  in  Westminster  Abbey,  28  ;  "For 

pite  renneth  sone  in  gentil  herte,"  121,  174,  198  ; 

"  Eek  Plato  seith,  who-so  that  can  him  rede,"  122, 

174  ;  "  And  Frensh  she  spak  ful  faire  and  fetisly," 

122  ;  the  young  Squire,  123  ;  R.  Bell's  edition,  404 
Chauncy  (Charles  and  Nathaniel),  66,  158 
Chauncy  (Sir  Henry),  county  historian,  66,  158 
Chelsea  Physic  Garden,  227,  270,  336 
Cheshire  or  " Jessy"  cat  in  America,  365,  513 
Cheshire  and  Lancashire  wills,  38 
Ihester  (Charles)  and  Carlo  Buffone,  381 
'hevinier,  meaning  of  the  word,  169 
hevrons  worn  by  sergeants,  349,  472 
Cheyne  (Charles)  and  the  Apothecaries' Garden,270, 336 
Chicago  in  1853,  Description  of,  165 

hild  murder  by  Jews,  fables  as  to,  15 
Childbirth  folk-lore,  15 
hildren  :    their  carols  and  lullabies,  56  ;   365  at   a 

birth,  68  ;  on  the  stage,  108  ;  still-born,  281  j  and 

Herbert  Spencer,  465 


528 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30,  1904. 


China,  venomous  spider  in,  265 
Chinese  ghosts,  176 
Chiswick  nightingales  or  frogs,  125 
Choker  and  chokey=to  be  in  prison,  457 
Chop-dollar,  use  of  the  word,  346,  456 
Christchurch,NewZealand,  inscription  on  museum,  268 
Christian  and  Koman  chronology,  86 
Christian  names,   curious,   26,   170,  214,    235 ;    full 
name  and   diminutive,    67  ;    brothers  and    sisters 
bearing  same,  257,  315,   457;  Lawrence,  c,   1498, 
310  ;  double,  315,  457 
Christmastide  folk-lore,  172 
Chronology,  Roman  and  Christian,  86 
Church,  crowns  in  tower  or  spire  of,   17,   38,    157  ; 
mistletoe   at   Chalons-sur-Marne,    66 ;    Procession 
door  at  Sandwich,  468 
Church-ale,  application  of  the  term,  37,  75 
Churchwardens'  accounts,  70 
Civilization  and  France,  448 

Clark  (A.)  on  '  Merry  Thoughts  in  a  Sad  Place,'  141 
Clark  (E.)  on  glowworm  or  firefly,  112 
Clark  (Kich.),  Chamberlain  of  London,  his  library,  469 
Clark  (Thomas),  Edinburgh  law  bookseller,  409 
Clark  family,  389,  456 
Clarke  (Cecil)  on  "  Chaperoned  by  her  father,"  93 

Puns  at  the  Haymarket,  269 

Vanishing  London,  447 

Clarke  (Dr.  Adam),  his  weather  observations,  441 
Clavering  and  De  Mandeville  families,  149,  213,  293 
Claverley,  Shropshire,  old  briefs  discovered  at,  474 
Clayton  (H.  B.)  on  last  peer  of  France,  225 

Stanley  (Sir  H.  M.),  his  nationality,  446 

Thieves'  slang :  "  Joe  Gurr,"  386 
Clergyman  as  privateer,  495 

dies  (Henrietta)  of  Lisbon  =  Admiral  Lord  Rodney,  226 
Clio  on  Thackeray  queries,  207 
Clock  made  by  Bre"guet  for  Napoleon,  446 
Clockmaker,  French,  J.  Turin,  107 
Close,  his  poems,  409 

Cloth,  Aylsham,  in  the  fourteenth  century,  4,  172 
Clover  Leaf,  Fellows  of  the,  7,  193 
Club,  name  for  a  university  women's,  489 
Clyse,  dialect  word,  111 
Cobden  bibliography,  481 
Cobham  (C.)  on  curious  Christian  names,  171 
Cobweb-pills  in  1781,  205,  273,  317 
Cockburn(F.N.)onThompsonofBoughton,co.  Kent, 87 
Cockle  (M.  J.  D.)  on  battlefield  sayings,  437 

Boer  War  of  1881,  395 

Bow  last  used  in  war,  225 

'  Yong  Souldier,'  428 

Cockshut  time,  explanation  of  the  phrase,  121, 195,  232 
Coffin  House  at  Brixham,  388,  493 
Coins  and  tokens,  copper,  how  to  clean,  248,  335,  456 
Cold  Harbour,  meaning  of  the  name,  341,  413,  496 
Coldstream  Guards,  origin  of  the  appellation,  30 
Cole  (Henry),  the  '  D.N.B.'  on,  224 
Coleman  (E.  H.)  on  Addison's  daughter,  151 

"  An  Austrian  army,"  211 

"  As  the  crow  flies,"  296 

"  Ashes  to  ashes,"  430  • 

Aylmer  arms,  155 

Barbers,  513 

Baxter's  oil  printing,  490 

Becket  (St.  Thomas  a),  452 

Building  customs  and  folk-lore,  515 


Coleman  (E.  H.)  on  Byard  family,  414 

Candlemas  gills,  36 

Caroline  (Queen),  her  trial,  174 

Catesby  (Kobert),  172 

Chauncy  (Sir  Henry),  158 

Chelsea"  Physic  Garden,  271,  336 

Clavering  :  De  Mandeville,  214 

Collectioner,  93 

Cottiswold,  334 

Cromwell  buried  in  Red  Lion  Square,  72 

"Crown  and  Three  Sugar  Loaves,"  215 

Dorsetshire  snake-lore,  253 

Egerton-Warburton,  296 

Fettiplace,  397 

Football  on  Shrove  Tuesday,  194 

Greig  (Admiral  Sir  Samuel),  433 

Guide  to  Manor  Rolls,  272 

Hen-hussey :  Whip-stitch  :  Wood-toter,  518 

Holies  (Gervaise),  251 

'  John  Inglesant,'  357 

Lancashire  and  Cheshire  wills,  38 

London  rubbish  at  Moscow,  208 

MacElligott  (Col.  Roger),  295 

Marriage  registers,  75 

Milestones,  133 

Morganatic  marriage,  52 

Napoleon,  his  reputed  son,  197 

Newton  (Isaac),  miniature  of,  315,  414 

Northall,  Shropshire,  377 

Obiit  Sunday,  28 

"Old  England, "255 

Peck  (William),  434 

Prescriptions,  453 

Pindar  family,  135 

"  Ringing  for  Gofer,"  6 

Rodney's  second  wife,  297 

Rowe  family,  356 

Sellinger,  491 

Shelley  (Samuel),  278 

Smallage,  330 

Southwell  (Right  Hon.  Edward),  56 

Speakers  of  the  Irish  House  of  Commons,  293 

Stoyle,  432 

Torch  and  taper,  196 

"Tymbers  of  ermine,"  492 

Wellington's  horses,  416 

"  Welsh  rabbit,"  70 

Women  voters,  372 

Yeoman  of  the  Crown,  273 

Coleridge  (S.  T.),  C.  Lamb,  and  Mr.  May,  61,  109 
Coll.  on  fictitious  Latin  plurals,  1 93 
Collectioner,  meaning  of  the  word,  28,  93 
Collins,  origin  of  the  name,  329,  398,  515 
Collins  (W.)  and  Gray,  parallel  passages,  456 
Colours  of  the  Queen's  Westminsters  and  St.   Mar- 
garets', Westminster,  363 
Coluberry,  curious  Christian  name,  214 
Columbus  (Christopher),  his  remains  claimed  by  Seville 

and  San  Domingo,  247,  332,  458 
Col  vac  surname,  387,  492 
Comber  (J.)  on  Comber  family,  47 
Comber  (Thomas),  LL.D.,  1722-78,  89 
Comber  family,  47,  89,  152,  212 

Com.  Ebor.  on  '  Nicholas  Nickleby ':  Capt.  Cuttle,  217 
Com.  Line,  on  county  tales,  505 

Holies  (Gervaise),  208 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30,  1904. 


INDEX. 


529 


Com.  Line,  on  Sanderson  (Robert),  227 
Comestor  Oxoniensis  on  Tideswell  and  Tideslow,  91 
Comet,  Halley'a,  86,  152 
Commemorative  tablets,  367 

Commission  convened  by  a  Member  of  Parliament,  88 
Constance,  Council  of,  legend  concerning,  8,  397 
"  Constantino  Pebble,"  Cornwall,  described,  33,  97 
Constantinople,  list  of  (Ecumenical  Patriarchs,  249 
"  Consul  of  God,"  application  of  the  title,  32 
Consumption  not  hereditary,  early  records,  427 
Cooper  (A.  L.)  on  Col.  Thomas  Cooper,  109 
Cooper  (Charles  Henry),  '  D.N.B.'  on,  412 
Cooper  (Col.  Thomas),  his  biography,  109 
Cooper  (Thompson),  his  death,  220,  246,  337 
Cope,  early  instances  of  its  use,  174,  278,  436 
Cope  (J.  H.)  on  Robina  Cromwell,  227 

Powell  of  Birkenhead,  226 
Copernicus  and  the  planet  Mercury,  509 
Copford  Church,  Dane's  skin  at,  15,  73,  155 
Copinger  (W.  A.)  on  Comber  family,  89 

Rous  or  Rowse  family,  55 

Copper  coins  and  tokens,  how  to  clean  them,  248,  335 
"  Copy  "= copyhold,  347 

Cordova  (R.  de)  on  late  intellectual  harvest,  469 
Corfield  (W.)  on  "  Glory  of  the  Methodists,"  406 

Willie  (William),  457 
Corn,  damage  to,  its  heinousness,  283,  394 ;  "  quarter 

of,"  340 

Cornish  lexicology,  326 

Corvo  (Frederick  Baron)  on  "  My  Lord  the  Sun,"  193 
Cots,  heirloom,  207 

Cottiswold  in  '  Marmion,'  its  locality,  334 
Cotton  (J.)  on  Paolo  Avitabile,  188 
County  tales,  505 

Court  posts  under  Stuart  kings,  107,  173,  198 
Courtenay  (H.  H.)  on  Catskin  earls,  226 
Courtenay  family,  389 
Courtney  (W.  P.)  on  the  Armstrong  gun,  436 

Children's  carols  and  lullabies,  56 

Churchwardens'  accounts,  70 

Greig  (Admiral  Sir  Samuel),  433 

Hinds  (Dr.  Samuel),  415 

"  Silly  Billy,"  232 

Cove  o'  Kend,  Walney  Island,  its  etymology,  387,  492 
Cowper  (W.)  on  hockey  in  1785,  385 
Crabbe  (G.),  bibliography,  86 
Crabbe  Off.)  on  "  My  Lord  the  Sun,"  126 
Craik  (Georgiana  M.),  her  first  novel,  346 
Crawley  (H.  H.)  on  Mary  Stuart,  28 
Cree  (A.  T.  C.)  on  William  Peck,  348 

River  divided,  391 

Creevey  (Capt.  William),  his  biography,  285,  355 
'  Creevey  Papers,'  Sir  H.  Maxwell's  edition,  285,  355 
Creswell  (Dr.  F.  S. ),  his  death,  280 
Crimson  robes  first  worn  by  cardinals,  71,  157,  214 
Cromwell   (Oliver),  buried  in  Red   Lion  Square,  72 ; 

his  supposed  head,  487 
Cromwell  (Richard),  his  second  wife,  456 
Cromwell  (Robina),  portraits  of.  227 
Crooke  (W.)  on  salep  or  salop,  98 
Cross  (Lieut. -Col.  William),  C.B.,  bis  biography,  407 
Cross- Crosslet  on  Tynte  book-plate,  449 

Lanark,  489 

Crouch  (C.  H.)  on  Bliss,  517 

Crouch  (F.  N.),  song-writer,  his  biography,  248,  333 
Crouch  (Nathaniel),  his  'Admirable  Curiosities,'  289 


Crowe  (Sir  Mitford),  Governor  of  Barbadoes,  170 
"Crown  and    Three  Sugar  Loaves,"  old  tea  house, 

167,  214,  297,  373 

Crowns  in  tower  or  spire  of  church,  17,  38,  157 
Croydon,  Whitgift's  Hospital,  its  threatened  destruc- 
tion, 498 

Crozier,  iron,  called  Tighern-mas,  408 
Crucifix  at  the  north  door  of  old  St.  Paul's,  165 
Crucifixion  folk-lore,  426 

Cuming  (Hy.  Syer-),  his  library  and  museum,  409,  436 
'  Cunard  Daily  Bulletin,'  first  ocean  newspaper,  504 
Cuplahills,  derivation  of  the  place-name,  189 
Cupples  (Rev.  William),  minister  of  Kirkoswald,  1720- 

1752,  109,  251 

Curran  (Mrs.  Mary  H.)  on  Ellison  family,  268 
Currie  (Dr.  J.),  date  of  his  death,  285,  355,  436 
Curry(J.  T.) on  Camden  on  surnames:  Musselwhite,  314 

Melancholy,  212 

Oranges,  Spanish  proverb  on,  206 

Prior  to  =  before,  114 

Wyatt  (Sir  Thomas),  his  riddle,  164 
Curtis  (T.  A.)  on  quotations,  190 
Cuttle  (Capt.)  his  original,  166,  217,  274 
Cyril  on  Hugo's  '  Les  Abeilles  ImpeViales,'  348 
D.  on  Cardigan  as  a  surname,  97 

Elizabeth  (Queen)  and  New  Hall,  Essex,  15 

French  miniature  painter,  211 

Hanged,  drawn  and  quartered,  371 
D.  (E.  H.  W.)  on  May  Monument,  497 
D.  (H.  L.  L.),  on  Ferdinando  Gorges  of  Eye,  148 
D.  (J.  S.)  on  Dolores,  musical  composer,  177 
D.  (T.  F.)  on  Dean's  Yard,  Westminster,  415 

'  Scots  Peerage,'  404 

Dahlgren  (E.  W.)  on  Thomas  Stradling,  66 
Dahuria,  a  district  in  Eastern  Siberia,  218,  337 
Dale  (Rev.  T.  C.)  on  Jamaica  newspaper,  169 

Lewen  (Miss)  and  Wesley,  189 
Dance  (George),  R.A.,  City  Architect,  367 
Daniell  (W.),  his  drawing  of  design  by  G.  Dance,  367 
Dante,  drama  by  Sardou  and  Moreau  on,  183 
Danteiana :  '  Inf.,'  xiv.  96,  "Sotto  il  cui  rege  fu  gia 
il  mondo   casto,"    181,    251;    xiv.    126,     "Pur  a 
sinistragiu  calando  al  fondo,"  181  ;  xv.  4,  "Quale 
i  Fiamminghi  tra  Guizzante  e  Bruggia,"  182 
Darwall  (Rev.  L.),  cope  worn  by,  in  1853,  174,  278 
Darwin  (Dr.  Erasmus)  on  signs  of  foul  weather,  442 
Dating,  Athenian  system  of,  489 
Davey  (E.  C.)  on  Fettiplace,  396 
Davis  (M.  D.)  on  "  Lombard,"  6 
Davy  (A.  J.)  on  Cofifin  House,  388 

"  Monkey  on  the  chimney,"  288 

Pannell,  256 
Dawes  (C.  R.)  on  Barnes  :   '  The  Devil's  Charter,'  467 

Marlborough  and  Shakespeare,  352 
De  Caux's  'L'idorloge  de  Sable,'  213 
De  Fontenay  (Madame),  her  correspondence  with  the 

Emmet  family,  52,  111 

De  Mandeville  and  Clavering  families,  149,  213,  293 
Dead  bell,  use  of  the  custom,  308,  350 
Dean's  Yard,  No.  1 7,  Westminster,  its  history,  336,  415 
Death  (Capt.),  privateer,  performance  for,  48,  93 
Death,  verdict  on  cause  of,  when  body  has  vanished,  508 
Death  and  sleep,  writers  on,  315,  355 
Death  bell,  use  of  the  custom,  308,  350 
Death  sequence  in  Sussex,  127 
Decorations,  foreign,  Queen  Elizabeth  on,  328 


630 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30,  1904. 


Dee  (Dr.  John),  his  magic  mirror,  16;  books  from 

his  library.  241 

Deedes  (Cecil)  on  "Ashes  to  ashes,"  429 
Reade,  393 
"  Sal  et  saliva,"  432 
Deer,  their  flesh,  47,  113 
Deffand    (Madame    du),    her    letters,    14,   68 ;    and 

Horace  Walpole,  325 
Delagard,    one     of    the    Countess  of   Huntingdon's 

preachers,  503 

Denison  (J.  E.)  on  "A  frog  he  would  a- wooing  go,"  227 
Denman  (A.)  on  Rev.  Obadiah  Denman,  67 
Denman  (John),  Westminster  scholar,  112 
Denman  (Rev.  Obadiah),  his  living,  67 
Denny  (H.  L.  L.)  on  Brome  of  Bishop's  Stortford,  368 
Fitzhamon,  132 
Forest  family,  67 
Potts  family,  128 

Derbyshire  church  notes,  by  Wyrley,  427 
Derwentwater  family  arms,  155 
Devereux  (W.)  on  Charles  Bernard  Gibson,  106 
Devitt  (E.  I.)  on  immurement  alive  of  religious,  153 
Devonshire  May  Day  custom,  406 
Dey  (E.  Merton)  on  Shakespeariana,  162 
Diabread  used  in  May  Day  celebrations,  126,  173 
Dialect  in  Somerset,  6 
Dibdin  (Charles),  bibliography,  463,  502 
Dibdin  (E.  E.)  on  Dibdin  bibliography,  463,  502 
French  miniature  painter,  137 
Sadler's  Wells  play  alluded  to  by  Wordsworth,  136 
Dickens  (Charles),  Mrs.  Corney  in  '  Oliver  Twist,'  5  ; 
'  Edwin    Drood '   continued,    37,    331  ;    "  a   black 
surplice "  in  '  Martin  Chuzzlewit,'  44  ;  original  of 
Esther  in  'Bleak  House,'  125  ;  error  in  'Nicholas 
Nickleby,'  166;  original  of  Capt.  Cuttle,  166, 217,  274; 
and  Scripture,  205  ;  "through  the  button-hole"  in 
1  Pickwick,'  228,  272,  298  ;  "  Tamaroo  "  in '  Martin 
Chuzzlewit,'  2'28,  272,  431 ;  "  Monster  of  the  iron 
road"  in  '  Dombey  and  Son,'  228  ;  brazen  bijou  in 
•Great  Expectations,'  369,  455 

Dickson  (D.),1647,  first  of  the  name,  518.  See  Dixon. 
Dickson  (Ellen),  musical  composer,  her  biography,  177 
'  Dictionary  of  National  Biography,'  notes  and  cor- 
rections, 144,  146, 151, 184,  224,  287,  307,  327,  328, 
366,  417 

Dictionary  of  schoolmasters,  189 
Dilliana,  curious  Christian  name,  171 
Diplomat  on  Walbeoff  family,  347 
Diplomatist  on  British  Embassy  in  Paris,  68 
Disease :  "the  worm,"  its  identity,  407,  492 
Ditchfield  (P.  H.)  on  building  customs  and  folk-lore,  407 
Dixon  (R.)  on  '  Ancient  Orders  of  Gray's  Inn,'  434 
Dickson  (D.),  518 
Dyxon  (Gayus),  449 
Inscriptions  at  Orotava,  Tenerife,  455 
Rodmell  family,  489 
Tideswell  and  Tideslow,  471 
Dixon,  Dickson,   or  Dyxon,  first  recorded  use  of  the 

name,  449,  518 

Dobson  (Austin)  on  Alexander  Pennecuik,  386 
Docet  (E.)  on  tickling  trout,  154 
"Dockizing"  instead  of  "  endocking"  the  river,  506 
Documents  in  secret  drawers,  427,  474 
Dodgson  (E.  S.)  on  Ainoo  and  Baskish,  264,  297,  513 
Boast,  its  etymology,  18 
Cornish  lexicology,  326 


Dodgson  (E.  S.)  on  "En  pentenne,"  its  origin,  408 

Golf,  is  it  Scandinavian?  168 

Hildesley  (Mark),  414 

Iberian  inscriptions  in  Hibernia,  388 

Latin  lines,  373 

Leifarraga's  books,  German  reprint,  284,  315 

London,  ancient,  its  topography,  517 

Mistletoe  in  church,  66 

Penn's  '  Fruits  of  Solitude,'  190 

Pius  X.,  anagrams  on,  146,  253 

Portugalete :  Fontarrabia,  443 

Printing  in  the  Channel  Islands,  349,  436 

Raymond  and  Pengelly  (Lords),  288 

Rime  or  rhyme,  35 

Send  of  the  sea,  368 

Seymour  (Sir  John),  his  epitaph,  232 

Shakespeare's  "Virtue  of  necessity,"  8 

Tideswell  and  Tideslow,  372 

Tugs,  Wykehamical  notion,  269 

Webster's  '  Basque  Legends,'  493 

Young  (Edward),  "  the  painter  of  ill-luck,"  126 
Doge  of  Venice,  likeness  blotted  out,  469,  517 
Doggestrete  in  ancient  London,  its  locality,  295 
Dolores,  musical  composer,  her  identity,  107,  177 
Doncaster,  epitaph,  "Howe,  Howe,  who  is  heare?' 

196  ;   motto  of  the  borough,  232 
Dormer  (J.)  on  Dahuria,  337 

English  Channel,  448 

Frost  and  its  forms,  116 

Gimerro,  156 

Iberian  inscriptions  in  Hibernia,  455 

Jacobin  :  Jacobite,  15 

Jesus,  the  name,  490 

Latin  plurals,  fictitious,  54 

Melancholy,  212 

Milestones,  133 

"Molubdinous  slowbelly,"  13 

Natalese,  515 

Prescriptions,  453 

"Purple  patch,"  477 

St.  Patrick  at  Orvieto,  131,  174 

Smallage,  330 

Sun  and  its  orbit,  476 

"  Top  spit,"  36 

Worm,  492 

Dornford  (James  William),  Westminster  scholar,  68 
Dorsetshire  snake-lore,  168,  253,  333 
Doughty  (G.  B. )  on  authorship  of  lines,  388 
Douglas  (R.  B.)  on  Soulac  Abbey,  272 
Douse  (T.  Le   Marchant),  his   'Examination   of  an 

Old  Manuscript,'  259,  313 
Douse  (T.  Le  Marchant)  on  'Examination  of  an  Old 

Manuscript,"  313 

Douthwaite  (Denis  W.),  presentation  to,  at  Dublin,  434 
Dowdall's  'Traditionary  Anecdotes  of  Shakespeare,' 128 
Downing  family,  44,  113 
D'Oyly  (Rev.  Dr.  G.),  his  descendants,  448 
Drake  (Sir  F.)  in  Mexico,  in  the  twentieth  century,  325 
Drake  (H.  H.),  inventor  of  the  Armstrong  gun,  388,  436 
Drawers,  secret,  documents  in,  427,  474 
Drawn,    hanged,  and  quartered,  form  of  the  punish* 

ment,  209,  275,  356,  371,  410,  497 
Dryden  (J.)  on  Shakespeare,  222;  his  portraits,  368, 

435 

Dryden  and  Howard  families,  87 
Du  Ah  Coo  on  "chop-dollar,"  346 


Notei  and  Queries,  July  30, 1904. 


INDEX. 


531 


Dublin,   William   III.   crowned   at,    446 ;    Macklin's 

engagement  at  Smock  Alley,  506 
Dunheved  on  our  oldest  military  officer,  389 
Dunkeld  (James,  first  Lord  of),  bis  marriage,  328 
Durand  (C.  J.)  on  last  of  the  war  bow,  497 
Dutch  fishermen  in  British  waters,  87 
Dyer  (A.  S.)  on  Bishop  Buckeridge's  birthplace,  287 

Foscarinus,  127 

Dyer  (Sir  Ed.),  "  My  mind  to  me  a  kingdom  is,"  487 
Dyxon  (Gayus),  of  Tonbridge,  Kent,  1565,  449,  518 
E.  (H.  D.)  on  Wyburne  family,  309 
E.  (K.  P.  D.)  on  gimerro,  107 

Hanged,  drawn,  and  quartered,  275 

Napoleon  on  imagination,  488 
Easter  bibliography,  265 

Easter  Day,   Kentish  custom  on,  324,  352,  391  ;  by 
Julian  reckoning,  324,  352,  390  ;  in  1512,  388,  452 
Easter  sepulchres  at  various  places,  265 
Easterbrook  (D.)  on  Raleigh's  head,  49 
"Easterling  "  and  East  Harling,  Norfolk,  505 
Ebsworth  (J.  W.)  on  '  My  Old  Oak  Table,'  16 
Economy  and  avarice,  adage  on,  38 
Ecton  (John),  additions  to  biography  in  'D.N.B.,'327 
Edgar  (King),  his  blazon,  76 
Edgcumbe  (R.)  on  Boer  war,  325 

History  ' '  made  in  Germany, "  5 

Leonardo  da  Vinci's  'Last  Supper,'  25 

Thorwaldsen's  bust  of  Byron,  205 

Torpedoes  anticipated,  286 

Edinburgh:  Gillespie's  Hospital  andWryttes  Houses,217 
Edinburgh  garrison,  Chaplain  to,  revival  of  office,  145 
Editor  on  Tenth  Series,  1 
Editorial : — 

Gates = things  provided  by  the  catour  (caterer),  180 

"  Facing  the  music,"  100 

"  Fat,  fair,  and  forty,"  460 

Laystall,  leastall,  leyrestowe=a  burial-place,  440 

Mildmay  (Sir  Humphrey),  his  '  Diary,'  220 

"  0  broad  and  smooth  the  Avon  flows,"  520 

Peacocks'  feathers  unlucky,  320 

Quarter  of  corn,  340 

"  Raining  cats  and  dogs,"  60 

Rime  v.  rhyme,  400 

Roper  (Margaret),  260 

"Ships  that  pass  in  the  night,"  60 

"Skoal !  to  the  Northland  !  Skoal !  "  280 

"  Sow  an  act,"  300 

"  Who  plucked  this  flower  ? "  200 

Women  and  crests,  400 

Edmunds  (A.  J.)  on  Cheshire  cat  in  America,  365 
Edwards  (E.  H.)  on  prints  and  engravings,  268 
Egerton-Warburton  (R.  E.),  epigram  by,  169,  296 
Egremont  (George  O'Brien,  third  Earl  of),  his  mar- 
riage, 148,  192,  233 
Eggs,  blue,  at  May  Day,  126,  173 
Eggs  and  collectors,  327,  372,  453 
Elba,  conspiracy  to  help  Napoleon  from,  328 
Elene,  picture  in  Parma  Gallery,  507 
Elephant  used  by  Warren  Hastings,  349 
Elephants,  their  age,  398 

Elgie(J.  H.)  on  Copernicus  and  the  planet  Mercury,  509 
Eliot  (George)  and  blank  verse,  14 
Elizabeth  (Queen)  and  New  Hall,  Essex,  15 
Ellacombe(H.N.)  on  epitaph  on  Sir  John  Seymour,  87 
Ellison  family  of  Boston,  Mass.,  268 
Elm,  large,  noted  by  Wesley,  349 


Elworthy  (F.  T.)  on  "  Sal  et  saliva,"  514 
Emeritus  on  "chop-dollar,"  456 

Indian  sport,  349 

Va'ghnatch  or  tiger-claw  weapon,  408 
Emmet  family  and  Madame  de  Fontenay,  their  corre- 
spondence, 52,  111 

'  Encyclopaedic  Dictionary,'  cedilla  in  the,  307 
England,  Old,  earliest  use  of  the  term,  189,  255,  316 
England  and   the  American  colonies  :  Pig  and  Kill- 
pig,  105 
' '  English  dogs  shall  only  wear  their  master's  collars," 

328 

English  (R.)  on ' '  Lost  in  a  convent's  solitary  gloom,"  98 
English,  foreign,  examples  of,  224 
English,  pigeon,  at  home,  506 
English  accentuation,  72 
English  Channel,  French  name  for,  448 
English  rule  in  France,  traces  of,  164,  253 
Engravings,  book  on,  268,  377;  "publisht  according 

to  Act  of  Parliament,"  309,  336,  369 
Enquirer  on  R.  H.  Brown,  126 
Envelopes,  their  introduction,  57,  133, 175 
Epergne,  use  of  the  word,  93 
Epigrams : — 

"  My  name  is  Benjamin  Jowett,"  386 

"  Nash  represents  man  in  the  mass,"  32,  96 

Pompadour  (Madame  de),  18 

Reynolds     (Sir    Joshua)  :     "  Laudat    Romanus 
Raphaelem,  Grsecus  Apellem,"  146 

"  Should  a  man  through  all  space  to  far  galaxies 

travel,"  386 

Epimenides,  St.  Paul's  quotation  from,  405 
Epitaph  by  Shakespeare,  126 
Epitaphs : — 

Adderbury  Church,  Oxfordshire,  233 

"Evasi  :  effugi,"  445 

Fewston,  near  Otley,  Yorkshire,  233 

Greek,  well-known,  444 

"  Here  lies  poor  Corydon,"  173 

"  Here  lies  retired  from  busy  scenes,"  368 

"  Here  sleepe  thirteen  together  in  oneToinbe,"  285 

"  Ho  !  ho  !  who  lies  here  ?  "  196 

"Optimus  &  Dominus  mihi  Maxim,"  345 

"Poor  John  Scott  lies  buried  here,"  69 

"  State  super  antiquas  vias,"  5 

Seymour  (Sir  John),  in  Bilton  Church,  87 
Epitaphs,  bibliography  of,  44,  173,  217,  252,  334 
Ermine:  "Tymbers  of  ermine,"  explanation  of  the 

term,  449,  492 
Error.     See  Misprints. 
Ese,  termination  in  English,  446,  516 
Estrege,  meaning  of  the  name,  469 
Euchre,  etymology  of  the  word,  13,  77,  116 
Euripides,  date  of  his  birth,  447,  476 
Evans  (H.  A.)  on  Jacobite  wineglasses,  204 

Shakespeare,  early  MS.  mention  of,  310 
Evil  eye,  and  scarlet,  148,  231  ;  in  England,  508  ;  in 

Sicily,  514 

Excommunication  of  Louis  XIV.,  69 
Eye,  evil.     See  Evil  eye. 
Eylisham.     See  Ayltham. 
Eyres  (Major-General  B.),  his  biography,  489 
F.  on  '  Die  and  be  Damned,'  328 

Pindar  family,  134 
F.  (D.  E.)  on  Fettiplace,  396 
F.  (F.  J.)  on  Browning's  "Thunder-free,"  504 


532 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30,  1904. 


F.  (J.  T.)  on  "  Ashes  to  ashes,"  429 

Caul,  26 

Cockshut  time,  196 

Diabread,  173 

"Going  the  round"  :  "  Roundhouse,"  76 

Jesus,  the  name,  490 

Lincolnshire  jingle,  266 

Lincolnshire  riddle,  204 

Moon  folk-lore,  125 

"Prior  to,"  175 

"  Sal  et  saliva,"  431 

"  Top  spit,"  36 

Worm,  492 

F.  (L.  R.)  on  Eliza  Scudder's  poems,  207 
F.jM.  E.)  on  glowworm  or  firefly,  193 

"  Recommended  to  mercy,"  338 
F.  (S.  J.  A.)  on  French  poems,  409 
"  Facing  the  music,"  100 
Fair  Maid  of  Kent,  her  descendants,  289,  374 
Fairholme  on  "All  roads  lead  to  Rome,"  48 
Fairs,  illustrations  of  West-Country,  48,  93 
Farmer  (Thomas),  his  memorial  inscription,  428 
Farmers-General  executed  in  the  French  Revolution, 

127,  174 

Farnley  Hall,  Leeds,  346 

Farquhar's  '  Beaux'  Stratagem,"  reference  to  tea  in,  456 
February  30,  instances  of,  166,  233 
Fellows  of  the  Clover  Leaf,  history  of,  7,  193 
Female  soldiers  :  Phoebe  Hessel,  406 
Ferguson  (Donald)  on  hanged,  drawn,  and  quartered, 

497 

Fergusson  (J.  R.)  on  epigram  on  Reynolds,  146 
Ferling,  a  measure  of  sixteen  acres,  354 
Ferrar  (Michael  Lloyd),  his  death,  380 
Ferrar  (Nicholas),  his  '  Harmonies,'  108 
Fetish  in  Nova  Zembla,  466 
Fettiplace  family,  329,  396,  473,  511 
Feudal  system,  248,  353 

Fewstone,  Yorkshire,  curious  gravestone  at,  233 
Fictitious  Latin  plurals,  54,  193 
Field-names  :  at  West  Haddon,  co.  Northampton,  46, 

94,  156  ;  at  Brightwalton,  Berks,  228 
Figs,  green,  and  St.  Peter,  148,  231 
Finch  (J.  R.)  on  James  Brindley,  310 
Finlay    (Robert)    and    Mitchel,    eighteenth  -  century 

bankers,  310,  374 
Firefly  or  glowworm  in  modern  poetry,  47,  112,  156, 

193,  216 

Firman  (F.  B.)  on  Dickensiana,  44 
Fiscal,  derivation  of  the  word,  51 
Fish  days  and  St.  Paul's  School,  290 
Fisher  (Rev.  Samuel)  and  Dr.  John  Reading,  156 
Fishermen,  Dutch,  in  British  waters,  87 
Fishwick  (Col.  H.)  on  Lancashire  and  Cheshire  wills,  38 

Pit=a  grave,  287 

Travers  family,  252 
Fitzhamon  family,  47,  132 

Fitzpatrick  (Richard)  and  Charles  James  Fox,  146 
Flaying  alive,  instances  of,  15,  73,  155,  352 
Fleet  marriages,  records  of,  9,  75 
Fleetwood  (George),  the  regicide,  his  biography,  422 
Fleetwoods,  and  Milton's  Cottage,  422 
Flesh  and  shamble  meats,  68,  293,  394 
Fletcher  (J.  M.  J.)  on  Wyrley's  Derbyshire  Church 

Notes,  427 
Foleit,  meaning  of  the  word,  309,  374 


Folk-lore :  — 

Birdscaring,  340 

Building  customs,  407,  515 

Childbirth,  15 

Christmastide,  172 

Cobweb  pills,  205,  273,  317 

Corpse  lying  over  Sunday,  127 

Crucifixion,  426 

Dorsetshire  snake-lore,  168,  253,  333 

Evil  eye,  and  scarlet,  148,  231;  in  England,  508  ; 
in  Sicily,  514 

Good  Friday  and  low  tides,  310 

Greenteeth  (Jenny),  365 

Japanese  regarded  as  sorcerers,  347 

Lobishome,  327 

May  Day  festivals,  160 

Moon,  125,  175,  252,  395 

Murderer,  disguised,  266,  395 

Number  superstition,  369,  457 

Peacocks'  feathers  unlucky,  320 

Salt,  514 

Scarlet  and  the  evil  eye,  148,  231 

Snow-rimes,  o92,  511 

Spider  cures,  205,  273 

Spittle,  514 

Water  hags,  319,  365 

Wife,  jealous,  147 

Fontarrabia,  etymology  of  the  name,  443 
Fonts,  desecrated,  488 

Football  on  Shrove  Tuesday,  127,  194,  230,  331,  435 
Ford  (C.  Lawrence)  on  architecture  in  old  times,  290 

Authors  of  quotations,  217,  275,  468 

Burns  anticipated,  357,  371 

Ford  (J.  W.)  on  smothering  hydrophobic  patients,  1 76 
Forest  family,  1604,  67 

Former  Petworth  Resident  on  Earl  of  Egremont,  233 
Forshaw  (C.  F.)  on  "  As  merry  as  griggs,"  36 

Aylsham  cloth,  172 

Bagshaw,  152 

Barbers,  famous,  513 

Beadnell,  ]  7,  515 

Brindley  (James),  375 

Byard  family,  414 

Carson,  377 

Chelsea  Physic  Garden,  270 

Constantine  Pebble,  97 

Copper  coins  and  tokens,  335 

Denman  (John),  112 

Farnley  Hall,  346 

February  30,  233 

Fettiplace,  396,  511 

Grammar  :  nine  parts  of  speech,  337 

Hell,  Heaven,  and  Paradise  as  place-names,  332 

Horn  dancing,  296 

"  I  expect  to  pass  through,"  316 

"  King  of  Patterdale,"  194 

Knight  Templar,  211 

Milestones,  133 

Mount  Grace  le  Ebor,  Monastery  of,  198 

Newton  (Isaac),  miniature  of,  315,  355 

'  Nicholas  Nickleby':  Capt.  Cuttle,  274 

Northall,  Shropshire,  297 

Passing  bell,  351 

Peck  (William),  513 

Prescriptions,  453 

River  diyided,  391 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30, 1904. 


INDEX. 


533 


Forshaw  (C.  F.)  on  St.  Dunstan,  216 
Shakespeare,  poems  on,  409 
Shakespeare's  grave,  331,  352,  416 
Shipton,  Mother,  406 
Smothering  hydrophobic  patients,  332 
Temple  College,  Philadelphia,  493 
Willie  (William),  67 
"Wilton  Nunnery,  318 
Forster  (M.)  on  Taylor  the  Platonist,  409 
Fortune  Theatre  in  1649,  85 
Foscarinus  as  a  Christian  name,  127,  198,  277 
Foster  (B.  J.)  on  cobweb  pills,  317 
"  Glory  of  the  Methodists,"  476 
"Purple  patch,"  510 
Foster  (J.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  474 

Latin  lines,  248 
Foster  ( J.  J. )  on  Quesnel,  8 
Foulard,  etymology  of  the  word,  307 
Fowey  :  "  Gallants  of  Fowey,"  origin  of  the  title,  505 
Fowke  (F.  Rede)  on  birth-marks,  494 
Fowler  (Dr.  J.  T.)  on  carved  stone,  158 
Fox  (Charles  James)  and  Richard  Fitzpatrick,  146 
France,  traces  of  English  rule  in,  164,  253  ;  last  peer 
of,    225  ;    Premier  Grenadier  of,    384,    470 ;    and 
civilization,  448 

Francesca  on  crowns  in  tower  of  church,  38 
Emmet  and  De  Fontenay  letters,  111 
Medical  barristers,  32 
Speakers  of  Irish  House  of  Commons,  227 
Franco-German  War,  landed  property  in,  226,  277 
Franking  letters,  57,  133,  175 
Frederick  Lewis,  eldest  son  of  George  II.,  lament  at 

his  death,  346 

Freeman  (E.  A.),  J.  R.  Green  on  his  '  Norman  Con- 
quest,' 225,  294 

Freeman  (J.  J.)  on  Swinburne,  49 
French  cloister  in  England,  207 
French  miniature  painter,  86,  137,  171,  211,  237 
French  poems  and  folk-songs,  409 
French  proverbial  phrases,  3,  485 
French  refugees  in  London,  1721,  their  cemetery,  517 
French  Re  volution,  Farmers-General  executed,  127, 174 
Fresshingfield,  Suffolk,  coffin-shaped  chapel  at,  493 
Frith  (W.  P.),  picture  of  Swift  and  Vanessa,  67 
"  From  whence,"  the  phrase,  9,  55 
Frost  (F.  C. )  on  crowns  in  tower  of  church,  38 
Frost  and  its  forms,  67,  116,  158 
Froude  (J.  A.)  on  York  Minster,  290 
Frozen  words,  a  nautical  yarn,  3 
Fullerton  (A.  Gr.),  his  biography,  113 
Fulture,  use  of  the  word,  225,  296 
Funeral  bell,  origin  of  the  custom,  308,  350 
Furnival's  Inn,    portraits   of  Lords    Raymond    and 

Pengelly  at,  288 

Furnivall  (F.  J.)  on  Browning's  '  A  Miniature,'  201 
Chaucer's  tomb,  28 
Fortune  Theatre  in  1649,  85 
Fynmore  (R.  J.)  on  Fettiplace,  473 
Fisher  ( Rev.  Samuel),  156 
Flaying  alive,  155 
Jacobite  wineglasses,  293 
Kennett  ( Bishop  White),  his  father,  73 
Mannings  and  Tawell,  255 
St.  Bridget's  Bower,  137 
William  of  Wykeham,  278 
'  Yong  Souldier,'  477 


G.  (A.)  on  "  Badger  in  the  bag,"  289 

"  Feed  the  brute,"  348 
G.  (F.)  on  glowworm  or  firefly,  47 

Robin  a  Bobbin,  172 
G.  (H.  C.)  on  German  quotation,  248 
G.  (J.  R.  F.)  on  '  Merry  Thoughts  in  a  Sad  Place,'  193 
G.  (J.  W.)  on  arms  of  Lincoln,  168 

Dowdall's    'Traditionary    Anecdotes    of    Shake- 
speare,' 128 
G.  (M.  N.)  on  American  Loyalists,  313 

"  Feed  the  brute,"  416 

Marlborough  and  Shakespeare,  352 

Willie  William,  315 
G.  (S.)  on  Curious  Christian  names,  170 
Gr.  (W.  H.  M.)  on  "As  merry  as  griggs,"  36 
G.  (W.  R.)  on  '  Memoirs  of  a  Stomach,'  27 
Gaboriau,  English  translation  of  his  '  Marquis  d'Angi- 

val,'  428 

Gainsborough's  Masonicportrait  of  Earl  of  Chatham,  427 
"  Gallants  of  Fowey,"  origin  of  the  title,  505 
Galton  (Rev.  Arthur),  his  writings,  349,  413 
Gambal,  gambrel,  or  gamble,  use  of  the  word,  41 2 
Games  :  State,  226  ;  badger  in  the  bag,  289,  355 
Gammack  (J.)  on  fraudulent  American  diplomas  and 

degrees,  44 

Gantillon  (P.  J.  F.)  on  curious  Christian  names,  26 
Garden  (Alexander),  M.D.,  'D.N.B. '  on,  328,  417 
Garden  at  Oxford  admired  by  Wesley,  349 
Gardens,  Maxwell  on,  288,  357 
Gardiner  (A.)  on  "  Barrar,"  434 
Garrick  (D.)  'The  Jubilee'  printed  at  Waterfbrd,  85 
Gaskell  (Mrs.  E.  C.),  Whitby  in  '  Sylvia's  Lovers,  187 
Gauden  (Bishop  John),  '  D.N.B. '  on,  307 
Gay  (John),  manuscripts  found  in  a  chair,  475 
Gaythorpe  (H.)  on  Walney  Island  names,  387 
Gedd  or  Geddes  (Dr.   Patrick),   Scotch  physician  at 

Santiago,  230 

Genealogy,  new  sources  of,  187,  218,  258,  396,  512 
Genoa,  Rubens's  '  Palaces  of  Genoa,'  267 
Geography,  Shakespeare's  knowledge  of,  51 
George  (H.)  on  Whitty  Tree,  469 
George  (Capt.  Thorne)  on  capsicum,  73 

Celtic  titles,  14 

Dee  (Dr.),  his  magic  mirror,  16 

Envelopes,  133 

Grenadier  Guards,  30 

Marriage  registers,  9 

Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  36 

"  Welsh  rabbit,"  70 

Georgia,  William  Stephens,  President  of,  144,  216,  334 
Gerish  (W.  B.)  on  Sir  Henry  Chauncy,  66 

Commemorative  tablets,  367 

Marriage  House,  33 

Mayers'  Song,  7 

German  literature,  Pope's  influence  on,  209,  336 
German  prophecy,  396 
German  quotation  :  "  Ohne  Phosphor  kein  Gedanke," 

248,  335 

German  reprint  of  Leicjarraga's  books,  284,  315 
Germany,  history  made  in,  5 
'  Gesta  Romanorum '  and  Tacitus,  6 
Ghent,  arms  of  city  in  fifteenth  century,  168 
Ghosts,  Chinese  and  Japanese,  176 
Ghosts'  markets,  206 

Giacoso  (Giuseppe)  on  Turin  National  Library,  387 
Gibbard  (William),  Westminster  scholar,  329 


534 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30, 1904. 


Gibson  (Kev.  C.  Bernard),  d.  1885,  his  biography,  106 

Gifford  (H.  J.)  on  Japanese  cards,  75 

Gilbert  (G.)  on  Col.  Roger  MacElligott,  295 

Gilbert  (Richard),  Westminster  scholar,  408 

Gilbert  (Thomas),  Westminster  scholar,  407 

Giles  (Robert),  d.  1578,  his  biography,  48 

Gillespie's  Hospital,  Edinburgh,  217 

Gillman  (C.)  on  glowworm  or  firefly,  156 

Gills,  Candlemas,  origin  of  the  custom,  36,  75 

Gimerro,  mixed  breed  of  animal,  107,  156 

Gimignano,  St.  Fina  of,  349,  415 

Girl,  etymology  of  the  word,  245 

Girtin  (G.  W.  H.)  on  Massinger's  'Fatal  Dowry,'  348 

Glass-breaking  at  Japanese  weddings,  195 

Glassmaking  in  1740,  51, 114 

Glasse  (Mrs.),  her  '  The  Art  of  Cookery,'  338 

Glastonbury,  St.  Dunstan  at,  149,  216,  293 

Gloucester  (Duchess  of)  and  the  Duke  of  Suffolk,  209 

Gloucester    (William    Frederick,    Duke    of),    "Silly 

Billy,"  184,  232 
Glowworm  or  firefly  in  modern  poetry,  47,  112,  156, 

193,  216 

' '  Go  for  "  =  attack,  225,  272 
God,  its  etymology,  74 
Godmanchester,  place-name,  518 
Goethe,  on  Byron  and  Pope,  209,  336  ;  prophecy  by, 

396  ;  translations  of  '  Wilhelm  Meister,'  489 
Gofer,  ringing  for,  at  Newark- upon-Trent,  6 
Golden  (W.  P.)  on  Lady  Chantrey,  368 
Golden  Ball,  Southwark,  its  register,  329 
Goldsmith   (Oliver)    and  Mary   Horneck,    310 ;   first 

French  translation  of '  Vicar  of  Wakefield,'  489 
Golf,  etymology  of  the  word,  168,  517 
Good  Friday  and  low  tides,  310 
Goodrich  (W.  J.)  on  Chauceriana,  121 
Goodwin  (Thomas),  D.D.,  his  third  wife,  189 
Gordon  (Duchess  of),  fan  used  by,  c.  1787,  310 
Gordon  (John)  and  ZoSany,  107 
Gordon  (Mr.),  his  garden  at  Mile  End,  349 
Gordon  (Theodore),  watchmaker,  107,  197 
Gorges  (Ferdinando)  of  Barbadoes,  and  Sir  F.  Gorges, 

"  Lord  Proprietor  of  Maine,"  148 
Gorges  (Sir  Ferdinando),  "  Lord  Proprietor  of  Maine," 

and  Ferdinando  Gorges  of  Barbadoes,  148 
Gosse  (Edmund),  his  use  of  the  word  "  phrase,1'  427 
Gosselin-Grimshawe  (Hellier  R.  H.)  on   'Our  Lady  of 

the  Snows,'  311 
Gould  (I.  Chalkley)  on  Clavering  de  Mandeville,  213 

Engravings,  370 

Gowers  (Sir  W.  R.)  on  'Our  Lady  of  the  Snows,'  311 
Gowran  (Lord),  c.  1720,  his  biography,  368 
Graham  (Sir  James)  and  Mazzini's  letters,  505 
Grahamize,  origin  of  the  word,  505 
Grammar  :  lines  on  nine  parts  of  speech,  94,  337 
Graves  belonging  to  other  families,  interment  in,  9 
Gravestones,  nameless,  173,  252 
Gray  (T.),  parallel  passages  from  Collins,  456  ;  '  Eleey ' 

in  Latin,  487 

Gray's  Inn  :  'Ancient  Order  of  Gray's  Inn,'  367,  434 
Green  (Everard)  on  arms  of  Pius  X.,  373 
Green  ( J.  R.)  on  Freeman's  '  Norman  Conquest,'  225, 294 
Green,  its  significance,  6 

Greene  (Rev.  Carleton)  on  Pope  and  German  litera- 
ture, 209 

Greenteeth  (Jenny),  water-hag,  stories  of,  319,  365 
Greenwich,  "  Ship  "  Hotel  at,  111,  375,  454 


Greenwich  Palace,  vandalism  at,  486 
Gregory  the  Great,  the  "  Consul  of  God,"  32 
Greig  (Ad.  Sir  Samuel)  in  Russian  Navy,  349,433,  492 
Grenadier  Guards,  origin  of  the  appellation,  30 
Grenadier  of  France,  Premier,  384,  470 

Grenadier's  Exercise  of  the  Grenado,'  347,  412 
Grenovicensis  on  excommunication  of  Louis  XIV.,  69 
Gretna  Green,  records  of  marriages  at,  9 
Griengro  :  Gringo,  meaning  of  the  words,  369,  478 
Grier  (Sidney  C.)  on  first  wife  of  Warren  Hastings,  426 
Griggs  :  "  As  merry  as  griggs,"  36,  94 
Grigor  (J. )   on  '  Chambers's  Cyclopaedia  of    English 

Literature,'  145 

Grimaldi  (Stacey),  his  list  of  Westminster  scholars,  267 
Grimsby,  Lincolnshire  tale  of,  505 
Gringo :  Griengro,  meaning  of  the  words,  369,  478 
Gruselier  (Gregory)  on  Estrege,  469 

Jesus,  the  name,  428 
Guernsey,  records  of  marriages  in,  9,  75 
Guest  family,  504 
Guimaraens  (A.  J.  C.)  on  Thomas  Farmer,  428 

Shakespeare  (Mary),  448 
Guiney  (L.  I.)  on  Emmet  and  De  Fontenay  letters,  52 

Hall  (Dr.),  268 
Guncaster,  identification  of  the  place-name,  448,  518 
Gurney  (J.  H.)  on  Ray's  Itineraries,  468 
Gurney  (M.)  on  authors  of  quotations,  428 
Gutenberg  and  the  '  Incendium  Divini  Amoris,'  2 
Gwynne  (Edward),  his  will,  1640,  466 
Gwytber  (A.)  on  "  In  matters  of  commerce,"  469 
H.  on  Cambridge  (late  Duke  of),  501 

Egremont  (Earl  of),  192 

"  Silly  Billy,"  233 
H.  2  on  English  in  France,  164 

Good  Friday  and  low  tides,  310 

Hell,  Heaven,  and  Paradise  as  place-names,  245 

Imaginary  or  invented  saints,  159,  333 

"  Mevagissey  duck,"  467 

"Meynes"  and  "  Rhines,"  49,  217 

Natalese,  446 

Picture  of  knight  in  armour,  29 
H.  (A.)  on  Alake,  468 

Amban,  506 

Clavering  :  De  Mandeville,  293 

Cold  Harbour  :  Windy  Arbour,  496 

Fettiplace,  396 

Hanged,  drawn,  and  quartered,  276 

Mitchel  &  Finlay,  bankers,  374 
H.  (A.)  on  Bellinger,  491 

H.  (A.  C.)  on  Edward  Williams,  drowned  1821,  368 
H.  (C.  F.)  on  Wellington's  horses,  329 
H.  (C.  M.)  on  smothering  hydrophobic  patients,  176 
H.  (C.  S.)  on  Easter  Day  by  the  Julian  reckoning,  352 
H.  (H.  K.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  474 

"Pannage  and  tollage,"  126 
H.  (H.  M.)  on  American  Loyalists,  269 
H.  (O.  O.)  on  birth-marks,  493 

Hockday  :  pottage  called  Hok,  496 
H.  (R.  A.)  on  "Twenty  thousand  ruffians,"  107 
H.  (R.  H.  E.)  on  heraldic  reference  in  Shakespeare,  290 
H.  (S.  H.  A.)  on  Lewknor  Gauden,  307 
H.  (W.  B.)  on  Byroniana,  488 

Epitaphs,  their  bibliography,  44 

Horn  dancing,  5 

Royal  Oak  Day,  486 
H.  (W.  H.)  on  Armstrong  gun,  388 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30,  1904. 


INDEX. 


535 


H.  (W.  S.  B.)  on  n  pronounced  ng,  247 
H.  (W.  T.)  on  St.  Fina  of  Gimignano,  349 
H — n.  on  riding  the  black  ram,  35 
Hackett  (F.  Warren)  on  "  Hen-Hussey "  :    "Whip- 
stitch "  :  "  Wood-toter,"  449 
Haddon,   West,    co.   Northampton,    field-names    at, 

46,  94,  156 

Hadstock  Church,  Dane's  skin  at,  155 
Haggovele,  derivation  of  the  word,  208,  256,  472 
Haines  (R.)  on  bow  last  used  in  war,  437 

Haynes  (Samuel),  335 

1  Irus,'  supposed  play  by  Shakespeare,  349 

"  Old  England,"  189 

Hake  (T.  St.  Egmont)  on  gringo,  griengro,  478 
Haklet  or  Hakluyt  family,  404 
Hall  (A.)  on  Aldwych,  205 

Chair  of  St.  Augustine,  369 

Penrith,  354 

"  Scole  Inn,"  Norfolk,  313 

Hall  (Dr.),  tutor  of  the  Earl  of  Roscommon,  268 
Hall(J.),  Bishop  of  Bristol,  1691-1710,  his  wife,  9,  72 
Halley  (E.),  his  comet,  86,    152  ;   his   two   voyages, 

1698-1700,  289 

Ham  (J.  S.)  on  passing  bell,  351 
Hamilton  (S.  G.)  on  King  John's  charters,  512 
Hand  or  hands,  kissing  the  sovereign's,  135 
Hanged,  drawn,  and  quartered,  form  of  the  punish- 
ment, 209,  275,  356,  371,  410,  497 
Harepath,  near  Exeter,  its  derivation,  190,  459,  517 
Harland-Oxley  (W.  E.)  on  Bellamy's,  518 

Chelsea  Physic  Garden,  271 

Christian  names,  curious,  171 

Hinds  ( Dr.  Samuel),  351 

Raleigh's  head,  130,  459 

St.  Margaret's  Church  and   the    Queen's  West- 
minsters, 363 

St.  Margaret's  Churchyard,  23,  62 

Westminster  Abbey  changes,  467 

Westminster  changes  in  1903,  263,  302 
Harleyford,  Buckinghamshire,  inscriptions  at,  516 
Harling,  East,  and  "  Easterling,"  505 
Harp,  the  Lamont,  329 

Harpsfield  (John  and  Nicholas),  '  D.N.B.'  on,  224 
Hart  (H.  Chichester)  on  Carlo  Buffone,  381 

Shakespeariana,  163 

Hartley  (Dr.  J.),  his  biography,  87, 156, 198,  253,  316 
Hartley  (Rev.  Salter  St.  George  John),  his  biography, 

87,  156,  198,  253,  316 
Hartshorne  (Albert)  on  tea  as  a  meal,  209 
Harvey  (Gabriel),  his  books,  267 
Hasped,  meaning  of  the  word,  366 
Hastings  (Warren),  his  first  wife,  426,  494 
Hastings  inscription  in  St.  Clement's  Church,  412 
Hatton  (Sir  Christopher),  his  title,  267 
Haultmont  ( M.)  on  "Chaperoned  by  her  father,"  211 

" Morale,"  205 

Havana,  storming  of  Fort  Moro,  1762,  448,  514 
Hawes  (Francis),  d.  1764,  his  biography,  8 
Hawker  (R.   S.),  his  Trelawny  ballad,  83,  405;  his 

ecclesiastical  vestments,  278,  436 
Hawkins  (William),  D.D.,  d.  1691,  his  biography,  127 
Hay  (Sir  James)  on  Charles  I.,  65 
Hay  (James)  on  Boer  War  of  1881,  395 
Hayes  (Mr.),  murdered  in  1725,  64 
Haymarket  Theatre,  puns  at  the,  269 
Haynes  (Samuel),  d.  1811,  his  parentage,  269,  334 


Heads  put  together  when  considering  verdict,  326 
Heardlome,  the  word  in  Court  Roll,  1604,  29,  75 
Hearts  of  celebrities  in  the  Hotel  des  Invalides,  385,  470 
Heaven,  Hell,  and  Paradise  as  place-names,  245,  332 
Hebb  (J.)  on  Beadnell,  18 

Begums,  14 

"  Coup  de  Jarnac,"  6 

French  proverbial  phrases,  485 
Heber's  '  Palestine,'  parallel  passages,  69 
Heech,  the  word  in  Court  Roll,  1604,  29,  75 
Heelis  (J.  L.)  on  "  Better  the  day,  better  the  deed,"  448 

Chateaubriand,  relic  of,  165 

Napoleon's  power  of  awaking,  446 

Russian  prediction,  445 

Heine,  his  legend  of  Council  of  Basle,  8,  397 
Helena  (Queen)  in  London,  29 
Helga  on  Batrome,  252,  378 

"Bisk,"  138 

Caroline  (Queen),  her  trial,  127 

Charles  the  Bold,  232 

Charles  V.  on  languages,  227 

Christian  names,  curious,  236 

Fair  Maid  of  Kent,  289 

James  I.  of  Scotland,  his  daughters,  507 

Links  with  the  past,  325 

Penn's  '  Fruits  of  Solitude,'  275 

"Quice,"126 

Royal  family,  127 

Hell  in  place-names,  46,  94,  156,  245,  332 
Helston,  "  Furry  Dance  "  at,  333 
Hemingford  Abbats,  inscription  to  John  Hildesley  at,  414 
Hems  (H.)  on  Hell,  Heaven,  and  Paradise,  332 

Railway  train,  first  steam,  225 

Wolverhampton  pulpit,  476 
Hen-hussey,  use  of  the  word,  449,  475 
Heraldry : — 

Argent,  on  a  cross  gules  a  fleur-de-lis  or,  168,  234 

Aylmer  arms,  155 

Bullion,  e'cartele',  au  premier  et  quatrieme,  409 

Derwentwater  arms,  155 

Edgar  (King),  his  blazon,  76 

Ghent  city  arms,  168 

Gules,  two  lions  passant  gardant  or,  168,  234 

Pius  X.,  his  arms,  309,  373 

Platt  (Sir  Hugh),  207 

Sable,  an  escutcheon  of  pretence,  329 

Shakespeare,  '  2  Henry  VI.,'  IV.  i.,  290,  338 

Women  and  crests,  400 
Herapath  (E.  L.)  on  Harepath,  190 
Herberley  and  Thomas  Neale,  509 
Heron-Allen  (E.)  on  birth-marks,  430 

'  Lord  Bateraan  and  his  Sophia,'  168 

Sleep  and  Death,  355 

Tea  as  a  meal,  176,  210 
Herondas  or  Herodas,  date  of  his  mimes,  68,  216,  336 
Herpich  (C.  A.)  on  Marlowe  and  Shakespeare,  1 

Quotations,  56 

Shakespeare  allusion,  6 

Shakespeare's  "Virtue  of  necessity, "  110 
Herring  called  a  Mevagissey  duck,  467 
Hertford  borough  seal,  448 
Hertfordshire  Mayers'  song,  7 
Hertingfordbury  Church,  Herts,  nameless  gravestone 

at,  173 

Eeslop  (R.  0.)  on  passing  bell,  350 
Bessel  (Phoebe)  the  Stepney  amazon,  406 


536 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30,  1904. 


Heuskarian  translation  of  the  Bible,  284,  315 
Heward  (W.  L.)  on  storming  of  Fort  Moro,  448 
Hibernia,     See  Ireland. 
Hibgame  (F.  T.)  on  brazen  bijou,  369 

Children  of  the  Chapel,  458 

Close  (Poet),  409 

Coffin  House,  493 

Cope,  174 

Crouch,  the  musical  composer,  248 

Dorsetshire  snake-lore,  333 

Evil  eye,  508 

Gaboriau's  '  Marquis  d'Angival,'  428 

Hinds  (Dr.  Samuel),  227 

Hessel  (Phcebe),  406 

Little  Wild  Street  Chapel,  77 

Nelson  at  Bath,  366 

Passing  bell,  351 

Hieroglyphics,  references  to  the  supernatural  in,  290 
Higden  (Ralph)  and  Thomas  Usk,  245 
Higgin  (L.),  his  '  Spanish  Life  in  Town  and  Country,'  326 
High  Stewards  of  cathedrals,  348,  412 
Higham  (C.)  on  Berlioz  and  Swedenborg,  26 
Hildesley  (John),  memorial  at  Hemingford  Abbats,  414 
Hildesley  (Mark),  memorial  in  Lincoln's  Inn  Chapel, 

344,  414,  475 

Hill  (G.)  on  Camden  on  surnames  :  Mussel  white,  248 
Hilson  (J.  Lindsay)  on  passing  bell,  350 
Hinds  (Dr.  Samuel),   formerly   Bishop  of    Norwich, 

227,  351,  415,  517 

Hio  on  "  Crown  and  Three  Sugar  Loaves,"  167 
Hippoclides  on  "  As  merry  as  griggs,"  94 

"Ashes  to  ashes,"  387 

Thackeray  quotation,  189 

West-Country  fair,  48 
History  "made  in  Germany,"  5 
Hitchin-Kemp  (F.)  on  Samuel  Haynes,  334 

Heirloom  cots.  207 

Historical  geography  of  London,  258 

Yeoman  of  the  Crown,  457 
Hobby-horse  dancing,  5,  296 

Hobgoblin's  claws,  in  Mortimer's  'Husbandry,'  93 
Hockday  and  a  pottage  called  hok,  187,  496 
Hockey  in  1785,  Cowper  on,  385 
Hodges  (W.)  on  "  As  merry  as  griggs,"  36 
Hodgkin  ( J.  Eliot)  on  Pig  and  Kill-pig,  105 

Playbills,  earliest,  71 

'  Poliphili  Hypnerotomachia,'  errors  in,  4 
Hogan  (J.  F.)  on  Hell,  Heaven,  and  Paradise,  332 
Hogarth,  Act  of  Parliament  bearing  his  name,  369 
Hok  pottage  and  Hockday,  1 87,  496 
Holinsworth  (C.  B.)  on  glowworm  or  firefly,  112 
Holies  (Gervaise),  his  church  notes  and  other  MSS., 
208, 251 ;  and  the  aurora  borealis  in  Lincolnshire,  242 
Holt  (Henry  Frederick  and  Walter  Lockhart)  inquired 

after,  29 

Holyoake  (G.  J.)  on  Sir  Edward  Dyer,  487 
Hone  (N.)  on  martyrdom  of  St.  Thomas,  450 
Hone  family,  389 

Hood  (Lord),  letter  on  Martello  towers,  477 
Hooker  (Sir  Joseph  D.)  on  isabelline  as  a  colour,  487 
Hooligan  in  Russian,  125 
Hooper  (J.)  on  birth-marks,  362 

Bristow  on  Eugene  Aram,  389 

Cathedral  High  Stewards,  348 

Fable  from  Ariosto,  290 

"  Sal  et  saliva,"  368 


Hooper  (J.)  on  "  Scole  Inn,"  Norfolk,  394 
Hope  (H.  Gerald)  on  Carson,  52 

Clavering :  De  Mandeville,  213 

Hastings  (Warren),  his  first  wife,  494 

"I  expect  to  pass  through,"  433 

Immurement  alive  of  religious,  152 

Jacobite  wineglasses,  392 

Louis  XVII.,  375 

MacElligott  (Col.  Roger),  294 

Marlborough  and  Shakespeare,  353 

Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  90 

Premier  Grenadier  of  France,  384 

Raleigh's  head,  197 

St.  Fina  of  Gimignano,  415 

Westminster  changes  in  1903,  355 
Hope  (J.  E.  S.)  on  the  '  Times,'  1962,  470 
Hopkins  (F.  A.)  on  William  Willie,  257 
Hopson  (Admiral  Sir  T.),  1643-1717,  his  marriage,  269 
Horace,  first  edition,  103,  338 

Horn  (Alexander)  and  the  '  Incendium  Divini  Amoris,'  2 
Horn  dancing,  revival  of  the  custom,  5,  296 
Horneck  (Mary)  and  Oliver  Goldsmith,  310 
Horner  (S.)  on  '  Ancient  Orders  of  Gray's  Inn,'  434 
Horse,  Latin  for  "  roping  "  a,  448,  513 
Horse  or  horses,  plural  in  Shakespeare,  342,  424 
Horses  of  Duke  of  Wellington,  329,  416 
Hough  (John),  Bishop   of  Winchester,   anecdote    of 

himself,  431 
Housden  (J.  A.  J.)  on  "Disce  pati,"  316 

Envelopes,  57 

Grahamize,  505 

Privy  Council  under  James  L,  131 
Houses,  Roman  tenement,  369 
Howard  and  Dry  den  families,  87 
Howard  (W.)  on  John  Mottley,  dramatist,  367 
Howell  (M.A.),  on  '  Astraea  Victrix,'  7 
Huddersfield  history,  107 
Hudson  (C.  M.)  on  Browning's  text,  208 
Hudson  (Tom),  his  '  My  Oak  Table,'  16 
Hughes  (T.  Cann)  on  Bagshaw,  295 

Birch,  Burch,  or  Byrch  families,  417 

Comber  family,  212 

Fellows  of  the  Clover  Leaf,  7 

Ferrar  (Nicholas),  his  '  Harmonies,'  108 

Holt  (Henry  Frederick  and  Walter  Lockhart),  29 

Lament  harp,  329 

Leche  family,  397 

Manning  (Rev.  C.  Robertson),  67 

Pannell,  172 

Roman  Lanx,  86 

Syer-Cuming  collection,  409 

Tickling  trout,  274 

Welsbach  (Caspar),  509 

Wolverhampton  pulpit,  407 

Hugo  (Victor),  his  '  Les  Abeilles  Impe*riales,'  348,  391 
Hulton  (Blanche)  on  "  Barrar,"  435 

Engravings,  309 
Hundred  Courts  still  existing,  127,  197 
Hunter- Blair  (Sir  D.  Oswald)  on  "  Sal  et  saliva,"  432 
Huntington  family,  389 
Huntley  (Mrs.)  on  carved  stone,  109 
Huquier,     father   and     son,    French     engravers    in 

England,  469 
Hussey  (A.)  on  Cathedral  High  Stewards,  412 

Chair  of  St.  Augustine,  473 

Easter  Day,  Kentish  custom  on,  391 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30,  1904. 


INDEX. 


537 


Hussey  (A.)  on  Guncaster,  518 

"  Mustlar  "  :  "  Musky  11,"  228 

Potts  family,  434 

Procession  door,  468 

Torch  and  taper,  109 

Yeoman  of  the  Crown,  208 
Hutchinson  (John)  on  Raleigh,  its  pronunciation,  90 

Shakespeariana,  161 
Hutchinson  (M.  B.)  on  Ipswich  Apprentice  Books,  41, 

111 
Hutchinson  (T.)  on  Lamb,  Coleridge,  and  Mr.  May, 

61,  109 

Hydrophobic  patients  smothered,  65,  176,  210,  332 
Hymn-writer,  leper,  227,  297 
Hymns  :  "  O  come,  all  ye  faithful,"  10,  54 
Hymns  by  Isaac  Watts,  508 
I.  on  ejected  priests,  9 

Interment  in  graves  belonging  to  other  families,  9 

Omega,  an  old  contributor,  8 
I.  (C.  J.)  on  Roman  and  Christian  chronology,  86 

Eliot  (George),  and  blank  verse,  14 
I.  (J.  H.)  on  Marlowe's  birth,  491 
I.  (W.)  on  King  John's  charters,  469 
lago  (W.)  on  St.  Mewbred,  377 
Ibague*  on  accentuation  in  English,  72 

Childbirth  folk-lore,  15 
Iberian  inscriptions  in  Hibernia,  388,  455 
Imaginary  or  invented  saints,  159,  333 
Imagination,  Napoleon  Bonaparte  on,  488 
Immurement :    of  nans  alive,  50,  152,  217  ;    in  sea- 
walls, 288 

Incense  in  post-Reformation  times,  178 
Indian  sport,  records  of,  349,  397,  455 
Indiana  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  297 
Ingleby  (H. )  on  epitaph  by  Shakespeare,  126 

"  Kick  the  bucket,"  412 

Prescriptions,  409 

Tasso  and  Milton,  202 

Ingram  (J.  H. )  on  Poe  :  a  supposed  poem,  145 
Inman  (J.  E.),  his  '  Le  Premier  Grenadier  des  Armees 

de  la  Republique,'  385 
Innes  (J.  H.)  on  '  New  Amsterdam,'  161 

Inns  of  Court,  married  members,  488 
Inquirer  on  Bartolozzi,  289 

Inscriptions  :  on  statue  of  James  II.,  67,  137  ;  near 
Bowden  Parish  Church,  85  ;  on  museum  at  Christ- 
church,  New  Zealand,  268;  at  Orotava,  Tenerife, 
361,  455  ;  in  Hibernia,  388,  455  ;  at  Santa  Cruz, 
Tenerife,  442  ;  on  public  buildings,  448,  516;  at 
Las  Palmas,  482 

Intake  :  "  Jenion's  Intake,"  near  Chester,  407,  477 
Intellectual  harvest,  late  in  life,  469 
Interment  in  graves  belonging  to  other  families,  9 
Ipswich,  inscription  in  St.  Margaret's  Church,  368,  431 
Ipswich  Apprentice  Books,  41,  111 
Ireland,  Iberian  inscriptions  in,  388,  455 
Ireni    Jacobi    Fanny  Jessop   Cavendish    de    Rienzi 
Selina  Anna  Susannah  Skelton  Peter,  child  named, 
171 

'  Irus, '  supposed  play  by  Shakespeare,  349 
Irish  ejaculatory  prayers,  249,  337,  492 
Irish  historical  and  artistic  relics,  206 
Irish  House  of  Commons,  Speakers  1660-1780,  227,  293 
Irish-printed  plays,  84 
Irish  surnames,  their  pronunciation,  125 
Irving  (Dr.  David),  his  '  History  of  Scotish  Poetry,'  325 


Isabelline  as  a  colour,  487 

Ivy,  the  oak,  and  the  ash,  35 

J.  on  curious  Christian  names,  171 

J.  (F.  C.)  on  Madame  de  Pompadour's  library,  445 

J.  (F.  M.)  on  copper  coins  and  tokens,  248 

Wesley  (John)  and  gardens,  349 
J.  (J.  H.)  on  "Scole  Inn,"  Norfolk,  454 
J.  (W.  W.)  on  Rev.  Dr.  G.  D'Oyly,  448 
Jack-bar  or  bijou,  456 
Jackson  (E.)  on  Collins,  329 
Jackson  (F.  M.)  on  Miss  Lewen  and  Wesley,  218 

Rankin  (Thomas),  366 

Jacobin  and  Jacobite,  their  differing  origins,  15 
Jacobite  wineglasses,  204,  293,  392 
Jaggard  (W.)  on  '  Children  of  the  Chapel,'  459 

Collectioner,  28 

Inscriptions  on  public  buildings,  516 

Jaggard,  East  Anglian  family,  489 

Jaggard- printed  books,  506 

Paste,  477,  510 

Poems  on  Shakespeare,  472 

Prescriptions,  454 
Jaggard  family,  489 
Jaggard-printed  books,  506 
Jago  (F.  W.  P.)  on  Cornish  lexicology,  326 
Jamaica  newspaper,  early,  169 

James  I.,  "God's  silly  vassal,"  17;  his  Privy  Coun- 
cillors, 131 

James  I.  of  Scotland,  his  daughters,  507 
James  II.,  inscription  on  statue,  67,  137 
James  (Rev.  E.  B.),  his  letters  on  the  Isle  of  Wight, 

334 

Janion  (C.)  on  "Jenion's  Intack,"  407 
January  weather-lore,  65 
Japanese  customs  on  New  Year's  Day,  25 
Japanese  date  plum,  its  markings,  212 
Japanese  ghosts,  176 
Japanese  master  of  lies,  485 
Japanese  monkeys,  334 

Japanese  names,  their  pronunciation,  187,  238 
Japanese  playing  cards,  29,  75 
Japanese  weddings,  glass- breaking  at,  195 
Jarratt  (F.)  on  architecture  in  old  times,  334 
Jealousy,  water  of,  Oriental  story,  147 
Jeer,  derivation  of  the  word,  70 
"  Jenion's  Intake,"  near  Chester,  407,  477 
Jenkins  (H.  T.)  on  North  Devon  May  Day  custom,  406 
Jenkins's  ear,  war  of,  288 
Jerram  (C.  S.)  on  glowworm  or  firefly,  193 

Proverbs  in  the  Waverley  Novels,  455 

"Purple  patch, "510 
Jessamy  bride,  meaning  of  the  term,  310 
Jessel  (F.)  on  derivation  of  bridge,  250 

Euchre,  13,  116 

Japanese  cards,  75 

Patience,  card  game,  268 
"  Jessy  "  or  Cheshire  cat  in  America,  365 
Jesus,  a  form  of  Joshua,  428,  490 
Jevons  (F.  B.),  his  '  History  of  Greek  Literature,'  447, 

476  ;  date  of  Euripides,  476 

Jews,  fables  as  to  child-murder  by,  15  ;  their  cemetery 
in  ancient  London,  70,  295,  457 ;  in  London  circa 
1660,  124  ;  and  the  stage,  449 
Joan,  daughter  of  James  I.  of  Scotland,  507 
Jode  (Gerarde),  artist,  his  biography,  288 
Jode  (W.  L.)  on  Gerarde  Jode,  288 


538 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30,  1904. 


"Joe  Gurr,"  slang  term  for  prison,  386,  457 
John  (King),  places  in  his  charters,  469,  512 
John  of  Bologna,  statue  by,  28 
Johnston  (C.  E.)  on  Major-General  Eyres,  489 
Johnston  (J.  B.)  on  German  quotation,  335 
Johnston  (W.  J.)  on  Louisa  M.  Alcott,  489 
Jong,  Tibetan  word  in  English,  465 
Jonson    (Ben),    his    '  Devil    is    an    Ass,'     29 ;     his 
'Alchemist,'    223;     torpedoes    anticipated,     286; 
Pepys  on,  292  ;  Carlo  Buffone  in  '  Every  Man  out 
of  his  Humour,'  381 

Joshua,  Jesus  a  form  of  the  name,  428,  490 
Jowett  (Prof.)  and  Dr.  Whewell,  386 
Julian  reckoning,  Easter  Day  by,  324,  352,  390 
Jumieges,  Abbey  of,  its  reconstruction  in  England,  207 
K.  (A.  T.)  on  acerbative,  27 

''  Crown  and  Three  Sugar  Loaves,"  297 
K.  (F.  M.  H.)  on  Rowe  family,  269 
K.  (H.)  on  Russian  men-of-war,  385 
K.  (J.  H.)  on  "  Creevey  Papers,"  285,  436 

"He  who  knows  not,"  235 
K.  (L.  L.)  on  Nicome  de  Bianchi,  349 
Capsicum,  116 

"  Chiswick  nightingales,"  125 
Dryden  portraits,  435 
Leonardo  da  Vinci  in  Milan,  26 
Lorenzo  da  Pavia,  76 
Pamela,  495 

"  Riding  Tailor  "  at  Astley's,  508 
Soulac  Abbey,  209 
Tatar  or  Tartar,  11 
Tunnelist:  tunnelism,  27 
Werden  Abbey,  111 

Kant  (Immanuel),  his  Scotch  origin,  467 
Kantius  on  Immanuel  Kant,  467 
Kappa  on  hanged,  drawn  and  quartered,  209 

Port  Arthur,  407 

Kean  (Edmund),  his  Jewish  strain,  449 
Keiley  (A.  M.)  on  derivation  of  bridge,  297 
Kernpland  (Frederick),  Westminster  scholar,  126 
Kennett  (Bishop  White),  his  father,  73 
Kent,  descendants  of  the  Fair  Maid  of,  289,  374 
Kentish  custom  on  Easter  Day,  324,  391 
Kenworthy  (J.)  on  Tideswell  and  Tideslow,  292 
Kidd  (William  Holland),  Westminster  scholar,  148 
King  (Sir  C.  S.)  on  Lord  Gowran,  368 

King  (Luke)  Deputy-Muster-Master,  226 
Mitchel  and  Finlay,  bankers,  310 
Southwell  (Right  Hon.  E.),  8,  218 
Tituladoes,  449 

King  (F.)  on  "  First  catch  your  hare,"  175 
King  (J.)  on  tinsel  characters,  47 
King  (Luke),  Deputy-Muster-Master,  Ireland,    1689. 

226 

King  of  Patterdale,  the  appellation,  149,  193,  276 
King's   County,  members  for  county   and   boroughs, 

227,  293 

Kings,  names  of  English,  225 
Kingston-on- Thames,    Queen  Elizabeth's   School   at, 

166,  215 

Kingston-upon-Hull,  Easter  sepulchre  at,  265 
Kipling  (Rudyard),  his  'Our  Lady   of  the   Snows,' 

246,  311,  392 

Kipples  family  of  Glasgow,  109,  251 
Knight  in  armour,  picture  of,  29 
Knights  Templars,  points  in  their  cross,  149,  211,  338 


Kom  Ombo  on  '  Wilhelm  Meister,'  489 

Korean  and  Manchurian  names,  265 

Krebs  (H.)  on  Siberia,  346 

Kroencke  (E.),  book  collector,  his  biography,  148,  198 

Krueger  (G-.)  on  Ash  as  place-name,  72 

German  quotation,  339 

Immortality  of  animals,  336 

Jeer,  70 

"Let  the  dead  bury  their  dead,"  488 

"Luther's  distich,"  473 

Pamela,  433 

Welsh  rabbit,  70 
L.  on  inscription  on  museum,  268 
L.  (A.  A.)  on  riddle,  207 

L.  (E.  M.)  on  "  Lost  in  a  convent's  solitary  gloom,"  67 
L.  (F.  de  H.)  on  Warren  Hastings's  first  wife,  494 

Hinds  (Dr.  Samuel),  517 
L.  (F.  F.)  on  Capt.  Death,  48 

Woffington  (Peg),  her  letter,  124 
L.  (G.)  on  "  He  who  knows  not,"  277 
L.  (P.)  on  "  I  expect  to  pass  through,"  355 
L.  (H.  P.)  on  derivation  of  bridge,  189 
L.  (J.  K.)  on  Capt.  Death,  93 

Wager,  wreck  of,  335 
L.  (M.  C.)  on  Cosas  de  Espafia,  458 

Easter  Sunday  in  1512  and  1513,  388 

Manitoba,  373 

"  Our  Lady  of  the  Snows,"  392 
L.  ( R.  M. )  on  Persian  paintings,  29 
L.  (W.  H.)  on  "  As  merry  as  griggs,"  276 
L.-W.  (E.)  on  Fellows  of  the  Clover  Leaf,  193 
La  Tour  d'Auvergne,  Premier  Grenadier  of  France, 

384,  470 
Lach-Szyrma  (W.  S.)  on  Queen  Helena,  29 

Penrith,  29 

Lairstall.     See  Laystall. 
Lamb  (Charles)  and  'Address  to  Poverty,'  43,  151  ; 

and  Coleridge  and  Mr.  May,  61,  109 
Lamb  (Mary)  and  play  at  Sadler's  Wells,  7,  70,  96, 136 
Lamont  harp,  329 
Lanarth  barony,  489 
Lancashire  and  Cheshire  wills,  38 
Lancaster  (Henry,  Count  of)  and  Charles  the  Bold, 

189,  232,  335 

Landed  property  in  the  Franco-German  War,  226 
Lane  (H.  Murray)  on  Charles  the  Bold,  232 

Step-brother,  475 

Lane  (Mrs.)  and  Peter  Pindar,  226 
Langley  (G.  W.)  on  "  Ovah  "  bubbles,  169 
Language,  vicissitudes  of,  74 
Languages,  Charles  V.  on,  227 
Lanx,  Roman,  found  at  Welney,  86 
Lapland,  William  Penn  on,  190,  275 
Las  Palmas,  inscriptions  to  Englishmen  at,  482 
Lasham,  place-name,  its  derivation,  72,  113,  137 
Lasham  (F.)  on  Ash  place-name,  113 
Latham  (E.)  on  "All  roads  lead  to  Rome,"  112 

Anatomie  Vivante,  138 

Coup  de  Jarnac,  197 

"  Eternal  feminine,"  234,  496 

Excommunication  of  Louis  XIV.,  69 

"  First  catch  your  hare,"  254 

French  miniature  painter,  137 

French  proverbial  phrases,  3,  485 

"Mais  on  revient  toujours,"  35 

"  Morale,"  204 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30,  1904. 


INDEX. 


539 


Latham  (E.)  on  "owl-light,"  71 

Quotations,  213 

•Recommended  to  Mercy,'  109,  232,  434 

"Travailler  pour  le  Hoi  de  Prusse,"  195 
Latin,  "  roping  "  a  horse  in,  448,  513 
Latin  elegiacs,  Shakespeare's  Sonnet  cxlvi.  in,  204 
Latin  lines,  translation  of,  248,  314,  373  ;  mutilated, 

268,  353 

Latin  MS.  and  Psalter  at  Ugbrooke,  109 
Latin  plurals,  fictitious,  54,  193 
Latin  quotations,  188 
Law,  fondness  of  negroes  for,  206 
Law  (G.)  on  Bass  Rock  music,  308 
Lawrance,  spelling  used  c.  1498,  310 
Lawrance  (H.),  fanmaker  of  Pall  Mall,  c.  1787,  310 
Lawrance  (R.  Murdoch)  on  Lawrance,  fanmaker,  310 
Lawrence  (W.  J.)  on  Irish-printed  plays,  84 

Lewis  (John),  scenic  artist,  87 

Mackliniana,  506 

Pit  of  a  theatre,  286 
Lawrence-Hamilton  (J.)  on  Dutch  fishermen,  87 

Fish  days,  their  number,  290 

Flesh  and  shamble  meats,  68 
Lawson  (R.)  on  "  As  merry  as  griggs,"  94 

Epitaph,  69 

Laystall=a  burial-place,  440 
Lazarhouses  in  ancient  London,  70,  295 
Leach  (Arthur  F.)  on  our  oldest  public  school,  269 
Leach  family  of  Squerries,  293,  334 
Leap  Year  astronomically  explained,  228 
Lease,  long,  32 
Leastall  =  a  burial-place,  440 
Lebrun  (Madame).     See  Vigee 
Leche  bell,  explanation  of  the  term,  166 
Leche  family,  207,  274,  293,  334,  397 
Lee  (W.)  on  Duchess  of  Gloucester,  209 
Leeds  (C.  E.)  on  "  He  who  knows  not,"  167 

"  King  of  Patterdale,"  193 
Leeper  (A.)  on  "Adding  insult  to  injury,"  4 

Herondas,  his  date,  336 

St.  Paul's  quotation  from  Epimenides,  405 

Sexton's  tombstone,  457 
Lega-Weekes  (Ethel)  on  barrar,  515 

Batrome,  88,  173 

Foleit,  309 

Foulard,  307 

Harepath,  517 

Hockday  :  pottage  called  hok,  187 

Skellat  bell  :  Mort  bell,  166 

Leicarraga,   German  reprint  of  his  books,  284,  315 
Leicester  (Robert  Dudley,  Earl  of),  his  portrait,  404 
Leighton  (H.  R.)  on  arms  wanted,  155 

Watson  of  Hamburg,  409 
Leipzic,  bows  and  arrows  at  battle  of,  225 
Leman  (C.  E.)  on  "  Scole  Inn,"  Norfolk,  248 
Leman  (Sir  Thomas),  his  biography,  8 
Leper,  hymn-writer,  227,  296 
L'Estrange   (Col.),   his    'Merry   Thoughts   in   a  Sad 

Place,'  141,  193,  250 

Letters,  private,  first  sent  by  post,  57, 133,  175 
Lever  (Charles),  original  of  his  Mickey  Free,  52 
Lewen  (Miss)  and  John  Wesley,  189,  218 
Lewis  (John),  portrait  painter  and  scenic  artist,  87,  153 
Lewknor  (Edward),  'D.  N.  B.'  on,  307 
Library,  National,  at  Turin  burnt,  337 
Lies,  Japanese  master  of,  485 


Lightning  and  its  forms,  158 

Lilbourne  (John)  "  And  what,  shall  then  honest  John 

Lilbourn  die  ?  "  405 

Lincoln,  arms  of  the  city  and  see,  168,  234 
Lincoln  Green  on  Dorsetshire  snake-lore,  253 
Lincoln's  Inn  and  the  Earl  of  Lincoln,  401 
Lincolnshire,  aurora  borealis  in,  1640,  242 
Lincolnshire  county  tales,  505 
Lincolnshire  jingle,  266 
Lincolnshire  riddle,  204 
Lindenstead  (A.)  on  Marlborough  and  Shakespeare, 

127 

Lindsay  (C.  L.)  on  Archbishop  Williams,  447 
Link*  with  the  past,  325,  414,  513 
"  Little  Mary  "  as  a  term  for  the  stomach,  70 
Little    Wild    Street    Chapel,    Drury    Lane,    Storm 

Sermon  at,  77 

Littledale  (W.  A.)  on  Fettiplace,  396 
Littleton  (Adam),  his  Latin  dictionary,  509 
"Living  Skeleton,"  account  of  the,  138,  175 
Llanpumsaint,  ancient  tradition  of,  152 
Lloyd  (J.)  on  "  Haklet,"  404 
Lobishome  in  Portuguese  folk-lore,  327,  417,  472 
Locomotive,  the  "Novelty,"  a  railway  relic,  6 
Lombard = a  moneylender,  6 
Lombardi  (C.)  on  Manzoni  in  English,  347 
London,  ancient,  topography  of,  70,  295,  457>  517 
London,  historical  geography  of,  208,  258 
London,  vanishing  :  Thomas's  Hotel,  447 
London  rubbish  at  Moscow,  208,  257 
London  season  in  1807,  446 
Long  (Miss  A.  H.)  on  Ainoo  and  Baskish,  513 
Lorenzo  da  Pavia  at  Venice,  76 
Louis  X IV.,  his  excommunication,  69 
Louis  XVII.,  his  death,  267,  375 
Lovelace's   'To   Althea  from   Prison,'  expansion  by 

Col.  L'Estrange,  141,  193,  250 
Lovell  (Robert),  his  poems,  151 
Loyalists,  American,  compensated  for  losses,  269,  313, 

390 
Lucas  (E.  V.)  on  Sadler's  Wells  play  alluded  to  by 

Wordsworth,  96 
Lucis  on  Antwerp  Cathedral,  508 

Authors  of  quotations,  217,  428 

Browning  (Mrs.),  her  'Aurora  Leigh,'  47 

'John  Inglesant,' 289 

Jowett  and  Whewell,  386 

Moon  and  the  weather,  347,  441 

"  Wax  to  receive,  and  marble  to  retain,"  328 
Luther  (Martin),  on  the  immortality  of  animals,  169, 

256,  336 ;  his  distich,  409,  473  :  his  Bible,  509 
Luxmoore  (L.  A.)  on  "There  was  a  man,"  227 
Lynn  (W.  T.)  on  the  cedilla,  307 

Easter  Day  by  the  Julian  reckoning,  324,  390 

Easter  Day  in  1512  and  1513,  452 

Euripides,  date  of  his  birth,  447 

Halley's  comet,  152 

"Present  century,"  386 

Smallage,  288 

Lynold  (Edmund),  his  biography,  307 
Lynold  family,  307 
Lyon  (Richard,   Thomas,  and  John),  and  execution  of 

Charles  L,  169 
Lyon  family  in  America,  408 
Lyons  (A.  B.)  on  Lyon  family,  408 
Lyttleton  (Adam).     See  Littleton. 


540 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30,  1904. 


M.  on  Green  on  Freeman,  225 

M .  on  hieroglyphics  and  deities,  290 

M.  (A.  M.)  on  Dolores,  musical  composer,  177 

M.  (C.  W.  F.)  on  beating  the  bounds,  489 

M.  (D.)  on  Magna  Charta,  469 

Spencer  (Herbert)  on  billiards,  48 
M.  (E.)  on  statue  by  John  of  Bologna,  28 

Tickling  trout,  375 
M.  (J.  A.  H.)  on  Jesus  and  Joshua,  490 

"  Part  and  parcel,"  308 

Smallage,  330 

M.  (J.  G.)  on  May  monument,  449 
M.  (N.)  &  A.  on  the  lobishome,  327 

"  Nag's  Head  "  story,  509 

"  Stat  crux  dum  volvitur  orbis,"  309 
M .  (P.)  on  the  Cave,  Hornsey,  269 

Leche  family,  207 

Rodney's  second  wife,  226 
M.  (P.  C.  D.)  on  Dryden  portraits,  368 

Howard  and  Dryden  families,  87 
M.  (W.)on  Scotch  words  and  English  commentators,  321 
M.A.Oxon  on  Baxter's  oil  printing,  427 

Fettiplace,  473 

'  Oxford  University  Calendar,'  47 

Ramie,  489 

St.  Dunstan,  149 

Maas  (Dr.  Max)  on  the  mimes  of  Herondas,  216 
McCara  (A.  S.)  on  inscriptions  on  public  buildings,  448 
McElligott  (Col.  Roger),  Governor  of  Cork,  294 
McGee  (Hon.  T.  D.),  his  '  Canadian  Ballads,'  113 
MacGillean  (Alaister)  on  Ad.  Donald  Campbell,  309 

Garden  (Alexander),  M.D.,  328 

Greig  (Admiral  Sir  Samuel),  349 
McGovern  (J.  B.)  onDanteiana,  181,  251 

Galton  (Rev.  Arthur),  414 

Greek  patriarchs,  249 

"  King  of  Patterdale,"  149 
Mcllquham  (Harriett)  on  Shakespeare's  Grave,  352 

Women  voters,  372 

Mackenzie  (V.  St.  Clair)  on  Shakespearian  a,  162 
McKerrow  (R.  B.)  on  Barnes's  '  Devil's  Charter,'  509 
Macklin  (Charles),  Judge  Parry's  monograph  on,  506 
MacMichael  (J.  H.)  on  Anatomie  Vivante,  175 

"  As  merry  as  griggs,"  276 

Barbers,  famous,  375 

Barnes's  'Devil's  Charter,'  510 

Battlefield  sayings,  375 

Becket  (Thomas  &),  his  martyrdom,  452 

Bellamy's,  352 

Brindley  (James),  376 

Building  customs  and  folk-lore,  515 

Byng  (Admiral),  256 

Candlemas  gills,  36 

Castle  Society  of  Musick,  71 

Cheshire  cat  in  America,  513 

Christian  names,  curious,  235 

Christmastide  folk-lore,  172 

Cobweb  pills,  273 

Cold  Harbour  :  Windy  Arbour,  496 

Court  posts  under  Stuart  kings,  173 

Cromwell  buried  in  Red  Lion  Square,  72 

Crouch,  the  musical  composer,  333 

"Crown  and  Three  Sugar  Loaves,"  214,  373 

'  Die  and  be  Damned,'  491 

"  Disce  pati,"  316 

Dolores,  musical  composer,  177 


MacMichael  (J.  H.)  on  Dorsetshire  snake-lore, ,253 
"  Drug  in  the  market,"  235 
Epitaphs,  their  bibliography,  173 
"Feed  the  brute,"  416 
"Fide,  sed  cui  vide,"  154 
Flesh  and  shamble  meats,  293 
Football  on  Shrove  Tuesday,  194 
Fulture,  296 

Glowworm  or  firefly,  112 
"  Go  for  "=attack,  272 
"  Going  the  round  "  :  roundhouse,  9 
Grenadier  Guards,  31 
Guncaster,  518 
Hundred  Courts,  197 
Inscriptions  on  public  buildings,  516 
James  II.,  statue  of,  137 
"King  of  Patterdale."  194 
Knight  Templar,  212 
Lincoln,  arms  of,  234 
London,  ancient,  its  topography,  295,  457 
Martello  towers,  356 
Melancholy,  212 
Milestones,  132 

Military  buttons  :  sergeants'  chevrons,  472 
Moon  folk-lore,  175 
Mug,  as  a  verb,  337 
Mustlar :  Muskyll,  335 
^V  pronounced  ng,  291 
Newspaper  (first  ocean).  504 
Ninus,  his  mother's  name,  49 
Oak,  the  ash,  and  the  ivy,  35 
"  Old  England,"  316 
Pannage  and  tollage,  232 
Passing  bell,  350 
Periodicals  for  women,  295 
Pindar  family,  135 
Prescriptions,  453 

Printing  in  the  Channel  Islands,  436 
Prints  and  engravings,  377 
Railway  train,  first  steam,  278 
Riding  the  black  ram,  36 
River  divided,  391 
"Roping"  a  horse  in  Latin,  513 
Rue  and  Tuscan  pawnbrokers,  231 
"Run  of  his  teeth,"  436 
St.  Bridget's  Bower,  70 
St.  Dunstan,  216 

St.  Mary  Axe  :  St.  Michael  le  Querne,  89,  253 
Salep  or  Salop,  97,  233 
"  Scole  Inn,"  Norfolk,  313 
"  Send  "  of  the  sea,  456 
Shanks's  mare,  415 
Sorpeni :  Haggovele,  256 
Torch  and  taper,  196 
Tutbury,  honour  of,  195 
West-Country  fair,  93 
Worm,  492 

Yeoman  of  the  Crown,  272 
Macray  (W.  D.)  on  the  cope,  436 
Envelopes,  175 
Miller  (W.),  engraver,  336 
McPike  (E.  F.)  on  Chicago  in  1853,  165 
Guest  family,  504 
Halley's  comet,  86 

Halley's  two  voyages,  1698-1700,  289 
Ofi&cer  :  Official,  486 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30,  1904. 


INDEX. 


541 


McPike  (E.  F.)  on  regicides  of  Charles  I.,  169 

William  III.  crowned  in  Ireland,  446 
Magna  Charta,  annotations  by  Blackstone,  469 
Magsman,  derivation  of  the  term,  6 
Mahala  :  squaw,  synonyms,  64 
Maikov  (A.  N.),  his  legend  of  Council  of  Constance,  I 
Malet  (Col.  Harold)  on  Dolores,  musical  composer,  1 7' 
Hinds  (Dr.  Samuel),  415 
St.  Dunstan,  216 
"Scole  Inn,"  Norfolk,  313 
Malone  (E.)  on  '  Venus  and  Adonis,'  310 
Man,  Isle  of,  records  of  Marriages  in,  9 
Manby  (Capt.  George  Wm.),  his  '  Reminiscences,'  21 
Manche,  La,  antiquity  of  the  name,  448 
Manchurian  and  Korean  names,  265 
Mangosteen  markings,  212 

Manitoba,  pronunciation  of  the  name,  206,  275,  373 
Manning    (Rev.    Charles    Robertson),    his    Norfoll 

antiquities,  67 

Manor  rolls,  guide  to,  169,  198,  272 
Mantis,  its  pugnacity,  37 
Manzoni  in  English,  347 
Mapletoft  ( Eleanor)  =  William  Laxon,  167 
Marchant  (F.  P.)  on  Candlemas  gills,  75 
Legend  of  Council  of  Constance,  8 
Negroes  and  law,  206 
Pontificate,  404 

Mardale,  King  of,  the  appellation,  276 
Marines,  epitaph  on  lieutenant  of,  368 
Marks  (A.)  on  hanged,  drawn,  and  quartered,  411 
Marlborough  (Duke  of)  and  Shakespeare,  127,  177, 

256,  292.  352 
Marlowe  (Christopher)  and  Shakespeare,  1,  75  ;  date 

of  his  birth,  408,  491 

Marriage,  banns  of,  instructions  concerning,  18 
Marriage  Houses,  33 
Marriages,  Fleet,  records  of,  9,  75 
Marriages,  morganatic,  52 

Marrow-bone  :  travel  by  the  marrow-bone  stage,  415 
Marshal  of  the  King's  Hall,  his  office,  107,  173,  198 
Marshall  (G.)  on  genealogy :  new  sources,  187,  218, 

258,  396 

Mitchel  and  Finlay,  bankers,  374 
Marston  (E.)  on  flaying  alive,  15 
Marston  (John),  Shakespeare  allusion  in  '  Malcontent,' 

6  ;  and  Carlo  Buffone,  381 
Martelli     (Horatio),     monument     in    St.     Clement's 

Church,  Hastings,  412 

Martello  Towers,  their  name,  285,  356,  411,  477 
Marvell  (Andrew),  lines  by,  469 
Marvin  (F.  Rowland)  on  birth-marks,  493 

Latin  lines,  268 
Mary,  Queen   of  Scots,  bust  in  the  Louvre,  28  ;  use 

of  the  designation,  36,  90 
Masonic  portrait  of  Earl  of  Chatham,  427 
Massinger  (P.)  lines  in  '  Fatal  Dowry,'  348 
Master,  courtesy  title  in  Scotland,  14 
Matthews  (Albert)  on  American  Loyalists,  390 
Epitaphs,  their  bibliography,  334 
Moose,  153 
Papers,  172 

Providence,  Island  of,  13 
"Silly  Billy,"  183 
Tea  as  a  meal,  456 

Matthews  (J.  Hobson),  on  Constantine  Pebble,  33 
Glass  manufacture,  52 


Matthews  (J.  H.)  on  grammar:  nine  parts  of  speech,  94 
St.  Dials,  72 
Walbeoff  family,  413 

Maurice  (F.  D.)  on  Greek  architecture,  334 
Maxwell  on  gardens,  288,  357 
Maxwell  (Sir  Herbert)  on  "  Creevey  Papers,"  355 
Hydrophobic  patients  smothered,  210 
Immurement  alive  of  religious,  50 
Quice,  194 

Stewart  (General  Charles),  174 
Tideswell  and  Tideslow,  278,  371 
Maxwell  (General  Patrick)  on  Begum  Sumroo,  1 4,  69 
May   (Dame    Mary),   her    monument    in    Midlavant 

Church,  449,  497 

May  (Mr.),  C.  Lamb,  and  S.  T.  Coleridge,  61,  109 
May  (Thomas)  on  casting  lots,  476 
May  Day  celebrations  :  in  Newport,   Rhode   Island, 
126, 173 ;  their  antiquity,  160  ;  in  North  Devon,  406 
Mayers'  song,  musical  rendering,  7 
Mayfield,  St.  Dunstan  at,  149,  216,  293 
Mayo  (C.  H.)  on  Samuel  Haynes,  269 
Mayor  (Prof.  J.  E.  B.)  on  Delagard,  preacher,  503 
Mayor's  seal  for  confirmation,  447 
Mazzini's  letters  and  Sir  James  Graham,  505 
Meats,  flesh  and  shamble,  68,  293,  394 
Medals  "au  pied  de  sanglier,"  88 
Mediaeval  on  Travers  family,  208 
Medical  barristers,  32 
Melancholy :     "  Nullum    magnum     ingenium     sine 

melancholia,"  148,  212,  334 
Melville  (Lord)  on  "Painted  and  popped,"  407 
Mercury,  the  planet,  and  Copernicus,  509 
Meredith  (William),  and  Taylor  the  Platonist,  409 
Merritt  (E.  P.)  on  envelopes,  58 
Mess,  Scotch  title  prefixed  to  clergyman,  322 
Mess  dress,  its  introduction,  168,  238,  277 
Methodists,  Glory  of  the,  406,  476 
Mevagissey  duck,  the  expression,  467 
Mexico,  Sir  Francis  Drake  in,  1904,  325 
Meynes,  meaning  of  the  term.  49,  92,  217,  251 
Michell  (J.  C.)  on  Beyle  :  Stendhal,  34 
Midlavant  Church,  Dame  Mary  May's  monument  in, 

449, 497 
Milan,    Leonardo  da  Vinci    in,    26  ;    inscription   on 

Byron's  bust  at,  205 

Vlildmay  (Sir  Humphrey),  his  '  Diary,'  220 
Mile  End,  Mr.  Gordon's  garden  at,  349 
Milestones  in  England,  7,  132,  195 
Military  buttons,  349,  472 
Military  officer,  oldest  British,  389 

l  (John  Stuart)  on  franchise  for  women,  327 
Millar   (J.    H.),    mistake    in    'Literary    History    of 

Scotland,'  325 

Miller  (William),  line  engraver,  247,  336 
Miller  (W.  F.)  on  Miller,  engraver,  247 
klillstones  at  Cambridge  in  1319,  298 
klilne  (S.  M.)  on  mess  dress  :  sergeants'  sashes,  238 
Milton    (John),    paraphrase    of    epigram    on,     146; 
parallels  inTasso,  202,  249,  314  ;  his  use  of  the  word 
popped,  407,  457  ;  his  cottage  at  Chalfont  St.  Giles, 
422  ;  Fontarrabia  in  '  Paradise  Lost,'  444 
Mimes  of  Herondas  or  Herodas,  their  date,  68,  216, 

336 

Minakata  (Kumagusu)  on  Chinese  ghosts,  176 
"  Flea  in  the  ear,"  34 
Ghosts'  markets,  206 


542 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30,  1904. 


Minakata  (Kumagusu)  on  glass-breaking  at  weddings, 

195 

Hobgoblin's  claws,  93 
Japanese  master  of  lies,  485 
Japanese  monkeys,  334 
Language,  its  vicissitudes,  74 
Mangosteen  markings,  212 
"  Ked  rag  to  a  bull,"  77 
Water  of  jealousy,  147 

Miranda  on  Pepys's  '  Diary,'  365  children,  68 
Mirfield  book  society,  368 
Mirror,  Dr.  Dee's  magic,  16 

Misprints :  in   '  Poliphili   Hypnerotomacbia,'    4,    97  ; 
in  Thoms's  'Surveyof  Fxmdon,'  Stow's  edition  of,  205 
Missirini  (Melchiore),  his  '  Life  of  Bartolozzi,'  289 
Mistletoe  in  church  at  Chalons-sur-Marne,  66 
Mistletoe  on  feudal  system,  353 

Greig  (Admiral  Sir  Samuel),  433 
Hartley  (William),  156,  253 

Mitchel  and  Finlay, eighteenth-century  bankers,  310, 374 
Mitchell  (Major  A.  J.)  on  Boer  War  of  1881,  226 
Mitchell  (L.  U.)  on  parish  sundial,  208 
Moliere,  inscription  on  his  statue,  213 
Molony  (A.)  on  curious  Christian  names,  171 
Molubdinous  slowbelly,  meaning  of  the  term,  13 
Monkeys,  Japanese,  334 
Moon,   and   the   weather,    347,    441  ;  dating  by,    at 

Athens,  489 

Moon  folk-lore,  125,  175,  252,  395 
Moore  (W.)  on  composer  and  origin  of  air,  107 

Dolores,  musical  composer,  107 

Moorfields,  Little,  Ropemakers'  Alley  Chapel  at,  466 
Moose,  derivation  of  the  word,  153 
Morale,  use  of  the  word,  93,  204,  237 
Moreman   (Rev.   John)   and   the  Western  rebels  of 

1549,  428 
Morford  (Henry),  author  of  continuation  of '  Edwin 

Drood,'  37,  331 
Morganatic  marriages,  52 

Morley  (Henry)  on  Miss  Georgiana  M.  Craik,  346 
Moro  Fort,  storming  of,  1762,  448,  514 
Morris  family,  1734,  68 
Mort  bell,  explanation  of  the  term,  166 
Mortimer  (Elias),  his  parentage,  109 
Mortimer  (T.),  his  polemic  against  Methodists,  328,  491 
Mortimer  (W.  P.)  on  General  Charles  Stewart,  175 
Moscow,  London  rubbish  at,  208,  257 
Mosky,  use  of  the  word,  266 

Mother  Shipton,  Welshwoman  or  Yorkshirewoman,  406 
Mottley  (John),  author  and  dramatist,  1692-1750,  367 
Motto  on  fourteenth-century  sundial,  148 
Mottoes  :  "  Fide,  sed  cui  vide,"  87,  154,  255  ;   "  Son 

coufort  et  Hesse,"  232  ;  "  Disce  pati,"  248,  816 
Mould  (R.  W.)  on  the  Syer-Cuming  collection,  436 
Moule  (H.  J.)  on  field-names,  West  Haddon,  156 
Moule  (H.  J.),  his  death,  280 

Mounsey  (John),  "King  of  Patterdale,"  149,  193,  276 
Mount  Grace  le  Ebor',  records  of  the  monastery,  149 

198,  255 

Muck-a-lucks,  meaning  of  the  word,  287 
Mug=to  mug,  use  of  the  verb,  337 
Mulligan  ( J.)  on  '  Ancient  Orders  of  Gray's  Inn,'  367 
Mundy  (Sir  John),  Lord  Mayor  1522-3,  31,  134 
Mundy  (P.  D.)  on  Mundy,  31 
Munzil  (Chutter)  on  Begum  Sumroo,  69 
Murderer,  disguised,  in  folk-lore,  266,  395 


Murray  (Christie)  on  the  English  people,  290 
Murray  (David)  on  Crucifixion  folk-lore,  426 

Kipples,  251 
Murray  (Dr.  J.  A.  H.)  on  "  A  past,"  327 

Passim,  308 

Passing  bell,  308 

Paste,  447 

"  Purple  patch,"  447 

St.  Bridget's  Bower,  27 
Murray  (J.  H.)  on  cardinals,  50 
Murray  baronetcy  about  1802,  427 
Music,  Bass  Rock,  308,  374,  437 
Muskyll,  use  and  meaning  of  the  word,  1497, 228,  335 
Musselwhite  surname,  its  meaning,  248,  314 
Mustlar,  use  and  meaning  of  the  word,  1473,  228,  335 
Myrtle  strewn  before  bride's  residence,  411 
N  pronounced  ng,  247,  291,  356 
N.  (M.)  on  moon  folk-lore,  252 
Name  origins  treated  philologically,  329 
Names,  curious   Christian,    26,    170,   214,    235  ;    on 

Walney  Island,  387,  492 
Napoleon  I.,  alleged  son  of,  107,  197  ;  at  St.  Helena, 

126 

Napoleonic  conspiracy  in  England,  328 
Nash  (Mrs.),  original  Esther  in  '  Bleak  House,'  125 
Nash   (Richard),   date   of  his   death    and    epigrams 

concerning  him,  32,  96 
Natalese,  use  of  the  word,  446,  515 
Ne  Quid  Nimis  on  birds'  eggs,  327 

Southcott  (Joanna),  301 

Tasso  and  Milton,  249 

Neale  (Thomas)  and  the  "  Nag's  Head  "  story,  509 
Nedov  (Kalohc)  on  Webster's  '  Basque  Legends,"  190 
Negroes,  their  fondness  for  law,  206 
Nelligan  (Emile),  his  '  Notre  Dame  des  Neiges,'  246 
Nelson  (Horatio,  Lord),  his  sister  Anne,  170,  210;  his 
tomb  and  Cardinal  Wolsey,  308,  376,  417  ;  at  Bath, 
366 

Nelson  (Lord)  on  Nelson's  sister  Anne,  210 
New  Amsterdam  views,  c.  1630-50,  161 
1  New  English  Dictionary,'  its  title,  146,  193,  255 
New  Hall,  Essex,  and  Queen  Elizabeth,  15 
New  Year's  Day  in  Japan,  25 
New  York  views,  c.  1630-50,  161 
New  Zealand,  venomous  spiders  in,  265 
Newark-upon-Trent,  "ringing  for  Gofer" at,  6  ;  Easter 

sepulchre  at,  265 

Newcomer  on  historical  geography  of  London,  208 
Newman  (C.  A.)  on  "Down,  little  flutterer,"  87 

"  P.P.,  Clerk  of  the  Parish,"  88 
Newspaper,  earliest  use  of  the  word,  486 
Newspaper,  early,  in  Jamaica,  169  ;  first  ocean,  504 
Newton  (Sir  Isaac),  miniature  of,  248,  315,  355,  414 
Ng,  sound  of,  represented  by  n,  247,  291 
Nicklin  (T.)  on  Anon,  246 

Girl,  245 

Nightcaps,  their  use,  114 
Ninus,  his  mother's  name,  49 
Noble  (Mary  E.)  on  torpedoes,  374 
Norter  (Sir  Robert),  his  identity,  328 
North  (P.)  on  Dickens  and  Scripture,  205 
Northall,  Shropshire,  its  locality,  226,  297,  377 
Norton  (E.  S.)  on  documents  in  secret  drawers,  427 
Norwich,  smallpox  at,  c.  1746,  209 
Norwich  Cathedral,  its  High  (Steward,  348,  412 
Nova  Zembla,  fetish  in,  466 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30, 1904. 


INDEX. 


543 


Number  superstition,  369,  457 

Nursery  rimes:  "Robin   a  Bobbin,"  32,    172,  218; 
"  A  frog  he  would  a-wooing  go,    227  ;  "  There  was 
a  man,  a  man  indeed,"  227,  377,  474 
Nutt  (A.)  on  "Badger  in  the  bag,"  355 
Nutt  (Dorothy)  =  Sir  Henry  Blunt,  35 
Nuttall  (J.  R.)  on  casting  lots,  476 

Charles  the  Bold,  189,  335 
O.  on  architecture  in  old  times,  333 

French  miniature  painter,  237 

Hanged,  drawn  and  quartered,  497 

Nelson  and  Wolsey,  376,  417 

Passing  bell,  351 

Tower  Bridge  anticipated,  367 
O.  (D.)  on  "send  "  of  the  sea,  456 
Oak,  the  ash,  and  the  ivy,  35 

Gates  (J.)  on  speech  by  the  Earl  of  Sussex,  1596,  7 
Oath  by  grass  and  corn,  284 
Obiit    Sunday,    ancient    ceremony   at    St.    George's 

Chapel  on,  28 
Obituaries : — 

Ainger  (Canon  Alfred),  140 

Cambridge  (Duke  of),  501 

Cooper  (Thompson),  220,  246,  337 

Creswell  (Dr.  F.  S.),  280 

Ferrar  (Michael  Lloyd),  380 

George  (Capt.  Thome),  179 
Ocean  newspaper,  first,  504 
Ockwells  Manor,  near  Bray,  473,  511 
Octopi,  fictitious  Latin  plural,  193 
Officer,  military,  oldest  British,  389 
Officer  and  official,  use  of  the  words  in  America,  486 
Officers  chosen  by  lot  for  dangerous  duties,  367 
Official  and  officer,  use  of  the  words  in  America,  486 
Ogilvie  family,  269 

"Old  England,"  origin  of  the  term,  189,  255,  316 
Oliver  (A.)  on  cardinals  and  crimson  robes,  71 

London,  ancient,  its  topography,  70 
Oliver  (W.  D.)  on  venison  in  summer,  47 
Omega,  an  old  contributor,  8 
One-ninth  Church,  name  explained,  124 
Oonalaska,  one  of  the  Fox  Islands,  486 
Oprower,  family  name,  227,  313 
Orange,  Spanish  proverb  on,  206,  251 
Oriana,  curious  Christian  name,  170 
Orotava,  Tenerife,  inscription  at,  361,  455 
Orvieto,  St.  Patrick  at,  48,  131,  174 
Ostrich  eggs  at  Burgos,  Spain,  247,  332 
Ould  (S.  G.)  on  Pamela,  52 
"Our  Lady  of  the  Snows,"  origin  of  the  phrase,  246, 

311,  392,  511 

Ovah  bubbles,  meaning  of  the  term,  169 
Owen  (J.  P.)  on  derivation  of  sanguis,  462 
Owl-light,  equivalent  expressions  for,  71 
Oxford,  garden  at,  admired  by  Wesley,  349 
Oxford  Cathedral,  Dr.  Bright's  epitaph  in,  5 
'Oxford  English  Dictionary,'  the  title,  146,  193,  255 
Oxford  University,  students  committed  to  the  Tower 

of  London,  309  ;  list  of  graduates,  348 
'  Oxford  University  Calendar,'  1845,  47,  92 
Oxoniensis  on  "  Our  Lady  of  the  Snows,"  246 
Oxshott  on  'The  Bailiff's  Daughter  of  Islington,'  388 
P.  (C.)  on  Elene,  507 

Fettiplace,  329 
P.  (F.)  on  Mark  Hildesley,  414 

Seymour  (Sir  John),  his  epitaph,  137 


P.  (H.  G.)  on  St.  Bees'  Head,  Cumberland,  368 
P.  (J.  B.)  on  Fettiplace,  511 

"  Tymbers  of  ermine,"  492 
P.  (M.)  on  immurement  in  sea-walls,  288 

Shanks's  mare,  415 

P.  (R.  C.  B.)  on  Pemberton  family,  469 
"  P.P.,  Clerk  of  the  Parish,"  in  '  Sartor  Resartus,'  88, 

137 
Page  (J.  T.)  on  Addison's  daughter,  150 

"As  merry  as  griggs,"  94 

"  As  the  crow  flies,"  432 

Brazen  bijou,  455 

Brightlingsea,  its  Deputy-Mayor,  72 

Catesby  (Sir  William),  366 

Chair  of  St.  Augustine,  472 

Christian  names,  curious,  237 

Collins,  398 

Cromwell  buried  in  Red  Lion  Square,  73 

Cromwell's  head,  487 

Desecrated  fonts,  488 

Epitaphs,  their  bibliography,  252 

Field-names,  West  Haddon,  46,  156 

Flaying  alive,  1 55 

Hanged,  drawn,  and  quartered,  410 

James  II.,  his  statue,  137 

Leche  family,  274 

Marlowe's  birth,  491 

Martello  towers,  411 

•Nicholas  Nickleby ' :  Capt.  Cuttle,  274 

Pindar  family,  135 

Scott  (John),  his  epitaph,  69 

Shanks's  mare,  415 

Southcott  (Joanna),  301 

Suffolk  (Henry  Grey,  Duke  of),  his  head,  47 
Pages  of  the  Bedchamber  and  Backstairs,  their  offices, 

107,  173,  198 

Painted  and  popped,  meaning  of  the  term,  407,  457 
Painter,  French  miniature,  86,  137,  171,  211,  237 
Painting,  Persian,  29 
'  Palatine  Note-Book,'  last  issue,  169,  296 
Palmer  ( J .  Foster)  on  n  pronounced  as  nff,  356 

Paste,  510 

Pamela:  Pamela,pronunciation  of  name,  52, 135,433,495 
Pannage,  explanation  of  the  term,  126,  232 
Pannell  family,  172,  256 
Papal  elections,  veto  at,  94 
Papers,  use  of  the  word,  18,  53,  111,  172 
Paques  (M.),  hairdresser,  his  clientele,  165 
Parade-rest,  military  posture,  34:5 
Paradise,  Heaven,  and  Hell  as  place-names,  245,  332 
Parallel  passages  :  Marlowe  and  Shakespeare,  1,  76  } 

Tasso  and  Milton,  202  ;  Gray  and  Collins,  456 
Pardoe  (Avern)  on  American  Loyalists,  390 

Raleigh,  its  pronunciation,  90 
Paris,  history  of  the  British  Embassy  in,  68 
Parish  register  used  to  stop  rats'  hole,  266 
Parker  (K.)  on  "  Ship"  Hotel,  Greenwich,  111 

Sun  and  its  orbit,  329 

Parkins  or  Perkins  (Sir  Christopher),  his  identity,  234 
Parkins  (Dr.  John),  of  Little  Gonerby,  Lincolnshire, 

15,  51 
Parliament:  engravings   "publisht  according  to  Act 

of  Parliament,"  309,  336,  369 
Parry  (Lieut.  -Col.  G.  S.)  on  Las  Palmas  inscriptions,  482 

Orotava,  inscriptions,  361 

Santa  Cruz,  Tenerife,  inscriptions  at,  442 


544 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30,  1904. 


Parry  (Judge),  his  monograph  on  Charles  Macklin,  506 

"  Part  and  parcel,"  earliest  use  of  the  phrase,  308 

Passim,  earliest  use  in  English,  308 

Passing  bell,  its  various  names,  308,  350 

Paste :    anchovy  or  shrimp  paste,  earliest  use,    447, 

477,  510 

Patience,  card  game,  268 

Patriarchs,  (Ecumenical,  of  Constantinople,  list  of,  249 
Patrick  on  Collins,  515 

Irish  ejaculatory  prayers,  337 
Patterdale,  "King  of,"  the  title,  149,  193,  276 
Pavia  (Lorenzo  da)  at  Venice,  76 
Pavia,  discovery  of  the  original  altar  of  the  Certosa, 

421 

Pawnbrokers,  Tuscan,  and  rue,  148,  231 
Peachey  (G.  C.)  on  ample,  8 

'  Athense  Cantabrigienses,'  348 
Book  collectors,  1 98 
Field-names  at  Brightwalton,  228 
Pawnbrokers  and  rue,  231 
Peacock  (Edward)  on  aurora  borealis  in  Lincolnshire, 

242 

Becket  (Thomas  a),  his  martyrdom,  450 
Birth-marks,  430 
Cold  Harbour,  496 
Corn,  damage  to,  283 
Field-names,  West  Haddon,  94 
Fitzhamon,  132 
Frost  and  its  forms,  158 
Glowworm  or  firefly,  112 
Jenion's  Iritack,  477 
Murderer,  disguised,  in  folk-lore,  266 
Premier  Grenadier  of  France,  385 
St.  Patrick  at  Orvieto,  131 
"  Sun  and  Anchor"  Inn,  504 
'  Yong  Souldier,'  512 
Pearson  (H.  S.)  on  smallage,  330 
Pearl,  etymology  of  the  word,  426 
Peck  (William),  his  MsS.,  348,  434,  513 
Peculiars,  ecclesiastical,  175 
Pedigree  in  1640,  46(5 
Peer  of  France,  the  last,  225 
Peet  (W.  H.)  on  bibliography  of  publishing  and  book 

selling,  81,  142,  184,  242,  304,  342 
Brindley  (James),  376 
Printing  in  the  Channel  Islands,  436 
Pemberton  family,  late  of  Peterborough,  469 
Pengelly  (Lord),  his  portrait  at  Furnival's  Inn,  '288 
Penn  (William),  his  'Fruits  of  Solitude,'  190,  275 
Pennecuik  (Alexander)  and  Richard  Steele,  386,  513 
Penny  (F.)  on  Westminster  changes  in  1903,  855 
Penrith  place-name  in  Act  of   Henry  VIII.,  29,  97 

156,  275,  354 

Pentenne:  en  pentenne,  origin  of  the  word,  408 
Pentruth,  its  locality.     See  Penrith. 
Pepys  (S.)  on  birth  of  365  children,  68  ;  on  Jonson 

and  Shakespeare,  292,  352 
Percy,  pronunciation  of  the  name,  97,  156 
Peridote,  a  kind  of  chrysolite,  386 
Periodicals  for  women,  prior  to  nineteenth    century 

228,  295,  397 

Perkins  (E.  E.)  on  Eleanor  Mapletoft,  167 
Persian  painting,  29 
Petchorin  (Father),  d.  c.  1873,  487 
Petersen  (G.)  on  Adam  Lyttleton,  509 
Petty  (S.  L.)  on  Chelsea  Physic  Garden,  227 


-'hilosophy,  moral,  Aristotle  and  Shakespeare  on,  405 
472 

hinn  (C.  P.)  on  "  Sal  et  saliva,"  432 
hrase,  definition  of  the  word,  427 
'hysic  Garden  at  Chelsea,  227,  270,  336 
'hysicians  and  apothecaries,  origin  of  signs  in  pre- 
scriptions, 409,  453 

'ickford  (J.)  on  Addison's  daughter,  151 
Antiquary  V,  antiquarian,  396 
Arthur  (King),  sleeping,  194 
Banns  of  marriage,  18 
Birth  marks,  430 
Bright  (Dr.),  his  epitaph,  5 
Cockshut  time,  195 
Dorsetshire  snake-lore,  333 
Easter  Day,  Kentish  custom  on,  324 
Envelopes,  175 
Flaying  alive,  352 
Glowworm  or  firefly,  157,  216 
Hydrophobia  patients  smothered,  332 
"  Kissed  hands,"  135 

Military  buttons  :  Serjeants'  chevrons,  472 
Mount  Grace  le  Ebor',  Monastery  of,  25 o 
Pamela,  52 

Periodicals  for  women,  397 
Proverbs  in  the  Waverley  Novels,  455 
Robin  a  Bobbin,  218 
Shakespeare's  grave,   416 
"  Ship  "  Hotel,  Greenwich,  375 
"  Silly  Billy,"  233 

Stephens  (William)  President  of  Georgia,  334 
Thackeray  and  Catherine  Hayes,  205 
Tugs,  Wykehamical  notion,  353 
Pierpoint  (R.)  on  "  Chaperoned  by  her  father,"  110 
Chasuble  at  Warrington  Church,  128 
Edgar  (King),  his  blazon,  76 
Egerton-Warburton,  169 
English,  foreign,  224 
Epitaph  at  Doncaster,  19t5 
"Fide,  sed,  cui  vide, "255 
"First  catch  your  hare,"  254 
Flaying  alive,  73 
London  season,  446 
Pamela,  135 

Premier  Grenadier  of  France,  470 
"Was  you  ?"  and  "  You  was,"  509 
Pig  and  Kill-pig :  American  colonies  and  England ,  105 
Pigeon  English  at  home,  506 
Pigott  (Thomas),  of  Dublin,  his  parentage,  489 
Pigott  (W.  J.)  on  Thomas  Pigott,  489 

Tyrrell  (Christabella),  109 
Pills,  cobweb,  in  1781,  205,  273,  317 
Pincerna  (Richard),  1147,  his  biography,  469 
Pindar  (Peter)  and  Mrs.  Lane,  226 
Pindar  family,  134 

Pink  (W.  D.)  on  Lancashire  and  Cheshire  wills,  H8 
Railway  relic,  6 
Rous  or  Howse  family,  56 
Smith  (Right  Hon.  John),  Speaker,  348 
Pit  =  a  grave,  287 

Pit  of  a  theatre,  earliest  instance,  286 
Pita,  etymology  of  the  word,  326 
Pius  X.,  anagrams  on,  146,  253  ;  his  arms,  309,  373 
Place-names,  letters  inserted  in,  52,  91,  190,  228,  278, 
292,   310,   371,    471  ;  ash,  its  derivation,   72,  113, 
137  ;  Paradise,  Heaven,  and  Hell  as,  24o,  332 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30.  1904. 


INDEX. 


545 


Plato  and  Sir  Philip  Sidney,  207 

Platt  (Sir  Hugh),  his  arms,  207 

Platt  (Isaac  Hull)  on  Marlowe's  birth,  408 

Shakespeare's  grave,  288,  416 
Platt  (J.),  Jun.,  on  Alake,  512 
Anahuac,  507 

Christian  names,  curious,  235 
Hooligan,  125 
Japanese  cards,  29 
Japanese  names,  187 
Jong,  Tibetan  word,  465 
Jonson's  '  Alchemist,'  223 
Korean  and  Manchurian  names,  265 
Manitoba,  206 
"  Muck-a- Lucks,"  287 
Pita,  326 

Platt  (Sir  Hugh),  his  arms,  207 
Port  Arthur,  457 
Sassaby,  146 
Schlenter,  404 
Seoul,  its  pronunciation,  43 
Squaw  :  mahala,  64 
Yaws,  its  etymology,  5 
Platt  (L.  J.)  on  sundial  motto,  148 
Play  at  Sadler's  Wells  alluded  to  by  Wordsworth,  7, 

70,  96,  136 

Playbill,  earliest,  28,  71,  114 
Playfair  (N.)  on  children  on  the  stage,  108 
Playing  cards,  Japanese,  29,  75 
Plays  printed  in  Ireland,  84 
Ploughgang  and  other  measures,  101,  143,  354 
'  Plumpton  Correspondence,'  mistakes  in,  466 
Poe  (E.  A.)i  '  Leonaine,'  not  by  him,  145 
Poems,  French,  translations  of,  409 
Poland  (Sir  Harry  B.)  on  "As  the  crow  flies,"  372 
'Poliphili  Hypnerotomachia,'  error  in,  4,  97 
Politician  on  balance  of  power,  507 
"Bellamy's,"  169 
Tea  as  a  meal,  176 

Pollard  (Matilda)  on  Becket's  martyrdom,  452 
French  miniature  painter,  137 
Hertford  borough  seal,  448 
London,  ancient,  its  topography,  296 
Pollard- Urquhart  (F.  E.  R.)  on  Indian  sport,  455 
Pompadour  (Madame    de),    epigram    on,    18  ;     her 

library,  445 

Pontefract  Castle,  Easter  sepulchre  at,  265 
"  Pontificate  "  used  as  a  verb,  404 
Poole  (C.  L.)  on  brazen  bijou,  456 
Poole  (W.  L.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  168 

Gringo :  Griengro,  369 
Pope  (Alexander),  his  'Essay  on  Man,'  and  poem  by 

Riickert,  209,  336 

Popped :   "  painted  and  popped,"  its  meaning,  407,  457 
Port  Arthur,  origin  of  the  name,  407,  457 
Portrait,  eye  of,  following  the  spectator,  186 
Portrait  substituted  for  Sir  Walter  Raleigh's,  403 
Portsmouth    (Eveline,     Dowager     Countess    of)    on 

"  There's  not  a  crime,"  508 
Portugalete,  etymology  of  the  name,  443 
Portuguese  Hymn  :  "  0  come,  all  ye  faithful,"  10,  54 
Portuguese  version  of  Aphikia  story,  466 
Postage,  earliest  use  as  applied  to  letters,  134 
Posts,  early,  in  England,  57,  133, 175 
Potrel  (Jeanne)  on  Huquier  engravers,  469 
Pott  (Percivall),  his  biography,  434 


Pottage  called  hok,  and  Hockday,  187,  496 
Potts  family  in  1774,  127,  434 
Potts  (R.  A.)  on  'Address  to  Poverty,'  151 
Brindley  (James),  376 
Browning's  text,  237 
'  Memoirs  of  a  Stomach,'  57 
Powell  (Eliza)  =  John  Shaw,  226 
Powell  (H.  E.)  on  "  Sit  loose  to,"  75 
Prayers,  Irish  ejaculatory,  249,  337,  492 
Preparatory  to,  use  of  the  words,  115 
Prescriptions  of  apothecaries  and  physicians,  origin  of 

signs  in,  409,  453 

Prideaux(Col. W.  F.)  on  'Address  to  Poverty,'  43 
Antiquary  v.  antiquarian,  325 
Bosham's  Inn,  Aldwych,  105 
Deffand  (Madame  du)  her  letters,  68 
"  Eternal  feminine,"  108,  335 
Martello  towers,  285,  411 
Nash  (Richard),  32 
Riding  the  black  ram,  36 
St.  Mary  Axe  :  St.  Michael  le  Querne,  157 
Stafford  (Henry,  Earl  of),  his  first  wife,  10 
Trelawny  ballad,  83 
Prideaux  (W.  R.  B.)  on  John  Dee's  library,  241 

Tasso  and  Milton,  314 
Priests  ejected  in  1553,  list  of,  9 
Printing,   oil,  process  invented    by   George    Baxter, 

427,  490 

Printing  in  the  Channel  Isles,  349,  436 
Prints  and  engravings,  book  on,  wanted,  268|  377 
Prior  to=before,  114,  175,  295 
Prison,   "Joe   Gurr"   or   "choker,"  slang  term    for, 

386,  457 

Privy  Councillors  in  the  time  of  James  I.,  131 
Procession  door  of  church  at  Sandwich,  468 
Pronunciation,  local,  and  etymology,  52,  91,  190,  228, 
278,  292,  316,  371,  471  ;  of  Irish  surnames,  125  ; 
Northern  and  Southern,  508 
Prothasey,  curious  Christian  name,  171,  236 
Proverb,  Spanish,  on  the  orange,  206,  251 
Proverbial  phrases,  French,  3,  485 
Proverbs  in  the  Waverley  Novels,  383, 402,  455 
Proverbs  and  Phrases  : — 

Adding  insult  to  injury,  4 

All  roads  lead  to  Rome,  48,  112 

Alonger  (allonger)  le  parchemin,  3 

Among  others,  487 

Apres  moi  le  deluge.  340 

As  merry  as  giiggs,  36.  94,  275 

As  the  crow  flies,  204,  296,  372,  432 

Balance  of  power,  507 

Bon,  French  proverbs  containing,  485 

Bon  jour  et  bon  an,  485 

C'est  le  chat,  485 

Coup  de  Jarnac,  6,  75,  197 

Drug  in  the  market,  149,  235,  316 

En  avoir  dans  1'aile,  3 

Eternal  feminine,  108,  234,  335,  496 

Facing  the  music,  100 

Fat,  fair,  and  forty,  460 

Feed  the  brute,  348,  416 

First  catch  your  hare,  175,  254,  338 

Flea  in  the  ear,  34 

Go  for  it  bald-headed,  272 

God's  silly  vassal,  17 

Going  the  round,  9,  76,  158 


546 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30, 1904. 


Proverbs  and  Phrases : — 

Good  cards  for  it,  104 

Humanum  eat  errare,  389,  512 

II  est  bon  d'avoir  des  amis  partout,  3,  485 

Jolly  good  fellow,  4 

Kick  the  bucket,  227,  314,  412 

Kissed  hand  or  hands,  135 

Mais  on  revient  toujours,  35 

Monkey  on  the  chimney,  288,  396 

On  revient.     See  Mais. 

Part  and  parcel,  308 

Purple  patch,  447,  477,  510 

Raining  cats  and  dogs,  60 

Red  rag  to  a  bull,  77 

Ringing  for  Gofer,  6 

Run  of  his  teeth,  388,  436,  478 

Shanks's  mare  and  similar  phrases,  345,  415 

Shoe-cart :  Go  in  shoe-cart,  415 

Sit  loose  to,  75 

Summer  has  set  in  with  its  usual  severity,  38 

T  :  It  suits  to  a  T,  478 

The  better  the  day,  the  better  the  deed,  448 

Travailler  pour  le  Roi  de  Prusse,  195 

Twenty  thousand  ruffians,  107 

Virtue  of  necessity,  8,  76,  110,  136 
Providence,  Island  of,  13 
Psalter  and  Latin  MS.  at  Ugbrooke,  109 
Public  school,  oldest,  166,  215,  257,  269 
Publishing  and  bookselling,  bibliography  of,  81,  142, 

184,  242,  304,  342 
Pulpit  at  Wolverhampton,  407,  476 
Puna  at  the  Haymarket  Theatre,  269 
Purlieu,  use  and  meaning  of  the  word,  85 
Purnell  (E.  K.)  on  Buckingham  Hall  or  College,  108 

Stewart  (General  Charles),  127 
Purple,  colour  intended  by,  71,  157,  214 
41  Purple  patch,"  earliest  use,   447,  477,  510 
Puttenham,  his  '  Proportion  Poetical,'  465 
Quarrell  (W.  H.)  on  quice,  195 
Quarter  of  corn,  340 
Quartered,  hanged,  and  drawn,  the  punishment,  209, 

275,  356,  371,  410,  497 

Queen's  Westminsters  and  St.  Margaret's,  Church,  363 
Quelpaert  Island,  origin  of  the  name,  265 
Quesnel  (Pierre),  portraits  by,  8 
<}uice  or  quest=wood-pigeon,  126,  194 
Quick-born  children,  281 
Quotations : — 

A  face  to  lose  youth  for,  168,  217 

A  glut  of  pleasure,  168 

A  mountain  huge  upreared,  468 

A  not-expected,  much  unwelcome  guest,  468 

Accede  ad  ignem  hanc,  188 
Achilles  ponders  in  his  tent,  168 

Ad  rem  et  rhombum,  188 

Amor  est  punctum  quoddam  stultitiae,  188 

Amoris  te  vias  omnes  doceo,  188 

An  Austrian  army  awfully  arrayed,  120, 148,  211, 
258,  277,  280 

And  better  death  than  we  from  high  to  low,  190, 257 

An  hoary,  reverent,  and  religious  man,  468 

Aristoteles  non  vidit  verum  in  spiritualibus,  188 

Asmund  and  Cornelia,  56 

But  wondered  at  the  strange  man's  face,  468 

C  est  un  verre  qui  luit,  213 

Cibus  hi  mihi  et  potus  sunt,  188 


Quotations  : — 

Comptus  et  calamistratus,  188 

Contra  negantem  principia  non  est  disputandum, 

188,  437 

Crime  enough  is  there  in  this  city  dark,  388 
De  mea  fide  tota  patria  loquitur,  188 
De  omni  scibili,  188 

Death  could  not  a  more  sad  retinue  find,  468 
Defectus  naturae,  error  naturae,  188 
Deorum  sunt  omnia,  188 
Don't  shoot,  he  is  doing  his  best,  9 
Down,  little  flutterer,  87 
Dumb  jewels  often  in  their  silent  kind,  168 
Enough  if  something  from  our  hands  have  power, 

190 

Everything  that  grows,  428,  474 
Exemplis  erudimur  omnes  aptius,  188 
Favete,  Musae  prassides,  188 
Flowers  are  the  alphabet  of  angels,  228 
Frigent  nunc-dierum  praecepta,  188 
G-od  give  us  peace  !  190 
He  deigns  His  influence  to  infuse,  468 
He  is  a  being  of  deep  reflection,  448 
He  who  knows  not,  and  knows  that  he  knows  not, 

167,  235,  277 
His  [Homer's]  scolding  heroes,  and  his  wounded 

gods,  468 

How  long  ?  How  soon  will  they  upbraid  ?  468 
I  asked  of  Time  for  whom  those  temples  rose,  297 
I  expect  to  pass  through,  247,  316,  355,  433 
Ibi  incipit  fides,  ubi,  desinit  ratio,  188 
Ignoratio  causarum  mater  erroris,  188 
In  matters  of  commerce,  469 
In  minimum  naturale  dabile,  188 
In  some  old  night  of  time,  168 
Invitat  ultro  te  domus  ipsa,  188 
Laus  sequitur  fugientem,  188 
Litera  scripta  manet,  188,  297 
Live  and  take  comfort,  168,  217 
Lost  in  a  convent's  solitary  gloom,  67 
Me  tenet  ut  viscus  et  interficit  ut  basilicus,  188 
(Midas)    qui     fame     peribat    quod    auro     vesci 

nequibat,  188 
Mine  eyes  are  made  the  fools  o'  the  other  senses, 

168 

Multis  annis  jam  transactia,  56 
My  Lord  the  Sun,  126,  193 
My  master,  old  Pant,  he  fed  me  with  pies,  266 
My  mind  to  me  a  kingdom  is,  488 
Natura  semper  intendit  quod  est  optimum,  188 
Natura  vult  omne  grave  ferri  deorsum,  188 
Nee  in  ceteris  est  cantrarium  reperire,  188 
Nescit  servire  virtus,  188 
Nil  est  in  intellectu  quod  non  fuerit  in  sensu,  188, 

297 

No  dying  brute  I  view  in  anguish  here,  468 
No  endeavour  is  in  vain,  428,  474 
No  man  is  a  better  merchant,  406 
Not  all  who  seem  to  fail,  8 
Nothing  is  here  for  tears,  nothing  to  wail,  168 
O  beata  solitudo,  o  sola  beatitude,  188 
O  broad  and  smooth  the  Avon  flows,  520 
O  flexanima  flosque  feminarum,  188 
O  what  a  tuneful  wonder  seized  the  throng,  468 
Ohne  Phosphor  kein  Gedanke,  248,  335 
Oves  et  boves  et  cetera  pecora  campi,  188, 297,  437 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30, 1904. 


INDEX. 


547 


Quotations : — 

Partus  aureus,  188 

Per  modum  illuminationis,  feruntur,  188 

Poor  John  was  a  gallant  captain,  32 

Potus  gluten  amicorum,  188 

Prayer... a  building  to  God  a  chapel  in  our  heart, 
406 

Prius  erit  glacies  flammiger  ignis,  188 

Quis  nisi  mentis  inops  oblatum  respuat  aurum  ] 
188 

Quod  efficit  tale,  illud  ipsum  est  magis  tale,  188 

Quod  expend!  habui,  196 

Rest  after  toil,  428,  474 

Kostia  disertus  amat,  188 

Sal  et  saliva,  368 

Scalam  naturae  in  qua  inest  et  occultum  occulti,  188 

Scientia  non  habet  inimicum  prseter  ignorantem, 
188 

Scripsit  Aristoteles   Alexandro   de   Physicorum, 
188,  437 

Sentis  ut  sapiens,  loqueris  ut  vulgus,  188 

Ships  that  pass  in  the  night,  60 

Signa  minora  cape,  188 

Skoal !  to  the  Northland  !  Skoal !  280 

Sleep  after  toil,  474 

Sow  an  act,  300 

Splendidae  sunt  vestes  nobilitatis  testes,  188 

Stat  crux  dum  volvitur  orbis,  308,  393 

Strangulatorium  argumentum,  188 

Studiis  dignissima  nostris,  188 

Sunt  tibi  tortores  serpentibus  horridiores,  188 

The  incommunicable  ardour  of  things,  168 

The  rage  of  Arctos  and  eternal  frost,  468 

The  Romans  in  England,  80 

The  tears  which  I  was  never  wont  to  shed,  348 

There  all  in  spaces  rosy-bright,  168 

There  are  only  two  secrets  a  man  cannot  keep, 
508 

There 's  not  a  crime,  508 

They  set  as  sets  the  morning  star,  168,  217,  275, 
433 

Thou  hast  conquered,  0  pale  Galilsean,  388 

Thus  didst  thou,  428 

To  those  they  know  do  love  them  best,  189 

Tot  congestos  noctesque  diesque,  labores,  168,  433 

True  earnest  sorrows,  rooted  miseries,  168 

Tua  vicit  comcedia,  188 

Ubique  ingenia  hominum  situs  formant,  496 

Unam  semper  amo,  cujus  non   solvor  ab  hamo, 
188,  437 

Union  of  mind,  as  in  us  all  one  soul,  468 

Vitse  non  pigeat  cum  funus  amatur  ?  188 

Vivit  post  funera  virtus,  188 

Wax  to  receive  and  marble  to  retain,  328 

Who  plucked  this  flower  ?  200 

Yet,  Freedom  !  Yet  thy  banner,  torn,  but  flying, 

168 
E.  (A.  F.)  on  arms  of  Pope  Pius  X.,  309 

Vestibule,  as  a  verb,  346 
R.  (B.)  on  feudal  system,  248 
R.  (C.)  on  Spencer  on  billiards,  113 
R.  (E.)  on  Shakespeare's  grave,  478 
R.  (J.)  on  Franco-German  War,  277 

Hugo's  '  Les  Abeilles  Imp^riales,'  391 
R.  (Q.)  on  Inns  of  Court,  488 
R.  (S.  P.  Q.)  on  Roman  tenement  houses,  369 


R.  (W.)  on  A.E.I.,  207 

Reade,  329 

R.  (W.  H.)  on  Robertson  family,  269 
R — t  (F.)  on  curious  Christian  names,  236 
Railway  relic,  the  Novelty  locomotive,  6 
Railway  train,  first  steam,  225,  278 
Railways,  their  influence  on  pronunciation,  471 
Rainsford  (Col.  Henry),  his  biography,  477 
Rainsford    (Capt.     Lieut.    John),    his    '  The    Yong 

Souldier,'  428,  477,  512 

Raleigh  (Sir  Walter),  his  remains,  49,  130,  197,  459  ; 
pronunciation    of    the    name,    90,    176 ;     portrait 
by  Simon  Pass,  310  ;  substituted  portrait,  403 
Ram,  black,  riding  the,  35 
Ramie,  meaning  of  the  word,  489 
Ranee  (Annie  K.)  on  paste,  510 
Randolph  (J.  A.)  on  Becket's  martyrdom,  452 

Crowns  in  tower  of  church,  157 

Flaying  alive,  155 

"  Flowers  are  the  alphabet  of  angels,"  228 

St.  Dunstan,  293 

Werden  Abbey,  152 

Randolph  (Thomas),  biography  and  epitaph,  285 
Rankin  (Thomas),  '  D.N.B.'  on,  366 
Rasalu  (Raja),  his  adventures,  87 
RatclifFe  (T.)  on  "  As  merry  as  griggs,"  94 

Disguised  murderer  in  folk-lore,  395 

Dorsetshire  snake-lore,  253 

Hydrophobic  patients  smothered,  176 

"  Monkey  on  the  chimney,"  396 

Moon  folk-lore,  252 

Tickling  trout,  274 

Ray  (James)  on  Bass  Rock  music,  308,  374 
Ray  (John),  naturalist,  his  Itineraries,  468 
Raymond  (Lord),  his  portrait  at  Furnival's  Inn,  288 
Read  (F.  W.)  on  "Crown  and  Three  Sugar  Loaves," 
374 

Southcott  (Joanna),  301 

Reade  ( Robert),  Bp.  of  Chichester,  1397-1417,  329,393 
Reade  (William),  Archdeacon  of  Chichester,  329,  393 
Reade  (William),  Bp.  of  Chichester,  1368-85,  329,  393 
Reader  on  Knight  Templar,  149 
Reading  (Dr.  John)  and  Rev.  Samuel  Fisher,  156 
Rebellion,  Western,  of  1549,  46,  217 
Red  Cross  on  Ainoo  and  Baskish,  432 

Death-sequence  in  Sussex,  127 

Dorsetshire  snake-lore,  168 

Tighern-mas,  408 

Red  Lion  Square,  Cromwell's  remains  buried  in,  72 
Registers,  burial,  of  St.  Peter's,  Cornhill,  287 
Registers,  marriage,  of  the  Fleet  and  other  places,  75  ; 

of  the  Golden  Ball,  Southwark,  329 
Reichel  (0.  J.)  on  Ash,  place-name,  137 

Oprower,  313 

Ploughgang  and  other  measures,  354 

Tideswell  and  Tideslow,  471 
Relics :    St.   Gregory  the    Great,    106,    158 ;     Irish 

historical  and  artistic,  206 
Reserve  of  Officers  on  Athenian  system  of  dating,  489 

Classic  and  translator,  508 

"  Roping"  a  horse  in  Latin,  448 
Resurrection,  movable,  at  Sheffield,  1558,  265 
Reynolds  (Sir  Joshua),  epigram  on,  146 
Rhine  or  rene,  a  small  watercourse,  49/92,  217,  251 
Rhyme  and  rime,  spelling  of  the  word,  34 
Rickards  (F.  T.)  on  Gray's  '  Elegy '  in  Latin,  487 


548 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30,  1904. 


Rickards  (R.)  on  "  Cockshut  time,"  232 
Kiddles  :  "Vulcan  begat  me;  Minerva  me  taught,' 
164;  "As  I  was  goin'  ovver  Butterweek  Ferry,' 
204  ;  "Men  cannot  live  without  my  first,"  207 
"  Hiding  tailor  "  at  Astley's  in  1815,  503 
Riding  the  black  ram,  35 
Rigadoon,  derivation  of  the  word,  4 
Rime  and  rhyme,  spelling  of  the  word,  34, 400 
Ritter  (Otto)  on  Sorpeni :  Haggovele,  472 
River  divided  in  1399,  289,  391 
Robbins  (A.  F.)  on  bow  last  used  in  war,  278 

Cooper  (the  late  Mr.  Thompson),  246 

Links  with  the  past,  513 

Newspaper,  early,  486 

Playbills,  earliest,  114 

Whitebait  dinner,  ministerial,  213 
Roberts  (W.)  on  Shelley's  mother,  68 
Robertson  family,  269 

Kobin  a  Bobbin,  old  Derbyshire  rime,  32,  172,  218 
Robin  on  Jeremy  Taylor  quotations,  406 
Robinson  (William),  nephew  of  Nelson,  170 
Roche  (Mrs.  R.  M.),  her  '  Children  of  the  Abbey,'  127 
Rodgers  (J.)  on  Mrs.  Gaskell's  'Sylvia's  Lovers,'  187 
Rodmell  family,  489 

Rodney  (Admiral),  his  second  wife,  226,  297 
Rolfe  (F.)  on  heraldry,  329 
Rolleston  (T.  W.)  on  Irish  relics,  206 
Rollright  Stones,  A.  J.  Evans  on,  117 
Roman  and  Christian  chronology,-  86 
Boman  lanx  found  at  Welney,  86 
Roman  milestones,  7,  132,  195 
Roman  tenement  houses,  369 
Rome,  Sancta  Maria  ad  Nives,  311,  392;  inscription 

on  sarcophagus,  445 

Romney  (G.),  portrait  of  General  C.  Stewart,  127, 174 
Room  (C.  T.)  on  quotations,  257 
Ropemakers'  Alley  Chapel  at  Moorfields,  466 
"  Roping  "  a  horse,  Latin  for,  448,  513 
Roses,  their. names  misspelt,  279 
Rose-Troup  (Mrs.  F.)  on  flesh  and  shamble  meats,  394 

Harepath,  459 

Huntin  gton :  Courteney  :  Hone,  389 

Manor  Rolls,  guide  to,  198 
Western  Rebellion,  46,  217,  428 
Roundhouse,  explanation  of  the  term,  9,  76,  158 
Rous  or  Rowse  family,  55,  97 
Kowe  (J.  Hambley)  on  Richard  Pincerna,  469 
Rowe  (Owen),  the  regicide,  his  grandfather,  269,  356 
Rowe  family,  269,  356 
Rowse  or  Rous  family,  55,  97 

Royal  Academy  of  Sciences  and  Newton,  248,  315,  355 
Royal  family  surname,  127 
Royal  Oak  Day  at  Castleton,  Derbyshire,  486 
Rubens,  his  '  Palaces  of  Genoa, '  267 
Rubbish,  London,  at  Moscow,  208,  257 
Riickert,  poem  by,  and  Pope,  209,  336 
Rue  and  Tuscan  pawnbrokers,  148,  231 
Rupert  (Prince),  letter  from  Abp.  Williams  to,  447 
Rushton  (F.  R.)  on  barrar,  349 

Golden  ball  register,  329 
Rushton  (W.  L.)  on  Shakespeare's  books,  465 
Ruskin  and  Gaboriau's  '  Marquis  d'Angival,'  428 
Russell  (Lady)  on  Madame  du  Tenijin,  427 
Russell  (Lord),  letters  describing  Western  Rebellion,  46 
Russian  folk-lore  in  Japanese  war,  347 
Russian  men-of-war,  their  names,  385 


Russian  navy,  Scotchmen  in,  349,  433,  492 
Russian  prediction,  445 
Rutlandshire,  tale  of,  505 
Ryder =Blin,  428 

S.  (A.)  on  arms  on  Sarpi's  '  Council  of  Trent,'  408 
Carpenter's  '  Geography  Delineated,'  22,  104 
Weather  on  25  January,  65 
S.  (A.  B.)  on  Samuel  Shelley,  227 
S.  (A.  R.)  on  Herbert  Spencer  and  children,  465 
S.  (C.)  on  book  collectors,  148 
S.  (C.  C.)  on  authors  of  quotations  wanted,  474 
8.  (E.  D.)  on  Shakespeare's  Sonnet  CXLVI  ,  204 
S.  (F.)  on  Napoleonic  conspiracy  in  England,  328 
S.  (F.  E.)  on  Jessamy  Bride,  310 
S.  (F.  G.)  on  engravings,  369 
S.  (G.  W.  P.)  on  Leslie  Stephen's  '  English  Literature 

and  Society,'  288 

S.  (B.  K.  St.  J.)  on  Christian  names,  171 
Dickens  queries,  228,  298 
Plato  and  Sidney,  207 
Shakespeariana,  424 
Swinburne  (A.  C.),  198 

S.  (J.  A.)  on  "I  expect  to  pass  through,"  247 
S.  (N.  S.)  on  Chaplain  to  the  Edinburgh  Garrison, 

145 

Commission,  88 
Japanese  New  Year's  Day,  25 
"  O  come,  all  ye  faithful,"  10 
S.  (R.)  on  inscription  on  statue  of  James  II.,  67 
S.  (R.  F.-J.)  on  oldest  public  school,  215 
S.  (R.  R.)  on  "  Tymbers  of  ermine,"  492 
S.  (S.  P.  E.)  on  cardinals  and  crimson  robes,  157 
S.  (W.)  on  Bass  Rock  music.  374,  437 
Casting  lots,  366 
Garden  (Alexander),  M.D.,  417 
Greig  (Admiral  Sir  Samuel),  492 
Grenadier  Guards,  31 

'  Grenadier's  Exercise  of  the  Grenado,'  412 
Immurement  alive  of  religious,  217 
Leche  family,  293 
Martello  towers,  356,  477 
Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  36 
'  Memoirs  of  a  Stomach,'  171 
Mess  dress  :  sergeants'  sashes,  277 
Moro,  Fort,  its  storming,  514 
Nightcaps,  114 
Papers,  53 
Parade-rest,  345 

Pennecuik  (Alexander),  Gent.,  513 
"Send  "of  the  sea,  517 
Wager,  its  wreck,  201,  230 
S.  (W.  E.)  on  white  turbary,  310 
S— r  (W.)  on  "Not  all  who  seem  to  fail,"  8 
Sadler  (M.  T.)  on  prescriptions,  453 
Sadler's  Wells  play  and  Wordsworth,  7,  70,  96,  136 
St.  Agnes,  Haddington,  its  locality,  67 
St.  Augustine,  chair  of,  369,  472 
•it.  Bees'  Head,  Cumberland,  "Tomline"  near,  368 
St.  Bridget's  Bower,  in  Spenser,  27,  70,  137 
•taint  Cyr  (Marquis  de  Gou  vion),  last  peer  of  France,  225 
3t.  Dials,  church  at  Llantarnam,  Monmouthshire,  72 
St.  Dunstanat  Glastonbury  or  Mayfield,149,  216,  293 
St.  Fina  of  Gimignano,  349,  415 
St.  Gregory  the  Great,  relics  of,  106,  158 
3t.  Helena,  Napoleon  at,  126 
St.  Margaret  Moses,  explanation  of,  333 


Notes  and  Queries.  July  30,  1904. 


INDEX. 


549 


St.    Margaret's,    Westminster,   churchyard  improve- 
ments, 23,  62  ;   and  the  Queen's  Westminsters,  363 
St.  Mary  Axe,  derivation  of  the  name,  89,  157,  253 
St.  Mewbred,  records  of,  288,  377 
St.  Michael  le  Querne,  its  derivation,  89,  157,  253 
St.  Patrick  at  Orvieto,  48,  131,  174 
St.  Paul,  quotation  from  Epimenides,  405 
St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  crucifix  at  the  north  door  of  old, 

165  ;  monuments  in,  417 
St.  Paul's  School,  and  153  fish  days,  290 
St.  Peter  and  green  figs,  148,  231 
St.  Peter  ad  Vincula  in  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth 

centuries,  218,  258 

St.  Peter's,  Cornhill,  burial  registers  of,  287 
St.  SeYapin  of  Sarof.  his  interment,  445 
St.  Swithin  on  "  Back  and  side  go  bare,"  125 
Barrar,  435 
Brazen  bijou,  455 

Camden  on  surnames  :  Musselwhite,  314 
Corn,  damage  to,  394 
Cosas  de  Espana,  247 
Dorsetshire  snake-lore,  253 
English  in  France,  253 
Fiscal,  51 

France  and  civilization,  448 
Grammar,  nine  parts  of  speech,  94 
Heads  together,  326 
Irish  ejaculatory  prayers,  492 
Medaln,  ' '  au  pied  de  sanglier,"  88 
JV  pronounced  ng,  292 
Number  superstition,  457 
"  Only  Fred,''  346 
"Our  Lady  of  the  Snows,"  311 
Parkins  (Dr.),  15 
Rue  and  Tuscan  pawnbrokers,  148 
St.  Patrick  at  Orvieto,  131 
"Sal  et  saliva,"  432 
Spanish  proverb  on  the  orange,  251 
Synchronize  :  alternate,  47 
Tickling  trout,  154 
St.  Thomas  &  Becket,  representation  of  his  martyrdom 

388,  450 

Saint  Ubes,  corruption  of  Setubal,  333 
Saints,  imaginary  or  invented,  159,  333 
Salop,  salop,  or  saloop,  drink,  97,  138,  233 
saliva  in  baptism,  368,  431,  514 
Silmon  (David),  on  Carter  Braxton,  405 
"  P.P.,  Clerk  of  the  Parish,"  137 
Temple  College,  Philadelphia,  297 
Wilderspin,  67 

Salmon  of  knowledge,  Celtic  legend,  463 
Salop,  saloop,  or  salep,  drink,  97,  130,  233 
Salt,  in  baptism,  368,  431,  514  ;  in  folk-lore,  514 
"Salutation"  Tavern,  and  Coleridge,  61,  109 
Sanderson  (Robert),  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  his  MS.,  227 
Sandford  (W.)  on  Oprower,  227 
Sandwich,  Procession  door  of  church  at,  468 
Sanguis,  derivation  of  the  word,  462,  515 
Sant'  Ambrogio  (Dr.  Diego)  on  Certosa,  Pavia,  421 
Santa  Cruz,  Tenerife,  inscriptions  at,  442 
Barpi's  '  Council  of  Trent,'  arms  on,  408 
Sarum  on  Cold  Harbour :  Windy  Arbour,  413 

Smith  (Right  Hon.  John),  Speaker,  412 
Sassaby,  zoological  term,  146 
Savage  (E.  B.)  on  bibliography  of  epitaphs,  334 
"  First  catch  your  hare,"  338 


avage  (E.  B.)  on  Mark  Hildesley,  414 
Step-brother,  476 
Walney  Island  names,  492 

laye  and  Sele  (Viscount),  regimental  drill,  428,  477 
Scarlett  (R.)i  bis  epitaph,  457 
Scattergood  (B.  P.)  on  Bishop  John  Hall,  9 
Schank  (Lionel  A.  V.)  on'  AthenaeCantabrigiensep,'4l2 

Campbell  (Admiral  Donald),  378 
Schlenter,  a  false  diamond,  404 
Scholasticus  on  schoolmasters,  189 
School,  oldest  public,  166,  215,  '.'57,  269 
Schoolmasters,  biographical  dictionary  of,  189 
Scole,  Norfolk,  old  inn  at,  248,  313,  394,  454 
Scotch  words,  Englishmen  on,  261,  321,  375,  456 
Scotchmen  in  the  Russian  navy,  349,  433,  492 
Scots,  Mary,  Queen  of,  the  designation,  36,  90 
Scots  Guards,  origin  of  the  name,  30 
Scots  Peerage,'  heraldry  in,  404 
Scott  (D.)  on  Football  on  Shrove  Tuesday,  230 
"  King  of  Patterdale,"  276 
Penrith,  275 
Scott  (John)  Liverpool  brewer,  his  epitaph,  69 
Scott  (Sir  Walter),  Capt.  Wogan  in  '  Waverley,'  284  ; 
English  commentators  on    '  Rob  Roy,'  321,    375, 
456  ;  proverbs  in  Waverley  Novels,  383,  402,  455 
Scotter,  "  Sun  and  Anchor  "  at,  504 
Scudder  (Eliza),  her  poems,  207 
9ea,  send  of  the,  meaning  of  the  term,  368,  456,  51 7 
Sea-walls,  immurement  in,  288 
Seal,  mayor's,  for  confirmation,  447  ;  inscription  on 

Hertford  Borough,  448 
Seamen,  merchant,  books  of  apprentices,  187,  218 
Sears  (K.  H.)  on  Robert  Morris,  68 
Season  in  London  in  1807,  446 
Secret  drawers,  documents  in.  427,  474 
Seion,  evangelizer  of  Wales,  152 
Bellinger  (St.  Leger),  1730-1,  428,  491 
Sellpuc  on  Cuplahills,  189 

Send  of  the  sea,  meaning  of  the  term,  368,  456,  517 
Seoul,  its  pronunciation,  43 
Sepulchres,  Easter,  instances  of,  265,  398 
Sergeants,  their  sashea,  168,  238,  277;  their  chevrons, 

349,  472 

Sex  before  birth,  determination  of,  406 
Sexton's  tombstone  at  Peterborough,  457 
Seymour  (Sir  John),  epitaph,  87,  137,  232 
Shadwell  (Thomas),  his  '  Bury  Fair,'  221 
Shakespeare  (Mary),  her  relationship  to  the  poet,  448 
Shakespeare  (W.),  and  Marlowe,  1,  75  ;  his  knowledge 
of  the  classics,  33  ;  "New  Facts,"  45;  his  know- 
ledge of  geography,  51 ;  epitaph  by,  126  ;  and  Marl- 
borough,    127,    177,    256,    292,    352  ;    Dowdall's 
'  Traditionary  Anecdotes,'  128  ;  and  Spenser,  204  ; 
Dryden  on,  222  ;  his  grave  and  busts  in  Stratford 
Church,   288,    331,    352,     416,    478  ;    Pepys    on, 
292,  352  ;  early   MS.  mention,  310  ;  on  Aristotle 
and  moral  philosophy,   405,  472 ;  poems  on,   409, 
472  ;  his  books,  465 ;   and  Barnaby  Barnes,   467, 
510  ;  Sonnet  CXLVI.  in  Latin  elegiacs,  204 
Shakespeare  allusions  :  in  Marston's  '  Malcontent,'  6  ; 

various,  44 
Shakespearian* : — 

Coriolanus,  Act  II.  sc.  Hi.,  "  Stuck  not  to  call  us 

the  many-headed  multitude,"  111 
Hamlet,  Act  I.  sc.  iii.,  "  Comrade,"  425  ;  Act  III. 
sc.  i.,  "Thus  conscience  doth  make  cowards  of 


550 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries  July  30,  1904. 


Shakespeariana : — 

us  all,"  105,  111 ;  Act  III.  sc.  ii.,  "A  very,  very 
pajock,"    163 ;    Act    III.    sc.   ii.,     "  Miching 
mallicho,"  162 
Henry  VI.  Part  II.  Act  IV.  sc.  i.,  sun  and  cloud 

as  badge,  290,  338 

Irus,  supposed  play  by  Shakespeare,  349 
Macbeth,  Act  II.  sc.  iv.,  horse  or  horses,  342,  424 
Measure  for  Measure,  Act  III.  sc.  i.,  "Prenzie," 

161 
Two  Gentlemen  of  Verona,  Act  IV.  sc.  i.,  "Make 

a  virtue  of  necessity, "  8,  76,  110,  136 
Venus  and  Adonis,  earliest  edition,  310 
Winter's     Tale,    Act    III.    sc.    ii.,     "Like    to 
itself,"  162  ;  Act  III.  sc.  ii. ,  "  My  life  stands  in 
the  level  of  your  dreams,"  162 
Shamble  and  flesh  meats,  68,  293,  394 
Shanks's  mare  and  similar  phrases,  345,  415 
Shaw(John)=Eliza  Powell,  226 
Shedlock  (J.  S.)  on  Dolores,  musical  composer,  177 

"  0  come,  all  ye  faithful,"  54 
Shelley  (P.  B.),  date  of  his  mother's  death,  68  ;  and 

Samuel  Shelley,  227,  278 

Shelley  (Samuel),  painter,  and  P.  B.  Shelley,  227,  278 
Bherborn  (G.  T.)  on  Addison's  daughter,  88 
"  Cockshut  time,"  195 
Dorsetshire  snake-lore,  253 
Melancholy,  334 

Sherborne  (Lord)  on  gimerro,  156 
Sherlock  (Dr.  William),  Dean  of  St.  Paul's,  426 
Sherwood  (G.)  on  "  Copy  "=copyhold,  347 
Fettiplace,  396 
Pedigree  in  1640,  466 
Shilleto  (A.  R.),  ed.  of  Burton's  'Anatomy,'  42,  163, 

203, 282 

Shipton,  Mother,  her  birthplace,  406 
Shoe-cart:  "  Go  in  shoe-cart,"  415 
Shorthand,  Pepys's,  recently  used,  337 
Shorthouse  (J.  H.),  key  to  '  John  Inglesant,'  289,  357 
Shots,  division  of  field  into,  354 
Shrove  Tuesday,  football  on,  127,  194,  230,  331,  435 
Shulbrede  Priory,  derivation  of  the  name,  247 
Siberia,  its  Russian  name,  346 
Sibree  (E.)  on  etymology  of  God,  74 
Sicily,  works  on  its  history,  128 
Sidgwick  (F.)  on  Dickens  queries,  298 
Sidney  (Sir  P.)  and  Shakespeare,  110  ;  and  Plato,  207 
Sieveking  (A.  F.)  on  earliest  playbills,  28 

'  Worke  for  Cutlers,'  28 

"  Silly  Billy,"  application  of  the  sobriquet,  183,  232 
Simplicissimus  on  chaperon,  54 
Sirr  (H.)  on  "There  was  a  man,"  474 
Sisters  with  same  Christian  name.     See  Brother*. 
Skeat  (Prof.  W.  W.)  on  Ash,  place-name,  113 
Barrar,  478 
Bell's  '  Chaucer,'  404 
Chauceriana,  174,  198 
Cockshut  time,  121 
Cold  Harbour  :  Windy  Arbour,  413 
Diabread,  173 

Easterling  and  East-Harling,  505 
Euchre,  77 
Foleit,  374 
"  From  whence,"  55 
Glowworm  or  firefly,  112 
Hanged,  drawn,  and  quartered,  371,  410 


Skeat  (Prof.  W.  W.)  on  Heardlome  :  Heech,  75 

Hen-Hussey:  Whip-stitch:  Wood-toter,  475 

Kings  (English),  their  names,  225 

"Meynes"  and  "Rhines,"  92,  251 

^pronounced  ng,  291 

"  Painted  and  popped,"  457 

Pearl,  426 

Peridote,  386 

Rigadoon,  4 

"  Scole  Inn,"  Norfolk,  313,  454 

Shakespeariana,  342 

Smallage,  330 

"Sorpeni":   "  Haggovele,"  256 

Tideswell  and  Tideslow,  91,  228,  316 

Toys,  Wykehamical  word,  13 

"Tymbers  of  ermine,"  492 

Usk  (Thomas)  and  Ralph  Higden,  245 
Skeet  (Capt.  F.  J.  A.)  on  Boer  War  of  1881,  277 
Skellat  bell,  explanation  of  the  term,  166 
Skey  (F.  C.)  on  Somerset  dialect,  6 
Sleep  and  Death,  writers  on,  315,  355 
Sloane  (Sir  H.)and  Apothecaries'  garden,  227, 270, 336 
Smallage = water-parsley,  288,  330 
Smallpox  at  Norwich  o.  1 746,  209 
Smallpox  marks  at  Shanghai,  346 
Smith  (C.)  on  Bagshaw,  9 
Smith  (E.)  on  Drake  in  Mexico,  325 

N  pronounced  ng,  291 

Pigeon  English  at  home,  506 
Smith  (G.)  on  Werden  Abbey,  67 
Smith  (G.  C.  Moore)  on  Gabriel  Harvey's  books,  267 

Latin  quotations,  188 

Smith  (Hubert)  on  documents  in  secret  drawers,  474 
Smith  (Right  Hon.  John),  his  descendants,  348,  412 
Smith  (R.  Horton)  on  well-known  epitaph,  444 

Pamela,  52 

Smithers  (C.  G.)  on  Baxter's  oil  printing,  490 
Smyth  (Clement),  Fellow  of  Oriel  College  1446,  202 
Smyth  (Eleanor  C.)  on  envelopes,  57,  134 

Links  with  the  past,  414 

Shakespeare's  'Virtue  of  Necessity,'  76 
Smyth  (H.)  on  Irish  ejaculatory  prayers,  337 

Moon  folk-lore,  395 
Smythies  (H.  M.  G.),  novelist,  87 
Snakes  dying  at  sunset,  168,  253,  333 
Snow  rime  in  Yorkshire,  392,  511 
Snowball  family,  137 

Soldiers  condemned  to  death  by  lot,  366,  476 
Sombre  (Dyce)  and  the  Begum  Sumroo,  14,  68 
Somerset  dialect :  "  Vibrate,"  "  Wrangling,"  6 
Somerville,  twentieth  Baron,  508 
Songs  and  Ballads : — 

Address  to  Poverty,  43,  151 

Back  and  side  go  bare,  125 

Bailiff's  daughter  of  Islington,  388 

Bartram's  Dirge,  338 

Canadian  Boat  Song,  145 

Derby's  Ram,  306 

Dumbarton's  drums  beat  bonnie,  O,  309 

Herring  Song,  306 

Lord  Bateman  and  his  Sophia,  168 

My  Old  Oak  Table,  16 

Oak,  the  ash,  and  the  bonny  ivy  tree,  35 

Prostitute,  151 

Tamaroo,  228,  272 
Sonnenschein  (W.  S.)  on  "Humanum  est  errare,"  512 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30,  1904. 


INDEX. 


551 


Sorpeni,  derivation  of  the  word,  208,  256,  472 
Soul  bell,  origin  of  the  custom,  308,  350 
Soulac  Abbey,  its  history,  209,  272 
Southam  (Herbert)  on  "As  the  crow  flies,"  204 
Glass  manufacture,  114 
Tickling  trout,  154 
Venison  in  summer,  113 

Southcott  (Joanna),  her  grave  at  St.  John's  Wood,  301 
Southwell  (Rt.  Hon.  Ed.),  his  diary,  8,  56,  158,  218 
Spain,  ostrich  eggs  in,  247,  332  ;  and  the  remains  of 

Columbus,  247,  332,  458  ;  Cosas  de  Espafia,  247, 

332,  458  ;  tribunal  of  old  men  in,  326  ;  prayers  at 

lighting  up  in,  492 

Spaniards'  feet,  their  tenuity  and  length,  247 
Spanish  doggerel  lines,  their  meaning,  147 
Spanish  proverb  on  the  orange,  206,  251 
Spenser  (Herbert),  on  billiards,  48,  113  ;  and  Carter 

Braxton,  405  ;  his  love  for  children,  465 
Spenser  (Edmund)  and  Shakespeare,  204 
Spexhall,  Suffolk,  its  registers,  44 
Spittle  in  baptism  and  folk-lore,  368,  431,  514 
Sport,  Indian  records  of,  349,  397,  455 
Squaw :  mahala,  synonyms,  64 
Stafford  (Henry,  Earl  of),  on  his  French  wife,  10 
Stage,  children  on  the,  108 
Stamp,  record  price  for  a,  324 
Stamp  collecting  and  its  literature,  322 
Standard  in  Cornhill,  distances  measured  from,  7,  132 
Staniforth  (T.  W.)  on  Byard  family,  348 
Stanley  (Sir  H.  M.),  his  nationality,  446 
State,  game  of,  226 
Steele  (Richard),  parallels  with  Burns  and  Wycherley, 

286,  357  ;  and  Alexander  Pennecuik,  386,  513 
Steggall  (Caroline)  on  curious  Christian  names,  237 

Sleep  and  death,  355 
Stendhal:  Beyle,  34 

Step-brother,  its  correct  meaning,  329,  395,  475 
Stephen   (Sir    Leslie),    his    '  English   Literature   and 

Society  in  the  Eighteenth  Century,'  288,  357 
Stephens  (J.  E.  R.)  on  German  prophecy,  396 
Stephens  (William),  President  of  Georgia,  144,  216 
Stepney  Church,  Leche  inscription  in,  207,  274 
Stevens  (E.)  on  Tideswell  and  Tideslow,  371 
Stevens  (H.  W.  P.)  on  Downing  family,  44 
Stewart  (Alan)  on  Mark  Hildesley,  344 
Lincoln's  Inn,  401 
Randolph  (Thomas),  285 

Stewart  (C.  P.)  on  Napoleon  at  St.  Helena,  126 
Stewart  (General  Chas.),  portrait  by  Romney,  127, 174 
Still-born  children,  281  • 
Stomach  called  "  Little  Mary,"  70 
Stone,  carved,  1602,  109,  158 
Stones,  precious,  their  setting,  29 
Stopes  (Mrs.  C.  C.)  on  '  Children  of  the  Chapel,'  407 

"  There  was  a  man,"  474 

Storm  Sermon  at  Little  Wild  Street  Chapel,  77 
Stow  (John),  misprints  in  Thoms's  edition,  205 
Stoyle  families,  349,  432 
Strachey  (C.)  on  "  Disce  pati,"  248 

Shulbrede,  247 

Stradling  (Thomas),  ship-master,  his  adventures,  66 
Stratford-on-Avon,  antiquity  of  King  Edward's  School, 

257  :  Shakespeare's  grave,  288,  321,  352,  416,  478 
Street  (E.  E.)  on  Antiquary  v.  antiquarian,  396 
Cosas  de  Espana,  332 
Lobishome,  417,  472 


Street  (E.  E.)  on  Manitoba,  275 

Stronach  (G.)  on  "  New  facts  regarding  Shakespeare,"  45 

Shakespeare's  scholarship,  33 
Strong  (Prof.  H.  A.)  on  Chaperoned,  92 

Dickens  queries,  272 

Economy,  38 

"  He  who  knows  not,"  235 

Latin  lines,  314,  353 

Morale,  237 

Sanguis,  its  derivation,  515 

Stuart  (Lieut.-General  Sir  John),  victor  of  Maida,  175 
Stuart  Kings,  Court  posts  under,  107,  173,  198 
Suffolk  (Duke  of),  1450,  and  Duchess  of  Gloucester,  209 
Suffolk  (Henry  Grey,  Duke  of),  his  remains,  47 
Summer  "set in  with  its  usual  severity,"  38 
Sumroo  (Begum),  her  history,  14,  68 
Sun  :   "  My  Lord  the  Sun,"  reference  to,  126,  193 
Sun  and  its  orbit,  329",  435,  476 
Sunday  football,  331 

Sundial,  inscriptions  on,  148,  516  ;  parish,  208 
Supernatural,  references  in  hieroglyphics  to,  290 
Superstition,  number,  369,  457 
Supervisum  Corpus,  508 
Surnames,  Camden  on,  248,  314 
Surtees  (H.  C  )  on  Mount  Grace  le  Ebor,  149 

Snowball,  137 

Surtees  (Robert),  and  '  Barthram's  Dirge,'  338,  378 
Sussex,  death-sequence  in,  127 
Sussex  (Earl  of),  speech  by,  1596,  7 
Sussex  on  Court  posts  under  Stuart  kings,  107i  198 
Swedenborg  (Emanuel)  and  Hector  Berlioz,  26 
Sweek,  name  for  jack-bar  or  bijou,  456 
Swift  and  Vanessa,  picture  by  W.  T.  Frith,  67 
Swinbrook,  Oxfordshire,  monuments  in  church,  611 
Swinburne  (A.  C.),  stanzas  by,  49,  198 
Swynnerton  (C.)  on  "  From  whence,"  9 

Moon  folk-lore,  395 

Rasalu,  RAja,  87 

Torch  and  taper,  293 

Syer-Cuming  (Henry),  his  library  and  museum,  409,  436 
Synchronize,  use  of  the  word,  47 
T.  on  Tuckett,  48 
T.  (B.)  on  Lieut.-Col.  Cross,  407 
T.  (C.)  on  Christmastide  folk-lore,  172 

Clyse,  111 

Cobweb  pills,  205 

Peculiars,  175 

T.  (G.)  on  oldest  public  school,  166 
T.  (H.)  on  "Run  of  his  teeth,"  388 
T.  (W.)  on  Addison's  daughter,  149 

Nash  (Richard),  96 
Tablets,  commemorative,  367 
Tacitus  and  the  '  Gesta  Romanorum,'  6 
Tailor,  riding,  at  Astley's  in  1815,  508 
Tales,  county,  505 

Taper  and  torch,  their  difference,  109,  196,  293 
Tarelli  (C.  Camp)  on  &sop  in  Greek,  268 
Tartar  or  Tatar,  correct  spelling,  11 
Tasso  and  Milton,  parallel  passages,  202,  249,  314 
Tavern  Signs : — 

Mitre,  Fenchurch  Street,  297,  373 

Mourning  Bush,  374 

Mourning  Crown,  374 

Mourning  Mitre,  297,  373 

Scole  Inn,  Norfolk,  248,  313,  394,  454 

Ship  Hotel,  Greenwich,  111,  375,  454 


552 


I  N  D  E  X. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30,  1904. 


Tavern  Signs : — 

Sun  and  Anchor,  Scotter,  504 

Taylor's  Head,  374 

Tawell  (J.),  executed  at  Aylesbury,  255 
Taylor  (H.)  on  Hell,  Heaven,  and  Paradise,  332 
Taylor  (John),  the  Water  Poet,  his  tavern  sign,  374 
Taylor  (Jeremy),  quotations  in,  406 
Taylor  (Thomas),  the  Platonist,  and  W.  Meredith,  409 
Tea  as  a  meal,  early  references,  176,  209,  456 
Teedon  (Samuel),  his  MS.  diary,  409,  473 
Tellers,  bell  rung  at  death,  308,  350 
Templar  on  Thomas  Goodwin,  189 
Temple  College,  Philadelphia,  its  degrees,  207,  297,493 
Tenfin  (Madame  du),  her  portrait,  427 
Tenerife,  inscriptions  at  Orotava,  361,  455 ;  at  Santa 

Cruz,  442 

Tennyson  (Lord)  on  Britain,  166 
Thackeray  (W.  M.),  Becky  Sharp  and  10,OOOZ.  a  year, 
189,  216  ;  his  '  Catherine  Hayes,'  205  ;  his  use  of 
"anon,"  246,  337 
Thackeray  queries,  207 
Theatre  pit,  earliest  reference,  286 
Thomas  (A.  W.)  on  Buuney,  489 
Thomas  (N.  W.)  on  North  Australian  vocabularies,  348 
Thomas  (Ralph)  on  engravings,  370 

Greenwich  Palace,  486 

Inscriptions  on  buildings,  516 

'  Oxford  English  Dictionary,  146,  255 
Thomas  (W.  Moy)  on  milestones,  7 
"  Thomas's  Hotel,"  Berkeley  Sq.,  its  demolition,  447 
Thomlinson  (VV.  Clark)  on  Doge  of  Venice,  469 
Thompson  family  of  Boughton,  co.  Kent,  87 
Thorns  (W.  J.),  misprints  in  his  'Stow,'  205 
Thorn-Drury  (G.)  on  '  Merry  Thoughts,  250 

Shakespearian  allusions,  44 
"  Three  Sugar  Loaves  and  Crown,"  Fenchurch  Street, 

167,  214,  297,  373 
Three  Weeks  Court,  Tutbury,  274 
"Thunder-free,"  in  Browning's  '  Pippa  Passes,'  504 
Thurnam  (R.)on  Sicily,  128 
Tibetan  words  in  English,  465 
Tickling  trout,  154,  274,  375,  473 
Tides,  low,  and  Good  Friday,  310 
Tideslow  and  Tideswell,  their  etymology,  52,  91, 190, 

228,  278,  292,  316,  371,  471 
Tiger- claw  weapon,  or  v&ghnatcb,  408 
Tigers,  their  size,  397 
Tighern-mas,  iron  crozier,  408 
Timbers  of  ermine,  the  term,  449,  492 
'  Times,'  1962,  470 
Tinsel  characters.  47 
Tituladoes,  derivation  of  the  word,  449 
Tokens  and  coins,  copper,  how  to  clean,  248,  335,  456 
Tollage,  explanation  of  the  term,  126,  232 
Tomline,  near  St.  Bees'  Head,  368 
Top  spit,  use  of  the  term,  36 
Torch  and  taper,  their  difference,  109,  196,  293 
Torfrida  on  periodicals  for  women,  228 
Torpedoes  anticipated,  286,  374 

Torrington,  Devon,  and  Admiral  Byng's  title,  189,  256 
Tote=to  carry,  449 
Tower  Bridge  anticipated,  367 
Tower  of  London,  Oxford  men  sent  to,  309 
Townshend  (Dorothea)  on  Townshend  pedigrees,  226 
Townshend  (J.)  on  '  Abbey  of  Kilkhampton,'  12 

Epitaphs,  their  bibliography,  174 


Townshend  or  Townsend  pedigrees,  226 

Toys,  Wykehamical  word,  13,  50,  96 

Trade,  silent,  ancient  practice,  206 

Travers,  Trevers,  or  Trivers,  family,  208,  252 

Trelawny  ballad,  its  origin,  83 

Trevers,  Trivers,  or  Travers  family,  208,  252 

Trout  caught  by  tickling,  154,  274,  375,  473 

Tuckett  (John),  of  Kentish  Town,  his  biography,  48 

Tugs,  Wykehamical  word,  269,  353,  436 

Tunnelism :  tunnelist,  use  of  the  words,  27 

Turbary,  white,  its  botanical  name,  310 

Turin,  National  Library  burnt,  387 

Turin  (J.),  French  clockmaker,  107 

Turner  (Dawson)  and  Capt.  G.  W.  Manby,  21 

Turner  paintings,  exhibition  of,  168 

Turtliffe  (Foscarinus),  his  Christian  name,  127 

Tuscan  pawnbrokers  and  rue,  148,  231 

Tutbury,  Honour  of,  127,  195,  274 

Tynte  book-plate,  1704,  449 

Tyrrell  (Christabella),  her  marriages,  109 

U.E.L.  on  American  Loyalists,  313 

TJdal  (J.  S.)  on  Audyn  or  Audin  family,  495 

St.  Paul  and  Kpimenides,  405 
Ugbrooke,  Latin  MS.  and  Psalter  at,  109 
Unco,  wrong  use  of  the  word,  456 
Underdo wn  (H.  W.)  on  Bow  Bridge,  461 
United  States,  snake-lore  in,  253,  333 
Urllad  on  "  An  Austrian  army,"  211 
Usk  (Thomas)  and  Ralph  Higden,  245 
V.  (C.  X.)  on  Huddersfield  history,  107 
V.  (P.)  on  Murray  baronetcy,  427 
V.  (Q.)  on  golf,  517 

Green,  its  signi6cance,  6 

"Jolly  good  fellow  "  in  Italian,  4 
V.  (W.  I.  R.)  on  Burns  anticipated,  286 

Charles  I  :  interesting  letters,  65 

Chatham  (Earl  of),  Masonic  portrait,  427 

Esther  in  '  Bleak  House,'  125 

"  Luther's  distich,"  473 

"  Our  Lady  of  the  Snows,"  511 

Rubens's  '  Palaces  of  Genoa,'  267 

'True  Methodist ;  or,  Christian  in  Earnest,'  167 

Wilkie's  journal  or  diary,  329 
V.-W.  (H.  S.)  on  Dorothy  Nutt,  35 
Vade-Walpole  (H.  S.)  on  Sir  John  Vaughan,  28 
Vaghnatch,  or  tiger-claw  weapon,  408 
Valle  Rodol,  its  locality,  469,  512 
Vanishing  London  :  "Thomas's  Hotel,"  447 
Vaughan  (Sir  John),  Governor  of  Londonderry,  28 
Venice,  Doge  of,  likeness  blotted  out,  469,  517 
Venison  in  summer,  47,  113 
Verse,  blank,  accent  in,  14 
Vestibule,  used  as  a  verb,  346 
Veto  at  Papal  elections,  94 
Vicar  on  Bradley,  co.  Southampton,  389 

Parkins  (Dr.),  51 

Stephens  (William)  President  of  Georgia,  216 
Vicissitudes  of  langunge,  74 
Victims,  Manchester  club,  481 
Vida  (M.  H.),  his  '  Christiad  '  and  Milton,  249 
Vigee  Lebrun  (Madame),  86,  137,  171,  211,  237 
Vinci  (Leonardo  da),  '  Last  Supper,'  25  ;  in  Milan,  26 
"Vinegar  of  the  four  thieves,"  its  composition,  231) 
Vir,  Castrum  de,  its  locality,  469,  512 
Virgate,  its  extent,  101,  143 
Vivares  (Francois),  engraver,  his  biography,  308 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30, 1904. 


INDEX. 


553 


Vivarez  (H.)  on  Vivares  (Frangois),  303 
Vivier  (Eugene),  noted  horn  player,  169 
Vocabularies,  Australian,  inquired  alter,  348 
Voltaire  on  Tasso  and  Milton,  249,  314 
W.  (B.)  on  football  on  Shrove  Tuesday,  435 
"  Our  Lady  of  the  Snows,"  31 1 
"  Stat  crux  dum  volvitur  orbis,"  393 
W.  (E.)  on  "As  merry  as  griggs,"  94 
W.  (E.  P.)  on  "  Kick  the  bucket,"  227 

Leap  Year,  228 
W.  (F.  C.)  on  St.  Agnes,  Haddington,  67 

St.  Patrick  at  Orvieto,  48 

W.  (G.)  on  football  on  Shrove  Tuesday,  127,  331 
W.  (G.  G.)  on  "An  Austrian  army,"  148,  258 
Auncell,  237 
Envelopes,  134 
Paste,  510 
Willie  William,  315 
W.  (G.  H.)  on  Cardigan  as  a  surname,  67 

Fitzhamon,  47 

W.  (R.)  on  "  Sorpeni,"  "  Haggovele,"  208 
W.  (U.  V.)  on  "  Drug  in  the  market,"  149,  316 
Penrith,  354 

Tideswell  and  Tideslow,  471 
Worm,  492 

Wager,  the,  its  wreck,  201,  230,  335 
Wainewright  (J.  B.)  on  Aristotle's  philosophy,  472 
"As  merry  as  griggs,"  276 
Beadnell,  17 
Birch-sap  wine,  1 8 
Cardinals  and  crimson  robes,  71,  214 
Child-murder  by  Jews,  15 
Cole  (Henry),  224 
Constance  (Council  of),  legend,  397 
Dickens  queries,  431 
Doge  of  Venice,  517 
Easter  Sepulchre,  398 
Epitaph  at  Doncaster,  196 
Epitaphs  :  their  bibliography,  252 
Foscarinus,  198 
Giles  (Robert),  48 
Gravestone,  nameless,  173 
Green  (J.  R.)  on  Freeman,  294 
Hanged,  drawn,  and  quartered,  411 
Harpsfield  (John  and  .Nicholas),  224 
Hundred  Courts,  197 
Hydrophobic  patients  smothered,  65 
Immurement  alive  of  religious,  50 
Latin  quotations,  297 
Milestones,  195 
Natalese,  516 

Neale  (Thomas) :  Herberley,  509 
' '  Our  Lady  of  the  Snows,"  393 
Oxford  men  sent  to  the  Tower,  309 
"  Past,"  a,  396 
Pius  X.,  anagrams  on,  253 
"  Purple  patch,"  477 
St.  Gregory  the  Great,  relics  of,  106 
"  Sal  et  saliva,"  431 
Tacitus  and  the  '  Gesta  Romanorum,'  6 
Tugs,  Wykehamical  notion,  436 
Veto  at  Papal  elections,  94 
Wilton  Nunnery,  248,  416 
'  Yong  Souldier,'  477 

Wainwright  (John),  Irish  Baron  of  Exchequer,  55 
Wainwright  (T.)  on  documents  in  secret  drawers,  475 


Walbeoff  family,  347,  413 

Walker  (Benjamin)  on  Hundred  Courts,  127 

Tutbury,  Honour  of,  127,  274 
Walker  (R.  J.)  on  mimes  of  Herondas,  68 
Wallace  (A.)  on  Irish  ejaculatory  prayers,  249 

Lane  (Mrs.)  and  Peter  Pindar,  226 
Waller  (A.  R.)  on  Crabbe  bibliography,  86 
Walney  Island  Names,  their  etymology,  387,  492 
Walpole  (Horace)  and  Madame  du  Deffand,  325 
War  bow,  last  used,  225,  278,  437,  497 
Warburton  (Bishop),  his  ;  True  Methodist,'  167 
Ward  (C.  S.)  on  Baxter's  oil  printing,  490 
Boer  War  of  1881,  277 
"  Consul  of  God,"  32 
Dahuria,  248 

Galton  (Rev.  Arthur),  413 
"  God's  silly  vassal,"  17 
St.  Dunstan,  216 
St.  Fina  of  Gimignano,  415 
St.  Gregory  the  Great,  158 
St.  Mewbred,  288 
Ward  (H.  Snowden)  on  Becket's  martyrdon,  383 
Cold  Harbour  :   Windy  Arbour,  341 
'Edwin  Drood'  continued,  331 
Paste,  510 
Robin  a  Bobbin,  172 
"  There  was  a  man,"  377 
Ward  (J.  H.)  on  Robert  Boyle  on  the  Bible,  186 
Wardour,  Latin  MS.  at,  109 

Warleggan,  near  Bodmin,  its  parish  registers,  266 
Warrington  Church,  chasuble  found  at,  128 
Warwick  Grammar  School,  its  antiquity,  215,  270 
"  Was  you ! "  for  "  Were  you  ? "  date  of  change,  509 
Water  of  jealousy,  Oriental  story,  147 
Watson  (Christopher)  on  "  Ashes  to  ashes,"  430 
Becket  (T.  a),  his  martyrdom,  450 
Thieves'  slang  :   "  Joe  Gurr,"  457 
Watson  (George)  on  the  dead  bell,  350 
Watson  (J.)  on  Elizabeth  and  foreign  decorations,  328 
Hastings  (Warren),  his  firsi  wife,  494 
Indian  sport,  397 
Stephen    (Leslie),    '  his  English   Literature    and 

Society  in  the  Eighteenth  Century,'  357 
Watson  family  of  Hamburg,  409 
Watts  (Isaac),  his  '  Hymns  and  Spiritual  Songs,'  508 
Watts-Dunton  (T.),  "Griengro"  in  'Aylwin,'  369,  478 
Weather:  "Summer  has  set  in  with  its  usual  severity," 
38  ;  affected  by  moon,  347,  441 ;  on  25  January,  65 
Webster  (Wentworth),  his  '  Basque  Legends,'  190,  493 
Weddings,  Japanese,  glass-breaking  at,  195 
Wedgwood  (Josiah)  on  Chiswick  nightingales,  125 
Welford  (R.)  on  barrar,  435 

Christian  names,  curious,  237 
Gravestones,  nameless,  252 
Immortality  of  animals,  256 
Sun  and  its  orbit,  435 
'  Willy  Wood  and  Greedy  Grizzle,'  48 
Wellington  (Arthur,  Duke  of),  his  horses,  329,  416 
Wellington  (Evelyn,  Dowager  Duchess  of),  on  French 

miniature  painter,  86,  171 
Turin  (J.),  French  clockmaker,  107 
Welsbach  (Caspar),  his  copy  of  Luther's  Bible,  509 
Welsh  rabbit,  derivation  of  the  term,  70 
Wentworth,  its  local  pronunciation,  307 
Werden  Abbey,  near  Diisseldorf,  67,  111,  152 
Werewolf  story  in  Portugal,  327,  417 


554 


INDEX. 


Notes  and  Queries,  July  30, 1904. 


Wesley    (John),    and    Miss    Lewen,    189,   218 ;    on 

gardens,  349  ;  on  glory  of  Methodists,  409,  476 
West-Country  fairs,  illustrations  of,  48,  93 
Western  rebellion  of  1549,  46,  217,  428 
Westminster,    St.    Margaret's   Churchyard    improve- 
ments, 23,  62 
Westminster  Abbey,  Chaucer's  tomb  in,  28  ;  changes 

at,  467 

Westminster  changes  in  1903,  263,  302,  355 
Westminster  scholars,  Mr.  Stacey  Grimaldi's  list  of,  267 
Weybourne  Hoop,  ancient  rime  concerning,  316 
Wheeler  (Adrian)  on  animal-baiting,  37 

Arthur  (King),  sleeping,  194 

Corney  (Mrs.)  in  '  Oliver  Twist,"  5 

Glowworm  or  firefly,  193 
Whewell  (William)  and  Prof.  Jowett,  386 
Whip-stitch,  use  of  the  word,  449,  518 
Whitby,  Mrs.  Gaskell  at,  187 
Whitebait  dinner,  ministerial,  at  Black  wall,  213 
Whitehead  (B.)  on  "  Coup  de  Jarnac,"  76 
Whitgift's  Hospital  at  Croydon  threatened,  498 
Whitty  Tree,  place-name,  its  meaning,  469 
Whitwell  (R.  J.)  on  Margaret  Biset,  468 
Wilderspin  (Samuel),  portrait  of,  67 
Wilkie's  journal  or  diary  inquired  after,  329 
Wilkins  (H.  C.)  on  Hell,  Heaven,  and  Paradise,  332 
Willan  (L.),  his  '  Astrsea  Victrix,'  7 
Willcock  ( J.)  on  Hawker's '  Trelawny '  anticipated,  405 

'Nicholas  Nickleby  '  :  Capt.  Cuttle,  166 

Wogan  (Capt.),  284 

Worm,  407 

William  III.  crowned  at  Dublin,  446 
William  IV.  called  "Silly  Billy,"  184,  232 
William  of  Wykeham,  his  parentage,  222,  257,  278 
William  Willie,  Christian  names,  67,  257,  315,  457 
Williams  (Charles)  on  '  Memoirs  of  a  Stomach,'  111 
Williams  (Edward),  drowned  1821,  368 
Williams  (John),  Archbishop  of  York,  letters  by,  447 
Wills,  Cheshire  and  Lancashire,  where  preserved,  38 
Wilson  (C.  Bundy)  on  acerbative,  174 

Christian  names,  curious,  170 

Dorsetshire  snake-lore,  333 

Foscarinus,  277 

"  Going  the  round  ":  "Roundhouse,"  158 

Moon  folk-lore,  252 

Pope  and  German  literature,  336 
Wilson  (T.)  on  step-brother,  395 

Withershins,  506 
Wilson  (W.  E.)  on  hanged,  drawn,  and  quartered,  411 

Links  with  the  past,  414 

Wilton  House,  Wiltshire,  and  Nunnery,  248,  318,  416 
Winchester  College,   "toys"  at,  13,  50,  96;  songs  at, 
228,272;  "tugs" at,269, 353;  " biddy " at, 272,  431 
Windy  Arbour,  origin  of  the  title,  341,  413,  496 
Wine,  birch-sap,  its  manufacture,  18,  98 
Wineglasses,  Jacobite,  204,  293,  392 
Wissant,  near  Calais,  and  Dante's  'Inferno,'  182 
Witchcraft  in  Lapland,  190;  275 
Withershins,  origin  of  the  word,  506 
Woffington  (Peg),  letter  of,  ]  24 
Wogan  (Capt.),  in  '  Waverley,'  284 
Wolf  (Lucien),  his  'Jewry  of  the  Restoration,'  124 
Wolfe  (General  J.),  his  military  career,  108 


Wolferstan  ( E.  P.)  on  birds'  eggs,  373 

Fettiplace,  473 

Wolsey  (Cardinal)  and  Nelson's  tomb,  308,  376,  417 
Wolverhampton,  pulpit  at,  407,  476 
Women,  verses  on,  .189;   early  periodicals  for,  228, 

295,  397;  desires  of  pregnant,  362,  430,  493 
Women  voters  in  counties  and  boroughs,  327,  372 
Women's  club,  university  name  for,  489 
Wood-toter,  use  of  the  word,  449 
Woodcock,  its  habits,  121,  195,  232 
Woodmote  Court,  Tutbury,  its  procedure,  195,  274 
Words,  frozen,  nautical  yarn,  3 
Wordsworth  (William),  Sadler's  Wells  play  alluded  to 

by,  7,  70,  96,  136  ;  lines  attributed  to,  448 
'  Worke  for  Cutlers,'  performances  of,  28 
Workington,  football  at,  127,  194,  230,  331 
Worm,  seventeenth-century  disease,  407,  492 
Wright  (A.  T.)  on  "  One-ninth  Church,"  124 
Wryttes-Houses,  Edinburgh,  217 
Wyatt  (Sir  Thomas),  his  riddle,  164 
Wyburne  family  of  Cumberland,  309 
Wycherley,  Burns,  and  Steele,  parallels,  286,  357 
Wykeham  (William  of),  his  parentage,  222,  257,  278 
Wyrley,  his  Derbyshire  Church  Notes,  427 
X.  (P.  A.)  on  Knight  Templar,  338 
Xylographer  on  Reign  of  Terror,  127 
Yardley  (E.)  on  sleeping  King  Arthur,  77 

"Coup  de  Jarnac,"  197 

Glowworm  or  firefly,  157 

Heber's  'Palestine,'  69 

Leper  hymn-writer,  296 

Lobishome,  417,  472 

Marlborough  and  Shakespeare,  256,  292 

Pompadour  (Madame  de),  epigram  on,  18 

"  Prior  to,"  295 

Scotch  words  and  English  commentators,  375, 456- 

Seion  and  Llanpumsaint,  152 

Shakespeare's  geography,  51 

Shakespeariana,  425 

Sleep  and  death,  315 

Tasso  and  Milton,  250 
Yaws,  etymology  of  the  word,  5 
Yeo  (W.  C. )  on  Magsman,  6 
Yeoman  of  the  Crown,  the  oflice,  208,  272,  457 
Yeoman  of  the  King's  Guard,  the  office,  457 
Yeoman  of  the  King's  Slaughter  House,  the  oflice,  457 
Yeoman  of  the  Leash,  the  office,  107,  173,  198 
Yeoman  of  the  Privy  Chamber,  the  office,  107, 173, 198 
Ygrec  on  guide  to  Manor  Rolls,  169,  272 

Psalter  and  Latin  MS.,  109 

Sellinger,  491 

York,  antiquity  of  St.  Peter's  School,  215 
York,  Lord  Mayor,  his  seal  used  for  confirmation,  447 
York  on  Northern  and  Southern  pronunciation,  508 
York  Minster,  J.  A.  Froude  on,  290 
Yorkshireman  on  Astwick  :  Austwick,  466 

Raleigh,  its  pronunciation,  176 

Tickling  trout,  473 

Tideswell  and  Tideslow,  471 
"You  was,"  superseded  by  "You  were,"  509 
Young  (Edward),  "  the  painter  of  ill-luck,"  126 
Z.  (V.)  on  Father  Petchorin,  487 
Zoffany  and  John  Gordon,  107 


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